Basis of Presentation (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2018 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | BASIS OF PRESENTATION Nature of Operations Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (“PREIT” or the “Company”) prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although we believe that the included disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Our unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in PREIT’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position, the consolidated results of our operations, consolidated statements of other comprehensive income , consolidated statements of equity and our consolidated statements of cash flows are included. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. PREIT, a Pennsylvania business trust founded in 1960 and one of the first equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) in the United States, has a primary investment focus on retail shopping malls located in the eastern half of the United States, primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region. Our portfolio currently consists of a total of 29 properties located in 10 states and operating in nine states, including 21 shopping malls, four other retail properties and four development or redevelopment properties. We have one property under redevelopment classified as “retail” (redevelopment of The Gallery at Market East into Fashion District Philadelphia (“Fashion District Philadelphia”)). Three properties in our portfolio are classified as under development; however, we do not currently have any activity occurring at these properties. We hold our interest in our portfolio of properties through our operating partnership, PREIT Associates, L.P. (“PREIT Associates” or the “Operating Partnership”). We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of March 31, 2018 , we held an 89.5% controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, and consolidated it for reporting purposes. The presentation of consolidated financial statements does not itself imply that the assets of any consolidated entity (including any special-purpose entity formed for a particular project) are available to pay the liabilities of any other consolidated entity, or that the liabilities of any consolidated entity (including any special-purpose entity formed for a particular project) are obligations of any other consolidated entity. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership, each of the limited partners has the right to redeem such partner’s units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”) for cash or, at our election, we may acquire such OP Units in exchange for our common shares on a one-for-one basis, in some cases beginning one year following the respective issue dates of the OP Units and in other cases immediately. If all of the outstanding OP Units held by limited partners had been redeemed for cash as of March 31, 2018 , the total amount that would have been distributed would have been $79.8 million , which is calculated using our March 29, 2018 (which was the last trading day in the first quarter of 2018) closing price on the New York Stock Exchange of $9.65 per share multiplied by the number of outstanding OP Units held by limited partners, which was 8,272,636 as of March 31, 2018 . We provide management, leasing and real estate development services through two of our subsidiaries: PREIT Services, LLC (“PREIT Services”), which generally develops and manages properties that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes, and PREIT-RUBIN, Inc. (“PRI”), which generally develops and manages properties that we do not consolidate for financial reporting purposes, including properties owned by partnerships in which we own an interest and properties that are owned by third parties in which we do not have an interest. PREIT Services and PRI are consolidated. PRI is a taxable REIT subsidiary, as defined by federal tax laws, which means that it is able to offer an expanded menu of services to tenants without jeopardizing our continuing qualification as a REIT under federal tax law. We evaluate operating results and allocate resources on a property-by-property basis, and do not distinguish or evaluate our consolidated operations on a geographic basis. Due to the nature of our operating properties, which involve retail shopping, we have concluded that our individual properties have similar economic characteristics and meet all other aggregation criteria. Accordingly, we have aggregated our individual properties into one reportable segment. In addition, no single tenant accounts for 10% or more of consolidated revenue, and none of our properties are located outside the United States. Fair Value Fair value accounting applies to reported balances that are required or permitted to be measured at fair value under existing accounting pronouncements. Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, these accounting requirements establish a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. We utilize the fair value hierarchy in our accounting for derivatives (Level 2) and financial instruments (Level 2) and in our reviews for impairment of real estate assets (Level 3) and goodwill (Level 3). New Accounting Developments In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ( the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . The objective of this new standard is to establish a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The core principle of this new standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No 2016-08, which updates Topic 606 to clarify principal versus agent considerations (reporting revenue gross versus net). The adoption of this new standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative adjustment as of the date of the adoption, if applicable. We did not record any such cumulative adjustment in connection with the implementation of the new pronouncement. The new revenue recognition standard will not have a material effect on our property revenues, the majority of which are subject to accounting guidance for leases, and will be subject to ASC 2016-02 when we adopt that new standard effective January 1, 2019 (see below). We recognize revenue for property operations when earned. Property operating revenues are disaggregated on the consolidated statement of operations into the categories of base rent, expense reimbursements, percentage rent, lease termination revenue and other real estate revenue, primarily in the amounts that correspond to these different categories as documented in various tenant leases. The types of our revenues that will be impacted by the new standard include property management revenues for services performed for third-party owned properties and for certain of our joint ventures, and certain billings to tenants for reimbursement of property marketing expenses. We expect that the amount and timing of the revenues that are impacted by this standard will be generally consistent with our previous measurement methodology and pattern of recognition. Revenue from the reimbursement of marketing expenses, which is recorded in other property revenues in the consolidated statement of operations, is generated through tenant leases that require tenants to reimburse a defined amount of property marketing expenses. Our contract performance obligations are fulfilled throughout the calendar year when marketing expenditures are made for each property. Payments from the tenants are made on a regular periodic basis (usually monthly) as agreed upon within the respective leases. We aggregate the tenant payments for each property and defer income recognition if the reimbursements are lower than the aggregate marketing expenditures through that date. Deferred marketing reimbursement income is recorded in tenants’ deposits and deferred rent on the consolidated balance sheet, and was $0.6 million and $0.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The marketing reimbursements are recognized as revenue at the time that the marketing expenditures occur. Marketing reimbursement revenue was $0.6 million , and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Property management revenue from management and development activities is generated through management contracts with third party owners of real estate properties or with certain of our joint ventures, and is recorded in other income in the consolidated statement of operations. In the case of management fees, our contract performance obligations are fulfilled at the time the management services are performed, which is usually on a monthly basis. Payments from the third party owners or joint ventures are usually made every month and generally not received in advance. Revenue is recognized on a monthly basis. In the case of development fees, these revenues are generated through development agreements with third parties or joint ventures. Our contract performance obligations are fulfilled each month as we perform certain stipulated development activities. Payments are generally made monthly, correspond to the volume of development activity or spending on the respective project and are not generally received in advance. Development fees are recognized as revenue, and are usually based upon spending levels or other activities, as defined in the respective agreements. Property management fee revenue for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0.2 million . Development fee revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million and $0.1 million , respectively. In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance. ASU 2017-05 focuses on recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets with noncustomers. It provides guidance as to the definition of an “in substance nonfinancial asset,” and provides guidance for sales of real estate, including partial sales. The Company adopted this new guidance effective January 1, 2018. This new guidance did not have a significant impact on our financial statements because all previous property sales were considered to be complete contracts and the related practical expedient was elected. We expect that future sale transactions will likely meet the criteria for full gain recognition on sale. This treatment is not different from our historical position when selling our entire interest in real estate properties; however, this historical treatment could be different in future partial sale transactions, should they occur. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities . The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. ASU 2017-12 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2018, utilizing a modified retrospective transition method in which the Company recognized the cumulative effect of the change on the opening balance of each affected component of equity in the statement of financial position as of January 1, 2018 (the date of adoption). The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2016 the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) , which provides guidance on the presentation of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents within the statement of cash flows. Accordingly, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-18 changed the presentation of the statement of cash flows for the Company and we utilized a retrospective transition method for each period presented within financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce diversity in the practice of how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows, including classification guidance for distributions received from equity method investments. The Company adopted this new standard effective January 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method. The statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 has been restated to reflect the adoption of ASU 2016-15. Upon adoption, we changed the prior period presentation of the statement of cash flows for $0.7 million of cash distributions from partnerships that was previously presented within net cash used in investing activities to now be reflected within net cash provided by operating activities for the three-months ended March 31, 2017 using the nature of the distribution approach. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . ASU 2016-02 will result in lessees recognizing most leased assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Leases of land and other arrangements where we are the lessee will be recognized on our balance sheet. Lessor accounting for us and for our equity method investments will remain substantially similar to the current accounting. Leasing costs that are eligible to be capitalized as initial direct costs are also limited by ASU 2016-02; such costs totaled approximately $5.3 million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $0.7 million and $1.0 million , respectively, represented leasing commissions paid to internal personnel for specific lease transactions, the capitalization of which is expected to continue to be permissible under the updated Topic 842. We will adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach required by the standard. We are currently evaluating the ultimate impact that the adoption of the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. |
Nature of Operations | Nature of Operations Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (“PREIT” or the “Company”) prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although we believe that the included disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Our unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in PREIT’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position, the consolidated results of our operations, consolidated statements of other comprehensive income , consolidated statements of equity and our consolidated statements of cash flows are included. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. PREIT, a Pennsylvania business trust founded in 1960 and one of the first equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) in the United States, has a primary investment focus on retail shopping malls located in the eastern half of the United States, primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region. Our portfolio currently consists of a total of 29 properties located in 10 states and operating in nine states, including 21 shopping malls, four other retail properties and four development or redevelopment properties. We have one property under redevelopment classified as “retail” (redevelopment of The Gallery at Market East into Fashion District Philadelphia (“Fashion District Philadelphia”)). Three properties in our portfolio are classified as under development; however, we do not currently have any activity occurring at these properties. We hold our interest in our portfolio of properties through our operating partnership, PREIT Associates, L.P. (“PREIT Associates” or the “Operating Partnership”). We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of March 31, 2018 , we held an 89.5% controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, and consolidated it for reporting purposes. The presentation of consolidated financial statements does not itself imply that the assets of any consolidated entity (including any special-purpose entity formed for a particular project) are available to pay the liabilities of any other consolidated entity, or that the liabilities of any consolidated entity (including any special-purpose entity formed for a particular project) are obligations of any other consolidated entity. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership, each of the limited partners has the right to redeem such partner’s units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”) for cash or, at our election, we may acquire such OP Units in exchange for our common shares on a one-for-one basis, in some cases beginning one year following the respective issue dates of the OP Units and in other cases immediately. If all of the outstanding OP Units held by limited partners had been redeemed for cash as of March 31, 2018 , the total amount that would have been distributed would have been $79.8 million , which is calculated using our March 29, 2018 (which was the last trading day in the first quarter of 2018) closing price on the New York Stock Exchange of $9.65 per share multiplied by the number of outstanding OP Units held by limited partners, which was 8,272,636 as of March 31, 2018 . We provide management, leasing and real estate development services through two of our subsidiaries: PREIT Services, LLC (“PREIT Services”), which generally develops and manages properties that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes, and PREIT-RUBIN, Inc. (“PRI”), which generally develops and manages properties that we do not consolidate for financial reporting purposes, including properties owned by partnerships in which we own an interest and properties that are owned by third parties in which we do not have an interest. PREIT Services and PRI are consolidated. PRI is a taxable REIT subsidiary, as defined by federal tax laws, which means that it is able to offer an expanded menu of services to tenants without jeopardizing our continuing qualification as a REIT under federal tax law. We evaluate operating results and allocate resources on a property-by-property basis, and do not distinguish or evaluate our consolidated operations on a geographic basis. Due to the nature of our operating properties, which involve retail shopping, we have concluded that our individual properties have similar economic characteristics and meet all other aggregation criteria. Accordingly, we have aggregated our individual properties into one reportable segment. In addition, no single tenant accounts for 10% or more of consolidated revenue, and none of our properties are located outside the United States. |
Fair Value | Fair Value Fair value accounting applies to reported balances that are required or permitted to be measured at fair value under existing accounting pronouncements. Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, these accounting requirements establish a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. We utilize the fair value hierarchy in our accounting for derivatives (Level 2) and financial instruments (Level 2) and in our reviews for impairment of real estate assets (Level 3) and goodwill (Level 3). |
New Accounting Developments | New Accounting Developments In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ( the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . The objective of this new standard is to establish a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The core principle of this new standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No 2016-08, which updates Topic 606 to clarify principal versus agent considerations (reporting revenue gross versus net). The adoption of this new standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative adjustment as of the date of the adoption, if applicable. We did not record any such cumulative adjustment in connection with the implementation of the new pronouncement. The new revenue recognition standard will not have a material effect on our property revenues, the majority of which are subject to accounting guidance for leases, and will be subject to ASC 2016-02 when we adopt that new standard effective January 1, 2019 (see below). We recognize revenue for property operations when earned. Property operating revenues are disaggregated on the consolidated statement of operations into the categories of base rent, expense reimbursements, percentage rent, lease termination revenue and other real estate revenue, primarily in the amounts that correspond to these different categories as documented in various tenant leases. The types of our revenues that will be impacted by the new standard include property management revenues for services performed for third-party owned properties and for certain of our joint ventures, and certain billings to tenants for reimbursement of property marketing expenses. We expect that the amount and timing of the revenues that are impacted by this standard will be generally consistent with our previous measurement methodology and pattern of recognition. Revenue from the reimbursement of marketing expenses, which is recorded in other property revenues in the consolidated statement of operations, is generated through tenant leases that require tenants to reimburse a defined amount of property marketing expenses. Our contract performance obligations are fulfilled throughout the calendar year when marketing expenditures are made for each property. Payments from the tenants are made on a regular periodic basis (usually monthly) as agreed upon within the respective leases. We aggregate the tenant payments for each property and defer income recognition if the reimbursements are lower than the aggregate marketing expenditures through that date. Deferred marketing reimbursement income is recorded in tenants’ deposits and deferred rent on the consolidated balance sheet, and was $0.6 million and $0.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The marketing reimbursements are recognized as revenue at the time that the marketing expenditures occur. Marketing reimbursement revenue was $0.6 million , and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Property management revenue from management and development activities is generated through management contracts with third party owners of real estate properties or with certain of our joint ventures, and is recorded in other income in the consolidated statement of operations. In the case of management fees, our contract performance obligations are fulfilled at the time the management services are performed, which is usually on a monthly basis. Payments from the third party owners or joint ventures are usually made every month and generally not received in advance. Revenue is recognized on a monthly basis. In the case of development fees, these revenues are generated through development agreements with third parties or joint ventures. Our contract performance obligations are fulfilled each month as we perform certain stipulated development activities. Payments are generally made monthly, correspond to the volume of development activity or spending on the respective project and are not generally received in advance. Development fees are recognized as revenue, and are usually based upon spending levels or other activities, as defined in the respective agreements. Property management fee revenue for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0.2 million . Development fee revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million and $0.1 million , respectively. In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance. ASU 2017-05 focuses on recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets with noncustomers. It provides guidance as to the definition of an “in substance nonfinancial asset,” and provides guidance for sales of real estate, including partial sales. The Company adopted this new guidance effective January 1, 2018. This new guidance did not have a significant impact on our financial statements because all previous property sales were considered to be complete contracts and the related practical expedient was elected. We expect that future sale transactions will likely meet the criteria for full gain recognition on sale. This treatment is not different from our historical position when selling our entire interest in real estate properties; however, this historical treatment could be different in future partial sale transactions, should they occur. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities . The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. ASU 2017-12 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2018, utilizing a modified retrospective transition method in which the Company recognized the cumulative effect of the change on the opening balance of each affected component of equity in the statement of financial position as of January 1, 2018 (the date of adoption). The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2016 the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) , which provides guidance on the presentation of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents within the statement of cash flows. Accordingly, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-18 changed the presentation of the statement of cash flows for the Company and we utilized a retrospective transition method for each period presented within financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce diversity in the practice of how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows, including classification guidance for distributions received from equity method investments. The Company adopted this new standard effective January 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method. The statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 has been restated to reflect the adoption of ASU 2016-15. Upon adoption, we changed the prior period presentation of the statement of cash flows for $0.7 million of cash distributions from partnerships that was previously presented within net cash used in investing activities to now be reflected within net cash provided by operating activities for the three-months ended March 31, 2017 using the nature of the distribution approach. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . ASU 2016-02 will result in lessees recognizing most leased assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Leases of land and other arrangements where we are the lessee will be recognized on our balance sheet. Lessor accounting for us and for our equity method investments will remain substantially similar to the current accounting. Leasing costs that are eligible to be capitalized as initial direct costs are also limited by ASU 2016-02; such costs totaled approximately $5.3 million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which $0.7 million and $1.0 million , respectively, represented leasing commissions paid to internal personnel for specific lease transactions, the capitalization of which is expected to continue to be permissible under the updated Topic 842. We will adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach required by the standard. We are currently evaluating the ultimate impact that the adoption of the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. |