Cover Page
Cover Page - USD ($) | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2023 | Feb. 16, 2024 | |
Cover [Abstract] | ||
Document Type | 10-K | |
Document Annual Report | true | |
Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Document Transition Report | false | |
Entity File Number | 001-11241 | |
Entity Registrant Name | CATERPILLAR FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION | |
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code | DE | |
Entity Tax Identification Number | 37-1105865 | |
Entity Address, Address Line One | 2120 West End Ave. | |
Entity Address, City or Town | Nashville | |
Entity Address, State or Province | TN | |
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 37203-0001 | |
City Area Code | 615 | |
Local Phone Number | 341-1000 | |
Title of 12(b) Security | Medium-Term Notes, Series H,3.300% Notes Due 2024 | |
Trading Symbol | CAT/24 | |
Security Exchange Name | NYSE | |
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | Yes | |
Entity Voluntary Filers | No | |
Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes | |
Entity Interactive Data Current | Yes | |
Entity Filer Category | Non-accelerated Filer | |
Entity Small Business | false | |
Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | |
Entity Shell Company | false | |
Entity Public Float | $ 0 | |
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 1 | |
Entity Central Index Key | 0000764764 | |
Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | |
Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY | |
Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2023 | |
Amendment Flag | false | |
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] | false | |
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag | true |
Audit Information
Audit Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Audit Information [Abstract] | |
Auditor Name | PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
Auditor Location | Nashville, Tennessee |
Auditor Firm ID | 238 |
Consolidated Statements of Prof
Consolidated Statements of Profit - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Revenues: | |||
Retail finance | $ 1,464 | $ 1,229 | $ 1,197 |
Operating lease | 905 | 888 | 942 |
Wholesale finance | 684 | 441 | 314 |
Other, net | 195 | 176 | 109 |
Total revenues | 3,248 | 2,734 | 2,562 |
Expenses: | |||
Interest | 1,033 | 566 | 455 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 713 | 718 | 755 |
General, operating and administrative | 588 | 531 | 528 |
Provision for credit losses | 49 | 81 | 70 |
Other | 33 | 24 | 36 |
Total expenses | 2,416 | 1,920 | 1,844 |
Other income (expense) | (72) | (83) | (23) |
Profit before income taxes | 760 | 731 | 695 |
Provision for income taxes | 192 | 189 | 178 |
Profit of consolidated companies | 568 | 542 | 517 |
Less: Profit attributable to noncontrolling interests | 5 | 7 | 12 |
Profit attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation | $ 563 | $ 535 | $ 505 |
Consolidated Statements of Comp
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||
Profit of consolidated companies | $ 568 | $ 542 | $ 517 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 9): | |||
Foreign currency translation | 67 | (318) | (209) |
Derivative financial instruments | (3) | 33 | 32 |
Total Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 64 | (285) | (177) |
Comprehensive income (loss) | 632 | 257 | 340 |
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 0 | (5) | 14 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation | $ 632 | $ 262 | $ 326 |
Consolidated Statements of Fina
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Assets: | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 727 | $ 868 |
Finance receivables, net of Allowance for credit losses of $331 and $346 | 27,746 | 26,441 |
Equipment on operating leases, net | 3,014 | 2,911 |
Other assets | 1,098 | 1,255 |
Total assets | 33,112 | 31,957 |
Liabilities and shareholder’s equity: | ||
Payable to dealers and others | 157 | 163 |
Payable to Caterpillar – borrowings and other | 137 | 124 |
Accrued expenses | 511 | 380 |
Short-term borrowings | 4,643 | 5,954 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 7,719 | 5,202 |
Long-term debt | 15,893 | 16,216 |
Other liabilities | 882 | 955 |
Total liabilities | 29,942 | 28,994 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 10) | ||
Common stock - $1 par value Authorized: 2,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: one share (at paid-in amount) | 745 | 745 |
Additional paid-in capital | 2 | 2 |
Retained earnings | 3,327 | 3,109 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (978) | (1,047) |
Noncontrolling interests | 74 | 154 |
Total shareholder’s equity | 3,170 | 2,963 |
Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity | 33,112 | 31,957 |
Caterpillar | ||
Assets: | ||
Notes receivable from Caterpillar | 527 | 482 |
Liabilities and shareholder’s equity: | ||
Payable to dealers and others | $ 113 | $ 101 |
Consolidated Statements of Fi_2
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
Allowance for credit losses | $ 331 | $ 346 |
Shareholder's Equity: | ||
Common stock - par value | $ 1 | $ 1 |
Common stock - authorized | 2,000 | 2,000 |
Common stock - issued | 1 | 1 |
Common stock - outstanding | 1 | 1 |
Consolidated Statements of Chan
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions | Total | Common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Noncontrolling interests |
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020 | $ 3,491 | $ 745 | $ 2 | $ 3,167 | $ (595) | $ 172 |
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholder's Equity [Roll Forward] | ||||||
Profit of consolidated companies | 517 | 505 | 12 | |||
Dividend paid to Caterpillar | (850) | (823) | (27) | |||
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | (209) | (211) | 2 | |||
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax | 32 | 32 | ||||
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 | 2,981 | 745 | 2 | 2,849 | (774) | 159 |
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholder's Equity [Roll Forward] | ||||||
Profit of consolidated companies | 542 | 535 | 7 | |||
Dividend paid to Caterpillar | (275) | (275) | ||||
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | (318) | (306) | (12) | |||
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax | 33 | 33 | ||||
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 | 2,963 | 745 | 2 | 3,109 | (1,047) | 154 |
Increase (Decrease) in Shareholder's Equity [Roll Forward] | ||||||
Profit of consolidated companies | 568 | 563 | 5 | |||
Dividend paid to Caterpillar | (425) | (345) | (80) | |||
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | 67 | 72 | (5) | |||
Derivative financial instruments, net of tax | (3) | (3) | ||||
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 | $ 3,170 | $ 745 | $ 2 | $ 3,327 | $ (978) | $ 74 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | |||
Profit of consolidated companies | $ 568 | $ 542 | $ 517 |
Adjustments for non-cash items: | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 728 | 732 | 770 |
Accretion of Caterpillar purchased receivable revenue | (617) | (417) | (301) |
Provision for credit losses | 49 | 81 | 70 |
Other, net | (25) | 130 | 90 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | |||
Other assets | 76 | 148 | 59 |
Payable to dealers and others | 29 | 38 | 32 |
Accrued expenses | 77 | 20 | (86) |
Other payables with Caterpillar | 12 | 27 | 8 |
Other liabilities | (93) | (46) | 30 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 804 | 1,255 | 1,189 |
Cash flows from investing activities: | |||
Expenditures for equipment on operating leases | (1,277) | (1,121) | (1,202) |
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment on operating leases | (20) | (18) | (14) |
Proceeds from disposals of equipment | 668 | 756 | 1,041 |
Additions to finance receivables | (17,250) | (14,217) | (13,836) |
Collections of finance receivables | 15,613 | 14,061 | 13,342 |
Net changes in Caterpillar purchased receivables | 1,080 | 492 | (609) |
Proceeds from sales of receivables | 63 | 57 | 51 |
Net change in variable lending to Caterpillar | (77) | (2) | 13 |
Additions to other notes receivable from Caterpillar | (19) | (139) | (115) |
Collections of other notes receivable from Caterpillar | 52 | 46 | 69 |
Settlements of undesignated derivatives | (10) | (87) | (3) |
Other, net | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (1,177) | (172) | (1,262) |
Cash flows from financing activities: | |||
Net change in variable lending from Caterpillar | 1 | 0 | (1,000) |
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months) | 8,277 | 6,674 | 6,495 |
Payments on debt issued (original maturities greater than three months) | (6,232) | (7,703) | (7,877) |
Short-term borrowings, net (original maturities three months or less) | (1,342) | 540 | 3,489 |
Dividend paid to Caterpillar | (425) | (275) | (850) |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 279 | (764) | 257 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (47) | (63) | 5 |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (141) | 256 | 189 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | 870 | 614 | 425 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year | 729 | 870 | 614 |
Cash paid for interest | 960 | 544 | 472 |
Cash paid for taxes, net | $ 210 | 254 | 143 |
Cash and cash equivalents policy | All short-term investments, which consist primarily of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, are considered to be cash equivalents. | ||
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ 2 | $ 2 | $ 4 |
Summary of Significant Accounti
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES A. Nature of Operations Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation was organized in 1981 in the State of Delaware (together with its subsidiaries, “Cat Financial,” “the Company,” “we” or “our”). We are a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. (together with its other subsidiaries, “Caterpillar” or “Cat”). We provide retail and wholesale financing alternatives to customers and dealers around the world for Caterpillar products and services, as well as financing for power generation facilities that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products. Retail financing is primarily comprised of installment sale contracts and other equipment-related loans, working capital loans, finance leases, operating leases and revolving charge accounts. Wholesale financing to Caterpillar dealers consists primarily of inventory and rental fleet financing. In addition, we purchase short-term wholesale trade receivables from Caterpillar. The various financing plans offered by Cat Financial are designed to support sales of Caterpillar products and generate financing income for Cat Financial. We conduct a significant portion of our activities in North America with additional offices and subsidiaries in Latin America, Asia/Pacific, Europe and Africa. B. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cat Financial and consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs). We consolidate all VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary. For VIEs, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs. Please refer to Note 10 for more information. We have customers and dealers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Our maximum exposure to loss from our involvement with these VIEs is limited to the credit risk inherently present in the financial support that we have provided. Credit risk was evaluated and reflected in our financial statements as part of our overall portfolio of finance receivables and related allowance for credit losses. In the current period we identified a misclassification between Noncontrolling interests and Retained earnings related to certain dividends we paid to Caterpillar in 2019 and 2021. We have determined that the impact was not material to any previously filed financial statements and have revised the reported balances to correct for the misclassification. The impact of the revisions was a $52 million increase in Retained earnings and offsetting $52 million decrease in Noncontrolling interests as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, and a $25 million increase in Retained earnings and offsetting $25 million decrease in Noncontrolling interests as of December 31, 2020. There was no impact on total equity or any other line items within the financial statements. C. Finance Receivables Finance receivables are generally classified as held for investment and recorded at amortized cost given that we have the intent and ability to hold them for the foreseeable future. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding plus accrued interest less write-downs, net of unamortized purchase discounts and deferred fees and costs. D. Revenue Recognition We record finance revenue over the life of the related finance receivables using the interest method, including the accretion of purchased receivables discount and related fee revenue, upfront fees and certain direct origination costs that are deferred. Operating lease revenue is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We suspend recognition of finance revenue and operating lease revenue and place the account on non-accrual status when management determines that collection of future income is not probable (generally after 120 days past due). We resume recognition of revenue and recognize previously suspended income when we consider collection of remaining amounts to be probable. Payments received while the finance receivable is on non-accrual status are applied to interest and principal in accordance with the contractual terms. We write off interest earned but uncollected prior to the receivables being placed on non-accrual status through Provision for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, we consider it to be uncollectible. We participate in certain marketing programs offered in conjunction with Caterpillar and/or Caterpillar dealers that allow us to periodically offer financing to customers at interest rates that are below market rates. Under these marketing programs, Caterpillar and/or the dealer funds an amount at the outset of the transaction, which we then recognize as finance revenue over the term of the financing. The funds we receive from Caterpillar and/or the dealer equal an amount that when combined with the customer’s contractual interest provides us with a market interest rate. Other revenue includes: (1) late charges, (2) fee revenue, primarily commitment fees, (3) gains and losses on sales of returned or repossessed equipment, (4) impairments on returned or repossessed equipment held for sale, (5) gains and losses on loan and lease sales and (6) other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenue items are recognized in accordance with relevant authoritative pronouncements. E. Equipment on Operating Leases We typically pay property taxes on operating leases directly to the taxing authorities and invoice the lessee for reimbursement. These property tax reimbursements are accounted for as variable lease payments and are included in Operating lease revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. We individually assess our operating lease receivables for impairment. If collectability of a recorded operating lease receivable is not considered probable, we recognize a current-period adjustment against operating lease revenue. F. Depreciation We recognize depreciation for equipment on operating leases using the straight-line method over the lease term, typically one seven G. Residual Values The residual values for operating leases are included in Equipment on operating leases, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The residual values for finance leases are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. During the term of our leases, we monitor residual values. For operating leases, we record adjustments to depreciation expense reflecting changes in residual value estimates prospectively on a straight-line basis. For finance leases, we recognize residual value adjustments through a reduction of finance revenue over the remaining lease term. We evaluate the carrying value of equipment on operating leases for potential impairment when we determine a triggering event has occurred. When a triggering event occurs, we perform a test for recoverability by comparing projected undiscounted future cash flows to the carrying value of the equipment on operating leases. If the test for recoverability identifies a possible impairment, we measure the fair value of the equipment on operating leases in accordance with the fair value measurement framework. We recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value of the equipment on operating leases exceeds its estimated fair value. H. Derivative Financial Instruments Our earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate exposures. Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes. The derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts and interest rate contracts. All derivatives are recorded at fair value. See Note 8 for additional information. I. Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected losses over the life of our finance receivables portfolio calculated using loss forecast models that take into consideration historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions and forecasts and scenarios that capture country and industry-specific economic factors. In addition, we consider qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models, including borrower-specific and company-specific factors. These qualitative factors are subjective and require a degree of management judgment. We measure the allowance for credit losses on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when we determine that similar risk characteristics do not exist. We identify finance receivables for individual evaluation based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables’ effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivables. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. See Note 2 for a description of our portfolio segments and allowance methodologies. Receivable balances, including accrued interest, are written off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible (generally upon repossession of the collateral). Generally, the amount of the write-off is determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, to the amortized cost of the receivable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses when received. J. Income Taxes We determine the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability approach taking into account guidance related to uncertain tax positions. Tax laws require items to be included in tax filings at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. We recognize a current liability for the estimated taxes payable for the current year. Deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. We adjust deferred taxes for enacted changes in tax rates and tax laws. We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. See Note 11 for further discussion. We join Caterpillar in the filing of a consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return and certain state income tax returns. In accordance with our tax sharing agreement with Caterpillar, we generally pay to or receive from Caterpillar our allocated share of income taxes or credits reflected in these consolidated filings. This amount is calculated on a separate return basis by taking taxable income times the applicable statutory tax rate and includes payment for certain tax attributes earned during the year. K. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency for most of our subsidiaries is the respective local currency. We include gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of foreign currency amounts to the functional currency in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. We include gains and losses resulting from translating assets and liabilities from the functional currency to U.S. dollars in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. L. Estimates in Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. Significant estimates include residual values for leased assets, allowance for credit losses and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates. M. New Accounting Pronouncements Adoption of New Accounting Standards We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (ASUs). We adopted the following ASU effective January 1, 2023, which did not have a material impact on our financial statements: ASU Description 2022-02 Credit Losses Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted Segment reporting (ASU 2023-07) - In November 2023, the FASB issued accounting guidance that requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments which includes significant segment expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment. The guidance is effective January 1, 2024, and will be adopted retrospectively. The adoption will result in incremental disclosures related to reportable segments in the 2024 year-end financial statements and interim periods beginning in 2025. We are in the process of evaluating the effect of this new guidance on the related disclosures. Income tax reporting (ASU 2023-09) - In December 2023, the FASB issued accounting guidance to expand the annual disclosure requirements for income taxes, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. This guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are in the process of evaluating the effect of this new guidance on the related disclosures. We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. We assessed ASUs not listed above and determined that they either were not applicable or were not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements. |
Finance Receivables
Finance Receivables | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Receivables [Abstract] | |
Finance Receivables | FINANCE RECEIVABLES A summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Retail loans (1) $ 16,501 $ 14,973 Retail leases 6,554 6,965 Caterpillar purchased receivables 3,949 4,297 Wholesale loans (1) 1,069 545 Wholesale leases 4 7 Total finance receivables 28,077 26,787 Less: Allowance for credit losses (331) (346) Total finance receivables, net $ 27,746 $ 26,441 (1) Includes failed sale leasebacks. Maturities of our finance receivables, as of December 31, 2023, reflect contractual repayments due from borrowers and were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Amounts due in Retail Retail Caterpillar Wholesale Wholesale Total 2024 $ 7,316 $ 2,603 $ 3,986 $ 769 $ 1 $ 14,675 2025 4,207 1,749 — 112 1 6,069 2026 2,884 1,063 — 145 — 4,092 2027 1,571 505 — 11 — 2,087 2028 719 179 — 1 — 899 Thereafter 170 47 — — — 217 Total 16,867 6,146 3,986 1,038 2 28,039 Guaranteed residual value (1) 10 415 — 33 1 459 Unguaranteed residual value (1) 1 634 — 2 1 638 Unearned income (377) (641) (37) (4) — (1,059) Total $ 16,501 $ 6,554 $ 3,949 $ 1,069 $ 4 $ 28,077 (1) For Retail loans and Wholesale loans, represents residual value on failed sale leasebacks. Our finance receivables generally may be repaid or refinanced without penalty prior to contractual maturity and we also sell finance receivables to third parties to mitigate the concentration of credit risk with certain customers. Finance leases Revenues from finance leases were $419 million, $429 million and $481 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively, and are included in retail and wholesale finance revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. The residual values for finance leases are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Residual value adjustments are recognized through a reduction of finance revenue over the remaining lease term. Allowance for credit losses Portfolio segments A portfolio segment is the level at which we develop a systematic methodology for determining our allowance for credit losses. Our portfolio segments and related methods for estimating expected credit losses are as follows: Customer We provide loans and finance leases to end-user customers primarily for the purpose of financing new and used Caterpillar machinery, engines and equipment for commercial use. We also provide financing for power generation facilities that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products. The average original term of our customer finance receivable portfolio was approximately 51 months with an average remaining term of approximately 27 months as of December 31, 2023. We typically maintain a security interest in financed equipment and we generally require physical damage insurance coverage on the financed equipment, both of which provide us with certain rights and protections. If our collection efforts fail to bring a defaulted account current, we generally can repossess the financed equipment, after satisfying local legal requirements, and sell it within the Caterpillar dealer network or through third-party auctions. We estimate the allowance for credit losses related to our customer finance receivables based on loss forecast models utilizing probabilities of default and our estimated loss given default based on past loss experience adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts capturing country and industry-specific economic factors. During the year ended December 31, 2023, our forecasts reflected a continuation of the trend of relatively low unemployment rates as well as low delinquencies within our portfolio. However, industry delinquencies show an increasing trend as the central bank actions aimed at reducing inflation have weakened global economic growth. We believe the economic forecasts employed represent reasonable and supportable forecasts, followed by a reversion to long-term trends. Dealer We provide financing to Caterpillar dealers in the form of wholesale financing plans. Our wholesale financing plans provide assistance to dealers by financing their mostly new Caterpillar equipment inventory and rental fleets on a secured and unsecured basis. In addition, we provide a variety of secured and unsecured loans to Caterpillar dealers. We estimate the allowance for credit losses for dealer finance receivables based on historical loss rates with consideration of current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In general, our Dealer portfolio segment has not historically experienced large increases or decreases in credit losses based on changes in economic conditions due to our close working relationships with the dealers and their financial strength. Therefore, we made no adjustments to historical loss rates during the year ended December 31, 2023. Caterpillar Purchased Receivables We purchase receivables from Caterpillar, primarily related to the sale of equipment and parts to dealers. Caterpillar purchased receivables are non-interest-bearing short-term trade receivables that are purchased at a discount. We estimate the allowance for credit losses for Caterpillar purchased receivables based on historical loss rates with consideration of current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In general, our Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment has not historically experienced large increases or decreases in credit losses based on changes in economic conditions due to the short-term maturities of the receivables, our close working relationships with the dealers and their financial strength. Therefore, we made no adjustments to historical loss rates during the year ended December 31, 2023. Classes of finance receivables We further evaluate our portfolio segments by the class of finance receivables, which is defined as a level of information (below a portfolio segment) in which the finance receivables have the same initial measurement attribute and a similar method for assessing and monitoring credit risk. Our classes, which align with management reporting for credit losses, are as follows: • North America - Finance receivables originated in the United States and Canada. • EAME - Finance receivables originated in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Eurasia. • Asia/Pacific - Finance receivables originated in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India. • Mining - Finance receivables related to large mining customers worldwide. • Latin America - Finance receivables originated in Mexico and Central and South American countries. • Power - Finance receivables originated worldwide related to Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems. An analysis of the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Allowance for Credit Losses: Customer Dealer Caterpillar Total Customer Dealer Caterpillar Total Beginning Balance $ 277 $ 65 $ 4 $ 346 $ 251 $ 82 $ 4 $ 337 Write-offs (115) — — (115) (108) — — (108) Recoveries 50 — — 50 62 — — 62 Provision for credit losses (1) 61 (14) — 47 75 (17) — 58 Other 3 — — 3 (3) — — (3) Ending Balance $ 276 $ 51 $ 4 $ 331 $ 277 $ 65 $ 4 $ 346 Finance Receivables $ 21,177 $ 2,951 $ 3,949 $ 28,077 $ 20,353 $ 2,137 $ 4,297 $ 26,787 (1) Excludes provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments and other miscellaneous receivables. Gross write-offs by origination year for the Customer portfolio segment were as follows: (Millions of Dollars) Year Ended December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total North America $ 2 $ 11 $ 11 $ 5 $ 3 $ 2 $ 12 $ 46 EAME 1 5 6 4 1 — — 17 Asia/Pacific 2 5 8 5 1 — — 21 Latin America — 8 5 6 1 10 — 30 Power — — — — — 1 — 1 Total $ 5 $ 29 $ 30 $ 20 $ 6 $ 13 $ 12 $ 115 Credit quality of finance receivables At origination, we evaluate credit risk based on a variety of credit quality factors including prior payment experience, customer financial information, credit ratings, loan-to-value ratios, probabilities of default, industry trends, macroeconomic factors and other internal metrics. On an ongoing basis, we monitor credit quality based on past-due status as there is a meaningful correlation between the past-due status of customers and the risk of loss. In determining past-due status, we consider the entire finance receivable past due when any installment is over 30 days past due. Customer The tables below summarize the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment by origination year. (Millions of dollars) December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total North America Current $ 4,430 $ 2,628 $ 2,000 $ 745 $ 220 $ 32 $ 312 $ 10,367 31-60 days past due 28 31 24 14 7 1 4 109 61-90 days past due 10 11 8 4 1 — 2 36 91+ days past due 12 23 18 9 4 1 2 69 EAME Current 1,336 895 588 258 111 105 — 3,293 31-60 days past due 10 9 7 3 1 — — 30 61-90 days past due 4 3 3 1 1 — — 12 91+ days past due 7 17 15 8 3 1 — 51 Asia/Pacific Current 1,134 690 368 115 37 7 45 2,396 31-60 days past due 5 7 8 2 — — — 22 61-90 days past due 2 3 3 2 — — — 10 91+ days past due 1 5 3 3 1 — — 13 Mining Current 1,106 694 396 126 86 27 66 2,501 31-60 days past due — — — — — — — — 61-90 days past due — — — — 1 1 — 2 91+ days past due — — 1 — — 1 — 2 Latin America Current 750 520 219 59 23 6 — 1,577 31-60 days past due 9 10 6 1 — — — 26 61-90 days past due 2 4 1 — — — — 7 91+ days past due 2 10 8 5 8 11 — 44 Power Current 152 52 65 75 42 59 162 607 31-60 days past due — — — — — — — — 61-90 days past due — — — — — — — — 91+ days past due — — — — — 3 — 3 Totals by Aging Category Current 8,908 5,479 3,636 1,378 519 236 585 20,741 31-60 days past due 52 57 45 20 8 1 4 187 61-90 days past due 18 21 15 7 3 1 2 67 91+ days past due 22 55 45 25 16 17 2 182 Total $ 9,000 $ 5,612 $ 3,741 $ 1,430 $ 546 $ 255 $ 593 $ 21,177 (Millions of dollars) December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Total North America Current $ 3,915 $ 3,276 $ 1,525 $ 653 $ 206 $ 34 $ 240 $ 9,849 31-60 days past due 25 26 18 12 4 1 4 90 61-90 days past due 9 15 7 3 1 — 3 38 91+ days past due 11 16 12 6 4 3 4 56 EAME Current 1,270 953 477 280 155 68 — 3,203 31-60 days past due 10 12 7 1 1 — — 31 61-90 days past due 8 4 3 1 — — — 16 91+ days past due 6 25 16 4 1 1 — 53 Asia/Pacific Current 1,174 805 393 124 37 5 40 2,578 31-60 days past due 10 12 8 1 1 — — 32 61-90 days past due 2 5 4 2 — — — 13 91+ days past due 2 6 6 4 — — — 18 Mining Current 875 627 227 193 94 108 80 2,204 31-60 days past due — 1 — — — — — 1 61-90 days past due — — — — — — — — 91+ days past due — — — — — 1 — 1 Latin America Current 770 400 150 69 26 20 — 1,435 31-60 days past due 7 8 4 2 — 1 — 22 61-90 days past due 2 5 1 1 — — — 9 91+ days past due 2 13 11 2 1 — — 29 Power Current 82 87 146 51 18 161 125 670 31-60 days past due — — — — — — — — 61-90 days past due — — — — — — — — 91+ days past due — — — — — 5 — 5 Totals by Aging Category Current 8,086 6,148 2,918 1,370 536 396 485 19,939 31-60 days past due 52 59 37 16 6 2 4 176 61-90 days past due 21 29 15 7 1 — 3 76 91+ days past due 21 60 45 16 6 10 4 162 Total $ 8,180 $ 6,296 $ 3,015 $ 1,409 $ 549 $ 408 $ 496 $ 20,353 Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment are substantially secured by collateral, primarily in the form of Caterpillar and other equipment. For those contracts where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, repayment of the outstanding amounts is generally expected to be provided through the operation or repossession and sale of the equipment. Dealer As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our total amortized cost of finance receivables within the Dealer portfolio segment was current, with the exception of $47 million and $62 million, respectively, that was 91+ days past due in Latin America, all of which was originated prior to 2018. Caterpillar Purchased Receivables The tables below summarize the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment as of December 31. (Millions of dollars) 2023 31-60 61-90 91+ Total Current Total Finance North America $ 15 $ 5 $ 4 $ 24 $ 2,212 $ 2,236 EAME 3 1 1 5 732 737 Asia/Pacific 2 — — 2 593 595 Latin America 1 4 18 23 348 371 Power — — — — 10 10 Total $ 21 $ 10 $ 23 $ 54 $ 3,895 $ 3,949 (Millions of dollars) 2022 31-60 61-90 91+ Total Current Total Finance North America $ 11 $ 7 $ 4 $ 22 $ 2,458 $ 2,480 EAME 1 — 2 3 812 815 Asia/Pacific 6 2 2 10 555 565 Latin America 9 2 14 25 406 431 Power 1 — — 1 5 6 Total $ 28 $ 11 $ 22 $ 61 $ 4,236 $ 4,297 Non-accrual finance receivables In our Customer portfolio segment, finance receivables which were on non-accrual status and finance receivables over 90 days past due and still accruing income as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Non-accrual Non-accrual 91+ Still Non-accrual Non-accrual 91+ Still North America $ 52 $ — $ 20 $ 52 $ 4 $ 11 EAME 34 — 18 43 — 10 Asia/Pacific 8 — 5 11 — 7 Mining 2 — — — 1 — Latin America 48 — 1 45 — — Power 8 — — 5 11 — Total $ 152 $ — $ 44 $ 156 $ 16 $ 28 There were $47 million and $62 million, respectively, in finance receivables in our Dealer portfolio segment on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, all of which was in Latin America. Modifications We periodically modify the terms of our finance receivable agreements in response to borrowers’ financial difficulty. Typically, the types of modifications granted are payment deferrals, interest only payment periods and/or term extensions. Many modifications we grant are for commercial reasons or for borrowers experiencing some form of short-term financial stress and may result in insignificant payment delays. We do not consider these borrowers to be experiencing financial difficulty. Modifications for borrowers we do consider to be experiencing financial difficulty typically result in payment deferrals and/or reduced payments for a period of four months or longer, term extension of six months or longer or a combination of both. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no finance receivable modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the Dealer or Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segments. The amortized cost basis of finance receivables modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the Customer portfolio segment during the year ended December 31, 2023, was $47 million, or 0.17 percent of our finance receivable portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the financial effects of term extensions for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty added a weighted average of 15 months to the terms of modified contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the financial effects of payment delays for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty resulted in weighted average payment deferral and/or interest only periods of 7 months. After we modify a finance receivable, we continue to track its performance under its most recent modified terms. As of December 31, 2023, all finance receivables modified with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are current except for in EAME where there was $2 million that was 31-60 days past due, $1 million that was 61-90 days past due, and $1 million that was 91+ days past due. The effect of most modifications made to finance receivables for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses based on the methodologies used to estimate the allowance; therefore, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. On rare occasions when principal forgiveness is provided, the amount forgiven is written off against the allowance for credit losses. Troubled debt restructurings Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, a modification constituted a TDR when the lender granted a concession it would not otherwise consider to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions granted may have included extended contract maturities, inclusion of interest only periods, below market interest rates, payment deferrals and reduction of principal and/or accrued interest. There were no finance receivables modified as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 for the Dealer or Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segments. Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2022 2021 Pre-TDR Post-TDR Pre-TDR Amortized Cost Post-TDR North America $ 6 $ 6 $ 6 $ 6 EAME 1 1 3 3 Asia/Pacific — — 4 4 Mining 16 16 11 5 Latin America 22 22 12 12 Power 20 19 26 22 Total $ 65 $ 64 $ 62 $ 52 TDRs in the Customer portfolio segment with a payment default (defined as 91+ days past due) which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2022 2021 Post-TDR Post-TDR North America $ — $ 1 Asia/Pacific — 6 Mining 5 — Latin America — 15 Power — 7 Total $ 5 $ 29 |
Concentration Risk Disclosure, Finance Receivables | Concentration of Credit Risk As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, receivables from customers in construction-related industries made up approximately 40 percent of our total portfolio. No single customer or dealer represented a significant concentration of credit risk. |
Equipment on Operating Leases
Equipment on Operating Leases | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Leases [Abstract] | |
Equipment on Operating Leases | EQUIPMENT ON OPERATING LEASES The carrying amount of Equipment on operating leases, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Equipment on operating leases, at cost $ 4,433 $ 4,321 Less: Accumulated depreciation (1,419) (1,410) Equipment on operating leases, net $ 3,014 $ 2,911 Our lease agreements may include options for the lessee to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term for either a stated fixed price or fair market value. At December 31, 2023, rental payments to be received for equipment on operating leases were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total $ 755 $ 515 $ 282 $ 120 $ 55 $ 10 $ 1,737 |
Other Assets
Other Assets | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Other Assets [Abstract] | |
Other Assets | OTHER ASSETS The components of Other assets as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Customer and other miscellaneous receivables $ 332 $ 419 Collateral held for resale, at net realizable value 119 102 Deferred and refundable income taxes 188 148 Property and equipment, net 135 132 Other (1) 324 454 Total Other assets $ 1,098 $ 1,255 (1) Includes Derivative financial instruments. See Note 8 for additional information. |
Credit Commitments
Credit Commitments | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Credit Commitments [Abstract] | |
Credit Commitments | CREDIT COMMITMENTS Revolving credit facilities As of December 31, 2023, we had three global credit facilities with a syndicate of banks totaling $10.50 billion (Credit Facility) available in the aggregate to both Caterpillar and us for general liquidity purposes. Based on management’s allocation decision, which can be revised from time to time, the portion of the Credit Facility available to us as of December 31, 2023 was $7.75 billion. Information on our Credit Facility is as follows: • The 364-day facility of $3.15 billion (of which $2.33 billion is available to us) expires in August 2024. • The three-year facility, as amended and restated in August 2023, of $2.73 billion (of which $2.01 billion is available to us) expires in August 2026. • The five-year facility, as amended and restated in August 2023, of $4.62 billion (of which $3.41 billion is available to us) expires in August 2028. At December 31, 2023, Caterpillar’s consolidated net worth was $19.55 billion, which was above the $9.00 billion required under the Credit Facility. The consolidated net worth is defined in the Credit Facility as Caterpillar's consolidated shareholders’ equity including preferred stock but excluding the pension and other postretirement benefits balance within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). At December 31, 2023, our covenant interest coverage ratio was 1.73 to 1. This was above the 1.15 to 1 minimum ratio, calculated as (1) profit excluding income taxes, interest expense and net gain (loss) from interest rate derivatives to (2) interest expense, calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter for the prior four consecutive fiscal quarter period, required by the Credit Facility. In addition, at December 31, 2023, our six-month covenant leverage ratio was 6.88 to 1 and our year-end covenant leverage ratio was 6.95 to 1. This was below the maximum ratio of debt to net worth of 10 to 1, calculated (1) on a monthly basis as the average of the leverage ratios determined on the last day of each of the six preceding calendar months and (2) at each December 31, required by the Credit Facility. In the event that either Caterpillar or we do not meet one or more of our respective financial covenants under the Credit Facility in the future (and are unable to obtain a consent or waiver), the syndicate of banks may terminate the commitments allocated to the party that does not meet its covenants. Additionally, in such event, certain of our other lenders under other loan agreements where similar financial covenants or cross default provisions are applicable, may, at their election, choose to pursue remedies under those loan agreements, including accelerating the repayment of outstanding borrowings. At December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings under the Credit Facility. Bank borrowings Available credit lines with banks as of December 31, 2023 totaled $3.54 billion. These committed and uncommitted credit lines, which may be eligible for renewal at various future dates or have no specified expiration date, are used primarily by our non-U.S. subsidiaries for local funding requirements. We may guarantee subsidiary borrowings under these lines. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $853 million and $979 million, respectively, outstanding against these credit lines and were in compliance with all debt covenants under these credit lines. Notes receivable from/payable to Caterpillar Under our variable amount and term lending agreements and other notes receivable with Caterpillar, we may borrow up to $2.44 billion from Caterpillar and Caterpillar may borrow up to $2.14 billion from us. The variable amount lending agreements are in effect for indefinite periods of time and may be changed or terminated by either party with 30 days notice. The term lending agreements have remaining maturities ranging up to ten years. We had notes payable of $24 million and notes receivable of $527 million outstanding under these agreements as of December 31, 2023, compared with notes payable of $23 million and notes receivable of $482 million as of December 31, 2022. |
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-Term Borrowings | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Short-Term Debt [Abstract] | |
Short-Term Borrowings | SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS Short-term borrowings outstanding as of December 31, were comprised of the following: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Commercial paper, net $ 4,069 5.2% $ 5,455 4.2% Bank borrowings and other 330 10.0% 234 11.4% Variable denomination floating rate demand notes 244 5.2% 265 3.4% Total $ 4,643 $ 5,954 |
Long-Term Debt
Long-Term Debt | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Long-Term Debt, Unclassified [Abstract] | |
Long-Term Debt | LONG-TERM DEBT During 2023, we issued $7.95 billion of medium-term notes, of which $5.42 billion were at fixed interest rates and $2.53 billion were floating interest rates, primarily indexed to SOFR. At December 31, 2023, the outstanding medium-term notes had remaining maturities ranging up to 5 years. Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized to Interest expense using the effective yield method over the term of the debt issuance. Medium-term notes, net contain fair value adjustments for debt in a fair value hedge relationship. Long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, was comprised of the following: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Medium-term notes $ 23,165 3.2% $ 20,821 2.2% Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (34) (37) Fair value adjustments (46) (112) Medium-term notes, net 23,085 20,672 Bank borrowings and other 527 6.6% 746 5.3% Total $ 23,612 $ 21,418 Maturities of Long-term debt outstanding (excluding fair value adjustments) as of December 31, 2023, in each of the next five years, are as follows: ( Millions of dollars) 2024 $ 7,719 2025 7,811 2026 5,634 2027 2,479 2028 14 Medium-term notes of $500 million maturing in the first quarter of 2024 were excluded from Current maturities of long-term debt in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2023 due to a $500 million issuance of medium-term notes on January 8, 2024 which mature in 2027. The preceding maturity table reflects the reclassification of $500 million from maturities in 2024 to 2027. |
Derivative Financial Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management | DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate exposures. Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes. The derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts and interest rate contracts. Our derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of our senior financial officers. We present at least annually to our Board of Directors and the Audit Committee of the Caterpillar Board of Directors on our risk management practices, including our use of financial derivative instruments. All derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the derivative instrument is (1) designated as a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge), (2) designated as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows (cash flow hedge) or (3) undesignated. We record in current earnings changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged recognized asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk. We record in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a cash flow hedge, to the extent effective, in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position until we reclassify them to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. We report changes in the fair value of undesignated derivative instruments in current earnings. We classify cash flows from designated derivative financial instruments within the same category as the item being hedged in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We include cash flows from undesignated derivative financial instruments in the investing category in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow. We also formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flow of hedged items. When a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively, in accordance with the derecognition criteria for hedge accounting. Foreign currency exchange rate risk We have balance sheet positions and expected future transactions denominated in foreign currencies, thereby creating exposure to movements in exchange rates. In managing foreign currency risk, our objective is to minimize earnings volatility resulting from conversion and the remeasurement of net foreign currency balance sheet positions and future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our policy allows the use of foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts to offset the risk of currency mismatch between our assets and liabilities and exchange rate risk associated with future transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency forward and option contracts are primarily undesignated. We designate fixed-to-fixed cross currency contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against movements in exchange rates on foreign currency fixed-rate assets and liabilities. Interest rate risk Interest rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed-rate debt. Our practice is to use interest rate contracts to manage our exposure to interest rate changes. We have a match-funding policy that addresses interest rate risk by aligning the interest rate profile (fixed or floating rate and duration) of our debt portfolio with the interest rate profile of our finance receivable portfolio within predetermined ranges on an ongoing basis. In connection with that policy, we use interest rate derivative instruments to modify the debt structure to match assets within the finance receivable portfolio. This matched funding reduces the volatility of margins between interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities, regardless of which direction interest rates move. Our policy allows us to use fixed-to-floating, floating-to-fixed and floating-to-floating interest rate contracts to meet the match-funding objective. We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts as fair value hedges to protect debt against changes in fair value due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We designate most floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts as cash flow hedges to protect against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We have, at certain times, liquidated fixed-to-floating and floating-to-fixed interest rate contracts. We amortize the gains or losses associated with these contracts at the time of liquidation into earnings over the original term of the previously designated hedged item. The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Assets 1 Liabilities 2 Assets 1 Liabilities 2 Designated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts $ 207 $ (73) $ 305 $ (44) Interest rate contracts 50 (68) 87 (113) $ 257 $ (141) $ 392 $ (157) Undesignated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts $ 28 $ (79) $ 25 $ (42) $ 28 $ (79) $ 25 $ (42) (1) Assets are classified in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as Other assets. (2) Liabilities are classified in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as Accrued expenses. The total notional amount of our derivative instruments was $15.73 billion and $13.18 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The notional amounts of derivative financial instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. We calculate the amounts exchanged by the parties by referencing the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Gains (Losses) on derivative instruments for the years ended December 31, are categorized as follows: (Millions of dollars) Fair Value / Cash Flow Hedges Gains (Losses) Recognized 1 Gains (Losses) Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI 2 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange contracts $ (39) $ (111) $ 89 $ (22) $ 310 $ 190 $ (68) $ 370 $ 194 Interest rate contracts (75) (7) 24 9 111 19 58 14 (28) $ (114) $ (118) $ 113 $ (13) $ 421 $ 209 $ (10) $ 384 $ 166 (1) Foreign exchange contract gains (losses) are primarily from undesignated forward contracts and are included in Other income (expense). Interest rate contract gains (losses) are from designated fair value hedges and are included in Interest expense. (2) Foreign exchange contract gains (losses) are primarily included in Other income (expense). Interest rate contract gains (losses) are included in Interest expense. The following amounts were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges as of December 31: (Millions of dollars) Carry Value of Cumulative Amount of Fair Value 2023 2022 2023 2022 Current maturities of long-term debt $ 982 $ — $ (23) $ — Long-term debt 2,128 2,091 (23) (112) Total $ 3,110 $ 2,091 $ (46) $ (112) As of December 31, 2023, $19 million of deferred net gains, net of tax, included in equity (AOCI in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position), related to our cash flow hedges, are expected to be reclassified to earnings over the next twelve months. The actual amount recorded in earnings will vary based on interest rates and exchange rates at the time the hedged transactions impact earnings. We enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association master netting agreements that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under their respective derivative contracts. Under these master netting agreements, net settlement generally permits us or the counterparty to determine the net amount payable for contracts due on the same date and in the same currency for similar types of derivative transactions. The master netting agreements may also provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with a counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event. Collateral is typically not required of the counterparties or us under the master netting agreements. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, no cash collateral was received or pledged under the master netting agreements. The effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or a termination event as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Gross amounts recognized $ 285 $ (220) $ 417 $ (199) Financial instruments not offset (106) 106 (108) 108 Net amount $ 179 $ (114) $ 309 $ (91) |
Concentration Risk Disclosure, Derivatives | Concentration of Credit Risk Our exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties is limited to only those gains that we have recorded, but for which we have not yet received cash payment. The master netting agreements reduce the amount of loss the company would incur should the counterparties fail to meet their obligations. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the maximum exposure to credit loss, was $285 million and $417 million, respectively, before the application of any master netting agreements. |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) We present Comprehensive income (loss) and its components in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity consisted of the following: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Foreign currency translation Balance at beginning of year $ (1,068) $ (762) $ (551) Gains (losses) on foreign currency translation 55 (276) (169) Less: Tax provision/(benefit) (17) 30 42 Net gains (losses) on foreign currency translation 72 (306) (211) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 72 (306) (211) Balance at end of year $ (996) $ (1,068) $ (762) Derivative financial instruments Balance at beginning of year $ 21 $ (12) $ (44) Gains (losses) deferred (13) 421 209 Less: Tax provision/(benefit) (3) 97 24 Net gains (losses) deferred (10) 324 185 (Gains) losses reclassified to earnings 10 (384) (166) Less: Tax (provision)/benefit 3 (93) (13) Net (gains) losses reclassified to earnings 7 (291) (153) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (3) 33 32 Balance at end of year $ 18 $ 21 $ (12) Total Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of year $ (978) $ (1,047) $ (774) |
Commitments and Contingent Liab
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Guarantees We provide credit guarantees and residual value guarantees to third parties for financing and leasing associated with Caterpillar machinery. In addition, we provide standby letters of credit issued to third parties on behalf of our customers. These guarantees and standby letters of credit have varying terms and beneficiaries and are generally secured by customer assets. No significant loss has been experienced or is anticipated under any of these guarantees. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related recorded liability was less than $1 million. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted and without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralized provisions) we could be required to make under the guarantees was $25 million and $26 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We provide guarantees to purchase certain loans of Caterpillar dealers from a special-purpose corporation (SPC) that qualifies as a VIE (see Note 1 for additional information related to the consolidation of VIEs). The purpose of the SPC is to provide short-term working capital loans to Caterpillar dealers. This SPC issues commercial paper and uses the proceeds to fund its loan program. We receive a fee for providing this guarantee. We are the primary beneficiary of the SPC as our guarantees result in us having both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the SPC’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses and therefore we have consolidated the financial statements of the SPC. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the SPC’s assets of $1.35 billion and $971 million, respectively, were primarily comprised of loans to dealers, which are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and the SPC’s liabilities of $1.35 billion and $970 million, respectively, were primarily comprised of commercial paper, which is included in Short-term borrowings in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The assets of the SPC are not available to pay our creditors. We may be obligated to perform under the guarantee if the SPC experiences losses. No loss has been experienced or is anticipated under this loan purchase agreement. Lending commitments We have commitments to extend credit to customers through lines of credit and other pre-approved credit arrangements. We apply the same credit policies and approval process for these commitments as we do for other financing. If credit is extended, collateral is generally required upon funding. The unused commitments to extend credit to customers that are not unconditionally cancellable was $774 million at December 31, 2023. The reserve for credit losses related to these commitments was $25 million at December 31, 2023 and is recorded in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We also have pre-approved lines of credit and other credit arrangements with Caterpillar dealers; however, we generally have the right to unconditionally cancel, alter, or amend the terms at any time. Litigation and claims We are involved in unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of our unresolved legal actions, we believe that these unresolved legal actions will neither individually nor in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity. |
Income Taxes
Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the effective rate for the years ended December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Taxes computed at U.S. statutory rates $ 160 21.0 % $ 154 21.0 % $ 146 21.0 % (Decreases) increases in taxes resulting from: State income tax, net of federal tax 5 0.5 % 4 0.5 % 3 0.4 % Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other than the U.S. rate 21 2.8 % 19 2.6 % 22 3.2 % Valuation allowances (14) (1.8) % 15 2.1 % 5 0.7 % Dividend withholding tax & indefinite reinvestment change 30 4.0 % — — % — — % Foreign currency translation taxed at non- U.S. subsidiaries (10) (1.3) % (4) (0.5) % 3 0.4 % Other, net — — % 1 0.1 % (1) (0.1) % Provision for income taxes $ 192 25.2 % $ 189 25.8 % $ 178 25.6 % Included in the line item above labeled “Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other than the U.S. rate” are the effects of local and U.S. taxes related to earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries and other permanent differences between tax and U.S. GAAP results. The provision for income taxes for 2023 included a decrease in the valuation allowance for non-U.S. deferred tax assets primarily due to a non-cash benefit of $22 million from a non-U.S. subsidiary which has returned to consistent and sustainable profitability. The provision for income taxes for 2023, 2022 and 2021 included an increase in valuation allowance for non-U.S. deferred tax assets due to a decrease in consistent and/or sustainable profitability to support their recognition in certain jurisdictions, resulting in an $8 million, $15 million and $5 million non-cash expense, respectively. The provision for income taxes for 2023 included a tax charge of $30 million for a deferred tax liability for withholding taxes in a non-U.S. jurisdiction where earnings are not considered indefinitely reinvested. Distributions of profits from non-U.S. subsidiaries are not expected to cause a significant incremental U.S. tax impact in the future. However, these distributions may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes if profits are distributed from certain jurisdictions. We have not recorded a deferred tax liability for withholding taxes in non-U.S. jurisdictions where earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested. Undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries of approximately $4 billion are considered indefinitely reinvested. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to indefinitely reinvested profits is not feasible primarily due to our legal entity operating structure and the complexity of U.S. and local tax laws. If management intentions or U.S. tax law changes in the future, there could be an impact on the provision for income taxes to record an incremental tax liability in the period the change occurs. The components of Profit before income taxes for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 U.S. $ 384 $ 439 $ 288 Non-U.S. 376 292 407 Total $ 760 $ 731 $ 695 Profit before income taxes, as shown above, is based on the location of the entity to which such earnings are attributable. Where an entity’s earnings are subject to taxation, however, may not correlate solely to where an entity is located. Thus, the income tax provision shown below as U.S. or non-U.S. may not correspond to the earnings shown above. The components of the Provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Current income tax provision: 2023 2022 2021 U.S. $ 36 $ 116 $ 101 Non-U.S. 150 95 162 State (U.S.) 3 5 5 189 216 268 Deferred income tax provision (benefit): U.S. 33 (36) (56) Non-U.S. (31) 8 (33) State (U.S.) 1 1 (1) 3 (27) (90) Total Provision for income taxes $ 192 $ 189 $ 178 Current income tax provision is the amount of income taxes reported or expected to be reported on our income tax returns. We join Caterpillar in the filing of a consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return and certain state income tax returns. In accordance with our tax sharing agreement with Caterpillar, we generally pay to or receive from Caterpillar our allocated share of income taxes or credits reflected in these consolidated filings. This amount is calculated on a separate return basis by taking taxable income times the applicable statutory tax rate and includes payment for certain tax attributes earned during the year. Income taxes payable were $190 million and $275 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Accounting for income taxes under U.S. GAAP requires individual tax-paying entities of the Company to offset deferred income tax assets and liabilities within each particular tax jurisdiction and present them as a single amount in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Amounts in different tax jurisdictions cannot be offset against each other. The amounts of deferred income taxes at December 31, included in the following lines in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Assets: Other assets $ 144 $ 115 Liabilities: Other liabilities (617) (610) Deferred income taxes, net $ (473) $ (495) Our consolidated deferred income taxes consisted of the following components as of December 31: (Millions of dollars) Deferred income tax assets: 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses $ 95 $ 97 Tax carryforwards 103 93 Revenue timing differences 16 20 214 210 Deferred income tax liabilities: Capital assets, including lease basis differences (430) (461) Deferred income tax on translation adjustment (200) (219) Undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries (16) — (646) (680) Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets (39) (53) Other, net (2) 28 Deferred income taxes, net $ (473) $ (495) At December 31, 2023, deferred tax assets for U.S. state losses of $6 million expire on or before 2040. Of these U.S. state deferred tax assets, $1 million were reduced by valuation allowances. In some U.S. state income tax jurisdictions, we join with other Caterpillar entities in filing combined income tax returns. In other U.S. state income tax jurisdictions, we file on a separate, stand-alone basis. Deferred tax assets for U.S. federal loss carryforwards of $1 million expire before 2027 and were reduced by a full valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets for losses and credit carryforwards of non-U.S. entities of $11 million expire on or before 2034, while the remaining $85 million may be carried over indefinitely. Non-U.S. entities that have not yet demonstrated consistent and/or sustainable profitability to support the recognition of net deferred income tax assets have recorded valuation allowances of $37 million against tax carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. Due to the uncertainty of inflation and foreign exchange rate impacts on taxable income for one of our non-U.S. entities, we believe there is a reasonable possibility that we will need to record a valuation allowance in 2024 against some or all of the $48 million deferred tax asset at December 31, 2023. The potential amounts of the valuation allowance changes are dependent on the entity’s future taxable income. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized income tax benefits for uncertain income tax positions, including positions impacting only the timing of income tax benefits was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Reconciliation of unrecognized income tax benefits (1) : Balance at beginning of year $ 127 $ 131 $ 119 Additions for income tax positions related to current year — — 2 Additions for income tax positions related to prior year — — 10 Reductions for income tax positions related to prior year (2) — — Reductions for income tax positions related to settlements (6) (4) — Balance at end of year $ 119 $ 127 $ 131 Amount that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate $ 119 $ 127 $ 131 (1) Foreign currency translation amounts are included within each line as applicable. We classify interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of the provision for income taxes. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, interest and penalties were not material. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total amount of accrued interest and penalties was $6 million and $3 million, respectively. |
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |
Fair Value Measurements | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS A. Fair Value Measurements The guidance on fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This guidance also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. In accordance with this guidance, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy: • Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. • Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets. • Level 3 – Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable. When available, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value and we classify such measurements within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, we make use of observable market-based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuations in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates, yield curves and currency rates. These measurements are classified within Level 3. We classify fair value measurements according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation. We may therefore classify a measurement within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable. Fair value measurement includes the consideration of nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk refers to the risk that an obligation (either by a counterparty or us) will not be fulfilled. For financial assets traded in an active market, the nonperformance risk is included in the market price. For certain other financial assets and liabilities, our fair value calculations have been adjusted accordingly. Derivative financial instruments The fair value of interest rate contracts is primarily based on a standard industry accepted valuation model that utilizes the appropriate market-based forward swap curves and zero-coupon interest rates to determine discounted cash flows. The fair value of foreign currency forward and cross currency contracts is based on standard industry accepted valuation models that discount cash flows resulting from the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate. Derivative financial instruments are measured on a recurring basis at fair value and are classified as Level 2 measurements. We had derivative financial instruments included in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position in a net asset position of $65 million and $218 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 8 for additional information. Loans measured at fair value Certain loans are subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are classified as Level 3 measurements. A loan is measured at fair value when management determines that collection of contractual amounts due is not probable and the loan is individually evaluated. In these cases, an allowance for credit losses may be established based either on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables’ effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivable. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We had loans carried at fair value of $55 million and $68 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. B. Fair Values of Financial Instruments Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash (included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position), and Short-term borrowings (see Note 6) are classified as Level 1 measurements and carrying amount approximates fair value. We use the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments not carried at fair value: • Finance receivables, net – We estimate fair value by discounting the future cash flows using current rates representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities. • Long-term debt – We estimate fair value for fixed and floating-rate debt based on quoted market prices. Fair values of our financial instruments not carried at fair value as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Fair Reference Assets Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases (1) ) $ 20,746 $ 20,330 $ 19,085 $ 18,448 3 Note 2 Liabilities Long-term debt $ 23,612 $ 23,299 $ 21,418 $ 20,686 2 Note 7 (1) Represents finance leases and failed sale leasebacks of $7.00 billion and $7.36 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |
Transactions with Related Parti
Transactions with Related Parties | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |
Transactions with Related Parties | TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES We have a Support Agreement with Caterpillar, which provides that Caterpillar will (1) remain, directly or indirectly, our sole owner; (2) cause us to maintain a tangible net worth of at least $20 million and (3) ensure that we maintain a ratio of profit before income taxes and interest expense to interest expense (as defined by the Support Agreement) of not less than 1.15 to 1, calculated on an annual basis. Although this agreement can be modified or terminated by either party, any termination or any modification which would adversely affect holders of our debt requires the consent of holders of 66-2/3 percent in principal amount of outstanding debt of each series so affected. Any modification or termination which would adversely affect the lenders under the Credit Facility requires their consent. Caterpillar’s obligation under this agreement is not directly enforceable by any of our creditors and does not constitute a guarantee of any of our obligations. Cash dividends of $425 million, $275 million, and $850 million were paid to Caterpillar in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. We have variable amount and term lending agreements and other notes receivable with Caterpillar. Under these agreements, we may borrow up to $2.44 billion from Caterpillar, and Caterpillar may borrow up to $2.14 billion from us. The variable amount lending agreements are in effect for indefinite periods of time and may be changed or terminated by either party with 30 days notice. The term lending agreements have remaining maturities ranging up to ten years. Information concerning these agreements was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Payable to Caterpillar - borrowings as of December 31, $ 24 $ 23 $ 22 Payable to Caterpillar - other as of December 31, 113 101 73 Notes receivable from Caterpillar as of December 31, 527 482 389 Other receivables from Caterpillar as of December 31, (2) 39 133 70 Interest expense 1 1 — Interest income on Notes Receivable with Caterpillar (1) 21 17 14 (1) Included in Other revenues, net in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. (2) Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We have agreements with Caterpillar to purchase certain trade receivables at a discount. In addition, we receive fee revenue from Caterpillar for our centralized activities benefiting the global factoring program. Cash flows related to our factoring programs with Caterpillar are included in Net changes in Caterpillar purchased receivables within investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Information pertaining to these purchases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Purchases made $ 53,382 $ 47,158 $ 40,140 Revenue earned 617 417 301 Purchased Receivables as of December 31, 3,949 4,297 4,462 We participate in certain marketing programs offered in conjunction with Caterpillar that allow us to periodically offer financing to customers at interest rates that are below market rates. Under these marketing programs, Caterpillar funds an amount at the outset of the transaction, which we then recognize as revenue over the term of the financing. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, relative to such programs, we received $332 million, $339 million and $351 million, respectively. We have Finance receivables, net and Equipment on operating leases, net with Caterpillar of $155 million and $143 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenues of $27 million, $24 million and $25 million, respectively, related to these finance receivables and operating leases. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized depreciation related to these operating leases of $18 million, $17 million and $17 million, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, $376 million and $448 million, respectively, of our portfolio was subject to guarantees by Caterpillar and affiliates. Caterpillar provides defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans and other postretirement benefit plans to employees. We reimburse Caterpillar for these charges and other employee benefits paid by Caterpillar related to our employees. Further information about these plans is available in Caterpillar’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Caterpillar provides operational and administrative support, which is integral to the conduct of our business. In 2023, 2022 and 2021, these operational and support charges for which we reimburse Caterpillar amounted to $50 million, $52 million and $52 million, respectively. In addition, we provide administrative support services to certain Caterpillar subsidiaries. Caterpillar reimburses us for these charges. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, these charges amounted to $15 million, $13 million and $12 million, respectively. We join Caterpillar in the filing of a consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return and certain state income tax returns. In accordance with our tax sharing agreement with Caterpillar, we generally pay to or receive from Caterpillar our allocated share of income taxes or credits reflected in these consolidated filings. This amount is calculated on a separate return basis by taking taxable income times the applicable statutory tax rate and includes payment for certain tax attributes earned during the year. |
Segment and Geographic Informat
Segment and Geographic Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Segment and Geographic Information | SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION A. Basis for Segment Information The Chief Operating Decision Maker (the CEO) allocates resources and manages performance for our six operating segments described as follows. Our operating segments provide financing alternatives to customers and dealers around the world for Caterpillar products and services and power generation facilities that, in most cases, incorporate Caterpillar products. Financing plans include operating and finance leases, revolving charge accounts, retail loans, working capital loans to Caterpillar dealers and wholesale financing plans within each of the operating segments. Certain operating segments also purchase short-term trade receivables from Caterpillar. B. Description of Segments We have six operating segments that offer financing services. Following is a brief description of our segments: • North America - Includes our operations in the United States and Canada. • EAME - Includes our operations in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Eurasia. • Asia/Pacific - Includes our operations in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India. • Latin America - Includes our operations in Mexico and Central and South American countries. • Mining - Provides financing for large mining customers worldwide. • Power - Provides financing worldwide for Caterpillar electrical power generation, gas compression and co-generation systems and non-Caterpillar equipment that is powered by these systems. C. Segment Measurement and Reconciliations Cash, debt and other expenses are allocated to our segments based on their respective portfolios. The related Interest expense is calculated based on the amount of allocated debt and the rates associated with that debt. The performance of each segment is assessed based on a consistent leverage ratio. The Provision for credit losses is based on each segment’s respective finance receivable portfolio. Capital expenditures include expenditures for equipment on operating leases and other miscellaneous capital expenditures. Reconciling items are created based on accounting differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting. For the reconciliation of Profit before income taxes, we have grouped the reconciling items as follows: • Unallocated - Corporate requirements and strategies that are considered to be for the benefit of the entire organization. Also included are the consolidated results of the SPC (see Note 10 for additional information) and other miscellaneous items. • Timing - Timing differences in the recognition of costs between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting. • Methodology - Methodology differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting are as follows: ◦ Segment assets include off-balance sheet managed assets for which we maintain servicing responsibilities. ◦ The impact of differences between the actual leverage and the segment leverage ratios. ◦ Interest expense includes realized forward points on foreign currency forward contracts. ◦ The net gain or loss from interest rate derivatives is excluded from segment reporting. Supplemental segment data and reconciliations to consolidated external reporting for the years ended December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 External Profit Interest Depreciation Provision Assets at December 31, 2023 Capital North America $ 1,786 $ 596 $ 463 $ 512 $ 32 $ 16,303 $ 961 EAME 368 101 103 57 3 5,117 73 Asia/Pacific 278 105 102 4 (2) 3,435 4 Latin America 348 103 174 12 1 2,583 21 Mining 341 99 80 126 (2) 3,059 229 Power 58 (1) 26 2 16 662 — Total Segments 3,179 1,003 948 713 48 31,159 1,288 Unallocated 83 (507) 394 — 1 2,054 9 Timing (14) 2 — — — 20 — Methodology — 262 (309) — — 145 — Inter-segment Eliminations (1) — — — — — (266) — Total $ 3,248 $ 760 $ 1,033 $ 713 $ 49 $ 33,112 $ 1,297 2022 External Profit Interest Depreciation Provision Assets at December 31, 2022 Capital North America $ 1,512 $ 550 $ 263 $ 503 $ 25 $ 15,229 $ 862 EAME 285 12 79 55 49 5,067 117 Asia/Pacific 283 134 73 5 6 3,921 6 Latin America 284 85 136 10 7 2,636 25 Mining 294 63 42 143 9 2,700 120 Power 53 37 15 2 (15) 704 — Total Segments 2,711 881 608 718 81 30,257 1,130 Unallocated 35 (312) 204 — — 1,628 9 Timing (12) 4 — — — 18 — Methodology — 158 (246) — — 278 — Inter-segment Eliminations (1) — — — — — (224) — Total $ 2,734 $ 731 $ 566 $ 718 $ 81 $ 31,957 $ 1,139 2021 External Profit Interest Depreciation Provision Assets at December 31, 2021 Capital North America $ 1,401 $ 419 $ 250 $ 542 $ 15 $ 15,755 $ 888 EAME 274 73 21 60 30 5,192 92 Asia/Pacific 340 170 84 7 9 4,117 10 Latin America 202 24 68 8 52 2,405 12 Mining 289 98 37 136 (15) 2,672 206 Power 52 41 13 2 (21) 957 — Total Segments 2,558 825 473 755 70 31,098 1,208 Unallocated 15 (295) 179 — — 1,458 8 Timing (11) 6 — — — 15 — Methodology — 159 (197) — — 18 — Inter-segment Eliminations (1) — — — — — (202) — Total $ 2,562 $ 695 $ 455 $ 755 $ 70 $ 32,387 $ 1,216 (1) Elimination is primarily related to intercompany loans. Geographic information: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Revenues Inside U.S. $ 1,879 $ 1,551 $ 1,422 All other 1,369 1,183 1,140 Total $ 3,248 $ 2,734 $ 2,562 Equipment on operating leases, net and property 2023 2022 Inside U.S. $ 2,066 $ 2,036 Inside Canada 539 507 All other 544 500 Total $ 3,149 $ 3,043 |
Summary of Significant Accoun_2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cat Financial and consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs). We consolidate all VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary. For VIEs, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by the accounting guidance on the consolidation of VIEs. Please refer to Note 10 for more information. We have customers and dealers that are VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Our maximum exposure to loss from our involvement with these VIEs is limited to the credit risk inherently present in the financial support that we have provided. Credit risk was evaluated and reflected in our financial statements as part of our overall portfolio of finance receivables and related allowance for credit losses. In the current period we identified a misclassification between Noncontrolling interests and Retained earnings related to certain dividends we paid to Caterpillar in 2019 and 2021. We have determined that the impact was not material to any previously filed financial statements and have revised the reported balances to correct for the misclassification. The impact of the revisions was a $52 million increase in Retained earnings and offsetting $52 million decrease in Noncontrolling interests as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, and a $25 million increase in Retained earnings and offsetting $25 million decrease in Noncontrolling interests as of December 31, 2020. There was no impact on total equity or any other line items within the financial statements. |
Finance Receivables | Finance Receivables Finance receivables are generally classified as held for investment and recorded at amortized cost given that we have the intent and ability to hold them for the foreseeable future. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding plus accrued interest less write-downs, net of unamortized purchase discounts and deferred fees and costs. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition We record finance revenue over the life of the related finance receivables using the interest method, including the accretion of purchased receivables discount and related fee revenue, upfront fees and certain direct origination costs that are deferred. Operating lease revenue is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We suspend recognition of finance revenue and operating lease revenue and place the account on non-accrual status when management determines that collection of future income is not probable (generally after 120 days past due). We resume recognition of revenue and recognize previously suspended income when we consider collection of remaining amounts to be probable. Payments received while the finance receivable is on non-accrual status are applied to interest and principal in accordance with the contractual terms. We write off interest earned but uncollected prior to the receivables being placed on non-accrual status through Provision for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, we consider it to be uncollectible. We participate in certain marketing programs offered in conjunction with Caterpillar and/or Caterpillar dealers that allow us to periodically offer financing to customers at interest rates that are below market rates. Under these marketing programs, Caterpillar and/or the dealer funds an amount at the outset of the transaction, which we then recognize as finance revenue over the term of the financing. The funds we receive from Caterpillar and/or the dealer equal an amount that when combined with the customer’s contractual interest provides us with a market interest rate. Other revenue includes: (1) late charges, (2) fee revenue, primarily commitment fees, (3) gains and losses on sales of returned or repossessed equipment, (4) impairments on returned or repossessed equipment held for sale, (5) gains and losses on loan and lease sales and (6) other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenue items are recognized in accordance with relevant authoritative pronouncements. |
Equipment on Operating Leases | Equipment on Operating Leases We typically pay property taxes on operating leases directly to the taxing authorities and invoice the lessee for reimbursement. These property tax reimbursements are accounted for as variable lease payments and are included in Operating lease revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. We individually assess our operating lease receivables for impairment. If collectability of a recorded operating lease receivable is not considered probable, we recognize a current-period adjustment against operating lease revenue. |
Depreciation | Depreciation We recognize depreciation for equipment on operating leases using the straight-line method over the lease term, typically one seven |
Residual Values | Residual Values The residual values for operating leases are included in Equipment on operating leases, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The residual values for finance leases are included in Finance receivables, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. During the term of our leases, we monitor residual values. For operating leases, we record adjustments to depreciation expense reflecting changes in residual value estimates prospectively on a straight-line basis. For finance leases, we recognize residual value adjustments through a reduction of finance revenue over the remaining lease term. We evaluate the carrying value of equipment on operating leases for potential impairment when we determine a triggering event has occurred. When a triggering event occurs, we perform a test for recoverability by comparing projected undiscounted future cash flows to the carrying value of the equipment on operating leases. If the test for recoverability identifies a possible impairment, we measure the fair value of the equipment on operating leases in accordance with the fair value measurement framework. We recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value of the equipment on operating leases exceeds its estimated fair value. |
Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments Our earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate exposures. Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes. The derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward, option and cross currency contracts and interest rate contracts. All derivatives are recorded at fair value. See Note 8 for additional information. |
Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected losses over the life of our finance receivables portfolio calculated using loss forecast models that take into consideration historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions and forecasts and scenarios that capture country and industry-specific economic factors. In addition, we consider qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in our loss forecast models, including borrower-specific and company-specific factors. These qualitative factors are subjective and require a degree of management judgment. We measure the allowance for credit losses on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when we determine that similar risk characteristics do not exist. We identify finance receivables for individual evaluation based on past-due status and information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings, as well as general information regarding industry trends and the economic environment in which our customers operate. The allowance for credit losses attributable to finance receivables that are individually evaluated is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivables’ effective interest rate, the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent receivables or the observable market price of the receivables. In determining collateral value, we estimate the current fair market value of the collateral less selling costs. We also consider credit enhancements such as additional collateral and contractual third-party guarantees. See Note 2 for a description of our portfolio segments and allowance methodologies. Receivable balances, including accrued interest, are written off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible (generally upon repossession of the collateral). Generally, the amount of the write-off is determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, to the amortized cost of the receivable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses when received. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes We determine the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability approach taking into account guidance related to uncertain tax positions. Tax laws require items to be included in tax filings at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. We recognize a current liability for the estimated taxes payable for the current year. Deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. We adjust deferred taxes for enacted changes in tax rates and tax laws. We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. See Note 11 for further discussion. |
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation |
Estimates in Financial Statements | Estimates in Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. Significant estimates include residual values for leased assets, allowance for credit losses and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates. |
Finance Receivables (Tables)
Finance Receivables (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Receivables [Abstract] | |
Summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position | A summary of finance receivables included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Retail loans (1) $ 16,501 $ 14,973 Retail leases 6,554 6,965 Caterpillar purchased receivables 3,949 4,297 Wholesale loans (1) 1,069 545 Wholesale leases 4 7 Total finance receivables 28,077 26,787 Less: Allowance for credit losses (331) (346) Total finance receivables, net $ 27,746 $ 26,441 (1) Includes failed sale leasebacks. |
Maturities of finance receivables | Maturities of our finance receivables, as of December 31, 2023, reflect contractual repayments due from borrowers and were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Amounts due in Retail Retail Caterpillar Wholesale Wholesale Total 2024 $ 7,316 $ 2,603 $ 3,986 $ 769 $ 1 $ 14,675 2025 4,207 1,749 — 112 1 6,069 2026 2,884 1,063 — 145 — 4,092 2027 1,571 505 — 11 — 2,087 2028 719 179 — 1 — 899 Thereafter 170 47 — — — 217 Total 16,867 6,146 3,986 1,038 2 28,039 Guaranteed residual value (1) 10 415 — 33 1 459 Unguaranteed residual value (1) 1 634 — 2 1 638 Unearned income (377) (641) (37) (4) — (1,059) Total $ 16,501 $ 6,554 $ 3,949 $ 1,069 $ 4 $ 28,077 (1) For Retail loans and Wholesale loans, represents residual value on failed sale leasebacks. |
Allowance for credit losses and total finance receivables | An analysis of the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Allowance for Credit Losses: Customer Dealer Caterpillar Total Customer Dealer Caterpillar Total Beginning Balance $ 277 $ 65 $ 4 $ 346 $ 251 $ 82 $ 4 $ 337 Write-offs (115) — — (115) (108) — — (108) Recoveries 50 — — 50 62 — — 62 Provision for credit losses (1) 61 (14) — 47 75 (17) — 58 Other 3 — — 3 (3) — — (3) Ending Balance $ 276 $ 51 $ 4 $ 331 $ 277 $ 65 $ 4 $ 346 Finance Receivables $ 21,177 $ 2,951 $ 3,949 $ 28,077 $ 20,353 $ 2,137 $ 4,297 $ 26,787 (1) Excludes provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments and other miscellaneous receivables. |
Amortized cost of finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment by origination year | The tables below summarize the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment by origination year. (Millions of dollars) December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total North America Current $ 4,430 $ 2,628 $ 2,000 $ 745 $ 220 $ 32 $ 312 $ 10,367 31-60 days past due 28 31 24 14 7 1 4 109 61-90 days past due 10 11 8 4 1 — 2 36 91+ days past due 12 23 18 9 4 1 2 69 EAME Current 1,336 895 588 258 111 105 — 3,293 31-60 days past due 10 9 7 3 1 — — 30 61-90 days past due 4 3 3 1 1 — — 12 91+ days past due 7 17 15 8 3 1 — 51 Asia/Pacific Current 1,134 690 368 115 37 7 45 2,396 31-60 days past due 5 7 8 2 — — — 22 61-90 days past due 2 3 3 2 — — — 10 91+ days past due 1 5 3 3 1 — — 13 Mining Current 1,106 694 396 126 86 27 66 2,501 31-60 days past due — — — — — — — — 61-90 days past due — — — — 1 1 — 2 91+ days past due — — 1 — — 1 — 2 Latin America Current 750 520 219 59 23 6 — 1,577 31-60 days past due 9 10 6 1 — — — 26 61-90 days past due 2 4 1 — — — — 7 91+ days past due 2 10 8 5 8 11 — 44 Power Current 152 52 65 75 42 59 162 607 31-60 days past due — — — — — — — — 61-90 days past due — — — — — — — — 91+ days past due — — — — — 3 — 3 Totals by Aging Category Current 8,908 5,479 3,636 1,378 519 236 585 20,741 31-60 days past due 52 57 45 20 8 1 4 187 61-90 days past due 18 21 15 7 3 1 2 67 91+ days past due 22 55 45 25 16 17 2 182 Total $ 9,000 $ 5,612 $ 3,741 $ 1,430 $ 546 $ 255 $ 593 $ 21,177 (Millions of dollars) December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Total North America Current $ 3,915 $ 3,276 $ 1,525 $ 653 $ 206 $ 34 $ 240 $ 9,849 31-60 days past due 25 26 18 12 4 1 4 90 61-90 days past due 9 15 7 3 1 — 3 38 91+ days past due 11 16 12 6 4 3 4 56 EAME Current 1,270 953 477 280 155 68 — 3,203 31-60 days past due 10 12 7 1 1 — — 31 61-90 days past due 8 4 3 1 — — — 16 91+ days past due 6 25 16 4 1 1 — 53 Asia/Pacific Current 1,174 805 393 124 37 5 40 2,578 31-60 days past due 10 12 8 1 1 — — 32 61-90 days past due 2 5 4 2 — — — 13 91+ days past due 2 6 6 4 — — — 18 Mining Current 875 627 227 193 94 108 80 2,204 31-60 days past due — 1 — — — — — 1 61-90 days past due — — — — — — — — 91+ days past due — — — — — 1 — 1 Latin America Current 770 400 150 69 26 20 — 1,435 31-60 days past due 7 8 4 2 — 1 — 22 61-90 days past due 2 5 1 1 — — — 9 91+ days past due 2 13 11 2 1 — — 29 Power Current 82 87 146 51 18 161 125 670 31-60 days past due — — — — — — — — 61-90 days past due — — — — — — — — 91+ days past due — — — — — 5 — 5 Totals by Aging Category Current 8,086 6,148 2,918 1,370 536 396 485 19,939 31-60 days past due 52 59 37 16 6 2 4 176 61-90 days past due 21 29 15 7 1 — 3 76 91+ days past due 21 60 45 16 6 10 4 162 Total $ 8,180 $ 6,296 $ 3,015 $ 1,409 $ 549 $ 408 $ 496 $ 20,353 |
Aging related to finance receivables | The tables below summarize the aging category of our amortized cost of finance receivables in the Caterpillar Purchased Receivables portfolio segment as of December 31. (Millions of dollars) 2023 31-60 61-90 91+ Total Current Total Finance North America $ 15 $ 5 $ 4 $ 24 $ 2,212 $ 2,236 EAME 3 1 1 5 732 737 Asia/Pacific 2 — — 2 593 595 Latin America 1 4 18 23 348 371 Power — — — — 10 10 Total $ 21 $ 10 $ 23 $ 54 $ 3,895 $ 3,949 (Millions of dollars) 2022 31-60 61-90 91+ Total Current Total Finance North America $ 11 $ 7 $ 4 $ 22 $ 2,458 $ 2,480 EAME 1 — 2 3 812 815 Asia/Pacific 6 2 2 10 555 565 Latin America 9 2 14 25 406 431 Power 1 — — 1 5 6 Total $ 28 $ 11 $ 22 $ 61 $ 4,236 $ 4,297 |
Finance receivables on non-accrual status | In our Customer portfolio segment, finance receivables which were on non-accrual status and finance receivables over 90 days past due and still accruing income as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Non-accrual Non-accrual 91+ Still Non-accrual Non-accrual 91+ Still North America $ 52 $ — $ 20 $ 52 $ 4 $ 11 EAME 34 — 18 43 — 10 Asia/Pacific 8 — 5 11 — 7 Mining 2 — — — 1 — Latin America 48 — 1 45 — — Power 8 — — 5 11 — Total $ 152 $ — $ 44 $ 156 $ 16 $ 28 |
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | Finance receivables in the Customer portfolio segment modified as TDRs for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2022 2021 Pre-TDR Post-TDR Pre-TDR Amortized Cost Post-TDR North America $ 6 $ 6 $ 6 $ 6 EAME 1 1 3 3 Asia/Pacific — — 4 4 Mining 16 16 11 5 Latin America 22 22 12 12 Power 20 19 26 22 Total $ 65 $ 64 $ 62 $ 52 TDRs in the Customer portfolio segment with a payment default (defined as 91+ days past due) which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2022 2021 Post-TDR Post-TDR North America $ — $ 1 Asia/Pacific — 6 Mining 5 — Latin America — 15 Power — 7 Total $ 5 $ 29 |
Write-offs by origination year | Gross write-offs by origination year for the Customer portfolio segment were as follows: (Millions of Dollars) Year Ended December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total North America $ 2 $ 11 $ 11 $ 5 $ 3 $ 2 $ 12 $ 46 EAME 1 5 6 4 1 — — 17 Asia/Pacific 2 5 8 5 1 — — 21 Latin America — 8 5 6 1 10 — 30 Power — — — — — 1 — 1 Total $ 5 $ 29 $ 30 $ 20 $ 6 $ 13 $ 12 $ 115 |
Equipment on Operating Leases (
Equipment on Operating Leases (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Leases [Abstract] | |
Carrying amount of Equipment on operating leases, net | The carrying amount of Equipment on operating leases, net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Equipment on operating leases, at cost $ 4,433 $ 4,321 Less: Accumulated depreciation (1,419) (1,410) Equipment on operating leases, net $ 3,014 $ 2,911 |
Schedule of payments due for operating leases | At December 31, 2023, rental payments to be received for equipment on operating leases were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total $ 755 $ 515 $ 282 $ 120 $ 55 $ 10 $ 1,737 |
Other Assets (Tables)
Other Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Other Assets [Abstract] | |
Schedule of Other assets | The components of Other assets as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Customer and other miscellaneous receivables $ 332 $ 419 Collateral held for resale, at net realizable value 119 102 Deferred and refundable income taxes 188 148 Property and equipment, net 135 132 Other (1) 324 454 Total Other assets $ 1,098 $ 1,255 (1) Includes Derivative financial instruments. See Note 8 for additional information. |
Short-Term Borrowings (Tables)
Short-Term Borrowings (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Short-Term Debt [Abstract] | |
Short-term borrowings | Short-term borrowings outstanding as of December 31, were comprised of the following: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Commercial paper, net $ 4,069 5.2% $ 5,455 4.2% Bank borrowings and other 330 10.0% 234 11.4% Variable denomination floating rate demand notes 244 5.2% 265 3.4% Total $ 4,643 $ 5,954 |
Long-Term Debt (Tables)
Long-Term Debt (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Long-Term Debt, Unclassified [Abstract] | |
Long-term debt | Long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, was comprised of the following: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Balance Weighted Avg. Rate Medium-term notes $ 23,165 3.2% $ 20,821 2.2% Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (34) (37) Fair value adjustments (46) (112) Medium-term notes, net 23,085 20,672 Bank borrowings and other 527 6.6% 746 5.3% Total $ 23,612 $ 21,418 |
Maturities of Long-term debt outstanding (excluding fair value adjustments) in each of the next five years | Maturities of Long-term debt outstanding (excluding fair value adjustments) as of December 31, 2023, in each of the next five years, are as follows: ( Millions of dollars) 2024 $ 7,719 2025 7,811 2026 5,634 2027 2,479 2028 14 |
Derivative Financial Instrume_2
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position | The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Assets 1 Liabilities 2 Assets 1 Liabilities 2 Designated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts $ 207 $ (73) $ 305 $ (44) Interest rate contracts 50 (68) 87 (113) $ 257 $ (141) $ 392 $ (157) Undesignated derivatives Foreign exchange contracts $ 28 $ (79) $ 25 $ (42) $ 28 $ (79) $ 25 $ (42) (1) Assets are classified in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as Other assets. (2) Liabilities are classified in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as Accrued expenses. |
Schedule of effect of derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Profit | Gains (Losses) on derivative instruments for the years ended December 31, are categorized as follows: (Millions of dollars) Fair Value / Cash Flow Hedges Gains (Losses) Recognized 1 Gains (Losses) Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI 2 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange contracts $ (39) $ (111) $ 89 $ (22) $ 310 $ 190 $ (68) $ 370 $ 194 Interest rate contracts (75) (7) 24 9 111 19 58 14 (28) $ (114) $ (118) $ 113 $ (13) $ 421 $ 209 $ (10) $ 384 $ 166 (1) Foreign exchange contract gains (losses) are primarily from undesignated forward contracts and are included in Other income (expense). Interest rate contract gains (losses) are from designated fair value hedges and are included in Interest expense. (2) Foreign exchange contract gains (losses) are primarily included in Other income (expense). Interest rate contract gains (losses) are included in Interest expense. |
Schedule of Fair Value Hedging Instruments, Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location | The following amounts were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges as of December 31: (Millions of dollars) Carry Value of Cumulative Amount of Fair Value 2023 2022 2023 2022 Current maturities of long-term debt $ 982 $ — $ (23) $ — Long-term debt 2,128 2,091 (23) (112) Total $ 3,110 $ 2,091 $ (46) $ (112) |
Schedule of effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances | The effect of net settlement provisions of the master netting agreements on our derivative balances upon an event of default or a termination event as of December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Gross amounts recognized $ 285 $ (220) $ 417 $ (199) Financial instruments not offset (106) 106 (108) 108 Net amount $ 179 $ (114) $ 309 $ (91) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensi_2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | |
Schedule of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity consisted of the following: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Foreign currency translation Balance at beginning of year $ (1,068) $ (762) $ (551) Gains (losses) on foreign currency translation 55 (276) (169) Less: Tax provision/(benefit) (17) 30 42 Net gains (losses) on foreign currency translation 72 (306) (211) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 72 (306) (211) Balance at end of year $ (996) $ (1,068) $ (762) Derivative financial instruments Balance at beginning of year $ 21 $ (12) $ (44) Gains (losses) deferred (13) 421 209 Less: Tax provision/(benefit) (3) 97 24 Net gains (losses) deferred (10) 324 185 (Gains) losses reclassified to earnings 10 (384) (166) Less: Tax (provision)/benefit 3 (93) (13) Net (gains) losses reclassified to earnings 7 (291) (153) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (3) 33 32 Balance at end of year $ 18 $ 21 $ (12) Total Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of year $ (978) $ (1,047) $ (774) |
Income Taxes (Tables)
Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to effective rate | A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the effective rate for the years ended December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Taxes computed at U.S. statutory rates $ 160 21.0 % $ 154 21.0 % $ 146 21.0 % (Decreases) increases in taxes resulting from: State income tax, net of federal tax 5 0.5 % 4 0.5 % 3 0.4 % Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other than the U.S. rate 21 2.8 % 19 2.6 % 22 3.2 % Valuation allowances (14) (1.8) % 15 2.1 % 5 0.7 % Dividend withholding tax & indefinite reinvestment change 30 4.0 % — — % — — % Foreign currency translation taxed at non- U.S. subsidiaries (10) (1.3) % (4) (0.5) % 3 0.4 % Other, net — — % 1 0.1 % (1) (0.1) % Provision for income taxes $ 192 25.2 % $ 189 25.8 % $ 178 25.6 % |
Components of Profit before income taxes | The components of Profit before income taxes for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 U.S. $ 384 $ 439 $ 288 Non-U.S. 376 292 407 Total $ 760 $ 731 $ 695 |
Components of the Provision for income taxes | The components of the Provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) Current income tax provision: 2023 2022 2021 U.S. $ 36 $ 116 $ 101 Non-U.S. 150 95 162 State (U.S.) 3 5 5 189 216 268 Deferred income tax provision (benefit): U.S. 33 (36) (56) Non-U.S. (31) 8 (33) State (U.S.) 1 1 (1) 3 (27) (90) Total Provision for income taxes $ 192 $ 189 $ 178 |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities | The amounts of deferred income taxes at December 31, included in the following lines in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Assets: Other assets $ 144 $ 115 Liabilities: Other liabilities (617) (610) Deferred income taxes, net $ (473) $ (495) Our consolidated deferred income taxes consisted of the following components as of December 31: (Millions of dollars) Deferred income tax assets: 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses $ 95 $ 97 Tax carryforwards 103 93 Revenue timing differences 16 20 214 210 Deferred income tax liabilities: Capital assets, including lease basis differences (430) (461) Deferred income tax on translation adjustment (200) (219) Undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries (16) — (646) (680) Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets (39) (53) Other, net (2) 28 Deferred income taxes, net $ (473) $ (495) |
Summary of net operating loss carryforwards | At December 31, 2023, deferred tax assets for U.S. state losses of $6 million expire on or before 2040. Of these U.S. state deferred tax assets, $1 million were reduced by valuation allowances. In some U.S. state income tax jurisdictions, we join with other Caterpillar entities in filing combined income tax returns. In other U.S. state income tax jurisdictions, we file on a separate, stand-alone basis. Deferred tax assets for U.S. federal loss carryforwards of $1 million expire before 2027 and were reduced by a full valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets for losses and credit carryforwards of non-U.S. entities of $11 million expire on or before 2034, while the remaining $85 million may be carried over indefinitely. Non-U.S. entities that have not yet demonstrated consistent and/or sustainable profitability to support the recognition of net deferred income tax assets have recorded valuation allowances of $37 million against tax carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. |
Schedule of unrecognized tax benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized income tax benefits for uncertain income tax positions, including positions impacting only the timing of income tax benefits was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Reconciliation of unrecognized income tax benefits (1) : Balance at beginning of year $ 127 $ 131 $ 119 Additions for income tax positions related to current year — — 2 Additions for income tax positions related to prior year — — 10 Reductions for income tax positions related to prior year (2) — — Reductions for income tax positions related to settlements (6) (4) — Balance at end of year $ 119 $ 127 $ 131 Amount that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate $ 119 $ 127 $ 131 (1) Foreign currency translation amounts are included within each line as applicable. |
Fair Value Measurements (Tables
Fair Value Measurements (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |
Fair values of financial instruments | Fair values of our financial instruments not carried at fair value as of December 31, were as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Fair Reference Assets Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases (1) ) $ 20,746 $ 20,330 $ 19,085 $ 18,448 3 Note 2 Liabilities Long-term debt $ 23,612 $ 23,299 $ 21,418 $ 20,686 2 Note 7 (1) Represents finance leases and failed sale leasebacks of $7.00 billion and $7.36 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |
Transactions with Related Par_2
Transactions with Related Parties (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |
Transactions with Related Parties | We have variable amount and term lending agreements and other notes receivable with Caterpillar. Under these agreements, we may borrow up to $2.44 billion from Caterpillar, and Caterpillar may borrow up to $2.14 billion from us. The variable amount lending agreements are in effect for indefinite periods of time and may be changed or terminated by either party with 30 days notice. The term lending agreements have remaining maturities ranging up to ten years. Information concerning these agreements was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Payable to Caterpillar - borrowings as of December 31, $ 24 $ 23 $ 22 Payable to Caterpillar - other as of December 31, 113 101 73 Notes receivable from Caterpillar as of December 31, 527 482 389 Other receivables from Caterpillar as of December 31, (2) 39 133 70 Interest expense 1 1 — Interest income on Notes Receivable with Caterpillar (1) 21 17 14 (1) Included in Other revenues, net in the Consolidated Statements of Profit. (2) Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We have agreements with Caterpillar to purchase certain trade receivables at a discount. In addition, we receive fee revenue from Caterpillar for our centralized activities benefiting the global factoring program. Cash flows related to our factoring programs with Caterpillar are included in Net changes in Caterpillar purchased receivables within investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Information pertaining to these purchases was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Purchases made $ 53,382 $ 47,158 $ 40,140 Revenue earned 617 417 301 Purchased Receivables as of December 31, 3,949 4,297 4,462 |
Segment and Geographic Inform_2
Segment and Geographic Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Segment Information | Supplemental segment data and reconciliations to consolidated external reporting for the years ended December 31, was as follows: (Millions of dollars) 2023 External Profit Interest Depreciation Provision Assets at December 31, 2023 Capital North America $ 1,786 $ 596 $ 463 $ 512 $ 32 $ 16,303 $ 961 EAME 368 101 103 57 3 5,117 73 Asia/Pacific 278 105 102 4 (2) 3,435 4 Latin America 348 103 174 12 1 2,583 21 Mining 341 99 80 126 (2) 3,059 229 Power 58 (1) 26 2 16 662 — Total Segments 3,179 1,003 948 713 48 31,159 1,288 Unallocated 83 (507) 394 — 1 2,054 9 Timing (14) 2 — — — 20 — Methodology — 262 (309) — — 145 — Inter-segment Eliminations (1) — — — — — (266) — Total $ 3,248 $ 760 $ 1,033 $ 713 $ 49 $ 33,112 $ 1,297 2022 External Profit Interest Depreciation Provision Assets at December 31, 2022 Capital North America $ 1,512 $ 550 $ 263 $ 503 $ 25 $ 15,229 $ 862 EAME 285 12 79 55 49 5,067 117 Asia/Pacific 283 134 73 5 6 3,921 6 Latin America 284 85 136 10 7 2,636 25 Mining 294 63 42 143 9 2,700 120 Power 53 37 15 2 (15) 704 — Total Segments 2,711 881 608 718 81 30,257 1,130 Unallocated 35 (312) 204 — — 1,628 9 Timing (12) 4 — — — 18 — Methodology — 158 (246) — — 278 — Inter-segment Eliminations (1) — — — — — (224) — Total $ 2,734 $ 731 $ 566 $ 718 $ 81 $ 31,957 $ 1,139 2021 External Profit Interest Depreciation Provision Assets at December 31, 2021 Capital North America $ 1,401 $ 419 $ 250 $ 542 $ 15 $ 15,755 $ 888 EAME 274 73 21 60 30 5,192 92 Asia/Pacific 340 170 84 7 9 4,117 10 Latin America 202 24 68 8 52 2,405 12 Mining 289 98 37 136 (15) 2,672 206 Power 52 41 13 2 (21) 957 — Total Segments 2,558 825 473 755 70 31,098 1,208 Unallocated 15 (295) 179 — — 1,458 8 Timing (11) 6 — — — 15 — Methodology — 159 (197) — — 18 — Inter-segment Eliminations (1) — — — — — (202) — Total $ 2,562 $ 695 $ 455 $ 755 $ 70 $ 32,387 $ 1,216 (1) Elimination is primarily related to intercompany loans. |
Geographic information | Geographic information: (Millions of dollars) 2023 2022 2021 Revenues Inside U.S. $ 1,879 $ 1,551 $ 1,422 All other 1,369 1,183 1,140 Total $ 3,248 $ 2,734 $ 2,562 Equipment on operating leases, net and property 2023 2022 Inside U.S. $ 2,066 $ 2,036 Inside Canada 539 507 All other 544 500 Total $ 3,149 $ 3,043 |
Summary of Significant Accoun_3
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 | |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
Period after which collection of future income is considered as not probable | 120 days |
Summary of Significant Accoun_4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2) | Dec. 31, 2023 |
Minimum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Lease term used to calculate depreciation | 1 year |
Maximum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Lease term used to calculate depreciation | 7 years |
Summary of Significant Accoun_5
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |||
Prior Period Reclassification Adjustment | $ 52 | $ 52 | $ 25 |
Finance Receivables (Details)
Finance Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | $ 28,077 | $ 26,787 | |
Less: Allowance for credit losses | (331) | (346) | $ (337) |
Total finance receivables, net | $ 27,746 | 26,441 | |
Financing Receivable, Weighted Average Term | 51 months | ||
Financing Receivable, Weighted Average Remaining Term | 27 months | ||
Retail loans | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | $ 16,501 | 14,973 | |
Retail leases | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 6,554 | 6,965 | |
Caterpillar purchased receivables | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 3,949 | 4,297 | $ 4,462 |
Wholesale loans | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 1,069 | 545 | |
Wholesale leases | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | $ 4 | $ 7 |
Finance Receivables (Details 2)
Finance Receivables (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
2024 | $ 14,675 | ||
2025 | 6,069 | ||
2026 | 4,092 | ||
2027 | 2,087 | ||
2028 | 899 | ||
Thereafter | 217 | ||
Total | 28,039 | ||
Guaranteed residual value | 459 | ||
Unguaranteed residual value | 638 | ||
Financing Receivable, Unamortized Loan Cost (Fee) and Purchase Premium (Discount) | 1,059 | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 28,077 | $ 26,787 | |
Finance lease revenue (included in retail and wholesale finance revenue) | 419 | 429 | $ 481 |
Retail loans | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
2024 | 7,316 | ||
2025 | 4,207 | ||
2026 | 2,884 | ||
2027 | 1,571 | ||
2028 | 719 | ||
Thereafter | 170 | ||
Total | 16,867 | ||
Guaranteed residual value | 10 | ||
Unguaranteed residual value | 1 | ||
Financing Receivable, Unamortized Loan Cost (Fee) and Purchase Premium (Discount) | 377 | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 16,501 | 14,973 | |
Retail leases | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
2024 | 2,603 | ||
2025 | 1,749 | ||
2026 | 1,063 | ||
2027 | 505 | ||
2028 | 179 | ||
Thereafter | 47 | ||
Total | 6,146 | ||
Guaranteed residual value | 415 | ||
Unguaranteed residual value | 634 | ||
Financing Receivable, Unamortized Loan Cost (Fee) and Purchase Premium (Discount) | 641 | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 6,554 | 6,965 | |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
2024 | 3,986 | ||
2025 | 0 | ||
2026 | 0 | ||
2027 | 0 | ||
2028 | 0 | ||
Thereafter | 0 | ||
Total | 3,986 | ||
Guaranteed residual value | 0 | ||
Unguaranteed residual value | 0 | ||
Financing Receivable, Unamortized Loan Cost (Fee) and Purchase Premium (Discount) | 37 | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 3,949 | 4,297 | $ 4,462 |
Wholesale loans | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
2024 | 769 | ||
2025 | 112 | ||
2026 | 145 | ||
2027 | 11 | ||
2028 | 1 | ||
Thereafter | 0 | ||
Total | 1,038 | ||
Guaranteed residual value | 33 | ||
Unguaranteed residual value | 2 | ||
Financing Receivable, Unamortized Loan Cost (Fee) and Purchase Premium (Discount) | 4 | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 1,069 | 545 | |
Wholesale leases | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable | |||
2024 | 1 | ||
2025 | 1 | ||
2026 | 0 | ||
2027 | 0 | ||
2028 | 0 | ||
Thereafter | 0 | ||
Total | 2 | ||
Guaranteed residual value | 1 | ||
Unguaranteed residual value | 1 | ||
Financing Receivable, Unamortized Loan Cost (Fee) and Purchase Premium (Discount) | 0 | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | $ 4 | $ 7 |
Finance Receivables (Details 3)
Finance Receivables (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses | ||
Beginning Balance | $ 346 | $ 337 |
Write-offs | (115) | (108) |
Recoveries | 50 | 62 |
Provision for credit losses(1) | 47 | 58 |
Other | 3 | (3) |
Ending Balance | 331 | 346 |
Finance Receivables | 28,077 | 26,787 |
Customer | ||
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses | ||
Beginning Balance | 277 | 251 |
Write-offs | (115) | (108) |
Recoveries | 50 | 62 |
Provision for credit losses(1) | 61 | 75 |
Other | 3 | (3) |
Ending Balance | 276 | 277 |
Finance Receivables | 21,177 | 20,353 |
Dealer | ||
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses | ||
Beginning Balance | 65 | 82 |
Write-offs | 0 | 0 |
Recoveries | 0 | 0 |
Provision for credit losses(1) | (14) | (17) |
Other | 0 | 0 |
Ending Balance | 51 | 65 |
Finance Receivables | 2,951 | 2,137 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | ||
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses | ||
Beginning Balance | 4 | 4 |
Write-offs | 0 | 0 |
Recoveries | 0 | 0 |
Provision for credit losses(1) | 0 | 0 |
Other | 0 | 0 |
Ending Balance | 4 | 4 |
Finance Receivables | $ 3,949 | $ 4,297 |
Finance Receivables (Details 4)
Finance Receivables (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | $ 28,077 | $ 26,787 |
Customer | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 9,000 | 8,180 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 5,612 | 6,296 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 3,741 | 3,015 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 1,430 | 1,409 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 546 | 549 |
Prior | 255 | 408 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 593 | 496 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 21,177 | 20,353 |
Customer | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 8,908 | 8,086 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 5,479 | 6,148 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 3,636 | 2,918 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 1,378 | 1,370 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 519 | 536 |
Prior | 236 | 396 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 585 | 485 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 20,741 | 19,939 |
Customer | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 52 | 52 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 57 | 59 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 45 | 37 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 20 | 16 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 8 | 6 |
Prior | 1 | 2 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 4 | 4 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 187 | 176 |
Customer | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 18 | 21 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 21 | 29 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 15 | 15 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 7 | 7 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 3 | 1 |
Prior | 1 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 2 | 3 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 67 | 76 |
Customer | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 22 | 21 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 55 | 60 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 45 | 45 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 25 | 16 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 16 | 6 |
Prior | 17 | 10 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 2 | 4 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 182 | 162 |
Customer | North America | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 4,430 | 3,915 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 2,628 | 3,276 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 2,000 | 1,525 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 745 | 653 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 220 | 206 |
Prior | 32 | 34 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 312 | 240 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 10,367 | 9,849 |
Customer | North America | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 28 | 25 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 31 | 26 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 24 | 18 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 14 | 12 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 7 | 4 |
Prior | 1 | 1 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 4 | 4 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 109 | 90 |
Customer | North America | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 10 | 9 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 11 | 15 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 8 | 7 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 4 | 3 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 1 | 1 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 2 | 3 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 36 | 38 |
Customer | North America | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 12 | 11 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 23 | 16 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 18 | 12 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 9 | 6 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 4 | 4 |
Prior | 1 | 3 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 2 | 4 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 69 | 56 |
Customer | EAME | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 1,336 | 1,270 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 895 | 953 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 588 | 477 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 258 | 280 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 111 | 155 |
Prior | 105 | 68 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 3,293 | 3,203 |
Customer | EAME | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 10 | 10 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 9 | 12 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 7 | 7 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 3 | 1 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 1 | 1 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 30 | 31 |
Customer | EAME | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 4 | 8 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 3 | 4 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 3 | 3 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 1 | 1 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 1 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 12 | 16 |
Customer | EAME | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 7 | 6 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 17 | 25 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 15 | 16 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 8 | 4 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 3 | 1 |
Prior | 1 | 1 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 51 | 53 |
Customer | Asia/Pacific | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 1,134 | 1,174 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 690 | 805 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 368 | 393 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 115 | 124 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 37 | 37 |
Prior | 7 | 5 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 45 | 40 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2,396 | 2,578 |
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 5 | 10 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 7 | 12 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 8 | 8 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 2 | 1 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 1 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 22 | 32 |
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 2 | 2 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 3 | 5 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 3 | 4 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 2 | 2 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 10 | 13 |
Customer | Asia/Pacific | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 1 | 2 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 5 | 6 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 3 | 6 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 3 | 4 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 1 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 13 | 18 |
Customer | Mining | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 1,106 | 875 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 694 | 627 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 396 | 227 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 126 | 193 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 86 | 94 |
Prior | 27 | 108 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 66 | 80 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2,501 | 2,204 |
Customer | Mining | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 0 | 1 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 1 |
Customer | Mining | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 1 | 0 |
Prior | 1 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2 | 0 |
Customer | Mining | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 1 | 0 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 1 | 1 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2 | 1 |
Customer | Latin America | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 750 | 770 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 520 | 400 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 219 | 150 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 59 | 69 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 23 | 26 |
Prior | 6 | 20 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 1,577 | 1,435 |
Customer | Latin America | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 9 | 7 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 10 | 8 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 6 | 4 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 1 | 2 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 1 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 26 | 22 |
Customer | Latin America | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 2 | 2 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 4 | 5 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 1 | 1 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 0 | 1 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 7 | 9 |
Customer | Latin America | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 2 | 2 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 10 | 13 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 8 | 11 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 5 | 2 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 8 | 1 |
Prior | 11 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 44 | 29 |
Customer | Power | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 152 | 82 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 52 | 87 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 65 | 146 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 75 | 51 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 42 | 18 |
Prior | 59 | 161 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 162 | 125 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 607 | 670 |
Customer | Power | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 0 |
Customer | Power | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 0 | 0 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 0 |
Customer | Power | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
2023 and 2022, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2022 and 2021, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2021 and 2020, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2020 and 2019, respectively | 0 | 0 |
2019 and 2018, respectively | 0 | 0 |
Prior | 3 | 5 |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | 0 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 3 | 5 |
Dealer | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2,951 | 2,137 |
Dealer | Total past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator | ||
Prior | $ 47 | $ 62 |
Finance Receivables (Details 5)
Finance Receivables (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | $ 28,077 | $ 26,787 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 3,949 | 4,297 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 21 | 28 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 10 | 11 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 23 | 22 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Total Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 54 | 61 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 3,895 | 4,236 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2,236 | 2,480 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 15 | 11 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 5 | 7 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 4 | 4 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | Total Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 24 | 22 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | North America | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2,212 | 2,458 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 737 | 815 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 3 | 1 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 1 | 0 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 1 | 2 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | Total Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 5 | 3 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | EAME | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 732 | 812 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 595 | 565 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2 | 6 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 2 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 2 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | Total Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2 | 10 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Asia/Pacific | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 593 | 555 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 371 | 431 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 1 | 9 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 4 | 2 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 18 | 14 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | Total Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 23 | 25 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Latin America | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 348 | 406 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Power | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 10 | 6 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Power | 31-60 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 1 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Power | 61-90 days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 0 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Power | 91+ days past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 0 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Power | Total Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 0 | 1 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | Power | Current | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 10 | 5 |
Dealer | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 2,951 | 2,137 |
Dealer | Total past due | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Prior | $ 47 | $ 62 |
Finance Receivables (Details 6)
Finance Receivables (Details 6) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Customer | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | $ 152 | $ 156 |
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance | 0 | 16 |
Amortized Cost, 91+ Still Accruing | 44 | 28 |
Customer | North America | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | 52 | 52 |
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance | 0 | 4 |
Amortized Cost, 91+ Still Accruing | 20 | 11 |
Customer | EAME | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | 34 | 43 |
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance | 0 | 0 |
Amortized Cost, 91+ Still Accruing | 18 | 10 |
Customer | Asia/Pacific | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | 8 | 11 |
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance | 0 | 0 |
Amortized Cost, 91+ Still Accruing | 5 | 7 |
Customer | Mining | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | 2 | 0 |
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance | 0 | 1 |
Amortized Cost, 91+ Still Accruing | 0 | 0 |
Customer | Latin America | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | 48 | 45 |
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance | 0 | 0 |
Amortized Cost, 91+ Still Accruing | 1 | 0 |
Customer | Power | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | 8 | 5 |
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual Without an Allowance | 0 | 11 |
Amortized Cost, 91+ Still Accruing | 0 | 0 |
Dealer | Latin America | ||
Financing Receivable, Past Due | ||
Amortized Cost, Non-accrual With an Allowance | $ 47 | $ 62 |
Finance Receivables (Details 7)
Finance Receivables (Details 7) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) contracts | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) contracts | |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Number of Contracts | contracts | 0 | 0 |
Dealer | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Number of Contracts | contracts | 0 | 0 |
Customer | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Premodification | $ 65 | $ 62 |
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Postmodification | 64 | 52 |
TDRs with a payment default which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date | ||
Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default | 5 | 29 |
Customer | North America | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Premodification | 6 | 6 |
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Postmodification | 6 | 6 |
TDRs with a payment default which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date | ||
Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default | 0 | 1 |
Customer | EAME | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Premodification | 1 | 3 |
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Postmodification | 1 | 3 |
Customer | Asia/Pacific | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Premodification | 0 | 4 |
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Postmodification | 0 | 4 |
TDRs with a payment default which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date | ||
Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default | 0 | 6 |
Customer | Mining | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Premodification | 16 | 11 |
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Postmodification | 16 | 5 |
TDRs with a payment default which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date | ||
Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default | 5 | 0 |
Customer | Latin America | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Premodification | 22 | 12 |
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Postmodification | 22 | 12 |
TDRs with a payment default which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date | ||
Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default | 0 | 15 |
Customer | Power | ||
Finance receivables modified as TDRs | ||
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Premodification | 20 | 26 |
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Postmodification | 19 | 22 |
TDRs with a payment default which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date | ||
Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default | $ 0 | $ 7 |
Finance Receivables (Details 8)
Finance Receivables (Details 8) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 Rate | |
Construction related industries | |
Concentration Risk | |
Concentration, percent of total portfolio | 40% |
Finance Receivables (Details 9)
Finance Receivables (Details 9) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Write-offs by origination year [Line Items] | ||
Total | $ 115 | $ 108 |
Period after which unpaid installments are considered as past due | 30 days | |
Customer | ||
Write-offs by origination year [Line Items] | ||
2023 | $ 5 | |
2022 | 29 | |
2021 | 30 | |
2020 | 20 | |
2019 | 6 | |
Prior | 13 | |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 12 | |
Total | 115 | $ 108 |
Customer | North America | ||
Write-offs by origination year [Line Items] | ||
2023 | 2 | |
2022 | 11 | |
2021 | 11 | |
2020 | 5 | |
2019 | 3 | |
Prior | 2 | |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 12 | |
Total | 46 | |
Customer | EAME | ||
Write-offs by origination year [Line Items] | ||
2023 | 1 | |
2022 | 5 | |
2021 | 6 | |
2020 | 4 | |
2019 | 1 | |
Prior | 0 | |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | |
Total | 17 | |
Customer | Asia/Pacific | ||
Write-offs by origination year [Line Items] | ||
2023 | 2 | |
2022 | 5 | |
2021 | 8 | |
2020 | 5 | |
2019 | 1 | |
Prior | 0 | |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | |
Total | 21 | |
Customer | Latin America | ||
Write-offs by origination year [Line Items] | ||
2023 | 0 | |
2022 | 8 | |
2021 | 5 | |
2020 | 6 | |
2019 | 1 | |
Prior | 10 | |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | |
Total | 30 | |
Customer | Power | ||
Write-offs by origination year [Line Items] | ||
2023 | 0 | |
2022 | 0 | |
2021 | 0 | |
2020 | 0 | |
2019 | 0 | |
Prior | 1 | |
Revolving Finance Receivables | 0 | |
Total | $ 1 |
Finance Receivables (Details 10
Finance Receivables (Details 10) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) | |
Dealer | |
Financing Receivable, Modifications | |
Financing Receivable, Modified in Period, Amount | $ 0 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | |
Financing Receivable, Modifications | |
Financing Receivable, Modified in Period, Amount | 0 |
Customer | |
Financing Receivable, Modifications | |
Financing Receivable, Modified in Period, Amount | $ 47 |
Financing Receivable, Modified in Period, to Total Financing Receivables, Percentage | 0.17% |
Financing Receivable, Modified, Weighted Average Term Increase from Modification | 15 months |
Financing Receivable, Modified, Weighted Average Payment Delay | 7 months |
Customer | EAME | 31-60 days past due | |
Financing Receivable, Modifications | |
Financing Receivable, Modified, Accumulated | $ 2 |
Customer | EAME | 61-90 days past due | |
Financing Receivable, Modifications | |
Financing Receivable, Modified, Accumulated | 1 |
Customer | EAME | 91+ days past due | |
Financing Receivable, Modifications | |
Financing Receivable, Modified, Accumulated | $ 1 |
Equipment on Operating Leases_2
Equipment on Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
Equipment on operating leases, at cost | $ 4,433 | $ 4,321 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (1,419) | (1,410) |
Equipment on operating leases, net | 3,014 | $ 2,911 |
Payments due for operating leases | ||
2024 | 755 | |
2025 | 515 | |
2026 | 282 | |
2027 | 120 | |
2028 | 55 | |
Thereafter | 10 | |
Total | $ 1,737 |
Other Assets (Details)
Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Other Assets [Abstract] | ||
Customer and other miscellaneous receivables | $ 332 | $ 419 |
Collateral held for resale, at net realizable value | 119 | 102 |
Deferred and refundable income taxes | 188 | 148 |
Property and equipment, net | 135 | 132 |
Other | 324 | 454 |
Total Other assets | $ 1,098 | $ 1,255 |
Credit Commitments (Details)
Credit Commitments (Details) $ in Millions | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) | |
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Number of global credit facilities | 3 | 3 | ||
Caterpillar's consolidated net worth | $ 19,550 | $ 19,550 | ||
Minimum net worth required under the Credit Facility | $ 9,000 | $ 9,000 | ||
Covenant interest coverage ratio, Numerator | 1.73 | |||
Covenant interest coverage ratio, Denominator | 1 | |||
Minimum interest coverage ratio, required by the Credit Facility, Numerator | 1.15 | |||
Minimum interest coverage ratio, required by the Credit Facility, Denominator | 1 | |||
Leverage Ratio, Numerator | 6.88 | 6.95 | ||
Leverage Ratio, Denominator | 1 | 1 | ||
Maximum Leverage Ratio, Permissible Under Credit Facility, Numerator | 10 | |||
Maximum Leverage Ratio, Permissible Under Credit Facility, Denominator | 1 | |||
Amount available | $ 10,500 | $ 10,500 | ||
Maximum borrowing capacity from Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,440 | 2,440 | ||
Maximum lending capacity to Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,140 | $ 2,140 | ||
Term lending agreements, maximum remaining maturity | 10 years | |||
Caterpillar | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Maximum borrowing capacity from Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,440 | $ 2,440 | ||
Maximum lending capacity to Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,140 | 2,140 | ||
Notes receivable from Caterpillar | 527 | 527 | $ 482 | $ 389 |
Notes Payable | 24 | 24 | 23 | $ 22 |
Revolving credit facilities | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount outstanding | 0 | 0 | ||
Revolving credit facilities | Cat Financial | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 7,750 | 7,750 | ||
364-day facility | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 3,150 | 3,150 | ||
364-day facility | Cat Financial | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 2,330 | 2,330 | ||
Three-year facility | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 2,730 | 2,730 | ||
Three-year facility | Cat Financial | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 2,010 | 2,010 | ||
Five-year facility | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 4,620 | 4,620 | ||
Five-year facility | Cat Financial | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 3,410 | 3,410 | ||
Credit lines with banks | ||||
Line of Credit Facility | ||||
Amount available | 3,540 | 3,540 | ||
Amount outstanding | $ 853 | $ 853 | $ 979 |
Short-Term Borrowings (Details)
Short-Term Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Short-term Debt | ||
Short-term borrowings, Balance | $ 4,643 | $ 5,954 |
Commercial paper, net | ||
Short-term Debt | ||
Short-term borrowings, Balance | $ 4,069 | $ 5,455 |
Short-term borrowings, Avg. Rate | 5.20% | 4.20% |
Bank borrowings and other | ||
Short-term Debt | ||
Short-term borrowings, Balance | $ 330 | $ 234 |
Short-term borrowings, Avg. Rate | 10% | 11.40% |
Variable denomination floating rate demand notes | ||
Short-term Debt | ||
Short-term borrowings, Balance | $ 244 | $ 265 |
Short-term borrowings, Avg. Rate | 5.20% | 3.40% |
Long-Term Debt (Details)
Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Jan. 08, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2022 | |
Debt Instrument | |||
Medium-term notes, maximum remaining maturity | 5 years | ||
Fair value adjustments | $ (46) | $ (112) | |
Long-term debt | 23,612 | 21,418 | |
Long-term debt outstanding maturity: | |||
2024 | 7,719 | ||
2025 | 7,811 | ||
2026 | 5,634 | ||
2027 | 2,479 | ||
2028 | 14 | ||
Face amount of medium-term notes excluded from current maturities | 500 | ||
Medium-term notes | |||
Debt Instrument | |||
Long-term debt issued | 7,950 | ||
Long-term debt issued at fixed interest rates | 5,420 | ||
Long-term debt issued at floating interest rates | 2,530 | ||
Long term debt, gross | 23,165 | 20,821 | |
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs | (34) | (37) | |
Fair value adjustments | (46) | (112) | |
Long-term debt | $ 23,085 | $ 20,672 | |
Long-term debt, Avg. Rate | 3.20% | 2.20% | |
Medium-term notes | Subsequent Event | |||
Debt Instrument | |||
Long term debt, gross | $ 500 | ||
Bank borrowings and other | |||
Debt Instrument | |||
Long-term debt | $ 527 | $ 746 | |
Long-term debt, Avg. Rate | 6.60% | 5.30% |
Derivative Financial Instrume_3
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Asset Fair Value | $ 285 | $ 417 |
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset | (220) | (199) |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Assets [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Asset Fair Value | 257 | 392 |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Liabilities [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset | (141) | (157) |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] | Other Assets [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Asset Fair Value | 207 | 305 |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] | Other Liabilities [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset | (73) | (44) |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member] | Other Assets [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Asset Fair Value | 50 | 87 |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member] | Other Liabilities [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset | (68) | (113) |
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Assets [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Asset Fair Value | 28 | 25 |
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Liabilities [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset | (79) | (42) |
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] | Other Assets [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Asset Fair Value | 28 | 25 |
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] | Other Liabilities [Member] | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset | $ (79) | $ (42) |
Derivative Financial Instrume_4
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Derivative | ||
Derivative instruments, notional amount | $ 15,730 | $ 13,180 |
Derivative Financial Instrume_5
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) | |||
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax | $ (13) | $ 421 | $ 209 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, before Tax | 10 | (384) | (166) |
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Fair Value Hedges | |||
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) | |||
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | (114) | (118) | 113 |
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Fair Value Hedges | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] | |||
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) | |||
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | (39) | (111) | 89 |
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Fair Value Hedges | Interest Rate Contract [Member] | |||
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) | |||
Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | (75) | (7) | 24 |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash flow hedges | |||
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) | |||
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax | (13) | 421 | 209 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, before Tax | (10) | 384 | 166 |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash flow hedges | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] | |||
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) | |||
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax | (22) | 310 | 190 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, before Tax | (68) | 370 | 194 |
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash flow hedges | Interest Rate Contract [Member] | |||
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) | |||
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax | 9 | 111 | 19 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, before Tax | $ 58 | $ 14 | $ (28) |
Derivative Financial Instrume_6
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Carry Value of the Hedged Liabilities | $ 3,110 | $ 2,091 |
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Value of the Hedged Liabilities | (46) | (112) |
Current maturities of long-term debt | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Carry Value of the Hedged Liabilities | 982 | 0 |
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Value of the Hedged Liabilities | $ (23) | $ 0 |
Hedged Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] | Other liabilities | Other liabilities |
Long-term debt | ||
Derivatives, Fair Value | ||
Carry Value of the Hedged Liabilities | $ 2,128 | $ 2,091 |
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Value of the Hedged Liabilities | $ (23) | $ (112) |
Hedged Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] | Other liabilities | Other liabilities |
Derivative Financial Instrume_7
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 5) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) | |
Derivative | |
Deferred net gains, net of tax, included in equity, related to cash flow hedges, expected to be reclassified to earnings over the next twelve months | $ (19) |
Derivative Financial Instrume_8
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 6) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Derivative Asset, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset | $ 285 | $ 417 |
Assets, Financial instruments not offset | (106) | (108) |
Assets, Net amount | 179 | 309 |
Liability Fair Value | (220) | (199) |
Liabilities, Financial instruments not offset | 106 | 108 |
Liabilities, Net amount | $ (114) | $ (91) |
Derivative Financial Instrume_9
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 7) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Concentration Risk | ||
Derivatives, Maximum exposure to credit loss | $ 285 | $ 417 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensi_3
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
Balance at beginning of year | $ (1,068) | $ (762) | $ (551) |
Gains (losses) on foreign currency translation | 55 | (276) | (169) |
Less: Tax provision/(benefit) | (17) | 30 | 42 |
Net gains (losses) on foreign currency translation | 72 | (306) | (211) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 72 | (306) | (211) |
Balance at end of year | (996) | (1,068) | (762) |
Balance at beginning of year | 21 | (12) | (44) |
Gains (losses) deferred | (13) | 421 | 209 |
Less: Tax provision/(benefit) | (3) | 97 | 24 |
Net gains (losses) deferred | (10) | 324 | 185 |
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings | 10 | (384) | (166) |
Less: Tax (provision)/benefit | 3 | (93) | (13) |
Net (gains) losses reclassified to earnings | 7 | (291) | (153) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (3) | 33 | 32 |
Balance at end of year | 18 | 21 | (12) |
Total Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of year | $ (978) | $ (1,047) | $ (774) |
Commitments and Contingent Li_2
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Unused commitments to extend credit to customers | $ 774 | ||
Reserve for Credit Losses, Unused Commitments | 25 | ||
Guarantor Obligations | |||
Guarantees, maximum potential amount of future payments | 25 | $ 26 | |
Assets | 33,112 | 31,957 | $ 32,387 |
Liabilities | 29,942 | 28,994 | |
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | |||
Guarantor Obligations | |||
Assets | 1,350 | 971 | |
Liabilities | 1,350 | 970 | |
Maximum | |||
Guarantor Obligations | |||
Related recorded liability | $ 1 | $ 1 |
Income Taxes (Details)
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Reconciliation of statutory rate to effective income tax rate | |||
Taxes computed at U.S. statutory rates | $ 160 | $ 154 | $ 146 |
U.S. statutory tax rate (as a percent) | 21% | 21% | 21% |
(Decreases) increases in taxes resulting from: | |||
State income tax, net of federal tax | $ 5 | $ 4 | $ 3 |
State Income Tax, net of Federal Tax (as a percent) | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.40% |
Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other than the U.S. rate | $ 21 | $ 19 | $ 22 |
Non-U.S. Subsidiaries taxed at other than the U.S. rate (as a percent) | 2.80% | 2.60% | 3.20% |
Valuation allowances | $ (14) | $ 15 | $ 5 |
Valuation allowances (as a percent) | (1.80%) | 2.10% | 0.70% |
Dividend withholding tax & indefinite reinvestment change | $ 30 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Repatriation of Foreign Earnings, Percent | 4% | 0% | 0% |
Foreign currency translation taxed at non- U.S. subsidiaries | $ (10) | $ (4) | $ 3 |
Foreign currency translation taxed at non-U.S subsidiaries (as a percent) | (1.30%) | (0.50%) | 0.40% |
Other, net | $ 0 | $ 1 | $ (1) |
Other, net (as a percent) | 0% | 0.10% | (0.10%) |
Provision for income taxes | $ 192 | $ 189 | $ 178 |
Provision for income taxes, Effective Income Tax Rate (as a percent) | 25.20% | 25.80% | 25.60% |
Valuation allowances | $ (14) | $ 15 | $ 5 |
Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries | 4,000 | ||
Valuation Allowance [Line Items] | |||
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount | (14) | $ 15 | $ 5 |
Non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions | |||
(Decreases) increases in taxes resulting from: | |||
Valuation allowances | 8 | ||
Valuation allowances | 8 | ||
Valuation Allowance [Line Items] | |||
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount | 8 | ||
Foreign Tax Authority, Specific Entity | |||
(Decreases) increases in taxes resulting from: | |||
Valuation allowances | 22 | ||
Valuation allowances | 22 | ||
Valuation Allowance [Line Items] | |||
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount | $ 22 |
Income Taxes (Details 2)
Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Components of Profit before income taxes | |||
U.S. | $ 384 | $ 439 | $ 288 |
Non-U.S. | 376 | 292 | 407 |
Profit before income taxes | 760 | 731 | 695 |
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract] | |||
U.S. | 36 | 116 | 101 |
Non-U.S. | 150 | 95 | 162 |
State (U.S.) | 3 | 5 | 5 |
Current income tax provision | 189 | 216 | 268 |
Deferred income tax provision (benefit): | |||
U.S. | 33 | (36) | (56) |
Non-U.S. | (31) | 8 | (33) |
State (U.S.) | 1 | 1 | (1) |
Deferred income tax provision | 3 | (27) | (90) |
Total Provision for income taxes | 192 | 189 | $ 178 |
Income taxes payable | $ 190 | $ 275 |
Income Taxes (Details 3)
Income Taxes (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Deferred tax assets | ||
Other assets | $ 144 | $ 115 |
Deferred tax liabilities | ||
Other liabilities | 617 | 610 |
Deferred income taxes, net | $ (473) | $ (495) |
Income Taxes (Details 4)
Income Taxes (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract] | ||
Allowance for credit losses | $ 95 | $ 97 |
Tax carryforwards | 103 | 93 |
Revenue timing differences | 16 | 20 |
Deferred Tax Assets, Other | (2) | 28 |
Deferred tax assets, gross | 214 | 210 |
Components of Deferred Tax Liabilities [Abstract] | ||
Capital assets, including lease basis differences | (430) | (461) |
Deferred income tax on translation adjustment | 200 | 219 |
Undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries | (16) | 0 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross | (646) | (680) |
Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets | (39) | (53) |
Deferred income taxes, net | $ (473) | $ (495) |
Income Taxes (Details 5)
Income Taxes (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards | ||
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance | $ 39 | $ 53 |
U.S. state taxing jurisdictions | ||
Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards | ||
Gross deferred income tax asset associated with NOL carryforwards | 6 | |
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance | 1 | |
Non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions | ||
Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards | ||
NOL carryforwards | 11 | |
NOL carryforwards, Valuation allowance | 37 | |
Non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions | Expiration Date 2026-2032 [Member] | ||
Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards | ||
NOL carryforwards | 85 | |
Foreign Tax Authority, Specific Entity | ||
Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards | ||
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense | $ 48 |
Income Taxes (Details 6)
Income Taxes (Details 6) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Reconciliation of unrecognized income tax benefits | |||
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year | $ 127 | $ 131 | $ 119 |
Additions for income tax positions related to current year | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Additions for income tax positions related to prior year | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Decrease Resulting from Prior Period Tax Positions | (2) | 0 | 0 |
Reductions for income tax positions related to settlements | 6 | 4 | 0 |
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year | 119 | 127 | 131 |
Unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate | 119 | 127 | $ 131 |
Accrued interest and penalties | $ 6 | $ 3 |
Fair Value Measurements (Detail
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Recurring basis | Level 2 | ||
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis | ||
Derivative financial instruments, net asset (liability) position | $ 65 | $ 218 |
Fair Value Measurements (Deta_2
Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Level 3 | ||
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis | ||
Loans carried at fair value | $ 55 | $ 68 |
Fair Value Measurements (Deta_3
Fair Value Measurements (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 |
Fair Value, Level 2 | ||
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings | ||
Long-term debt | $ 23,299 | $ 20,686 |
Fair Value, Level 3 | ||
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings | ||
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases) | 20,330 | 18,448 |
Carrying Amount | ||
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings | ||
Finance receivables, net (excluding finance leases) | 20,746 | 19,085 |
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings | ||
Long-term debt | 23,612 | 21,418 |
Carrying amount of assets excluded from measurement at fair value | ||
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings | ||
Finance leases and failed sale leasebacks, Carrying Value | $ 7,000 | $ 7,360 |
Transactions with Related Par_3
Transactions with Related Parties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Related Party Transaction | |||
Dividend paid to Caterpillar | $ 425 | $ 275 | $ 850 |
Maximum borrowing capacity from Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,440 | ||
Maximum lending capacity to Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,140 | ||
Payable to dealers and others | 157 | 163 | |
Other receivables from Caterpillar | 332 | 419 | |
Interest | 1,033 | 566 | 455 |
Revenue earned on purchased receivables | 617 | 417 | 301 |
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | 28,077 | 26,787 | |
Revenues | 3,248 | 2,734 | 2,562 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 713 | 718 | 755 |
General, operating and administrative | 588 | 531 | 528 |
Caterpillar | |||
Related Party Transaction | |||
Dividend paid to Caterpillar | 425 | 275 | 850 |
Maximum borrowing capacity from Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,440 | ||
Maximum lending capacity to Caterpillar, Variable lending agreements | 2,140 | ||
Notes Payable | 24 | 23 | 22 |
Payable to dealers and others | 113 | 101 | 73 |
Notes receivable from Caterpillar | 527 | 482 | 389 |
Other receivables from Caterpillar | 39 | 133 | 70 |
Interest | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Interest income on Notes Receivable with Caterpillar(1) | 21 | 17 | 14 |
Purchases of receivables from Caterpillar | 53,382 | 47,158 | 40,140 |
Revenue earned on purchased receivables | 617 | 417 | 301 |
Marketing program payments received | 332 | 339 | 351 |
Total portfolio, which includes Finance receivables, net and Equipment on operating lease, net | 155 | 143 | |
Revenues | 27 | 24 | 25 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 18 | 17 | 17 |
Amount of our portfolio that is subject to guarantees by Caterpillar | 376 | 448 | |
General, operating and administrative | 50 | 52 | 52 |
Administrative support services to certain Caterpillar subsidiaries reimbursed by Caterpillar | 15 | 13 | 12 |
Caterpillar Purchased Receivables | |||
Related Party Transaction | |||
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss | $ 3,949 | $ 4,297 | $ 4,462 |
Segment and Geographic Inform_3
Segment and Geographic Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | $ 3,248 | $ 2,734 | $ 2,562 |
Profit before income taxes | 760 | 731 | 695 |
Interest expense | 1,033 | 566 | 455 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 713 | 718 | 755 |
Provision for credit losses | 49 | 81 | 70 |
Assets | 33,112 | 31,957 | 32,387 |
Capital expenditures | 1,297 | 1,139 | 1,216 |
Operating Segments | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 3,179 | 2,711 | 2,558 |
Profit before income taxes | 1,003 | 881 | 825 |
Interest expense | 948 | 608 | 473 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 713 | 718 | 755 |
Provision for credit losses | 48 | 81 | 70 |
Assets | 31,159 | 30,257 | 31,098 |
Capital expenditures | 1,288 | 1,130 | 1,208 |
Unallocated | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 83 | 35 | 15 |
Profit before income taxes | (507) | (312) | (295) |
Interest expense | 394 | 204 | 179 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Provision for credit losses | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Assets | 2,054 | 1,628 | 1,458 |
Capital expenditures | 9 | 9 | 8 |
Segment Reconciling Items | Timing | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | (14) | (12) | (11) |
Profit before income taxes | 2 | 4 | 6 |
Interest expense | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Provision for credit losses | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets | 20 | 18 | 15 |
Capital expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Segment Reconciling Items | Methodology | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Profit before income taxes | 262 | 158 | 159 |
Interest expense | (309) | (246) | (197) |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Provision for credit losses | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets | 145 | 278 | 18 |
Capital expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Inter-segment Eliminations | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Profit before income taxes | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Interest expense | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Provision for credit losses | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets | (266) | (224) | (202) |
Capital expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 |
North America | Operating Segments | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 1,786 | 1,512 | 1,401 |
Profit before income taxes | 596 | 550 | 419 |
Interest expense | 463 | 263 | 250 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 512 | 503 | 542 |
Provision for credit losses | 32 | 25 | 15 |
Assets | 16,303 | 15,229 | 15,755 |
Capital expenditures | 961 | 862 | 888 |
EAME | Operating Segments | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 368 | 285 | 274 |
Profit before income taxes | 101 | 12 | 73 |
Interest expense | 103 | 79 | 21 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 57 | 55 | 60 |
Provision for credit losses | 3 | 49 | 30 |
Assets | 5,117 | 5,067 | 5,192 |
Capital expenditures | 73 | 117 | 92 |
Asia/Pacific | Operating Segments | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 278 | 283 | 340 |
Profit before income taxes | 105 | 134 | 170 |
Interest expense | 102 | 73 | 84 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 4 | 5 | 7 |
Provision for credit losses | (2) | 6 | 9 |
Assets | 3,435 | 3,921 | 4,117 |
Capital expenditures | 4 | 6 | 10 |
Latin America | Operating Segments | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 348 | 284 | 202 |
Profit before income taxes | 103 | 85 | 24 |
Interest expense | 174 | 136 | 68 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 12 | 10 | 8 |
Provision for credit losses | 1 | 7 | 52 |
Assets | 2,583 | 2,636 | 2,405 |
Capital expenditures | 21 | 25 | 12 |
Mining | Operating Segments | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 341 | 294 | 289 |
Profit before income taxes | 99 | 63 | 98 |
Interest expense | 80 | 42 | 37 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 126 | 143 | 136 |
Provision for credit losses | (2) | 9 | (15) |
Assets | 3,059 | 2,700 | 2,672 |
Capital expenditures | 229 | 120 | 206 |
Power | Operating Segments | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
External revenues | 58 | 53 | 52 |
Profit before income taxes | (1) | 37 | 41 |
Interest expense | 26 | 15 | 13 |
Depreciation on equipment leased to others | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Provision for credit losses | 16 | (15) | (21) |
Assets | 662 | 704 | 957 |
Capital expenditures | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Segment and Geographic Inform_4
Segment and Geographic Information (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets | |||
External revenues | $ 3,248 | $ 2,734 | $ 2,562 |
Equipment on operating leases, net and property and equipment, net (included in Other assets) | 3,149 | 3,043 | |
Inside U.S. | |||
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets | |||
External revenues | 1,879 | 1,551 | 1,422 |
Equipment on operating leases, net and property and equipment, net (included in Other assets) | 2,066 | 2,036 | |
Inside Canada | |||
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets | |||
Equipment on operating leases, net and property and equipment, net (included in Other assets) | 539 | 507 | |
All other | |||
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets | |||
External revenues | 1,369 | 1,183 | $ 1,140 |
Equipment on operating leases, net and property and equipment, net (included in Other assets) | $ 544 | $ 500 |