SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SJW Group, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and two variable interest entities in which two SJW Group subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. SJW Group’s principal subsidiary, San Jose Water Company, is a regulated California water utility providing water service to approximately one million people in the greater metropolitan San Jose area. San Jose Water Company’s accounting policies comply with the applicable uniform system of accounts prescribed by the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) and conform to generally accepted accounting principles for rate-regulated public utilities. Approximately 92% of San Jose Water Company’s revenues are derived from the sale of water to residential and business customers. SJWTX, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of SJW Group, is incorporated in the State of Texas and is doing business as Canyon Lake Water Service Company (“CLWSC”). CLWSC is a public utility in the business of providing water service to approximately 42,000 people. CLWSC’s service area comprises more than 244 square miles in western Comal County and southern Blanco County in the growing region between San Antonio and Austin, Texas. SJWTX, Inc. has a 25% interest in Acequia Water Supply Corporation. Acequia has been determined to be a variable interest entity within the scope of ASC Topic 810 with SJWTX, Inc. as the primary beneficiary. As a result, Acequia has been consolidated with SJWTX, Inc. SJW Land Company owns a commercial property, an undeveloped real estate property, and a warehouse property in the state of Tennessee. SJW Land Company also holds a 70% limited partnership interest in 444 West Santa Clara Street, L.P. 444 West Santa Clara Street, L.P. has been determined to be a variable interest entity within the scope of ASC Topic 810 with SJW Land Company as the primary beneficiary. As a result, 444 West Santa Clara Street L.P. has been consolidated with SJW Land Company (see Note 9, “Partnership Interest”). Texas Water Alliance Limited, formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of SJW Group, was undertaking activities that were necessary to develop a water supply project in Texas. In connection with the project, TWA had water lease arrangements with certain landowners in Gonzales County, Texas and had obtained groundwater production and transportation permits from the groundwater district in Gonzales County. On February 22, 2016, SJW Group entered into an agreement with the GBRA, pursuant to which SJW Group agreed to sell all of its equity interests in TWA to GBRA for $31,000 in cash (the “TWA Agreement”). The TWA Agreement was subject to specified closing conditions, including the completion of a financing by GBRA to fund the purchase price. The transaction closed with GBRA on November 16, 2017. See Note 13, “Texas Water Alliance.” On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1) (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law. Among other things, the Tax Act permanently lowers the corporate tax rate to 21% from the existing maximum rate of 35% , effective for tax years including or commencing January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate tax rate to 21% , U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require companies to revalue their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of the enactment. See Note 5, “Income Taxes” for discussion on the effect of the tax reform act on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force,” which provides guidance on the presentation of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. SJW Group early adopted this ASU during the quarter ended December 31, 2016. The adoption of the ASU did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements in prior periods. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Utility Plant The cost of additions, replacements and betterments to utility plant is capitalized. The amount of interest capitalized in 2017 , 2016 and 2015 was $2,807 , $2,188 and $1,188 , respectively. Construction in progress was $ 45,851 and $ 70,453 at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The major components of depreciable plant and equipment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: 2017 2016 Equipment $ 307,938 269,734 Transmission and distribution 1,295,690 1,204,520 Office buildings and other structures 110,600 79,762 Total depreciable plant and equipment $ 1,714,228 1,554,016 Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated service lives of the assets, ranging from 5 to 75 years . The estimated service lives of depreciable plant and equipment are as follows: Useful Lives Equipment 5 to 35 years Transmission and distribution plant 35 to 75 years Office buildings and other structures 7 to 50 years For the years 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , depreciation expense as a percent of the beginning of the year balance of depreciable plant was approximately 3.6% , 3.5% and 3.4% , respectively. A portion of depreciation expense was allocated to administrative and general expense. For the years 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the amounts allocated to administrative and general expense were $2,209 , $1,670 and $1,590 , respectively. Depreciation expense for utility plant for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 was $46,456 , $42,659 and $38,722 , respectively. The cost of utility plant retired, including retirement costs (less salvage), is charged to accumulated depreciation and no gain or loss is recognized. Utility Plant Intangible Assets All intangible assets are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, ranging from 5 to 70 years (see Note 6, “Intangible Assets”). Real Estate Investments Real estate investments are recorded at cost and consist primarily of land and buildings. Net gains and losses from the sale of real estate investments are recorded as a component of other (expense) income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Nonutility property in Water Utility Services is also classified in real estate investments and not separately disclosed on the balance sheet based on the immateriality of the amount. Nonutility property is property that is neither used nor useful in providing water utility services to customers and is excluded from the rate base for rate-setting purposes. San Jose Water Company recognizes gain/loss on disposition of nonutility property in accordance with CPUC Code Section 790, whereby the net proceeds are reinvested back into property that is useful in providing water utility services to customers. There is no depreciation associated with nonutility property as it is all land. The major components of real estate investments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: 2017 2016 Land $ 13,262 15,218 Buildings and improvements 42,951 46,826 Intangibles — 149 Total real estate investment $ 56,213 62,193 Depreciation on real estate investments is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 7 to 39 years . The estimated service lives of depreciable real estate investments are as follows: Useful Lives Buildings and improvements 7 to 39 years Intangibles 7 to 12 years On April 6, 2017, 444 West Santa Clara Street, L.P. sold all of its interests in the commercial building and land the partnership owned and operated for $11,000 . 444 West Santa Clara Street, L.P. recognized a pre-tax gain on sale of real estate investments of $6,323 , after selling expenses of $1,157 . SJW Land Company holds a 70% limited interest in 444 West Santa Clara Street, L.P. SJW Land Company and the noncontrolling interest recognized a pre-tax gain on sale of real estate investments of $4,427 and $1,896 , respectively, on the transaction. In addition, SJW Land Company sold undeveloped land located in San Jose, California for $1,350 on April 6, 2017. SJW Land Company recognized a pre-tax gain on sale of real estate investments of $580 on the transaction, after selling expenses of $14 . In 2015, SJW Land Company was notified by the Arizona Department of Transportation that in order to achieve their goals of developing a new freeway extension, they, in conjunction with the Federal Highway Commission, would be exercising their powers of eminent domain for SJW Land Company’s warehouse building located in Phoenix, Arizona. On September 8, 2016, SJW Land Company sold the Arizona warehouse building and received a settlement value of $20,000 . Title to the property transferred on October 13, 2016 upon the recording of the court’s Final Order of Condemnation. SJW Group recognized a pre-tax gain on sale of real estate investments in the fourth quarter of 2016 of $9,981 , after selling expenses of $112 . On August 14, 2015, San Jose Water Company sold five nonutility properties located in San Jose, California for $2,015 . SJW Group recognized a pre-tax gain on the sale of real estate investments of $1,886 , after selling expenses of $91 . Real estate investments include $55,966 and $61,179 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, of assets that are leased or available for lease. The following schedule shows the future minimum rental payments to be received from third parties under operating leases that have remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2017 : Year ending December 31: Rental Revenue 2018 $ 4,351 2019 4,432 2020 4,513 2021 2,644 2022 1,184 Thereafter 6,763 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 360—“Property, Plant and Equipment,” the long-lived assets of SJW Group are reviewed for impairment when changes in circumstances or events require adjustments to the carrying values of the assets. When such changes in circumstances or events occur, the Company assesses recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. To the extent an impairment exists, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value with a corresponding charge to operations in the period in which the impairment is identified. Long-lived assets consist primarily of utility plant in service, real estate investments, intangible assets, and regulatory assets. In addition, the Company tests unamortized intangible assets, which primarily relate to water rights, at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. SJW Group first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. In assessing the qualitative factors, the Company considers the impact of these key factors: change in industry and competitive environment, financial performance, and other relevant Company-specific events. If the Company determines that as a result of the qualitative assessment it is more likely than not (> 50% likelihood) that the fair value is less than carrying amount, then a quantitative test is performed. No impairments occurred during 2017 , 2016 or 2015 . Financial Instruments The following instruments are not measured at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets but require disclosure of fair values: cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The estimated fair value of such instruments approximates their carrying value as reported on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of such financial instruments are determined using the income approach based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. The fair value of these instruments would be categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, which would be categorized as Level 1. The fair value of long-term debt is discussed in Note 4, pension plan assets in Note 10 and investment in California Water Service Group Stock in Note 14. Investment in California Water Service Group SJW Group’s investment in California Water Service Group is accounted for under FASB ASC Topic 320—“Investments—Debt and Equity Securities,” as an available-for-sale marketable security. The investment is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at its quoted market price with the change in unrealized gain or loss reported, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) (see Note 14). Regulatory Rate Filings On February 25, 2016, the CPUC passed Resolution W-5074 which affirmed San Jose Water Company’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan in Schedule 14.1 with water allocations and drought surcharges. Schedule 14.1 is the tariff that includes the drought allocations and drought surcharges in effect for residential customers and for dedicated landscape services. San Jose Water Company originally implemented Schedule 14.1 in June 2015 in response to the Governor’s Executive Order B-29-15, and by orders of the State Water Board and the CPUC. San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letters 491 and 493 on June 24, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively, with the CPUC to revise the existing Tariff Rule 14.1. The applicable tariffs were revised to reflect SCVWD conservation standard of a 20% reduction from 2013 usage levels. With these advice letters, San Jose Water Company proposed to ease the existing drought allocations and existing drought rules. San Jose Water Company’s requested changes were approved by the CPUC with an effective date of July 1, 2016. Subsequently, with the improved water supply outlook, the allocation and drought surcharge program was suspended effective February 1, 2017. On November 15, 2016, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 498 with the CPUC requesting a revenue increase of $13,205 , or 3.8% , for the 2017 escalation year included in the 2015 General Rate Case. This request was approved and the new rates became effective on January 1, 2017. On January 6, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 501 with the CPUC requesting authorization to implement a sales reconciliation mechanism to better conform to water forecasts authorized in the last general rate case to recorded consumption for the period of October 2015 through September 2016. The CPUC had ordered all Class A and B water utilities that have a five percent or greater divergence between authorized and actual sales during declared drought years to consider requesting a sales reconciliation mechanism to better conform to sale forecasts authorized in the last general rate case to recorded consumption. On May 3, 2017, the CPUC rejected the filing citing the end of the drought and the improved California water supply conditions. On May 10, 2017, San Jose Water Company formally requested the CPUC ’ s review of the rejection. The request was rejected by the CPUC on January 11, 2018, due to the improved water supply conditions. San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 505 on January 27, 2017 with the CPUC to suspend its allocation program and all drought surcharges in Schedule 14.1, Water Shortage Contingency Plan with Staged Mandatory Reductions and Drought Surcharges. However, Schedule 14.1, and all of the water use restrictions defined therein, remain in effect in light of the call for continued conservation by the SCVWD and the State Water Resources Control Board. The allocations and drought surcharges were suspended effective February 1, 2017. On February 17, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 506 with the CPUC requesting authorization to increase its revenue requirement by $5,339 via a rate base offset for calendar year 2016 plant additions related to the Montevina Water Treatment Plant upgrade project. The bill for a residential customer using 15 CCF per month will increase by $1.52 , or 1.5% per month. The advice letter was approved and new rates became effective March 20, 2017. As required by the CPUC, on April 3, 2017 San Jose Water Company filed an application requesting authority to increase its authorized Cost of Capital for the period from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2020. The cost of capital determination is a triannual regulatory process in which the CPUC determines a regulated water utility’s cost of long-term debt and common stock and the components of its authorized capital structure. If approved by the CPUC as originally filed, San Jose Water Company’s annual revenues would have increased by approximately $7,550 or about 2.1% in 2018. On February 6, 2018, the CPUC issued a proposed decision. The proposed decision provides for a reduction to San Jose Water Company’s authorized return on equity from 9.43% to 8.30% and its overall return on rate base from 8.09% to 7.19% . The proposal is subject to change until a final CPUC decision is determined at the full CPUC meeting currently scheduled for March 22, 2018. If the proposal is approved without change, the reduction in authorized revenue requirement would be approximately $10,000 for 2018 which could have a material adverse impact on SJW Group’s net income. On May 2, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 508 with the CPUC to reinstate surcharges to recover the remaining $996 balance from the 2014 Mandatory Conservation Revenue Adjustment Memorandum Account (“MCRAMA”) and to recover the remaining $2,233 balance from the 2015 Water Conservation Memorandum Account (“WCMA”). The under-collections will be recovered via surcharges of $0.08 per CCF and $0.1441 per CCF on the existing quantity rate for the 2014 MCRAMA and the 2015 WCMA, respectively. This request was approved on June 1, 2017. San Jose Water Company anticipates collection of the remaining amounts in less than 12 months. On May 26, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 509 with the CPUC requesting authorization to increase revenues by $12,407 , or approximately 3.46% . The increase is intended to offset the increases to purchased potable water, ground water production, and purchased recycled water charges implemented by San Jose Water Company’s water wholesaler effective July 1, 2017. This request was approved on June 26, 2017. On June 6, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 510 with the CPUC requesting authorization to issue a surcredit totaling $1,794 to refund service charge rate changes as a result of a change in billing practice effective January 1, 2017. The refund period covers prorated service charge rate changes that occurred from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2016. On August 11, 2017, the CPUC rejected Advice Letter No. 510 citing the formal complaint filed by some customers and served to San Jose Water Company by the CPUC over the same issue. A pre-hearing conference was held on the formal complaint on September 12, 2017, where the parties agreed to suspend the proceeding. On September 29, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 512 with the CPUC requesting authorization to re-implement a surcharge to recover the under-collected balance of $11,474 remaining from the 2012 General Rate Case true-up due to the delayed 2012 General Rate Case Application decision. Actual sales were substantially lower than the CPUC authorized sales estimate used to calculate the surcharge amount over the three-year recovery period. San Jose water Company is seeking to recover the remaining under-collected balance. This request was withdrawn on January 5, 2018, and the recovery of the remaining under-collected balance was requested as part of our 2018 General Rate Case Application. On November 15, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 513/513A with the CPUC requesting a revenue increase of $15,670 , or 4.22% , for the 2018 escalation year included in the 2015 General Rate Case. This request was approved and the new rates became effective on January 1, 2018. On November 29, 2017, San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 514 with the CPUC requesting to adjust the Utilities Reimbursement Account User Fees as directed by CPUC Resolution M-4832. The reimbursement fee was reduced from 1.44% to 1.40% . This request was approved and the new fee became effective on January 1, 2018. San Jose Water Company filed Advice Letter No. 515 on December 28, 2017 with the CPUC requesting authorization to establish the 2018 Tax Accounting Memorandum Account. This memorandum account will capture any changes to revenue requirement resulting from the impact of the Tax Act signed into law December 22, 2017. This request became effective on January 1, 2018. On January 4, 2018, San Jose Water Company filed General Rate Case Application No. 18-01-004 requesting authority for an increase of revenue of $34,288 , or 9.76% , in 2019, $14,232 , or 3.70% , in 2020 and $20,582 , or 5.17% , in 2021. The application also includes requests to recover $20,725 from balancing and memorandum accounts, the establishment of a Water Revenue Adjustment Mechanism and Sales Reconciliation Mechanism, and a shift to greater revenue collection in the service charge. The application is a year-long review process and the new rates, if approved, are expected to be effective January 1, 2019. CLWSC is subject to the economic regulation of the Public Utilities Commission of Texas (“PUCT”). The PUCT authorize rate increases after the filing of an Application for a Rate/Tariff Change. Rate cases may be filed as they become necessary, provided there is no current rate case outstanding. Further, rate cases may not be filed more frequently than once every 12 months. Balancing and Memorandum Accounts For California, the CPUC has established a balancing account mechanism for the purpose of tracking the under-collection or over-collection associated with expense changes and the revenue authorized by the CPUC to offset those expense changes. San Jose Water Company also maintains memorandum accounts to track revenue impacts due to catastrophic events, certain unforeseen water quality expenses related to new federal and state water quality standards, energy efficiency, water conservation, water tariffs, and other approved activities or as directed by the CPUC such as the memorandum account for the Tax Act. Balancing and memorandum accounts are recognized by San Jose Water Company when it is probable that future recovery of previously incurred costs or future refunds that are to be credited to customers will occur through the ratemaking process. In addition, in the case of special revenue programs such as the WCMA, San Jose Water Company follows the requirements of ASC Topic 980-605-25—“Alternative Revenue Programs” in determining revenue recognition, including the requirement that such revenues will be collected within 24 months of the year-end in which the revenue is recorded. A reserve is recorded for amounts SJW Group estimates will not be collected within the 24-month period. This reserve is based on an estimate of actual usage over the recovery period, offset by applicable drought surcharges. In assessing the probability criteria for balancing and memorandum accounts between general rate cases, San Jose Water Company considers evidence that may exist prior to CPUC authorization that would satisfy ASC Topic 980 subtopic 340-25 recognition criteria. Such evidence may include regulatory rules and decisions, past practices, and other facts and circumstances that would indicate that recovery or refund is probable. When such evidence provides sufficient support, the balances are recorded in SJW Group’s financial statements. Based on ASC Topic 980-605-25, San Jose Water Company recognized regulatory assets of $13,699 due to lost revenues accumulated in the 2017 WCMA account for the year ended December 31, 2017 . These regulatory assets were partially offset by a regulatory liability in the amount of $6,041 created by Tariff Rule 14.1 drought surcharges collected as allowed for in Advice Letter 473A. At the end of the second quarter of 2017, there was no longer a balance of drought surcharges collected to fully offset the 2017 WCMA account. The remaining balance of $961 in the drought surcharge account at June 30, 2017 is related to amounts collected outside of the California regulated entity. San Jose Water Company reclassified the balance to other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 . Of the $13,699 recognized in the 2017 WCMA account for the year ended December 31, 2017 , $7,658 was not covered by drought surcharges and was recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 , less $1,169 recorded for reserve which is the estimated amount that may not be collected within the 24-month period defined in the guidance. These amounts have been recorded in the 2017 WCMA balance shown in the table below. In the first quarter of 2017, San Jose Water Company updated the allocation of new customer accounts between residential and business customers to align closer to the current residential and business statistics for the year ended December 31, 2016. The reallocation resulted in a recalculation of the 2016 WCMA account and a recognition of additional regulatory assets of $1,371 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Based on quantitative as well as qualitative factors, the SJW Group determined that this amount was not material to quarterly or annual net income and earnings per share in 2016, quarterly net income and earnings per share in the first quarter of 2017, and was not material to the 2017 annual financial results. As such, SJW Group corrected the error in the first quarter of 2017. In addition, recorded interest related to the 2016 WCMA balance as of December 31, 2017 was $196 . The amount recorded as a regulatory asset was offset by a regulatory liability in the amount of $1,452 during the year ended December 31, 2017 previously created by Tariff Rule 14.1 drought surcharges. These amounts have been recorded in the 2016 WCMA row shown in the table below. On December 3, 2015, the CPUC approved a surcharge to recover lost revenues for the period of April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 related to the ongoing drought and the associated calls for water use reduction from the SCVWD. The resolution authorized San Jose Water Company to recover $4,259 of lost revenues tracked through the WCMA account over a twelve month period via a surcharge of $0.08 per CCF beginning December 9, 2015. A reserve was recorded of $1,278 for the estimated amount that may not be collected within 24 months of December 31, 2015, the year-end of the period in which the revenue is being recorded, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 980-605-25—“Alternative Revenue Programs”. The reserve was determined based on the difference between authorized usage in the last general rate case decision and an estimate of actual usage over the recovery period, offset by applicable drought surcharges. The net amount of $2,981 had been recorded into the 2014 WCMA in the table below for the year ended December 31, 2015 . As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , there was $0 and $1,090 reserve balance, respectively, which has been netted from the balances below. Based on FASB ASC Topic 980-605-25—“Alternative Revenue Programs,” San Jose Water Company also recognized in revenue $19,854 of lost revenues accumulated in the WCMA account for the year ended December 31, 2015 less a $2,343 reserve for the estimated amount that may not be collected within the 24 month period defined in the guidance. The regulatory asset was offset with the regulatory liability amount of $12,139 representing Tariff Rule 14.1 drought surcharges collected for the same period as allowed for in Advice Letter 473A which was approved by the CPUC and became effective June 15, 2015. The net amount of $5,372 had been recorded as a revenue addition in the 2015 WCMA row in the table below. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the reserve balance for the 2015 WCMA was $0 and $2,115 , respectively, which has been netted from the balances below. San Jose Water Company met the recognition requirements for certain of its balancing and memorandum accounts and certain amounts subject to balancing and memorandum accounts and recorded revenue and regulatory assets as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 Beginning Balance Revenue Increase (Reduction) Refunds (Collections) Surcharge Offset and Other Ending Balance Memorandum accounts: 2014 WCMA $ — 1,090 (1,047 ) — 43 2015 WCMA 1,589 2,101 (3,657 ) — 33 2016 WCMA — 1,567 — (1,452 ) 115 2017 WCMA — 12,530 — (6,041 ) 6,489 All others 2,768 1,762 453 — 4,983 Total memorandum accounts $ 4,357 19,050 (4,251 ) (7,493 ) 11,663 Balancing accounts: Water supply costs 5,190 2,921 568 — 8,679 Drought surcharges (7,688 ) — (765 ) 8,453 — Pension (2,009 ) 894 (1,344 ) — (2,459 ) 2012 General Rate Case true-up 20,682 — (9,363 ) — 11,319 2015 General Rate Case true-up 5,528 — (5,413 ) — 115 All others (151 ) (678 ) (638 ) 75 (1,392 ) Total balancing accounts $ 21,552 3,137 (16,955 ) 8,528 16,262 Total $ 25,909 22,187 (21,206 ) 1,035 27,925 For the year ended December 31, 2016 Beginning Balance Revenue Increase (Reduction) Refunds (Collections) Surcharge Offset Ending Balance Memorandum accounts: 2014 WCMA $ 2,944 188 (3,132 ) — — 2015 WCMA 5,372 211 (3,994 ) — 1,589 2016 WCMA — 16,708 — (16,708 ) — All others 594 1,756 418 — 2,768 Total memorandum accounts $ 8,910 18,863 (6,708 ) (16,708 ) 4,357 Balancing accounts: Water supply costs 2,771 1,620 799 — 5,190 Drought surcharges (359 ) — (24,037 ) 16,708 (7,688 ) Pension (552 ) 1,120 (2,577 ) — (2,009 ) 2012 General Rate Case true-up 33,070 — (12,388 ) — 20,682 2015 General Rate Case true-up — 8,767 (3,239 ) — 5,528 All others 1,366 (483 ) (1,034 ) — (151 ) Total balancing accounts $ 36,296 11,024 (42,476 ) 16,708 21,552 Total $ 45,206 29,887 (49,184 ) — 25,909 For the year ended December 31, 2015 Beginning Balance Revenue Increase (Reduction) Refunds (Collections) Surcharge Offset Ending Balance Memorandum accounts: 2014 WCMA $ — 2,981 (37 ) — 2,944 2015 WCMA — 17,511 — (12,139 ) 5,372 All others $ (1,377 ) 1,494 477 — 594 Total memorandum accounts $ (1,377 ) 21,986 440 (12,139 ) 8,910 Balancing accounts: Water supply costs 890 2,025 (144 ) — 2,771 Drought surcharges — — (12,498 ) 12,139 (359 ) Pension 1,412 (924 ) (1,040 ) — (552 ) 2012 General Rate Case true-up 44,400 1,937 (13,267 ) — 33,070 All others 1,736 (293 ) (77 ) — 1,366 Total balancing accounts $ 48,438 2,745 (27,026 ) 12,139 36,296 Total $ 47,061 24,731 (26,586 ) — 45,206 As of December 31, 2017 , the total balance in San Jose Water Company’s balancing and memorandum accounts combined, including interest, that has not been recorded into the financial statements was a net under-collection of $3,738 . All balancing accounts and memorandum-type accounts not included for recovery or refund in the current general rate case will be reviewed by the CPUC in San Jose Water Company’s next general rate case or at the time an individual account reaches a threshold of 2% of authorized revenue, whichever occurs first. Regulatory Assets and Liabilities Generally accepted accounting principles for water utilities include the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities as permitted by ASC Topic 980. In accordance with ASC Topic 980, Water Utility Services, to the extent applicable, records deferred costs and credits on the balance sheet as regulatory assets and liabilities when it is probable that these costs and credits will be recognized in the ratemaking process in a period d |