LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The composition of the loan portfolio, net of deferred loan fees is summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ 176,201 $ 192,197 Agricultural 360 1,036 Commercial mortgages: Construction 46,387 41,131 Commercial mortgages 522,269 465,347 Residential mortgages 198,493 195,778 Consumer loans: Credit cards 1,476 1,483 Home equity lines and loans 98,590 101,726 Indirect consumer loans 139,572 151,327 Direct consumer loans 16,942 18,608 Total loans, net of deferred loan fees 1,200,290 1,168,633 Interest receivable on loans 3,192 2,870 Total recorded investment in loans $ 1,203,482 $ 1,171,503 Residential mortgages held for sale as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 totaling $0.4 million and $1.1 million , respectively, are not included in the above table. Residential mortgages totaling $158.0 million at December 31, 2016 and $156.3 million at December 31, 2015 were pledged under a blanket collateral agreement for the Corporation's line of credit with the FHLBNY. The Corporation's concentrations of credit risk by loan type are reflected in the preceding table. The concentrations of credit risk with standby letters of credit, committed lines of credit and commitments to originate new loans generally follow the loan classifications in the table above. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively (in thousands): December 31, 2016 Allowance for loan losses Commercial, and Agricultural Commercial Mortgages Residential Mortgages Consumer Loans Total Beginning balance: $ 1,831 $ 7,112 $ 1,464 $ 3,853 $ 14,260 Charge Offs: (217 ) (911 ) (65 ) (1,637 ) (2,830 ) Recoveries: 92 10 — 284 386 Net (charge offs) recoveries (125 ) (901 ) (65 ) (1,353 ) (2,444 ) Provision (117 ) 1,059 124 1,371 2,437 Ending balance $ 1,589 $ 7,270 $ 1,523 $ 3,871 $ 14,253 December 31, 2015 Allowance for loan losses Commercial, and Agricultural Commercial Mortgages Residential Mortgages Consumer Loans Total Beginning balance: $ 1,460 $ 6,326 $ 1,572 $ 4,328 $ 13,686 Charge Offs: (186 ) (104 ) (47 ) (1,294 ) (1,631 ) Recoveries: 96 131 — 407 634 Net recoveries (charge offs) (90 ) 27 (47 ) (887 ) (997 ) Provision 461 759 (61 ) 412 1,571 Ending balance $ 1,831 $ 7,112 $ 1,464 $ 3,853 $ 14,260 December 31, 2014 Allowance for loan losses Commercial, and Agricultural Commercial Mortgages Residential Mortgages Consumer Loans Total Beginning balance: $ 1,979 $ 6,243 $ 1,517 $ 3,037 $ 12,776 Charge Offs: (444 ) (2,229 ) (97 ) (1,508 ) (4,278 ) Recoveries: 385 156 32 634 1,207 Net recoveries (charge offs) (59 ) (2,073 ) (65 ) (874 ) (3,071 ) Provision (460 ) 2,156 120 2,165 3,981 Ending balance $ 1,460 $ 6,326 $ 1,572 $ 4,328 $ 13,686 The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 Allowance for loan losses Commercial Commercial Mortgages Residential Mortgages Consumer Loans Total Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 735 $ — $ 141 $ 876 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,589 6,476 1,498 3,730 13,293 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 59 25 — 84 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,589 $ 7,270 $ 1,523 $ 3,871 $ 14,253 December 31, 2015 Allowance for loan losses Commercial Commercial Mortgages Residential Mortgages Consumer Loans Total Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 8 $ 1,481 $ — $ 77 $ 1,566 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,823 5,572 1,424 3,776 12,595 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 59 40 — 99 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,831 $ 7,112 $ 1,464 $ 3,853 $ 14,260 December 31, 2016 Loans: Commercial Commercial Mortgages Residential Mortgages Consumer Loans Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 693 $ 10,382 $ 396 $ 455 $ 11,926 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 176,334 558,451 198,474 256,879 1,190,138 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 1,323 95 — 1,418 Total ending loans balance $ 177,027 $ 570,156 $ 198,965 $ 257,334 $ 1,203,482 December 31, 2015 Loans: Commercial Commercial Mortgages Residential Mortgages Consumer Loans Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,498 $ 12,773 $ 235 $ 474 $ 14,980 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 192,202 493,102 195,731 273,393 1,154,428 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 1,825 270 — 2,095 Total ending loans balance $ 193,700 $ 507,700 $ 196,236 $ 273,867 $ 1,171,503 The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment recognized by class of loans as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the average recorded investment and interest income recognized by class of loans as of the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ 690 $ 693 $ — $ 1,487 $ 1,489 $ — Commercial mortgages: Construction 277 278 — 349 350 — Commercial mortgages 8,792 7,857 — 7,551 7,577 — Residential mortgages 395 396 — 234 235 — Consumer loans: Home equity lines and loans 93 95 — 107 108 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial — — — 9 9 8 Commercial mortgages: Commercial mortgages 2,245 2,247 735 4,913 4,846 1,481 Consumer loans: Home equity lines and loans 360 360 141 364 366 77 Total $ 12,852 $ 11,926 $ 876 $ 15,014 $ 14,980 $ 1,566 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (1) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (1) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (1) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ 1,010 $ 42 $ 1,358 $ 64 $ 1,463 $ 40 Commercial mortgages: Construction 320 14 992 36 2,104 102 Commercial mortgages 6,793 240 7,728 264 7,492 259 Residential mortgages 366 5 244 4 141 1 Consumer loans: Home equity lines & loans 102 5 396 6 143 6 With an allowance recorded: Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial 33 — 146 3 502 — Commercial mortgages: Commercial mortgages 4,749 6 4,503 49 1,611 41 Consumer loans: Home equity lines and loans 362 — 84 18 56 4 Total $ 13,735 $ 312 $ 15,451 $ 444 $ 13,512 $ 453 (1) Cash basis interest income approximates interest income recognized. The following tables present the recorded investment in non-accrual and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loans as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands): Non-accrual Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing 2016 2015 2016 2015 Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ — $ 13 $ 2 $ 3 Commercial mortgages: Construction 19 63 — — Commercial mortgages 5,454 7,203 — — Residential mortgages 4,201 3,610 — — Consumer loans: Credit cards — — 11 15 Home equity lines and loans 1,670 757 — — Indirect consumer loans 654 542 — — Direct consumer loans 45 43 — — Total $ 12,043 $ 12,232 $ 13 $ 18 The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality Loans Not Past Due Total Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ 160 $ 7 $ 2 $ 169 $ — $ 176,497 $ 176,666 Agricultural — — — — — 361 361 Commercial mortgages: Construction — 1,177 — 1,177 — 45,333 46,510 Commercial mortgages 652 4,460 2,412 7,524 1,323 514,799 523,646 Residential mortgages 2,100 436 2,383 4,919 95 193,951 198,965 Consumer loans: Credit cards 3 9 11 23 — 1,453 1,476 Home equity lines and loans 227 — 1,149 1,376 — 97,477 98,853 Indirect consumer loans 1,773 287 542 2,602 — 137,391 139,993 Direct consumer loans 54 7 22 83 — 16,929 17,012 Total $ 4,969 $ 6,383 $ 6,521 $ 17,873 $ 1,418 $ 1,184,191 $ 1,203,482 December 31, 2015 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality Loans Not Past Due Total Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ 398 $ 3 $ 12 $ 413 $ — $ 192,248 $ 192,661 Agricultural — — — — — 1,039 1,039 Commercial mortgages: Construction — — — — — 41,231 41,231 Commercial mortgages 4,197 199 5,239 9,635 1,825 455,009 466,469 Residential mortgages 2,983 725 1,703 5,410 270 190,555 196,236 Consumer loans: Credit cards 30 4 15 50 — 1,433 1,482 Home equity lines and loans 233 77 239 549 — 101,428 101,977 Indirect consumer loans 1,744 4 447 2,194 — 149,531 151,726 Direct consumer loans 208 — 19 227 — 18,455 18,682 Total $ 9,793 $ 1,012 $ 7,674 $ 18,478 $ 2,095 $ 1,150,929 $ 1,171,503 Troubled Debt Restructurings: A modification of a loan may result in classification as a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession. The Corporation offers various types of modifications which may involve a change in the schedule of payments, a reduction in the interest rate, an extension of the maturity date, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, requesting additional collateral, releasing collateral for consideration, substituting or adding a new borrower or guarantor, a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan or a permanent reduction of the interest on the loan. As of December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , the Corporation has a recorded investment in TDRs of $10.2 million , $12.0 million , and $9.7 million , respectively. There were specific reserves of $0.9 million allocated for TDRs at December 31, 2016 , and $1.4 million allocated for December 31, 2015, and $0.3 million allocated for December 31, 2014 . As of December 31, 2016 , TDRs totaling $5.8 million were accruing interest under the modified terms and $4.4 million were on non-accrual status. As of December 31, 2015 , TDRs totaling $7.6 million were accruing interest under the modified terms and $4.4 million were on non-accrual status. As of December 31, 2014 , TDRs totaling $8.7 million were accruing interest under the modified terms and $1.0 million were on non-accrual status. The Corporation has committed no additional amounts as of December 31, 2016 to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDRs. The Corporation committed additional amounts totaling up to $0.1 million as of both December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDRs. During the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , the terms of certain loans were modified as TDRs. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the modification of the terms of a residential mortgage loan included an extension of the maturity date by thirteen years at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk and a corresponding reduction of the scheduled amortization payments of the loan due to the longer term. Also, $8 thousand of closing costs were capitalized on the restructured loan. Additionally, the modification of the terms of five commercial real estate loans and one residential home equity loan included consolidating the loans into one commercial real estate loan and extending the maturity date at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. Also the modification of the terms of a residential mortgage loan included a reduction in the stated interest rate for three years and a corresponding reduction of the scheduled amortized payments of the loan due to the lower interest rate. Additionally, $4 thousand of interest and past due escrow payments were capitalized on the restructured loan. The modification of the terms of another commercial real estate loan included a postponement or reduction of the scheduled amortized payments of the loan for greater than a 3 month period and a partial release of collateral due to a sale of property after which the bank received part of the proceeds to bring the loan current and reduce the principal balance with the remainder of the proceeds used to pay delinquent taxes. This results in a reduction in outstanding principal of $97 thousand at the time of restructuring. The modification of the terms of such commercial loans performed during the year ended December 31, 2015 included renewing a line of credit and extending the maturity date at a rate lower than the current market rate, decreases of scheduled amortization payments for five loans and reductions of interest rates for two loans. The modification of the terms of such commercial loans performed during the year ended December 31, 2014 included a permanent reduction of the recorded investment and a change in the schedule of payments for one loan and renewing lines of credit or loans and extending maturity dates at rates lower than the current market rates for six other loans. The modification of the terms of the residential mortgage loan included extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. The modification of the terms of the home equity line of credit included a change in the schedule of payments and extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Troubled debt restructurings: Commercial mortgages: Commercial mortgages 6 $ 485 $ 388 Residential mortgages 2 295 307 Consumer loans: Home equity lines and loans 1 74 74 Total 9 $ 854 $ 769 The TDRs described above did not increase the allowance for loan losses and resulted in no charge offs during the year ended December 31, 2016. December 31, 2015 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Troubled debt restructurings: Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial 1 $ 477 $ 477 Commercial mortgages: Commercial mortgages 5 2,810 2,810 Total 6 $ 3,287 $ 3,287 The TDRs described above increase the allowance for loan losses by $1.1 million and resulted in no charge offs during the year ended December 31, 2015. December 31, 2014 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Troubled debt restructurings: Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial 4 $ 1,028 $ 1,028 Commercial mortgages: Commercial mortgages 4 2,666 2,623 Residential mortgages 1 149 150 Consumer loans: Home equity lines and loans 1 366 366 Total 10 $ 4,209 $ 4,167 The TDRs described above increased the allowance for loan losses by $0.2 million and resulted in less than $0.1 million in charge offs during the year ended December 31, 2014 . A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no payment defaults on any loans previously modified as troubled debt restructurings during the year ended December 31, 2016 within twelve months following the modification. The following table presents loans by class modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the year ended December 31, 2015 : December 31, 2015 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Commercial mortgages: Commercial mortgages 2 $ 1,877 Total 2 $ 1,877 The TDRs that subsequently defaulted described above did not increase the allowance for loan losses and resulted in no charge offs during the year ended December 31, 2015. There were no payment defaults on any loans previously modified as troubled debt restructurings during the year ended December 31, 2014 within twelve months following the modification. Credit Quality Indicators The Corporation establishes a risk rating at origination for all commercial loans. The main factors considered in assigning risk ratings include, but are not limited to: historic and future debt service coverage, collateral position, operating performance, liquidity, leverage, payment history, management ability, and the customer’s industry. Commercial relationship managers monitor all loans in their respective portfolios for any changes in the borrower’s ability to service their debt and affirm the risk ratings for the loans at least annually. For the retail loans, which include residential mortgages, indirect and direct consumer loans, home equity lines and loans, and credit cards, once a loan is properly approved and closed, the Corporation evaluates credit quality based upon loan repayment. Retail loans are not rated until they become 90 days past due. The Corporation uses the risk rating system to identify criticized and classified loans. Commercial relationships within the criticized and classified risk ratings are analyzed quarterly. The Corporation uses the following definitions for criticized and classified loans (which are consistent with regulatory guidelines): Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the institution’s credit position as some future date. Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capability of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. Loans listed as not rated are included in groups of homogeneous loans. Based on the analyses performed as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the risk category of the recorded investment of loans by class of loans is as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2016 Not Rated Pass Loans Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ — $ 172,873 $ — $ 2,277 $ 1,516 $ — $ 176,666 Agricultural — 361 — — — — 361 Commercial mortgages: Construction — 45,055 — 259 1,196 — 46,510 Commercial mortgages — 496,723 1,323 8,574 15,566 1,460 523,646 Residential mortgages 194,669 — 95 — 4,201 — 198,965 Consumer loans Credit cards 1,476 — — — — — 1,476 Home equity lines and loans 97,183 — — — 1,670 — 98,853 Indirect consumer loans 139,339 — — — 654 — 139,993 Direct consumer loans 16,967 — — — 45 — 17,012 Total $ 449,634 $ 715,012 $ 1,418 $ 11,110 $ 24,848 $ 1,460 $ 1,203,482 December 31, 2015 Not Rated Pass Loans Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial and agricultural: Commercial and industrial $ — $ 186,359 $ — $ 3,772 $ 2,521 $ 9 $ 192,661 Agricultural — 1,039 — — — — 1,039 Commercial mortgages: Construction — 40,881 — 287 63 — 41,231 Commercial mortgages — 437,549 1,825 8,437 14,454 4,204 466,469 Residential mortgages 192,245 — 270 — 3,721 — 196,236 Consumer loans Credit cards 1,482 — — — — — 1,482 Home equity lines and loans 101,219 — — — 758 — 101,977 Indirect consumer loans 151,184 — — — 542 — 151,726 Direct consumer loans 18,639 — — — 43 — 18,682 Total $ 464,769 $ 665,828 $ 2,095 $ 12,496 $ 22,102 $ 4,213 $ 1,171,503 The Corporation considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for loan losses. For residential and consumer loan classes, the Corporation also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and non-accrual troubled debt restructurings. The following table presents the recorded investment in residential and consumer loans based on payment activity as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 Consumer Loans Residential Mortgages Credit Card Home Equity Lines and Loans Indirect Consumer Loans Other Direct Consumer Loans Performing $ 194,764 $ 1,476 $ 97,183 $ 139,339 $ 16,967 Non-Performing 4,201 — 1,670 654 45 Total $ 198,965 $ 1,476 $ 98,853 $ 139,993 $ 17,012 December 31, 2015 Consumer Loans Residential Mortgages Credit Card Home Equity Lines and Loans Indirect Consumer Loans Other Direct Consumer Loans Performing $ 192,626 $ 1,482 $ 101,219 $ 151,184 $ 18,639 Non-Performing 3,610 — 758 542 43 Total $ 196,236 $ 1,482 $ 101,977 $ 151,726 $ 18,682 At the time of the merger with Fort Orange Financial Corp., the Corporation identified certain loans with evidence of deteriorated credit quality, and the probability that the Corporation would be unable to collect all contractually required payments from the borrower. These loans are classified as PCI loans. The Corporation adjusted its estimates of future expected losses, cash flows, and renewal assumptions on the PCI loans during the current year. These adjustments were made for changes in expected cash flows due to loans refinanced beyond original maturity dates, impairments recognized subsequent to the acquisition, advances made for taxes or insurance to protect collateral held and payments received in excess of amounts originally expected. The tables below summarize the changes in total contractually required principal and interest cash payments, management’s estimate of expected total cash payments and carrying value of the PCI loans from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 (in thousands): Balance at Income Accretion All Other Adjustments Balance at Contractually required principal and interest $ 2,912 $ — $ (972 ) $ 1,940 Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected (non accretable discount) (506 ) — 154 (352 ) Cash flows expected to be collected 2,406 — (818 ) 1,588 Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable yield) (311 ) 112 29 (170 ) Recorded investment in loans acquired with deteriorating credit quality $ 2,095 $ 112 $ (789 ) $ 1,418 Balance at Income Accretion All Other Adjustments Balance at Contractually required principal and interest $ 3,621 $ — $ (709 ) $ 2,912 Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected (non accretable discount) (570 ) — 64 (506 ) Cash flows expected to be collected 3,051 — (645 ) 2,406 Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable yield) (420 ) 174 (65 ) (311 ) Recorded investment in loans acquired with deteriorating credit quality $ 2,631 $ 174 $ (710 ) $ 2,095 Balance at Income Accretion All Other Adjustments Balance at Contractually required principal and interest $ 11,230 $ — $ (7,609 ) $ 3,621 Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected (non accretable discount) (543 ) — (27 ) (570 ) Cash flows expected to be collected 10,687 — (7,636 ) 3,051 Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable yield) (991 ) 515 56 (420 ) Recorded investment in loans acquired with deteriorating credit quality $ 9,696 $ 515 $ (7,580 ) $ 2,631 For those purchased credit impaired loans disclosed above, the Corporation decreased the allowance for loan losses by $15 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2016, increased the allowance for loan losses by $5 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2016, and decreased the allowance for loan losses by $1.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2014 . For those purchased credit impaired loans disclosed above, the Corporation did not reverse any allowance for loan losses during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and reversed $5 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2014 . |