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As Filed Electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2010
Securities Act File No. 333-
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-14
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | x | |||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ | |||
Post-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ |
COLUMBIA FUNDS SERIES TRUST I
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
One Financial Center
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
617-426-3750
(Registrant’s Area Code and Telephone Number)
Scott R. Plummer, Esq.
5228 Ameriprise Financial Center
Minneapolis, MN 55474
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
With a copy to:
Brian D. McCabe, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
Prudential Tower
800 Boylston Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02199
TITLE OF SECURITIES BEING REGISTERED:
Class A, Class B and Class C shares of the Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund series of the Registrant.
Class A, Class B and Class C shares of the Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund series of the Registrant.
Class A, Class B and Class C shares of the Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund series of the Registrant.
Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R, Class R4 and Class R5 shares of the Columbia Balanced Fund series of the Registrant.
Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R, Class R4 and Class R5 shares of the Columbia Strategic Income Fund series of the Registrant.
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
No filing fee is required because an indefinite number of shares have previously been registered pursuant to Rule 24f-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective on December 6, 2010 pursuant to Rule 488 under the Securities Act of 1933.
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RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund |
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund |
RiverSource Balanced Fund |
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund |
COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
[—], 2010
This is a brief overview of the reorganization and certain other actions proposed for your fund. We encourage you to read the full text of the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus.
Q: Why am I being asked to vote?
Funds are required to obtain shareholder approval for certain kinds of changes, like the reorganizations proposed in the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus. As a shareholder of one of the above-listed funds, you are being asked to vote on a reorganization involving your fund. In addition, the directors of each of the funds listed above have nominated candidates for election or re-election as directors. Shareholders of those funds are entitled to vote in these elections. Shareholders of each of the funds listed above are also being asked to vote on an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of the corporation of which their fund is a series in order to increase the maximum permissible number of directors from fifteen to twenty so that each of the candidates nominated by the directors, if elected, can serve on the applicable board of directors.
Q: What is a fund reorganization?
A fund reorganization involves one fund transferring all of its assets and liabilities to another fund in exchange for shares of such fund. Once completed, shareholders of the selling fund will hold shares of the buying fund.
Q: Is my vote important?
Absolutely! While the board of directors (the “Board”) of each fund listed above has reviewed the proposed reorganizations and the proposed amendments, and recommends that you approve them, these proposals generally cannot go forward without the approval of shareholders. Similarly, while the Board of each fund has nominated candidates for director, you have the right to vote to elect the directors that oversee your fund. Until a fund is sure that a quorum has been reached, it will continue to contact shareholders asking them to vote.
Q: On what am I being asked to vote?
Shareholders are being asked to vote on the reorganization (a “Reorganization”) of one or more funds (each a “Selling Fund” and together, the “Selling Funds”) into other corresponding funds (each a “Buying Fund” and together, the “Buying Funds”), as noted in the table below:
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | |
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund | |
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | |
RiverSource Balanced Fund | Columbia Balanced Fund | |
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | Columbia Strategic Income Fund |
If the Reorganization of your Selling Fund is approved by shareholders and the other closing conditions are met, your shares of the Selling Fund will, in effect, be converted into shares of the corresponding class of the corresponding Buying Fund with the same aggregate net asset value as that of your Selling Fund shares at the time of the Reorganization. (Selling Funds and Buying Funds are referred to individually or collectively as a “Fund” or the “Funds”). While the aggregate net asset value of your shares will not change as a result of the Reorganization, the number of shares you hold may differ based on each Fund’s net asset value.
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In addition, shareholders of each of the Selling Funds are being asked to vote to amend such fund’s Articles of Incorporation to increase the maximum number of directors from fifteen to twenty. Shareholders of each Selling Fund (collectively, the “Board Election Funds”) are being asked to vote for the election or re-election of sixteen nominees for election as director of those Funds.
We encourage you to read the full text of the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus to obtain a more detailed understanding of the issues relating to each proposed Reorganization, to the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation and election or re-election of nominees as directors to your fund’s Board.
Q: Why are the Reorganizations being proposed?
On May 1, 2010, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly known as RiverSource Investments, LLC), the funds’ investment manager (“Columbia Management”), acquired the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, LLC and certain of its affiliated companies from Bank of America, N.A. (the “Transaction”). In connection with the Transaction, Columbia Management became the investment manager of the Columbia-branded funds (the “Columbia Fund Complex”), in addition to the funds that were then branded as RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds (the “RiverSource Fund Complex” and, together with the Columbia Fund Complex, the “Combined Fund Complex”).
The proposed Reorganizations are among the reorganizations recommended by Columbia Management following the Transaction. Columbia Management’s overall goal in proposing the Reorganizations is twofold. First, by combining Columbia-, RiverSource-, Seligman- and Threadneedle-branded funds with generally similar investment objectives, strategies and policies, each combined investment portfolio will be larger, which tends to lead to greater efficiency. Second, by streamlining the product offering of the Combined Fund Complex, management, administration, distribution and other resources can be focused more effectively on a smaller group of funds. The Reorganization of each Selling Fund into the corresponding Buying Fund will enable shareholders of each Selling Fund to invest in a larger, potentially more efficient portfolio while continuing to pursue a similar investment strategy.
Q: Will there be any changes to the options or services associated with my account as a result of the Reorganizations?
Account-level features and options such as dividend distributions, dividend diversification, automatic investment plans, systematic withdrawals and dollar cost averaging will automatically carry over from accounts in each Selling Fund to accounts in the corresponding Buying Fund.
Q: Are there costs or tax consequences of the Reorganizations?
You will not pay any sales charge in connection with the Reorganizations. Reorganization costs will be allocated to each Fund only to the extent they are expected to be offset by the anticipated reduction in expenses borne by the Fund’s shareholders during the first year following the Reorganization. Each Reorganization is expected to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, no gain or loss is expected to be recognized by the Selling Fund or its shareholders as a direct result of a Reorganization. A portion, which may be substantial, of the portfolio assets of a Buying or Selling Fund may be sold before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. Such sales will result in such Fund incurring transaction costs and may result in a taxable distribution of gains to shareholders.
Q: If approved, when will the Reorganizations happen?
The Reorganizations will take place as soon as practicable following shareholder approval, and are expected to close before the end of the second quarter of 2011.
Q: Why have the Boards of certain Funds nominated candidates for election to those Boards?
Following the Transaction, described above, the boards of directors of the RiverSource Fund Complex (the “Columbia RiverSource Board”) and the boards of trustees of the Columbia Fund Complex had ongoing discussions regarding a potential consolidated board of directors/trustees to oversee all or a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. In September 2010, these discussions culminated in an agreement between the Columbia RiverSource Board and the current board of trustees of certain of the trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex (the “Columbia Nations Board”) to have a consolidated board of directors/trustees for a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. Specifically, they agreed that the RiverSource Fund Complex and the portion of the Columbia Fund Complex overseen by the Columbia Nations Board should be overseen by a consolidated board of directors/trustees. In this regard, the Columbia Nations Board and the Columbia RiverSource Board each determined that the consolidation would enhance the oversight of a larger fund family and should achieve cost efficiencies for fund shareholders.
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In order to effect the consolidation, the Governance Committees of the Columbia RiverSource Board, along with each full Board, have nominated individuals listed under Proposal 5 of the combined proxy statement/prospectus for election to the Columbia Nations Board and the Columbia RiverSource Board, each to hold office for an indefinite term. Information about each nominee is set forth in this combined proxy statement/prospectus under Proposal 5.
Q: Why have the Boards of certain Funds proposed amendments to the Funds’ Articles of Incorporation/Declaration of Trust?
The Articles of Incorporation of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund and RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund includes a provision that limits board size to 15 directors. To accommodate the proposed 16-person boards of directors described above, the Articles of Incorporation for RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund and RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund must be amended to increase the maximum permissible number of directors, which requires shareholder approval.
Q: If approved, when will the amendments to the Articles of Incorporation and changes to Board membership of my fund take effect?
The amendments to the Articles of Incorporation and changes to the Board membership of your fund will take effect as soon as practicable following shareholder approval and are expected to take effect before the end of the second quarter of 2011. With respect to RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., the outcome of the proposal to change the Board membership will be affected by the outcome of proposal to amend the Articles of Incorporation. If shareholders of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable, approve the proposal to amend the Articles of Incorporation, it will result in the election of all sixteen nominees to the Board of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable. If the shareholders of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable, do not approve the proposal to amend the Articles of Incorporation, the fifteen nominees receiving the greatest number of votes from shareholders of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable, shall be elected to the Board of Directors of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable.
Q: How does my Board recommend that I vote?
After careful consideration, your Board recommends that you vote FOR the Reorganization of your Selling Fund, FOR the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation of your fund and FOR each nominee for election as director of your fund.
Q: How can I vote?
You can vote in one of four ways:
• | By telephone ([phone number]) |
• | By internet ([internet url]) |
• | By mail (using the enclosed postage prepaid envelope) |
• | In person at the shareholder meeting scheduled to occur in [XXXX location] on [MM/DD/YY] |
The deadline for voting by telephone or internet is [MM/DD/YY]. We encourage you to vote as soon as possible to avoid the cost of additional solicitation efforts. Please refer to the enclosed proxy card for instructions for voting by telephone, internet or mail.
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Q: Will I be notified of the results of the vote?
Please check www.columbiamanagement.com for updated information on the proposals described in the enclosed proxy statement/prospectus, including voting results. The final voting results for each proposal also will be included in each Fund’s next report to shareholders following the special shareholder meeting.
Q: Whom should I call if I have questions?
If you have questions about any of the proposals described in the combined proxy statement/prospectus or about voting procedures, please call the Selling Funds’ proxy solicitor, Computershare Fund Services, toll free at 1.800.708.7953.
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NOTICE OF A JOINT SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
RiverSource Investment Series, Inc.
RiverSource Balanced Fund
RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc.
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund
RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc.
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund
To be held [—], 2011
A Joint Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Meeting”) of each of the funds listed above (each a “Selling Fund”) will be held at [—] [a.m./p.m.] on [—] 2011, at [—] in the [—] room on the [—] floor. At the Meeting, shareholders will consider the following proposal with respect to their Selling Fund:
1. | To approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Agreement”) by and among RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund and RiverSource Small Company Index Fund series, RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource Balanced Fund series, RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund series, Columbia Funds Series Trust, on behalf of its Columbia Large Cap Index Fund and Columbia Small Cap Index Fund series, Columbia Funds Series Trust I, on behalf of its Columbia Balanced Fund and Columbia Strategic Income Fund series, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, pursuant to which each Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the corresponding buying fund, as indicated below (each a “Buying Fund”) in exchange for shares of a corresponding class of the Buying Fund and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. |
Shareholders of each Selling Fund will vote separately on the relevant proposal, as shown below.
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | Proposal # | ||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund | 1 | ||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | 2 | ||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | Columbia Balanced Fund | 3 | ||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | Columbia Strategic Income Fund | 4 |
For each Selling Fund, approvalof the Agreement also will constitute approval of an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of the corporation of which such Selling Fund is a series (as indicated on the top of this page) to provide that such Selling Fund be acquired by the corresponding Buying Fund.
2. | Each of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund, and RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (collectively, “Board Election Funds”) also will vote on nominees for director. (Proposal 5) |
3. | At the Meeting, shareholders of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund, and RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund also will vote on proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable. (Proposal 6) |
Shareholders of each of the Funds will vote on Proposals 5 and 6 together as a single class with shareholders of each other series of the corporation of which such fund is a series. The name of the corporation of which each Fund is a series is indicated in bold at the beginning of this notice.
Please take some time to read the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus. It discusses these proposals in more detail. If you were a shareholder on December 17, 2010, you may vote at the Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement of the Meeting. You are welcome to attend the Meeting in person. If you cannot attend in person, please vote by mail, telephone or internet. Just follow the instructions on the enclosed proxy card. If you have questions, please call the Selling Funds’ proxy solicitor toll free at 1.800.708.7953. It is important that you vote. The Board of Directors of each Selling Fund recommends that you vote FOR its Reorganization, FOR the amendment of its Articles of Incorporation, and FOR each nominee for director.
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By order of the Boards of Directors
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Scott R. Plummer, Secretary |
[—], 2010 |
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RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund
RiverSource Balanced Fund
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund
COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
Dated [—], 2010
This document is a proxy statement for each Selling Fund (as defined below) and a prospectus for each Buying Fund (as defined below). The address and telephone number of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund is c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, and 800.345.6611. This combined proxy statement/prospectus and the enclosed proxy card were first mailed to shareholders of each Selling Fund beginning on or about January [—], 2011. This combined proxy statement/prospectus contains information you should know before voting on the following proposals with respect to your Selling Fund, as indicated below:
Proposal | To be voted on by | |||
1. | To approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund series (a “Selling Fund”), Columbia Funds Series Trust, on behalf of its Columbia Large Cap Index Fund series (a “Buying Fund”), each an open-end registered investment company, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“Columbia Management”). Under the agreement, the Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding class of the Buying Fund (as indicated below) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. | RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund |
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | |||
Class A* | g | Class A | ||
Class Z** | g | Class Z |
* | Class A shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class D shares. |
** | Class Z shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class E shares. |
2. | To approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource Small Company Index Fund series (a “Selling Fund”), Columbia Funds Series Trust, on behalf of its Columbia Small Cap Index Fund series (a “Buying Fund”), each an open-end registered investment company, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC. Under the agreement, the Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding class of the Buying Fund (as indicated below) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. | RiverSource Small Company Index Fund |
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | |||
Class A | g | Class A | ||
Class B | g | Class B | ||
Class R4 | g | Class R4 |
3. | To approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource Balanced Fund series (a “Selling Fund”), Columbia Funds Series Trust I, on behalf of its Columbia Balanced Fund series (a “Buying Fund”), each an open-end registered investment company, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC. Under the agreement, the Selling Fund will transfer that | RiverSource Balanced Fund |
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Proposal | To be voted on by | |
portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding class of the Buying Fund (as indicated below) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. |
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | |||
Class A | g | Class A | ||
Class B | g | Class B | ||
Class C | g | Class C | ||
Class R* | g | Class R | ||
Class R4 | g | Class R4 | ||
Class R5 | g | Class R5 |
* | Class R shares of RiverSource Balanced Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
4. | To approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund series (a “Selling Fund”), Columbia Funds Series Trust I, on behalf of its Columbia Strategic Income Fund series (a “Buying Fund”), each an open-end registered investment company, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC. Under the agreement, the Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding class of the Buying Fund (as indicated below) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. | RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund |
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | |||
Class A | g | Class A | ||
Class B | g | Class B | ||
Class C | g | Class C | ||
Class R* | g | Class R | ||
Class R4 | g | Class R4 | ||
Class R5 | g | Class R5 |
* | Class R shares of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
5. | To elect nominees as directors. | RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund, RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (each a “Board Election Fund”) | ||
6. | To approve proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc. and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc. | RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund, RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund |
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The proposals will be considered by shareholders who owned shares of the Selling Funds on December 17, 2010 at a joint special meeting of shareholders (the “Meeting”) that will be held at [—] [a.m./p.m.] on [—], 2011, at [—] in the [—] room on the [—] floor. Each of the Selling Funds and the Buying Funds (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) is a registered open-end management investment company (or a series thereof). Please read this combined proxy statement/prospectus and keep it for future reference.
Although the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of each Selling Fund* recommends that shareholders approve the reorganization of the Selling Fund into the corresponding Buying Fund (each a “Reorganization”), the Reorganization of each Selling Fund is not conditioned upon the Reorganization of any other Selling Fund. Accordingly, if shareholders of one Selling Fund approve its Reorganization, but shareholders of a second Selling Fund do not approve the second Selling Fund’s Reorganization, it is expected that the Reorganization of the first Selling Fund will take place as described in this combined proxy statement/prospectus. If shareholders of any Selling Fund fail to approve its Reorganization, the Board of such Selling Fund will consider what other actions, if any, may be appropriate.
The Reorganization of RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund will be effected only if shareholders of Columbia Balanced Fund approve at their upcoming shareholder meeting the proposed investment management services agreement that was approved by its Board in September 2010.
The outcome of Proposal 6 will not be affected by the outcome of any other proposal. However, shareholders of each Board Election Fund will vote together as a single class with the shareholders of the other series of the corporation of which that Fund is a series. Thus, the outcome of Proposal 6 will depend in part on the votes of shareholders of those other series, which are being solicited separately.
With respect to RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., Proposal 5 is contingent on Proposal 6 to the extent that if shareholders of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable, elect all 16 nominees but do not approve the proposed amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable, then nominee William F. Truscott will not continue as a director of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., or RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable.
With respect to Proposal 6, shareholders of each Board Election Fund will vote together as a single class with the shareholders of the other series of the corporation or trust of which that Fund is a series, if any. Thus, the outcome of Proposal 5 will depend in part on the votes of shareholders of those other series, which are being solicited separately.
* | References to the Board of a Selling Fund refer to the Board of the corporation of which each Selling Fund is a series. |
How Each Reorganization Will Work
• | Each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund in exchange for shares of such Buying Fund (“Reorganization Shares”) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the Selling Fund’s liabilities. |
• | Each Buying Fund will issue Reorganization Shares with an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate value of the assets that it receives from the corresponding Selling Fund, less the liabilities it assumes from the corresponding Selling Fund. Each class of Reorganization Shares will be distributed to the shareholders of the corresponding class of the Selling Fund in liquidation of the Selling Fund in proportion to their holdings in such class of the Selling Fund. For example, holders of Class A shares of a Selling Fund will receive Class A shares of the corresponding Buying Fund with the same aggregate net asset value as their Selling Fund Class A shares at the time of the Reorganization. You will not pay any sales charge in connection with the receipt or distribution of Reorganization Shares. If you already have a Buying Fund account with exactly the same registration as your Selling Fund account, your Reorganization Shares typically will be added to that account. |
• | Reorganization costs will be allocated to each Fund only to the extent they are expected to be offset by the anticipated reduction in expenses borne by the Fund’s shareholders during the first year following the Reorganization. Each Reorganization is expected to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, no gain or loss is expected to be recognized by the Selling Fund or its shareholders as a direct result of a Reorganization. A portion, which may be substantial, of the portfolio assets of a Buying Fund or Selling Fund may be sold before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. Such sales will result in such Fund incurring transaction costs and may result in a taxable distribution of gains to shareholders. |
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Where to Get More Information
The following documents have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and are incorporated into this combined proxy statement/prospectus by reference:
• | The Statement of Additional Information of the Buying Funds relating to the Reorganizations (the “Merger SAI”), dated [—], 2010; |
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund
• | the prospectus of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund dated April 1, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund for the year ended January 31, 2010, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund for the period ended July 31, 2010; |
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund
• | the prospectus of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund dated April 1, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund for the year ended January 31, 2010, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund for the period ended July 31, 2010; |
RiverSource Balanced Fund
• | the prospectus of RiverSource Balanced Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of RiverSource Balanced Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Balanced Fund for the year ended September 30, 2009, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Balanced Fund for the period ended March 31, 2010; |
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund
• | the prospectus of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund for the year ended September 30, 2009, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund for the period ended March 31, 2010; |
For a free copy of any of the documents listed above and/or to ask questions about this combined proxy statement/prospectus, please call your Selling Fund’s proxy solicitor toll free at 1.800.708.7953.
Each of the Funds is subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and files reports, proxy materials and other information with the SEC. These reports, proxy materials and other information can be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room maintained by the SEC. Copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing to the Public Reference Branch of the SEC Office of Consumer Affairs and Information Services, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0102. In addition, copies of these documents may be viewed online or downloaded from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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Please note that investments in the Funds are not bank deposits, are not federally insured, are not guaranteed by any bank or government agency and may lose value. There is no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
As with all open-end mutual funds, the SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed on the adequacy of this combined proxy statement/prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Reasons for the Proposed Reorganizations and Board Deliberations | 60 | |||
63 | ||||
64 | ||||
64 | ||||
65 | ||||
67 | ||||
Nominees’ Beneficial Ownership of Shares of Board Election Funds | 68 | |||
68 | ||||
68 | ||||
Current Committees of the Columbia Nations Board | ||||
70 | ||||
72 | ||||
73 | ||||
Executive Officers of CFST and RSGIS | ||||
Remuneration for Trustees and Officers of CFST | ||||
74 | ||||
74 | ||||
75 | ||||
Section C — Proxy Voting and Shareholder Meeting Information | 76 | |||
Section D — Capitalization, Ownership of Fund Shares and Financial Highlights | 79 | |||
79 | ||||
81 | ||||
83 | ||||
Exhibits | ||||
A-1 | ||||
B. Minnesota Business Corporation Act Sections 302A.471 and 302A.473 | B-1 | |||
C-1 | ||||
D-1 | ||||
E-1 | ||||
F-1 | ||||
G-1 | ||||
H-1 |
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SECTION A — REORGANIZATION PROPOSALS
The following information describes each proposed Reorganization.
This combined proxy statement/prospectus is being used by each Selling Fund to solicit proxies to vote at a joint special meeting of shareholders. Shareholders of each Selling Fund will consider a proposal to approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Agreement”) providing for the Reorganization of their Selling Fund into the corresponding Buying Fund.
The following is a summary. More complete information appears later in this combined proxy statement/prospectus. You should read the entire combined proxy statement/prospectus and the exhibits because they contain details that are not included in this summary.
How Each Reorganization Will Work
• | Each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund in exchange for Reorganization Shares and the assumption by the corresponding Buying Fund of all of the Selling Fund’s liabilities. |
• | Each Buying Fund will issue Reorganization Shares with an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate value of the assets that it receives from the corresponding Selling Fund, less the liabilities it assumes from the corresponding Selling Fund. Reorganization Shares of each class of each Buying Fund will be distributed to the shareholders of the corresponding class of the corresponding Selling Fund in proportion to their holdings of such class of such Selling Fund. For example, holders of Class A shares of a Selling Fund will receive Class A shares of the corresponding Buying Fund with the same aggregate net asset value as the aggregate net asset value of their Selling Fund Class A shares at the time of the Reorganization. |
• | As part of the Reorganization of your Selling Fund, systematic transactions (such as bank authorizations and systematic payouts) currently set up for your Selling Fund account may be transferred to your new Buying Fund account. Please contact your financial intermediary for additional details. |
• | No shareholders of any Selling Fund will pay any sales charge in connection with acquiring Reorganization Shares. |
• | After a Reorganization is completed, Selling Fund shareholders will be shareholders of the corresponding Buying Fund, and the Selling Fund will be dissolved. |
Each Reorganization is expected to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will not take place unless the Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund receive a satisfactory opinion of tax counsel substantially to the effect that it will be tax-free, as described in more detail in the section entitled “Tax Status of the Reorganizations.” Accordingly, no gain or loss is expected to be recognized by the Selling Fund or its shareholders as a direct result of a Reorganization. A portion, which may be substantial, of the portfolio assets of a Buying Fund or Selling Fund may be sold before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. The actual tax effect of such sales will depend on the difference between the price at which such portfolio assets are sold and the tax basis in such assets of the Fund making the sale. Any capital gains recognized in those sales on a net basis, after reduction by any available capital losses, will be distributed to shareholders as capital gain dividends (to the extent of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses) and/or ordinary dividends (to the extent of net realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term capital losses) during or with respect to the year of sale, and such distributions will be taxable to shareholders. Additionally, because each Reorganization will end the tax year of the applicable Selling Fund, it will accelerate distributions to shareholders from the Selling Fund for its short tax year ending on the date of the Reorganization. Those tax year-end distributions will be taxable, and will include any distributable, but not previously distributed, capital gains resulting from portfolio turnover prior to consummation of the Reorganization. At any time prior to a Reorganization, a shareholder may redeem shares of a Selling Fund. This would likely result in the recognition of gain or loss by the shareholder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a shareholder holds Selling Fund shares in a non-taxable account, distributions and redemption with respect to those shares will not be taxable to the shareholder if those amounts remain in the non-taxable account.
The Selling Fund shareholders’ aggregate tax basis in the Reorganization Shares is expected to carry over from the shareholders’ Selling Fund shares, and the Selling Fund shareholders’ holding period in the Reorganization Shares is expected to include the shareholders’ holding period in the Selling Fund shares.
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For more information about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganizations, see the section entitled “Tax Status of the Reorganizations.”
The following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of a Fund.
Annual fund operating expense ratios are based on expenses incurred during each Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year, adjusted to reflect current and expected fees, as more fully described below, and are expressed as a percentage (expense ratio) of the Fund’s average net assets during the period. Pro forma expense ratios shown are based on each Fund’s average net assets over the applicable Buying Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year. As of the date of this combined proxy statement/prospectus, each Fund’s net assets may be lower or higher than the Fund’s average net assets over such period. In general, a Fund’s annual operating expense ratios will increase as the Fund’s assets decrease and will decrease as the Fund’s assets increase. Accordingly, each Fund’s annual operating expense ratios, if adjusted based on net assets as of the date of this combined proxy statement/prospectus, could be higher or lower than those shown in the tables below. The commitment by Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“Columbia Management”) and its affiliates to waive fees and/or to reimburse expenses for the Buying Funds noted below may limit the effect that any decrease in such a Buying Fund’s net assets will have on its annual net operating expense ratios in the current fiscal year.
Certain Selling Funds have voluntary fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement arrangements. For more information, see the Selling Funds prospectuses.
The fees and expenses below exclude one-time costs of the Reorganization. The costs of each Reorganization expected to be borne by each Fund are set forth in Exhibit A.
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Proposal 1. Fees and Expenses. Reorganization of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund into Columbia Large Cap Index Fund
If the Reorganization occurs, certain Reorganization expenses, as described in Exhibit A, will be allocated to the Selling Fund, which will reduce the Selling Fund’s net asset value prior to the closing of the Reorganization by less than $0.01 per share based on the Selling Fund’s shares outstanding as of September 30, 2010.
Current and Pro Forma Fees and Expenses for the Most Recent Fiscal Year
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A(a) | Class Z(a) | |||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on redemptions (as a percentage of net asset value at time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Class A | Class Z | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Current and Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on redemptions (as a percentage of net asset value at time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | N/A | N/A |
(a) | Class A and Class Z shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class D and Class E shares, respectively. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Class A(1) | Class Z(1) | |||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||
Management fees(2) | 0.28 | % | 0.28 | % | ||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||
Other expenses(3) | 0.25 | % | 0.25 | % | ||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.78 | % | 0.53 | % | ||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.21 | )% | (0.21 | )% | ||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.57 | % | 0.32 | % | ||||
Class A | Class Z | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||
Management fees(5) | 0.20 | % | 0.20 | % | ||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||
Other expenses | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.45 | % | 0.20 | % | ||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(6) | (0.03 | )% | (0.03 | )% | ||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.42 | % | 0.17 | % |
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Class A | Class Z | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||
Management fees(5) | 0.20 | % | 0.20 | % | ||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||
Other expenses | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.45 | % | 0.20 | % | ||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(6) | (0.03 | )% | (0.03 | )% | ||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.42 | % | 0.17 | % |
1. | Class A and Class Z shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class D and Class E shares, respectively. |
2. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.22% and an administration fee of 0.06%. |
3. | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010. |
4. | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to reimburse certain expenses (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, if any) until March 31, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net fund expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, if any) will not exceed 0.57% for Class A shares and 0.32% for Class Z shares. |
5. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.10% and an administration fee of 0.10%. |
6. | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed, on an annualized basis, 0.42% for Class A shares and 0.17% for Class Z shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until June 30, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
Expense examples: These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in each Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the applicable Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, both under the current arrangements and, for the Buying Fund, assuming completion of the proposed Reorganization. These examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that each Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example includes any contractual fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement only for the period indicated in the Fund’s Annual Fund Operating Expenses table. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A(1) | $ | 58 | $ | 228 | $ | 413 | $ | 951 | ||||||||
Class Z(1) | $ | 33 | $ | 149 | $ | 276 | $ | 648 | ||||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 43 | $ | 141 | $ | 249 | $ | 564 | ||||||||
Class Z | $ | 17 | $ | 61 | $ | 110 | $ | 252 | ||||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 43 | $ | 141 | $ | 249 | $ | 564 | ||||||||
Class Z | $ | 17 | $ | 61 | $ | 110 | $ | 252 |
1. | Class A and Class Z shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class D and Class E shares, respectively. |
Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. Those costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the example expenses, affect a Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was the following percentage of the average value of the Fund’s portfolio:
Fund | Percentage of the Average Value of the Fund’s Portfolio | |
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | 41% | |
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | 7% |
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Proposal 2. Fees and Expenses. Reorganization of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund into Columbia Small Cap Index Fund
If the Reorganization occurs, certain Reorganization expenses, as described in Exhibit A, will be allocated to the Selling Fund, which will reduce the Selling Fund’s net asset value prior to the closing of the Reorganization by less than $0.01 per share based on the Selling Fund’s shares outstanding as of September 30, 2010.
Current and Pro Forma Fees and Expenses for the Most Recent Fiscal Year
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A | Class B | Class R4 | ||||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 5.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | N/A | |||||||
Class A | Class B | Class R4 | ||||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Current and Pro Forma) (Buying Fund)(d) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | N/A | 5.00 | %(c) | N/A |
(a) | This charge may be reduced depending on the total value of your investments in the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Threadneedle- and Seligman-branded funds (the “Combined Fund Complex”). |
(b) | This contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) applies to investors who buy between $1 million and $50 million of Class A shares and redeem them within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(c) | This charge decreases over time. |
(d) | Share classes shown reflect expected share classes immediately following the Reorganization. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Class A | Class B | Class R4 | ||||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.44 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.44 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.33 | % | 0.33 | % | 0.36 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.02 | % | 1.77 | % | 0.80 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(3) | (0.29 | )% | (0.29 | )% | (0.22 | )% | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.73 | % | 1.48 | % | 0.58 | % | ||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(4) | 0.20 | % | ||||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | ||||||||||
Other expenses | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(5) | 0.45 | % |
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Class A | Class B | Class R4 | ||||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(4) | 0.20 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.20 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.25 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(5) | 0.45 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.45 | % |
1. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.36% and an administration fee of 0.08%. |
2. | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010. |
3. | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to reimburse certain expenses (other than acquired fund fees and expenses, if any) until March 31, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net fund expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, if any) will not exceed 0.73% for Class A shares, 1.48% for Class B shares, and 0.58% for Class R4 shares. |
4. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.10% and an administration fee of 0.10%. |
5. | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed, on an annualized basis, 0.45% for Class A shares, 1.20% for Class B shares and 0.45% for Class R4 shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until June 30, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
Expense examples: These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in each Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the applicable Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, both under the current arrangements and, for the Buying Fund, assuming completion of the proposed Reorganization. These examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that each Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example includes any contractual fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement only for the period indicated in the Fund’s Annual Fund Operating Expenses table. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 645 | $ | 854 | $ | 1,080 | $ | 1,731 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 651 | $ | 829 | $ | 1,133 | $ | 1,866 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 59 | $ | 233 | $ | 423 | $ | 973 | ||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 46 | $ | 144 | $ | 252 | $ | 567 | ||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 46 | $ | 144 | $ | 252 | $ | 567 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 422 | $ | 581 | $ | 660 | $ | 1,246 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 46 | $ | 144 | $ | 252 | $ | 567 |
If you owned or will own any class of shares other than Class B you would pay the same costs shown in the tables above if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated. If you owned or will own Class B shares, you would pay the following costs if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated, which may be different than the costs shown in the tables above.
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 151 | $ | 529 | $ | 933 | $ | 1,866 |
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1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 122 | $ | 381 | $ | 660 | $ | 1,246 |
Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. Those costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the example expenses, affect a Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was the following percentage of the average value of the Fund’s portfolio:
Fund | Percentage of the Average Value of the Fund’s Portfolio | |
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | 41% | |
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | 14% |
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Proposal 3. Fees and Expenses. Reorganization of RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund
Current and Pro Forma Fees and Expenses for the Most Recent Fiscal Year
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R(e) | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 5.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Current and Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 5.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
(a) | This charge may be reduced depending on the total value of your investments in the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Threadneedle- and Seligman-branded funds (the “Combined Fund Complex”). |
(b) | This contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) applies to investors who buy between $1 million and $50 million of Class A shares and redeem them within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(c) | This charge decreases over time. |
(d) | This charge applies to investors who buy Class C shares and redeem them within one year of purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(e) | Class R shares of RiverSource Balanced Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R(1) | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees(2) | 0.59 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.59 | % | ||||||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Other expenses(3) | 0.22 | % | 0.22 | % | 0.22 | % | 0.22 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.10 | % | ||||||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.06 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.31 | % | 0.94 | % | 0.69 | % | ||||||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees(4) | 0.72 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.72 | % | ||||||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Other expenses(5) | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.40 | % | 0.15 | % | ||||||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(6) | 1.18 | % | 1.93 | % | 1.93 | % | 1.43 | % | 1.12 | % | 0.87 | % |
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Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees(7) | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | ||||||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Other expenses(5) | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.36 | % | 0.11 | % | ||||||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(6) | 1.16 | % | 1.91 | % | 1.91 | % | 1.41 | % | 1.06 | % | 0.81 | % |
1. | Class R shares of RiverSource Balanced Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
2. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.53% and an administration fee of 0.06%. |
3. | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010. |
4. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.66% and an administration fee of 0.06%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011, subject to shareholder approval. If the proposed changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.96% for Class A shares, 1.71% for Class B shares, 1.71% for Class C shares, 1.21% for Class R shares, 0.90% for Class R4 shares and 0.65% for Class R5 shares. |
5. | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010, and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
6. | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed the following percentages of average daily net assets on an annualized basis: 1.18% for Class A shares, 1.93% for Class B shares, 1.93% for Class C shares, 1.43% for Class R shares, 1.15% for Class R4 shares and 0.90% for Class R5 shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until December 31, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
7. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.64% and an administration fee of 0.06%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011, subject to shareholder approval. If the proposed changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would be 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee) and Total annual Fund operating expenses would be 0.96% for Class A shares, 1.71% for Class B shares, 1.71% for Class C shares, 1.21% for Class R shares, 0.86% for Class R4 shares and 0.61% for Class R5 shares. |
Expense examples: These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in each Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the applicable Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, both under the current arrangements and, for the Buying Fund, assuming completion of the proposed Reorganization. These examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that each Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on those assumptions your costs would be:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 677 | $ | 893 | $ | 1,127 | $ | 1,799 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 684 | $ | 870 | $ | 1,181 | $ | 1,934 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 284 | $ | 570 | $ | 981 | $ | 2,132 | ||||||||
Class R | $ | 133 | $ | 415 | $ | 719 | $ | 1,584 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 96 | $ | 300 | $ | 521 | $ | 1,159 | ||||||||
Class R5 | $ | 70 | $ | 221 | $ | 385 | $ | 862 | ||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 688 | $ | 928 | $ | 1,187 | $ | 1,924 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 696 | $ | 906 | $ | 1,242 | $ | 2,059 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 296 | $ | 606 | $ | 1,042 | $ | 2,254 | ||||||||
Class R | $ | 146 | $ | 452 | $ | 782 | $ | 1,713 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 114 | $ | 356 | $ | 617 | $ | 1,363 | ||||||||
Class R5 | $ | 89 | $ | 278 | $ | 482 | $ | 1,073 |
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1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 686 | $ | 922 | $ | 1,177 | $ | 1,903 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 694 | $ | 900 | $ | 1,232 | $ | 2,038 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 294 | $ | 600 | $ | 1,032 | $ | 2,233 | ||||||||
Class R | $ | 144 | $ | 446 | $ | 771 | $ | 1,691 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 108 | $ | 337 | $ | 585 | $ | 1,294 | ||||||||
Class R5 | $ | 83 | $ | 259 | $ | 450 | $ | 1,002 |
If you owned or will own any class of shares other than Class B or Class C you would pay the same costs shown in the tables above if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated. If you owned or will own Class B or Class C shares, you would pay the following costs if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated, which may be different than the costs shown in the tables above.
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 184 | $ | 570 | $ | 981 | $ | 1,934 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 184 | $ | 570 | $ | 981 | $ | 2,132 | ||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 196 | $ | 606 | $ | 1,042 | $ | 2,059 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 196 | $ | 606 | $ | 1,042 | $ | 2,254 | ||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 194 | $ | 600 | $ | 1,032 | $ | 2,038 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 194 | $ | 600 | $ | 1,032 | $ | 2,233 |
Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. Those costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the example expenses, affect a Fund’s performance. Columbia Management expects that Columbia Balanced Fund may experience significant portfolio turnover in connection with its Reorganization. During the most recent fiscal year, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was the following percentage of the average value of the Fund’s portfolio:
Fund | Percentage of the Average Value of the Fund’s Portfolio | |||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | 160 | % | ||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | 102 | % |
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Proposal 4. Fees and Expenses. Reorganization of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund into Columbia Strategic Income Fund
If the Reorganization occurs, certain Reorganization expenses, as described in Exhibit A, will be allocated to the Selling Fund, which will reduce the Selling Fund’s net asset value prior to the closing of the Reorganization by less than $0.01 per share based on the Selling Fund’s shares outstanding as of September 30, 2010.
Current and Pro Forma Fees and Expenses for the Most Recent Fiscal Year
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R(e) | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Current and Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
(a) | This charge may be reduced depending on the total value of your investments in the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Threadneedle- and Seligman-branded funds (the “Combined Fund Complex”). |
(b) | This contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) applies to investors who buy between $1 million and $50 million of Class A shares and redeem them within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(c) | This charge decreases over time. |
(d) | This charge applies to investors who buy Class C shares and redeem them within one year of purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(e) | Class R shares of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.61 | % | 0.61 | % | 0.61 | % | 0.61 | % | 0.61 | % | 0.61 | % | ||||||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.38 | % | 0.13 | % | ||||||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.07 | % | 1.82 | % | 1.82 | % | 1.32 | % | 0.99 | % | 0.74 | % |
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Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees(3) | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | ||||||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Other expenses(4) | 0.19 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.10 | % | ||||||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(5) | 1.02 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.27 | % | 0.93 | % | 0.68 | % | ||||||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R4 | Class R5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees(6) | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.58 | % | ||||||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Other expenses(4) | 0.19 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.34 | % | 0.09 | % | ||||||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(5) | 1.02 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.27 | % | 0.92 | % | 0.67 | % |
1. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.54% and an administration fee of 0.07%. |
2. | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010. |
3. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.52% and an administration fee of 0.06%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011, subject to shareholder approval. If the proposed changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.54% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.98% for Class A shares, 1.73% for Class B shares, 1.73% for Class C shares, 1.23% for Class R shares, 0.89% for Class R4 shares and 0.64% for Class R5 shares. |
4. | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010, and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
5. | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed, on an annualized basis, 1.02% for Class A shares, 1.77% for Class B shares, 1.77% for Class C shares, 1.27% for Class R shares, 0.97% for Class R4 shares and 0.72% for Class R5 shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until September 30, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
6. | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.52% and an administration fee of 0.06%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011, subject to shareholder approval. If the proposed changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.53% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.97% for Class A shares, 1.72% for Class B shares, 1.72% for Class C shares, 1.22% for Class R shares, 0.87% for Class R4 shares and 0.62% for Class R5 shares. |
Expense examples: These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in each Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the applicable Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, both under the current arrangements and, for the Buying Fund, assuming completion of the proposed Reorganization. These examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that each Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on those assumptions, your costs would be:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 579 | $ | 799 | $ | 1,038 | $ | 1,723 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 685 | $ | 873 | $ | 1,186 | $ | 1,945 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 285 | $ | 573 | $ | 986 | $ | 2,142 | ||||||||
Class R | $ | 134 | $ | 419 | $ | 724 | $ | 1,595 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 101 | $ | 316 | $ | 548 | $ | 1,218 | ||||||||
Class R5 | $ | 76 | $ | 237 | $ | 412 | $ | 922 |
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Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | 1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 574 | $ | 784 | $ | 1,011 | $ | 1,664 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 680 | $ | 857 | $ | 1,159 | $ | 1,886 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 280 | $ | 557 | $ | 959 | $ | 2,084 | ||||||||
Class R | $ | 129 | $ | 403 | $ | 697 | $ | 1,534 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 95 | $ | 296 | $ | 515 | $ | 1,143 | ||||||||
Class R5 | $ | 69 | $ | 218 | $ | 379 | $ | 847 | ||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 574 | $ | 783 | $ | 1,009 | $ | 1,658 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 679 | $ | 856 | $ | 1,157 | $ | 1,881 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 279 | $ | 556 | $ | 957 | $ | 2,078 | ||||||||
Class R | $ | 129 | $ | 403 | $ | 697 | $ | 1,534 | ||||||||
Class R4 | $ | 94 | $ | 293 | $ | 509 | $ | 1,131 | ||||||||
Class R5 | $ | 68 | $ | 214 | $ | 373 | $ | 835 |
If you owned or will own any class of shares other than Class B or Class C you would pay the same costs shown in the tables above if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated. If you owned or will own Class B or Class C shares, you would pay the following costs if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated, which may be different than the costs shown in the tables above.
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | 1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 185 | $ | 573 | $ | 986 | $ | 1,945 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 185 | $ | 573 | $ | 986 | $ | 2,142 | ||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 180 | $ | 557 | $ | 959 | $ | 1,886 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 180 | $ | 557 | $ | 959 | $ | 2,084 | ||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 179 | $ | 556 | $ | 957 | $ | 1,881 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 179 | $ | 556 | $ | 957 | $ | 2,078 |
Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. Those costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the example expenses, affect a Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was the following percentage of the average value of the Fund’s portfolio:
Fund | Percentage of the Average Value of the Fund’s Portfolio | |||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | 100 | % | ||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | 50 | % |
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Proposal 1 Comparison of Objectives, Strategies and Risks. Reorganization of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund into Columbia Large Cap Index Fund
Comparison of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund
The Selling Fund and the Buying Fund:
• | Have Columbia Management as investment manager. |
• | Have the same policies for buying and selling shares and the same exchange rights. |
• | Are structured as series of an open-end management investment company. The Selling Fund is organized as a series of a Minnesota corporation, while the Buying Fund is organized as series of a Delaware statutory trust. Please see Exhibit D to this combined proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding the differences between the rights of shareholders of the Selling Fund and shareholders of the Buying Fund. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives
The investment objectives of the Funds are as follows:
Selling Fund: RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund seeks to provide shareholders with long-term capital appreciation.
Buying Fund: Columbia Large Cap Index Fund seeks total return before fees and expenses that corresponds to the total return of the S&P 500® Index.
Because any investment involves risk, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The investment objective of the Selling Fund may be changed only with shareholder approval, while the investment objective of the Buying Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies
The Selling Fund and the Buying Fund have similar principal investment strategies. Under normal circumstances, each Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in common stocks that comprise the S&P 500® Index. Each Fund attempts to achieve at least 95% correlation between the performance of the S&P 500® Index and the Fund’s investment results, before fees and expenses.
Additional information regarding the principal investment strategies of each Fund is set forth below:
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | |
The Fund normally will invest at least 80% of its total assets in securities that are contained in the S&P 500 Index (“S&P 500”).
The Fund’s 80% policy can be changed by the Fund’s board without shareholder approval. The Fund will provide shareholders with at least sixty days written notice of any change in the 80% policy.
| Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in common stocks that comprise the S&P 500.
The Fund’s 80% policy can be changed by the Fund’s board without shareholder approval on sixty days notice. | |
The Fund follows a passive or indexing investment approach in an attempt to mirror the performance of the S&P 500. While there is no guarantee, Columbia Management expects the correlation between the Fund and the S&P 500 to be at least 0.95. A correlation of 1.00 means the return of the Fund can be completely explained by the return of the S&P 500.
Columbia Management will monitor the performance of the | In seeking to match the performance of the S&P 500, Columbia Management attempts to allocate the Fund’s assets among common stocks in approximately the same weightings as the S&P 500.
The Fund attempts to achieve at least a 95% correlation between the performance of the S&P 500 and the Fund’s investment results, before fees and expenses. |
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RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | |
Fund against the S&P 500 and will adjust the Fund’s holdings, as necessary, to minimize tracking error. In the event a correlation of 0.95 or better is not achieved, the Fund’s board of directors will consider alternative arrangements.
The Fund may change its target index for a different index if the current index is discontinued or if the Fund’s board of directors believes a different index would better enable the Fund to match the performance of the market segment represented by the current index. The substitute index will measure the same general segment of the market as the current index.
Although index funds, by their nature, tend to be tax-efficient investments, the Fund generally is managed without regard to tax efficiency. | ||
Columbia Management may use various techniques, such as buying and selling options and futures contracts, to increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to changing security prices or other factors that may affect security values. |
The Fund may invest in derivatives, consisting of stock index futures or options, as substitutes for the underlying securities in the S&P 500. | |
The Fund may buy shares of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., an affiliate of Columbia Management, which is currently included in the S&P 500, subject to certain restrictions. |
Buying Fund Investment Style
A description of the investment style of the Buying Fund is set forth below:
Different common stocks have different weightings in the S&P 500® Index, depending on the amount of stock outstanding and the stock’s current price. In seeking to match the performance of the S&P 500® Index, Columbia Management attempts to allocate the Fund’s assets among common stocks in approximately the same weightings as the S&P 500® Index.
Columbia Management may sell a security when the security’s price reaches a target set by Columbia Management; if Columbia Management believes that there is deterioration in the issuer’s financial circumstances or fundamental prospects, or that other investments are more attractive; or for other reasons.
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the fundamental investment policies of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the fundamental investment policies of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund result in any material difference in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed. A “fundamental” investment policy is one that may not be changed without a shareholder vote.
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The Funds’ fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Underwriting | The Fund will not act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them. | The Fund may not underwrite any issue of securities within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except when it might technically be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with its investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered management investment companies. | ||
Real Estate |
The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real estate limited partnerships. |
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate and may purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate. | ||
Commodities |
The Fund will not buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from buying or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from, physical commodities. |
The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment objective, invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, and purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including, without limitation, forward currency contracts. | ||
Industry Concentration |
The Fund will not concentrate in any one industry unless that industry represents more than 25% of the index tracked by the Fund. For all other industries, in accordance with the current interpretation by the SEC, this means that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, based on current market value at time of purchase, can be invested in any one industry. |
The Fund may not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. | ||
Lending |
The Fund will not lend securities or participate in an interfund lending program if the total of all such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets except this fundamental investment policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market |
The Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. |
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Policy | RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements.
| ||||
Borrowing /Issuing Senior Securities | The Fund will not borrow money, except for temporary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) immediately after the borrowings.
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.
| The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. | ||
Diversification | The Fund may not make any investment inconsistent with the Fund’s classification as a diversified company under the 1940 Act. | The Fund may not purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) a Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the non-fundamental investment policies (policies that may be changed without a shareholder vote) of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the non-fundamental policies of the Funds result in any material differences in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed.
The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Illiquid Securities | The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. |
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Policy | RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Short Selling | The Fund is not prohibited from engaging in short sales as an investment strategy, however, the Fund will seek Board approval prior to utilizing short sales as an active part of its investment strategy.
| The Fund may not sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | ||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of a Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” below.
Although the Funds describe them somewhat differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Buying Fund and the Selling Fund are generally similar because the Funds have similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and investment policies. The actual risks of investing in each Fund depend on the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio and on market conditions, both of which change over time. The Buying Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Similarities and material differences between the Buying Fund’s principal risks and those of the Selling Fund are also identified below.
• | Investment Strategy Risk – Columbia Management uses the principal investment strategies and other investment strategies to seek to achieve the Buying Fund’s investment objective. There is no assurance that the Buying Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investment decisions made by Columbia Management in using these strategies may not produce the returns expected by Columbia Management, may cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or may cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
• | Market Risk – Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities that the Buying Fund holds will rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Security values may fall because of factors affecting individual companies, industries or sectors, or the markets as a whole, reducing the value of an investment in the Buying Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Buying Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The market values of the securities the Buying Fund holds also can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, equity securities tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
• | Index Risk – The Buying Fund’s value will generally decline when the performance of its targeted index declines. In addition, because the Fund may not hold all issues included in its index, may not always be fully invested, and bears advisory, administrative and other expenses and transaction costs in trading securities, the Fund’s performance may fail to match the performance of its targeted index, after taking expenses into account. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
• | Derivatives Risk – Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are, for example, based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or bond), assets (such as a commodity like gold or a foreign currency), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses or may limit the Buying Fund’s potential gain from favorable market movements. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Buying Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had |
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it invested in the underlying security or other asset. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility, among other consequences. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders holding shares in a taxable account. Other risks arise from the Buying Fund’s potential inability to terminate or to sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Buying Fund’s derivative positions at times when the Buying Fund might wish to terminate or to sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risks of mispricing or improper valuation and that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Buying Fund also may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to engage in derivative transactions when it is deemed favorable to do so, or at all. For more information on the risks of derivative investments and strategies, see the Merger SAI. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
The following bar charts and tables provide some illustration of the risks of investing in the Funds by showing, respectively:
• | how each Fund’s performance has varied for each full calendar year shown in the bar chart; and |
• | how each Fund’s average annual total returns compare to certain measures of market performance shown in the table. |
Both the bar chart and the table assume that all distributions have been reinvested. The performance of different classes varies because of differences in sales charges and other fees and expenses. How a Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. The performance shown reflects any fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements in effect for the periods reported. In the absence of such fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements, the performance shown would have been lower.
Bar Charts. Class A share information is shown in the bar charts; the sales charge for Class A shares is not reflected in the bar charts.
Tables. The tables below show total returns from hypothetical investments in the indicated classes of shares of each Fund. The returns shown are compared to measures of market performance shown for the same periods. The performance calculations in the tables assume:
• | the maximum sales charge for Class A shares; |
• | no sales charge for Class Z shares; and |
• | except as noted for Class A shares, no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on the reinvested income and capital gains. |
After-Tax Returns
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A shares. After-tax returns for the other share classes will vary. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the effect of foreign, state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and most likely will differ from the returns shown in the table. If you hold your shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, the after-tax returns do not apply to you because you will not incur taxes until you begin to withdraw from your account.
The return after taxes on distributions for a period may be the same as the return before taxes for the same period if there were no distributions or if the distributions were small. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for a period may be greater than the return before taxes for the same period if there was a tax loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (because it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return.
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RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A* SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
* | Effective September 7, 2010 Class D shares of the Selling Fund were renamed as Class A shares. |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +15.85% (quarter ended June 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -21.76% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +4.07%.
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +15.80% (quarter ended June 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -21.99% (quarter ended Dec. 31, 2008).
The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +3.62%
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund* (Selling Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A(1) | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +26.26 | % | +0.02 | % | +1.50 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +25.73 | % | -0.98 | % | -2.14 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and redemption of Fund shares | +17.39 | % | -0.28 | % | -1.48 | % | ||||||
Class Z(1) | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +26.36 | % | +0.27 | % | -1.25 | % | ||||||
S&P 500® Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expense or taxes) | +26.46 | % | +0.42 | % | -0.95 | % | ||||||
Lipper S&P 500 Objective Funds Index | +26.31 | % | +0.23 | % | -1.19 | % |
(1) | Class D and Class E shares of the Fund were renamed Class A and Class Z shares, respectively, on September 7, 2010. |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +26.03 | % | +0.06 | % | -1.40 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +25.72 | % | -0.24 | % | -1.71 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +17.29 | % | -0.01 | % | -1.30 | % | ||||||
Class Z | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +26.41 | % | +0.32 | % | -1.14 | % | ||||||
S&P 500® Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +26.46 | % | +0.42 | % | -0.95 | % |
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Proposal 2 Comparison of Objectives, Strategies and Risks. Reorganization of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund into Columbia Small Cap Index Fund
Comparison of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund
The Selling Fund and the Buying Fund:
• | Have Columbia Management as investment manager. |
• | Have the same policies for buying and selling shares and the same exchange rights. |
• | Are structured as series of an open-end management investment company. The Selling Fund is organized as series of a Minnesota corporation, while the Buying Fund is organized as series of a Delaware statutory trust. Please see Exhibit D to this combined proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding the differences between the rights of shareholders of the Selling Fund and the shareholders of the Buying Fund. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives
The investment objectives of the Funds are as follows:
Selling Fund: RiverSource Small Company Index Fund seeks to provide shareholders with long-term capital appreciation.
Buying Fund: Columbia Small Cap Index Fund seeks total return before fees and expenses that corresponds to the total return of the S&P SmallCap 600® Index.
Because any investment involves risk, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The investment objective of the Selling Fund may be changed only with shareholder approval, while the investment objective of the Buying Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies
The Selling Fund and the Buying Fund have substantially similar investment strategies. Under normal circumstances, each Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in common stocks that comprise the S&P SmallCap 600® Index. Each Fund attempts to achieve at least 95% correlation between the performance of the S&P SmallCap 600® Index and the Fund’s investment results, before fees and expenses.
Additional information regarding the principal investment strategies of each Fund is set forth below:
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | |
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in common stocks of companies in the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600® Index (“S&P SmallCap 600”). The Fund will provide shareholders with at least 60 days’ written notice of any change in the 80% policy. | Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in common stocks that comprise the S&P SmallCap 600.
The Fund’s policy of investing at least 80% of its “net assets” may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval as long as shareholders are given 60 days advance notice of the change. | |
The Fund follows a passive or indexing investment approach in an attempt to mirror the performance of the S&P SmallCap 600. While there is no guarantee, Columbia Management expects the correlation between the Fund and the Index to be at least 0.95. A correlation of 1.00 means the return of the Fund can be completely explained by the return of the Index. | In seeking to match the performance of the S&P SmallCap 600, Columbia Management, attempts to allocate the Fund’s assets among common stocks in approximately the same weightings as the S&P SmallCap 600.
The Fund attempts to achieve at least a 95% correlation between the performance of the S&P SmallCap 600 and the Fund’s investment results, before fees and expenses. |
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RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | |
Columbia Management may use various techniques, such as buying and selling options and futures contracts, to increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to changing security prices or other factors that affect security values. | The Fund may invest in derivatives, consisting of stock index futures or options, as substitutes for the underlying securities in the S&P SmallCap 600. | |
The Fund may change its target index for a different index if the current index is discontinued or if the Fund’s board of directors believes a different index would better enable the Fund to match the performance of the market segment represented by the current index. The substitute index will measure the same general segment of the market as the current index.
Although index funds, by their nature, tend to be tax-efficient investments, the Fund generally is managed without regard to tax efficiency. |
Buying Fund Investment Style
A description of the investment style of the Buying Fund is set forth below:
Different common stocks have different weightings in the S&P SmallCap 600, depending on the amount of stock outstanding and the stock’s current price. In seeking to match the performance of the S&P SmallCap 600, Columbia Management attempts to allocate the Fund’s assets among common stocks in approximately the same weightings as the S&P SmallCap 600.
Columbia Management may sell a stock when the stock’s percentage weighting in the index is reduced, when the stock is removed from the index, or for other reasons.
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
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Comparison of Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the fundamental investment policies of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the fundamental investment policies of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund result in any material difference in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed. A “fundamental” investment policy is one that may not be changed without a shareholder vote.
The Funds’ fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Underwriting | The Fund will not act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them. | The Fund may not underwrite any issue of securities within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with its investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered management investment companies. | ||
Real Estate | The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real estate limited partnerships. | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate and may purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate. | ||
Commodities | The Fund will not buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from buying or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from, physical commodities. | The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment objective, invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, and purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including, without limitation, forward currency contracts. | ||
Industry Concentration | The Fund will not concentrate in any one industry. According to the present interpretation by the SEC, this means that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, based on current market value at time of purchase, can be invested in any one industry. | The Fund may not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this |
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Policy | RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. | ||||
Lending | The Fund will not lend securities or participate in an interfund lending program if the total of all such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets except this fundamental investment policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. | ||
Borrowing / Issuing Senior Securities | The Fund will not borrow money, except for temporary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) immediately after the borrowings.
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. | ||
Diversification | The Fund will not purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer, except that up to 25% of the Fund’s assets may be invested without regard to this 10% limitation.
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any company, government, or political subdivision thereof, except the limitation will not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, or other investment companies, and except that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to this 5% limitation. | The Fund may not purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) a Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the non-fundamental investment policies (policies that may be changed without a shareholder vote) of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the non-fundamental policies of the Funds result in any material differences in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed.
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The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Illiquid Securities | No more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets will be held in securities and other instruments that are illiquid. | |||
Short Selling | No stated policy. | The Fund may not sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.
| ||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” below.
Although the Funds describe them somewhat differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Buying Fund and the Selling Fund are generally similar because the Funds have similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and investment policies. The actual risks of investing in each Fund depend on the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio and on market conditions, both of which change over time. The Buying Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Similarities and material differences between the Buying Fund’s principal risks and those of the Selling Fund are also identified below.
• | Investment Strategy Risk – Columbia Management uses the principal investment strategies and other investment strategies to seek to achieve the Buying Fund’s investment objective. There is no assurance that the Buying Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investment decisions made by Columbia Management in using these strategies may not produce the returns expected by Columbia Management, may cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or may cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
• | Market Risk – Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities that the Buying Fund holds will rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Security values may fall because of factors affecting individual companies, industries or sectors, or the markets as a whole, reducing the value of an investment in the Buying Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Buying Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The market values of the securities the Buying Fund holds also can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, equity securities tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
• | Index Risk – The Buying Fund’s value will generally decline when the performance of its targeted index declines. In addition, because the Fund may not hold all issues included in its index, may not always be fully invested, and bears advisory, administrative and other expenses and transaction costs in trading securities, the Fund’s performance may fail to match the performance of its targeted index, after taking expenses into account. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
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• | Derivatives Risk – Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are, for example, based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or bond), assets (such as a commodity like gold or a foreign currency), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses or may limit the Buying Fund’s potential gain from favorable market movements. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Buying Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had it invested in the underlying security or other asset. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility, among other consequences. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders holding shares in a taxable account. Other risks arise from the Buying Fund’s potential inability to terminate or to sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Buying Fund’s derivative positions at times when the Buying Fund might wish to terminate or to sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risks of mispricing or improper valuation and that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Buying Fund also may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to engage in derivative transactions when it is deemed favorable to do so, or at all. For more information on the risks of derivative investments and strategies, see the Merger SAI. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
• | Smaller Company Securities Risk – Securities of small- or mid-capitalization companies (“smaller companies”) can, in certain circumstances, have a higher potential for gains than securities of large-capitalization companies but many also have more risk. For example, smaller companies may be more vulnerable to market downturns and adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies because they may have more limited financial resources and business operations. These companies are also more likely than larger companies to have more limited product lines and operating histories and to depend on smaller management teams. Their securities may trade less frequently and in smaller volumes and may be less liquid and fluctuate more sharply in value than securities of larger companies. In addition, some smaller companies may not be widely followed by the investment community, which can lower the demand for their stocks. The Selling Fund also is subject to this principal risk. |
The following bar charts and tables provide some illustration of the risks of investing in the Funds by showing, respectively:
• | how each Fund’s performance has varied for each full calendar year shown in the bar chart; and |
• | how each Fund’s average annual total returns compare to certain measures of market performance shown in the table. |
Both the bar chart and the table assume that all distributions have been reinvested. The performance of different classes of each Fund varies because of differences in sales charges and other fees and expenses. How a Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. The performance shown reflects any fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements in effect for the periods reported. In the absence of such fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements, the performance shown would have been lower.
Bar Charts. Class A share information is shown in the bar charts; the sales charge for Class A shares of the Selling Fund is not reflected in the bar charts.
Tables. The tables below show total returns from hypothetical investments in the indicated classes of shares of each Fund. Class B and Class R4 shares of the Buying Fund have not yet commenced operations; accordingly, performance information for those classes is not shown. The returns shown are compared to measures of market performance shown for the same periods. The performance calculations in the tables assume:
• | the maximum sales charge for Class A shares of the Selling Fund; |
• | sales at the end of the indicated period and deduction of the applicable contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) for Class B shares; |
• | no sales charge for Class A shares of the Buying Fund and Class R4 shares of the Selling Fund; and |
• | except as noted for Class A shares, no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on the reinvested income and capital gains. |
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After-Tax Returns
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A shares. After-tax returns for the other share classes will vary. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the effect of foreign, state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and most likely will differ from the returns shown in the table. If you hold your shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, the after-tax returns do not apply to you because you will not incur taxes until you begin to withdraw from your account.
The return after taxes on distributions for a period may be the same as the return before taxes for the same period if there were no distributions or if the distributions were small. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for a period may be greater than the return before taxes for the same period if there was a tax loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (because it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return.
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +21.19% (quarter ended June 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -25.35% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges applicable to the Selling Fund, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +8.19%.
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +21.02% (quarter ended June 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -25.03% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +8.29%.
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund): | 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +18.74 | % | -0.36 | % | +4.93 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +18.74 | % | -2.58 | % | +3.26 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and redemption of Fund shares | +12.18 | % | -0.45 | % | +4.00 | % | ||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +19.62 | % | -0.14 | % | +4.74 | % | ||||||
Class R4 | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +26.12 | % | +0.97 | % | +5.73 | % |
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
| ||||||||||||
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
S&P SmallCap 600® Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expense or taxes) | +25.57 | % | +1.36 | % | +6.35 | % | ||||||
Lipper Small-Cap Core Funds Index (reflects no deduction for fees or taxes) | +34.50 | % | +1.55 | % | +5.24 | % |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
| ||||||||||||
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +25.19 | % | +1.05 | % | +5.65 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +25.05 | % | -0.22 | % | +4.80 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +16.51 | % | +0.77 | % | +4.82 | % | ||||||
S&P SmallCap 600® Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +25.57 | % | +1.36 | % | +6.35 | % |
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Proposal 3 Comparison of Objectives, Strategies and Risks. Reorganization of RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund
Comparison of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund
The Selling Fund and the Buying Fund:
• | Have Columbia Management as investment manager. |
• | Have the same policies for buying and selling shares and the same exchange rights. Please see Exhibit C for a description of these policies for the Buying Fund. |
• | Are structured as series of an open-end management investment company. The Selling Fund is organized as a series of a Minnesota corporation and the Buying Fund is organized as series of a Massachusetts business trust. Please see Exhibit D to this combined proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding the differences between the rights of shareholders of the Selling Fund and shareholders of the Buying Fund. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives
The investment objectives of the Funds are as follows:
Selling Fund: RiverSource Balanced Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a balance of growth of capital and current income.
Buying Fund: Columbia Balanced Fund seeks high total return by investing in common stocks and debt securities.
Because any investment involves risk, there can be no assurance that any Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The investment objective of the Selling Fund and the investment objective of the Buying Fund may be changed only with shareholder approval.
Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies
Both the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund invest in a combination of equity and debt securities. The Selling Fund invests at least 40% of its total assets in common stocks and invests no less than 25% of its total assets in debt securities, whereas the Buying Fund invests between 35% and 65% of its net assets in each asset class. With respect to its equity securities investments, the Buying Fund invests primarily in equity securities of large-capitalization companies; the Selling Fund is not similarly constrained, though, pursuant to its investment philosophy, it generally invests primarily in large-capitalization companies. With respect to their debt securities investments, each Fund invests primarily in investment grade securities. The Buying Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in below investment grade securities, whereas the Selling Fund may invest in below investment grade securities without limitation. The Selling Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign investments, whereas the Buying Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in foreign investments.
Additional information regarding the principal investment strategies of each Fund is set forth below:
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | |
The Fund invests primarily in a combination of common and preferred stocks, bonds and other debt securities. Under normal market conditions, at least 40% of the Fund’s total assets are invested in common stocks and no less than 25% of the Fund’s total assets are invested in debt securities.
| Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests in a mix of equity and debt securities. Columbia Management allocates the Fund’s assets among equity and debt securities based on Columbia Management’s assessment of the relative risks and returns of each asset class. The Fund will invest between 35% and 65% of net assets in each asset class.
| |
The Fund’s equity investment philosophy is rooted in the belief that a disciplined, systematic, value-oriented approach to investing primarily in large-cap companies provides investors with an excellent opportunity for long-term growth of capital. | With respect to its equity securities investments, which may include among other types of equity securities common stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common or preferred stocks, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities of large-capitalization companies. |
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RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | |
Although the Fund emphasizes high- and medium-quality securities for the debt portion of its portfolio, it may buy lower-quality (junk) bonds. | With respect to its debt securities investments, the Fund invests primarily in securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality. These securities include debt securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, debt securities issued by corporations, mortgage- and other asset-backed securities, and other intermediate- to long-term debt securities. The Fund may invest up to 10% of total assets in securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.”
| |
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign investments. | The Fund may also invest up to 20% of its net assets in foreign securities. The Fund may invest directly in foreign securities or indirectly through depositary receipts. Depositary receipts are receipts issued by a bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by foreign companies. Foreign securities include equity and fixed-income securities of foreign issuers.
| |
Columbia Management may use derivatives such as futures, options, forward contracts and swaps, including credit default swaps, in an effort to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, to increase market exposure and investment flexibility, or to obtain or reduce credit exposure. | The Fund may invest in derivatives, including futures, forwards, options, swap contracts and other derivative instruments. The Fund may invest in derivatives for both hedging and non-hedging purposes, including, for example, to seek to enhance returns or as a substitute for a position in an underlying asset. |
Buying Fund Investment Style
A description of the investment style of the Buying Fund is set forth below:
Columbia Management evaluates the relative attractiveness of each potential investment in constructing the Buying Fund’s portfolio by considering a wide variety of factors which may include, among other factors, valuation, fundamentals, quantitative analysis and economic and market expectations.
Columbia Management may sell a security when the Buying Fund’s asset allocation changes; when the security’s price reaches a target set by Columbia Management; if Columbia Management believes that there is deterioration in the issuer’s financial circumstances or fundamental prospects, or that other investments are more attractive; or for other reasons.
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the fundamental investment policies of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the fundamental investment policies of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund result in any material difference in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed. A “fundamental” investment policy is one that may not be changed without a shareholder vote.
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The Funds’ fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Borrowing/ Issuing Senior Securities | The Fund will not borrow money, except for temporary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) immediately after the borrowings.
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | ||
Commodities | The Fund will not buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from buying or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from, physical commodities. | The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts. | ||
Diversification | The Fund will not purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer, except that up to 25% of the Fund’s assets may be invested without regard to this 10% limitation.
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any company, government, or political subdivision thereof, except the limitation will not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, or other investment companies, and except that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to this 5% limitation. | The Fund may not purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, or any applicable exemptive relief. | ||
Industry Concentration | The Fund will not concentrate in any one industry. According to the present interpretation by the SEC, this means that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, based on current market value at time of purchase, can be invested in any one industry. | The Fund may not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. |
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Policy | RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Lending | The Fund will not lend securities or participate in an interfund lending program if the total of all such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets except this fundamental investment policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | ||
Real Estate | The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real estate limited partnerships. | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein. | ||
Underwriting | The Fund will not act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them. | The Fund may not underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the non-fundamental investment policies (policies that may be changed without a shareholder vote) of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the non-fundamental policies of the Funds result in any material differences in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed.
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The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Illiquid Securities | No more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets will be held in securities and other instruments that are illiquid. | The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. | ||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” below.
Although the Funds describe them somewhat differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Buying Fund and the Selling Fund are generally similar because the Funds have similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and investment policies. The actual risks of investing in each Fund depend on the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio and on market conditions, both of which change over time. The Buying Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Similarities and material differences between the Buying Fund’s principal risks and those of the Selling Fund are also identified below.
• | Investment Strategy Risk – Columbia Management uses the principal investment strategies and other investment strategies to seek to achieve the Buying Fund’s investment objective. Investment decisions made by Columbia Management in using these strategies may not produce the returns expected by Columbia Management, may cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or may cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Market Risk – Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities that the Buying Fund holds will rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Security values may fall because of factors affecting individual companies, industries or sectors, or the markets as a whole, reducing the value of an investment in the Buying Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Buying Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The market values of the securities the Buying Fund holds also can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, equity securities tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Allocation Risk – The Buying Fund uses an asset allocation strategy in pursuit of its investment objective. There is a risk that the Buying Fund’s allocation among asset classes or investments will cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives, or that the investments themselves will not produce the returns expected. The Selling Fund is not subject to allocations risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent it uses an asset allocation strategy in pursuit of its investment objective. |
• | Interest Rate Risk – Debt securities are subject to interest rate risk. In general, if prevailing interest rates rise, the values of debt securities will tend to fall, and if interest rates fall, the values of debt securities will tend to rise. Changes in the value of |
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a debt security usually will not affect the amount of income the Buying Fund receives from it but may affect the value of the Buying Fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for debt securities with longer maturities/durations. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Credit Risk – Credit risk applies to most debt securities, but is generally not a factor for obligations backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. The Buying Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt security is unable or perceived to be unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Various factors could affect the issuer’s actual or perceived willingness or ability to make timely interest or principal payments, including changes in the issuer’s financial condition or in general economic conditions. Debt securities backed by an issuer’s taxing authority may be subject to legal limits on the issuer’s power to increase taxes or otherwise to raise revenue, or may be dependent on legislative appropriation or government aid. Certain debt securities are backed only by revenues derived from a particular project or source, rather than by an issuer’s taxing authority, and thus may have a greater risk of default. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | U.S. Government Obligations Risk – U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government and generally have negligible credit risk. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or authorities and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities or enterprises may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. For example, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Banks are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency, authority, instrumentality or enterprise and, as a result, are subject to greater credit risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. The Selling Fund is not subject to U.S. government obligations risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investment in U.S. government obligations. |
• | Reinvestment Risk – Income from the Buying Fund’s debt securities portfolio will decline if and when the Buying Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called securities in securities with market interest rates that are below the current earnings rate of the Buying Fund’s portfolio. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk – The value of the Buying Fund’s mortgage-backed securities may be affected by, among other things, changes or perceived changes in: interest rates, factors concerning the interests in and structure of the issuer or the originator of the mortgages, the creditworthiness of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements, or the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets. Mortgage-backed securities represent interests in, or are backed by, pools of mortgages from which payments of interest and principal (net of fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities) are distributed to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities can have a fixed or an adjustable rate. Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage-backed securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed (i) by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association) or (ii) by its agencies, authorities, enterprises or instrumentalities (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC)), which are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government (although FNMA and FHLMC may be able to access capital from the U.S. Treasury to meet their obligations under such securities). Mortgage-backed securities issued by non-governmental issuers (such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) may be supported by various credit enhancements, such as pool insurance, guarantees issued by governmental entities, letters of credit from a bank or senior/subordinated structures, and may entail greater risk than obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government, whether or not such obligations are guaranteed by the private issuer. Mortgage-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the possibility that the underlying mortgage may be refinanced or prepaid prior to maturity during periods of declining or low interest rates, causing the Buying Fund to have to reinvest the money received in securities that have lower yields. In addition, the impact of prepayments on the value of mortgage-backed securities may be difficult to predict and may result in greater volatility. Rising or high interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage-backed securities, making them more volatile and more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The Selling Fund is not subject to mortgage-backed securities risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investment in mortgage-backed securities. |
• | Asset-Backed Securities Risk – The value of the Buying Fund’s asset-backed securities may be affected by, among other things, changes in: interest rates, factors concerning the interests in and structure of the issuer or the originator of the receivables, the creditworthiness of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements, or the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets. Asset-backed securities represent interests in, or are backed by, pools of receivables such as credit card, auto, student and home equity loans. They may also be backed, in |
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turn, by securities backed by these types of loans and others, such as mortgage loans. Asset-backed securities can have a fixed or an adjustable rate. Most asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the possibility that the underlying debt may be refinanced or prepaid prior to maturity during periods of declining or low interest rates, causing the Buying Fund to have to reinvest the money received in securities that have lower yields. In addition, the impact of prepayments on the value of asset-backed securities may be difficult to predict and may result in greater volatility. Rising or high interest rates tend to extend the duration of asset-backed securities, making them more volatile and more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The Selling Fund is not subject to asset-backed securities risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investment in asset-backed securities. |
• | Derivatives Risk – Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are, for example, based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or bond), assets (such as a commodity like gold or a foreign currency), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses or may limit the Buying Fund’s potential gain from favorable market movements. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Buying Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had it invested in the underlying security. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility, among other consequences. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Other risks arise from the Buying Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Buying Fund’s derivative positions at times when the Buying Fund might wish to terminate or sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risks of mispricing or improper valuation and that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Buying Fund also may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to engage in derivative transactions when it is deemed favorable to do so, or at all. For more information on the risks of derivative investments and strategies, see the Merger SAI. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign securities are subject to special risks as compared to securities of U.S. issuers. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may impact the value of foreign securities denominated in foreign currencies, or in U.S. dollars, without a change in the intrinsic value of those securities. Foreign securities may be less liquid than domestic securities so that the Buying Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at desirable times or prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial fees and other fees are also generally higher for foreign securities. The Buying Fund may have limited or no legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain foreign securities, including those issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose potentially confiscatory withholding or other taxes, which could reduce the amount of income and capital gains available to distribute to shareholders. Other risks include possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the payment of income; generally less publicly available information about companies; the impact of political, social or diplomatic events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets; possible imposition of currency exchange controls; and accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards that may be less comprehensive and stringent than those applicable to domestic companies. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
The following bar charts and tables provide some illustration of the risks of investing in the Funds by showing, respectively:
• | how each Fund’s performance has varied for each full calendar year shown in the bar chart; and |
• | how each Fund’s average annual total returns compare to certain measures of market performance shown in the table. |
Both the bar chart and the table assume that all distributions have been reinvested. The performance of different classes varies because of differences in sales charges and other fees and expenses. How a Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. The performance shown reflects any fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements in effect for the periods reported. In the absence of such fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements, the performance shown would have been lower.
Bar Charts. Class A share information is shown in the bar charts; the sales charge for Class A shares is not reflected in the bar charts.
Tables. The tables below show total returns from hypothetical investments in the indicated classes of shares of each Fund. Class R and Class R5 shares of the Selling Fund and Class R shares of the Buying Fund are new; accordingly, performance information for those classes is not shown. Class R4 and Class R5
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shares of the Buying Fund have not yet commenced operations; accordingly, performance information for those classes is not shown. The returns shown are compared to measures of market performance shown for the same periods. The performance calculations in the tables assume:
• | the maximum sales charge for Class A shares; |
• | sales at the end of the indicated period and deduction of the applicable CDSC for Class B and Class C shares; |
• | no sales charge for Class R4 shares; and |
• | except as noted for Class A shares, no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on reinvested income and capital gains. |
After-Tax Returns
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A shares. After-tax returns for the other share classes will vary. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the effect of foreign, state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and most likely will differ from the returns shown in the table. If you hold your shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, the after-tax returns do not apply to you because you will not incur taxes until you begin to withdraw from your account.
The return after taxes on distributions for a period may be the same as the return before taxes for the same period if there were no distributions or if the distributions were small. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for a period may be greater than the return before taxes for the same period if there was a tax loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (because it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return.
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +13.53% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -16.19% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund formerly was a “feeder” fund in a master/feeder arrangement where the Fund invested all of its assets in a corresponding “master” fund with an identical investment objective and investment strategies. As of January 12, 2006, the Fund became a stand-alone fund that invests directly in a portfolio of securities. The information shown includes the activity of the Fund when it was a feeder fund in a master/feeder arrangement.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +4.36%.
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund)
CLASS A* SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
* | Class A is a newer class of shares. Its performance information includes returns of the Fund’s Class Z shares (the oldest existing Fund class, which is offered in a separate prospectus) for periods prior to its inception. These returns have not been restated to reflect any differences in expenses, such as distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees between Class A shares and Class Z shares. If differences in expenses had been reflected, the returns shown for periods prior to the inception date of Class A shares would have been lower, since Class A shares are subject to a distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fee. Class A shares were initially offered on November 1, 2002, and Class Z shares were initially offered on October 1, 1991. |
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During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +14.13% (quarter ended June 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -14.09% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +4.08%.
Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | Since Inception (Class C) (6/26/00) | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund)(1) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A (with sales charge) | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +17.26 | % | -0.03 | % | -1.52 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +16.24 | % | -0.93 | % | -2.34 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +11.14 | % | -0.53 | % | -1.75 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +18.58 | % | +0.02 | % | -1.69 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +22.53 | % | +0.40 | % | N/A | -1.40 | % | |||||||||
Class R4 | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +24.63 | % | +1.32 | % | -0.77 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Russell 1000® Value Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +19.69 | % | -0.25 | % | +2.47 | % | +2.74 | % | ||||||||
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +5.93 | % | +4.97 | % | +6.33 | % | +6.29 | % | ||||||||
Blended Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +14.81 | % | +2.16 | % | +4.35 | % | +4.49 | % | ||||||||
Lipper Balanced Funds Index | +23.35 | % | +2.63 | % | +2.79 | % | +2.76 | % |
(1) | The Fund formerly was a “feeder” fund in a master/feeder arrangement where the Fund invested all of its assets in a corresponding “master” fund with an identical investment objective and investment strategies. As of January 12, 2006, the Fund became a stand-alone fund that invests directly in a portfolio of securities. The information shown includes the activity of the Fund when it was a feeder in a master/feeder arrangement. |
Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years(1) | ||||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A (with sales charges) | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +20.73 | % | +3.39 | % | +1.29 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +20.06 | % | +2.76 | % | +1.05 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +13.61 | % | +2.58 | % | +1.15 | % | ||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +22.18 | % | +3.48 | % | +1.94 | % | ||||||
Class C |
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Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years(1) | ||||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +26.11 | % | +3.38 | % | +1.94 | % | ||||||
S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +26.46 | % | +0.42 | % | -0.95 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +5.93 | % | +4.97 | % | +6.33 | % |
(1) | Class A and Class B are newer classes of shares. Their performance information includes returns of the Fund’s Class Z shares (the oldest existing Fund class, which is offered in a separate prospectus) for periods prior to their inception. The returns for Class C shares include returns of Class B shares for periods prior to October 13, 2003, the date on which Class C shares were initially offered by the Fund. The returns shown for Class C shares also include the performance of Class Z shares for periods prior to November 1, 2002, the date on which Class B shares were initially offered by the Fund. These returns reflect differences in sales charges, but have not been restated to reflect any differences in expenses, such as distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees between Class Z shares and the newer classes of shares. If differences in expenses had been reflected, the returns shown would have been lower, since the newer classes of shares are subject to a distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fee. Class A shares were initially offered on November 1, 2002 and Class Z shares were initially offered on October 1, 1991. |
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Proposal 4 Comparison of Objectives, Strategies and Risks. Reorganization of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund into Columbia Strategic Income Fund
Comparison of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund
Both the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund:
• | Have Columbia Management as investment manager. |
• | Have the same policies for buying and selling shares and the same exchange rights. Please see Exhibit C for a description of these policies for the Buying Fund. |
• | Are structured as series of an open-end management investment company. The Selling Fund is organized as series of a Minnesota corporation and the Buying Fund is organized as a series of a Massachusetts business trust. Please see Exhibit D to this combined proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding the differences between the rights of shareholders of the Selling Fund and shareholders of the Buying Fund. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives
The investment objectives of the Funds are as follows:
Selling Fund: RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a high level of current income with capital growth as a secondary objective.
Buying Fund: The Strategic Income Fund seeks total return, consisting of current income and capital appreciation.
Because any investment involves risk, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The investment objective of the Selling Fund may be changed only with shareholder approval, while the investment objective of the Buying Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, both the Buying Fund and the Selling Fund invest primarily in debt securities. The Buying Fund invests primarily in the following three segments of the debt securities market: government securities, including mortgage- and asset-backed securities; foreign securities; and below investment grade securities. The Selling Fund invests in different asset classes in various ranges as described below, including equity securities and investment grade debt securities. The Selling Fund may invest between 15-70% of its assets in investment grade debt securities as a principal investment strategy; the Buying Fund is not similarly constrained. The Selling Fund may invest between 25-75% of its assets in below investment grade debt securities, whereas the Buying Fund is not similarly constrained. The Selling Fund may invest in floating rate loans as a principal investment strategy; the Buying Fund has no similar principal investment strategy, but may invest in floating rate loans.
Additional information regarding the principal investment strategies of each Fund is set forth below:
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | |
The Fund’s assets are primarily allocated among various fixed income investment categories including: high yield bonds, emerging markets bonds, bank loans, government and corporate bonds, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, Treasury inflation protected securities, international bonds and cash or cash equivalents. A smaller portion of the Fund may be allocated to real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and U.S. and international equity securities. | Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests primarily in debt securities in the following three segments of the debt securities market: (i) securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, including mortgage- and other asset-backed securities; (ii) securities issued by foreign governments, companies or other entities, including in emerging market countries and non-dollar denominated securities; and (iii) below investment grade corporate debt securities or unrated corporate debt securities determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” | |
The Fund may invest up to 100% of its total assets in foreign investments, which may include emerging markets, and up to 75% of its total assets in below investment-grade debt securities (junk bonds) and floating rate loans (typically senior secured floating rate loans). |
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RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | |
The allocation of the Fund’s investments will remain within the ranges selected by Columbia Management. The ranges selected by Columbia Management are:
Fixed income – Below Investment Grade (High yield bonds, High yield, floating rate loans, Emerging markets bonds): 25-75%
Fixed Income – Investment Grade (Government and corporate bonds, Mortgage-backed securities, Treasury inflation protected securities, International bonds): 15-70%
Equity (Real Estate, U.S. and international equities): 0-10%
Cash: 0-30% | ||
The Fund also may invest in private placements. | ||
The Fund also may participate in mortgage dollar rolls up to the Fund’s then current position in mortgage-backed securities. | ||
Columbia Management may use exchange traded funds to gain exposure to the various equity investment categories. | ||
Columbia Management may use derivatives such as futures, options, swaps, forward contracts and structured notes, to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, maintain investment efficiency or to increase flexibility. | The Fund may invest in derivatives, including futures, forwards, options, swap contracts and other derivative instruments. The Fund may invest in derivatives for both hedging and non-hedging purposes, including, for example, to seek to enhance returns or as a substitute for a position in an underlying asset. |
Buying Fund Investment Style
A description of the investment style of the Buying Fund is set forth below:
Columbia Management evaluates a number of factors in identifying investment opportunities and constructing the Buying Fund’s portfolio. Columbia Management considers local, national and global economic conditions, market conditions, interest rate movements, and other relevant factors to determine the allocation of the Fund’s assets among different issuers, industry sectors and maturities. Columbia Management, in connection with selecting individual investments for the Fund, evaluates a security based on its potential to generate income and/or capital appreciation. Columbia Management considers, among other factors, the creditworthiness of the issuer of the security and the various features of the security, such as its interest rate, yield, maturity, any call features and value relative to other securities.
Columbia Management may sell a security if Columbia Management believes that there has been deterioration in the issuer’s financial circumstances, or that other investments are more attractive; if there is deterioration in a security’s credit rating; or for other reasons.
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the fundamental investment policies of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the fundamental investment policies of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund result in any material difference in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed. A “fundamental” investment policy is one that may not be changed without a shareholder vote.
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The Funds’ fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Commodities | The Fund will not buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from buying or selling options, futures contracts and foreign currency or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from, physical commodities. | The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts. | ||
Borrowing / Issuing Senior Securities / Buying on Margin / Selling Short | The Fund will not borrow money, except for temporary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) immediately after the borrowings.
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | ||
Lending | The Fund will not lend securities or participate in an interfund lending program if the total of all such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets except this fundamental investment policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | ||
Underwriting | The Fund will not act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them. | The Fund may not underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies. | ||
Real Estate | The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real estate limited partnerships. | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein. |
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Policy | RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Diversification | The Fund will not purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer, except that up to 25% of the Fund’s assets may be invested without regard to this 10% limitation.
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any company, government, or political subdivision thereof, except the limitation will not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, or other investment companies, and except that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to this 5% limitation. | The Fund may not purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief. | ||
Industry Concentration | The Fund will not concentrate in any one industry. According to the present interpretation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), this means that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, based on current market value at time of purchase, can be invested in any one industry. | The Fund may not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the non-fundamental investment policies (policies that may be changed without a shareholder vote) of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the non-fundamental policies of the Funds result in any material differences in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed.
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The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Purchases of Securities of Other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. | ||
Illiquid Securities | No more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets will be held in securities and other instruments that are illiquid. | The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. | ||
Short Sales | The Fund is not prohibited from engaging in short sales as an investment strategy, however, the Fund will seek Board approval prior to utilizing short sales as an active part of its investment strategy. | The Fund may not sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulation thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. |
Differences between the Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided below.
Although the Funds describe them somewhat differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Buying Fund and the Selling Fund are generally similar because the Funds have similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and investment policies. The actual risks of investing in each Fund depend on the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio and on market conditions, both of which change over time. The Buying Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Similarities and material differences between the Buying Fund’s principal risks and those of the Selling Fund are also identified below.
• | Investment Strategy Risk – Columbia Management uses the principal investment strategies and other investment strategies to seek to achieve the Buying Fund’s investment objective. There is no assurance that the Buying Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investment decisions made by Columbia Management in using these strategies may not produce the returns expected by Columbia Management, may cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or may cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Market Risk – Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities that the Buying Fund holds will rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Security values may fall because of factors affecting individual companies, industries or sectors, or the markets as a whole, reducing the value of an investment in the Buying Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Buying Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The market values of the securities the Buying Fund holds also can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, equity securities tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Low and Below Investment Grade Securities Risk – Debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch) or that are below investment grade (which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) (e.g., BB or below by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch) are more speculative than securities with higher ratings, and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy, which is more likely to weaken the ability of the issuers to make principal and interest payments on these securities than is the case for higher-rated securities. These securities typically pay a premium – a higher interest rate or yield – because of the increased risk of loss, including default. These securities also are generally less liquid than higher-rated securities. The securities ratings provided by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch are based on analyses by these ratings agencies of the credit quality of the securities and may not take into account every risk related to whether interest or principal will be timely repaid. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
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• | Interest Rate Risk – Debt securities are subject to interest rate risk. In general, if prevailing interest rates rise, the values of debt securities will tend to fall, and if interest rates fall, the values of debt securities will tend to rise. Changes in the value of a debt security usually will not affect the amount of income the Buying Fund receives from it but may affect the value of the Buying Fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for debt securities with longer maturities/durations. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Credit Risk – Credit risk applies to most debt securities, but is generally not a factor for obligations backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. The Buying Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt security is unable or perceived to be unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Various factors could affect the issuer’s actual or perceived willingness or ability to make timely interest or principal payments, including changes in the issuer’s financial condition or in general economic conditions. Debt securities backed by an issuer’s taxing authority may be subject to legal limits on the issuer’s power to increase taxes or otherwise to raise revenue, or may be dependent on legislative appropriation or government aid. Certain debt securities are backed only by revenues derived from a particular project or source, rather than by an issuer’s taxing authority, and thus may have a greater risk of default. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Foreign Securities Risk – Foreign securities are subject to special risks as compared to securities of U.S. issuers. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may impact the value of foreign securities denominated in foreign currencies, or in U.S. dollars, without a change in the intrinsic value of those securities. Foreign securities may be less liquid than domestic securities so that the Buying Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at desirable times or prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial fees and other fees are also generally higher for foreign securities. The Buying Fund may have limited or no legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain foreign securities, including those issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose potentially confiscatory withholding or other taxes, which could reduce the amount of income and capital gains available to distribute to shareholders. Other risks include possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the payment of income; generally less publicly available information about companies; the impact of political, social or diplomatic events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets; possible imposition of currency exchange controls; and accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards that may be less comprehensive and stringent than those applicable to domestic companies. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Currency Risk – Securities denominated in different currencies are subject to the risk that, for example, if the value of a foreign currency were to decline against the U.S. dollar, such decline would reduce the U.S. dollar value of any securities held by the Buying Fund denominated in that currency. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Emerging Market Securities Risk – Securities issued by foreign governments or companies in emerging market countries, like those in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America or Africa are more likely to have greater exposure to the risks of investing in foreign securities that are described in Foreign Securities Risk. In addition, emerging market countries are more likely to experience instability resulting, for example, from rapid social, political and economic development. Their economies are usually less mature and their securities markets are typically less developed with more limited trading activity than more developed countries. Emerging market securities tend to be more volatile than securities in more developed markets. Many emerging market countries are heavily dependent on international trade, which makes them more sensitive to world commodity prices and economic downturns in other countries. Some emerging market countries have a higher risk of currency devaluations, and some of these countries may experience periods of high inflation or rapid changes in inflation rates. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | U.S. Government Obligations Risk – U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government and generally have negligible credit risk. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or authorities and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities or enterprises may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. For example, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Banks are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency, authority, instrumentality or enterprise and, as a result, are subject to greater credit risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. The Selling Fund is not subject to U.S. government obligations risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investments in U.S. government obligations. |
• | Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk – The value of the Buying Fund’s mortgage-backed securities may be affected by, among other things, changes or perceived changes in: interest rates, factors concerning the interests in and structure of the issuer or the originator of the mortgages, the creditworthiness of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements, or the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets. Mortgage-backed securities represent |
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interests in, or are backed by, pools of mortgages from which payments of interest and principal (net of fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities) are distributed to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities can have a fixed or an adjustable rate. Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage-backed securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed (i) by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association) or (ii) by its agencies, authorities, enterprises or instrumentalities (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC)), which are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government (although FNMA and FHLMC may be able to access capital from the U.S. Treasury to meet their obligations under such securities). Mortgage-backed securities issued by non-governmental issuers (such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) may be supported by various credit enhancements, such as pool insurance, guarantees issued by governmental entities, letters of credit from a bank or senior/subordinated structures, and may entail greater risk than obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government, whether or not such obligations are guaranteed by the private issuer. Mortgage-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the possibility that the underlying mortgage may be refinanced or prepaid prior to maturity during periods of declining or low interest rates, causing the Buying Fund to have to reinvest the money received in securities that have lower yields. In addition, the impact of prepayments on the value of mortgage-backed securities may be difficult to predict and may result in greater volatility. Rising or high interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage-backed securities, making them more volatile and more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The Selling Fund is not subject to mortgage-backed securities risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investments in mortgage-backed securities. |
• | Asset-Backed Securities Risk – The value of the Buying Fund’s asset-backed securities may be affected by, among other things, changes in: interest rates, factors concerning the interests in and structure of the issuer or the originator of the receivables, the creditworthiness of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements, or the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets. Asset-backed securities represent interests in, or are backed by, pools of receivables such as credit card, auto, student and home equity loans. They may also be backed, in turn, by securities backed by these types of loans and others, such as mortgage loans. Asset-backed securities can have a fixed or an adjustable rate. Most asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the possibility that the underlying debt may be refinanced or prepaid prior to maturity during periods of declining or low interest rates, causing the Buying Fund to have to reinvest the money received in securities that have lower yields. In addition, the impact of prepayments on the value of asset-backed securities may be difficult to predict and may result in greater volatility. Rising or high interest rates tend to extend the duration of asset-backed securities, making them more volatile and more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The Selling Fund is not subject to asset-backed securities risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investments in asset-backed securities. |
• | Reinvestment Risk – Income from the Buying Fund’s debt securities portfolio will decline if and when the Buying Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called securities in securities with market interest rates that are below the current earnings rate of the Buying Fund’s portfolio. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Dollar Rolls Risk – Dollar rolls are transactions in which the Buying Fund sells securities to a counterparty and simultaneously agrees to purchase those or similar securities in the future at a predetermined price. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Buying Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price, or that the counterparty may default on its obligations. These transactions may also increase the Buying Fund’s portfolio turnover rate. If the Buying Fund reinvests the proceeds of the security sold, the Buying Fund will also be subject to the risk that the investments purchased with such proceeds will decline in value (a form of leverage risk). The Selling Fund is not subject to dollar rolls risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investments in dollar rolls. |
• | Derivatives Risk – Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are, for example, based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or bond), assets (such as a commodity like gold or a foreign currency), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses or may limit the Buying Fund’s potential gain from favorable market movements. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Buying Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had it invested in the underlying security. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility, among other consequences. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Other risks arise from the Buying Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Buying Fund’s derivative positions at times when the Buying Fund might wish to terminate or sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risks of mispricing or improper valuation and that changes in the value of the |
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derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Buying Fund also may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to engage in derivative transactions when it is deemed favorable to do so, or at all. For more information on the risks of derivative investments and strategies, see the Merger SAI. The Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
The following bar charts and tables provide some illustration of the risks of investing in the Funds by showing, respectively:
• | how each Fund’s performance has varied for each full calendar year shown in the bar chart; and |
• | how each Fund’s average annual total returns compare to certain measures of market performance shown in the table. |
Both the bar chart and the table assume that all distributions have been reinvested. The performance of different classes varies because of differences in sales charges and other fees and expenses. How a Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. The performance shown reflects any fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements in effect for the periods reported. In the absence of such fee waivers or expense reimbursement arrangements, the performance shown would have been lower.
Bar Charts. Class A share information is shown in the bar charts; the sales charge for Class A shares is not reflected in the bar charts.
Tables. The tables below show total returns from hypothetical investments in the indicated classes of shares of each Fund. Class R shares of the Buying Fund are new, and Class R4 and Class R5 shares of the Buying Fund have not yet commenced operations; accordingly, performance information for those classes is not shown. The returns shown are compared to measures of market performance shown for the same periods. The performance calculations in the tables assume:
• | the maximum sales charge for Class A shares; |
• | sales at the end of the indicated period and deduction of the applicable CDSC for Class B and Class C shares; and |
• | except as noted for Class A shares, no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on reinvested income and capital gains. |
After-Tax Returns
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A shares. After-tax returns for the other share classes will vary. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the effect of foreign, state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and most likely will differ from the returns shown in the table. If you hold your shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, the after-tax returns do not apply to you because you will not incur taxes until you begin to withdraw from your account.
The return after taxes on distributions for a period may be the same as the return before taxes for the same period if there were no distributions or if the distributions were small. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for a period may be greater than the return before taxes for the same period if there was a tax loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (because it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return.
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +11.60% (quarter ended June 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was –10.06% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
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These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by the investor and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares’ year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +10.49%.
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +7.71% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -3.89% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by the investor and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares’ year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +9.55%.
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | Classes A, B, and C Since Inception (5/17/07) | Classes R, R4 and R5 Since Inception (8/1/08) | ||||||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +24.23 | % | +2.56 | % | N/A | |||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +21.48 | % | +0.52 | % | N/A | |||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +15.58 | % | +0.95 | % | N/A | |||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +24.46 | % | +2.65 | % | N/A | |||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +28.49 | % | +3.65 | % | N/A | |||||||
Class R(1) | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +29.91 | % | N/A | +8.70 | % | |||||||
Class R4 | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +30.44 | % | N/A | +9.18 | % | |||||||
Class R5 | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +30.84 | % | N/A | +9.43 | % | |||||||
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +5.93 | % | +6.25 | % | +7.13 | % | ||||||
Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Index | +29.81 | % | +4.60 | % | +8.83 | % |
(1) | Class R shares of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund): | 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||
Class A (with sales charge) | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.03 | % | +3.85 | % | +5.77 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +10.95 | % | +1.53 | % | +3.00 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +8.35 | % | +1.88 | % | +3.18 | % | ||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.02 | % | +3.80 | % | +5.49 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +17.16 | % | +4.27 | % | +5.66 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Government/Credit Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +4.52 | % | +4.71 | % | +6.34 | % | ||||||
Blended Benchmark* (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +25.98 | % | +6.12 | % | +7.49 | % |
* | A custom composite, established by Columbia Management, consisting of a 35% weighting of the Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, a 35% weighting of the JPMorgan Global High Yield Index, a 15% weighting of the Citigroup Non-U.S. World Government Bond Index - Unhedged and a 15% weighting of the JPMorgan EMBI Global Diversified Index. |
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT EACH REORGANIZATION
The Board of each Fund has approved the Agreement. While shareholders are encouraged to review the Agreement, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this combined proxy statement/prospectus is a part, the following is a summary of certain terms of the Agreement:
• | Each Reorganization is expected to occur before the end of the second quarter of 2011, pending shareholder approval, receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals and satisfaction of any other conditions to closing. However, following such approvals, each Reorganization may happen at any time agreed to by the applicable Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund. |
• | Each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund and, in exchange, the corresponding Buying Fund will assume all the Selling Fund’s liabilities and will issue Reorganization Shares to the Selling Fund. The value of each Selling Fund’s assets, as well as the number of Reorganization Shares to be issued to the Selling Fund, will be determined in accordance with the Agreement. The Reorganization Shares will have an aggregate net asset value on the business day immediately preceding the closing of the Reorganization equal to the value of the assets received from the Selling Fund, less the liabilities assumed by the corresponding Buying Fund in the transaction. The Reorganization Shares will immediately be distributed to Selling Fund shareholders in proportion to their holdings of shares of the Selling Fund, in liquidation of the Selling Fund. As a result, shareholders of the Selling Fund will become shareholders of the corresponding Buying Fund. No shareholders of any Selling Fund will pay any sales charge in connection with its Reorganization. |
• | The net asset value of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund will be computed as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange on the business day next preceding the closing date of the applicable Reorganization. |
Conditions to Closing Each Reorganization
The completion of each Reorganization is subject to certain conditions described in the Agreement, including:
• | The Selling Fund will have declared and paid a dividend that, together with all previous dividends, will distribute all of the Selling Fund’s net investment income and net capital gains, if any, to the shareholders of the Selling Fund for its tax year ending on or prior to the closing date of the Reorganization. |
• | Each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund will have received any approvals, consents or exemptions from the SEC or any other regulatory body necessary to carry out the Reorganization. |
• | A registration statement on Form N-14 relating to the Reorganization will have been filed with the SEC and become effective. |
• | The shareholders of the Selling Fund will have approved the Agreement by the requisite vote. |
• | The Selling Fund will have received an opinion of tax counsel to the effect that, as described in more detail in the section entitled “Tax Status of the Reorganizations,” the shareholders of the Selling Fund will not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the exchange of their Selling Fund shares for the Reorganization Shares of the corresponding Buying Fund in connection with the Reorganization. |
• | With respect to the Reorganization of RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund, shareholders of Columbia Balanced Fund will have approved the proposed investment management services agreement approved by its respective Board in September 2010. |
The Agreement and the transactions contemplated by it may be terminated and abandoned with respect to any Reorganization by resolution of the Board of any applicable Fund at any time prior to the closing date thereof. In the event of a termination, Columbia Management will bear all costs associated with the Reorganization.
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Tax Status of the Reorganizations
Each Reorganization is intended to qualify for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a tax-free reorganization under section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As a condition to the closing of each Reorganization, each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund will receive an opinion from Ropes & Gray LLP to the effect that, as further described below, on the basis of existing provisions of the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations issued thereunder, current administrative rules, pronouncements and court decisions, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• | The Reorganization will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1) of the Code, and the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund will each be “a party to a reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(b) of the Code. |
• | Under Sections 361 and 357 of the Code, no gain or loss will be recognized by the Selling Fund upon the transfer of all of its assets to the Buying Fund in exchange for Reorganization Shares and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund, or upon the distribution of the Reorganization Shares by the Selling Fund to its shareholders in liquidation. |
• | Under Section 354 of the Code, no gain or loss will be recognized by the shareholders of the Selling Fund upon the exchange of their Selling Fund shares for Reorganization Shares of the Buying Fund. |
• | Under Section 358 of the Code, the aggregate tax basis of Reorganization Shares that a Selling Fund shareholder receives in the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the Selling Fund shares exchanged therefor. |
• | Under Section 1223(1) of the Code, a Selling Fund shareholder’s holding period for the Reorganization Shares received in the Reorganization will be determined by including the shareholder’s holding period for the Selling Fund shares exchanged therefor, provided the shareholder held such Selling Fund shares as capital assets. |
• | Under Section 1032 of the Code, no gain or loss will be recognized by the Buying Fund upon the receipt of assets of the Selling Fund in exchange for Reorganization Shares and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. |
• | Under Section 362(b) of the Code, the Buying Fund’s tax basis in the assets of the Selling Fund transferred to the Buying Fund in the Reorganization will be the same as the Selling Fund’s tax basis in such assets immediately prior to the Reorganization. |
• | Under Section 1223(2) of the Code, the Buying Fund’s holding periods in the assets received from the Selling Fund in the Reorganization will include the Selling Fund’s holding periods in such assets. |
• | The Buying Fund will succeed to and take into account the items of the Selling Fund described in Section 381(c) of the Code, subject to the conditions and limitations specified in Sections 381, 382, 383 and 384 of the Code and the regulations thereunder. |
Ropes & Gray LLP will express no view with respect to the effect of a Reorganization on any transferred asset as to which any unrealized gain or loss is required to be recognized under U.S. federal income tax principles (i) at the end of a taxable year or upon the termination thereof, or (ii) upon the transfer of such asset regardless of whether such a transfer would otherwise be a non-taxable transaction.
Each opinion will be based on certain factual certifications made by the officers of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund and will also be based on customary assumptions. Each opinion will note and distinguish certain published precedent. It is possible that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court could disagree with Ropes & Gray LLP’s opinion, which therefore cannot be free from doubt.
Opinions of counsel are not binding upon the IRS or the courts. If a Reorganization were consummated but did not qualify as a tax-free reorganization under the Code, a shareholder of the Selling Fund would recognize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between his or her tax basis in his or her Selling Fund shares and the fair market value of the Reorganization Shares of the Buying Fund he or she received. Shareholders of a Selling Fund should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the Reorganization in light of their individual circumstances.
Portfolio manager substitutions in connection with the closing of the acquisition by Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management, of the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, LLC and certain of its affiliated companies from Bank of America, N.A. (the “Transaction”), and independent of the Reorganizations, have occurred and have resulted in turnover of a portion, including a substantial portion, of the portfolio assets of certain Funds. An additional portion of the portfolio assets of each Buying or Selling Fund may also be sold at any time before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. The actual tax effect of such sales depends on the difference between the price at which such portfolio assets are sold and the tax basis in such assets of the Fund making the sale. Any capital gains recognized in these sales on a net basis, after
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reduction by any available capital losses, will be distributed to shareholders as capital gain dividends (to the extent of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses) and/or ordinary dividends (to the extent of net realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term capital losses) during or with respect to the year of sale, and such distributions will be taxable to shareholders. Each Reorganization will end the tax year of the applicable Selling Fund, and will therefore accelerate any distributions to shareholders from the Selling Fund for its short tax year ending on the date of the Reorganization. Those tax year-end distributions will be taxable and will include any undistributed capital gains resulting from portfolio turnover prior to the Reorganization.
More generally, prior to the closing of each Reorganization, the Selling Fund will, and the Buying Fund may, declare a distribution to shareholders, which, together with all previous distributions, will have the effect of distributing to shareholders all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), net tax-exempt income, if any, and net realized capital gains, if any, through the closing of the Reorganization, including any undistributed income or gains from prior years. These distributions will be taxable to shareholders, and such distributions by a Selling Fund will include any distributable, but undistributed, capital gains resulting from portfolio turnover prior to the Reorganization. If a shareholder holds shares of either Fund in a non-taxable account, distributions with respect to those shares will not be taxable to the shareholder if the amount distributed remains in the nontaxable account.
A Fund’s ability to carry forward capital losses and to use them to offset future gains may be limited as a result of the Reorganization. First, a Fund’s “pre-acquisition losses” (including capital loss carryforwards, net current-year capital losses, and unrealized losses that exceed certain thresholds) may become unavailable to offset gains of the combined Fund to the extent such pre-acquisition losses exceed an annual limitation amount. Second, one Fund’s pre-acquisition losses cannot be used to offset gains in another Fund that are “built in” (unrealized) at the time of the Reorganization and that exceed certain thresholds (“non-de minimis built-in gains”) for five tax years. Third, a Selling Fund’s loss carryforwards, as limited under the previous two rules, are permitted to offset only that portion of the gains of the Buying Fund for the taxable year of the Reorganization that is equal to the portion of the Buying Fund’s taxable year that follows the date of the Reorganization (prorated according to number of days). Therefore, in certain circumstances, shareholders of a Fund may pay taxes sooner, or pay more taxes, than they would have had the Reorganization not occurred.
In addition, the combined Fund will have tax attributes that reflect a blending of the tax attributes of each Fund at the time of the Reorganizations (including as affected by the rules described above). Therefore, the shareholders of the Selling Fund will in each case receive a proportionate share of any “built-in” (unrealized) gains in the combined Fund’s assets, as well as any taxable income or gains realized by the Buying Fund but not distributed to its shareholders prior to the Reorganization, when such income or gains are eventually distributed by the Buying Fund. As a result, shareholders of a Selling Fund may receive a greater amount of taxable distributions than they would have had the Reorganizations not occurred. In addition, any pre-acquisition losses of the Selling Fund (whether realized or unrealized) remaining after the operation of the limitation rules described above will become available to offset capital gains realized by the combined Fund after the Reorganizations and thus may reduce subsequent capital gain distributions to a broader group of shareholders than would have been the case absent such Reorganizations, such that the benefit of those losses to Selling Fund shareholders may be further reduced relative to what the benefit would have been had the Reorganizations not occurred.
The effect of the rules described above will depend on the relative sizes of, and the losses and gains (both realized and unrealized) in, each Fund at the time of the Reorganizations and thus cannot be calculated precisely prior to the Reorganizations.
The realized and unrealized gains and losses of each Fund at the time of its Reorganization, and the occurrence of other Reorganizations involving the same Buying Fund, will determine the extent to which the combining Funds’ respective losses, both realized and unrealized, will be available to reduce gains realized by the combined Fund following the Reorganization, and consequently the extent to which the combined Fund may be required to distribute gains to its shareholders earlier or in greater amounts than would have been the case absent the Reorganization. The following paragraphs provide a brief summary of the tax effect of each of the Reorganizations assuming all Reorganizations in a particular proposal occurred on February 28, 2010. As noted above, the tax effect of a Reorganization depends on each Fund’s relative tax situation at the time of the Reorganization, which situation will be different than the tax situation on February 28, 2010 and cannot be calculated precisely prior to the Reorganization. Portfolio turnover in a Fund, market fluctuations, redemption activity or the nonoccurrence of one or more other Reorganizations into the same Buying Fund could cause the actual tax effect of the Reorganizations to differ substantially from that described below. For purposes of the following discussion, a Fund’s “net realized losses” consist of its capital loss carryforwards plus year-to-date net realized losses or net of year-to-date net realized gains, in each case as of February 28, 2010.
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Proposal 1. Reorganization of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund into Columbia Large Cap Index Fund
With respect to Proposal 1, if the Reorganization had occurred on February 28, 2010, the potential tax costs to the shareholders of both Funds due to the loss limitation rules and the blending of tax attributes would have been de minimis.
Proposal 2. Reorganization of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund into Columbia Small Cap Index Fund
As of February 28, 2010, the Selling Fund had net realized losses of approximately 11.3% of net assets, consisting of carryforward losses expiring in eight years, and unrealized net gains equal to about 3.0% of net assets. The Buying Fund had net realized losses of approximately 2.6% of net assets, consisting of carryforward losses expiring in eight years, and net unrealized gains equal to about 5.5% of net assets.
If the Reorganization occurred on February 28, 2010, Selling Fund would have been subject to an annual loss limitation. The loss limitation rules would have limited the combined Fund’s ability to use the net realized losses of the Selling Fund to offset gains recognized by the combined Fund. The limitation potentially could have resulted in earlier and larger taxable distributions, and therefore a greater tax cost to Selling Fund shareholders, than if the Reorganization had not occurred. Further, Buying Fund’s proportionately larger net unrealized gains, if and when realized after the Reorganization, would have been spread across the larger combined Fund, thereby increasing the potential tax cost to shareholders of Selling Fund and resulting in a potential tax benefit to Buying Fund shareholders.
Proposal 3. Reorganization of RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund
As of February 28, 2010, the Selling Fund had net realized losses of approximately 133.8% of net assets, consisting of year-to-date losses and carryforward losses expiring primarily in one to three years, and unrealized net gains equal to about 10.4% of net assets. The Buying Fund had net realized losses of approximately 4.2% of net assets, consisting of year-to-date losses and carryforward losses expiring in eight years, and net unrealized gains equal to about 9.6% of net assets.
If the Reorganization had occurred on February 28, 2010, the Buying Fund would have technically been subject to an annual loss limitation, but the limitation would have had no practical effect on the Buying Fund because its pre-Reorganization losses were roughly equal to the limitation amount. The Reorganization would have permitted the Buying Fund to spread its proportionately larger net unrealized gains, if and when realized after the Reorganization, across the larger combined Fund, and would have caused the Selling Fund to spread its proportionately larger net realized losses across the larger combined Fund, resulting in each case in a potential tax benefit to Buying Fund shareholders and a corresponding potential tax cost to Selling Fund shareholders.
Proposal 4. Reorganization of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund into Columbia Strategic Income Fund
With respect to Proposal 4, if the Reorganization had occurred on February 28, 2010, the potential tax costs to the shareholders of both Funds due to the loss limitation rules and the blending of tax attributes would have been de minimis.
The tax principles described above will apply in each case and are not expected to change prior to the Reorganizations. However, the results of their application and, at a minimum, the specific percentages noted above will change prior to each Reorganization because of market developments and volatility in the marketplace, any pre-Reorganization realignments or other sales of portfolio securities that have already occurred (including in connection with the Transaction) or that might occur and shareholder activity in the Funds, among other changes.
This description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganizations is made without regard to the particular facts and circumstances of any shareholder. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the Reorganization in light of their individual circumstances. Because the foregoing discussion relates only to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganizations, shareholders of a Selling Fund should also consult their tax advisors as to the state, local and foreign tax consequences, if any, of the Reorganizations.
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[[Reasons for the Proposed Reorganizations and Board Deliberations
Each Reorganization was reviewed by the Board of the Selling Fund involved therein, with the advice and assistance of Fund counsel and independent legal counsel to the Board. Each Selling Fund is overseen by the same Board (the “RiverSource Board”). At regular and special meetings of the RiverSource Board in May, June and August 2010, the RiverSource Board considered the Reorganization of each Selling Fund, as proposed by Columbia Management. In connection with those Board meetings, Columbia Management and its affiliates provided background materials, analyses and other information to the RiverSource Board regarding, among other things, the topics discussed below, including responses to specific requests by the Board, and responded to questions raised by the RiverSource Board at those meetings. The RiverSource Board also considered information provided in connection with various other proposals by Columbia Management to integrate the Funds advised by Columbia Management into a single fund family with greater uniformity, including proposals to standardize fees charged by Columbia Management and its affiliates, as well as other service providers, for services provided to similar funds.
After the RiverSource Board reviewed, evaluated and discussed the materials, analyses and information provided to it at its meetings that the RiverSource Board considered relevant to its deliberations, the RiverSource Board, including the independent Board members thereof (the “Independent Directors”), unanimously approved the Reorganization of each Selling Fund. The RiverSource Board, including the Independent Directors, also unanimously determined that participation by each Selling Fund in its Reorganization was in the best interests of each Selling Fund and that the interests of existing shareholders of each Selling Fund would not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization.
The general factors considered by the RiverSource Board in assessing and approving each applicable Reorganization included, among others, in no order of priority:
1. | various potential benefits of the Reorganization to the shareholders of the Selling Funds; |
2. | the Reorganization as part of Columbia Management’s overall commitment to streamline and to improve its fund offerings for the benefit of Fund shareholders; |
3. | the relative similarity of investment objectives, principal investment strategies and policies of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund and, in that connection, the anticipated continuity of investment for shareholders of each Selling Fund as it merges into its corresponding Buying Fund; |
4. | the estimated net operating expenses that shareholders of each class of shares of each Selling Fund are expected to experience as shareholders of the corresponding Buying Fund after the Reorganization relative to the operating expenses currently borne by such shareholders including that, on a net basis, such expenses generally are expected to decline (for RiverSource Balanced Fund, to increase) as a result of the Reorganization (including Columbia Management’s contractual agreement to limit the total operating expenses of the Buying Fund) (see “Fees and Expenses”); |
5. | the current assets of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund, and the anticipated combined pro forma assets of the Buying Fund after the Reorganization; |
6. | the portfolio management team expected to be responsible for the management of the combined fund and the historical performance of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund, recognizing that no assurances can be given that the Buying Fund will achieve any particular level of performance after the Reorganization; |
7. | the likelihood that each Selling Fund would achieve and/or maintain sufficient size to ensure its continued economic viability absent the Reorganization, the corresponding Buying Fund’s relative prospects for attracting additional assets after the Reorganization and potential economies of scale; |
8. | the anticipated tax-free nature of the exchange of shares in the Reorganization, and other expected U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization, including potential limitations on the Buying Fund’s use of the Funds’ pre-merger realized losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes after the Reorganization and the potential diminution of the Buying Fund’s ability to use those losses to offset future gains (see “Tax Status of the Reorganizations”); |
9. | the potential benefits of the Reorganization to Columbia Management and its affiliates; |
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10. | that shareholders of the Selling Funds will experience no material change in shareholder services as a result of the Reorganization; |
11. | any brokerage costs resulting from the Reorganization (e.g., each Selling Fund’s turnover associated with and resulting from the sale of any securities the corresponding Buying Fund does not wish to acquire); and |
12. | that the direct costs associated with the Reorganization will be borne by the Selling Funds only to the extent that Columbia Management anticipates a reduction in expenses to shareholders of the Selling Funds in the first year following the Reorganization. |
In their deliberations, the RiverSource Board did not identify any single factor that was paramount or controlling and individual Board members may have attributed different weights to various factors. The RiverSource Board also evaluated all information available to it on a Selling Fund-by-Selling Fund basis, and made determinations separately in respect of each Selling Fund. Certain of the factors considered by the RiverSource Board are discussed in more detail below.
STREAMLINED PRODUCT LINE
The RiverSource Board considered that the Reorganizations are intended, among other things, to streamline Columbia Management’s product offerings by reducing the number of funds in the Combined Fund Complex. Reducing the number of funds in the complex is intended to enhance the funds’ prospects for attracting additional assets by better differentiating the funds for potential shareholders (which should lend to a more concentrated selling effort).
TAX CONSEQUENCES
The RiverSource Board examined the relative tax situations of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund and the resulting tax impact of each proposed Reorganization to each Selling Fund’s shareholders. In that connection, as noted, the RiverSource Board considered the anticipated tax-free nature of the exchange of shares in the Reorganization, and other expected U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization. In particular, the RiverSource Board reviewed a detailed analysis of the potential limitations on the use of RiverSource Balanced Fund’s pre-merger realized losses by its corresponding Buying Fund for U.S. federal income tax purposes after the Reorganization and the potential diminution of the Buying Fund’s ability to use those losses to offset future gains. The Board also took into account information from management showing that the Buying Fund should realize, over the course of time, economic benefits from the Reorganization that should exceed the potential tax cost to Selling Fund shareholders (see “Tax Status of the Reorganizations”).
CONTINUITY OF INVESTMENT
The RiverSource Board took into account the fact that each applicable Selling Fund and its corresponding Buying Fund have similar investment objectives and principal investment strategies. Specifically, the RiverSource Board noted the following with respect to each Reorganization:
Proposal 1
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund into Columbia Large Cap Index Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation while the Buying Fund seeks total return before fees and expenses that correspond to the total return of the S&P 500® Index. The RiverSource Board also noted the commonality in the Funds’ investment strategy in that both Funds invest at least 80% of their net assets in common stocks that are contained in the S&P 500® Index and attempt to achieve at least 95% correlation between the performance of the S&P 500® Index and the Fund’s investment results, before fees and expenses. It was also observed that the Funds share a common portfolio management team.
Proposal 2
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund into Columbia Small Cap Index Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that RiverSource Small Company Index Fund seeks to provide shareholders with long-term capital appreciation as a primary objective while the Buying Fund seeks total return before fees and expenses that corresponds to the total return of the S&P SmallCap 600® Index. The RiverSource Board also noted the commonality in the Funds’ investment strategy in that both Funds invest at least 80% of their net assets in common stocks that comprise the S&P SmallCap 600® Index and each Fund attempts to achieve at least 95% correlation between the performance of the S&P SmallCap 600® Index and the Fund’s investment results, before fees and expenses. It was also observed that both Funds are currently managed in a substantially similar manner.
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Proposal 3
RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that RiverSource Balanced Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a balance of growth of capital and current income as its primary investment objective, while the Buying Fund seeks high total return by investing in common stocks and debt securities. The RiverSource Board also noted the commonality in the Funds’ investment strategy in that both Funds invest in a combination of equity and debt securities. The RiverSource Board did take into account that although RiverSource Balanced Fund normally invests at least 40% of its net assets in common stocks and invests no less than 25% of its total assets in debt securities, the Buying Fund is not subject to a similar requirement and typically invests between 35% and 65% of its net assets in each asset class.
Proposal 4
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund into Columbia Strategic Income Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a high level of current income with capital growth as a secondary objective while the Buying Fund seeks total return, consisting of current income and capital appreciation. The RiverSource Board also noted the commonality in the Funds’ investment strategy in that both Funds invest primarily in debt securities, including but not limited to government bonds, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, international bonds, and low and below investment grade securities. The RiverSource Board further noted that RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in equities. It was also observed that both Funds are currently managed in a substantially similar manner (and share a common portfolio management team).
EXPENSE RATIO. The RiverSource Board took into account the fact that the total operating expense ratio of each applicable Selling Fund is generally expected to decrease following its Reorganization. For RiverSource Balanced Fund, the RiverSource Board considered that, based on estimated operating expense ratios, shareholders of each class of RiverSource Balanced Fund are expected to bear total operating expenses (after taking into account any applicable expense caps) after the Reorganization that are somewhat higher than the current total operating expenses of that Fund. The RiverSource Board observed though that if the effect of the fee rationalization proposals was not reflected in the Buying Fund’s expense ratio, RiverSource Balanced Fund’s shareholders would be merging into a Buying Fund with a lower expense ratio. Furthermore, the RiverSource Board recognized that had the Reorganization not been proposed, RiverSource Balanced Fund would be subject to identical fee rationalization proposals which would result in its ratio being approximately the same as that of the Buying Fund.
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance record of each Selling Fund and each corresponding Buying Fund, noting, however, that past performance is no guarantee of future results. Specifically, the RiverSource Board noted the following with respect to each Reorganization:
Proposal 1
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund into Columbia Large Cap Index Fund. [The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund’s performance was better for the [—] period, but the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the [—] period, and that the Buying Fund received a better rating for [—] periods from an independent information provider.]
Proposal 2
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund into Columbia Small Cap Index Fund. [The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which RiverSource Small Company Index Fund’s performance was better for the [—] period, but the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the [—] period, and that the Buying Fund received a better rating for [—] periods from an independent information provider.]
Proposal 3
RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which RiverSource Balanced Fund’s performance was better for the one-year period, but the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the three- and five-year periods.
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Proposal 4
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund into Columbia Strategic Income Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund’s performance was the same for the one-year period, but the Buying Fund’s performance was better since its inception (May 17, 2007). It was also observed that both Funds currently share a common portfolio management team.
ECONOMIES OF SCALE.
The RiverSource Board observed that, in addition to the potential to realize immediate economies associated with consolidating a smaller Selling Fund into a larger combined Fund, such as the elimination of duplicative costs, the combined funds may be able to take advantage of other economies of scale associated with larger funds. For example, a larger fund may benefit more quickly from pre-established “breakpoints” in investment management services fees that are triggered as the fund’s net asset level increases, may have an enhanced ability to effect portfolio transactions on favorable terms and may have greater investment flexibility. Furthermore, the RiverSource Board observed that the combined fixed expenses of the larger combined Fund, such as audit and accounting expenses, could be reduced as they are spread across a larger asset base. The RiverSource Board also considered the potential benefits and economies of scale to Columbia Management resulting from the Reorganizations and whether those benefits were shared with Fund shareholders. The RiverSource Board also considered Columbia Management’s belief that each Buying Fund would be better positioned to experience growth in assets from investor inflows than each Selling Fund.
Board Recommendation and Required Vote
The RiverSource Board recommends that shareholders of each Selling Fund approve the proposed Agreement. For each Selling Fund, the Agreement must be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote. A vote to approve the proposed Agreement also will constitute a vote to dissolve the applicable Selling Fund (which requires the same shareholder vote) and a vote to amend the articles of incorporation of the corporation of which the Selling Fund is a series to provide that the Selling Fund be acquired by the corresponding Buying Fund (which requires the vote of the greater of (i) a majority of the voting power of such Selling Fund’s shares present and entitled to vote thereon or (ii) a majority of the voting power of the minimum number of such shares entitled to vote that would constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Meeting).
If the Agreement is not approved for a Selling Fund, the RiverSource Board will consider what further action should be taken with respect to the particular Selling Fund. The approval of the Reorganization of one Selling Fund is not conditioned upon the approval of the Reorganization of any other Selling Fund.
If shareholders approve the Reorganization of a Selling Fund, it is anticipated that the Reorganization would occur before the end of the second quarter of 2011.]]
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Proposal 5 – Election of Directors
(RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund and RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (each a “Board Election Fund”) only)
On May 1, 2010, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management, the Board Election Funds’ investment manager, acquired the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, LLC and certain of its affiliated companies from Bank of America, N.A. (the “Transaction”). In connection with the Transaction, Columbia Management became the investment manager of the Columbia-branded funds (the “Columbia Fund Complex”), in addition to the funds then branded as RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds (the “RiverSource Fund Complex,” and together with the Columbia Fund Complex, the “Combined Fund Complex”).
Following the Transaction, the board of directors of the Columbia RiverSource Fund Complex (collectively, the “Columbia RiverSource Board”) and the board of trustees of the Columbia Fund Complex had ongoing discussions regarding a potential consolidated board of directors/trustees to oversee all or a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. In September 2010, these discussions culminated in an agreement between the Columbia RiverSource Board and the current Columbia Nations Board to have a consolidated board of directors/trustees for a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. Specifically, it was agreed that the RiverSource Fund Complex and the portion of the Columbia Fund Complex overseen by the Columbia Nations Board should be overseen by a consolidated board of directors/trustees. In this regard, the Columbia Nations Board and Columbia RiverSource Board each determined that the consolidation would enhance the oversight of a larger fund family and should achieve cost efficiencies for fund shareholders.
Each Board Election Fund is a series of a corporation (a “Company”). In order to effect the consolidation, at joint meetings held on September 20, 2010, the Board Governance Committee of the Columbia RiverSource Board recommended the nomination of the Non-Interested Nominees (defined below) and the Interested Nominees (defined below) to the Columbia RiverSource Board. In addition, at joint meetings held on September 20, 2010, the Columbia RiverSource Board, including a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of such Columbia RiverSource Board (each, a “Non-Interested Director” and collectively, the “Non-Interested Directors”), unanimously accepted and endorsed these nominations, nominated the Non-Interested Nominees and Interested Nominees and voted to present each Nominee to shareholders for election as directors/trustees. The Columbia RiverSource Board currently has no reason to believe that any Nominee will become unavailable for election as a director/trustee, but if such unavailability should occur before the Meeting, the proxies will be voted for such other individuals as the Board Governance Committee of the Columbia RiverSource Board and the full Columbia RiverSource Board may designate.
A Nominee is deemed to be “non-interested” to the extent the Nominee is not an “interested person,” as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, of the Companies (each, a “Non-Interested Nominee” and collectively, the “Non-Interested Nominees”). The Non-Interested Nominees are: Kathleen Blatz, Edward J. Boudreau, Jr., Pamela G. Carlton, William P. Carmichael, Patricia M. Flynn, William A. Hawkins, R. Glenn Hilliard, Stephen R. Lewis, Jr., John F. Maher, John J. Nagorniak, Catherine James Paglia, Leroy C. Richie, Alison Taunton-Rigby and Minor M. Shaw.
Anthony M. Santomero and William F. Truscott (each, an “Interested Nominee” and collectively, the “Interested Nominees”) are or would be treated as “interested persons” of the Companies. Although Mr. Santomero is “independent” of Columbia Management and its affiliates, in that he is not a director, officer or employee thereof, the Companies treat William F. Truscott as an “interested person” of the Companies (an “Interested Director/Trustee”) because he currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Columbia Management (and was previously the President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management from 2001-2010) and as a senior executive of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management, in which he is also a stockholder. The Companies would treat Anthony M. Santomero as an “interested person” of the Companies because he serves as a director of Citigroup, Inc. and Citigroup, N.A., which may engage from time to time in brokerage execution, principal transactions and/or lending relationships with the Funds or other funds or accounts advised/managed by Columbia Management and/or a Fund’s subadviser. However, Mr. Santomero is not a director, officer or employee of Columbia Management or any of its affiliates.
If the Nominees are elected by shareholders, at least 75% of the Columbia RiverSource Board’s directors will continue to be Non-Interested Directors/Trustees. The Nominees would serve as directors/trustees in accordance with the organizational documents
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of the Companies. Each director/trustee would serve for an indefinite term. A director/trustee’s term may terminate by the election of his or her successor, by the termination or dissolution of the Company, or by his or her death, resignation, removal, retirement or incapacity. A director/trustee may no longer serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board after the first board meeting after he or she reaches the mandatory retirement age established by the Columbia RiverSource Board or after the 15th anniversary of the first Columbia RiverSource Board or Columbia Nations Board meeting he or she attended as a director/trustee.
Information Regarding the Non-Interested Nominees
Background information regarding each of the Non-Interested Nominees follows.
Name, Address and Age | Position(s) | Term of Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Nominee | |||||
Kathleen Blatz c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age [56] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 1/11/06 | Chief Justice, Minnesota Supreme Court, 1998-2006; Attorney | [193] | None | |||||
Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [66] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Managing Director – E.J. Boudreau & Associates (consulting), from 2000 through current | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds) | |||||
Pamela G. Carlton c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 56 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/11/07 | President, Springboard-Partners in Cross Cultural Leadership (consulting company) | [193] | None | |||||
William P. Carmichael c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [67] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Retired | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Cobra Electronics Corporation (electronic equipment manufacturer); Simmons Company (bedding); The Finish Line (sportswear) | |||||
Patricia M. Flynn c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 59 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/1/04 | Trustee Professor of Economics and Management, Bentley University; former Dean, McCallum Graduate School of Business, Bentley University | [193] | None | |||||
William A. Hawkins c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [68] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | President and Chief Executive Officer – California Bank, N.A., from January 2008 through current | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds) |
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Name, Address and Age | Position(s) | Term of Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Nominee | |||||
R. Glenn Hilliard c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [67] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer – Hilliard Group LLC (investing and consulting), from April 2003 through current; Non-Executive Director & Chairman – Conseco, Inc. (insurance), September 2003 through current; Executive Chairman – Conseco, Inc. (insurance), August 2004 through September 2005 | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Conseco, Inc. (insurance) | |||||
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 71 | Director/ Trustee and Chairman of the Board | Indefinite term; Chairman of the Board since 1/1/07 and Director/Trustee since 1/1/02 | President Emeritus and Professor of Economics, Carleton College | [193] | Valmont Industries, Inc. (manufactures irrigation systems) | |||||
John F. Maher c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 67 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/7/08 | Retired President and Chief Executive Officer and former Director, Great Western Financial Corporation (financial services), 1986-1997 | [193] | None | |||||
John J. Nagorniak c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [66] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Retired; President and Director – Foxstone Financial, Inc. (consulting), 2000 through December 2007; Director – Mellon Financial Corporation affiliates (investing), 2000 through 2007; Chairman – Franklin Portfolio Associates (investing – Mellon affiliate) 1982 through 2007 | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Research Foundation of CFA Institute; Director – MIT Investment Company; Trustee – MIT 401k Plan | |||||
Catherine James Paglia c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 58 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; 11/1/04 | Director, Enterprise Asset Management, Inc. (private real estate and asset management company) | [193] | None | |||||
Leroy C. Richie c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 69 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/7/08 | Counsel, Lewis & Munday, P.C. since 2004; former Vice President and General Counsel, Automotive Legal Affairs, Chrysler Corporation (automotive) | [193] | Digital Ally, Inc. (digital imaging); Infinity, Inc. (oil and gas exploration and production); OGE Energy Corp. (energy and energy services) | |||||
Minor M. Shaw c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [63] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | President – Micco Corporation [(real estate development)] and Mickel Investment Group | [193] | Piedmont Natural Gas |
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Name, Address and Age | Position(s) | Term of Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Nominee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Alison Taunton-Rigby c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 66 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/13/02 | Chief Executive Officer and Director, RiboNovix, Inc. since 2003 (biotechnology); former President, Aquila Biopharmaceuticals | [193] | Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (biotechnology); Healthways, Inc. |
(1) | If elected to serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board, the Non-Interested Nominee would oversee [141] funds of the RiverSource Fund Complex. If the Non-Interested Nominee also serves, or is elected to serve, on the Columbia Nations Board, then the Non-Interested Nominee would oversee [52] funds of the Columbia Fund Complex, for a total of [193] funds across the Combined Fund Complex. The number of funds overseen by each Non-Interested Nominee would be reduced substantially if those board-approved mergers are approved by shareholders of certain funds in the Combined Fund Complex. |
Information Regarding the Interested Nominees
Background information regarding each of the Interested Nominees follows.
Name, Address and Age | Position(s) | Term of Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships | |||||
Anthony M. Santomero(2) c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 Age [64] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Richard K. Mellon Professor Emeritus of Finance, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, from 1972 through current; Senior Advisor – McKinsey & Company (consulting), July 2006 through January 2008; President and Chief Executive Officer – Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, July 2000 through April 2006 | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Renaissance Reinsurance Ltd.; Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company; Citigroup, Inc.; Citibank, N.A. |
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William F. Truscott(3) 53600 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 Age 50 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/7/01 | Chairman of the Board, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly RiverSource Investments, LLC) since May 2010 (previously President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer, 2001-April 2010); Senior Vice president, Atlantic Funds, Columbia Funds and Nations Funds since May 2010; Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Asset Management & President – Annuities, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously President – U.S. Asset Management and Chief Investment Officer, 2005-April 2010 and Senior Vice President – Chief Investment Officer, 2001-2005); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2006; Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.) since May 2010 (previously Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, 2008-April 2010); Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006 | [193] | None |
(1) | If elected to serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board, the Interested Nominee would oversee [141] funds of the RiverSource Fund Complex. If the Interested Nominee also serves, or is elected to serve, on the Columbia Nations Board, then the Interested Nominee would oversee [52] funds of the Columbia Fund Complex, for a total of [193] funds across the Combined Fund Complex. The number of funds overseen by each Interested Nominee would be reduced substantially if certain board-approved mergers are approved by shareholders of those funds in the Combined Fund Complex. |
(2) | The Companies would treat Anthony M. Santomero as an “interested person” of the Companies for the reasons set forth above. |
(3) | William F. Truscott is an “interested person” of the Companies for the reasons set forth above. |
Nominees’ Beneficial Ownership of Shares of Each Board Election Fund
Exhibit G of this combined proxy statement/prospectus provides information, as of September 30, 2010 (unless otherwise indicated), about the beneficial ownership by the Nominees of shares of each Fund.
Kathleen Blatz, Arne H. Carlson, Pamela G. Carlton, Patricia M. Flynn, Anne P. Jones, Jeffrey Laikind, Stephen R. Lewis, Jr., John F. Maher, Catherine James Paglia, Leroy C. Richie, Alison Taunton-Rigby and William F. Truscott currently comprise the entire Columbia RiverSource Board. Due to the mandatory retirement age described above, Ms. Jones and Messrs. Carlson and Laikind have not been re-nominated to serve as directors/trustees to the Columbia RiverSource Boards. The Columbia RiverSource Boards met on [—] occasions during the fiscal year ended [—]. Information about directors of the Columbia RiverSource Board who are also Nominees is set forth under “Information Regarding the Non-Interested Nominees” and “Information Regarding the Interested Nominees” above.
Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight
[The Columbia RiverSource Board oversees management of the Companies and the Board Election Funds. The Columbia RiverSource Board has a duty to act in the best interest of shareholders when supervising and overseeing the management and
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operations of the Companies. The Columbia RiverSource Board currently consists of twelve directors who have extensive and varied experience and skills. Eleven of the directors are Non-Interested Directors. Information about the background and qualifications of each of the directors can be found in the sections titled “Information Regarding the Non-Interested Nominees” and “Information Regarding the Interested Nominees” above.]
[The Columbia RiverSource Board has appointed William P. Carmichael, a Non-Interested Director, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman actively participates in the development of the agendas for meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Board, presides at meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Board and acts as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other directors/trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Columbia RiverSource Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Companies’ governing documents, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Non-Interested Director any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Columbia RiverSource Board generally.] [The Nominees have agreed, if all of the Nominees are elected by the shareholders of the Company of which they are a series, to appoint Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. as Chairman subsequent to the Meeting.]
[The Columbia RiverSource Board has several standing committees (the “Committees”) which are an integral part of the Board Election Funds’ overall governance and risk management oversight structure. The standing Committees are the Board Governance Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Contracts Committee, the Distribution Committee, the Executive Committee, the Investment Review Committee and the Audit Committee. The roles of each Committee are more fully described in the section titled “Current Committees of the Columbia RiverSource Board” below.]
[The Board Election Funds have retained Columbia Management as the Funds’ investment manager and administrator. Columbia Management provides the Board Election Funds with investment advisory services, and is responsible for day-to-day management and administration of the Board Election Funds and management of the risks that arise from the Board Election Funds’ investments and operations. The Columbia RiverSource Board is responsible for overseeing Columbia Management and other service providers in the operation of the Companies, including with respect to risk management functions. The Board Election Funds and the Companies are subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, and valuation risks, among others. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of Columbia Management, the Board Election Funds’ subadvisers and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), who carry out the Board Election Funds’ investment management and business affairs. Each of Columbia Management, the Board Election Funds’ subadvisers and other service providers has their own, Non-Interested interest in risk management, and their policies and methods of carrying out risk management functions will depend, in part, on their analysis of the risks, functions and business models.]
[Risk oversight forms part of the Columbia RiverSource Board’s general oversight of the Board Election Funds and the Companies and is addressed as part of various activities of the Columbia RiverSource Board and Committees. The Columbia RiverSource Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Board Election Funds or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or even mitigate their occurrence or effects. As part of its regular oversight of the Companies, the Columbia RiverSource Board, directly and through one or more Committees, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Columbia Management, the Board Election Funds’ subadvisers, the Non-Interested registered public accounting firm for the Board Election Funds, and internal auditors for Columbia Management or its affiliates, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Board Election Funds and relevant risk functions. The Columbia RiverSource Board and the Audit Committee of each Board Election Fund also meet periodically with the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer to receive reports regarding the compliance of the Fund and their principal service providers with the U.S. federal securities laws and their internal compliance policies and procedures. The Columbia RiverSource Board and its Audit Committee has oversight responsibilities with respect to the compliance program of the Board Election Funds and certain of their service providers, and also receive periodic and annual reports from the Board Election Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, as required under applicable regulations. The Columbia RiverSource Board, with the assistance of the Investment Committee, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of each Board Election Fund’s performance, and meets periodically with the portfolio managers of each Board Election Fund to receive reports regarding the management of the Funds, including each Board Election Fund’s investment risks. In addition, as part of the Columbia RiverSource Board’s periodic review of the Board Election Funds’ advisory, subadvisory and other service provider agreements, such Columbia RiverSource Board may consider risk management aspects of their operations and the functions for which they are responsible.]
[The Non-Interested Directors have engaged Non-Interested legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities. The Columbia RiverSource Board reviews its leadership structure periodically and believes that its structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and non-Interested judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among Committees of directors and the full Columbia RiverSource Board in a manner that enhances
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effective oversight. In particular, the Columbia RiverSource Board believes that having a Non-Interested Director serve as the chair of the Columbia RiverSource Board and of each Committee promotes independence from Columbia Management in developing agendas and conducting meetings. The Columbia RiverSource Board believes that their Committee structure makes the oversight process more efficient and more effective by allowing smaller groups of directors/trustees to bring increased focus to matters within the purview of each Committee. The leadership structure of the Columbia RiverSource Board, including the manner in which it conducts its risk oversight role, may be changed, at any time and in the discretion of the Columbia RiverSource Board, including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Companies. In this regard, it may be changed in certain respects as the Columbia RiverSource Board consolidates with the Columbia Nations Board and consider enhancing and reconciling various practices that have historically been different.
Current Committees of the Columbia RiverSource Board
The Columbia RiverSource Board has organized the following standing Committees to facilitate its work: the Board Governance Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Contracts Committee, the Distribution Committee, the Executive Committee, the Investment Review Committee and the Audit Committee. These Committees are comprised solely of Non-Interested Directors. The duties of these Committees are described below.
Mr. Lewis, as Chair of the Columbia RiverSource Board, acts as a point of contact between the Non-Interested Directors and Columbia Management between Columbia RiverSource Board meetings in respect of general matters.
Board Governance Committee
[The Board Governance Committee recommends to the Columbia RiverSource Board the size, structure and composition of the Columbia RiverSource Board and its Committees, the compensation to be paid to members of the Columbia RiverSource Board and a process for evaluating the Columbia RiverSource Board’s performance. The Board Governance Committee also reviews candidates for Columbia RiverSource Board membership including candidates recommended by shareholders. The Board Governance Committee also makes recommendations to the Columbia RiverSource Board regarding responsibilities and duties of the Columbia RiverSource Board, oversees proxy voting and supports the work of the Board Chair in relation to furthering the interests of the Board Election Funds and their shareholders on external matters.]
[To be considered as a candidate for director/trustee, recommendations must include a curriculum vitae and be mailed to the Chair of the Board, 901 Marquette Avenue South, Suite 2810, Minneapolis, MN 55402-3268. To be timely for consideration by the Board Governance Committee, the submission, including all required information, must be submitted in writing not less than 120 days before the date of the proxy statement for the previous year’s annual meeting of shareholders, if such a meeting is held. The Board Governance Committee will consider only one candidate submitted by such a shareholder or group for nomination for election at a meeting of shareholders. The Board Governance Committee will not consider self-nominated candidates or candidates nominated by members of a candidate’s family, including such candidate’s spouse, children, parents, uncles, aunts, grandparents, nieces and nephews.]
[The Board Governance Committee will consider and evaluate candidates submitted by the nominating shareholder or group on the basis of the same criteria as those used to consider and evaluate candidates submitted from other sources. The Board Governance Committee may take into account a wide variety of factors in considering director candidates, including (but not limited to): (i) the candidate’s knowledge in matters relating to the investment company industry; (ii) any experience possessed by the candidate as a director or senior officer of other public or private companies; (iii) the candidate’s educational background; (iv) the candidate’s reputation for high ethical standards and personal and professional integrity; (v) any specific financial, technical or other expertise possessed by the candidate, and the extent to which such expertise would complement the Columbia RiverSource Board’s existing mix of skills and qualifications; (vi) the candidate’s perceived ability to contribute to the ongoing functions of the Columbia RiverSource Board, including the candidate’s ability and commitment to attend meetings regularly, work collaboratively with other members of the Columbia RiverSource Board and carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the fund; (vii) the candidate’s ability to qualify as an Non-Interested director; and (viii) such other criteria as the Board Governance Committee determines to be relevant in light of the existing composition of the Columbia RiverSource Board and any anticipated vacancies or other factors.]
[Members of the Board Governance Committee (and/or the Columbia RiverSource Board) also [generally] meet personally with each nominee to evaluate the candidate’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Columbia RiverSource Board, while also exercising non-Interested judgment. Although the Columbia RiverSource Board does not have a formal diversity policy, the Columbia RiverSource Board endeavors to comprise itself of members with a broad mix of professional and personal backgrounds. Thus, the Board Governance Committee and the Columbia RiverSource Board accorded particular weight to the individual professional background of each Non-Interested Director.]
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With respect to the directorship of Mr. Truscott, who is an Interested Nominee, the Board Governance Committee of each Columbia RiverSource Board, and the full Columbia RiverSource Board, have concluded that having a senior executive of the investment manager serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board can facilitate the Non-Interested Directors’ increased access to information regarding Columbia Management, which is the Companies’ most significant service provider.
Compliance Committee
The Compliance Committee supports the Board Election Funds’ maintenance of a strong compliance program by: providing a forum for Non-Interested Directors to consider compliance matters impacting the Board Election Funds or their key service providers; developing and implementing, in coordination with the Board Election Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), a process for the review and consideration of compliance reports that are provided to the Columbia RiverSource Board; and providing a designated forum for the Board Election Funds’ CCO to meet with Non-Interested Directors on a regular basis to discuss compliance matters.
Contracts Committee
The Contracts Committee reviews and oversees the contractual relationships with service providers. The Contracts Committee receives and analyzes reports covering the level and quality of services provided under contracts with the Board Election Fund and advises the Columbia RiverSource Board regarding actions taken on these contracts during the annual review process.
Distribution Committee
The Distribution Committee reviews and supports product development, marketing, sales activity and practices related to the Board Election Funds and will report to the Columbia RiverSource Board as appropriate.
Executive Committee
The Executive Committee acts for the Columbia RiverSource Board between meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Board.
Investment Review Committee
The Investment Review Committee reviews and oversees the management of each Board Election Funds’ assets. The Investment Review Committee considers investment management policies and strategies, investment performance, risk management techniques, and securities trading practices and reports areas of concern to the Columbia RiverSource Board.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Board Election Funds and internal controls over financial reporting. The Audit Committee oversees the quality and integrity of the Board Election Funds’ financial statements and Non-Interested audits as well as the Funds’ compliance with legal and regulatory requirements relating to the Funds’ accounting and financial reporting, internal controls over financial reporting and Non-Interested audits. The Audit Committee also makes recommendations regarding the selection of the Board Election Funds’ Non-Interested registered public accounting firm and reviews and evaluates the qualifications, independence and performance of the Non-Interested registered public accounting firm.
The Audit Committee oversees the Board Election Funds’ risks by, among other things, meeting with the Funds’ internal auditors, establishing procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns about accounting or audit matters, and overseeing the Funds’ Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Committee Meetings
The following table shows the number of times the Committees met during each Board Election Fund’s most recent fiscal period. The table is organized by fiscal-year end.
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Fiscal Period | Board Governance | Compliance | Contracts | Distribution | Executive | Investment Review | Audit | |||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending January 31 • RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund • RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 6 | |||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending September 30 • RiverSource Balanced Fund • RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 |
[The Companies’ Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws do not set forth any specific qualifications to serve as a director. The charter of the Board Governance Committee also does not set forth any specific qualifications, but does set forth certain factors that the Board Governance Committee may take into account in considering director candidates. The Board Governance Committee charter is attached as Exhibit H to this combined proxy statement/prospectus.
[The Board Governance Committee does not have a formal process for identifying and evaluating nominees, including nominees recommended by shareholders. Instead, the Board Governance Committee follows the process it deems appropriate under the circumstances. The attributes or skills the Board Governance Committee may take into account in considering director/trustee candidates include: (i) the candidate’s knowledge in matters relating to the investment company industry; (ii) any experience possessed by the candidate as a director or senior officer of other public or private companies; (iii) the candidate’s educational background; (iv) the candidate’s reputation for high ethical standards and personal and professional integrity; (v) any specific financial, technical or other expertise possessed by the candidate, and the extent to which such expertise would complement the Columbia RiverSource Board’s existing mix of skills and qualifications; (vi) the candidate’s perceived ability to contribute to the ongoing functions of the Board, including the candidate’s ability and commitment to attend meetings regularly, work collaboratively with other members of the Board and carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the fund; (vii) the candidate’s ability to qualify as a Non-Interested director; and (viii) such other criteria as the committee determines to be relevant in light of the existing composition of the Board and any anticipated vacancies or other factors. Members of the committee (and/or the Board) also meet personally with each nominee to evaluate the candidate’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board, while also exercising Non-Interested judgment.]
The following is a summary of the particular professional and other experience of each Nominee that qualifies such Nominee to serve as a director of the Companies as of the date of this combined proxy statement/prospectus:
Kathleen Blatz. Ms. Blatz has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2006. Ms. Blatz has ten years of judicial experience and substantial other legal and government experience. Ms. Blatz served as an associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1996 to 1998 and as Chief Justice of the court from 1998 to 2006. Ms. Blatz served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1979 to 1994.
Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. Mr. Boudreau has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2005. In addition, he has over thirty years of business and consulting experience, primarily in the financial services industry, including as the chief executive of a mutual fund management company.
Pamela G. Carlton. Ms. Carlton has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2007. Ms. Carlton has significant experience in consulting and in investments, having served as a Managing Director in U.S. Equity Research at J.P. Morgan Chase.
William P. Carmichael. Mr. Carmichael has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 1999, and has served as Chairman of the Columbia Nations Board and of the boards of the other trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2003. Mr. Carmichael served in various senior financial and directorship positions with global consumer products companies. Mr. Carmichael is a certified public accountant and a licensed attorney.
Patricia M. Flynn. Ms. Flynn has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2004. Ms. Flynn currently serves as Trustee Professor of Economics and Management of Bentley University, and was the former dean of a graduate school of business.
William A. Hawkins. Mr. Hawkins has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2005. He currently serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of California General Bank and has over thirty years of executive level experience in the banking industry. Mr. Hawkins is a certified financial planner and a chartered property and casualty underwriter, as well as holding series 7, 24 and 63 licenses from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
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R. Glenn Hilliard. Mr. Hilliard has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2005. Mr. Hilliard is currently the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Hilliard Group, LLC. Mr. Hilliard has over five years executive level experience in the insurance industry. Mr. Hilliard has served on the board of directors and as non-executive chairman of Conseco, Inc. for a number of years. Mr. Hilliard is also a licensed attorney.
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. Mr. Lewis has been the Chairman of the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2007 and a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2002. From 1987 to 2002, Mr. Lewis served as President of Carleton College, after which he continued to serve as President Emeritus and Professor Emeritus of Economics. Mr. Lewis has more than thirty years experience in Asia and Africa, primarily advising governments on economic policy and negotiations of foreign investment and financing agreements. Mr. Lewis is also a director of Valmont Industries, Inc.
John F. Maher. Mr. Maher has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2008. Mr. Maher has extensive experience in the financial services industry, and was formerly President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Great Western Financial Corporation.
John J. Nagorniak. Mr. Nagorniak has been a trustee of the trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2008. Mr. Nagorniak has served in executive level and director positions for over twenty-five years. He is a chartered financial analyst and is currently a trustee of the Research Foundation of the CFA Institute.
Catherine James Paglia. Ms. Paglia has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2004. Ms. Paglia has extensive experience in the asset management industry, and currently serves as a director of Enterprise Asset Management, Inc., a private real estate and asset management company.
Leroy C. Richie. Mr. Richie has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2008. Mr. Richie has over twenty years of legal experience, including, currently, as Counsel at Lewis & Munday, P.C., and formerly served as Vice President and General Counsel, Automotive Legal Affairs, of Chrysler Corporation from 1990 to 1997.
Anthony M. Santomero. Dr. Santomero has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2008. Dr. Santomero has over thirty years of experience as a professor of finance and private consultant specializing in issues including risk management, financial restructuring, credit risk evaluation and management, and regulation. He has served as consultant to financial institutions and agencies in the U.S. and various countries in the European Union and the European Community itself, as well as institutions in various countries around the world. Additionally, Dr. Santomero has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
Minor M. Shaw. Ms. Shaw has served as a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2003. Ms. Shaw is the President of certain private companies and is a member of the board of Piedmont Natural Gas and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of South Carolina. Ms. Shaw also serves as an active member on the boards of numerous educational and public service organizations.
Alison Taunton-Rigby. Ms. Taunton-Rigby has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2002. Ms. Taunton-Rigby has been the Chief Executive Officer and a director of RiboNovix, Inc. since 2003. She also formerly served as the President of Aquila Biopharmaceuticals.
William F. Truscott. Mr. Truscott has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2001. Mr. Truscott has over nine years of experience as President and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management, and currently serves as Chairman of the board of Columbia Management. Mr. Truscott is also an executive officer of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management.
Procedures for Communications to the Columbia RiverSource Board
Shareholders who want to communicate with the Columbia RiverSource Board or an individual director should send written communications to 901 S. Marquette Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55402, addressed to the Columbia RiverSource Board or the individual director. The Secretary of the applicable Company may determine not to forward to the Columbia RiverSource Board or individual directors/trustees any letter that does not relate to the business of a Fund.
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Executive Officers of the Companies
Information about the executive officers of each Company is included in Exhibit E of this combined proxy statement/prospectus.
Remuneration for Directors and Officers
The Non-Interested Directors determine the amount of compensation that they receive, including the amount paid to the Chair of the Columbia RiverSource Board. In determining compensation for the Non-Interested Directors, the Non-Interested Directors take into account a variety of factors including, among other things, their collective significant work experience (e.g., in business and finance, government or academia). The Non-Interested Directors also recognize that these individuals’ advice and counsel are in demand by other organizations, that these individuals may reject other opportunities because of the time demands of their duties as Non-Interested Directors, and that they undertake significant legal responsibilities. The Non-Interested Directors also consider the compensation paid to Non-Interested board members of other mutual fund complexes of comparable size. In determining the compensation paid to the Chair, the Non-Interested Directors take into account, among other things, the Chair’s significant additional responsibilities (e.g., setting the agenda for Columbia RiverSource Board meetings, communicating or meeting regularly with the Funds’ CCO, counsel to the Non-Interested Directors, and the Funds’ service providers) which result in a significantly greater time commitment required of the Columbia RiverSource Board Chair. The Chair’s compensation, therefore, has generally been set at a level between 2.5 and 3 times the level of compensation paid to other Non-Interested Directors.
Non-Interested Directors are currently paid an annual retainer of $125,000. Committee and subcommittee Chairs each receive an additional annual retainer of $5,000. In addition, Non-Interested Directors are paid the following fees for attending Columbia RiverSource Board and Committee meetings: $5,000 per day of in-person Columbia RiverSource Board meetings and $2,500 per day of in-person Committee or sub-committee meetings (if such meetings are not held on the same day as a Columbia RiverSource Board meeting). Non-Interested Directors are not paid for special meetings conducted by telephone. In 2010, the Columbia RiverSource Board’s Chair will receive total annual cash compensation of $430,000. [Persons who are employees, officers or directors of Columbia Management receive no remuneration for serving as directors of the Companies.]
The Non-Interested Directors may elect to defer payment of up to 100% of the compensation they receive in accordance with a Deferred Compensation Plan (the Deferred Plan). Under the Deferred Plan, a Columbia RiverSource Board Director may elect to have his or her deferred compensation treated as if they had been invested in shares of one or more Funds in the RiverSource Fund Complex and the amount paid to the Columbia RiverSource Board member under the Deferred Plan will be determined based on the performance of such investments. Distributions may be taken in a lump sum or over a period of years. The Deferred Plan will remain unfunded for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). It is anticipated that deferral of Columbia RiverSource Board member compensation in accordance with the Deferred Plan will have, at most, a negligible impact on fund assets and liabilities. See Exhibit J for information on the amount of compensation paid to the Directors on a Fund-by-Fund basis and in the aggregate.
Required Vote and Recommendation
With respect to RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc. and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., election of each Nominee requires the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast, and each shareholder shall be entitled to as many votes as shall equal the dollars of net asset value multiplied by the number of directors to be elected and may cast all of such votes for a single director or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them.
For RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund and RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund, this Proposal 5 is contingent on Proposal 6 to the extent that if shareholders of a Company elect all 16 Nominees but do not approve the proposed amendment to such Company’s Articles of Incorporation, then William F. Truscott, an “interested person” of the Companies as defined in section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, will not continue as a director of that Company.
THE COLUMBIA RIVERSOURCE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR THE ELECTION OF EACH NOMINEE.
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Proposal 6. Amending the Articles of Incorporation of Each Selling Fund to Increase the Maximum Number of Board Members
As set forth in Proposal 6 below, shareholders of each Selling Fund have been asked to elect directors of the corporation of which it is a series. The directors of each such corporation who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund (“Independent Directors”), and the Board of Directors as a whole, have nominated sixteen individuals for election to the Board of Directors of such corporation. However, the Articles of Incorporation of each such corporation currently state that the corporation can have no more than fifteen directors. The Board of Directors of each such corporation believes that it would be in the best interests of shareholders of the Selling Funds to elect all sixteen of the nominees. Accordingly, it is proposed that Article IV, Section 2 of the Articles of Incorporation of each of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc. (of which RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund and RiverSource Small Company Index Fund are series), RiverSource Investment Series, Inc. (of which RiverSource Balanced Fund is a series), and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc. (of which RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund is a series) be amended to increase the maximum permissible number of directors from fifteen to twenty.
Current Language | Proposed Language | |
The directors, of which there shall be not less than two nor more than fifteen, shall be elected at the first meeting of the shareholders for an indefinite term and thereafter at each regular meeting of shareholders, to hold office for an indefinite term until the next regular meeting of shareholders, but in any event, they shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualify. | The directors, of which there shall be not less than two nor more than twenty, shall be elected at the first meeting of the shareholders for an indefinite term and thereafter at each regular meeting of shareholders, to hold office for an indefinite term until the next regular meeting of shareholders, but in any event, they shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualify. |
Board of Directors Recommendation and Required Vote
The proposed amendment to the Articles of Incorporation for each of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc. and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc. requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of all shares of each series thereof (voting together as a single class) present and entitled to vote at the Meeting.
The Boards of Directors of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc., and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc. unanimously recommends that shareholders vote FOR the amendment of the Articles of Incorporation.
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SECTION C—PROXY VOTING AND SHAREHOLDER MEETING INFORMATION
Voting. Shareholders of record of each Selling Fund on December 17, 2010 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to vote at the Meeting. With respect to each Reorganization, and the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc. and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., as applicable, shares of each Selling Fund are entitled to one vote for each dollar of net asset value, or a proportional fractional vote for each fractional dollar, represented by those shares on the Record Date. All share classes of a Selling Fund will vote together as one class on the Selling Fund’s proposed Reorganization. With respect to the election of Nominees and the amendment of the Articles of Incorporation, shareholders of each applicable Board Election Fund will vote together with shareholders of each other series of the entity of which such Fund is a series, if any, as a single class. With respect to the election of Nominees, each shareholder of a Board Election Fund is entitled to as many votes equal to the number of dollars of net asset value of shares owned multiplied by the number of Directors to be elected and may cast all of such votes for a single Director or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them.
Quorum and Methods of Tabulation. A quorum is required for shareholders of a Selling Fund to take action at the Meeting. For each Selling Fund, ten percent (10%) of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote, present at the Meeting in person or by proxy, constitutes a quorum.
All shares represented at the Meeting in person or by proxy will be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum. Broker non-votes will be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum but not toward the approval of any proposal or the election of Nominees. (Broker non-votes are shares for which the underlying owner has not voted and the broker holding the shares does not have authority to vote.) With respect to the election of Nominees, neither abstentions nor broker non-votes will have an effect on the outcome of the proposal. With respect to each Reorganization, and the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc., RiverSource Investment Series, Inc. and RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc., abstentions and broker non-votes will have the effect of votes against the proposal. In certain circumstances in which a Fund has received sufficient votes to approve a Reorganization, the Fund may request that brokers and nominees, in their discretion, withhold submission of broker non-votes in order to avoid the need for solicitation of additional votes in favor of the proposal. A Fund may also request that selected brokers and nominees, in their discretion, submit broker non-votes, if doing so is necessary to obtain a quorum.
If your shares are held in an IRA account with Ameriprise Trust Company as custodian (the “IRA Custodian”), you have the right to instruct the IRA Custodian how to vote those shares. For each applicable Selling Fund, the IRA Custodian will vote any shares for which it has not received voting instructions in proportionately the same manner as other shareholders of that Selling Fund have voted.
Shareholder Proxies. If you properly authorize your proxy by internet or telephone, or by executing and returning the enclosed proxy card by mail, and your proxy is not subsequently revoked, your vote will be cast at the Meeting and at any postponement or adjournment thereof. If you give instructions, your vote will be cast in accordance with your instructions. If you return your signed proxy card without instructions, your vote will be cast in favor of the Reorganization of your Selling Fund, for each Board Election Fund your vote will be cast FOR the election of each Nominee, and, for each Board Election Fund, your vote will be cast FOR the proposed amendments to your respective Fund’s Articles of Incorporation, as applicable.
Proxy Statement Delivery. “Householding” is the term used to describe the practice of delivering one copy of a document to a household of shareholders instead of delivering one copy of a document to each shareholder in the household. Certain shareholders of the Selling Funds who share a common address and who have not opted out of the householding process may receive a single copy of the combined proxy statement/prospectus along with the proxy cards. If you received more than one copy of the combined proxy statement/prospectus, you may elect to household in the future if permitted by your financial intermediary. Contact the financial intermediary through which you purchased your shares to determine whether householding is an option for your account. If you received a single copy of the combined proxy statement/prospectus, you may opt out of householding in the future by contacting your financial intermediary.
An additional copy of this combined proxy statement/prospectus may be obtained by writing to [—] at [—] or by calling the Selling Funds’ proxy solicitor, Computershare, toll free, at 1.800.708.7953.
Revoking Your Proxy. If you execute, date and submit a proxy card with respect to your Selling Fund, you may revoke your proxy prior to the meeting by providing written notice to the Funds’ proxy solicitor at Computershare Fund Services, c/o Operation Department, 280 Oser Ave., Hauppauge, NY 11788, or change your vote by submitting a subsequently executed and dated proxy card, by authorizing your proxy by internet or telephone on a later date or by attending the Meeting and casting your vote in person. If you authorize your proxy by internet or telephone, you may change your instructions prior to the meeting by authorizing a subsequent
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proxy by internet or telephone or by completing, signing and returning a proxy card dated as of a date that is later than your last internet or telephone proxy authorization or by attending the Meeting and casting your vote in person. Merely attending the Meeting without voting will not revoke your prior proxy.
Simultaneous Meetings. The meeting for each Selling Fund will be held simultaneously with the meeting for each other Selling Fund, with each proposal being voted on separately by the shareholders of the relevant Selling Fund. If any shareholder objects to the holding of simultaneous meetings, the shareholder may move for an adjournment of his or her Selling Fund’s meeting to a time after the Meeting so that a meeting for that Selling Fund may be held separately. If a shareholder makes this motion, the persons named as proxies will take into consideration the reasons for the objection in deciding whether to vote in favor of the adjournment, and may vote for or against the adjournment in their discretion.
Solicitation of Proxies. The Board of each Selling Fund is asking for your vote and for you to vote as promptly as possible. The expenses of the solicitation will be allocated to each Fund subject to the limitations described in Exhibit A. Proxies will be solicited primarily through the mailing of the Prospectus/Proxy Statement and its enclosures, but proxies also may be solicited through further mailings, telephone calls, personal interviews or e-mail by officers of each Selling Fund or by employees or agents of Columbia Management and its affiliated companies. In addition, Computershare Fund Services, 280 Oser Avenue, Hauppauge, NY 11788, has been engaged to assist in the solicitation of proxies, at the estimated cost set forth below, plus expenses.
Fund | Estimated Cost | |||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
RiverSource Balanced Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | $ | [ | —] |
Shareholder Proposals. The Selling Funds do not hold annual meetings of shareholders. Shareholders who wish to make a proposal not involving the nomination of a person for election as a director or trustee at a Selling Fund’s next special meeting that may be included in the Selling Fund’s proxy materials must notify the relevant Selling Fund a reasonable amount of time before the Selling Fund begins to print and mail its proxy materials. The fact that a Selling Fund receives such a shareholder proposal in a timely manner does not ensure inclusion of the proposal in the proxy materials, because there are other requirements in the proxy rules relating to such inclusion.
Dissenters’ Right of Appraisal.
Shareholders of the Selling Funds may be entitled to assert appraisal rights under Sections 302A.471 and 302A.473 of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act in connection with their Selling Fund’s Reorganization and to obtain payment of the “fair value” of their Selling Fund shares, provided that they comply with the requirements of Minnesota law. A copy of the relevant provisions of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act is attached as Exhibit B hereto.
Notwithstanding Minnesota law, the SEC has taken the position that the use of state appraisal procedures by a mutual fund, such as the Selling Funds, would be a violation of Rule 22c-1, the forward-pricing rule, under the 1940 Act. This rule states that no mutual fund may redeem its shares other than at the net asset value next computed after receipt of a request for redemption. It is the SEC’s position that Rule 22c-1 supersedes appraisal provisions in state statutes.
In the interest of ensuring equal valuation for all Selling Fund shareholders, dissenters’ rights will be determined in accordance with the SEC’s interpretation. As a result, if any shareholder elects to exercise dissenters’ rights under Minnesota law, the relevant Selling Fund intends to submit the question to a court of competent jurisdiction. In that event, a dissenting shareholder would not receive any payment until the end of the court proceeding.
Other Business. The Board of each Selling Fund does not know of any matters to be presented at the Meeting other than the Reorganizations, the amendments to the Articles of Incorporation, and the election of Nominees. If other business should properly come before the Meeting, the persons named as proxies will vote thereon in their discretion.
Adjournment. If the quorum required for the Meeting has not been met for any Selling Fund, the persons named as proxies may propose adjournment of the Meeting and vote all shares that they are entitled to vote in favor of such adjournment. If the quorum required for the Meeting has been met, but sufficient votes in favor of one or more proposals are not received by the time scheduled
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for the Meeting, then the persons named as proxies may move for one or more adjournments of the Meeting as to one or more proposals to allow further solicitation of shareholders. The procedures for adjournment of the Meeting for each Selling Fund are as follows:
• | For each Selling Fund, if a quorum is not present, the Meeting may be adjourned without notice other than by notice at the Meeting, and may otherwise be adjourned by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of each series thereof (voting together as a single class) voted at the Meeting. |
The persons named as proxies will vote in favor of adjournment with respect to a proposal those shares they are entitled to vote in favor of such proposal. They will vote against any such adjournment those shares they are required to vote against such proposal. The costs of any additional solicitation and of any adjourned Meeting will be borne in the same manner as the other expenses associated with the proposals described herein. Any proposal for which sufficient favorable votes have been received may be acted upon and considered final regardless of whether the Meeting is adjourned to permit additional solicitation with respect to any other proposal.
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SECTION D — CAPITALIZATION, OWNERSHIP OF FUND SHARES AND FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
This section contains the following information about the Buying Funds and the Selling Funds (all information is shown for the most recently ended fiscal year unless otherwise noted):
Table | Content | |
D-1 | Current and pro forma capitalization of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund | |
D-2 | Current and pro forma ownership of shares of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund | |
D-3 | Financial highlights of each Buying Fund |
The Funds’ Investment Manager and Distributor. Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the investment manager for each Fund. Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, is the distributor for each Fund.
Capitalization of Selling Funds and Buying Funds
The following table shows the capitalization of each Fund as of August 31, 2010 (and May 31, 2010 for Columbia Strategic Income Fund and RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund) and on a pro forma basis, assuming the proposed Reorganization had taken place as of that date. The pro forma combined net assets are determined by adding the net assets of the Selling Fund and the net assets of the corresponding Buying Fund. The pro forma combined shares outstanding are determined by dividing the net assets of the Selling Fund by the net asset value per share of the corresponding Buying Fund and adding the actual shares outstanding of the Buying Fund.
Table D-1. Current and Pro Forma Capitalization of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund
Fund | Net assets | Net asset value per share | Shares outstanding | |||||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A* | $ | 19,139,924 | $ | 3.52 | 5,429,907 | |||||||
Class Z** | $ | 96,902,324 | $ | 3.54 | 27,377,174 | |||||||
Total | $ | 116,042,248 | 32,807,081 |
* | Class A shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class D shares. |
** | Class Z shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class E shares. |
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) (Current) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 291,344,348 | $ | 20.35 | 14,318,031 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 3,137,304 | $ | 20.36 | 154,061 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 2,268,494,325 | $ | 20.44 | 110,998,310 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,562,975,977 | 125,470,402 | |||||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Pro Forma Combined)(1) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 310,479,053 | $ | 20.35 | 15,258,311 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 3,137,304 | $ | 20.36 | 154,061 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 2,365,370,224 | $ | 20.44 | 115,737,835 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,678,986,581 | 131,150,207 | |||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 306,596,231 | $ | 3.92 | 78,307,209 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 25,272,919 | $ | 3.13 | 8,069,630 | |||||||
Class R4 | $ | 6,933,990 | $ | 4.07 | 1,705,548 | |||||||
Total | $ | 338,803,140 | 88,082,387 |
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Fund | Net assets | Net asset value per share | Shares outstanding | |||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) (Current) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 114,429,599 | $ | 13.49 | 8,480,814 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 1,239,290,243 | $ | 13.54 | 91,535,512 | |||||||
Total | $ | 1,353,719,842 | 100,016,326 | |||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Pro Forma Combined)(1) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 420,800,921 | $ | 13.49 | 31,191,809 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 25,254,380 | $ | 13.49 | 1,872,082 | |||||||
Class R4 | $ | 6,928,903 | $ | 13.49 | 513,633 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 1,239,290,243 | $ | 13.54 | 91,535,512 | |||||||
Total | $ | 1,692,274,447 | 125,113,036 | |||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 505,424,142 | $ | 8.80 | 57,437,836 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 11,846,200 | $ | 8.74 | 1,355,572 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 8,646,757 | $ | 8.72 | 991,618 | |||||||
Class R* | $ | 38,503 | $ | 8.80 | 4,373 | |||||||
Class R4 | $ | 47,316,221 | $ | 8.80 | 5,375,935 | |||||||
Class R5 | $ | 9,288 | $ | 8.80 | 1,055 | |||||||
Total | $ | 573,281,111 | 65,166,389 |
* | Class R shares of RiverSource Balanced Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) (Current) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 65,112,116 | $ | 23.29 | 2,795,619 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 6,682,903 | $ | 23.24 | 287,536 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 25,461,595 | $ | 23.24 | 1,095,447 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 207,525,793 | $ | 23.27 | 8,919,701 | |||||||
Total | $ | 304,782,407 | 13,098,303 | |||||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Pro Forma Combined)(1) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 570,536,258 | $ | 23.29 | 24,496,956 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 18,529,103 | $ | 23.24 | 797,269 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 34,108,352 | $ | 23.24 | 1,467,511 | |||||||
Class R | $ | 38,503 | $ | 23.29 | 1,653 | |||||||
Class R4 | $ | 47,316,221 | $ | 23.29 | 2,031,611 | |||||||
Class R5 | $ | 9,288 | $ | 23.29 | 399 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 207,525,793 | $ | 23.27 | 8,919,701 | |||||||
Total | $ | 878,063,518 | 37,715,100 | |||||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 295,197,571 | $ | 9.68 | 30,503,703 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 26,290,991 | $ | 9.68 | 2,716,199 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 17,922,460 | $ | 9.67 | 1,853,119 | |||||||
Class R* | $ | 5,198 | $ | 9.68 | 537 | |||||||
Class R4 | $ | 210,976 | $ | 9.67 | 21,812 | |||||||
Class R5 | $ | 259,212 | $ | 9.68 | 26,779 | |||||||
Total | $ | 339,886,408 | 35,122,149 |
* | Class R shares of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares. |
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Fund | Net assets | Net asset value per share | Shares outstanding | |||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) (Current) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 1,013,941,300 | $ | 5.84 | 173,611,140 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 91,784,039 | $ | 5.84 | 15,726,330 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 196,319,428 | $ | 5.84 | 33,603,669 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 714,357,658 | $ | 5.78 | 123,682,559 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,016,402,425 | 346,623,698 | |||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Pro Forma Combined)(1) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 1,309,050,857 | $ | 5.84 | 224,143,598 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 118,067,191 | $ | 5.84 | 20,226,870 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 214,236,544 | $ | 5.84 | 36,671,668 | |||||||
Class R | $ | 5,196 | $ | 5.84 | 890 | |||||||
Class R4 | $ | 210,913 | $ | 5.84 | 36,115 | |||||||
Class R5 | $ | 259,135 | $ | 5.84 | 44,372 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 714,357,658 | $ | 5.78 | 123,682,559 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,356,187,494 | 404,806,072 |
(1) | Pro forma figures reflect the effect of estimated Reorganization costs. |
Ownership of Selling Fund and Buying Fund Shares
The following table provides information on each person who may be deemed to be a “control person” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of a Fund as of October 31, 2010 because it owns, directly or indirectly, of record more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, by virtue of its fiduciary roles with respect to its clients or otherwise. A control person may be able to facilitate shareholder approval of proposals it favors and to impede shareholder approval of proposals it opposes. In this regard, if a control person owns a sufficient number of a Fund’s outstanding shares, then, for certain shareholder proposals, such control person may be able to approve, or to prevent approval, of such proposals without regard to votes by other Fund shareholders.
[Table to be inserted]
The following table provides information on shareholders who owned of record or, to the knowledge of the Fund, beneficially, more than 5% of any class of a Fund’s outstanding shares as of October 31, 2010. [[As of October 31, 2010, the officers and directors/trustees of each Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of such Fund.]]
Table D-2. Current and Pro Forma Ownership of Fund Shares
Fund | >5% owners | Percent of shares held | Percent of shares held following Reorganization | |||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||
Class A* | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||||
Class Z** | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||||
*Class A shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class D shares. **Class Z shares of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund were formerly named Class E shares.
|
| |||||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||
Class A | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||||
Class B | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||||
Class Z | [—] | [—]% | [—]% |
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Fund | >5% owners | Percent of shares held | Percent of shares held following Reorganization | |||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||
Class A | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class B | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R4 | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||
Class A | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class B | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class R4 | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class Z | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||
Class A | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class B | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class C | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R* | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R4 | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R5 | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
*Class R shares of RiverSource Balanced Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares.
|
| |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||
Class A | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class B | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class C | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class R | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class R4 | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class R5 | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class Z | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||
Class A | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class B | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class C | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R* | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R3 | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R4 | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
Class R5 | [—] | [—]% | N/A | |||||
*Class R shares of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund were formerly named Class R2 shares.
| ||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||
Class A | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class B | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class C | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class R | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class R4 | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class R5 | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class W | [—] | [—]% | [—]% | |||||
Class Z | [—] | [—]% | [—]% |
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Financial Highlights
The financial highlights tables below are designed to help you understand how each Buying Fund has performed for the past five full fiscal years or, if shorter, the Buying Fund’s period of operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Buying Fund share. The total return line indicates how much an investment in the Buying Fund would have earned each period assuming any dividends and distributions had been reinvested. The information shown below for each Buying Fund has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with these Funds’ financial statements, is included in these Funds’ annual report to shareholders except that the six month period ended August 31, 2010 for each of Columbia Large Cap Index Fund and Columbia Small Cap Index Fund are unaudited. The independent registered public accounting firms’ reports and the Buying Funds’ financial statements are also incorporated by reference into the Merger SAI. Because Class B and Class R4 shares of Columbia Small Cap Index Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus, no financial highlights are provided for these share classes. Because Class R shares of Columbia Balanced Fund are new, and because Class R4 and Class R5 shares of Columbia Balanced Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus, no financial highlights are provided for these share classes. Because Class R shares of Columbia Strategic Income Fund are new, and because Class R4 and Class R5 shares of Columbia Strategic Income Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus, no financial highlights are provided for these share classes.
Table D-3. Financial Highlights of Buying Funds
Financial Highlights - Columbia Large Cap Index Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class A Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended August 31, 2010 | Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Year Ended February 29, 2008 | Period Ended February 28, 2007(a) | Year Ended March 31, 2006(b) | Year Ended March 31, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 21.30 | $ | 14.14 | $ | 25.64 | $ | 27.08 | $ | 24.97 | $ | 22.67 | $ | 21.65 | ||||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(c) | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.37 | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | (1.08 | ) | 7.15 | (11.54 | ) | (1.49 | ) | 2.14 | 2.19 | 1.01 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | (0.90 | ) | 7.49 | (11.09 | ) | (1.02 | ) | 2.53 | 2.55 | 1.38 | ||||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.05 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.41 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.36 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | — | (e) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 20.35 | $ | 21.30 | $ | 14.14 | $ | 25.64 | $ | 27.08 | $ | 24.97 | $ | 22.67 | ||||||||||||||
Total return(f)(g) | (4.22 | )%(h) | 53.09 | % | (43.51 | )% | (3.92 | )% | 10.20 | %(h) | 11.27 | % | 6.33 | % | ||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense | 0.39 | %(i) | 0.39 | % | 0.39 | %(j) | 0.39 | % | 0.39 | %(i) | 0.39 | %(j) | 0.39 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | — | — | %(k) | — | — | — | — | %(k) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses | 0.39 | %(i) | 0.39 | % | 0.39 | %(j) | 0.39 | % | 0.39 | %(i) | 0.39 | %(j) | 0.39 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.06 | %(i) | 0.06 | % | 0.06 | % | 0.06 | % | 0.06 | %(i) | 0.14 | %(l) | 0.14 | %(l) | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 1.67 | %(i) | 1.75 | % | 2.09 | %(j) | 1.67 | % | 1.63 | %(i) | 1.53 | %(j) | 1.67 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 1 | %(h) | 7 | % | 5 | % | 6 | % | 7 | %(h) | 12 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 291,344 | $ | 268,091 | $ | 101,119 | $ | 138,795 | $ | 87,528 | $ | 70,808 | $ | 37,088 |
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(a) | The Fund changed its fiscal year end from March 31 to February 28. Per share data and total return reflect activity from April 1, 2006 through February 28, 2007. |
(b) | On August 22, 2005, the existing Investor A shares were renamed Class A shares. |
(c) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(d) | Net investment income per share reflects a special dividend. The effect of this dividend amounted to $0.07 per share. |
(e) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(f) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested. |
(g) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(h) | Not annualized. |
(i) | Annualized. |
(j) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(k) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
(l) | Bank of America Corporation assumed certain non-recurring costs. Absent these non-recurring costs, the waiver/reimbursement ratio would have been 0.08% and 0.11% for the years ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2005, respectively. |
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Class Z Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended August 31, 2010 | Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Year Ended February 29, 2008 | Period Ended February 28, 2007(a) | Year Ended March 31, 2006(b) | Year Ended March 31, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 21.37 | $ | 14.18 | $ | 25.79 | $ | 27.29 | $ | 25.15 | $ | 22.82 | $ | 21.79 | ||||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(c) | 0.21 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.43 | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | (1.08) | 7.19 | (11.59) | (1.49) | 2.16 | 2.22 | 1.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | (0.87) | 7.57 | (11.08) | (0.96) | 2.61 | 2.64 | 1.44 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.06) | (0.38) | (0.53) | (0.54) | (0.47) | (0.31) | (0.41) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | — | (e) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 20.44 | $ | 21.37 | $ | 14.18 | $ | 25.79 | $ | 27.29 | $ | 25.15 | $ | 22.82 | ||||||||||||||
Total return(f)(g) | (4.07) | %(h) | 53.49 | % | (43.37) | % | (3.72) | % | 10.44 | %(h) | 11.59 | % | 6.57 | % | ||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense | 0.14 | %(i) | 0.14 | % | 0.14 | %(j) | 0.14 | % | 0.14 | %(i) | 0.14 | %(j) | 0.14 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | — | — | %(k) | — | — | — | — | %(k) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses | 0.14 | %(i) | 0.14 | % | 0.14 | %(j) | 0.14 | % | 0.14 | %(i) | 0.14 | %(j) | 0.14 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.06 | %(i) | 0.06 | % | 0.06 | % | 0.06 | % | 0.06 | %(i) | 0.14 | %(l) | 0.14 | %(l) | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 1.91 | %(i) | 2.00 | % | 2.31 | %(j) | 1.87 | % | 1.87 | %(i) | 1.78 | %(j) | 1.92 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 1 | %(h) | 7 | % | 5 | % | 6 | % | 7 | %(h) | 12 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 2,268,494 | $ | 2,412,760 | $ | 1,359,555 | $ | 2,358,122 | $ | 2,571,196 | $ | 2,367,063 | $ | 1,486,203 |
(a) | The Fund changed its fiscal year end from March 31 to February 28. Per share data and total return reflect activity from April 1, 2006 through February 28, 2007. |
(b) | On August 22, 2005, the existing Primary A shares were renamed Class Z shares. |
(c) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(d) | Net investment income per share reflects a special dividend. The effect of this dividend amounted to $0.07 per share. |
(e) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(f) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested. |
(g) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(h) | Not annualized. |
(i) | Annualized. |
(j) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(k) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
(l) | Bank of America Corporation assumed certain non-recurring costs. Absent these non-recurring costs, the waiver/reimbursement ratio would have been 0.08% and 0.11% for the years ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2005, respectively. |
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Financial Highlights - Columbia Small Cap Index Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class A Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended August 31, 2010 | Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Year Ended February 29, 2008 | Period Ended February 28, 2007(a) | Year Ended March 31, 2006(b) | Year Ended March 31, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 13.97 | $ | 8.58 | $ | 17.70 | $ | 22.19 | $ | 23.24 | $ | 19.16 | $ | 17.88 | ||||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(c) | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | (0.52 | ) | 5.40 | (7.25 | ) | (2.05 | ) | 0.48 | 4.32 | 2.03 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | (0.48 | ) | 5.48 | (7.08 | ) | (1.87 | ) | 0.58 | 4.45 | 2.15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | — | (0.09 | ) | (0.17 | ) | (0.17 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.10 | ) | |||||||||||||||
From net realized gains | — | — | (1.87 | ) | (2.45 | ) | (1.54 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.77 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | — | (0.09 | ) | (2.04 | ) | (2.62 | ) | (1.63 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.87 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | — | (d) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 13.49 | $ | 13.97 | $ | 8.58 | $ | 17.70 | $ | 22.19 | $ | 23.24 | $ | 19.16 | ||||||||||||||
Total return(e) | (3.44 | )%(f)(g) | 63.90 | %(g) | (42.43 | )% | (9.74 | )% | 3.09 | %(f)(g)(h) | 23.46 | %(g) | 12.58 | %(g) | ||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense | 0.45 | %(i) | 0.45 | % | 0.45 | %(j) | 0.45 | %(j) | 0.45 | %(i)(j) | 0.46 | %(j) | 0.46 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | — | — | — | %(k) | — | %(k) | | — | %(i)(k) | — | %(k) | — | ||||||||||||||||
Net expenses | 0.45 | %(i) | 0.45 | % | 0.45 | %(j) | 0.45 | %(j) | 0.45 | %(i)(j) | 0.46 | %(j) | 0.46 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | | — | %(i)(k) | — | %(k) | — | — | | — | %(i)(k) | 0.07 | %(l) | 0.11 | %(l) | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 0.56 | %(i) | 0.68 | % | 1.15 | %(j) | 0.81 | %(j) | 0.51 | %(i)(j) | 0.62 | %(j) | 0.64 | %(j) | ||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 6 | %(f) | 14 | % | 35 | % | 24 | % | 15 | %(f) | 20 | % | 16 | % | ||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 114,430 | $ | 96,238 | $ | 33,273 | $ | 46,078 | $ | 51,681 | $ | 45,365 | $ | 14,337 |
(a) | The Fund changed its fiscal year end from March 31 to February 28. Per share data and total return reflect activity from April 1, 2006 through February 28, 2007. |
(b) | On August 22, 2005, the existing Investor A shares were renamed Class A shares. |
(c) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(d) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(e) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested. |
(f) | Not annualized. |
(g) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(h) | Total return includes a voluntary reimbursement by the investment advisor for a realized investment loss due to trading errors. This reimbursement had an impact of less than 0.01% on total return. |
(i) | Annualized. |
(j) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(k) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
(l) | Bank of America Corporation assumed certain non-recurring costs. Absent these non-recurring costs, the waiver/reimbursement ratio would have been 0.01% and 0.08% for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2005, respectively. |
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Financial Highlights - Columbia Balanced Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class A Shares | Year Ended August 31, 2010 | Year Ended August 31, 2009 | Year Ended August 31, 2008 | Year Ended August 31, 2007 | Year Ended August 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 22.46 | $ | 24.03 | $ | 24.77 | $ | 22.51 | $ | 21.75 | ||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.48 | 0.38 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, foreign currency and futures contracts | 0.85 | (1.52 | ) | (0.56 | ) | 2.26 | 0.78 | |||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 1.20 | (1.05 | ) | (0.03 | ) | 2.74 | 1.16 | |||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.37 | ) | (0.52 | ) | (0.56 | ) | (0.48 | ) | (0.40 | ) | ||||||||||
From net realized gains | — | — | (0.15 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.37 | ) | (0.52 | ) | (0.71 | ) | (0.48 | ) | (0.40 | ) | ||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 23.29 | $ | 22.46 | $ | 24.03 | $ | 24.77 | $ | 22.51 | ||||||||||
Total return(c) | 5.33 | % | (4.03 | )% | (0.22 | )% | 12.26 | % | 5.40 | %(d) | ||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense(e) | �� | 1.02 | % | 1.04 | % | 0.99 | % | 1.02 | % | 0.98 | % | |||||||||
Interest expense | — | — | — | — | — | %(f) | ||||||||||||||
Net expenses(e) | 1.02 | % | 1.04 | % | 0.99 | % | 1.02 | % | 0.98 | % | ||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | — | — | — | — | 0.01 | % | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income(e) | 1.47 | % | 2.33 | % | 2.14 | % | 1.98 | % | 1.71 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 89 | % | 102 | % | 94 | % | 78 | % | 59 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 65,112 | $ | 19,152 | $ | 10,712 | $ | 6,582 | $ | 4,137 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(f) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
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Class B Shares | Year Ended August 31, 2010 | Year Ended August 31, 2009 | Year Ended August 31, 2008 | Year Ended August 31, 2007 | Year Ended August 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 22.41 | $ | 23.99 | $ | 24.73 | $ | 22.47 | $ | 21.72 | ||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.21 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, foreign currency and futures contracts | 0.85 | (1.53 | ) | (0.56 | ) | 2.27 | 0.78 | |||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 1.02 | (1.21 | ) | (0.22 | ) | 2.56 | 0.99 | |||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.19 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.24 | ) | ||||||||||
From net realized gains | — | — | (0.15 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.19 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.52 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.24 | ) | ||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 23.24 | $ | 22.41 | $ | 23.99 | $ | 24.73 | $ | 22.47 | ||||||||||
Total return(c) | 4.56 | % | (4.82 | )% | (0.97 | )% | 11.45 | % | 4.57 | %(d) | ||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense(e) | 1.77 | % | 1.79 | % | 1.74 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.73 | % | ||||||||||
Interest expense | — | — | — | — | — | %(f) | ||||||||||||||
Net expenses(e) | 1.77 | % | 1.79 | % | 1.74 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.73 | % | ||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | — | — | — | — | 0.01 | % | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income(e) | 0.73 | % | 1.63 | % | 1.37 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.95 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 89 | % | 102 | % | 94 | % | 78 | % | 59 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 6,683 | $ | 6,934 | $ | 7,551 | $ | 6,955 | $ | 7,213 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(f) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
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Class C Shares | Year Ended August 31, 2010 | Year Ended August 31, 2009 | Year Ended August 31, 2008 | Year Ended August 31, 2007 | Year Ended August 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 22.42 | $ | 23.99 | $ | 24.73 | $ | 22.48 | $ | 21.72 | ||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.21 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, foreign currency and futures contracts | 0.84 | (1.51 | ) | (0.56 | ) | 2.26 | 0.79 | |||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 1.01 | (1.20 | ) | (0.22 | ) | 2.55 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.19 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.24 | ) | ||||||||||
From net realized gains | — | — | (0.15 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.19 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.52 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.24 | ) | ||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 23.24 | $ | 22.42 | $ | 23.99 | $ | 24.73 | $ | 22.48 | ||||||||||
Total return(c) | 4.51 | % | (4.77 | )% | (0.97 | )% | 11.40 | % | 4.62 | %(d) | ||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense(e) | 1.77 | % | 1.79 | % | 1.74 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.73 | % | ||||||||||
Interest expense | — | — | — | — | — | %(f) | ||||||||||||||
Net expenses(e) | 1.77 | % | 1.79 | % | 1.74 | % | 1.77 | % | 1.73 | % | ||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | — | — | — | — | 0.01 | % | ||||||||||||||
Net investment income(e) | 0.71 | % | 1.57 | % | 1.39 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.98 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 89 | % | 102 | % | 94 | % | 78 | % | 59 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 25,462 | $ | 11,014 | $ | 3,209 | $ | 1,887 | $ | 1,491 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(f) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
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Financial Highlights – Columbia Strategic Income Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class A Shares | Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Year Ended May 31, 2009 | Year Ended May 31, 2008 | Year Ended May 31, 2007 | Year Ended May 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 5.40 | $ | 5.91 | $ | 6.01 | $ | 5.88 | $ | 6.15 | ||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income (a) | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.34 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, foreign currency, futures contracts and credit default swap contracts | 0.41 | (0.41 | ) | (0.05 | ) | 0.16 | (0.15 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.70 | (0.12 | ) | 0.26 | 0.49 | 0.19 | ||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.26 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.46 | ) | ||||||||||
From return of capital | — | (0.01 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.26 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.46 | ) | ||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 5.84 | $ | 5.40 | $ | 5.91 | $ | 6.01 | $ | 5.88 | ||||||||||
Total return (b) | 13.14 | % | (1.79 | )% | 4.47 | % | 8.57 | %(c)(d) | 3.24 | %(c) | ||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses (e) | 0.99 | % | 0.98 | % | 0.95 | % | 0.95 | % | 0.99 | % | ||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | — | — | — | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | |||||||||||||
Net investment income (e) | 5.09 | % | 5.46 | % | 5.24 | % | 5.49 | % | 5.56 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 50 | % | 43 | % | 41 | % | 49 | % | 56 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 1,013,941 | $ | 913,087 | $ | 865,282 | $ | 835,878 | $ | 703,746 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge. |
(c) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(d) | Total return includes a voluntary reimbursement by the investment advisor for a realized investment loss due to a trading error. This reimbursement increased total return and net asset value per share by less than 0.01% and less than $0.01, respectively. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
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Class B Shares | Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Year Ended May 31, 2009 | Year Ended May 31, 2008 | Year Ended May 31, 2007 | Year Ended May 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 5.40 | $ | 5.91 | $ | 6.00 | $ | 5.88 | $ | 6.15 | ||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income (a) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.29 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, foreign currency, futures contracts and credit default swap contracts | 0.41 | (0.41 | ) | (0.05 | ) | 0.16 | (0.14 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.66 | (0.16 | ) | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.15 | ||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.22 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.42 | ) | ||||||||||
From return of capital | — | (0.01 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.22 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.42 | ) | ||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 5.84 | $ | 5.40 | $ | 5.91 | $ | 6.00 | $ | 5.88 | ||||||||||
Total return (b) | 12.30 | % | (2.52 | )% | 3.86 | % | 7.59 | %(c)(d) | 2.48 | %(c) | ||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses (e) | 1.74 | % | 1.73 | % | 1.70 | % | 1.70 | % | 1.74 | % | ||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | — | — | — | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | |||||||||||||
Net investment income (e) | 4.43 | % | 4.71 | % | 4.50 | % | 4.75 | % | 4.82 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 50 | % | 43 | % | 41 | % | 49 | % | 56 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 91,784 | $ | 122,915 | $ | 169,001 | $ | 217,270 | $ | 295,983 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(c) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(d) | Total return includes a voluntary reimbursement by the investment advisor for a realized investment loss due to a trading error. This reimbursement increased total return and net asset value per share by less than 0.01% and less than $0.01, respectively. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
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Class C Shares | Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Year Ended May 31, 2009 | Year Ended May 31, 2008 | Year Ended May 31, 2007 | Year Ended May 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 5.41 | $ | 5.91 | $ | 6.01 | $ | 5.89 | $ | 6.15 | ||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income (a) | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.30 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, foreign currency, futures contracts and credit default swap contracts | 0.40 | (0.41 | ) | (0.06 | ) | 0.15 | (0.13 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.66 | (0.15 | ) | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.17 | ||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.23 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.43 | ) | ||||||||||
From return of capital | — | (0.01 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.23 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.43 | ) | ||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 5.84 | $ | 5.41 | $ | 5.91 | $ | 6.01 | $ | 5.89 | ||||||||||
Total return (b)(c) | 12.26 | % | (2.21 | )% | 3.84 | % | 7.74 | %(d) | 2.79 | % | ||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses (e) | 1.59 | % | 1.58 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.59 | % | ||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.15 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.16 | % | 0.16 | % | ||||||||||
Net investment income (e) | 4.47 | % | 4.85 | % | 4.63 | % | 4.89 | % | 4.95 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 50 | % | 43 | % | 41 | % | 49 | % | 56 | % | ||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 196,319 | $ | 157,492 | $ | 130,420 | $ | 106,401 | $ | 72,221 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(c) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(d) | Total return includes a voluntary reimbursement by the investment advisor for a realized investment loss due to a trading error. This reimbursement increased total return and net asset value per share by less than 0.01% and less than $0.01, respectively. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
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Exhibit A
Each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund may bear a portion of the out-of-pocket expenses associated with its Reorganization. Out-of-pocket expenses associated with a Reorganization include, but are not limited to: (1) the expenses associated with the preparation, printing and mailing of any shareholder communications, including this proxy statement/prospectus, and any filings with the SEC and/or other governmental authorities in connection with the Reorganization; (2) the fees and expenses of any proxy solicitation firm retained in connection with the Reorganization; and (3) the legal and other fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization. Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R, Class R4 and Class R5 of RiverSource Balanced Fund are not expected to benefit from expense savings as a result of the Reorganization, but they nevertheless will bear a proportionate share of any Reorganization expenses allocated to the Fund.
All fees paid to governmental authorities for the registration or qualification of the Buying Fund shares to be issued in the Reorganization and all transfer agency costs related to such shares will be allocated to the Buying Fund. All fees and expenses related to printing and mailing communications to Selling Fund shareholders will be allocated to the Selling Fund. All of the other out-of-pocket expenses of a Reorganization including, without limitation, accounting, legal and custodial expenses, will be allocated equally among the applicable Funds. Following this initial allocation between the Funds, Columbia Management limits the expenses actually borne by a Fund to the anticipated reduction in expenses to be incurred by that Fund over the first year following the Reorganization. Any reduction in the Reorganization expenses borne by a Fund as a result of this limitation is absorbed by Columbia Management, not by any other Fund. The estimated costs of each Reorganization expected to be borne by each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund, in the aggregate and on a per-share basis based on shares outstanding as of August 31, 2010, are set forth below:
Costs Estimated to be Borne | ||||||||
Fund | Total | Per Share | ||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 31,644 | $ | 0.001 | ||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 248,535 | $ | 0.003 | ||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0.000 | ||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 101,338 | $ | 0.003 | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0.000 | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0.000 | ||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 13,989 | $ | 0.001 | ||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0.000 |
Should any Reorganization fail to occur, Columbia Management will bear all costs associated with that Reorganization.
Based on the operating expense ratios shown in the Fees and Expenses section above for each Buying Fund, it is projected that, after the Reorganizations, assuming all of the Reorganizations are consummated, each class of each Selling Fund will benefit from expense savings that will offset the allocated Reorganization expenses. However, the benefit of those projected expense savings will not be realized immediately. It is projected that the aggregate expense savings for the Selling Funds will not exceed the allocated Reorganization expenses of each Selling Fund until approximately the number of months after its Reorganization set forth below.
Fund | Number of Months | |
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | 2 | |
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | 3 | |
RiverSource Balanced Fund | N/A | |
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | 5 |
If a shareholder redeems his or her shares prior to the indicated time, the shareholder will receive no net benefit from the projected expense savings.
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Exhibit B
Minnesota Business Corporation Act Sections 302A.471 and 302A.473
If you are a shareholder of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Balanced Fund, or RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund, Minnesota law requires that we provide you with a copy of the state law on dissenters’ rights. Notwithstanding the provisions of the law set out below, the SEC has taken the position that use of state appraisal procedures by a registered mutual fund would be a violation of Rule 22c-1, the forward pricing rule, under the 1940 Act. As a result, if any shareholder elects to exercise dissenters’ rights under Minnesota law, the applicable Selling Fund intends to submit this question to a court of competent jurisdiction. In that event, a dissenting shareholder would not receive any payment until the end of the court proceeding.
302A.471. Rights of dissenting shareholders
Subdivision 1. Actions creating rights. A shareholder of a corporation may dissent from, and obtain payment for the fair value of the shareholder’s shares in the event of, any of the following corporate actions:
(a) | unless otherwise provided in the articles, an amendment of the articles that materially and adversely affects the rights or preferences of the shares of the dissenting shareholder in that it: |
(1) | alters or abolishes a preferential right of the shares; |
(2) | creates, alters, or abolishes a right in respect of the redemption of the shares, including a provision respecting a sinking fund for the redemption or repurchase of the shares; |
(3) | alters or abolishes a preemptive right of the holder of the shares to acquire shares, securities other than shares, or rights to purchase shares or securities other than shares; |
(4) | excludes or limits the right of a shareholder to vote on a matter, or to cumulate votes, except as the right may be excluded or limited through the authorization or issuance of securities of an existing or new class or series with similar or different voting rights; except that an amendment to the articles of an issuing public corporation that provides that section 302A.671 does not apply to a control share acquisition does not give rise to the right to obtain payment under this section; |
(5) | eliminates the right to obtain payment under this subdivision; |
(b) | a sale, lease, transfer, or other disposition of property and assets of the corporation that requires shareholder approval under section 302A.661, subdivision 2, but not including a disposition in dissolution described in section 302A.725, subdivision 2, or a disposition pursuant to an order of a court, or a disposition for cash on terms requiring that all or substantially all of the net proceeds of disposition be distributed to the shareholders in accordance with their respective interests within one year after the date of disposition; |
(c) | a plan of merger, whether under this chapter or under chapter 322B, to which the corporation is a constituent organization, except as provided in subdivision 3, and except for a plan of merger adopted under section 302A.626; |
(d) | a plan of exchange, whether under this chapter or under chapter 322B, to which the corporation is a party as the corporation whose shares will be acquired by the acquiring organization, except as provided in subdivision 3; |
(e) | a plan of conversion adopted by the corporation; or |
(f) | any other corporate action taken pursuant to a shareholder vote with respect to which the articles, the bylaws, or a resolution approved by the board directs that dissenting shareholders may obtain payment for their shares. |
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Subdivision 2. Beneficial owners.
(a) | A shareholder shall not assert dissenters’ rights as to less than all of the shares registered in the name of the shareholder, unless the shareholder dissents with respect to all the shares that are beneficially owned by another person but registered in the name of the shareholder and discloses the name and address of each beneficial owner on whose behalf the shareholder dissents. In that event, the rights of the dissenter shall be determined as if the shares as to which the shareholder has dissented and the other shares were registered in the names of different shareholders. |
(b) | A beneficial owner of shares who is not the shareholder may assert dissenters’ rights with respect to shares held on behalf of the beneficial owner, and shall be treated as a dissenting shareholder under the terms of this section and section 302A.473, if the beneficial owner submits to the corporation at the time of or before the assertion of the rights a written consent of the shareholder. |
Subdivision 3. Rights not to apply.
(a) | Unless the articles, the bylaws, or a resolution approved by the board otherwise provide, the right to obtain payment under this section does not apply to a shareholder of (1) the surviving corporation in a merger with respect to shares of the shareholder that are not entitled to be voted on the merger and are not canceled or exchanged in the merger or (2) the corporation whose shares will be acquired by the acquiring organization in a plan of exchange with respect to shares of the shareholder that are not entitled to be voted on the plan of exchange and are not exchanged in the plan of exchange. |
(b) | If a date is fixed according to section 302A.445, subdivision 1, for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to vote on an action described in subdivision 1, only shareholders as of the date fixed, and beneficial owners as of the date fixed who hold through shareholders, as provided in subdivision 2, may exercise dissenters’ rights. |
(c) | Notwithstanding subdivision 1, the right to obtain payment under this section, other than in connection with a plan of merger adopted under section 302A.621, is limited in accordance with the following provisions: |
(1) | The right to obtain payment under this section is not available for the holders of shares of any class or series of shares that is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Global Market, or the NASDAQ Global Select Market. |
(2) | The applicability of clause (1) is determined as of: |
(i) | the record date fixed to determine the shareholders entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at, the meeting of shareholders to act upon the corporate action described in subdivision 1; or |
(ii) | the day before the effective date of corporate action described in subdivision 1 if there is no meeting of shareholders. |
(3) | Clause (1) is not applicable, and the right to obtain payment under this section is available pursuant to subdivision 1, for the holders of any class or series of shares who are required by the terms of the corporate action described in subdivision 1 to accept for such shares anything other than shares, or cash in lieu of fractional shares, of any class or any series of shares of a domestic or foreign corporation, or any other ownership interest of any other organization, that satisfies the standards set forth in clause (1) at the time the corporate action becomes effective. |
Subdivision 4. Other rights. The shareholders of a corporation who have a right under this section to obtain payment for their shares, or who would have the right to obtain payment for their shares absent the exception set forth in paragraph (c) of subdivision 3, do not have a right at law or in equity to have a corporate action described in subdivision 1 set aside or rescinded, except when the corporate action is fraudulent with regard to the complaining shareholder or the corporation.
302A.473. Procedures for asserting dissenters’ rights
Subdivision 1. Definitions.
(a) | For purposes of this section, the terms defined in this subdivision have the meanings given them. |
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(b) | “Corporation” means the issuer of the shares held by a dissenter before the corporate action referred to in section 302A.471, subdivision 1 or the successor by merger of that issuer. |
(c) | “Fair value of the shares” means the value of the shares of a corporation immediately before the effective date of the corporate action referred to in section 302A.471, subdivision 1. |
(d) | “Interest” means interest commencing five days after the effective date of the corporate action referred to in section 302A.471, subdivision 1, up to and including the date of payment, calculated at the rate provided in section 549.09 for interest on verdicts and judgments. |
Subdivision 2. Notice of action. If a corporation calls a shareholder meeting at which any action described in section 302A.471, subdivision 1 is to be voted upon, the notice of the meeting shall inform each shareholder of the right to dissent and shall include a copy of section 302A.471 and this section and a brief description of the procedure to be followed under these sections.
Subdivision 3. Notice of dissent. If the proposed action must be approved by the shareholders and the corporation holds a shareholder meeting, a shareholder who is entitled to dissent under section 302A.471 and who wishes to exercise dissenters’ rights must file with the corporation before the vote on the proposed action a written notice of intent to demand the fair value of the shares owned by the shareholder and must not vote the shares in favor of the proposed action.
Subdivision 4. Notice of procedure; deposit of shares.
(a) | After the proposed action has been approved by the board and, if necessary, the shareholders, the corporation shall send to (i) all shareholders who have complied with subdivision 3, (ii) all shareholders who did not sign or consent to a written action that gave effect to the action creating the right to obtain payment under section 302A.471, and (iii) all shareholders entitled to dissent if no shareholder vote was required, a notice that contains: |
(1) | the address to which a demand for payment and certificates of certificated shares must be sent in order to obtain payment and the date by which they must be received; |
(2) | any restrictions on transfer of uncertificated shares that will apply after the demand for payment is received; |
(3) | a form to be used to certify the date on which the shareholder, or the beneficial owner on whose behalf the shareholder dissents, acquired the shares or an interest in them and to demand payment; and |
(4) | a copy of section 302A.471 and this section and a brief description of the procedures to be followed under these sections. |
(b) | In order to receive the fair value of the shares, a dissenting shareholder must demand payment and deposit certificated shares or comply with any restrictions on transfer of uncertificated shares within 30 days after the notice required by paragraph (a) was given, but the dissenter retains all other rights of a shareholder until the proposed action takes effect. |
Subdivision 5. Payment; return of shares.
(a) | After the corporate action takes effect, or after the corporation receives a valid demand for payment, whichever is later, the corporation shall remit to each dissenting shareholder who has complied with subdivisions 3 and 4 the amount the corporation estimates to be the fair value of the shares, plus interest, accompanied by: |
(1) | the corporation’s closing balance sheet and statement of income for a fiscal year ending not more than 16 months before the effective date of the corporate action, together with the latest available interim financial statements; |
(2) | an estimate by the corporation of the fair value of the shares and a brief description of the method used to reach the estimate; and |
(3) | a copy of section 302A.471 and this section, and a brief description of the procedure to be followed in demanding supplemental payment. |
(b) | The corporation may withhold the remittance described in paragraph (a) from a person who was not a shareholder on the date the action dissented from was first announced to the public or who is dissenting on behalf of a person who was not a beneficial owner |
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on that date. If the dissenter has complied with subdivisions 3 and 4, the corporation shall forward to the dissenter the materials described in paragraph (a), a statement of the reason for withholding the remittance, and an offer to pay to the dissenter the amount listed in the materials if the dissenter agrees to accept that amount in full satisfaction. The dissenter may decline the offer and demand payment under subdivision 6. Failure to do so entitles the dissenter only to the amount offered. If the dissenter makes demand, subdivision 7 and 8 apply. |
(c) | If the corporation fails to remit payment within 60 days of the deposit of certificates or the imposition of transfer restrictions on uncertificated shares, it shall return all deposited certificates and cancel all transfer restrictions. However, the corporation may again give notice under subdivision 4 and require deposit or restrict transfer at a later time. |
Subdivision 6. Supplemental payment; demand. If a dissenter believes that the amount remitted under subdivision 5 is less than the fair value of the shares plus interest, the dissenter may give written notice to the corporation of the dissenter’s own estimate of the fair value of the shares, plus interest, within 30 days after the corporation mails the remittance under subdivision 5, and demand payment of the difference. Otherwise, a dissenter is entitled only to the amount remitted by the corporation.
Subdivision 7. Petition; determination. If the corporation receives a demand under subdivision 6, it shall, within 60 days after receiving the demand, either pay to the dissenter the amount demanded or agreed to by the dissenter after discussion with the corporation or file in a court a petition requesting that the court determine the fair value of the shares, plus interest. The petition shall be filed in the county in which the registered office of the corporation is located, except that a surviving foreign corporation that receives a demand relating to the shares of a constituent domestic corporation shall file the petition in the county in this state in which the last registered office of the constituent corporation was located. The petition shall name as parties all dissenters who have demanded payment under subdivision 6 and who have not reached agreement with the corporation. The corporation shall, after filing the petition, serve all parties with a summons and copy of the petition under the rules of civil procedure. Nonresidents of this state may be served by registered or certified mail or by publication as provided by law. Except as otherwise provided, the rules of civil procedures apply to this proceeding. The jurisdiction of the court is plenary and exclusive. The court may appoint appraisers, with powers and authorities the court deems proper, to receive evidence on and recommend the amount of the fair value of the shares. The court shall determine whether the shareholder or shareholders in question have fully complied with the requirements of this section, and shall determine the fair value of the shares, taking into account any and all factors the court finds relevant, computed by any method or combination of methods that the court, in its discretion, sees fit to use, whether or not used by the corporation or by a dissenter. The fair value of the shares as determined by the court is binding on all shareholders, wherever located. A dissenter is entitled to judgment in cash for the amount by which the fair value of the shares as determined by the court, plus interest, exceeds the amount, if any, remitted under subdivision 5, but shall not be liable to the corporation for the amount, if any, by which the amount, if any, remitted to the dissenter under subdivision 5 exceeds the fair value of the shares as determined by the court, plus interest.
Subdivision 8. Costs; fees; expenses.
(a) | The court shall determine the costs and expenses of a proceeding under subdivision 7, including the reasonable expenses and compensation of any appraisers appointed by the court, and shall assess those costs and expenses against the corporation, except that the court may assess part or all of those costs and expenses against a dissenter whose action in demanding payment under subdivision 6 is found to be arbitrary, vexatious, or not in good faith. |
(b) | If the court finds that the corporation has failed to comply substantially with this section, the court may assess all fees and expenses of any experts or attorneys as the court deems equitable. These fees and expenses may also be assessed against a person who has acted arbitrarily, vexatiously, or not in good faith in bringing the proceeding, and may be awarded to a party injured by those actions. |
(c) | The court may award, in its discretion, fees and expenses to an attorney for the dissenters out of the amount awarded to the dissenters, if any. |
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Exhibit C
Additional Information Applicable to the Buying Funds
Below is information regarding the Buying Funds. All references to a Fund or the Funds in this Exhibit C refer to a Buying Fund or the Buying Funds, respectively, unless otherwise noted.
Fund Management and Compensation (for all Buying Funds)
Columbia Management, 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the investment manager to the Combined Fund Complex (including the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Seligman- and Threadneedle-branded funds), and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. In addition to managing investments for the Combined Fund Complex, Columbia Management manages investments for itself and its affiliates. For institutional clients, Columbia Management and its affiliates provide investment management and related services, such as separate account asset management and institutional trust and custody, as well as other investment products. For all of its clients, Columbia Management seeks to allocate investment opportunities in an equitable manner over time. See the Merger SAI for more information.
Subject to oversight by each Fund’s Board, Columbia Management manages the day-to-day operations of each Fund, determines what securities and other investments each Fund should buy or sell and executes the portfolio transactions. Although Columbia Management is responsible for the investment management of each Fund, Columbia Management may delegate certain of its duties to one or more investment subadvisers. Columbia Management may use the research and other capabilities of its affiliates and third parties in managing investments.
The Combined Fund Complex has received an order from the SEC that permits Columbia Management, subject to the approval of each Fund’s Board, to appoint a subadviser or change the terms of a subadvisory agreement for the Fund without first obtaining shareholder approval. The order permits the Fund to add or change unaffiliated subadvisers or change the fees paid to subadvisers from time to time without the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the change. Columbia Management and its affiliates may have other relationships, including significant financial relationships, with current or potential subadvisers or their affiliates, which may create a conflict of interest. In making recommendations to each Fund’s Board to appoint or to change a subadviser, or to change the terms of a subadvisory agreement, Columbia Management does not consider any other relationship it or its affiliates may have with a subadviser, and Columbia Management discloses to the Board the nature of any material relationships it has with a subadviser or its affiliates.
Each Buying Fund pays Columbia Management a fee for managing their respective assets. The fees paid by each Buying Fund for the most recent fiscal year were the following percentage of each Fund’s average daily net assets:
Buying Fund | Percentage of Fund’s Average Daily Net Assets | |||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund | 0.10 | % | ||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | 0.10 | % | ||
Columbia Balanced Fund | 0.50 | % | ||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund | 0.54 | % |
Under its IMS Agreement, each Buying Fund also pays taxes, brokerage commissions and nonadvisory expenses. A discussion regarding the basis for each Fund’s Board approving the IMS Agreement is available in the annual report of Columbia Large Cap Index Fund and Columbia Small Cap Index Fund for the period ended February 28, 2010, Columbia Balanced Fund’s semiannual report to shareholders for the period ended February 28, 2010, and in the Columbia Strategic Income Fund’s annual report for the period ended May 31, 2010.
Each Fund may from time to time take temporary defensive investment positions that are inconsistent with that Fund’s principal investment strategies in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions including, for example, investments in money market instruments or holdings of cash or cash equivalents. Investing defensively may prevent a Fund from achieving its investment objective.
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Portfolio Managers
Information about the portfolio managers who are primarily responsible for overseeing each Fund’s investments is shown below. The Merger SAI provides more information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each portfolio manager and each portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in each Fund.
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund
The portfolio manager responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund is:
Alfred F. Alley III, CFA, Portfolio Manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2009. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 2005. |
• | Began investment career in 2000. |
• | B.S., Northeastern University. |
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund
The portfolio manager responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund is:
Alfred F. Alley III, CFA, Portfolio Manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2009. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 2005. |
• | Began investment career in 2000. |
• | B.S., Northeastern University. |
Columbia Balanced Fund
The portfolio managers responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:
Leonard A. Aplet, CFA, Co-manager
• | Service with the Fund since 1991. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 1987. |
• | Began investment career in 1987. |
• | B.S., Oregon State University |
• | M.B.A. in finance, University of California at Berkeley |
Brian Lavin, CFA, Co-manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2010. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 1994. |
• | Began investment career in 1986. |
• | M.B.A., University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. |
Guy W. Pope, CFA, Co-manager
• | Service with the Fund since 1997. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 1993. |
• | Began investment career in 1993. |
• | B.A., Colorado College. |
• | M.B.A., Northwestern University. |
Ronald B. Stahl, Co-manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2005. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 1998. |
• | Began investment career in 1998. |
• | B.S., Oregon State University. |
• | M.B.A., Portland State University. |
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Columbia Strategic Income Fund
The portfolio managers responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:
Colin J. Lundgren, CFA, Lead Manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2010. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 1986. |
• | Began investment career in 1989. |
• | B.A., Lake Forest College. |
Brian Lavin, CFA, Co-manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2010. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 1994. |
• | Began investment career in 1986. |
• | M.B.A., University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. |
Gene R. Tannuzzo, CFA, Co-manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2010. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors since 2003. |
• | Began investment career in 2003. |
• | B.S.B., University of Minnesota, Carlson School of Management. |
Legal Proceedings
Ameriprise Financial and certain of its affiliates have historically been involved in a number of legal, arbitration and regulatory proceedings, including routine litigation, class actions and governmental actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of their business activities. Ameriprise Financial believes that each Fund is not currently the subject of, and that neither Ameriprise Financial or any of its affiliates is the subject of, any pending legal, arbitration or regulatory proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse effect on each Fund or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with each Fund. Information regarding certain pending and settled legal proceedings may be found in each Fund’s shareholder reports and in the Merger SAI. Additionally, Ameriprise Financial is required to make 10-Q, 10-K and, as necessary, 8-K filings with the SEC on legal and regulatory matters that relate to Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. Copies of these filings may be obtained by accessing the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
Service Section
Choosing a Share Class
The Funds
Effective September 7, 2010, the Columbia funds (including the portfolios), Columbia Acorn funds and RiverSource funds (including the Seligman and Threadneedle branded funds) share the same policies and procedures for investor services, as described below. For example, for purposes of calculating the initial sales charge on the purchase of Class A shares of a fund, an investor or selling and/or servicing agent should consider the combined market value of all Columbia, Columbia Acorn, RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds owned by the investor or his/her “immediate family.” For details on this particular policy, see Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges – Front-End Sales Charge Reductions.
For purposes of this service section, funds and portfolios bearing the “Columbia” and “Columbia Acorn” brands prior to September 27, 2010 are collectively referred to as the Legacy Columbia funds. The Funds that historically bore the RiverSource brand, including those renamed to bear the “Columbia” brand effective September 27, 2010 as well as certain other funds are collectively referred to as the Legacy RiverSource funds. Together the Legacy Columbia funds and the Legacy RiverSource funds are referred to as the Funds. References to the “Fund” are deemed to refer to one of the Funds or to the Buying Fund, as the context requires.
The Funds’ primary service providers are referred to as follows: Columbia Management or the investment manager refers to Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly RiverSource Investments, LLC), the Transfer Agent refers to Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly, RiverSource Services Corporation) and the Distributor refers to Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.).
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Additional information about the Funds can be obtained at the Funds’ website, columbiamanagement.com, by calling toll-free 800.345.6611, or by writing (regular mail) to The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 or (express mail) The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809.
Comparison of Share Classes
Share Class Features
Not all Funds offer every class of shares. Each share class has its own investment eligibility criteria, cost structure and other features. You may not be eligible for every share class. If you purchase shares of the Fund through a retirement plan or other product or program sponsored by your selling and/or servicing agent, not all share classes may be made available to you.
The following summarizes the primary features of Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, Class T, Class W, Class Y and Class Z shares. Although Class B, Class E, Class F and Class T shares are generally closed to new and existing investors, information relating to these share classes is included in the table below because certain qualifying purchase orders are permitted, as described below. When deciding which class of shares to buy, you should consider, among other things:
• | The amount you plan to invest. |
• | How long you intend to remain invested in the Fund. |
• | The expenses for each share class. |
• | Whether you may be eligible for a reduction or waiver of sales charges when you buy or sell shares. |
FUNDamentalsTM
Selling and/or Servicing Agents
The terms “selling agent” and “servicing agent” refer to the financial intermediary that employs your financial advisor. Selling and/or servicing agents include, for example, brokerage firms, banks, investment advisors, third party administrators and other financial intermediaries.
Each investor’s personal situation is different and you may wish to discuss with your selling and/or servicing agent which share class is best for you. Your authorized selling and/or servicing agent can help you to determine which share class(es) is available to you and to decide which share class best meets your needs.
Eligible Investors and Minimum Initial | Investment Limits | Conversion Features | ||||
Class A* | Available to the general public for investment; minimum initial investment is $2,000 for most investors.(e) | none | none | |||
Class B* | Closed to new investors.(h) | up to $49,999 | Converts to Class A shares generally eight years after purchase.(i) | |||
Class C* | Available to the general public for investment; minimum initial investment is $2,000 for most investors.(e) | up to $999,999; no limit for eligible employee benefit plans.(j) | none | |||
Class E | Closed to new investors and new accounts.(k) | none | none | |||
Class F | Closed to new investors and new accounts.(k) | up to $250,000.(l) | Converts to Class E shares eight years after purchase.(i) | |||
Class I* | Available only to the Funds (i.e., Fund-of-Fund investments). | none | none | |||
Class R* | Available only to eligible retirement plans and health savings accounts; no minimum initial investment. | none | none |
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Eligible Investors and Minimum Initial | Investment Limits | Conversion Features | ||||
Class R3* | Effective after the close of business on December 31, 2010, Class R3 shares are closed to new investors; available only to qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, 501(c)(3) charitable organizations, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, 529 plans, and health savings accounts.(n) | none | none | |||
Class R4* | Effective after the close of business on December 31, 2010, Class R4 shares are closed to new investors; available only to qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, 501(c)(3) charitable organizations, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, 529 plans, and health savings accounts.(n) | none | none | |||
Class R5* | Effective after the close of business on December 31, 2010, Class R5 shares are closed to new investors; available only to qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, 501(c)(3) charitable organizations, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, 529 plans, health savings accounts and, if approved by the Distributor, institutional or corporate accounts above a threshold established by the Distributor (currently $1 million per Fund or $10 million in all Funds) and bank trust departments.(n) | none | none | |||
Class T | Available only to investors who received (and who have continuously held) Class T shares in connection with the merger of certain Galaxy funds into various Columbia funds (formerly named Liberty funds). | none | none | |||
Class W* | Available only to investors purchasing through authorized investment programs managed by investment professionals, including discretionary managed account programs. | none | none | |||
Class Y* | Available to certain categories of investors which are subject to minimum initial investment requirements; currently offered only to former shareholders of the former Columbia Funds Institutional Trust.(q) | none | none | |||
Class Z* | Available only to certain eligible investors, which are subject to different minimum initial investment requirements, ranging from $0 to $2,000. | none | none |
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Front-End Sales Charges(b) | Contingent Deferred Sales Charges (CDSCs)(b) | |||
Class A* | 5.75% maximum, declining to 0.00% on investments of $1 million or more.
None for money market Funds and certain other Funds.(f) | CDSC on certain investments of between $1 million and $50 million redeemed within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months of purchase.(g) | ||
Class B* | none | 5.00% maximum, gradually declining to 0.00% after six years.(i) | ||
Class C* | none | 1.00% on certain investments redeemed within one year of purchase. | ||
Class E | 4.50% maximum, declining to 0.00% on investments of $500,000 or more. | 1.00% on certain investments of between $1 million and $50 million redeemed within one year of purchase. | ||
Class F | none | 5.00% maximum, gradually declining to 0.00% after six years. | ||
Class I* | none | none | ||
Class R* | none | none | ||
Class R3* | none | none | ||
Class R4* | none | none | ||
Class R5* | none | none | ||
Class T | 5.75% maximum, declining to 0.00% on investments of $1 million or more. | CDSC on certain investments of between $1 million and $50 million redeemed within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months of purchase.(p) | ||
Class W* | none | none | ||
Class Y* | none | none | ||
Class Z* | none | none |
Maximum Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees(c) | Non 12b-1 Service Fees(d) | |||
Class A* | Legacy Columbia funds: distribution fee up to 0.25% and service fee up to 0.25%;
Legacy RiverSource funds: 0.25% distribution and service fees, except Columbia Money Market Fund, which pays 0.10%. | none | ||
Class B* | 0.75% distribution fee and 0.25% service fee, with certain exceptions.(c) | none | ||
Class C* | 0.75% distribution fee; 0.25% service fee. | none | ||
Class E | 0.10% distribution fee and 0.25% service fee, with certain exceptions.(c) | none | ||
Class F | 0.75% distribution fee; 0.25% service fee. | none | ||
Class I* | none | none | ||
Class R* | Legacy Columbia funds: 0.50% distribution fee;
Legacy RiverSource funds: 0.50% fee, of which service fee can be up to 0.25%. | none | ||
Class R3* | 0.25% distribution fee | 0.25%(m) | ||
Class R4* | none | 0.25%(m) |
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Maximum Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees(c) | Non 12b-1 Service Fees(d) | |||
Class R5* | none | none | ||
Class T | none | up to 0.50%.(o) | ||
Class W* | 0.25% distribution and service fees, with certain exceptions.(c) | none | ||
Class Y* | none | none | ||
Class Z* | none | none |
* | For money market Funds, new investments must be made in Class A, Class I, Class T, Class W or Class Z shares, subject to eligibility. Class C and Class R shares of the money market Funds are available as a new investment only to investors in the Distributor’s proprietary 401(k) products, provided that such investor is eligible to invest in the Class and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper. The money market Funds offer other classes of shares only to facilitate exchanges with other Funds offering such share classes. |
(a) | See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders for more details on the eligible investors and minimum initial and subsequent investment and account balance requirements. |
(b) | Actual front-end sales charges and CDSCs vary among the Funds. For more information on applicable sales charges, see Choosing a Share Class – Sales Charges and Commissions, and for information about certain exceptions to these sales charge policies, see Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges. |
(c) | These are the maximum applicable distribution and/or shareholder service fees. Because these fees are paid out of Fund assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of distribution and/or shareholder service fees. For Legacy Columbia funds with Class A shares subject to both a distribution and service fee, the aggregate fees are limited to not more than 0.25%. Columbia Money Market Fund (formerly RiverSource Cash Management Fund) pays up to 0.75% distribution fee and up to 0.10% service fee on Class B shares, and 0.10% distribution and service fees on Class W shares. Columbia Money Market Fund pays a distribution and service fee of up to 0.10% on Class A shares, up to 0.75% distribution fee and up to 0.10% service fee on Class B shares, and 0.10% distribution and servicing fees on Class W shares. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive all or a portion of distribution and/or service fees for certain classes of certain Funds. For information on these waivers, see Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees. Compensation paid to selling and/or servicing agents may be suspended to the extent of the Distributor’s waiver of the 12b-1 fees on these specific Fund share classes. |
(d) | For more information, see Class R3 and Class R4 Shares – Plan Administration Fees and Class T Shares – Shareholder Service Fees. |
(e) | The minimum initial investment requirement is $5,000 for RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund and Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund, and $10,000 for Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund, Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund and Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund. For more details on the minimum initial investment requirement applicable to other Funds, see Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders. |
(f) | The following Funds are not subject to a front-end sales charge or a CDSC on Class A shares: Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund, and RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund. |
(g) | There is no CDSC on Class A shares of the money market Funds or the Funds identified in footnote (f) above. Legacy Columbia fund Class A shareholders who purchased Class A shares without an initial sales charge because their accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase and who purchased shares on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase and redemptions after one year will not be subject to a CDSC. |
(h) | The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except through reinvestment of dividend and/or capital gain distributions by existing Class B shareholders, or a permitted exchange, as described in more detail under Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders – Buying Shares – Class B Shares Closed. Unless contrary instructions are received in advance by the Fund, any purchase orders (except those submitted by a selling and/or servicing agent through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) that are initial investments in Class B shares or that are orders for additional Class B shares of the Fund received from existing investors in Class B shares, including orders made through an active systematic investment plan, will automatically be invested in Class A shares of the Fund, without regard to the normal minimum initial investment requirement for Class A shares, but subject to the applicable front-end sales charge. Your selling and/or servicing agent may have different polices, including automatically redirecting the purchase order to a money market fund. See Choosing a Share Class – Class A Shares – Front-end Sales Charge for additional information about Class A shares. |
(i) | Timing of conversion and CDSC schedule will vary depending on the Fund and the date of your original purchase of Class B shares. For more information on the timing of conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares, see Choosing a Share Class – Class B Shares – Conversion of Class B Shares to Class A Shares. Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund do not convert to Class A shares. For information on the timing of the conversion of Class F shares to Class E shares, see Choosing a Share Class – Class F Shares – Commissions and Conversion to Class E Shares. |
(j) | There is no investment limit on Class C shares purchased by employee benefit plans created under section 401(a), 401(k), 457 and 403(b), and qualified deferred compensation plans, that have a plan level or omnibus account maintained with the Fund or the Transfer Agent and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper. |
(k) | The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class E or Class F shares, except that existing Class E and/or Class F shareholders who opened and funded their account prior to September 22, 2006 may continue to invest in Class E and/or Class F shares, as described in more detail under Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders – Buying Shares – Class E and Class F Shares Closed. Class E and Class F shares are designed for investors who wish to make an irrevocable gift to a child, grandchild or other individual. |
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(l) | If you hold Class F shares of the Fund and your account has a value of less than $250,000, you may purchase additional Class F shares of the Fund in amounts that increase your account value up to a maximum of $250,000. The value of your account, for this purpose, includes the value of all Class F shares in eligible accounts held by you and your “immediate family.” For more information about account value aggregation and eligible accounts, see Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges. If you have reached the $250,000 limit, any additional amounts you invest in Class F shares of the Fund will be invested in Class E shares of the Fund, without regard to the normal minimum investment amount required for Class E shares. Such investments will, however, be subject to the applicable front-end sales charge. |
(m) | For more information, see Class R3 and Class R4 Shares – Plan Administration Fees. |
(n) | Shareholders who opened and funded a Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 shares account with a Fund as of the close of business on December 31, 2010 (including accounts once funded that subsequently reached a zero balance) may continue to make additional purchases of the share class, and existing Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 accounts may continue to allow new investors or participants to be established in their Fund account. For more information on eligible investors in these share classes and the closing of these share classes, see Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class R3 Shares, R4 Shares and Class R5 Shares. |
(o) | For more information, see Class T Shares – Shareholder Service Fees. |
(p) | Class T Shareholders who purchased Class T shares without a front-end sales charge because their accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of the purchase and who purchased shares on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase and redemptions after one year will not be subject to a CDSC. |
(q) | Class Y shares are available only to the following categories of investors: (i) individual investors and institutional clients (endowments, foundations, defined benefit plans, etc.) that invest at least $1 million in Class Y shares of a single Fund and (ii) group retirement plans (including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans) with plan assets of at least $10 million. |
Sales Charges and Commissions
Sales charges, commissions and distribution and service fees (discussed in a separate sub-section below) compensate selling and/or servicing agents, and typically your financial advisor, for selling shares to you and for maintaining and servicing the shares held in your account with them. These charges, commissions and fees are intended to provide incentives for selling and/or servicing agents to provide these services.
Depending on which share class you choose, you will pay these charges either at the outset as a front-end sales charge, at the time you sell your shares as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) and/or over time in the form of increased ongoing fees. Whether the ultimate cost is higher for one class over another depends on the amount you invest, how long you hold your shares and whether you are eligible for reduced or waived sales charges. We encourage you to consult with a financial advisor who can help you with your investment decisions.
Class A Shares – Front-End Sales Charge
You’ll pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class A shares (other than shares of a money market Fund and certain other Funds) unless you qualify for a waiver of the sales charge or you buy the shares through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for more information.
The Distributor receives the sales charge and re-allows (or pays) a portion of the sales charge to the selling and/or servicing agent through which you purchased the shares. The Distributor retains the balance of the sales charge. The Distributor retains the full sales charge you pay when you purchase shares of the Fund directly from the Fund (not through a selling and/or servicing agent). Sales charges vary depending on the amount of your purchase.
FUNDamentalsTM
Front-End Sales Charge Calculation
The following tables present the front-end sales charge as a percentage of both the offering price and the net amount invested.
• | The offering price per share is the net asset value per share plus any front-end sales charge that applies. |
• | The net asset value (or NAV) per share is the price of a share calculated by the Fund every business day. |
The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares you buy (based on the applicable sales charge in the table) and the net asset value of those shares.
To determine the front-end sales charge you will pay when you buy your shares, the Fund will add the amount of your investment to the value of your account (and any other accounts eligible for aggregation of which you or your financial advisor notify the Fund) and base the sales charge on the aggregate amount. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/ Waivers of Sales Charges for a discussion of account value aggregation. There is no initial sales charge on reinvested dividend or capital gain distributions.
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The front-end sales charge you’ll pay on Class A shares:
• | depends on the amount you’re investing (generally, the larger the investment, the smaller the percentage sales charge), and |
• | is based on the total amount of your purchase and the value of your account (and any other accounts eligible for aggregation of which you or your financial advisor notify the Fund). |
Class A Shares — Front-End Sales Charge — Breakpoint Schedule
Breakpoint Schedule For: | Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | ||||||||||
Equity Funds and Funds-of Funds (equity)* | $0 – $49,999 $50,000 – $99,999 $100,000 – $249,999 $250,000 – $499,999 $500,000 – $999,999 $1,000,000 or more |
| 5.75 4.50 3.50 2.50 2.00 0.00 | % % % % % % |
| 6.10 4.71 3.63 2.56 2.04 0.00 | % % % % % % |
| 5.00 3.75 3.00 2.15 1.75 0.00 | % % % % % %(c)(d) | ||||
Fixed Income Funds (except those listed below) and Funds-of-Funds (fixed income)* | $0 – $49,999 $50,000 – $99,999 $100,000 – $249,999 $250,000 – $499,999 $500,000 – $999,999 $1,000,000 or more |
| 4.75 4.25 3.50 2.50 2.00 0.00 | % % % % % % |
| 4.99 4.44 3.63 2.56 2.04 0.00 | % % % % % % |
| 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.15 1.75 0.00 | % % % % % %(c)(d) | ||||
Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund, Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund, RiverSource Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Limited Duration Credit Fund and RiverSource Short Duration U.S. Government Fund | $0 – $99,999 $100,000 – $249,999 $250,000 – $499,999 $500,000 – $999,999 $1,000,000 or more |
| 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 0.00 | % % % % % |
| 3.09 2.56 2.04 1.52 0.00 | % % % % % |
| 2.50 2.15 1.75 1.25 0.00 | % % % % %(c)(d) |
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Class A Shares — Front-End Sales Charge — Breakpoint Schedule
Breakpoint Schedule For: | Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | ||||||||||||
Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio, Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Total Return Bond Fund and Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 – $99,999 | 3.25 | % | 3.36 | % | 2.75 | % | ||||||||
$ $ | 100,000 – 249,999 | | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.15 | % | ||||||||
$ $ | 250,000 – 499,999 | | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | ||||||||
$ $ | 500,000 – 999,999 | | 1.50 | % | 1.53 | % | 1.25 | % | ||||||||
$ | 1,000,000 or more | | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) | ||||||||
Columbia Short-Term Bond Fund and Columbia Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 –$99,999 | 1.00 | % | 1.01 | % | 0.75 | % | ||||||||
$ $ | 100,000 – 249,999 | | 0.75 | % | 0.76 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||||
$ $ | 250,000 – 999,999 | | 0.50 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.40 | % | ||||||||
$ | 1,000,000 or more | | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) |
* | The following Funds are not subject to a front-end sales charge or a CDSC on Class A shares: Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund and RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund. “Funds-of-Funds (equity)” includes — Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, Columbia Portfolio Builder Aggressive Fund, Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Aggressive Fund, Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Fund, Columbia Portfolio Builder Total Equity Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2010 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2015 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2020 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2025 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2030 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2035 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2040 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2045 Fund, Seligman TargETFund 2045, Seligman TargETFund 2035, Seligman TargETFund 2025, Seligman TargETFund 2015 and Seligman TargETFund Core. “Funds-of-Funds (fixed income)” includes — Columbia Income Builder Fund, Columbia Income Builder Fund II, Columbia Income Builder Fund III, Columbia Portfolio Builder Conservative Fund and Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Conservative Fund. Columbia Asset Allocation Fund, Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II, Columbia Balanced Fund and Columbia Liberty Fund are treated as equity Funds for purposes of the table. |
(a) | Purchase amounts and account values may be aggregated among all eligible Fund accounts for the purposes of this table. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/ Waivers of Sales Charges for a discussion of account value aggregation. |
(b) | Because the offering price is calculated to two decimal places, the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and your net amount invested for any particular purchase of Fund shares may be higher or lower depending on whether downward or upward rounding was required during the calculation process. Purchase price includes the sales charge. |
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(c) | Although there is no sales charge for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more, and therefore no re-allowance, the Distributor may pay selling and/or servicing agents the following amounts out of its own resources (except for the Funds listed below): 1.00% on purchases from $1 million up to but not including $3 million; 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million; and 0.25% on amounts of $50 million or more. The Distributor may be reimbursed if a CDSC is deducted when the shares are redeemed. Currently, the Distributor does not make such payments on purchases of the following Funds for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more: Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund, Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund and RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund. |
(d) | For eligible employee benefit plans, selling and/or servicing agents are eligible to receive from the Distributor the following sales commissions on purchases that are coded as commission-eligible trades: 1.00% on all purchases up to but not including $3 million, including those in amounts of less than $1 million; up to 0.50% on all purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million; and up to 0.25% on all purchases of $50 million or more. |
Class A Shares — CDSC
In some cases, you’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class A shares that you bought without an initial sales charge.
• | If you bought Class A shares without an initial sales charge because your accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase, you will incur a CDSC if you redeem those shares in accordance with the following policies: |
• | Columbia fund shareholders who purchased shares of a legacy Columbia fund on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase. |
• | Fund shareholders who purchased shares after September 3, 2010 will incur a CDSC if those shares are redeemed within 18 months of purchase, which is charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if shares are redeemed within12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if shares are redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase. |
• | Subsequent Class A share purchases that bring your aggregate account value to $1 million or more (but less than $50 million) will also be subject to a CDSC if you redeem them within the time periods noted above. |
The CDSC on Class A shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, and |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions. |
In certain circumstances, the CDSC may not apply. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for details.
FUNDamentalsTM
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
A contingent deferred sales charge or CDSC is a sales charge applied at the time you sell your shares, unlike a front-end sales charge that is applied at the time of purchase. A CDSC varies based on the Fund and the length of time that you have held your shares.
For purposes of calculating the CDSC on shares of a Legacy Columbia fund and, for shares of a Legacy RiverSource fund purchased after the close of business on September 3, 2010, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which your purchase was made. For purposes of calculating the CDSC on shares of a Legacy RiverSource fund purchased on or before the close of business on September 3, 2010, the start of the holding period is the date your purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC, followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of investing in the Fund.
Class A Shares — Commissions
The Distributor may pay your selling and/or servicing agent an up-front commission when you buy Class A shares. The Distributor generally funds the commission through the applicable sales charge paid by you. The up-front commission on Class A shares, which varies by Fund, may be up to 5.00% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 5.75%, up to 4.00% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.75%, up to 2.75% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 3.25%, up to 2.50% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 3.00%, and up to 0.75% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 1.00%.
The Distributor may also pay your selling and/or servicing agent a cumulative commission when you buy $1 million or more of Class A shares, according to the following schedule:
Class A Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Service Agents)*
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |||
$1 million – $2,999,999 | 1.00 | %** | ||
$3 million – $49,999,999 | 0.50 | % | ||
$50 million or more | 0.25 | % |
* | Not applicable to Funds that do not assess a front-end sales charge. |
** | For eligible employee benefit plans, selling and/or servicing agents are eligible to receive from the Distributor sales commissions on purchases (that are coded as commission-eligible trades) in amounts of less than $1 million. |
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Class B Shares — Sales Charges
The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions involving existing investors in Class B shares as described in more detail below under Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class B Shares Closed.
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class B shares, but you may pay a CDSC when you sell Class B shares.
Class B Shares — CDSC
The CDSC on Class B shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares, and |
• | generally declines each year until there is no sales charge for redeeming shares. |
You’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class B shares unless you qualify for a waiver of the CDSC or the shares you’re selling were bought through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for details. Also, you will not pay a CDSC on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares. The CDSC you pay on Class B shares depends on how long you’ve held your shares:
Class B Shares — CDSC Schedule for the Funds | ||||
Applicable CDSC* | ||||
Number of Years Class B Shares Held | All Funds except those listed to the right | Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal | ||
One | 5.00% | 3.00% | ||
Two | 4.00% | 3.00% | ||
Three | 3.00%** | 2.00% | ||
Four | 3.00% | 1.00% | ||
Five | 2.00% | None | ||
Six | 1.00% | None | ||
Seven | None | None | ||
Eight | None | None | ||
Nine | Conversion to Class A Shares | Conversion to Class A Shares |
* | Because of rounding in the calculation, the actual CDSC you pay may be more or less than the CDSC calculated using these percentages. |
** | For shares purchased in a Legacy RiverSource fund (other than a Seligman fund) on or prior to June 12, 2009, the CDSC percentage for year three is 4%. |
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Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund are not subject to a CDSC.
Class B Shares – Commissions
If you are an investor who purchased Class B shares prior to their closing (except for certain limited transactions), although there was no front-end sales charge for Class B shares when you bought Class B shares, the Distributor paid an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent when you bought the Class B shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, have been paid to your financial advisor). This up-front commission, which varies across the Funds, was up to 4.00% of the net asset value per share of Funds with a maximum CDSC of 5.00% and of Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund and up to 2.75% of the net asset value per share of Funds with a maximum CDSC of 3.00%. The Distributor continues to seek to recover this commission through distribution fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution plan and any applicable CDSC paid when you sell your shares. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class B Shares – Conversion to Class A Shares
Class B shares purchased in a Legacy Columbia fund at any time, a Legacy RiverSource fund (other than a Seligman fund) at any time, or a Seligman fund on or after June 13, 2009 automatically convert to Class A shares after you’ve owned the shares for eight years, except for Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund, which do not convert to Class A shares. Class B shares originally purchased in a Seligman fund on or prior to June 12, 2009 will convert to Class A shares in the month prior to the ninth year of ownership. The conversion feature allows you to benefit from the lower operating costs of Class A shares, which can help increase your total returns from an investment in the Fund.
Class B shares purchased in a Legacy RiverSource fund (other than a Seligman fund) prior to May 21, 2005 age on a calendar year basis. Class B shares purchased in a Legacy Columbia fund at any time, Seligman fund at any time, or a Legacy RiverSource fund on or after May 21, 2005 age on a daily basis. For example, a purchase made on November 12, 2004 completed its first year on December 31, 2004 under calendar year aging, but completed its first year on November 11, 2005 under daily aging.
The following rules apply to the conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares:
• | Class B shares are converted on or about the 15th day of the month that they become eligible for conversion. For purposes of determining the month when your Class B shares are eligible for conversion, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which your purchase was made. |
• | Any shares you received from reinvested distributions on these shares generally will convert to Class A shares at the same time. |
• | You’ll receive the same dollar value of Class A shares as the Class B shares that were converted. Class B shares that you received from an exchange of Class B shares of another Fund will convert based on the day you bought the original shares. |
• | No sales charge or other charges apply, and conversions are free from U.S. federal income tax. |
Class C Shares — Sales Charges
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class C shares, but you may pay a CDSC when you sell Class C shares.
Class C Shares — CDSC
You’ll pay a CDSC of 1.00% if you redeem Class C shares within one year of buying them unless you qualify for a waiver of the CDSC or the shares you’re selling were bought through reinvested distributions. For details, see Choosing a Share Class — Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges. The CDSC on Class C shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares, and |
• | is reduced to 0.00% on shares redeemed a year or more after purchase. |
Class C Shares — Commissions
Although there is no front-end sales charge when you buy Class C shares, the Distributor pays an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent of up to 1.00% of the net asset value per share when you buy Class C shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor). The Distributor seeks to recover this commission through distribution fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution and/or service plan and any applicable CDSC applied when you sell your shares. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class E Shares — Front-End Sales Charge
You’ll pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class E shares unless you qualify for a waiver of the sales charge or you buy the shares through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for more information.
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The front-end sales charge you’ll pay on Class E shares:
• | depends on the amount you’re investing (generally, the larger the investment, the smaller the percentage sales charge), and |
• | is based on the total amount of your purchase and the value of your account. |
Class E Shares – Front-End Sales Charge – Breakpoint Schedule
Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | |||
$0 – $49,999 | 4.50% | 4.71% | 4.00% | |||
$50,000 – $99,999 | 3.50% | 3.63% | 3.00% | |||
$100,000 – $249,999 | 2.50% | 2.56% | 2.00% | |||
$250,000 – $499,999 | 1.25% | 1.27% | 1.00% | |||
$500,000 – $999,999 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | |||
$1,000,000 or more | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00%(c) |
(a) | Purchase amounts and account values are aggregated among all eligible Fund accounts for the purposes of this table. |
(b) | Because the offering price is calculated to two decimal places, the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and your net amount invested for any particular purchase of Fund shares may be higher or lower depending on whether downward or upward rounding was required during the calculation process. |
(c) | Although there is no sales charge for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more, and therefore no re-allowance, the Distributor may pay selling and/or servicing agents the following out of its own resources: 1.00% on purchases up to but not including $3 million, 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $5 million and 0.25% on purchases of $5 million or more. The Distributor pays selling and/or servicing agents on investments of $1 million or more, but may be reimbursed if a CDSC is deducted when the shares are sold. |
Class E Shares – CDSC
In some cases, you’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class E shares that you bought without an initial sales charge.
• | If you bought Class E shares without an initial sales charge because your accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase, you will incur a 1.00% CDSC if you redeem those shares within one year of buying them. |
• | Subsequent Class E share purchases that bring your aggregate account value to $1 million or more (but less than $50 million) will also be subject to a CDSC if you redeem them within one year of buying them. |
The CDSC on Class E shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, and |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares. |
For purposes of calculating the CDSC, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which the purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your Class E shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of your investment in the Funds.
The Distributor may pay your selling and/or servicing agent an up-front commission of up to 4.00% of the offering price per share when you buy Class E shares. The Distributor funds the commission through the applicable sales charge paid by you.
Class E Shares – Commissions
The Distributor may also pay your selling and/or servicing agent a cumulative commission when you buy Class E shares, according to the following schedule:
Class E Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Servicing Agents)
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |||
$0 – $2,999,999 | 1.00 | % | ||
$3 million – $4,999,999 | 0.50 | % | ||
$5 million or more | 0.25 | % |
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Class F Shares – Sales Charges
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class F shares, but you may pay a CDSC when you sell Class F shares. The CDSC on Class F shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares, and |
• | generally declines each year until there is no sales charge for redeeming shares. |
For purposes of calculating the CDSC, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which your purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your Class F shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC, followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of your investment in the Funds.
Class F Shares – CDSC
The CDSC you pay on Class F shares depends on how long you’ve held your shares:
Class F Shares – CDSC Schedule
Number of Years Class F Shares Held | Applicable CDSC* | |
One | 5.00% | |
Two | 4.00% | |
Three | 3.00% | |
Four | 3.00% | |
Five | 2.00% | |
Six | 1.00% | |
Seven | None | |
Eight | None | |
Nine | Conversion to Class E Shares |
* | Because of rounding in the calculation, the actual CDSC you pay may be more or less than the CDSC calculated using these percentages. |
Class F Shares – Commissions and Conversion to Class E Shares
Although there is no front-end sales charge when you buy Class F shares, the Distributor pays an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent of up to 4.00% of the net asset value per share when you buy Class F shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor). The Distributor seeks to recover this commission through distribution fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution plan and any applicable CDSC when you sell your shares. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class F shares automatically convert to Class E shares after you’ve owned them for eight years. This conversion feature allows you to benefit from the lower operating costs of Class E shares, which can help increase your total returns from an investment in the Fund.
The following rules apply to the conversion of Class F shares to Class E shares:
• | Class F shares are converted on or about the 15th day of the month that they become eligible for conversion. |
• | Any shares you received from reinvested distributions on these shares generally will convert to Class E shares at the same time. |
• | You’ll receive the same dollar value of Class E shares as the Class F shares that were converted. Class F shares that you received from an exchange of Class F shares of another Fund will convert based on the day you bought the original shares. |
• | No sales charge or other charges apply, and conversions are free from U.S. federal income tax. |
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Class R Shares – Sales Charges and Commissions
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class R shares of the Fund or a CDSC when you sell Class R shares of the Fund. See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders for more information about investing in Class R shares of the Fund. The Distributor pays an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent when you buy Class R shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor), according to the following schedule:
Class R Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Servicing Agents)
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |||
$0 – $49,999,999 | 0.50 | % | ||
$50 million or more | 0.25 | % |
The Distributor seeks to recover this commission through distribution and/or service fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution and/or service plan. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class T Shares – Front-End Sales Charge
You’ll pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class T shares unless you qualify for a waiver of the sales charge or you buy the shares through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for more information.
The front-end sales charge you’ll pay on Class T shares:
• | depends on the amount you’re investing (generally, the larger the investment, the smaller the percentage sales charge), and |
• | is based on the total amount of your purchase and the value of your account. |
Class T Shares – Front-End Sales Charge – Breakpoint Schedule
Breakpoint Schedule For: | Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | ||||||||||||
Equity Funds | $0 – $49,999 | 5.75 | % | 6.10 | % | 5.00 | % | |||||||||
$50,000 – $99,999 | 4.50 | % | 4.71 | % | 3.75 | % | ||||||||||
$100,000 – $249,999 | 3.50 | % | 3.63 | % | 2.75 | % | ||||||||||
$250,000 – $499,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.00 | % | ||||||||||
$500,000 – $999,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | ||||||||||
$1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) | ||||||||||
Fixed Income Funds | $0 – $49,999 | 4.75 | % | 4.99 | % | 4.25 | % | |||||||||
$50,000 – $99,999 | 4.50 | % | 4.71 | % | 3.75 | % | ||||||||||
$100,000 – $249,999 | 3.50 | % | 3.63 | % | 2.75 | % | ||||||||||
$250,000 – $499,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.00 | % | ||||||||||
$500,000 – $999,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | ||||||||||
$1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) |
(a) | Purchase amounts and account values are aggregated among all eligible Fund accounts for the purposes of this table. |
(b) | Because the offering price is calculated to two decimal places, the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and your net amount invested for any particular purchase of Fund shares may be higher or lower depending on whether downward or upward rounding was required during the calculation process. |
(c) | Although there is no sales charge for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more, and therefore no re-allowance, the Distributor may pay selling and/or servicing agents the following amounts out of its own resources: 1.00% on purchases of $1 million up to but not including $3 million, 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million and 0.25% on purchases of $50 million or more. The Distributor pays selling and/or servicing agents on investments of $1 million or more, but may be reimbursed if a CDSC is deducted when the shares are sold. |
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(d) | For eligible employee benefit plans, selling and/or servicing agents are eligible to receive from the Distributor the following sales commissions on purchases that are coded as commission-eligible trades: 1.00% on purchases up to but not including $3 million (including those in amounts of less than $1 million), up to 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million, and up to 0.25% on purchases of $50 million or more. |
Class T Shares – CDSC
In some cases, you’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class T shares that you bought without an initial sales charge.
• | If you bought Class T shares without a front-end sales charge because your accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase, you will incur a CDSC if you redeem those shares in accordance with the following policies: |
• | Shareholders who purchased shares of a Legacy Columbia fund on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase. |
• | Shareholders who purchased shares of a Fund after September 3, 2010 will incur a CDSC if those shares are redeemed within 18 months of purchase, which is charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if shares are redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if shares are redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months of purchase. |
• | Subsequent Class T share purchases that bring your aggregate account value to $1 million or more (but less than $50 million) will also be subject to a CDSC if you redeem them within one year of purchase. |
The CDSC on Class T shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, and |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares. |
For purposes of calculating the CDSC, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which the purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your Class T shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC, followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of your investment in the Funds.
In certain circumstances, the CDSC may not apply. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for details.
Class T Shares – Commissions
The Distributor may pay your selling and/or servicing agent an up-front commission when you buy Class T shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor). The up-front commission, which varies by Fund, may be up to 5.00% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 5.75% and up to 4.25% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.75%.
The Distributor may also pay your selling and/or servicing agent a cumulative commission when you buy $1 million or more of Class T shares, according to the following schedule:
Class T Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Servicing Agents)
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |||
$1 million – $2,999,999 | 1.00 | % | ||
$3 million – $49,999,999 | 0.50 | % | ||
$50 million or more | 0.25 | % |
Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges
Front-End Sales Charge Reductions
There are two ways in which you may be able to reduce the front-end sales charge that you may pay when you buy Class A, Class E or Class T shares of a Fund. These types of sales charge reductions are also referred to as breakpoint discounts.
First, through the right of accumulation (ROA), you may combine the value of eligible accounts maintained by you and members of your immediate family to reach a breakpoint discount level and apply a lower sales charge to your purchase. To calculate the combined value of your accounts in the particular class of shares, the Fund will use the current public offering price per share. For purposes of obtaining a Class A shares breakpoint discount through ROA, you may aggregate your or your immediate family members’ ownership of different classes of shares, except for Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares of the Funds, which may not be aggregated.
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Second, by making a statement of intent to purchase additional shares (commonly referred to as a letter of intent (LOI)), you may pay a lower sales charge on all purchases (including existing ROA purchases) of Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares made within 13 months of the date of your LOI. Your LOI must state the aggregate amount of purchases you intend to make in that 13-month period, which must be at least $50,000. The required form of LOI may vary by selling and/or servicing agent, so please contact them directly for more information. Five percent of the purchase commitment amount will be placed in escrow. At the end of the 13-month period, the shares will be released from escrow, provided that you have invested the commitment amount. If you do not invest the purchase commitment amount by the end of the 13 months, the remaining amount of the unpaid sales charge will be redeemed from the escrowed shares and the remaining balance released from escrow. To calculate the total value of the purchases you’ve made under an LOI, the Fund will use the historic cost (i.e., dollars invested) of the shares held in each eligible account. For purposes of making an LOI to purchase additional shares, you may aggregate your ownership of different classes of shares, except for Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares of the Funds, which may not be aggregated.
You must request the reduced sales charge (whether through ROA or an LOI) when you buy shares. If you do not complete and file an LOI, or do not request the reduced sales charge at the time of purchase, you will not be eligible for the reduced sales charge. To obtain a breakpoint discount, you must notify your selling and/or servicing agent in writing at the time you buy your shares of each eligible account maintained by you and members of your immediate family, including accounts maintained through different selling and/or servicing agents. You and your selling and/or servicing agent are responsible for ensuring that you receive discounts for which you are eligible. The Fund is not responsible for a selling and/or servicing agent’s failure to apply the eligible discount to your account. You may be asked by your selling and/or servicing agent for account statements or other records to verify your discount eligibility, including, when applicable, records for accounts opened with a different selling and/or servicing agent and records of accounts established by members of your immediate family.
FUNDamentalsTM
Your “Immediate Family” and Account Value Aggregation
For purposes of reaching the Class F shares investment limits described in Choosing a Share Class – Comparison of the Share Classes or obtaining a Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares breakpoint discount, the value of your account will be deemed to include the value of all applicable shares in eligible accounts that are held by you and your “immediate family,” which includes your spouse, domestic partner, parent, step-parent, legal guardian, child, step-child, father-in-law and mother-in-law, provided that you and your immediate family members share the same mailing address. Any Fund accounts linked together for account value aggregation purposes as of the close of business on September 3, 2010 will be permitted to remain linked together. Remember that in order to obtain a breakpoint discount, you must notify your selling and/or servicing agent in writing at the time you buy your shares of each eligible account maintained by you and members of your immediate family. Group plan accounts are valued at the plan level.
Eligible Accounts
The following accounts are eligible for account value aggregation as described above:
• | Individual or joint accounts; |
• | Roth and traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), Simplified Employee Pension accounts (SEPs), Savings Investment Match Plans for Employees of Small Employers accounts (SIMPLEs) and Tax Sheltered Custodial Accounts (TSCAs); |
• | Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA)/Uniform Transfers to Minors (UTMA) accounts for which you, your spouse, or your domestic partner is parent or guardian of the minor child; |
• | Revocable trust accounts for which you or an immediate family member, individually, is the beneficial owner/grantor; |
• | Accounts held in the name of your, your spouse’s, or your domestic partner’s sole proprietorship or single owner limited liability company or S corporation; |
• | Qualified retirement plan assets, provided that you are the sole owner of the business sponsoring the plan, are the sole participant (other than a spouse) in the plan, and have no intention of adding participants to the plan; and |
• | Investments in wrap accounts; |
provided that each of the accounts identified above is invested in Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class W and/or Class Z shares of the Funds.
The following accounts are not eligible for account value aggregation as described above:
• | Accounts of pension and retirement plans with multiple participants, such as 401(k) plans (which are combined to reduce the sales charge for the entire pension or retirement plan and therefore are not used to reduce the sales charge for your individual accounts); |
• | Accounts invested in Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares of the Funds; |
• | Investments in 529 plans, donor advised funds, variable annuities, variable life insurance products, or managed separate accounts; |
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• | Charitable and irrevocable trust accounts; and |
• | Accounts holding shares of money market Funds that used the Columbia brand before May 1, 2010. |
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
The following categories of investors may buy Class A, Class E and Class T shares of the Funds at net asset value, without payment of any front-end sales charge that would otherwise apply:
• | Current or retired Fund Board members, officers or employees of the Funds or Columbia Management or its affiliates(1); |
• | Current or retired Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. financial advisors and employees of such financial advisors(1); |
• | Registered representatives and other employees of affiliated or unaffiliated selling and/or servicing agent having a selling agreement with the Distributor(1); |
• | Registered broker/dealer firms that have entered into a dealer agreement with the Distributor may buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge for their investment account only; |
• | Portfolio managers employed by subadvisers of the Funds(1); |
• | Partners and employees of outside legal counsel to the Funds or the Funds’ directors or trustees who regularly provide advice and services to the Funds, or to their directors or trustees; |
• | Direct rollovers from qualified employee benefit plans, provided that the rollover involves a transfer to Class A shares in the same Fund; |
• | Purchases made: |
• | With dividend or capital gain distributions from a Fund or from the same class of another Fund; |
• | Through or under a wrap fee product or other investment product sponsored by a selling and/or servicing agent that charges an account management fee or other managed agency/asset allocation accounts or programs involving fee-based compensation arrangements that have or that clear trades through a selling and/or servicing agent that has a selling agreement with the Distributor; |
• | Through state sponsored college savings plans established under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code; or |
• | Through banks, trust companies and thrift institutions, acting as fiduciaries; |
• | Separate accounts established and maintained by an insurance company which are exempt from registration under Section 3(c)(11); |
• | Purchases made through “employee benefit plans” created under section 401(a), 401(k), 457 and 403(b), and qualified deferred compensation plans that have a plan level or omnibus account maintained with the Fund or the Transfer Agent and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper; and |
• | At the Fund’s discretion, front-end sales charges may be waived for shares issued in plans of reorganization, such as mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Fund is a party. |
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Funds may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. Unless you provide your selling and/or servicing agent with information in writing about all of the factors that may count toward a waiver of the sales charge, there can be no assurance that you will receive all of the waivers for which you may be eligible. You should request that your selling and/or servicing agent provide this information to the Fund when placing your purchase order. Please see the Merger SAI for more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers.
(1) | Including their spouses or domestic partners, children or step-children, parents, step-parents or legal guardians, and their spouse’s or domestic partner’s parents, step-parents, or legal guardians. |
CDSC Waivers
You may be able to avoid an otherwise applicable CDSC when you sell Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F or Class T shares of the Fund. This could happen because of the way in which you originally invested in the Fund, because of your relationship with the Funds or for other reasons.
CDSC — Waivers of the CDSC for Class A, Class C, Class E, Class F and Class T shares. The CDSC will be waived on redemptions of shares:
• | in the event of the shareholder’s death; |
• | for which no sales commission or transaction fee was paid to an authorized selling and/or servicing agent at the time of purchase; |
• | purchased through reinvestment of dividend and capital gain distributions; |
• | in an account that has been closed because it falls below the minimum account balance; |
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• | that result from required minimum distributions taken from retirement accounts upon the shareholder’s attainment of age 70 1/2; |
• | that result from returns of excess contributions made to retirement plans or individual retirement accounts, so long as the selling and/or servicing agent returns the applicable portion of any commission paid by the Distributor; |
• | of Class A shares of a Fund initially purchased by an employee benefit plan; |
• | other than Class A shares, of a Fund initially purchased by an employee benefit plan that are not connected with a plan level termination; |
• | in connection with the Fund’s Small Account Policy (which is described below in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies); |
• | at a Fund’s discretion, issued in connection with plans of reorganization, including but not limited to mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Fund is a party; and |
• | by certain other investors as set forth in more detail in the Merger SAI. |
CDSC — Waivers of the CDSC for Class B shares. The CDSC will be waived on redemptions of shares:
• | in the event of the shareholder’s death; |
• | that result from required minimum distributions taken from retirement accounts upon the shareholder’s attainment of age 70 1/2; |
• | in connection with the Fund’s Small Account Policy (which is described below in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies); and |
• | by certain other investors, including certain institutions as set forth in more detail in the Merger SAI. |
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Distributor may, in its sole discretion, authorize the waiver of the CDSC for additional classes of investors. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases.
Please see the Merger SAI for more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here.
Repurchases
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a redemption of any Class A, B, C or T shares of the Fund (other than Columbia Money Market Fund or Columbia Government Money Market Fund) within 90 days, up to the amount of the redemption proceeds. Any CDSC paid upon redemption of your Class A, B, C or T shares of the Fund will not be reimbursed. If your original purchase was in Class T shares, you will be allowed to reinvest in the same Class T shares account and Fund you originally purchased.
To be eligible for these reinstatement privileges, the purchase must be made into an account for the same owner, but does not need to be into the same Fund from which the shares were sold. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request from you or your selling and/or servicing agent within 90 days after the shares are redeemed and the purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order. The repurchased shares will be deemed to have the original purchase date for purposes of applying the CDSC (if any) to subsequent redemptions. Systematic withdrawals and purchases are excluded from this policy.
Distribution and Service Fees
Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the applicable Board has approved, and the Funds have adopted, distribution and/or shareholder service plans which set the distribution and/or service fees that are periodically deducted from the Fund assets. These fees are calculated daily, may vary by share class and are intended to compensate the Distributor and/or eligible selling and/or servicing agents for selling shares of the Fund and providing services to investors. Because the fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, they will increase the cost of your investment over time.
The table below shows the maximum annual distribution and/or service fees (as an annual % of average daily net assets) and the combined amount of such fees applicable to each share class:
Distribution Fee | Service Fee | Combined Total | ||||||||||
Class A | up to 0.25 | % | up to 0.25 | % | up to 0.35 | %(a)(b)(c) | ||||||
Class B | 0.75 | % | .25 | % | 1.00 | %(a)(b) | ||||||
Class C | 0.75 | % | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | %(d) | ||||||
Class E | 0.10 | % | .25 | % | 0.35 | % |
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Distribution Fee | Service Fee | Combined Total | ||||||||||
Class F | 0.75 | % | .25 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Class I | none | none | None | |||||||||
Class R (Legacy Columbia funds) | 0.50 | % | — | (e) | 0.50 | % | ||||||
Class R (Legacy RiverSource funds) | up to 0.50 | % | up to 0.25 | % | 0.50 | %(e) | ||||||
Class R3 | 0.25 | % | 0.25 | %(f) | 0.50 | %(f) | ||||||
Class R4 | none | 0.25 | %(f) | 0.25 | %(f) | |||||||
Class R5 | none | None | none | |||||||||
Class T | none | 0.50 | %(g) | 0.50 | %(g) | |||||||
Class W | up to 0.25 | % | up to 0.25 | % | 0.25 | %(c) | ||||||
Class Y | none | none | none | |||||||||
Class Z | none | none | none |
(a) | As shown in the table below, the maximum distribution and service fees of Class A shares varies among the Funds, as follows: |
Funds | Maximum Class A Distribution Fee | Maximum Class A Service Fee | Maximum Class A Combined Total | |||||||
Legacy RiverSource funds (other than Columbia Money Market Fund) | Up to 0.25 | % | Up to 0.25 | % | 0.25% | |||||
Columbia Money Market Fund | — | — | 0.10% | |||||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund, Columbia Balanced Fund, Columbia Conservative High Yield Fund, Columbia Contrarian Core Fund, Columbia Disciplined Value Fund, Columbia Dividend Income Fund, Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund, Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund, Columbia Small Cap Core Fund, Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I, Columbia Technology Fund | up to 0.10 | % | up to 0.25 | % | up to 0.35%; these Funds may pay distribution and service fees up to a maximum of 0.35% of the their average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares (comprised of up to 0.10% for distribution services and up to 0.25% for shareholder liaison services) but currently limit such fees to an aggregate fee of not more than 0.25% for Class A shares. |
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Funds | Maximum Class A Distribution Fee | Maximum Class A Service Fee | Maximum Class A Combined Total | |||||||
Columbia Blended Equity Fund, Columbia Bond Fund, Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Core Bond Fund, Columbia Corporate Income Fund, Columbia Emerging Markets Fund, Columbia Federal Securities Fund, Columbia Greater China Fund, Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund, Columbia Liberty Fund, Columbia Energy and Natural Resources Fund, Columbia International Bond Fund, Columbia International Growth Fund, Columbia International Stock Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Core Fund, Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I, Columbia Strategic Investor Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund, Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund, Columbia Select Opportunities Fund, Columbia Select Small Cap Fund, Columbia Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Strategic Income Fund, Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund, Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund, Columbia World Equity Fund | — | 0.25 | % | 0.25% | ||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund, Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Tax Exempt Fund | — | 0.20 | % | 0.20% | ||||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II, Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Convertible Securities Fund, Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Global Value Fund, Columbia High Income Fund, Columbia International Value Fund, Columbia Large Cap Core Fund, Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund, Columbia Marsico Global Fund, Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Short Term Bond Fund, Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II, Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Total Return Bond Fund, Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Large Cap Value Fund, Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio, Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund, Columbia Marsico Growth Fund, Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund, Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund, Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio, Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II, Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund, Columbia Overseas Value Fund | — | — | 0.25%; these Funds pay a combined distribution and service fee pursuant to their combined distribution and shareholder servicing plan for Class A shares. |
(b) | The service fees for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of certain Funds depend on when the shares were purchased, as described below. Service Fee for Class A shares and Class B shares of Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.10% on net assets attributable to shares of these Funds issued prior to December 1, 1994 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to Fund shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.10% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the blended service fee was 0.24% of the Fund’s average net assets for each of these Funds, other than Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund, which had a blended service fee of 0.23%. Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Columbia Liberty Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.15% on net assets attributable to shares of this Fund issued prior to April 1, 1989 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for all shares that is a blend between the 0.15% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2009, the blended service fee was 0.24% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. |
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Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Columbia Strategic Income Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.15% on net assets attributable to shares of this Fund issued prior to January 1, 1993 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for all Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.15% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, the blended service fee was 0.25% of the Fund’s average net assets.
Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund, Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.20% of the average daily net asset value of all shares of such Fund class. Distribution Fee for Class B shares and Class C shares for Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund – The annual distribution fee shall be 0.65% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Class B shares and Class C shares. Fee amounts noted apply to Class B shares of the Funds other than Class B shares of Columbia Money Market Fund, which pay distribution fees of up to 0.75% and service fees of up to 0.10%, for a combined total of 0.85%.
(c) | Fee amounts noted apply to all Funds other than Columbia Money Market Fund (formerly RiverSource Cash Management Fund), which, for each of Class A and Class W shares, pays distribution and service fees of 0.10%, and for Class C shares pays distribution fees of 0.75%. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed, effective April 15, 2010, to waive the 12b-1 fees it receives from Class A, Class C, Class R (formerly Class R2) and Class W shares of Columbia Money Market Fund and from Class A, Class C and Class R (formerly Class R2) shares of Columbia Government Money Market Fund. Compensation paid to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries may be suspended to the extent of the Distributor’s waiver of the 12b-1 fees on these specific share classes of these Funds. |
(d) | The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the distribution fee for Class C shares of the following Funds so that the combined distribution and service fee (or the distribution fee for Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund) does not exceed the specified percentage annually: 0.40% for Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund; 0.45% for Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund; 0.56% for Columbia Short Term Bond Fund; 0.65% for Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund; 0.80% for Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund; 0.85% for Columbia Conservative High Yield Fund, Columbia Core Bond Fund, Columbia Corporate Income Fund, Columbia Federal Securities Fund, Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund, Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Strategic Income Fund and Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund. These arrangements may be modified or terminated by the Distributor at any time. |
(e) | Class R shares of Legacy Columbia funds pay a distribution fee pursuant to a distribution (Rule 12b-1) plan for Class R shares. The Legacy Columbia funds do not have a shareholder service plan for Class R shares. The Legacy RiverSource funds have a distribution and shareholder service plan for Class R shares, which, prior to the close of business on September 3, 2010, were known as Class R2 shares. For Legacy RiverSource fund Class R shares, the maximum fee under the plan reimbursed for distribution expenses is equal on an annual basis to 0.50% of the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to Class R shares. Of that amount, up to 0.25% may be reimbursed for shareholder service expenses. |
(f) | The shareholder service fees for Class R3 and Class R4 shares are not paid pursuant to a 12b-1 plan. Under a plan administration services agreement, the Funds’ Class R3 and Class R4 shares pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and health savings accounts. |
(g) | The shareholder servicing fees for Class T shares are up to 0.50% of average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for equity Funds (including Columbia Asset Allocation Fund) and 0.40% for fixed income Funds. The Funds currently limit such fees to a maximum of 0.30% for equity Funds and 0.15% for fixed-income Funds other than Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, for which the limit currently is 0.00%. See Class T Shareholder Service Fees below for more information. |
The distribution and/or shareholder service fees for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class R and Class W shares, as applicable, are subject to the requirements of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and are used by the Distributor to make payments, or to reimburse the Distributor for certain expenses it incurs, in connection with distributing the Fund’s shares and directly or indirectly providing services to Fund shareholders. These payments or expenses include providing distribution and/or shareholder service fees to selling and/or servicing agents that sell shares of the Fund or provide services to Fund shareholders. The Distributor may retain these fees otherwise payable to selling and/or servicing agents if the amounts due are below an amount determined by the Distributor in its discretion.
For Legacy RiverSource fund Class A, Class B and Class W shares, the Distributor begins to pay these fees immediately after purchase. For Legacy RiverSource fund Class C shares, the Distributor pays these fees in advance for the first 12 months. Selling and/or servicing agents also receive distribution fees up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets of Legacy RiverSource fund Class C shares sold and held through them, which the Distributor begins to pay 12 months after purchase. For Legacy RiverSource fund Class B shares, and, for the first 12 months following the sale of Legacy RiverSource fund Class C shares, the Distributor retains the distribution fee of up to 0.75% in order to finance the payment of sales commissions to selling and/or servicing agents, and to pay for other distribution related expenses. Selling and/or servicing agents may compensate their financial advisors with the shareholder service and distribution fees paid to them by the Distributor.
For Legacy Columbia fund Class E, Class R shares and, with the exception noted in the next sentence, Class A shares, the Distributor begins to pay these fees immediately after purchase. For Legacy Columbia fund Class B, Class F, Class A (if purchased as part of a purchase of shares of $1 million or more) and, with the exception noted in the next sentence, Class C shares, the Distributor begins to pay these fees 12 months after purchase (for Columbia fund Class B and Class F shares, and, for the first 12 months following the sale of Columbia Class C shares, the Distributor retains the distribution fee of up to 0.75% in order to finance the payment of sales
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commissions to selling and/or servicing agents, and to pay for other distribution related expenses). For Legacy Columbia fund Class C shares, selling and/or servicing agents may opt to decline payment of sales commission and, instead, may receive these fees immediately after purchase. Selling and/or servicing agents may compensate their financial advisors with the shareholder service and distribution fees paid to them by the Distributor.
If you maintain shares of the Fund directly with the Fund, without working directly with a financial advisor or selling and/or servicing agent, distribution and service fees may be retained by the Distributor as payment or reimbursement for incurring certain distribution and shareholder service related expenses.
Over time, these distribution and/or shareholder service fees will reduce the return on your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The Fund will pay these fees to the Distributor and/or to eligible selling and/or servicing agents for as long as the distribution and/or shareholder servicing plans continue in effect. The Fund may reduce or discontinue payments at any time. Your selling and/or servicing agent may also charge you other additional fees for providing services to your account, which may be different from those described here.
Class T Shareholder Service Fees
The Funds that offer Class T shares have adopted a shareholder servicing plan that permits them to pay for certain services provided to Class T shareholders by their selling and/or servicing agents. Equity Funds (including Columbia Asset Allocation Fund) may pay shareholder servicing fees up to an aggregate annual rate of 0.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares (comprised of up to 0.25% for shareholder liaison services and up to 0.25% for administrative support services), but such fees will not exceed the Fund’s net investment income attributable to Class T shares. These fees are currently limited to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.30% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative support services. Fixed income Funds may pay shareholder service fees up to an aggregate annual rate of 0.40% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares (comprised of an annual rate of up to 0.20% for shareholder liaison services and up to 0.20% for administrative support services), but such fees will not exceed the Fund’s net investment income attributable to Class T shares. These fees are currently limited to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.15% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative support services, other than Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, for which the limit currently is 0.00%.
Class R3 and Class R4 Shares Plan Administration Fee
Class R3 and Class R4 shares pay an annual plan administration services fee for the provision of various administrative, recordkeeping, communication and educational services. The fee for Class R3 and Class R4 shares is equal on an annual basis to 0.25% of average daily net assets attributable to the class.
Selling and/or Servicing Agent Compensation
The Distributor and the investment manager make payments, from their own resources, to selling and/or servicing agents, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, for marketing/sales support services relating to the Funds. Such payments are generally based upon one or more of the following factors: average net assets of the Funds sold by the Distributor attributable to that intermediary, gross sales of the Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that intermediary, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a selling and/or servicing agent charges its representatives for effecting transactions in Fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment. While the financial arrangements may vary for each intermediary, the support payments to any one intermediary are generally between 0.05% and 0.50% on an annual basis for payments based on average net assets of the Fund attributable to the intermediary, and between 0.05% and 0.25% on an annual basis for firms receiving a payment based on gross sales of the Funds attributable to the intermediary.
The Distributor and the investment manager may make payments in larger amounts or on a basis other than those described above when dealing with certain selling and/or servicing agents, including certain affiliates of Bank of America Corporation (Bank of America). Such increased payments may enable such selling and/or servicing agents to offset credits that they may provide to customers.
The Distributor, the Transfer Agent and the investment manager may also make payments to financial intermediaries, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, that provide shareholder services to retirement plans and other investment programs to compensate those selling and/or servicing agents for services they provide to such programs, including, but not limited to, sub-accounting, sub-transfer agency, similar shareholder or participant recordkeeping, shareholder or participant reporting, or shareholder or participant transaction processing.
These payments for shareholder servicing support vary by selling and/or servicing agent but generally are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.40% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares in any intermediary’s program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that pay a service fee pursuant to a plan under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and 0.45% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares in any intermediary’s program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that do not pay a service fee pursuant to a plan under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
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For all classes other than Class Y shares, the Funds may reimburse the Transfer Agent for amounts paid to selling and/or servicing agents that maintain assets in omnibus accounts, subject to an annual cap that varies among Funds. Generally, the annual cap for each Fund (other than the Columbia Acorn funds) is 0.20% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in each such account for selling and/or servicing agents that seek payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets. Please see the Merger SAI for additional information. The annual cap for Columbia Acorn funds is 0.05% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in such accounts. The amounts in excess of that reimbursed by the Fund are borne by the Distributor or the investment manager. The Distributor and the investment manager may make other payments or allow promotional incentives to broker/dealers to the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) rules and by other applicable laws and regulations.
Amounts paid by the Distributor and the investment manager and their affiliates are paid out of the Distributor’s and the investment manager’s own resources and do not increase the amount paid by you or the Fund. You can find further details in the Merger SAI about the payments made by the Distributor and the investment manager and their affiliates, as well as a list of the selling and/or servicing agents, including Ameriprise Financial affiliates, to which the Distributor and the investment manager have agreed to make marketing support payments. Your selling and/or servicing agent may charge you fees and commissions in addition to those described herein. You should consult with your selling and/or servicing agent and review carefully any disclosure your selling and/or servicing agent provides regarding its services and compensation. Depending on the financial arrangement in place at any particular time, a selling and/or servicing agent and its financial advisors may have a financial incentive for recommending the Fund or a particular share class over others.
Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares
Share Price Determination
The price you pay or receive when you buy, sell or exchange shares is the Fund’s next determined net asset value (or NAV) per share for a given share class. The Fund calculates the net asset value per share for each class of the Fund at the end of each business day.
FUNDamentalsTM |
NAV Calculation Each of the Fund’s share classes calculates its NAV per share as follows: |
(Value of assets of the share class) | ||
NAV = – (Liabilities of the share class) | ||
Number of outstanding shares of the class |
FUNDamentalsTM
Business Days
A business day is any day that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open. A business day ends at the close of regular trading on the NYSE, usually at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. If the NYSE closes early, the business day ends as of the time the NYSE closes. On holidays and other days when the NYSE is closed, the Fund’s net asset value is not calculated and the Fund does not accept buy or sell orders. However, the value of the Fund’s assets may still change on days that the NYSE is closed, including to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on days that foreign securities markets are open.
The value of the Fund’s shares is based on the total market value of all of the securities and other assets that it holds as of a specified time. The prices reported on stock exchanges and other securities markets around the world are usually used to value securities in the Fund. The Fund uses the amortized cost method, which approximates market value, to value short-term investments maturing in 60 days or less. For a Fund organized as a fund-of-funds, the assets will consist primarily of shares of the underlying funds, which are valued at their NAVs.
If a market price isn’t readily available, the Fund will determine the price of the security held by the Fund based on the investment manager’s determination of the security’s fair value. A market price is considered not readily available if, among other circumstances,
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the most recent reported price is deemed unreliable. In addition, the Fund may use fair valuation to price securities that trade on a foreign exchange when a significant event has occurred after the foreign exchange closes but before the time at which the Fund’s share price is calculated. Foreign exchanges typically close before the time at which Fund share prices are calculated, and may be closed altogether on some days when the Fund is open. Such significant events affecting a foreign security may include, but are not limited to: (1) those impacting a single issuer; (2) governmental action that affects securities in one sector or country; (3) natural disasters or armed conflicts affecting a country or region; or (4) significant domestic or foreign market fluctuations. The Fund uses various criteria, including an evaluation of U.S. market moves after the close of foreign markets, in determining whether a security’s market price is readily available and, if not, the fair value of the security.
Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Fund shares. However, when the Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Fund’s performance to diverge to a greater degree from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare the Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate. The Fund has retained one or more independent fair valuation pricing services to assist in the fair valuation process for foreign securities. International markets are sometimes open on days when U.S. markets are closed, which means that the value of foreign securities owned by the Fund could change on days when Fund shares cannot be bought or sold.
For money market Funds, the Fund’s investments are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value.
Transaction Rules and Policies
Remember that sales charges may apply to your transactions. You should also ask your selling and/or servicing agent about its rules, fees and policies for buying, selling and exchanging shares, which may be different from those described here, and about its related programs or services.
Also remember that the Fund may refuse any order to buy or exchange shares. If this happens, the Fund will return any money it received, but no interest will be paid on that money.
Order Processing
Orders to buy, sell or exchange Fund shares are processed on business days. Depending upon the class of shares, orders can be delivered by mail, by telephone or online. Orders received in “good form” by the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent before the end of a business day are priced at the Fund’s net asset value per share on that day. Orders received after the end of a business day will receive the next business day’s net asset value per share. The market value of the Fund’s investments may change between the time you submit your order and the time the Fund next calculates its net asset value per share. The business day that applies to your order is also called the trade date.
“Good Form”
An order is in “good form” if the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent has all of the information and documentation it deems necessary to effect your order. For example, when you sell shares by letter of instruction, “good form” means that your letter has (i) complete instructions and the signatures of all account owners, (ii) a Medallion Signature Guarantee (as described below) for amounts greater than $100,000 and (iii) any other required documents completed and attached. For the documents required for sales by corporations, agents, fiduciaries, surviving joint owners and other legal entities, call 800.345.6611.
Medallion Signature Guarantees
A Medallion Signature Guarantee helps assure that a signature is genuine and not a forgery. The selling and/or servicing agent providing the Medallion Signature Guarantee is financially liable for the transaction if the signature is a forgery.
Qualified customers can obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee from any financial institution – including commercial banks, credit unions and broker/dealers – that participates in one of the three Medallion Signature Guarantee programs recognized by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These Medallion Signature Guarantee programs are the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP), the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP) and the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program (MSP). Please note that a guarantee from a notary public is not acceptable.
A Medallion Signature Guarantee is required if:
• | The amount is greater than $100,000. |
• | You want your check made payable to someone other than the registered account owner(s). |
• | Your address of record has changed within the last 30 days. |
• | You want the check mailed to an address other than the address of record. |
• | You want the proceeds sent to a bank account not on file. |
• | You are the beneficiary of the account and the account owner is deceased (additional documents may be required). |
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Written Transactions
Once you have an account, you can communicate written buy, sell and exchange orders to the Transfer Agent at The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp at the following address (regular mail) P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 and (express mail) 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809.
Telephone Transactions
For Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shareholders, once you have an account, you may place orders to buy, sell or exchange shares by telephone. To place orders by telephone, call 800.422.3737. Have your account number and social security number (SSN) or taxpayer identification number (TIN) available when calling.
You can sell up to and including an aggregate of $100,000 of shares via the telephone per day, per Fund, if you qualify for telephone orders. Wire redemptions requested via the telephone are subject to a maximum of $3 million of shares per day, per Fund. You can buy up to and including $100,000 of shares per day, per Fund through your bank account as an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transaction via the telephone if you qualify for telephone orders.
Telephone orders may not be as secure as written orders. The Funds will take reasonable steps to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine. For example, we require proof of your identification before we will act on instructions received by telephone and may record telephone conversations. However, the Fund and its agents will not be responsible for any losses, costs or expenses resulting from an unauthorized telephone instruction when reasonable steps have been taken to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine. Telephone orders may be difficult to complete during periods of significant economic or market change or business interruption.
Online Transactions
Once Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shareholders have an account, they may contact the Transfer Agent at 800.345.6611 for more information on account trading restrictions and the special sign-up procedures required for online transactions. The Transfer Agent has procedures in place to authenticate electronic orders you deliver through the internet. You will be required to accept the terms of an online agreement and to establish and utilize a password in order to access online account services.
You can sell up to and including an aggregate of $100,000 of shares per day, per Fund account through the internet if you qualify for internet orders.
Customer Identification Program
U.S. Federal law requires the Fund to obtain and record specific personal information to verify your identity when you open an account. This information may include your name, address, date of birth (for individuals) and taxpayer or other government issued identification (e.g., SSN or TIN). If you fail to provide the requested information, the Fund may need to delay the date of your purchase or may be unable to open your account, which may result in a return of your investment monies. In addition, if the Fund is unable to verify your identity after your account is open, the Fund reserves the right to close your account or take other steps as deemed reasonable. The Fund will not be liable for any loss resulting from any purchase delay, application rejection or account closure due to a failure to provide proper identifying information.
Small Account Policy – Class A, B, C, T and Z Share Accounts Below $250
The Funds generally will automatically sell your shares if the value of your Fund account (treating each account of the Fund you own separately from any other account of the Fund you may own) falls below $250. If your shares are sold, the Transfer Agent will remit the sale proceeds to you. Any otherwise applicable CDSC will not be imposed on such an automatic sale of your shares. The Transfer Agent will send you written notification in advance of any automatic sale, which will provide details on how you may avoid such an automatic sale. Generally, you may avoid such an automatic sale by raising your account balance, consolidating your accounts through an exchange of shares of another Fund in which you hold shares, or setting up a Systematic Investment Plan. For more information, contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. The Transfer Agent’s contact information (toll-free number and mailing address) as well as the Funds’ website address can be found at the beginning of the section Choosing a Share Class.
The Fund may also sell your Fund shares if your selling and/or servicing agent tells us to sell your shares pursuant to arrangements made with you, and under certain other circumstances allowed under the 1940 Act.
Small Account Policy – Class A, B, C, T and Z Share Accounts Minimum Balance Fee
If the value of your Fund account (treating each account of the Fund you own separately from any other account of the Fund you may own) falls below the minimum initial investment requirement applicable to you for any reason, including as a result of market decline, your account generally will be subject to a $20 annual fee. This fee will be assessed through the automatic sale of Fund shares in your account. Any otherwise applicable CDSC will not be imposed on such an automatic sale of your shares. The Transfer Agent will
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reduce the expenses paid by the Fund by any amounts it collects from the assessment of this fee. For Funds that do not have transfer agency expenses against which to offset the amount collected through assessment of this fee, the fee will be paid directly to the Fund. The Transfer Agent will send you written notification in advance of assessing any fee, which will provide details on how you can avoid the imposition of such fee. Generally, you may avoid the imposition of such fee by raising your Fund account balance, consolidating your Fund accounts through an exchange of shares of another Fund in which you hold shares, or setting up a Systematic Investment Plan. For more information, contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. The Transfer Agent’s contact information (toll-free number and mailing address) as well as the Funds’ website address can be found at the beginning of the section Choosing a Share Class.
Each Fund reserves the right to change its minimum investment requirements. The Funds also reserve the right to lower the account size trigger point for the minimum balance fee in any year or for any class of shares when we believe it is appropriate to do so in light of declines in the market value of Fund shares, sales loads applicable to a particular class of shares, or for other reasons.
Exceptions to the Small Account Policy (Accounts Below $250 and Minimum Balance Fee)
The automatic sale of Fund shares of accounts under $250 and the annual minimum balance fee described above do not apply to shareholders of Class E, Class F, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, Class Y or Class W shares; shareholders holding their shares through broker/dealer networked accounts; wrap fee and omnibus accounts; accounts with active Systematic Investment Plans; certain qualified retirement plans; and health savings accounts. The automatic sale of Fund shares of accounts under $250 does not apply to individual retirement plans.
Small Account Policy – Broker/Dealer and Wrap Fee Accounts
The Funds may automatically redeem at any time broker/dealer networked accounts and wrap fee accounts that have account balances of $20 or less or have less than one share.
Cash Flows
The timing and magnitude of cash inflows from investors buying Fund shares could prevent the Fund from always being fully invested. Conversely, the timing and magnitude of cash outflows to investors redeeming Fund shares could require large ready reserves of uninvested cash to meet shareholder redemptions. Either situation could adversely impact the Fund’s performance.
Information Sharing Agreements
As required by Rule 22c-2 under the 1940 Act, the Funds or certain of their service providers will enter into information sharing agreements with selling and/or servicing agents, including participating life insurance companies and financial intermediaries that sponsor or offer retirement plans through which shares of the Funds are made available for purchase. Pursuant to Rule 22c-2, selling and/or servicing agents are required, upon request, to: (i) provide shareholder account and transaction information and (ii) execute instructions from the Fund to restrict or prohibit further purchases of Fund shares by shareholders who have been identified by the Fund as having engaged in transactions that violate the Fund’s excessive trading policies and procedures. See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Excessive Trading Practices for more information.
Excessive Trading Practices Policy of Non-Money Market Funds
Right to Reject or Restrict Share Transaction Orders — The Fund is intended for investors with long-term investment purposes and is not intended as a vehicle for frequent trading activity (market timing) that is excessive. Investors should transact in Fund shares primarily for investment purposes. The Board has adopted excessive trading policies and procedures that are designed to deter excessive trading by investors (the Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures). The Fund discourages and does not accommodate excessive trading.
The Fund reserves the right to reject, without any prior notice, any buy or exchange order for any reason, and will not be liable for any loss resulting from rejected orders. For example, the Fund may in its discretion restrict or reject a buy or exchange order even if the transaction is not subject to the specific exchange limitation described below if the Fund or its agents determine that accepting the order could interfere with efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio or is otherwise contrary to the Fund’s best interests. The Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures apply equally to buy or exchange transactions communicated directly to the Transfer Agent and to those received by selling and/or servicing agents.
Specific Buying and Exchanging Limitations — If a Fund detects that an investor has made two “material round trips” in any 28-day period, it will generally reject the investor’s future buy orders, including exchange buy orders, involving any Fund.
For these purposes, a “round trip” is a purchase or exchange into the Fund followed by a sale or exchange out of the Fund, or a sale or exchange out of the Fund followed by a purchase or exchange into the Fund. A “material” round trip is one that is deemed by the Fund to be material in terms of its amount or its potential detrimental impact on the Fund. Independent of this limit, the Fund may, in its discretion, reject future buy orders by any person, group or account that appears to have engaged in any type of excessive trading activity.
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These limits generally do not apply to automated transactions or transactions by registered investment companies that invest in the Fund using a “fund-of-funds” structure. These limits do not apply to payroll deduction contributions by retirement plan participants, transactions initiated by a retirement plan sponsor or certain other retirement plan transactions consisting of rollover transactions, loan repayments and disbursements, and required minimum distribution redemptions. They may be modified or rescinded for accounts held by certain retirement plans to conform to plan limits, for considerations relating to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or regulations of the Department of Labor, and for certain asset allocation or wrap programs. Accounts known to be under common ownership or control generally will be counted together, but accounts maintained or managed by a common intermediary generally will not be considered to be under common ownership or control. The Fund retains the right to modify these restrictions at any time without prior notice to shareholders.
Limitations on the Ability to Detect and Prevent Excessive Trading Practices — The Fund takes various steps designed to detect and prevent excessive trading, including daily review of available shareholder transaction information. However, the Fund receives buy, sell and exchange orders through selling and/or servicing agents, and cannot always know of or reasonably detect excessive trading that may be facilitated by selling and/or servicing agents or by the use of the omnibus account arrangements they offer. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of mutual funds, particularly among certain selling and/or servicing agents such as broker/dealers, retirement plans and variable insurance products. These arrangements often permit selling and/or servicing agents to aggregate their clients’ transactions and accounts, and in these circumstances, the identity of the shareholders is often not known to the Fund.
Some selling and/or servicing agents apply their own restrictions or policies to underlying investor accounts, which may be more or less restrictive than those described here. This may impact the Fund’s ability to curtail excessive trading, even where it is identified. For these and other reasons, it is possible that excessive trading may occur despite the Fund’s efforts to detect and prevent it.
Although these restrictions and policies involve judgments that are inherently subjective and may involve some selectivity in their application, the Fund seeks to act in a manner that it believes is consistent with the best interests of shareholders in making any such judgments.
Risks of Excessive Trading — Excessive trading creates certain risks to the Fund’s long-term shareholders and may create the following adverse effects:
• | negative impact on the Fund’s performance; |
• | potential dilution of the value of the Fund’s shares; |
• | interference with the efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio, such as the need to maintain undesirably large cash positions, the need to use its line of credit or the need to buy or sell securities it otherwise would not have bought or sold; |
• | losses on the sale of investments resulting from the need to sell securities at less favorable prices; |
• | increased taxable gains to the Fund’s remaining shareholders resulting from the need to sell securities to meet sell orders; and |
• | increased brokerage and administrative costs. |
To the extent that the Fund invests significantly in foreign securities traded on markets that close before the Fund’s valuation time, it may be particularly susceptible to dilution as a result of excessive trading. Because events may occur after the close of foreign markets and before the Fund’s valuation time that influence the value of foreign securities, investors may seek to trade Fund shares in an effort to benefit from their understanding of the value of foreign securities as of the Fund’s valuation time. This is often referred to as price arbitrage. The Fund has adopted procedures designed to adjust closing market prices of foreign securities under certain circumstances to reflect what the Fund believes to be the fair value of those securities as of its valuation time. To the extent the adjustments don’t work fully, investors engaging in price arbitrage may cause dilution in the value of the Fund’s shares held by other shareholders.
Similarly, to the extent that the Fund invests significantly in thinly traded high-yield bonds (junk bonds) or equity securities of small-capitalization companies, because these securities are often traded infrequently, investors may seek to trade their shares in an effort to benefit from their understanding of the value of these securities. This is also a type of price arbitrage. Any such frequent trading strategies may interfere with efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio to a greater degree than would be the case for mutual funds that invest in highly liquid securities, in part because the Fund may have difficulty selling those portfolio securities at advantageous times or prices to satisfy large and/or frequent sell orders. Any successful price arbitrage may also cause dilution in the value of Fund shares held by other shareholders.
Excessive Trading Practices Policy of Money Market Funds
The money market Funds are designed to offer investors a liquid cash option that they may buy and sell as often as they wish. Accordingly, the Board has not adopted policies and procedures designed to discourage excessive or short-term trading of money
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market Fund shares. However, since frequent purchases and sales of money market Fund shares could in certain instances harm shareholders in various ways, including reducing the returns to long-term shareholders by increasing costs (such as spreads paid to dealers who trade money market instruments with the money market Funds) and disrupting portfolio management strategies, each of the money market Funds reserves the right, but has no obligation, to reject any purchase or exchange transaction at any time. Except as expressly described herein (such as minimum purchase amounts), the money market Funds have no limits on buy or exchange transactions. In addition, each of the money market Funds reserve the right to impose or modify restrictions on purchases, exchanges or trading of the Fund shares at any time.
Opening an Account and Placing Orders
We encourage you to consult with a financial advisor who can help you with your investment decisions and who can help you open an account. Once you have an account, you can buy, sell and exchange shares by contacting your financial advisor who will send your order to the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. As described in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies, once you have an account you can also communicate your orders directly to the Transfer Agent by mail, by telephone or online.
The Funds are available directly and through broker-dealers, banks and other selling and/or servicing agents or institutions, and through certain qualified and non-qualified plans, wrap fee products or other investment products sponsored by selling and/or servicing agents.
Not all selling and/or servicing agents offer the Funds and certain selling and/or servicing agents that offer the Funds may not offer all Funds on all investment platforms. Please consult with your financial advisor to determine the availability of the Funds. If you set up an account at a selling and/or servicing agent that does not have, and is unable to obtain, a selling agreement with the Distributor, you will not be able to transfer Fund holdings to that account. In that event, you must either maintain your Fund holdings with your current selling and/or servicing agent, find another selling and/or servicing agent with a selling agreement, or sell your Fund shares, paying any applicable CDSC. Please be aware that transactions in taxable accounts are taxable events and may result in income tax liability.
Selling and/or servicing agents that offer the Funds may charge you additional fees for the services they provide and they may have different policies not described herein. Some policy differences may include different minimum investment amounts, exchange privileges, Fund choices and cutoff times for investments. Additionally, recordkeeping, transaction processing and payments of distributions relating to your account may be performed by the selling and/or servicing agents through which your shares of the Fund are held. Since the Fund (and its service providers) may not have a record of your account transactions, you should always contact the financial advisor employed by the selling and/or servicing agent through which you purchased or at which you maintain your shares of the Fund to make changes to your account or to give instructions concerning your account, or to obtain information about your account. The Fund and its service providers, including the Distributor and the Transfer Agent, are not responsible for the failure of one of these financial intermediaries and/or its selling and/or servicing agents to carry out its obligations to its customers.
As stated above, you may establish and maintain your account with a selling and/or servicing agent authorized by the Distributor to sell fund shares or directly with the Fund. The Fund may engage selling and/or servicing agents to receive purchase orders and exchange (and sale) orders on its behalf. Accounts established directly with the Fund will be serviced by the Transfer Agent. The Funds, the Transfer Agent and the Distributor do not provide investment advice. The Funds encourage you to consult with a financial advisor who can help you with your investment decisions and who can help you open an account. Once you have an account, you can buy, sell and exchange shares by contacting your financial advisor who will send your order to the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. As described in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies, once you have an account you can also communicate your orders directly to the Transfer Agent.
Accounts established directly with the Fund
You or the financial advisor through which you buy shares may establish an account with the Fund. To do so, complete a Fund account application with your financial advisor or investment professional, and mail the account application to the address below. Account applications may be obtained at columbiamanagement.com or may be requested by calling 800.345.6611. Make your check payable to the Fund. You will be assessed a $15 fee for any checks rejected by your financial institution due to insufficient funds or other reasons. The Funds do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, money orders, traveler’s checks, starter checks, third or fourth party checks, or other cash equivalents.
Mail your check and completed application to The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (regular mail) P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 or (express mail) 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809. You may also use these addresses to request an exchange or redemption of Fund shares.
You will be sent a statement confirming your purchase and any subsequent transactions in your account. You will also be sent quarterly and annual statements detailing your transactions in the Fund and the other Funds you own under the same account number.
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Duplicate quarterly account statements for the current year and duplicate annual statements for the most recent prior calendar year will be sent to you free of charge. Copies of year-end statements for prior years are available for a fee. Please contact the Transfer Agent for more information.
Buying Shares
Eligible Investors
Class A and Class C Shares
Class A and Class C shares are available to the general public for investment. Once you have opened an account, you can buy Class A and Class C shares in a lump sum, through our Systematic Investment Plan, by dividend diversification, by wire or by electronic funds transfer. For money market Funds, new investments must be made in Class A, Class I (available as a new investment only to the Funds (i.e., Fund-of-Fund investment)), Class T, Class W or Class Z shares of the Fund, subject to eligibility. Class C and Class R of the money market Funds are available as a new investment only to investors in the Distributor’s proprietary 401(k) products, provided that such investor is eligible to invest in the Class and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper. The money market Funds offer other classes of shares only to facilitate exchanges with other Funds offering these classes of shares.
Class B Shares Closed
The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions involving existing investors in Class B shares as described in more detail below.
Additional Class B shares will be issued only to existing investors in Class B shares and only through the following two types of transactions (Qualifying Transactions):
• | Dividends and/or capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in Class B shares of a Fund. |
• | Shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Fund may exchange those shares for Class B shares of other Funds offering such shares. Certain exceptions apply, including that not all Funds may permit exchanges. |
Any initial purchase orders for the Fund’s Class B shares will be rejected (other than through a Qualifying Transaction that is an exchange transaction).
Unless contrary instructions are received in advance by the Fund, any purchase orders (except those submitted by a selling and/or servicing agent through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) as described in more detail below) that are initial investments in Class B shares or that are orders for additional Class B shares of the Fund received from existing investors in Class B shares, including orders made through an active systematic investment plan, will automatically be invested in Class A shares of the Fund, without regard to the normal minimum initial investment requirement for Class A shares, but subject to the front-end sales charge that generally applies to Class A shares. For additional information about Class A shares, see Choosing a Share Class – Class A Shares – Front-end Sales Charges. Your selling and/or servicing agent may have different policies not described here, including a policy to reject purchase orders for a Fund’s Class B shares or to automatically invest the purchase amount in a money market fund. Please consult your selling and/or servicing agent to understand their policy.
Additional purchase orders for a Fund’s Class B shares by an existing Class B shareholder, submitted by such shareholder’s selling and/or servicing agent through the NSCC, will be rejected due to operational limitations of the NSCC. Investors should consult their selling and/or servicing agent if they wish to invest in the Fund by purchasing a share class of the Fund other than Class B shares.
Dividend and/or capital gain distributions from Class B shares of a Fund will not be automatically invested in Class B shares of another Fund. Unless contrary instructions are received in advance of the date of declaration, such dividend and/or capital gain distributions from Class B shares of a Fund will be reinvested in Class B shares of the same Fund that is making the distribution.
Class E and Class F Shares Closed
Class E and Class F shares are closed to new investors and new accounts. Shareholders who opened and funded an account with the Fund as of September 22, 2006 (including accounts once funded that subsequently reached a zero balance) (i) may continue to make additional purchases of Class E and Class F shares and (ii) will continue to have their dividend and capital gains distributions reinvested. These share classes are designed for investors who wish to make an irrevocable gift to a child, grandchild or other individual. Shares are held in an irrevocable trust until a specified date, at which time they pass to a beneficiary.
Class I Shares
Class I shares are currently only available to the Funds (i.e., Fund of Fund investments). Class I shares may be purchased, sold or exchanged only through the Distributor or an authorized selling and/or servicing agent. The Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments in Class I shares from other institutional investors.
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Class R Shares
Class R shares can only be bought through eligible health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Ameriprise Financial affiliates, and the following eligible retirement plans: 401(k) plans; 457 plans; employer-sponsored 403(b) plans; profit sharing and money purchase pension plans; defined benefit plans; and non-qualified deferred compensation plans. Class R shares are not available for investment through retail nonretirement accounts, traditional and Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, Simple IRAs, individual 403(b) plans or 529 tuition programs. Contact the Transfer Agent or your retirement plan or health savings account administrator for more information about investing in Class R shares. The Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments in Class R shares from other institutional investors.
Class R3, Class R4 and Class R5 Shares
Class R3, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are closed to new investors and new accounts effective as of the close of business on December 31, 2010, subject to certain limited exceptions described below.
Shareholders who opened and funded a Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 account with the Fund as of the close of business on December 31, 2010 (including accounts once funded that subsequently reached a zero balance) may continue to make additional purchases of these share classes. Plans may continue to make additional purchases of Fund shares and add new participants, and new plans sponsored by the same or an affiliated sponsor may invest in the Fund (and add new participants) if an initial plan so sponsored invested in the Fund as of December 31, 2010 (or has approved the Fund as an investment option as of December 31, 2010 and funds its initial account with the Fund prior to March 31, 2011) and holds Fund shares at the plan level.
In the event that an order to purchase Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 shares is received by the Fund or the Transfer Agent after the close of business on December 31, 2010 (other than as described above) from a new investor or a new account that is not eligible to purchase shares, that order will be refused by the Fund and the Transfer Agent and any money that the Fund or the Transfer Agent received with the order will be returned to the investor or the selling and/or servicing agent, as appropriate, without interest.
Class R3, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are designed for qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, charitable organizations that meet the definition in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, state sponsored college savings plans established under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, and health savings accounts created pursuant to public law 108-173. Additionally, if approved by the Distributor, Class R5 shares are available to institutional or corporate accounts above a threshold established by the Distributor (currently $1 million per Fund or $10 million in all Funds) and bank trust departments. Class R3, Class R4 and R5 shares may be purchased, sold or exchanged only through the Distributor or an authorized selling and/or servicing agent. Class R3, Class R4 shares and Class R5 shares of the Fund may be exchanged for Class R3 shares, Class R4 shares and Class R5 shares, respectively, of another Fund.
Class T Shares Closed
Class T shares are available for purchase only to investors who received (and who have continuously held) Class T shares in connection with the merger of certain Galaxy funds into various Columbia funds (formerly named Liberty funds).
Class W Shares
Class W shares are available to investors purchasing through authorized investment programs managed by investment professionals, including discretionary managed account programs. Class W shares may be purchased, sold or exchanged only through the Distributor or an authorized selling and/or servicing agent. Shares originally purchased in a discretionary managed account may continue to be held in Class W outside of a discretionary managed account, but no additional Class W purchases may be made and no exchanges to Class W shares of another Fund may be made outside of a discretionary managed account. The Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments in Class W shares from other institutional investors.
Class Y Shares
Class Y shares are available only to the following categories of eligible investors:
• | Individual investors and institutional clients (endowments, foundations, defined benefit plans, etc.) who invest at least $1 million in Class Y shares of a single Fund; and |
• | Group retirement plans (including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans) with plan assets of at least $10 million. |
Currently, Class Y shares are offered only to certain former shareholders of the series of the former Columbia Funds Institutional Trust and to institutional and high net worth individuals and clients invested in certain pooled investment vehicles and separate accounts managed by the investment manager.
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Class Z Shares
Class Z shares are available only to the categories of eligible investors described below under “Minimum Investment and Account Balance — Class Z Shares Minimum Investments”
In addition, for Class I, Class R, Class W, Class Y and Class Z shares, the Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments from other institutional investors not listed above.
Minimum Initial Investments, Additional Investments and Account Balances
The table below shows the Fund’s minimum initial investment, additional investment and minimum account balance requirements, which may vary by Fund, class and type of account.
Minimum Investment and Account Balance
Minimum Initial investment | Minimum Additional investments | Minimum Account balance | ||||||||||
For all Funds, classes and accounts except those listed below (non-qualified) | $ | 2,000 | (a) | $ | 100 | $ | 250 | (d) | ||||
Individual Retirement Accounts | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | none | |||||||
Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund, Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund, Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund | $ | 10,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 5,000 | ||||||
RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund, Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund | $ | 5,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,500 | ||||||
Class I, Class R | none | none | none | |||||||||
Class W | $ | 500 | none | $ | 500 | |||||||
Class Y | variable | (b) | $ | 100 | $ | 250 | ||||||
Class Z | variable | (a)(c) | $ | 100 | $ | 250 | (d) |
(a) | If your Class A, B, C, T or Z shares account balance falls below the minimum initial investment amount for any reason, including a market decline, you may be asked to increase it to the minimum initial investment amount or establish a systematic investment plan. If you do not do so, it will be subject to a $20 annual low balance fee and/or shares may be automatically redeemed and the proceeds mailed to you if the account falls below the minimum account balance requirement. |
(b) | The minimum initial investment amount for Class Y shares varies depending on eligibility. For eligibility details, see Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class Y Shares. |
(c) | The minimum initial investment requirement for Class Z shares is $0, $1,000 or $2,000 depending upon the category of eligible investor. For details, see Class Z Shares Minimum Investments below. |
(d) | If the value of your account falls below $250, your Fund account is subject to automatic redemption of Fund shares. For details, see Small Account Policy above. |
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Systematic Investment Plan
The Systematic Investment Plan allows you to make regular purchases via automatic transfers from your bank account to the Fund on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. Contact the Transfer Agent or your financial advisor to set up the plan. The table below shows the minimum initial investments, minimum additional investments and minimum account balance for investment through a Systematic Investment Plan:
Minimum Investment and Account Balance — Systematic Investment Plans
Minimum Initial investment | Minimum Additional investments | Minimum Account balance* | ||||||||||
For all Funds, classes and accounts except those listed below (non-qualified) | $ | 100 | *(a) | $ | 100 | none | *(b) | |||||
Individual Retirement Accounts | $ | 100 | *(b) | $ | 50 | none | ||||||
Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund, Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund, Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund | $ | 10,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 5,000 | ||||||
RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund, Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund | $ | 5,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,500 | ||||||
Class I, Class R | none | none | none | |||||||||
Class W | $ | 500 | none | $ | 500 | |||||||
Class Y | variable | (c) | $ | 100 | none | |||||||
Class Z | variable | (d) | $ | 100 | none |
* | If your Fund account balance is below the minimum initial investment requirement described in this table, you must make investments at least monthly, as follows: |
(a) money market Funds — $2,000; and
(b) money market Funds — $1,000.
(c) | The minimum initial investment amount for Class Y shares varies depending on eligibility. For eligibility details, see Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class Y Shares. |
(d) | The minimum initial investment requirement for Class Z shares is $0, $1,000 or $2,000 depending upon the category of eligible investor. For details, see Class Z Shares Minimum Investments below. |
Class Z Shares Minimum Investments
There is no minimum initial investment in Class Z shares for the following categories of eligible investors:
• | Any person investing all or part of the proceeds of a distribution, rollover or transfer of assets into a Columbia Management Individual Retirement Account, from any deferred compensation plan which was a shareholder of any of the Funds of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000, in which the investor was a participant and through which the investor invested in one or more of the Funds of Columbia Acorn Trust immediately prior to the distribution, transfer or rollover. |
• | Any health savings account sponsored by a third party platform and any omnibus group retirement plan for which a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity provides services and is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than in the form of payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent. |
• | Any investor participating in a wrap program sponsored by a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity that is paid an asset-based fee by the investor and that is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent. |
The minimum initial investment in Class Z shares for the following eligible investors is $1,000:
• | Any individual retirement plan (assuming the eligibility criteria below are met) or group retirement plan that is not held in an omnibus manner for which a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity provides services and is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than in the form of payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent. |
• | Any person employed as of April 30, 2010 by the former investment manager, distributor or transfer agent of the Legacy Columbia funds is eligible to make new and subsequent purchases in the Class Z shares through an individual retirement account. |
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The minimum initial investment in Class Z shares for the following categories of eligible investors is $2,000:
• | Any investor buying shares through a Columbia Management state tuition plan organized under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code. |
• | Any shareholder (as well as any family member of a shareholder or person listed on an account registration for any account of the shareholder) of another fund distributed by the Distributor (i) who holds Class Z shares; (ii) who held Primary A shares prior to the share class redesignation of Primary A shares as Class Z shares that occurred on August 22, 2005; (iii) who holds Class A shares that were obtained by an exchange of Class Z shares; or (iv) who bought shares of certain mutual funds that were not subject to sales charges and that merged with a Legacy Columbia fund distributed by the Distributor. |
• | Any trustee or director (or family member of a trustee or director) of a fund distributed by the Distributor. |
• | Any investor participating in an account offered by a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity that provides services to such an account, is paid an asset-based fee by the investor and is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent (each investor buying shares through a selling and/or servicing agent must independently satisfy the minimum investment requirement noted above). |
• | Any institutional investor who is a corporation, partnership, trust, foundation, endowment, institution, government entity, or similar organization, which meets the respective qualifications for an accredited investor, as defined under the Securities Act of 1933. |
• | Certain financial institutions and intermediaries, such as insurance companies, trust companies, banks, endowments, investment companies or foundations, buying shares for their own account, including Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates and/or subsidiaries. |
• | Any person employed as of April 30, 2010 by the former investment manager, distributor or transfer agent of the Legacy Columbia funds is eligible to make new and subsequent purchases in the Class Z shares through a non-retirement account. |
• | Certain other investors as set forth in more detail in the Merger SAI. |
The minimum initial investment requirements may be waived for accounts that are managed by an investment professional, for accounts held in approved discretionary or non-discretionary wrap programs, for accounts that are a part of an employer-sponsored retirement plan, or for other account types if approved by the Distributor.
The Fund reserves the right to modify its minimum investment and related requirements at any time, with or without prior notice.
Dividend Diversification
Generally, you may automatically invest distributions made by another Fund into the same class of shares (and in some cases certain other classes of shares) of the Fund at no additional sales charge. A sales charge may apply when you invest distributions made with respect to shares that were not subject to a sales charge at the time of your initial purchase. Call the Funds at 800.345.6611 for details. See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders – Buying Shares – Class B Shares Closed for restrictions applicable to Class B shares.
Wire Purchases
You may buy Class A, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shares of the Fund by wiring money from your bank account to your Fund account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.345.6611.
Electronic Funds Transfer
You may buy Class A, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shares of the Fund by electronically transferring money from your bank account to your Fund account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. An electronic funds transfer may take up to three business days to settle and be considered in “good form.” You must set up this feature by contacting the Transfer Agent prior to your request to obtain any necessary forms. The minimum investment amount for additional purchases via electronic funds transfer is $100.
Important: Payments sent by electronic fund transfers, a bank authorization, or check that are not guaranteed may take up to 10 or more days to clear. If you request a redemption before the purchase funds clear, this may cause your redemption request to fail to process if the requested amount includes unguaranteed funds. If you purchased your shares by check or from your bank account as an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transaction, the Fund holds the redemption proceeds when you sell those shares for a period of time after the trade date of the purchase.
Other Purchase Rules You Should Know
• | Once the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your buy order in “good form,” your purchase will be made at the next calculated public offering price per share, which is the net asset value per share plus any sales charge that applies. |
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• | You generally buy Class A, Class E and Class T shares at the public offering price per share because purchases of these share classes are generally subject to a front-end sales charge. |
• | You buy Class B, Class C, Class F, Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, Class W, Class Y and Class Z shares at net asset value per share because no front-end sales charge applies to purchases of these share classes. |
• | The Fund reserves the right to cancel your order if it doesn’t receive payment within three business days of receiving your buy order. The Fund will return any payment received for orders that have been cancelled, but no interest will be paid on that money. |
• | Selling and/or servicing agents are responsible for sending your buy orders to the Transfer Agent and ensuring that we receive your money on time. |
• | Shares bought are recorded on the books of the Fund. The Fund doesn’t issue certificates. |
Selling Shares
When you sell your shares, the Fund is effectively buying them back from you. This is called a redemption. You may sell your shares at any time. The payment will be sent within seven days after your request is received in good order. When you sell shares, the amount you receive may be more or less than the amount you invested. Your sale price will be the next NAV calculated after your request is received in good order, minus any applicable CDSC.
Remember that Class R, R3, R4 and R5 shares are sold through your eligible retirement plan or health savings account. For detailed rules regarding the sale of these classes of shares, contact the Transfer Agent, your retirement plan or health savings account administrator.
Wire Redemptions
You may request that your Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class I, Class T, Class W, Class Y and Class Z share sale proceeds be wired to your bank account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. You must set up this feature prior to your request. The Transfer Agent charges a fee for shares sold by Fedwire. The Transfer Agent may waive the fee for certain accounts. The receiving bank may charge an additional fee. The minimum amount that can be redeemed by wire is $500.
Electronic Funds Transfer
You may sell Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shares of the Fund and request that the proceeds be electronically transferred to your bank account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. It may take up to three business days for the sale proceeds to be received by your bank. You must set up this feature by contacting the Transfer Agent prior to your request to obtain any necessary forms.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
The Systematic Withdrawal Plan lets you withdraw funds from your Class A, Class B, Class C, Class I, Class T, Class W, Class Y and/or Class Z shares account any day of the month on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. Contact the Transfer Agent or your financial advisor to set up the plan. To set up the plan, your account balance must meet the Fund Class’ minimum initial investment amount. All dividend and capital gain distributions must be reinvested to set up the plan. A Systematic Withdrawal Plan cannot be set up on an account that already has a Systematic Investment Plan established. If you set up the plan after you’ve opened your account, we may require your signature to be Medallion Signature Guaranteed.
You can choose to receive your withdrawals via check or direct deposit into your bank account. Otherwise, the Fund will deduct any applicable CDSC from the withdrawals before sending the balance to you. You can cancel the plan by giving the Fund 30 days notice in writing or by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. It’s important to remember that if you withdraw more than your investment in the Fund is earning, you’ll eventually use up your original investment.
Check Redemption Service
Class A shares of the money market Funds offer check writing privileges. If you have $2,000 in a money market Fund, you may request checks which may be drawn against your account. The amount of any check drawn against your money market Fund must be at least $100. You can elect this service on your initial application or thereafter. Call 800.345.6611 for the appropriate forms to establish this service. If you own Class A shares that were both in another Fund at NAV because of the size of the purchase, and then exchanged into a money market Fund, check redemptions may be subject to a CDSC. A $15 charge will be assessed for any stop payment order requested by you or any overdraft in connection with checks written against your money market Fund account.
In-Kind Distributions
The Fund reserves the right to honor sell orders with in-kind distributions of portfolio securities instead of cash. In the event the Fund makes such an in-kind distribution, you may incur the brokerage and transaction costs associated with converting the portfolio securities you receive into cash. Also, the portfolio securities you receive may increase or decrease in value before you convert them into cash.
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Other Redemption Rules You Should Know
• | Once the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your sell order in “good form,” your shares will be sold at the next calculated net asset value per share. Any applicable CDSC will be deducted from the amount you’re selling and the balance will be remitted to you. |
• | If you sell your shares directly through the Funds, we will normally send the sale proceeds by mail or electronically transfer them to your bank account within three business days after the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your order in “good form.” |
• | If you sell your shares through a selling and/or servicing agent, the Funds will normally send the sale proceeds by Fedwire within three business days after the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your order in “good form.” |
• | If you paid for your shares by check or from your bank account as an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transaction, the Funds will hold the sale proceeds when you sell those shares for a period of time after the trade date of the purchase. |
• | No interest will be paid on uncashed redemption checks. |
• | The Funds can delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven days and may suspend redemptions and/or further postpone payment of redemption proceeds when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances as determined by the SEC. |
• | Other restrictions may apply to retirement accounts. For information about these restrictions, contact your retirement plan administrator. |
• | Also keep in mind the Funds’ Small Account Policy, which is described above in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies. |
• | For Class E shareholders, if, at the time of the trust’s termination, the beneficiary does not elect to redeem Class E shares held by the trust, the shares automatically will convert to Class A shares of the Fund and be registered in the beneficiary’s name. For Class F shareholders, if, at the time of the trust’s termination, the beneficiary does not elect to redeem Class F shares held by the trust, the shares automatically will convert to Class B shares of the Fund and be registered in the beneficiary’s name. After such conversion, the beneficiary’s shares no longer will convert to Class E shares, but will convert to Class A shares in accordance with the applicable conversion schedule for Class B shares. Automatic conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares occurs eight years after purchase for these shares. For purposes of calculating the conversion period, the beneficiary ownership period for the Class B shares will begin at the time the Class F shares were purchased. |
• | For Class E and Class F shareholders, if the beneficiary under a Columbia Advantage Plan trust exercises his or her withdrawal rights, the financial advisor may be required to refund to the Distributor any sales charge or initial commission previously retained or paid on the withdrawn Class E and/or Class F shares or amount redeemed. |
Exchanging Shares
You can generally sell shares of a Fund to buy shares of another Fund, in what is called an exchange. You should read the prospectus of, and make sure you understand the investment objective, principal investment strategies, risks, fees and expenses of, the Fund into which you are exchanging. You may be subject to a sales charge if you exchange from a money market Fund or any other Fund that does not charge a front-end sales charge into a non–money market Fund. If you hold your Fund shares through certain selling and/or servicing agents, including Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., you may have limited exchangeability among the Funds. Please contact your financial advisor for more information.
Systematic Exchanges
You may buy Class A, Class C, Class T, Class W, Class Y and/or Class Z shares of a Fund by exchanging each month from another Fund for shares of the same class of the Fund at no additional cost, subject to the following exchange amount minimums: $50 each month for individual retirement accounts (i.e. tax qualified accounts); and $100 each month for non-retirement accounts. Contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent to set up the plan. If you set up your plan to exchange more than $100,000 each month, you must obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee.
Exchanges will continue as long as your balance is sufficient to complete the systematic monthly transfers, subject to the Funds’ Small Account Policy described above in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies. You may terminate the program or change the amount you would like to exchange (subject to the $50 and $100 minimum requirements noted immediately above) by calling the Funds at 800.345.6611. A sales charge may apply when you exchange shares of a Fund that were not assessed a sales charge at the time of your initial purchase.
The rules described below for making exchanges apply to systematic exchanges.
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Other Exchange Rules You Should Know
• | Exchanges are made at net asset value next calculated after your exchange order is received in good form. |
• | Once the Fund receives your exchange request, you cannot cancel it after the market closes. |
• | The rules for buying shares of a Fund generally apply to exchanges into that Fund, including, if your exchange creates a new Fund account, it must satisfy the minimum investment amount, unless a waiver applies. |
• | Shares of the purchased Fund may not be used on the same day for another exchange or sale. |
• | You can generally make exchanges between like share classes of any Fund. Some exceptions apply. |
• | If you exchange shares from Class A shares of a money market Fund to a non-money market Fund, any further exchanges must be between shares of the same class. For example, if you exchange from Class A shares of a money market Fund into Class C shares of a non-money market Fund, you may not exchange from Class C shares of that non-money market Fund back to Class A shares of a money market Fund. |
• | A sales charge may apply when you exchange shares of a Fund that were not assessed a sales charge at the time of your initial purchase. If your initial investment was in a money market Fund and you exchange into a non-money market Fund, your transaction is subject to a front-end sales charge if you exchange into Class A shares and to a CDSC if you exchange into Class C, Class E, Class F and Class T shares of the Funds. |
• | If your initial investment was in Class A shares of a non-money market Fund and you exchange shares into a money market Fund, you may exchange that amount to another Fund, including dividends earned on that amount, without paying a sales charge. |
• | If your shares are subject to a CDSC, you will not be charged a CDSC upon the exchange of those shares. Any CDSC will be deducted when you sell the shares you received from the exchange. The CDSC imposed at that time will be based on the period that begins when you bought shares of the original Fund and ends when you sell the shares of the Fund you received from the exchange. The applicable CDSC will be the CDSC of the original Fund. |
• | Class T shares may be exchanged for Class T or Class A shares. Class T shares exchanged into Class A shares cannot be exchanged back into Class T shares. |
• | Class Z shares of a Fund may be exchanged for Class A or Class Z shares of another Fund. |
• | You may make exchanges only into a Fund that is legally offered and sold in your state of residence. Contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent for more information. |
• | You generally may make an exchange only into a Fund that is accepting investments. |
• | The Fund may change or cancel your right to make an exchange by giving the amount of notice required by regulatory authorities (generally 60 days for a material change or cancellation). |
• | Unless your account is part of a tax-advantaged arrangement, an exchange for shares of another Fund is a taxable event, and you may recognize a gain or loss for tax purposes. |
• | Shares of Class W originally purchased, but no longer held in a discretionary managed account, may not be exchanged for Class W shares of another Fund. You may continue to hold these shares in the original Fund. Changing your investment to a different Fund will be treated as a sale and purchase, and you will be subject to applicable taxes on the sale and sales charges on the purchase of the new Fund. |
You may exchange or sell shares by having your selling and/or servicing agent process your transaction. If you maintain your account directly with your selling and/or servicing agent, you must contact that agent to exchange or sell shares of the Fund. If your account was established directly with the Fund, there are a variety of methods you may use to exchange or sell shares of the Fund.
Same-Fund Exchange Privilege for Class Z Shares
Certain shareholders invested in a class of shares other than Class Z may become eligible to invest in Class Z shares. Upon a determination of such eligibility, any such shareholders will be eligible to exchange their shares for Class Z shares of the same Fund, if offered. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange, except that when Class B shares are exchanged for Class Z shares, any CDSC charges applicable to Class B shares will be applied. Ordinarily, shareholders will not recognize a gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon such an exchange. Investors should contact their selling and/or servicing agents to learn more about the details of the Class Z shares exchange privilege.
Ways to Request a Sale or Exchange of Shares
Account established with your selling and/or servicing agent
You can exchange or sell Fund shares by having your financial advisor or selling and/or servicing agent process your transaction. They may have different policies not described herein, including different transaction limits, exchange policies and sale procedures.
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Mail your sale or exchange request to The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (regular mail) P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 or (express mail) 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809.
Include in your letter: your name; the name of the Fund(s); your account number; the class of shares to be exchanged or sold; your social security number (SSN) or taxpayer identification number (TIN); the dollar amount or number of shares you want to exchange or sell; specific instructions regarding delivery or exchange destination; signature(s) of registered account owner(s); and any special documents the Transfer Agent may require in order to process your order.
Corporate, trust or partnership accounts may need to send additional documents. Payment will be mailed to the address of record and made payable to the names listed on the account, unless your request specifies differently and is signed by all owners.
Distributions and Taxes
Distributions to Shareholders
A mutual fund can make money two ways:
• | It can earn income on its investments. Examples of fund income are interest paid on money market instruments and bonds, and dividends paid on common stocks. |
• | A mutual fund can also have capital gains if the value of its investments increases. While a fund continues to hold an investment, any gain is unrealized. If the fund sells an investment, it generally will realize a capital gain if it sells that investment for a higher price than it originally paid. Capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund holds the securities for one year or less (short-term gains) or more than one year (long-term gains). |
FUNDamentalsTM
Distributions
Mutual funds make payments of fund earnings to shareholders, distributing them among all shareholders of the fund. As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s distributed income, including capital gains.
Reinvesting your distributions buys you more shares of a fund – which lets you take advantage of the potential for compound growth. Putting the money you earn back into your investment means it, in turn, may earn even more money. Over time, the power of compounding has the potential to significantly increase the value of your investment. There is no assurance, however, that you’ll earn more money if you reinvest your distributions rather than receive them in cash.
The Fund intends to pay out, in the form of distributions to shareholders, a sufficient amount of its income and gains so that the Fund will qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company and generally will not have to pay any federal excise tax. The Fund generally intends to distribute any net realized capital gain (whether long-term or short-term gain) at least once a year.
Different share classes of the Fund usually pay different net investment income distribution amounts, because each class has different expenses. Each time a distribution is made, the net asset value per share of the share class is reduced by the amount of the distribution.
The Fund generally pays cash distributions within five business days after the distribution was declared (or, if the Fund declares distributions daily, within five business days after the end of the month in which the distribution was declared). If you sell all of your shares after the record date, but before the payment date, for a distribution, you’ll normally receive that distribution in cash within five business days after the sale was made.
The Fund will automatically reinvest distributions in additional shares of the same share class of the Fund unless you inform us you want to receive your distributions in cash (the financial selling and/or servicing agent through which you purchased shares may have different policies). You can do this by writing the Funds at the addresses and telephone numbers listed at the beginning of the section entitled Choosing a Share Class. No sales charges apply to the purchase or sale of such shares.
For accounts held directly with the Fund, distributions of $10 or less will automatically be reinvested in additional Fund shares only. If you elect to receive distributions by check and the check is returned as undeliverable, all subsequent distributions will be reinvested in additional shares of the Fund.
Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or holding Fund shares through a tax-advantaged account (such as a 401(k) plan or IRA), you should consider avoiding buying Fund shares shortly before the Fund makes a distribution (other than distributions of net investment income that are declared daily) of net investment income or net realized capital gain, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is because you will, in effect, receive part of your purchase price back in the distribution. This is known as “buying a dividend.” To avoid “buying a dividend,” before you invest, check the Fund’s distribution schedule, which is available at the Funds’ websites and/or by calling the Funds’ telephone numbers listed at the beginning of the section entitled Choosing a Share Class.
If you buy shares of the Fund when it holds securities with unrealized capital gain, you may, in effect, receive part of your purchase price back if and when the Fund sells those securities and distributes any net realized gain. Any such distribution is generally subject
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to tax. The Fund may have, or may build up over time, high levels of unrealized capital gain. If you buy shares of the Fund when it has capital loss carryforwards, the Fund may have the ability to offset capital gains realized by the Fund that otherwise would have been distributed to shareholders with such carryforwards, although capital loss carryforwards generally expire after eight taxable years and may be subject to substantial limitations.
Taxes and Your Investment
The Fund will send you a statement each year showing how much you’ve received in distributions in the prior year and the distributions’ character for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, you should be aware of the following considerations applicable to all Funds (unless otherwise noted):
• | The Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company. A regulated investment company generally is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are distributed to shareholders. However, the Fund’s failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would result in Fund level taxation, and consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to you. In addition, any dividends of net tax-exempt income would no longer be exempt from U.S. federal income tax and, instead, in general, would be taxable to you as ordinary income. |
• | Distributions generally are taxable to you when paid, whether they are paid in cash or automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. |
• | Certain derivative instruments when held in a Fund’s portfolio subject the Fund to special tax rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund portfolio securities, convert capital gains into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. For tax-exempt Funds: Derivative instruments held by a Fund may also generate taxable income to the Fund. |
• | Certain Funds may purchase or sell (write) options, as described further in the Merger SAI. In general, option premiums which may be received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, such premiums are taken into account when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option. If an option written by a Fund is exercised and such Fund sells or delivers the underlying security, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the exercise price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the security. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying security. Gain or loss with respect to any termination of a Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and the related sale or delivery of the underlying security generally will be short-term gain or loss. Thus, for example, if an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, such Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received. |
• | For tax-exempt Funds: Tax-exempt Funds expect that distributions will consist primarily of exempt-interest dividends. Distributions of the Fund’s net interest income from tax-exempt securities generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, but may be subject to state and local income and other taxes, as well as federal and state alternative minimum tax. Similarly, distributions of interest income that is exempt from state and local income taxes of a particular state generally will be exempt from such taxes, but may be subject to other taxes, including income taxes of other states, and federal and state alternative minimum tax. |
• | For tax-exempt Funds: The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from federal or state income tax. Distributions by the Fund of this income generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of gains realized by the Fund, including those generated from the sale or exchange of tax-exempt securities, generally also are taxable to you. Distributions of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of the Fund’s net long-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as long-term capital gain. Whether capital gains are long-term or short-term is determined by how long the Fund has owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your shares. |
• | Distributions of the Fund’s ordinary income and net short-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of the Fund’s net long-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as long-term capital gain. Whether capital gains are long-term or short-term is determined by how long the Fund has owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your shares. |
• | For taxable fixed income Funds: Taxable fixed-income Funds expect that distributions will consist primarily of ordinary income. |
• | For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, if you are an individual and you meet certain holding period and other requirements for your Fund shares, a portion of your distributions may be treated as “qualified dividend income” taxable at lower net long-term capital gain rates. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010. Qualified dividend income is income attributable to the Fund’s dividends received from |
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certain U.S. and foreign corporations, as long as the Fund meets certain holding period and other requirements for the stock producing such dividends. For taxable fixed income Funds and tax-exempt Funds: Taxable fixed income Funds and tax-exempt Funds do not expect a significant portion of Fund distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income. |
• | For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, the maximum individual U.S. federal income tax rate on net long-term capital gain (and thus qualified dividend income) has been temporarily reduced to 15%. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this rate reduction to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010. |
• | A sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This includes redemptions where you are paid in securities. Your sales, redemptions and exchanges of Fund shares (including those paid in securities) usually will result in a taxable capital gain or loss to you, equal to the difference between the amount you receive for your shares (or are deemed to have received in the case of exchanges) and the amount you paid (or are deemed to have paid in the case of exchanges) for them. Any such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held your Fund shares for more than one year at the time of sale or exchange. In certain circumstances, capital losses may be converted from short-term to long-term or disallowed. |
• | The Fund is required by federal law to withhold tax on any taxable and possibly tax-exempt distributions and redemption proceeds paid to you (including amounts paid to you in securities and amounts deemed to be paid to you upon an exchange of shares) if: you haven’t provided a correct TIN or SSN or haven’t certified to the Fund that withholding doesn’t apply; the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has notified us that the TIN listed on your account is incorrect according to its records; or the IRS informs the Fund that you are otherwise subject to backup withholding. |
• | Class E and Class F shareholders, under the Columbia Gift Plan, the trustee will file all federal and state income tax returns and pay all related income taxes for income and capital gains earned prior to the trust’s termination. Under the Columbia Advantage Plan, the beneficiary will be obligated to report any income and capital gains earned by the trust on his or her own tax returns and to pay any related income taxes. |
• | Class E and Class F shareholders, you should consult with your own tax advisor about the particular tax consequences to you of making a gift and holding Fund shares through a trust, including any applicable federal or state estate or gift tax consequences. |
• | If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in income your share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. You may be able to either deduct this amount from your income or claim it as a foreign tax credit. There is no assurance that the Fund will make a special election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. |
For a Fund organized as a fund-of-funds. Because most of the Fund’s investments are shares of underlying Funds, the tax treatment of the Fund’s gains, losses, and distributions may differ from the tax treatment that would apply if either the Fund invested directly in the types of securities held by the underlying Funds or the Fund shareholders invested directly in the underlying funds. As a result, you may receive taxable distributions earlier and recognize higher amounts of capital gain or ordinary income than you otherwise would.
FUNDamentalsTM
Taxes
The information provided above is only a summary of how U.S. federal income taxes may affect your investment in the Fund. It is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Your investment in the Fund may have other tax implications. It does not apply to certain types of investors who may be subject to special rules, including foreign or tax-exempt investors or those holding Fund shares through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or IRA. You should consult with your own tax advisor about the particular tax consequences to you of an investment in the Fund, including the effect of any foreign, state and local taxes, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.
ADDITIONAL SERVICES AND COMPENSATION
In addition to acting as the Fund’s investment manager, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (Columbia Management) and its affiliates also receive compensation for providing other services to the Funds.
Administration Services. Ameriprise Financial, Inc., 200 Ameriprise Financial Center, Minneapolis, MN 55474, provides or compensates others to provide administrative services to the Legacy RiverSource funds, which includes the Seligman and Threadneedle branded funds. These services include administrative, accounting, treasury, and other services.
Distribution and Shareholder Services. Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.), One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, provides underwriting and distribution services to the Funds.
Transfer Agency Services. Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly RiverSource Service Corporation), One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, provides or compensates others to provide transfer agency services to the Funds. The Funds pay
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the Transfer Agent a fee that may vary by class, as set forth in the Merger SAI, and reimburses the transfer agent for its out-of-pocket expenses incurred while providing these transfer agency services to the Funds. The Transfer Agent pays a portion of these fees to selling and servicing agents that provide sub-recordkeeping and other services to Fund shareholders. The Merger SAI provides additional information about the services provided and the fee schedules for the Transfer Agent agreements.
ADDITIONAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
Affiliated Products. Columbia Management serves as investment manager to the Funds, including those that are structured to provide asset-allocation services to shareholders of those Funds (funds of funds) by investing in shares of other Funds (collectively referred to as underlying funds) and to discretionary managed accounts (collectively referred to as affiliated products) that invest exclusively in underlying funds. These affiliated products, individually or collectively, may own a significant percentage of the outstanding shares of the underlying funds, and Columbia Management seeks to balance potential conflicts between the affiliated products and the underlying funds in which they invest. The affiliated products investment in the underlying funds may also have the effect of creating economies of scale (including lower expense ratios) because the affiliated products may own substantial portions of the shares of underlying funds and, comparatively, a redemption of underlying fund shares by one or more affiliated products could cause the expense ratio of an underlying fund to increase as its fixed costs would be spread over a smaller asset base. Because of these large positions of the affiliated products, the underlying funds may experience relatively large purchases or redemptions. Although Columbia Management may seek to minimize the impact of these transactions, for example, by structuring them over a reasonable period of time or through other measures, underlying funds may experience increased expenses as they buy and sell securities to manage these transactions. When Columbia Management structures transactions over a reasonable period of time in order to manage the potential impact of the buy and sell decisions for the affiliated products, these affiliated products, including funds of funds, may pay more or less for shares of the underlying funds than if the transactions were executed in one transaction. In addition, substantial redemptions by the affiliated products within a short period of time could require the underlying fund to liquidate positions more rapidly than would otherwise be desirable, which may have the effect of reducing or eliminating potential gain or causing the underlying fund to realize a loss. Substantial redemptions may also adversely affect the ability of the investment manager to implement the underlying fund’s investment strategy. Columbia Management also has an economic conflict of interest in determining the allocation of the affiliated products’ assets among the underlying funds as it earns different fees from the underlying funds. Columbia Management monitors expense levels of the Funds and is committed to offering funds that are competitively priced. Columbia Management reports to the Board of each fund of funds on the steps it has taken to manage any potential conflicts. See the Merger SAI for information on the percent of the Fund owned by affiliated products.
Cash Reserves. A Fund may invest its daily cash balance in a money market fund selected by Columbia Management, including but not limited to RiverSource Short-Term Cash Fund (Short-Term Cash Fund), a money market Fund established for the exclusive use of the Funds and other institutional clients of Columbia Management. While Short-Term Cash Fund does not pay an advisory fee to Columbia Management, it does incur other expenses. A Fund will invest in Short-Term Cash Fund or any other money market fund selected by Columbia Management only to the extent it is consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. Short-Term Cash Fund is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
Fund Holdings Disclosure. The Board has adopted policies and procedures that govern the timing and circumstances of disclosure to shareholders and third parties of information regarding the securities owned by a Fund. A description of these policies and procedures is included in the Merger SAI.
The website references herein are intended to be inactive textual references and information contained in or otherwise accessible through the referenced websites does not form a part of this combined proxy statement/prospectus.
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Exhibit D
Comparison of Organizational Documents
This chart highlights material differences between the terms of the Declarations of Trust/Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Buying Funds and Selling Funds.
Group A: | Buying Funds: Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund. | |
Group B: | Buying Funds: Columbia Balanced Fund, Columbia Strategic Income Fund. | |
Group C: | Selling Funds: RiverSource Balanced Fund, RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund. |
Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
Shareholder Liability | Shareholders of the Trust are protected from liability under Delaware statutory law, which provides that shareholders of a Delaware statutory trust have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to shareholders of a private corporation for profit incorporated in the State of Delaware.
In addition, any shareholder or former shareholder exposed to liability by reason of a claim or demand relating solely to his or her being or having been a shareholder of the Trust, and not because of his acts or omissions, the shareholder or former shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) will be entitled to be held harmless from and indemnified out of the assets of the Trust against all loss and expense arising from such claim or demand. | The shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for its obligations. However, the Declaration of Trust contains express disclaimers of shareholder liability for acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of the assets of a series for any shareholder held personally liable for obligations of such series. Therefore, the possibility that a shareholder could be held liable would be limited to a situation in which the assets of the applicable series had been exhausted. | Under Minnesota law, a shareholder’s liability to the corporation or its creditors is limited to paying the amount agreed to be paid for the shares which the shareholder holds or has agreed to purchase. | |||
Shareholder Voting Rights | Shareholders have only the powers to vote on matters as the Trustees may consider desirable and so authorize, and those voting powers expressly granted under the 1940 Act or under the law of Delaware applicable to statutory trusts. | At all meetings of shareholders, each shareholder of record is entitled to one vote for each dollar of net asset value (number of shares owned times net asset value per share) and each fractional dollar amount is entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. | At all meetings of the shareholders, each shareholder of record entitled to vote is entitled to one vote for each dollar of net asset value (number of shares owned times net asset value per share) and each fractional dollar amount is entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
Shares may be voted in person or by proxy or in any manner authorized by the Trustees. On any matter that requires shareholder approval under the 1940 Act, whether shareholders are required to vote by series or class is determined by reference to the 1940 Act. On all other matters, all shares are voted in the aggregate and not by series or class unless the Trustees determine otherwise.
Each whole share is entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote, and each fractional share is entitle to a proportionate fractional vote.
There is no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. | The shareholders have the power to vote (i) for the election of Trustees, (ii) to the same extent as shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or shareholder, (iii) with respect to termination of the Trust or any class or series of the trust, (iv) with respect to the approval or termination in accordance with the 1940 Act of any contract with any one or more corporations, trusts, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships or other types of organizations, or individuals as to which shareholder approval is required by the 1940 Act, and (v) with respect to additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the SEC (or any successor agency) or any State, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable.
On any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares entitled to vote will be voted in the aggregate as a single class without regard to series or class of shares, except that shares may be voted by individual series or classes (1) when required by the 1940 Act, (2) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects one or more series or classes of shares materially differently, or (3) when the matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes.
There is no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. | Shareholders have the power to vote (i) for the election of Directors; (ii) on most amendments to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and on certain amendments to the corporation’s By-Laws; (iii) on certain proposed mergers and exchanges to which the corporation is a party; (iv) on the proposed sale of all or substantially all of the corporation’s property and assets not in the usual and regular course of its business; and (v) on the proposed dissolution of the corporation.
At all elections of Directors, each shareholder is entitled to as many votes equal to the number of dollars of net asset value of shares owned multiplied by the number of Directors to be elected and may cast all of such votes for a single Director or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them.
The standard form of certifying resolution creating rights and preferences for series of capital stock provides that each share may be voted by series (i) as required by the provisions of the 1940 Act and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) when the Board of Directors determines that a matter affects series in a materially different way; or (iii) when the Board of Directors determines a matter affects only one or some of the series. In addition, under Minnesota law, shareholders are entitled to vote as separate series or classes with respect to certain amendments to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and on certain mergers and exchanges to which the corporation is a party. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
Shareholder Meetings | The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders.
Shareholders have the right to call special meetings and vote to remove Trustees but only if and to the extent the SEC staff takes the position by rule, interpretive letter or public release that Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act gives them such right. Otherwise, only the Trustees, the chairman of the Trustees or the president of the Trust may call shareholder meetings. | The Declaration of Trust and By-Laws do not address annual shareholder meetings. Regular shareholder meetings are not required for business trusts under the General Laws of Massachusetts.
Shareholder meetings will be held when called by the Trustees for the purpose of taking action on any matter requiring the vote or authority of the shareholders, or for any other matter the Trustees deem necessary or desirable. | Regular shareholder meetings are not required; however, a majority of Directors present at a duly held meeting may call a regular meeting of shareholders by fixing the date, time and place for a meeting.
If a regular meeting of shareholders has not been held during the immediately preceding 15 months, a shareholder or shareholders holding three percent or more of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote may demand a regular meeting of shareholders by written notice of demand given to the chief executive officer or chief financial officer. Within 30 days after receipt of the demand by one of those officers, the Board of Directors must cause a regular meeting of shareholders to be called and held on notice no later than 90 days after receipt of the demand, all at the expense of the Fund.
Special meetings of the shareholders may be called at any time as provided for by the laws of the State of Minnesota.
In addition, a special meeting of shareholders may be called at any time by a shareholder or shareholders holding 10% or more of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote, except that a special meeting for the purpose of considering any action to directly or indirectly facilitate or effect a business combination must be called by 25% or more of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote. | |||
Shareholder Quorum | Except when a larger quorum is required by applicable law, thirty-three and one-third percent (33 1/3%) of the shares entitled to vote constitutes a quorum at a shareholders’ meeting. When any one or more series or classes of the Trust is to vote as a single class separate | The presence in person or by proxy of 30% of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting constitutes a quorum.
When any one or more series or classes votes as a single class separate from any other shares | The holders of at least 10% of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, constitute a quorum, but the holders of a smaller amount may adjourn without further notice, other than by notice at the time, until a quorum is secured at any such |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
from any other shares, thirty-three and one-third percent (33 1/3%) of the shares of each such series or classes entitled to vote constitutes a quorum at a shareholder’s meeting of that series.
A meeting may be adjourned, whether or not a quorum is present, by the vote of a majority of the shares represented at the meeting, either in person or by proxy. If a meeting is adjourned, notice does not need to be given of the adjourned meeting date unless a new record date for the adjourned meeting is set or unless the adjourned meeting is to take place more than sixty (60) days from the date set for the original meeting, in which case the Board of Trustees would be required to set a new record date. | which are to vote on the same matters as a separate class or classes, 30% of the votes entitled to be cast by each such class entitled to vote constitutes a quorum at a shareholders’ meeting of that class.
A meeting may be adjourned by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting without further notice. | adjourned meeting. In case a quorum is not present, the meeting may be adjourned without notice other than by notice at the meeting. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum may be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. | ||||
Shareholder Consent | Any action taken by shareholders may be taken without a meeting if shareholders holding a majority of the shares entitled to vote on the matter and holding a majority of the shares of any series or class entitled to vote separately on the matter consent to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of shareholders. Such consent is treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of shareholders. | Except as otherwise provided by law, the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a majority of the shareholders entitled to vote consent to the action in writing and the consents are filed with the records of the Trust. The consent will be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of shareholders. | An action required or permitted to be taken at a shareholder meeting may be taken by written action signed, or consented to by authorized electronic communication, by all of the shareholders entitled to vote on that action. Such a written action is not effective if it is signed or consented to by fewer than all the shareholders entitled to vote on the action. | |||
Notice to Shareholders of Record Date | Notice of any meeting of shareholders must be given by the Trustees, chairman of the Trustees or president not less than 7 days nor more than 120 days before the date of the meeting.
The Trustees may set a record date for the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to vote or act at a shareholders’ meeting. The record date cannot be more than 120 days before the date of the meeting. | Written notice of any meeting of shareholders must be given by the Trustees at least 7 days before the meeting.
The Trustees may set a record date for the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a shareholder meeting. The record date cannot be more than 90 days or less than 7 days before the date of the meeting. | In general, shareholders who are entitled to vote at a shareholder meeting must be given notice of the meeting at least ten and not more than 60 days before the meeting. In certain cases, the notice of meeting must include specified information required by Minnesota law.
The Board of Directors can establish a record date for determining the shareholders who are entitled to vote at a shareholder meeting. The record date cannot be more than 60 days before the date of the meeting. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
Shareholder Proxies | Shareholders my vote in person or by proxy.
Unless the Trustees declare otherwise, proxies may be given by any electronic or telecommunications device, including telefacsimile, telephone or through the Internet, but if a proposal by anyone other than the officers or Trustees is submitted to a vote of the shareholders of any series or class, or if there is a proxy contest or proxy solicitation or proposal in opposition to any proposal by the officers or Trustees, shares may be voted only in person or by written proxy unless the Trustees specifically authorize other permissible methods of transmission.
The Trustees may appoint inspectors for any meeting of shareholders, and these inspectors are charged with, among other things, determining the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies | Shareholders may vote in person or by proxy.
A proxy with respect to shares held in the name of two or more persons will be valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a shareholder will be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity rests on the challenger. | At each shareholder meeting, the polls may be opened and closed, the proxies and ballots may be received and taken in charge, and all questions touching the qualification of voters, the validity of proxies, and acceptances or rejections of votes may be decided by two (2) inspectors of election.
Minnesota law provides that shareholders can submit proxies in writing or by telephonic transmission or authenticated electronic communication. It also provides that the Board of Directors can establish procedures whereby a record holder can certify in writing that another person is the beneficial owner of shares, and the beneficial owner then can vote the shares or appoint a proxy. | |||
Director/Trustee Power to Amend Organizational Document | The Trustees may, without shareholder vote, amend or otherwise supplement the Declaration of Trust; provided that shareholders have the right to vote on any amendment if expressly required under Delaware law or the 1940 Act, or submitted to shareholders by the Trustees at their discretion. | The Trustees may amend the Declaration of Trust at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees provided that notice of such amendment is transmitted promptly to shareholders of record.
The Trustees need not, however, provide notice of an amendment if the amendment is for the purpose of supplying an omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent provision contained in the Declaration of Trust, or having any other purpose which is ministerial or clerical in nature. | The Articles of Incorporation may be amended, altered, changed or repealed in a manner prescribed by the laws of the State of Minnesota. | |||
Termination of Corporation/Trust | The Trust and any series thereof may be terminated at any time by the Board of Trustees with written notice to shareholders. To the extent the 1940 Act expressly allows shareholders the power to vote on such | The Trust may be terminated by the Trustees with written notice to shareholders, or by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the shares of each series entitled to vote. | In order to dissolve a Minnesota corporation, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote is required. In order to discontinue an individual class or series of shares without dissolving the |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
terminations, the Trust or any series thereof may be terminated by a vote of a majority of shares entitled to vote. | Any series of or class may be terminated by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the shares of that series or class, or by the Trustees by written notice to the shareholders of that series or class. | the corporation, an amendment to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation is required. In order to adopt such an amendment, shareholders must approve the amendment by the affirmative vote of the greater of (i) a majority of the voting power of the shares of that class or series present and entitled to vote or (ii) a majority of the voting power of the minimum number of shares of such class or series entitled to vote that would constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the meeting (a “Minnesota Statutory Vote”).
The Board of Directors, acting without a shareholder vote, does not have the power to dissolve the corporation or to discontinue an individual class or series of shares. | ||||
Merger or Consolidation | The Trustees have the power to cause the Trust or any series to be merged or consolidated with another trust or company. The Trustees may accomplish such merger or consolidation with written notice to shareholders but without the vote of shareholders, unless such shareholder vote is required by law. | Subject to applicable laws, the Trustees may, without shareholder consent, cause the Trust or any series to be merged or consolidated with another trust or company. The Trustees may also transfer all or a substantial portion of the Trust’s assets to another fund or company. | In most cases, any merger or exchange in which a Minnesota corporation is not the continuing entity, and any sale of all or substantially all of the corporation’s property and assets not in the usual and regular course of its business, requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote.
Any sale of the assets belonging to an individual series of shares of a Minnesota corporation in exchange for shares of another corporation or trust or shares of another series of the corporation, while leaving other series of the corporation outstanding, would require an amendment to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation. In order to adopt such an amendment, shareholders of that series would have to approve the amendment by a Minnesota Statutory Vote. | |||
Removal of Directors/Trustees | A Trustee may be removed with or without cause at any time by a written instrument signed by at least two-thirds of the other Trustees. | Trustees may be removed with or without cause by majority vote of the Trustees. | Under Minnesota law, the Board of Directors can remove a Director by a majority vote of the remaining Directors, but only if the Director was appointed by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy and has not subsequently been elected by shareholders. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
In addition, if required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act, any Trustee may be removed at any meeting of the shareholders by a vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares. | In all other cases, a Director can only be removed by shareholder vote. In general, such removal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote at an election of Directors. However, where a corporation has cumulative voting (as do the Funds), unless the entire Board of Directors is removed simultaneously, a Director is not removed from the Board of Directors if there are cast against removal of the Director the votes of a proportion of the voting power sufficient to elect the Director at an election of the entire Board of Directors under cumulative voting. | |||||
Director/Trustee Committees | The Trust has two standing committees that may not be abolished: the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. Otherwise, the Trustees may, with a majority vote of the Trustees, appoint from their number other committees consisting of two or more Trustees which may be delegated such authority as the Trustees consider desirable. The Trustees may also abolish the non-standing committees with a majority vote of the Trustees.
Each committee may elect a chair and each committee must maintain records of its meetings and report its actions to the full Board of Trustees.
A majority of the authorized number of committee members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business of such committee, unless the Board of Trustees designates a lower percentage. | The Trustees may appoint from their own number and terminate committees consisting of one or more Trustees, which may exercise the powers and authority of the Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine. | The corporation’s By-Laws provide that the Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate an Executive Committee of two or more Directors, which may meet at stated times or on notice to all by any of their number during intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors. The Executive Committee will advise with and aid the officers of the Fund in all matters concerning its interests and the management of its business, and generally perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be delegated to it from time to time by the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors also may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, appoint any other committee or committees for any purpose or purposes, which committee or committees will have such powers as specified in the resolution of appointment. The quorum for such committee established by the Board of Directors is two members regardless of the number of members serving on the committee. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
Director/Trustee Liability | Trustees will be liable to the Trust by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Trustee’s office. | Trustees are not subject to personal liability, except by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee. Additionally, Trustees are not personally liable for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent, or employee of the Trust or for any act or omission of any other Trustee.
Trustees that are singled out as experts on particular issues, such as a chair of a committee, are not held to any higher standard than their non-expert counterparts. | To the full extent permitted by the laws of the State of Minnesota, no Director of the Fund will be liable to the Fund or to its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a Director but such limit on liability will be permitted only to the extent allowable under the provisions of the 1940 Act.
Under Minnesota law, the foregoing provision is not effective to eliminate a Director’s personal liability to the Funds or its shareholders for, among other things, (i) any breach of the Director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders; (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law; or (iii) any transaction from which the Director derived an improper personal benefit. | |||
Director/Trustee Indemnification | The Trust indemnifies the Trustees against expenses, judgments, fines and settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any civil or criminal proceeding or investigations, if it is determined that the Trustee acted in good faith and reasonably believed 1) that his or her conduct was in the Trust’s best interests, and 2) that his or her conduct was at least not opposed to the Trust’s best interests, and 3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, that he or she had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful.
A Trustee will not, however, be indemnified 1) with respect to any matters where the Trustee is | The Trust indemnifies each of its Trustees against all liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with the defense of any civil or criminal suit or action, except with respect to any matter (i) as to which a Trustee is finally adjudicated in any such action or proceeding not to have acted in good faith in reasonable belief that such Trustee’s action was in the best interests of the Trust; or (ii) where the Trustee acted in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Trustee’s office. | Each person made or threatened to be made a party to or is involved (including, without limitation, as a witness) in any actual or threatened action, suit or proceeding whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitration, or investigative, including a proceeding by or in the right of the Fund by reason of the former or present capacity as a Director of the Fund or who, while a Director of the Fund, is or was serving at the request of the Fund or whose duties as a Director involve or involved service as a director, officer, partner, |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
judged to be liable on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received, whether or not the benefit resulted from action taken in that Trustee’s official capacity, 2) with respect to any matter where the Trustee is judged to be liable in the performance of his or her duty to the Trust unless the adjudicator determines that the Trustee was not liable as the result of conduct in (1) above and that the Trustee is fairly entitled to indemnification, and 3) with respect to amounts paid to settle or dispose of an action with or without court approval unless a) approved by a majority vote of a quorum of Trustees who are not parties and are disinterested persons, or b) a written opinion of counsel is obtained.
Expenses incurred in defending any proceeding may be advanced by the Trust before the final disposition of a proceeding upon a written undertaking by the Trustee to repay the amount advanced if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification, together with at least on of the following conditions to the advance: 1) security for the undertaking, 2) the existence of insurance protecting the Trust against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or 3) a determination by a majority of a quorum of the Trustees who are not parties to the proceeding and are not interested persons of the Trust, or by an independent legal counsel, based on a review of the readily available facts that there is reason to believe that the Trustee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification. | Expenses, including counsel fees, so incurred by any such Trustee (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties) will be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Trustee to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under the By-Laws, provided, however, that either (a) such Trustee shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising from any such advance payments, or (c) either a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, will have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts, that there is reason to believe that such Trustee will be found entitled to indemnification under the By-Laws. | trustee or agent of another organization or employee benefit plan, whether the basis of any proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity or in any capacity while serving as a director, officer, partner, trustee or agent, will be indemnified and held harmless by the Fund to the full extent authorized by the Minnesota Business Corporation Act, as the same or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Fund to provide broader indemnification rights than the law permitted the Fund to provide prior to such amendment, or by any other applicable law as then in effect, against judgments, penalties, fines including, without limitation, excise taxes assessed against the person with respect to an employee benefit plan, settlements and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements, incurred in connection therewith and such indemnification will continue as to any person who has ceased to be a Director or officer and will inure to the benefit of the person’s heirs, executors and administrators provided, however, in an action brought against the Fund to enforce rights to indemnification, the Director will be indemnified only if the action was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Fund. The right to indemnification conferred by the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws is a contract right and includes the right to be paid by the Fund in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding for expenses incurred in connection therewith provided, however, such payment of expenses will be made only upon receipt of a written undertaking by the Director to repay all amounts so paid if it is ultimately determined that the Director is not entitled to indemnification.
Any indemnification under the Articles of Incorporation or the By-Laws is not exclusive of any other rights of indemnification to which the Directors might otherwise be entitled. No indemnification will be made in violation of the Investment Company Act of 1940. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
Dividends | The Trustees may declare and pay dividends and distributions to shareholders of each series from the assets of such series. | Dividends and distributions may be paid to shareholders from the Trust’s net income with the frequency as the Trustees may determine. | The corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide that the Directors may declare and pay dividends in their discretion at any time and from time to time to the extent and from such sources as permitted by the laws of the State of Minnesota. Under Minnesota law, the Board of Directors can authorize a dividend if it determines that the corporation will be able to pay its debts in the ordinary course of business after paying the dividend. | |||
Capitalization | The beneficial interest in the Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of shares, without par value. | The beneficial interest in the Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of shares without par value. | The Corporation’s articles of incorporation authorize the issuance of up to 10,000,000,000 shares of stock with a par value of $.01 per share. The Board of Directors can authorize the issuance of shares in such classes or series with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, or qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as are stated in the Board resolution establishing the class or series. The Board of Directors can, without shareholder approval, increase or decrease the total number of authorized shares, or the authorized shares of a class or series, in the manner and to the extent set forth under “Directors’ Power to Amend Articles of Incorporation/Trustees’ Power to Amend Declaration of Trust” above. | |||
Number of Directors/Trustees and Vacancies | The number of Trustees may be fixed by the Trustees from time to time by a written instrument signed, or a resolution approved at a duly constituted meeting, by a majority of the Trustees. Provided, however, that the number of Trustees cannot be fewer than 1 or more than 15.
Vacancies in the Board of Trustees may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, even if | The Trustees may fix the number of Trustees, fill vacancies in the Trustees, including vacancies arising from an increase in the number of Trustees, or remove Trustees with or without cause.
Shareholders may fix the number of Trustees and elect Trustees at any meeting of Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose and to the extent required by applicable | There may be no fewer than two or more than 15 Directors. If a vacancy occurs in the Board of Directors by reason of death, resignation or otherwise, such vacancy may be filled for the unexpired term by a majority vote of the remaining Directors, even if the remaining number of Directors is less than a quorum. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining Trustee, unless the Trustees call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees. In the event that at any time less than a majority of the Trustees holding office at that time were so elected by shareholders, the Board of Trustees will hold a shareholders’ meeting within 60 days for the election of Trustees to fill such vacancies on the board. | law, including paragraphs (a) and (b) of Section 16 of the 1940 Act.
Each Trustee serves during the continued lifetime of the Trust until he or she dies, resigns or is removed, or, if sooner, until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her successor. | |||||
Independent Chair of the Board | The Declaration of Trust does not require an independent chair of the Board of Trustees. | The Declaration of Trust and By-Laws do not require an independent chair of the board of Trustees. | The Corporation’s By-Laws require the Board of Directors to elect one independent member to serve as Chair of the Board of Directors whose duties include serving as the lead independent Director. | |||
Inspection of Books and Records | The original or a copy of the Declaration of Trust, and of each amendment thereto, is kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any shareholder. | The original or a copy of the Declaration of Trust, and of each amendment thereto, is kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any shareholder. | Minnesota law requires the corporation (each Fund) to keep (i) a share register containing the names and addresses of its shareholders and the number and classes of shares held by each; (ii) records of all proceedings of shareholders for the last three years; (iii) records of all proceedings of the Board of Directors for the last three years; (iv) its Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as amended; (v) certain financial statements which Minnesota law requires the corporation (each Fund) to prepare; (vi) all reports to shareholders generally within the last three years; and (vii) a statement of the names and usual business addresses of its Directors and principal officers. The Fund’s shareholders and beneficial owners have the right, upon written demand stating the purpose, at any reasonable time to examine and copy those records which are reasonably related to the stated purpose, provided that the stated purpose is reasonably related to the person’s interest as a shareholder or beneficial owner. | |||
Involuntary Redemption of Accounts | The Trustees may redeem, repurchase and transfer shares pursuant to applicable law. | The Trust has the right at its option and at any time to redeem shares of any shareholder at the net asset value thereof: (i) if at such time such | The Fund may redeem the shares of a shareholder if the amount invested is less than an amount determined by the Board of Directors |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | |||
shareholder owns shares of any series or class having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) to the extent that such shareholder owns shares equal to or in excess of a percentage determined from time to time by the Trustees of the outstanding shares of the Trust or of any series or class. | and set forth in the current Fund prospectus. |
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Exhibit E
Executive Officer and Director Information
Information regarding the current executive officers of each [[RiverSource Company]], and the principal executive officer and directors of Columbia Management, is shown below.
Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Companies and Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Position with Columbia Management and Year First Elected or | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
J. Kevin Connaughton (Born 1964) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | President (Principal Executive Officer) (2010) | Senior Vice President and General Manager – Mutual Fund Products (2010) | President, Columbia Funds since 2009 (previously Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, June 2008 – January 2009); President, Atlantic Funds and Nations Funds since 2009; Managing Director of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, December 2004 – April 2010; Treasurer, Columbia Funds, October 2003 – May 2008; Treasurer, the Liberty Funds, Stein Roe Funds and Liberty All-Start Funds, December 2000 – December 2006; Senior Vice President – Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, April 2003 – December 2004; President, Columbia Funds, Liberty Funds and Stein Roe Funds, February 2004 – October 2004 | |||
Amy K. Johnson (Born 1965) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Vice President (2006) | Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (2010) | Chief Administrative Officer, Columbia Management, 2009 – April 2010 (previously Vice President – Asset Management and Trust Company Services, 2006 – 2009 and Vice President – Operations and Compliance, 2004 – 2006); Senior Vice President, Columbia Funds, Atlantic Funds and Nations Funds since May 2010; Director of Product Development – Mutual Funds, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. 2001 – 2004 | |||
Jeffrey P. Fox (Born [1955]) 105Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Treasurer (2002) | [None] | Chief Financial Officer, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, LLC (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.) and of Seligman Data Corp. since 2008; Vice President – Investment Accounting, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since 2002; Chief Financial Officer, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006 | |||
Scott R. Plummer (Born 1959) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (2006) | Vice President and Chief Legal Officer (2005) | Vice President and Lead Chief Counsel – Asset Management, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously Vice President and Chief Counsel – Asset Management, from 2005 to April 2010, and Vice President – Asset Management Compliance from 2004 to 2005); Vice President, Chief Counsel and Assistant Secretary, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since 2008; Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2005; Chief Counsel, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006; Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Columbia Funds, since 2010; Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Columbia Funds, since May 2010. | |||
Michael A. Jones (Born 1959) 100 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110 | Vice President (2010) | Director and President (2010) | President and Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010; Manager, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from November 2006 to April 2010; previously, co-president and senior managing director at Robeco Investment Management. | |||
Colin Moore (Born 1958) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Senior Vice President (2010) | Director and Chief Investment Officer (2010) | Manager, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Head of Equities, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2002 to 2007. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Companies and Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Position with Columbia Management and Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
Linda J. Wondrack (Born 1964) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Vice President (2010) | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (2010) | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer, Columbia Funds, since 2007; Director (Columbia Management Group, LLC and Investment Product Group Compliance), Bank of America, from June 2005 to April 2010; Director of Corporate Compliance and Conflicts Officer of MFS Investment Management (investment management) from August 2004 to May 2005. | |||
Neysa M. Alecu (Born [1964]) 2934 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Money Laundering Prevention Officer since 11/9/05 and Identity Theft Prevention Officer since 2008 | [None] | Vice President – Compliance, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., since 2008; Anti-Money Laundering Officer and Identity Theft Prevent Officer, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.) since 2008; Anti-Money Laundering Officer, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., since 2005; Compliance Director, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., 2004 – 2008 | |||
Stephen T. Welsh (Born 1957) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | [None] | President and Director (2010) | President and Director, Columbia Management Services, Inc. from July 2004 to April 2010; Managing Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from August 2007 to April 2010; Vice President, Columbia Funds, since 2006 | |||
Brian J. McGrane [ADDRESS] | [None] | Director, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | [—] |
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Exhibit F
Total directors/trustees’ fees paid by each Fund and the [[Companies]] to the directors/trustees are listed below for each Fund’s last fiscal year. No director/trustee listed below received pension or retirement benefits accrued as part of any Fund’s expenses in any Fund’s last fiscal year. All directors/trustees receive reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to their attendance at meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Boards or standing Committees, which are not reflected in the amounts shown.
Independent Director/Trustee Compensation from Funds
Fund | Blatz1 | Carlson2 | Carlton3 | Flynn4 | Jones5 | Laikind6 | ||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending January 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | $ | 294 | $ | 303 | $ | 273 | $ | 282 | $ | 295 | $ | 273 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 96 | $ | 91 | $ | 0 | $ | 25 | ||||||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | $ | 928 | $ | 954 | $ | 862 | $ | 887 | $ | 928 | $ | 862 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 302 | $ | 287 | $ | 0 | $ | 80 | ||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending September 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | $ | 1,543 | $ | 1,585 | $ | 1,436 | $ | 1,491 | $ | 1,543 | $ | 1,436 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 392 | $ | 534 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | $ | 544 | $ | 559 | $ | 505 | $ | 523 | $ | 544 | $ | 506 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 155 | $ | 179 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
1 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Blatz deferred $0 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Blatz’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
2 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Carlson deferred $0 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Carlson’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
3 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Carlton deferred $64,000 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Carlton’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
4 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Flynn deferred $49,500 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Flynn’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
5 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Jones deferred $0 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Jones’ account under that plan was $[—]. |
6 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Laikind deferred $0 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Laikind’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
Fund | Lewis7 | Maher8 | Paglia9 | Richie10 | Taunton- Rigby11 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending January 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | $ | 677 | $ | 265 | $ | 303 | $ | 282 | $ | 282 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 105 | $ | 265 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | $ | 2,129 | $ | 834 | $ | 954 | $ | 887 | $ | 887 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 329 | $ | 834 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending September 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | $ | 3,469 | $ | 1,042 | $ | 1,614 | $ | 1,297 | $ | 1,477 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 529 | $ | 940 | $ | 477 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | $ | 1,238 | $ | 397 | $ | 567 | $ | 475 | $ | 520 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 188 | $ | 369 | $ | 123 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
7 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Lewis deferred $60,000 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Lewis account under that plan was $[—]. |
8 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Maher deferred $ 155,000of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Maher account under that plan was $[—]. |
9 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Paglia deferred $0 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Paglia’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
10 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Richie deferred $0 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Richie’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
11 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Taunton-Rigby deferred $0 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Taunton-Rigby’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
Interested Director/Trustee Compensation from Funds
Fund | Truscott1 | |||
For Funds with fiscal years ending January 31 | ||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | $ | 0 |
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Fund | Truscott1 | |||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For Funds with fiscal years ending September 30 | ||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 |
1 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Truscott deferred $0 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Truscott’s account under that plan was $0. |
Aggregate Independent Director/Trustee Compensation for Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Total Compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex Paid to Independent Directors/Trustees for Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009(a) | ||||
Kathleen Blatz | $ | 172,500 | ||
Arne H. Carlson | $ | 177,500 | ||
Pamela G. Carlton | $ | 160,000 | ||
Patricia M. Flynn | $ | 165,000 | ||
Anne P. Jones | $ | 172,500 | ||
Jeffrey Laikind | $ | 160,000 | ||
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. | $ | 400,000 | ||
John F. Maher | $ | 155,000 | ||
Catherine James Paglia | $ | 177,500 | ||
Leroy C. Richie | $ | 165,000 | ||
Alison Taunton-Rigby | $ | 165,000 |
(a) | Board member compensation is a combination of a base fee and meeting fees, with the exception of the Chair of the Board, who receives a base annual compensation. Payment of compensation is administered by a company providing limited administrative services to the funds and to the Board. |
Aggregate Interested Director/Trustee Compensation for Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Total Compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex Paid to Interested Directors/Trustee for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009 | ||||
William F. Truscott | $ | 0 |
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Exhibit G
As of [—], the Nominees and officers of the Companies, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of each class of shares of each Fund. The table below shows, for each Nominee, the amount of shares of each Fund beneficially owned by the Nominee. It also shows the aggregate value of all investments in shares of the Combined Funds Complex overseen or to be overseen by the Nominees, including notional amounts through the Deferred Compensation Agreement. Ownership information is presented in the following ranges: A = $0; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Independent Nominee Ownership as of December 31, 2009
Fund | Kathleen Blatz | Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. | Pamela G. Carlton | William P. Carmichael | Patricia M. Flynn | William A. Hawkins | ||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | A | A | A | A | C | A | ||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E | E* | E | D* | A |
* | Total includes deferred compensation invested in share equivalents |
Fund | R. Glenn Hilliard | Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. | John F. Maher | John J. Nagorniak | Catherine James Paglia | Leroy C. Richie | ||||||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | A | A | A | A | A | B | ||||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E* | E* | E | E* | E |
* | Total includes deferred compensation invested in share equivalents |
Fund | Alison Taunton- Rigby | Minor M. Shaw | ||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | D | A | ||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E |
Interested Nominee Ownership as of December 31, 2009
Fund | William F. Truscott | Anthony M. Santomero | ||
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | E | A | ||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E |
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Exhibit H
Board Governance Committee Charter
RIVERSOURCE FUNDS BOARD
Board Governance Committee Charter
Introduction
The Board of Directors/Trustees of each RiverSource Fund (the “Board”) is responsible for protecting the interests of each RiverSource Fund (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) and its shareholders. In this connection, the Boar25458373_13d has established a Board Governance Committee (the “Committee”). The Board has adopted this Board Governance Committee Charter (the “Charter”) for purposes of delineating the scope of the Committee’s authority and responsibility, and defining key attributes of the Committee and its members.
Committee Purpose
The mission of the Committee under this Charter is to review and oversee Fund governance matters, including protecting and furthering the interest of the Funds and their shareholders on external matters.
Committee Authority and Responsibilities
To carry out its purpose, the Committee shall have the following powers and duties:
• | Governance Matters |
• | Make recommendations to the Board on: |
• | The responsibilities and duties of the Board; |
• | The criteria to be used to determine the size and structure of the Board, and the background and characteristics of Independent Directors/Trustees of the Board (the “Independent Directors”); |
• | The persons to serve as Board members based on approved criteria whenever necessary to fill a vacancy or in conjunction with a regular meeting of shareholders in which nominees are required to be submitted for a vote of shareholders; |
• | The process for conducting the annual evaluation of the Board’s performance; |
• | The nomination of the Board Chair, the members to serve on each committee of the Board, and the member who should serve as Chair of each committee; and |
• | The compensation to be paid to the Independent Directors. |
• | Have one or more of its members meet personally with each candidate for Board membership to evaluate the candidate’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board, while also exercising independent judgment. |
• | Consider the individual professional and personal backgrounds of each Board candidate or nominee and assess how those would fit into the mix of experiences represented by the then-current Board. |
• | Oversee the proxy voting policies and procedures with respect to voting proxies relating to portfolio securities. |
• | Assist the Board Chair in furthering the interests of the Funds and their shareholders with respect to matters involving regulatory, governmental and investor organizations. |
• | Reporting to Board |
• | The Committee shall report quarterly to the Board, or more frequently as appropriate, on matters considered, conclusions reached, and action taken by the Committee. Recommendations to the Board or action recommended to be taken by the Board will be at the discretion of the Committee members and the Committee Chair. |
The Committee shall be assigned such additional areas of responsibility as appropriate to assist the Board in meeting its fiduciary duties in an efficient and effective manner.
The members of the Committee shall serve as the directors of Board Services Corporation (“BSC”) as provided by the Operating Guidelines of BSC.
Committee Operations
The agenda for each Committee meeting shall be prepared under the direction and control of the Chair.
The Committee shall ordinarily meet in person; however, members may attend telephonically, and the Committee may act by written consent, to the extent permitted by law and by the Funds’ bylaws.
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The Committee shall have the authority to meet privately and to admit non-members individually.
The Committee shall prepare and retain minutes of its meetings and appropriate documentation of decisions made outside of meetings by delegated authority.
The Committee shall evaluate its performance at least annually.
Committee Membership
The Committee shall be comprised exclusively of Independent Directors. Each member of the Committee, including the Chair, will be appointed by the vote of a majority of the Independent Directors then serving on the Board. Members of the Committee will serve at the pleasure of the Independent Directors on the Board.
Meetings
The Committee meets on the dates established on an annual agenda. The Committee may hold additional meetings as called by the Committee Chair, the Board Chair, or any two members of the Committee. A majority of the Committee will constitute a quorum. Every act done or decision made by a majority of the Committee members present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present will be regarded as the act of the Committee. At each meeting, the Committee will hold an executive session for Committee members and Independent Counsel only.
Miscellaneous
The Committee will have the resources and authority appropriate to discharge its responsibilities, including authority to retain experts or consultants, subject to the approval of the Independent Directors.
The Committee will review this Charter periodically, and will recommend any changes to the Board. The Board will initially review this Charter, and thereafter will review any material changes to this Charter recommended by the Committee. Board approval is required for initial adoption and any material changes to this Charter.
Effective Date
Adopted by the Board on January 10, 2008, amended on November 12, 2009 and further amended on January 13, 2010.
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[—], 2010
This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) relates to the following proposed reorganizations (the “Reorganizations”):
1. | Reorganization of RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, a series of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc. (a “Selling Fund”), into Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, a series of Columbia Funds Series Trust (a “Buying Fund”) |
2. | Reorganization of RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, a series of RiverSource Market Advantage Series, Inc. (a “Selling Fund”), into Columbia Small Cap Index Fund, a series of Columbia Funds Series Trust (a “Buying Fund”) |
3. | Reorganization of RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund, a series of RiverSource Strategic Allocation Series, Inc. (a “Selling Fund”), into Columbia Strategic Income Fund, a series of Columbia Funds Series Trust I (a “Buying Fund”). |
4. | Reorganization of RiverSource Balanced Fund, a series of RiverSource Investment Series, Inc. (a “Selling Fund”), into Columbia Balanced Fund, a series of Columbia Funds Series Trust I (a “Buying Fund”). |
This SAI contains information which may be of interest to shareholders of the Selling Funds but which is not included in the combined Prospectus/Proxy Statement dated [—] (the “Proxy Statement/Prospectus”) which relates to the Reorganizations. As described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, the Reorganizations would involve the transfer of all the assets of each Selling Fund in exchange for shares of the Buying Fund and the assumption of all the liabilities of each Selling Fund by the Buying Fund. Each Selling Fund would distribute the Buying Fund shares it receives to its shareholders in complete liquidation of each Selling Fund.
This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Proxy Statement/Prospectus. The Proxy Statement/Prospectus has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is available upon request and without charge by writing to the Buying Funds at c/o Columbia Management Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, or by calling 800.345.6611.
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Additional Information about Each Buying Fund
Attached hereto as Appendix A is the Statement of Additional Information of Columbia Large Cap Index Fund and Columbia Small Cap Index Fund dated September 27, 2010, as supplemented.
Attached hereto as Appendix B is the Statement of Additional Information of Columbia Balanced Fund and Columbia Strategic Income Fund dated November 1, 2010, as supplemented.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at 125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110-1707, is the independent registered public accounting firm for each Buying Fund, providing audit and tax return review services and assistance and consultation in connection with the review of various Securities and Exchange Commission filings. Ernst & Young, LLP, located at 220 South 6th Street, Suite 1400, Minneapolis, MN 55402, is the independent registered public accounting firm for each Selling Fund, providing audit and other accounting and tax-related services as requested by such Selling Fund. The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Financial Highlights and Financial Statements included in Columbia Large Cap Index Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2010 and Semiannual Report to Shareholders for the period ended August 31, 2010; Columbia Small Cap Index Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2010 and Semiannual Report to Shareholders for the period ended August 31, 2010; Columbia Strategic Income Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2010; and Columbia Balanced Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010 are incorporated by reference into this SAI. The audited financial statements for each Buying Fund incorporated by reference into this SAI have been so included and incorporated in reliance upon the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The audited financial statements for RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund, RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund and RiverSource Balanced Fund incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement/Prospectus have been so included and incorporated in reliance upon the reports of Ernst & Young LLP, given on their authority as experts in auditing and accounting except for the information for the periods ended on or before January 31, 2007 for RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund and RiverSource Small Company Index Fund, and the information for the periods ended on or before September 30, 2006 for RiverSource Balanced Fund, which has been audited by other auditors.
Pro forma financial statements of the Buying Fund for the Reorganizations are attached hereto as Appendix C.
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Appendix A - Statement of Additional Information of Columbia Large Cap Index Fund and Columbia Small Cap Index Fund
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Columbia Management®
COLUMBIA FUNDS SERIES TRUST | ||
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | ||
September 27, 2010 |
Fund | ||||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II | ||||||
Class A: PHAAX | Class B: NBASX | Class C: NAACX | Class Z: NPRAX | |||
Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NACMX | Class B: — | Class C: — | Class Z: NCMAX | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund | ||||||
Class A: PACIX | Class B: NCVBX | Class C: PHIKX | Class I: — | |||
Class Z: NCIAX | ||||||
Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NGIMX | Class B: NGITX | Class C: NGINX | Class Z: NGAMX | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund | ||||||
Class A: NVVAX | Class B: NGLBX | Class C: NCGLX | Class Z: NVPAX | |||
Columbia High Income Fund | ||||||
Class A: NAHAX | Class B: NHYBX | Class C: NYICX | Class Z: NYPAX | |||
Columbia International Value Fund | ||||||
Class A: NIVLX | Class B: NBIVX | Class C: NVICX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CIVRX | Class Z: EMIEX | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund | ||||||
Class A: NSGAX | Class B: NSIBX | Class C: NSGCX | Class I: — | |||
Class W: CLCWX | Class Z: NSEPX | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ||||||
Class A: NMIAX | Class R: CCERX | Class I: — | Class Y: CECYX | |||
Class Z: NMIMX | ||||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund | ||||||
Class A: NEIAX | Class B: CLIBX | Class Z: NINDX | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund | ||||||
Class A: NVLEX | Class B: NVLNX | Class C: NVALX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CVURX | Class W: CLVWX | Class Y: CLCYX | Class Z: NVLUX | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ||||||
Class A: NBIAX | Class B: NLBBX | Class C: NBICX | Class R: CLBRX | |||
Class Z: NBGPX | ||||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ||||||
Class A: NLGIX | Class B: NLGBX | Class C: NLGCX | Class R: CLGRX | |||
Class Z: NGPAX | ||||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ||||||
Class A: NLGAX | Class B: NLIBX | Class C: NIICX | Class R: CLIRX | |||
Class Z: NIPAX | ||||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||
Class A: NLFAX | Class B: NLOBX | Class C: NLFCX | Class Z: CLGZX | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund | ||||||
Class A: NMTAX | Class B: NMTBX | Class C: NMYCX | Class R: CMTRX | |||
Class Z: NMYAX | ||||||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ||||||
Class A: NFEAX | Class B: NFEBX | Class C: NFECX | Class I: — | |||
Class Z: NFEPX | ||||||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund | ||||||
Class A: COGAX | Class C: COGCX | Class R: COGRX | Class Z: COGZX |
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Fund | ||||||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund | ||||||
Class A: NMGIX | Class B: NGIBX | Class C: NMICX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CMWRX | Class W: CMSWX | Class Z: NGIPX | ||||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||||||
Class A: MAIOX | Class B: MBIOX | Class C: MCIOX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CMORX | Class Z: NMOAX | |||||
Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NMDMX | Class B: NMITX | Class C: NMINX | Class Z: NMDBX | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio | ||||||
Class A: CMTAX | Class B: CMTBX | Class C: CMTCX | Class R: CMERX | |||
Class Z: CMTZX | ||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund | ||||||
Class A: NTIAX | Class R: — | Class Z: NMPAX | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund | ||||||
Class A: CMUAX | Class B: CMUBX | Class C: CMUCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CMVRX | Class R4*: — | Class W: CMUWX | Class Y: CMVYX | |||
Class Z: NAMAX | ||||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||
Class A: NIIAX | Class B: NIENX | Class C: NITRX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CIERX | Class R4*: — | Class W: CMAWX | Class Z: NEIQX | |||
Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NNCIX | Class B: NNITX | Class C: NNINX | Class Z: NNIBX | |||
Columbia Overseas Value Fund | ||||||
Class A: –– | Class C: — | Class R: — | Class Z: COSZX | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NSTRX | Class B: NSTFX | Class C: NSTIX | Class I: –– | |||
Class R: CSBRX | Class R4*: — | Class W: CSBWX | Class Y: CSBYX | |||
Class Z: NSTMX | ||||||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NSMMX | Class B: NSMNX | Class C: NSMUX | Class Z: NSMIX | |||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II | ||||||
Class A: NSCGX | Class B: NCPBX | Class C: NCPCX | Class Z: PSCPX | |||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | ||||||
Class A: NMSAX | Class Z: NMSCX | |||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II | ||||||
Class A: COVAX | Class B: COVBX | Class C: COVCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CCTRX | Class Z: NSVAX | |||||
Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NSCIX | Class B: NISCX | Class C: NSICX | Class Z: NSCMX | |||
Columbia Total Return Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NSFAX | Class B: NSFNX | Class C: NSFCX | Class Z: NSFIX | |||
Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: NVAFX | Class B: NVANX | Class C: NVRCX | Class Z: NVABX | |||
Columbia Corporate Bond Portfolio | ||||||
Shares: NCOBX | ||||||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | ||||||
Shares: NMTGX |
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This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus, is not a substitute for reading any prospectus and is intended to be read in conjunction with a Fund’s current prospectus. Share classes marked with an “*” have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI. The most recent annual report for each Fund, which includes the Fund’s audited financial statements for its most recent fiscal period, are incorporated by reference into this SAI.
Copies of the Funds’ current prospectuses and annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained without charge by writing Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, by calling Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or by visiting the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiamanagement.com.
C-6518 A (9/10)
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149 | ||||
General Brokerage Policy, Brokerage Transactions and Broker Selection | 149 | |||
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The SAI is a part of the Funds’ registration statement that is filed with the SEC. The registration statement includes the Funds’ prospectuses, the SAI and certain exhibits. The SAI, and any supplements to it, can be found online at www.columbiamanagement.com, or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The SAI generally provides additional information about the Funds that is not required to be in the Funds’ prospectuses. The SAI expands discussions of certain matters described in the Funds’ prospectuses and provides certain additional information about the Funds that may be of interest to some investors. Among other things, the SAI provides information about:
• | the organization of the Trust; |
• | the Funds’ investments; |
• | the Funds’ investment adviser, investment subadviser(s) (if any) and other service providers, including roles and relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and conflicts of interest; |
• | the governance of the Funds; |
• | the Funds’ brokerage practices; |
• | the share classes offered by the Funds; |
• | the purchase, redemption and pricing of Fund shares; and |
• | the application of U.S. federal income tax laws. |
Investors may find this information important and helpful. If you have any questions about the Funds, please call Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or contact your financial advisor.
Before reading the SAI, you should consult the Glossary below, which defines certain of the terms used in the SAI.
Glossary
1933 Act | Securities Act of 1933, as amended | |
1934 Act | Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended | |
1940 Act | Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended | |
Administrative Services Agreement | The administrative services agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Administrator | |
Administrator | Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC | |
Adviser | Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC | |
Ameriprise Financial | Ameriprise Financial, Inc. | |
Asset Allocation Fund II | Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II | |
BANA | Bank of America, National Association | |
Bank of America | Bank of America Corporation | |
BFDS/DST | Boston Financial Data Services, Inc./DST Systems, Inc. | |
Board | The Trust’s Board of Trustees | |
Brandes | Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. |
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California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
CMOs | Collateralized mortgage obligations | |
Code | Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
Codes of Ethics | The codes of ethics adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act | |
Columbia Funds Complex | The mutual fund complex that is comprised of the open-end investment management companies advised by the Adviser or its affiliates and principally underwritten by Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc., including funds using the RiverSource, Threadneedle and Seligman brands and funds using the Columbia brand | |
Columbia Funds or Columbia Funds Family | The funds within the Columbia Funds Complex using the Columbia brand | |
Convertible Securities Fund | Columbia Convertible Securities Fund | |
Custodian or State Street | State Street Bank and Trust Company | |
Distribution Agreement | The distribution agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Distributor | |
Distribution Plan(s) | One or more of the plans adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the distribution of the Funds’ shares | |
Distributor | Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. | |
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | |
Feeder Fund(s) | One or more of the series of CFST that invests all of its assets in a corresponding Master Portfolio that is a series of Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC (CMIT) | |
FHLMC | The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | |
Fitch | Fitch, Inc. | |
FNMA | Federal National Mortgage Association | |
The Fund(s) or a Fund | One or more of the open-end management investment companies listed on the front cover of this SAI that are series of the Trust. | |
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Global Value Fund | Columbia Global Value Fund | |
GNMA | Government National Mortgage Association | |
High Income Fund | Columbia High Income Fund | |
Independent Trustees | The Trustees of the Board who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds | |
Interested Trustee | A Trustee of the Board who is currently treated as an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds | |
International Value Fund | Columbia International Value Fund |
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Investment Management Services Agreement | The investment management services agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Adviser | |
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement | The investment subadvisory agreement among the Trust on behalf of the Fund(s), the Adviser and a Fund’s investment subadviser(s), as the context may require | |
IRS | United States Internal Revenue Service | |
Large Cap Core Fund | Columbia Large Cap Core Fund | |
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | |
Large Cap Index Fund | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund | |
Large Cap Value Fund | Columbia Large Cap Value Fund | |
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | |
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | |
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | |
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | |
LifeGoal® Portfolios | Each of LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio and LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | |
LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate | |
MacKay Shields | MacKay Shields LLC, the investment subadviser to High Income Fund | |
Marsico | Marsico Capital Management, LLC | |
Marsico 21st Century Fund | Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund | |
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund | |
Marsico Global Fund | Columbia Marsico Global Fund | |
Marsico Growth Fund | Columbia Marsico Growth Fund | |
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund | |
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Masters International Equity Portfolio | Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio | |
Mid Cap Index Fund | Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund | |
Mid Cap Value Fund | Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund | |
Moody’s | Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. | |
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | |
NASDAQ | National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations system |
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North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
NRSRO | Nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (such as Moody’s, Fitch or S&P) | |
NSCC | National Securities Clearing Corporation | |
NYSE | New York Stock Exchange | |
Overseas Value Fund | Columbia Overseas Value Fund | |
The Portfolio(s) or a Portfolio | One or more of the open-end management investment companies listed on the front cover of this SAI that are series of the Trust | |
Previous Administrator | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
Previous Adviser | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
Previous Distributor | Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. | |
Previous Transfer Agent | Columbia Management Services, Inc. | |
REIT | Real estate investment trust | |
REMIC | Real estate mortgage investment conduit | |
RIC | A “regulated investment company,” as such term is used in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
S&P | Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“Standard & Poor’s” and “S&P” are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and have been licensed for use by the Adviser. The Columbia Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Standard & Poor’s and Standard & Poor’s makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Columbia Funds). | |
SAI | This Statement of Additional Information | |
SEC | United States Securities and Exchange Commission | |
Selling Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a sales support agreement with the Distributor | |
Servicing Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a shareholder servicing agreement with the Distributor | |
Short Term Bond Fund | Columbia Short Term Bond Fund | |
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | |
Small Cap Growth Fund II | Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II | |
Small Cap Index Fund | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | |
Small Cap Value Fund II | Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II | |
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Total Return Bond Fund | Columbia Total Return Bond Fund |
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Transfer Agency Agreement | The transfer agency agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. | |
Transfer Agent | Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. | |
The Trust | Columbia Funds Series Trust, the registered investment company in the Columbia Funds Family to which this SAI relates | |
Trustee(s) | One or more of the Board’s Trustees | |
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund |
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The Trust is a registered investment company under the 1940 Act within the Columbia Funds Family. Columbia Funds currently include more than 100 mutual funds in major asset classes, and the Adviser had approximately $301.8 billion assets under management as of June 30, 2010.
The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust, a form of entity now known as a statutory trust, on October 22, 1999. On September 26, 2005, the Trust changed its name from Nations Funds Trust to Columbia Funds Series Trust.
Funds and portfolios that bore the “Columbia” and “Columbia Acorn” brands prior to September 27, 2010 are collectively referred to herein as the Legacy Columbia funds. For a list of Legacy Columbia funds, see Appendix E. Funds and portfolios that historically bore the RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle brands, including those renamed to bear the “Columbia” brand effective September 27, 2010, as well as certain other funds are collectively referred to as the Legacy RiverSource funds. For a list of Legacy RiverSource funds, see Appendix F.
Funds with a fiscal year end of February 28
On or about September 26, 2005, the names of certain of the Funds were changed as follows: Nations Convertible Securities Fund to Columbia Convertible Securities Fund, Nations Value Fund to Columbia Large Cap Value Fund, Nations Marsico 21st Century Fund to Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund, Nations MidCap Value Fund to Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund, Nations SmallCap Value Fund to Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II, Nations Strategic Growth Fund to Columbia Large Cap Core Fund, Nations Marsico Focused Equities Fund to Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund, Nations Marsico Growth Fund to Columbia Marsico Growth Fund, Nations Small Company Fund to Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II, Nations Global Value Fund to Columbia Global Value Fund, Nations Marsico International Opportunities Fund to Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund, Nations International Equity Fund to Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund, Nations International Value Fund to Columbia International Value Fund, Nations LargeCap Index Fund to Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Nations MidCap Index Fund to Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Nations SmallCap Index Fund to Columbia Small Cap Index Fund and Nations LargeCap Enhanced Core Fund to Nations Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund.
On February 28, 2008, each of Large Cap Core Fund, Marsico Focused Equities Fund and Small Cap Growth Fund II converted from a feeder fund in a master/feeder structure to a stand-alone fund. On November 10, 2008, Marsico Growth Fund converted from a feeder fund in a master/feeder structure to a stand-alone fund.
Prior to August 2006, Convertible Securities Fund, Global Value Fund, Large Cap Value Fund, Marsico 21st Century Fund, Marsico International Opportunities Fund, Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund, Mid Cap Value Fund, Small Cap Value Fund II, Large Cap Index Fund, Mid Cap Index Fund, Small Cap Index Fund, Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund each had a fiscal year end of March 31.
Prior to October 2007, International Value Fund, Large Cap Core Fund, Marsico Focused Equities Fund, Marsico Growth Fund and Small Cap Growth Fund II each had a fiscal year end of March 31.
International Value Fund is a Feeder Fund that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing substantially all of its assets in another mutual fund (the Master Portfolio) with the same investment objective, principal investment strategies and investment risks. The Master Portfolio is a separate series of Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC. As of March 30, 2007, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC converted from a Delaware statutory trust to a Delaware limited liability company. Remember that the terms “Fund” and “Master Portfolio” are sometimes used interchangeably in this SAI.
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Each of the Funds represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end management investment company. Each of the Funds is diversified, except Marsico Focused Equities Fund. Each of the Funds has a fiscal year end of February 28. For more information on the classes of shares offered by the Funds, see Capital Stock and Other Securities.
Funds with a fiscal year end of March 31
On September 26, 2005, the names of certain of the Funds were changed as follows: Asset Allocation Fund to Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II, Nations California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund to Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Nations Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund to Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Nations Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund to Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Nations North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund to Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Nations South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund to Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and Nations Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund to Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Nations Short-Term Income Fund to Columbia Short Term Bond Fund, Nations Short-Term Municipal Income Fund to Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund, Nations Bond Fund to Columbia Total Return Bond Fund, Nations High Yield Bond Fund to Columbia High Income Fund, Nations LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio to Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, Nations LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio to Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, Nations LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio to Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio and Nations LifeGoal® Income Portfolio to Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio.
On February 28, 2008, High Income Fund converted from a feeder fund in a master/feeder structure to a stand-alone fund.
Each of the LifeGoal® Portfolios is a “fund of funds” that invests its assets in a mix of Underlying Funds using an asset allocation approach.
Masters International Equity Portfolio was first offered as a series of the Trust on February 15, 2006. The Portfolio is a “fund of funds” that invests its assets in a mix of Underlying Funds using an asset allocation approach.
Each of the Funds represents a separate series of the Trust and, except for the Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, is an open-end diversified management investment company. Each of the Funds has a fiscal year end of March 31. For more information on the classes of shares offered by the Funds, see Capital Stock and Other Securities.
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The investment objectives, principal investment strategies (i.e., as used in this SAI and the corresponding prospectuses, a strategy which generally involves the ability to invest 10% or more of a Fund’s total assets) and related principal risks for each Fund are discussed in each Fund’s prospectuses.
Certain Investment Activity Limits
The overall investment and other activities of the Adviser and its affiliates may limit the investment opportunities for each Fund in certain markets where limitations are imposed by regulators upon the amount of investment by affiliated investors, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. From time to time, each Fund’s activities also may be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to the Adviser and its affiliates and/or because of their internal policies. See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
The following discussion of “fundamental” and “non-fundamental” investment policies and limitations for each Fund supplements the discussion of investment policies in the Funds’ prospectuses. A fundamental policy may be changed only with Board and shareholder approval. A non-fundamental policy may be changed by the Board and does not require shareholder approval, but may require notice to shareholders in certain instances.
Unless otherwise noted, whenever an investment policy or limitation states a maximum percentage of a Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding an investment standard, compliance with such percentage limitation or standard will be determined solely at the time of the Fund’s acquisition of such security or asset. Borrowings and other instruments that may give rise to leverage and the restriction on investing in illiquid securities are monitored on an ongoing basis.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The 1940 Act provides that a “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund, or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. The following fundamental investment policies cannot be changed without such a vote.
Overseas Value Fund may not, as a matter of fundamental policy:
1. | Underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the 1933 Act except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies; |
2. | Purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein; |
3. | Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts; |
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4. | Purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; |
5. | Make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; |
6. | Borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; and |
7. | Purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) a Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, or any applicable exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. |
Each Fund other than Overseas Value Fund may not, as a matter of fundamental policy:
1. | Underwrite any issue of securities within the meaning of the 1933 Act except when it might technically be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with its investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered management investment companies; |
2. | Purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate and may purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate; |
3. | Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment objective, invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, and purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions, including, without limitation, forward currency contracts; |
4. | Purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, any state or territory of the United States, or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Funds; |
5. | Make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Funds; |
6. | Borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Funds; and |
7. | Except Marsico Focused Equities Fund and Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the |
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securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations; and (ii) a Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Funds. |
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, each will invest at least 80% of its assets in securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax, other than the federal alternative minimum tax, and state individual income tax.
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, Short Term Municipal Bond Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax, other than the federal alternative minimum tax.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Fund | May Not Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities(a) | May not sell securities short(b) | May not purchase securities of other investment companies(c) | Provides 60 day notice in connection with Rule 35d-1 changes(d) | ||||||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
Global Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
High Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Marsico Global Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
Overseas Value Fund | ü | ü | ü |
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Fund | May Not Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities(a) | May not sell securities short(b) | May not purchase securities of other investment companies(c) | Provides 60 day notice in connection with Rule 35d-1 changes(d) | ||||||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü |
a | Funds with a check mark in this column may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, invest more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid securities. “Illiquid Securities” is defined in accordance with the SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is a security which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the fund has valued the security. |
b | Funds with a check mark in this column may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. |
c | Funds with a check mark in this column may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of one of these Funds are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. |
d | To the extent a Fund with a check mark in this column is subject to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act (the Names Rule), and does not otherwise have a fundamental investment policy in place to comply with the Names Rule, such Fund has adopted the following non-fundamental policy: Shareholders will receive at least 60 days’ notice of any change to the Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies made in order to comply with the Names Rule. The notice will be provided in plain English in a separate written document, and will contain the following prominent statement or similar statement in bold-face type: “Important Notice Regarding Change in Investment Policy.” This statement will appear on both the notice and the envelope in which it is delivered, unless it is delivered separately from other communications to investors, in which case the statement will appear either on the notice or the envelope in which the notice is delivered. |
Marsico Focused Equities Fund and Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund may not purchase securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government Obligations and securities of other investment companies) if, immediately after such purchase, more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets would be invested in the securities of one issuer, and with respect to 50% of the Fund’s total assets, more than 5% of its assets would be invested in the securities of one issuer.
In addition to the policies outlined above, the Columbia Funds Family has received the following exemptive orders from the SEC which enable the Fund to participate in certain transactions beyond the investment limitations described above or described in otherwise applicable restrictions:
1. | Pursuant to an exemptive order dated October 5, 1993, all current and future Funds advised by the Adviser may, subject to certain conditions, pool their uninvested cash balances in one or more joint |
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accounts and use the daily balance of such accounts to enter into repurchase agreements, including the condition that such agreements have a maturity of not more than seven days. |
2. | Pursuant to an exemptive order dated September 5, 2003, the Fund may, subject to certain conditions, borrow money from other Funds in the Columbia Funds Family for temporary emergency purposes in order to facilitate redemption requests, or for other purposes consistent with Fund investment policies and restrictions. All loans are set at an interest rate between the rates charged on overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans. |
Permissible Investments and Related Risks
Each Fund’s prospectuses identify and summarize the individual types of securities in which the Fund invests as part of its principal investment strategies and the principal risks associated with such investments.
The table below identifies certain types of securities in which each Fund is permitted to invest, including certain types of securities that are described in each Fund’s prospectuses. A Fund generally has the ability to invest 10% or more of its total assets in each type of security described in its prospectuses (and in each sub-category of such security type described in this SAI). To the extent that a type of security identified below for a Fund is not described in the Fund’s prospectuses (or as a sub-category of such security type in this SAI), the Fund generally invests less than 10% of the Fund’s total assets in such security type.
Information about individual types of securities (including certain of their associated risks) in which some or all of the Funds may invest is set forth below. Each Fund’s investment in these types of securities is subject to its investment objective and fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies.
Temporary Defensive Positions. Each Fund may temporarily invest in money market instruments or hold cash. It may do so without limit, when the Adviser or the Fund’s subadviser, if applicable: (i) believes that the market conditions are not favorable for profitable investing; (ii) is unable to locate favorable investment opportunities; or (iii) determines that a temporary defensive position is advisable or necessary in order to meet anticipated redemption requests, or for other reasons. While a Fund engages in such strategies, it may not achieve its investment objective. See also About the Funds’ Investments — Permissible Investments and Related Risks — Money Market Instruments.
Permissible Fund Investments
Investment Type | Asset Allocation Fund II | California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Convertible Securities Fund | Corporate Bond Portfolio | Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Global Value Fund | High Income Fund | International Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü |
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Investment Type | Asset Allocation Fund II | California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Convertible Securities Fund | Corporate Bond Portfolio | Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Global Value Fund | High Income Fund | International Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investing in a Master Portfolio | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Asset Allocation Fund II | California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Convertible Securities Fund | Corporate Bond Portfolio | Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Global Value Fund | High Income Fund | International Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
Investment Type | Large Cap Core Fund | Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | Large Cap Index Fund | Large Cap Value Fund | LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investing in a Master Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Large Cap Core Fund | Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | Large Cap Index Fund | Large Cap Value Fund | LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
Investment Type | Marsico 21st Century Fund | Marsico Focused Equities Fund | Marsico Global Fund | Marsico Growth Fund | Marsico International Opportunities Fund | Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Masters International Equity Portfolio | |||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü |
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Investment Type | Marsico 21st Century Fund | Marsico Focused Equities Fund | Marsico Global Fund | Marsico Growth Fund | Marsico International Opportunities Fund | Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Masters International Equity Portfolio | |||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investing in a Master Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Marsico 21st Century Fund | Marsico Focused Equities Fund | Marsico Global Fund | Marsico Growth Fund | Marsico International Opportunities Fund | Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Masters International Equity Portfolio | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
Investment Type | Mid Cap Index Fund | Mid Cap Value Fund | Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Overseas Value Fund | Short Term Bond Fund | Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Mid Cap Index Fund | Mid Cap Value Fund | Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Overseas Value Fund | Short Term Bond Fund | Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investing in a Master Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
Investment Type | Small Cap Growth Fund II | Small Cap Index Fund | Small Cap Value Fund II | South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Total Return Bond Fund | Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Small Cap Growth Fund II | Small Cap Index Fund | Small Cap Value Fund II | South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Total Return Bond Fund | Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Investing in a Master Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Asset-Backed Securities
Asset-backed securities represent interests in, or debt instruments that are backed by, pools of various types of assets that generate cash payments generally over fixed periods of time. Such securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying assets (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying assets effectively pass through to such security holders. Asset-backed securities typically are created by an originator of loans or owner of accounts receivable that sells such underlying assets to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying assets, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Asset-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in asset-backed securities is subject to certain risks. For example, the value of asset-backed securities may be affected by, among other factors, changes in: interest rates, the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets, the creditworthiness of the servicer for the underlying assets, information concerning the originator of the underlying assets, or the creditworthiness or rating of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds, derivative instruments, or other credit enhancement. The value of asset-backed securities also will be affected by the exhaustion, termination or expiration of any credit enhancement.
Declining or low interest rates may lead to a more rapid rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in accelerated payments on asset-backed securities that then would be reinvested at a lesser rate of interest. Rising or high interest rates tend to lead to a slower rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in slower than expected payments on asset-backed securities that can, in turn, lead to a decline in value. The impact of changing interest rates on the value of asset-backed securities may be difficult to predict and result in greater volatility. Holders of asset-backed securities generally have no recourse against the originator of the underlying assets in the event of a default on the underlying assets. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of asset-backed securities, backed by pools of receivables such as mortgage loans, may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or an underlying obligor has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for asset-backed securities that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of an asset-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be.
Bank Obligations (Domestic and Foreign)
Bank obligations include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, time deposits and promissory notes that earn a specified rate of return and may be issued by (i) a domestic branch of a domestic bank, (ii) a foreign branch of a domestic bank, (iii) a domestic branch of a foreign bank or (iv) a foreign branch of a foreign bank. Bank obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
Certificates of deposit, or so-called CDs, typically are interest-bearing debt instruments issued by banks and have maturities ranging from a few weeks to several years. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on and accepted by banks, are a customary means of effecting payment for merchandise sold in import-export transactions and are a general source of financing. Yankee dollar certificates of deposit are negotiable CDs issued in the United States by branches and agencies of foreign banks. Eurodollar certificates of deposit are CDs issued by foreign (mainly European) banks with interest and principal paid in U.S. dollars. Such CDs typically have maturities of less than two years and have interest rates that typically are pegged to the London Interbank Offered
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Rate or LIBOR. A time deposit can be either a savings account or CD that is an obligation of a financial institution for a fixed term. Typically, there are penalties for early withdrawals of time deposits. Promissory notes are written commitments of the maker to pay the payee a specified sum of money either on demand or at a fixed or determinable future date, with or without interest.
Bank investment contracts are issued by banks. Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of a bank. The bank then credits to the Fund payments at floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund also may hold funds on deposit with its custodian for temporary purposes.
Investing in bank obligations is subject to certain risks. Certain bank obligations, such as some CDs, are insured by the FDIC up to certain specified limits. Many other bank obligations, however, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the FDIC or the U.S. Government. These bank obligations are “backed” only by the creditworthiness of the issuing bank or parent financial institution. Domestic and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulation. Accordingly, certain obligations of foreign banks, including Eurodollar and Yankee dollar obligations, involve different investment risks than those affecting obligations of domestic banks, including, among others, the possibilities that: (i) their liquidity could be impaired because of political or economic developments; (ii) the obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of domestic banks; (iii) a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding and other taxes at high levels on interest income; (iv) foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized; (v) foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be imposed, which could adversely affect the payment of principal or interest on those obligations; (vi) there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks issuing the obligations; and (vii) the reserve requirements and accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to domestic banks. Foreign banks generally are not subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.
Common Stock
Common stock represents a unit of equity ownership of a corporation. Owners typically are entitled to vote on the selection of directors and other important corporate governance matters, and to receive dividend payments, if any, on their holdings. However, ownership of common stock does not entitle owners to participate in the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Common stocks of domestic and foreign public corporations can be listed, and their shares traded, on domestic stock exchanges, such as the NYSE or the NASDAQ Stock Market. Domestic and foreign corporations also may have their shares traded on foreign exchanges, such as the London Stock Exchange or Tokyo Stock Exchange. Common stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in common stocks is subject to certain risks. Stock market risk, for example, is the risk that the value of such stocks, like the broader stock markets, may decline over short or even extended periods of time, perhaps substantially or unexpectedly. Domestic and foreign stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods when stock prices generally rise and periods when stock prices generally decline. The value of individual stocks will rise and fall based on factors specific to each company, such as changes in earnings or management, as well as general economic and market factors.
If a corporation is liquidated, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and owners of debt securities and “preferred” stock take priority over the claims of those who own common stock.
Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to the particular type of company issuing the common stock. For example, stocks of smaller companies tend to have greater price swings than stocks of larger companies because, among other things, they trade less frequently and in lower volumes, are more susceptible to changes in economic conditions, may be more reliant on singular products or services and are more vulnerable to larger competitors. Common stocks of these types of companies may have a higher potential for gains, but also may be subject to greater risk of loss.
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Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to a particular industry, such as technology, financial services, consumer goods or natural resources (e.g., oil and gas). To some extent, the prices of common stocks tend to move by industry sector. When market conditions favorably affect, or are expected to favorably affect, an industry, the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry tend to rise. Conversely, negative news or a poor outlook for a particular industry can cause the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry to decline quickly.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio or predetermined price (the conversion price). As such, convertible securities combine the investment characteristics of debt securities and equity securities. A holder of convertible securities is entitled to receive the income of a bond, debenture or note or the dividend of a preferred stock until the conversion privilege is exercised. The market value of convertible securities generally is a function of, among other factors, interest rates, the rates of return of similar nonconvertible securities and the financial strength of the issuer. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, conversely, to rise as interest rates decline. However, a convertible security’s market value tends to reflect the market price of the common stock of the issuing company when that stock price approaches or is greater than its conversion price. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the price of the convertible security tends to be influenced more by the rate of return of the convertible security. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence their value, convertible securities generally are not as sensitive to changes in interest rates as similar debt securities nor generally are they as sensitive to changes in share price as their underlying common stock. Convertible securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in convertible securities is subject to certain risks. Certain convertible securities, particularly securities that are convertible into securities of an issuer other than the issuer of the convertible security, may be illiquid and, therefore, may be more difficult to resell in a timely fashion or for a fair price, which could result in investment losses. Certain convertible securities may have a mandatory conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock or other equity securities (of the same or a different issuer) at a specified date and a specified exchange ratio. Certain convertible securities may be convertible at the option of the issuer, which may require a holder to convert the security into the underlying common stock, even at times when the value of the underlying common stock or other equity security has declined substantially. In addition, some convertible securities may be rated below investment grade or may not be rated and, therefore, may be considered speculative investments. Companies that issue convertible securities frequently are small- and mid-capitalization companies and, accordingly, carry the risks associated with such companies. In addition, the credit rating of a company’s convertible securities generally is lower than that of its conventional debt securities. Convertible securities are senior to equity securities and have a claim to the assets of an issuer prior to the holders of the issuer’s common stock in the event of liquidation but generally are subordinate to similar non-convertible debt securities of the same issuer. Some convertible securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their predetermined conversion price is much higher than the price for the issuing company’s common stock.
Corporate Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities are fixed income securities typically issued by businesses to finance their operations. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most common types of corporate debt securities, with the primary difference being their interest rates, maturity dates and secured or unsecured status.
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Commercial paper has the shortest term and usually is unsecured. The broad category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small-, mid- and large-capitalizations. The category also includes bank loans, as well as assignments, participations and other interests in bank loans. Corporate debt securities may be rated investment grade or below investment grade and may be structured as fixed-, variable or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Extendible commercial notes (ECNs) are very similar to commercial paper except that with ECNs, the issuer has the option to extend the notes’ maturity. ECNs are issued at a discount rate, with an initial redemption of not more than 90 days from the date of issue. If ECNs are not redeemed by the issuer on the initial redemption date, the issuer will pay a premium (step-up) rate based on the ECN’s credit rating at the time.
Because of the wide range of types and maturities of corporate debt securities, as well as the range of creditworthiness of issuers, corporate debt securities can have widely varying risk/return profiles. For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation that is rated by an NRSRO as investment grade may have a relatively modest return on principal but present relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued, for example, by a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that has not been rated by an NRSRO may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal but carries a relatively high degree of risk.
Investing in corporate debt securities is subject to certain risks including, among others, credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that a Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment grade by an NRSRO generally are considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities. The credit risk of a particular issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than and, therefore, may be paid in full before, lower ranking (subordinated) securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of higher-ranking senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of more junior securities. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of certain corporate debt securities will tend to fall when interest rates rise. In general, corporate debt securities with longer terms tend to fall more in value when interest rates rise than do corporate debt securities with shorter terms.
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates
Custody receipts and trust certificates are derivative products that evidence direct ownership in a pool of securities. Typically, a sponsor will deposit a pool of securities with a custodian in exchange for custody receipts evidencing interests in those securities. The sponsor generally then will sell the custody receipts or trust certificates in negotiated transactions at varying prices. Each custody receipt or trust certificate evidences the individual securities in the pool and the holder of a custody receipt or trust certificate generally will have all the rights and privileges of owners of those securities.
Investing in custody receipts and trust certificates is subject to certain risks. Custody receipts and trust certificates generally are subject to the same risks as the securities evidenced by the receipts or certificates. Custody receipts and trust certificates also may be less liquid than the underlying securities.
Derivatives
General
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or a bond), assets (such as a commodity, like gold), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market
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indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indices, are traded on regulated exchanges. These types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market values are determined and published daily. Non-standardized derivatives, on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex, and may be harder to value. Derivatives afford leverage and, when used properly, can enhance returns and be useful in hedging portfolios. Some common types of derivatives include futures; options; options on futures; forward foreign currency exchange contracts; forward contracts on securities and securities indices; linked securities and structured products; CMOs; stripped securities; warrants; swap agreements and swaptions.
A Fund may use derivatives for a variety of reasons, including, for example: (i) to enhance its return; (ii) to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held in or to be purchased for its portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations (i.e., to hedge); (iii) to protect its unrealized gains reflected in the value of its portfolio securities; (iv) to facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes; (v) to reduce transaction costs; and/or (vi) to manage the effective maturity or duration of its portfolio.
A Fund’s use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives. These risks are heightened when a Fund uses derivatives to enhance its return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge or offset the risk of a position or security held by a Fund. There is also a risk that the derivative will not correlate well with the security for which it is substituting. A Fund’s use of derivatives to leverage risk also may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing a Fund to lose more money than if it had invested in the underlying security, or limit a potential gain. The success of management’s derivative strategies will depend on its ability to assess and predict the impact of market or economic developments on the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate and the derivative itself, without necessarily the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. Other risks arise from a Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell its derivative positions as a liquid secondary market for such positions may not exist at times when a Fund may wish to terminate or sell them. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid. Derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. Also, with some derivative strategies there is the risk that a Fund may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to invest in derivatives altogether. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount and accelerate the timing of taxes payable by shareholders.
A Fund may use any or all of the above investment techniques and may purchase different types of derivative instruments at any time and in any combination. There is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique over another, as the use of derivatives is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions.
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products)
General. Indexed or linked securities, also often referred to as “structured products,” are instruments that may have varying combinations of equity and debt characteristics. These instruments are structured to recast the investment characteristics of the underlying security or reference asset. If the issuer is a unit investment trust or other special purpose vehicle, the structuring will typically involve the deposit with or purchase by such issuer of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or securities) and/or the execution of various derivative transactions, and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured securities) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments.
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Indexed and Inverse Floating Rate Securities. A Fund may invest in securities that provide a potential return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. For example, a Fund may invest in securities that pay interest based on an index of interest rates. The principal amount payable upon maturity of certain securities also may be based on the value of the index. To the extent a Fund invests in these types of securities, a Fund’s return on such securities will rise and fall with the value of the particular index: that is, if the value of the index falls, the value of the indexed securities owned by a Fund will fall. Interest and principal payable on certain securities may also be based on relative changes among particular indices.
A Fund may also invest in so-called “inverse floaters” or “residual interest bonds” on which the interest rates vary inversely with a floating rate (which may be reset periodically by a dutch auction, a remarketing agent, or by reference to a short-term tax-exempt interest rate index). A Fund may purchase synthetically-created inverse floating rate bonds evidenced by custodial or trust receipts. Generally, income on inverse floating rate bonds will decrease when interest rates increase, and will increase when interest rates decrease. Such securities have the effect of providing a degree of investment leverage, since they may increase or decrease in value in response to changes, as an illustration, in market interest rates at a rate that is a multiple of the rate at which fixed-rate securities increase or decrease in response to such changes. As a result, the market values of such securities will generally be more volatile than the market values of fixed-rate securities. To seek to limit the volatility of these securities, a Fund may purchase inverse floating obligations that have shorter-term maturities or that contain limitations on the extent to which the interest rate may vary. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid. A Fund may invest in indexed and inverse securities for hedging purposes or to seek to increase returns. When used for hedging purposes, indexed and inverse securities involve correlation risk. Furthermore, where such a security includes a contingent liability, in the event of an adverse movement in the underlying index or interest rate, a Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain the position.
Credit Linked Securities. Among the income producing securities in which a Fund may invest are credit linked securities. The issuers of these securities frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles that, in turn, invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain fixed income markets. For instance, a Fund may invest in credit linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to a certain market and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available.
Like an investment in a bond, investments in these credit linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on or linked to the issuer’s receipt of payments from, and the issuer’s potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the issuer invests. For instance, the issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the issuer would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and/or principal that a Fund would receive. A Fund’s investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. These securities generally are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.
Index-, Commodity-, Currency- and Equity-Linked Securities. “Index-linked” or “commodity-linked” notes are debt securities of companies that call for interest payments and/or payment at maturity in different terms than the typical note where the borrower agrees to make fixed interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Principal and/or interest payments on an index-linked or commodity-linked note depend on the performance of
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one or more market indices, such as the S&P 500® Index, a weighted index of commodity futures such as crude oil, gasoline and natural gas or the market prices of a particular commodity or basket of commodities. Equity-linked securities are short-term or intermediate term instruments having a value at maturity and/or interest rate determined by reference to the market prices of one or more equity securities. At maturity, the principal amount of an equity-linked debt security is often exchanged for common stock of the issuer or is payable in an amount based on the issuer’s common stock price at the time of maturity. Currency-linked debt securities are short-term or intermediate-term instruments having a value at maturity, and/or an interest rate, determined by reference to one or more foreign currencies. Payment of principal or periodic interest may be calculated as a multiple of the movement of one currency against another currency, or against an index.
Index, commodity, currency and equity-linked securities may entail substantial risks. Such instruments may be subject to significant price volatility. The company issuing the instrument may fail to pay the amount due on maturity. The underlying investment or security may not perform as expected by the Adviser. Markets, underlying securities and indexes may move in a direction that was not anticipated by the Adviser. Performance of the derivatives may be influenced by interest rate and other market changes in the United States and abroad, and certain derivative instruments may be illiquid.
Linked securities are often issued by unit investment trusts. Examples of this include such index-linked securities as S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), which is an interest in a unit investment trust holding a portfolio of securities linked to the S&P 500® Index, and a type of exchange-traded fund (ETF). Because a unit investment trust is an investment company under the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investments in SPDRs are subject to the limitations set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act. SPDRs closely track the underlying portfolio of securities, trade like a share of common stock and pay periodic dividends proportionate to those paid by the portfolio of stocks that comprise the S&P 500® Index. As a holder of interests in a unit investment trust, a Fund would indirectly bear its ratable share of that unit investment trust’s expenses. At the same time, a Fund would continue to pay its own management and advisory fees and other expenses, as a result of which a Fund and its shareholders in effect would be absorbing levels of fees with respect to investments in such unit investment trusts.
Equity-linked securities include issues such as Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Stock (STRYPES), Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES), Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES), and Trust Enhanced Dividend Securities (TRENDS). The issuers of these equity-linked securities generally purchase and hold a portfolio of stripped U.S. Treasury securities maturing on a quarterly basis through the conversion date, and a forward purchase contract with an existing shareholder of the company relating to the common stock. Quarterly distributions on such equity-linked securities generally consist of the cash received from the U.S. Treasury securities and such equity-linked securities generally are not entitled to any dividends that may be declared on the common stock.
Investing in structured products and linked securities is subject to certain risks. Because structured products typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured products may be structured as a class that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured products typically have higher rates of return and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured products. Structured products sometimes are sold in private placement transactions and often have a limited trading market.
Investments in “linked” securities have the potential to lead to significant losses because of unexpected movements in the underlying financial asset, index, currency or other investment. The ability of a Fund to utilize linked-securities successfully will depend on its ability correctly to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. Because currency-linked securities usually relate to foreign currencies, some of which may be currencies from emerging market countries, there are certain additional risks associated with such investments.
SPDRs are subject to the risks of an investment in a broadly based portfolio of common stocks, including the risk that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of such
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investment. In addition, because individual investments in SPDRs are not redeemable, except upon termination of the unit investment trust, the liquidity of small holdings of SPDRs will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Large holdings of SPDRs are called “creation unit size” and are redeemable in-kind only and are not redeemable for cash from the unit investment trust. The price of a SPDR is derived from and based upon the securities held by the unit investment trust. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a SPDR is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for SPDRs is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying SPDRs purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on SPDRs.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
Futures Contracts. A futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. A futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. The specific security or other asset delivered or taken at the settlement date is not determined until on or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract was made. A Fund may enter into futures contracts which are traded on national or foreign futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying security or other asset. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), a U.S. Government agency.
Traders in futures contracts may be broadly classified as either “hedgers” or “speculators.” Hedgers use the futures markets primarily to offset unfavorable changes (anticipated or potential) in the value of securities or other assets currently owned or expected to be acquired by them. Speculators less often own the securities or other assets underlying the futures contracts which they trade, and generally use futures contracts with the expectation of realizing profits from fluctuations in the value of the underlying securities or other assets. Pursuant to a notice of eligibility claiming exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator filed with the CFTC and the National Futures Association on behalf of the Funds, neither the Trust nor any of the individual Funds is deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA, and, accordingly, they are not subject to registration or regulation as such under the CEA.
Upon entering into futures contracts, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities, equal in value to the amount of a Fund’s obligation under the contract (less any applicable margin deposits and any assets that constitute “cover” for such obligation), will be segregated with a Fund’s custodian.
Unlike when a Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by a Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract, although a Fund is required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash and/or U.S. Government securities in order to initiate and maintain open positions in futures contracts. This amount is known as “initial margin.” The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions, in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by a Fund to finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit intended to assure completion of the contract (delivery or acceptance of the underlying security or other asset) that is returned to a Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the relevant futures exchange and may be changed. Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange minimums. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin which may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker (or the custodian) are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or other asset fluctuates, a process known as “marking to market.” If the futures contract price changes to the extent that the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of additional variation margin will be required. Conversely, a change in the contract value may reduce the required margin, resulting in a repayment of excess margin to the contract holder. Variation margin payments are made for as long as the contract remains open. A Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
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Although futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities or other assets (stock index futures contracts or futures contracts that reference other intangible assets do not permit delivery of the referenced assets), the contracts usually are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. A Fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The purpose of taking such action would be to reduce or eliminate the position then currently held by a Fund. Closing out an open futures position is done by taking an opposite position (“buying” a contract which has previously been “sold,” “selling” a contract previously “purchased”) in an identical contract (i.e., the same aggregate amount of the specific type of security or other asset with the same delivery date) to terminate the position. Final determinations are made as to whether the price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds or is below the price of the offsetting purchase, or whether the purchase price exceeds or is below the offsetting sale price. Final determinations of variation margin are then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to a Fund, and a Fund realizes a loss or a gain. Brokerage commissions are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold.
Successful use of futures contracts by a Fund is subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors affecting securities and commodities markets. This requires different skills and techniques than those required to predict changes in the prices of individual securities. A Fund, therefore, bears the risk that future market trends will be incorrectly predicted.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts in some strategies can be substantial, due both to the relatively low margin deposits required and the potential for an extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures contracts. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount posted as initial margin for the contract.
In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments in order to maintain its required margin. In such a situation, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities in order to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close the futures position also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge effectively.
To reduce or eliminate a hedge position held by a Fund, a Fund may seek to close out a position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular futures contract, which may limit a Fund’s ability to realize its profits or limit its losses. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions, closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts (or a particular class or series of contracts), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of contracts) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Interest Rate Futures Contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being
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made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have tended to move generally in the aggregate in concert with the cash market prices and have maintained fairly predictable relationships. Accordingly, a Fund may use interest rate futures contracts as a defense, or hedge, against anticipated interest rate changes. A Fund presently could accomplish a similar result to that which it hopes to achieve through the use of interest rate futures contracts by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase, or conversely, selling bonds with short maturities and investing in bonds with long maturities when interest rates are expected to decline. However, because of the liquidity that is often available in the futures market, the protection is more likely to be achieved, perhaps at a lower cost and without changing the rate of interest being earned by a Fund, through using futures contracts.
Interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction environment on the floors of several exchanges — principally, the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Futures Exchange. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. A public market exists in futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes; GNMA modified pass-through mortgage backed securities; three-month U.S. Treasury Bills; and ninety-day commercial paper. A Fund may also invest in exchange-traded Eurodollar contracts, which are interest rate futures on the forward level of LIBOR. These contracts are generally considered liquid securities and trade on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Such Eurodollar contracts are generally used to “lock-in” or hedge the future level of short-term rates. A Fund may trade in any interest rate futures contracts for which there exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments.
Index Futures Contracts. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a contract to buy units of an index is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the index. A unit is the current value of the index. A Fund may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its objective(s).
There are several risks in connection with the use by a Fund of index futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Adviser will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged.
Municipal Bond Index Futures Contracts. Municipal bond index futures contracts may act as a hedge against changes in market conditions. A municipal bond index assigns values daily to the municipal bonds included in the index based on the independent assessment of dealer-to-dealer municipal bond brokers. A municipal bond index futures contract represents a firm commitment by which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount equal to a specified dollar amount multiplied by the difference between the municipal bond index value on the last trading date of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made.
Options on Futures Contracts. A Fund may purchase and write call and put options on those futures contracts that it is permitted to buy or sell. A Fund may use such options on futures contracts in lieu of writing options directly on the underlying securities or other assets or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. Such options generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the
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futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing purchase transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that such closing purchase transactions can be effected.
A Fund will enter into written options on futures contracts only when, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities equal in value to the underlying security’s or other asset’s value (less any applicable margin deposits) have been deposited in a segregated account. A Fund will be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers’ requirements similar to those described above.
Investments in futures options involve some of the same risks that are involved in connection with investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased. There may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss to a Fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the hedged investments. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to a Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs).
Successful use of index futures by a Fund is also subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. It is possible that, for example, where a Fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the index on which the futures are written may advance and the value of securities held in a Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurred, a Fund would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in the value of its portfolio securities, as a Fund’s ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in futures or put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by a Fund. Inasmuch as a Fund’s securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, a Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move to the same extent as do the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that, if a Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held in its portfolio and securities prices increase instead, a Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased values of those securities that it has hedged, because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements.
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the index futures and the securities of the portfolio being hedged, the prices of index futures may not correlate perfectly with movements in the underlying index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures markets are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which would distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result, the futures market may attract more speculators than the securities market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market, and also because of the imperfect correlation between movements in an index and movements in the prices of index futures, even a correct forecast of general market trends by the Adviser may still not result in a successful hedging transaction.
There is also the risk of loss by a Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in a futures contract or related option. Most futures exchanges limit the amount of
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fluctuation permitted in some contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and, therefore, does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Options on Index Futures Contracts. A Fund may also purchase and sell options on index futures contracts. Options on index futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in an index futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the index futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the index future. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to the expiration date of the option, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing level of the index on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
There are various risks in connection with the use by a Fund of index futures as a hedging device. For example, a risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Adviser will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged; there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful in doing so.
Use by Tax-Exempt Funds of Interest Rate and U.S. Treasury Security Futures Contracts and Options. If a Fund invests in tax-exempt securities, it may purchase and sell futures contracts and related options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities when, in the opinion of the Adviser, price movements in these security futures and related options will correlate closely with price movements in the tax-exempt securities which are the subject of the hedge. Interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities futures contracts require the seller to deliver, or the purchaser to take delivery of, the type of security called for in the contract at a specified date and price. Options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option.
In addition to the risks generally involved in using futures contracts, there is also a risk that price movements in interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and related options will not correlate closely with price movements in markets for tax-exempt securities.
Stock Options and Stock Index Options
A Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular stocks or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks.
There is a key difference between stock options and stock index options in connection with their exercise. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an
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index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the securities included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the S&P 500® Index or a narrower market index, such as the S&P 100® Index. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment.
The successful use of a Fund’s options strategies depends on the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rate and market movements correctly. When it purchases an option, a Fund runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless a Fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction for such option during the life of the option. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, a Fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This contrasts with an investment by a Fund in the underlying securities, since a Fund may continue to hold its investment in those securities notwithstanding the lack of a change in price of those securities.
The effective use of options also depends on a Fund’s ability to terminate option positions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. Although a Fund will take an option position only if the Adviser believes there is a liquid secondary market for the option, there is no assurance that a Fund will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price.
If a secondary trading market in options were to become unavailable, a Fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. The writer in such circumstances would be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, a Fund will realize a loss equal to the premium paid. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on the options. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is normally halted as well. As a result, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be unable to close out its positions until options trading resumes, and it may be faced with losses if trading in the security reopens at a substantially different price. In addition, the OCC or other options markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on exercise is imposed at a time when trading in the option has also been halted, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be locked into its position until one of the two restrictions has been lifted. If a prohibition on exercise remains in effect until an option owned by a Fund has expired, a Fund could lose the entire value of its option.
Special risks are presented by internationally traded options. Because of time differences between the United States and various foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in different countries, foreign options markets may be open for trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of the underlying interest in the United States.
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Dealer (Over-the-Counter) Options. Dealer options are options negotiated individually through dealers rather than traded on an exchange. Certain risks are specific to dealer options. While a Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if a Fund purchases a dealer option it must rely on the selling dealer to perform if a Fund exercises the option. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by a Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction. Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options more often may not. Consequently, a Fund can realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the issuing dealer. Similarly, when a Fund writes a dealer option, a Fund can close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer. While each Fund seeks to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and can enter into closing transactions with a Fund, no assurance exists that a Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless a Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, can effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, a Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by a Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to a Fund. For example, because a Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, a Fund may not sell the assets, that it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair a Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
A Fund generally will treat purchased dealer options as illiquid securities. A Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that a Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Writing Covered Options. A Fund may write covered call options and covered put options on securities held in its portfolio when, in the opinion of the Adviser, such transactions are consistent with a Fund’s investment goal and policies. Call options written by a Fund give the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from a Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price; put options give the purchaser the right to sell the underlying securities to a Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price.
A Fund may write only covered options, which means that, so long as a Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of securities exchanges). In the case of put options, a Fund will hold cash and/or high-grade short-term debt obligations equal to the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition, a Fund will be considered to have covered a put or call option if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or all of the risk of the option it has written. A Fund may write combinations of covered puts and calls (straddles) on the same underlying security.
A Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases a Fund’s return on the underlying security if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the underlying security. By writing a call option, a Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security. By writing a put option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than the security’s then-current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.
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A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by a Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an offsetting option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. A Fund realizes a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from writing the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option generally reflect increases in the market price of the security underlying the option, any loss resulting from a closing purchase transaction may be offset in whole or in part by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security.
If a Fund writes a call option but does not own the underlying security, and when it writes a put option, a Fund may be required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as “margin” or collateral for its obligation to buy or sell the underlying security. As the value of the underlying security varies, a Fund may also have to deposit additional margin with the broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently imposed by the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations.
Purchasing Put Options. A Fund may purchase put options to protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against a decline in market value. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the put option since a Fund, as holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security’s market price. For a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, a Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from appreciation of the underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
Purchasing Call Options. A Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that a Fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the call option since a Fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security’s market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit a Fund might have realized had it bought the underlying security at the time it purchased the call option.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options. A Fund will enter into OTC options transactions only with primary dealers in U.S. Government securities and, in the case of OTC options written by a Fund, only pursuant to agreements that will assure that a Fund will at all times have the right to repurchase the option written by it from the dealer at a specified formula price. A Fund will treat the amount by which such formula price exceeds the amount, if any, by which the option may be “in-the-money” as an illiquid investment. It is the present policy of a Fund not to enter into any OTC option transaction if, as a result, more than 15% (10% in some cases, refer to your Fund’s prospectuses) of a Fund’s net assets would be invested in (i) illiquid investments (determined under the foregoing formula) relating to OTC options written by a Fund, (ii) OTC options purchased by a Fund, (iii) securities which are not readily marketable, and (iv) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days.
Index Options. As an alternative to purchasing call and put options on index futures, a Fund may purchase call and put options on the underlying indices themselves. Such options could be used in a manner identical to the use of options on index futures. Options involving securities indices provide the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option based on movements in the relevant index. Such options must be listed on a national securities exchange and issued by the OCC. Such options may relate to particular securities or to various stock indices, except that a Fund may not write covered options on an index.
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Foreign Stock Index Options. A Fund may, for the purpose of hedging its portfolio, subject to applicable securities regulations, purchase and write put and call options on foreign stock indices listed on foreign and domestic stock exchanges.
Swap Agreements
Swap agreements are derivative instruments that can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease a Fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates. A Fund may enter into a variety of swap agreements, including interest rate, index, commodity, equity, credit default and currency exchange rate swap agreements, and other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars and floors. A Fund also may enter into swaptions, which are options to enter into a swap agreement.
In a typical interest rate swap, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate times a “notional principal amount,” in return for payments equal to a fixed rate times the same amount, for a specified period of time. If a swap agreement provides for payments in different currencies, the parties might agree to exchange notional principal amount as well. In a total return swap agreement, the non-floating rate side of the swap is based on the total return of an individual security, a basket of securities, an index or another reference asset. Swaps may also depend on other prices or rates, such as the value of an index or mortgage prepayment rates.
In a typical cap or floor agreement, one party agrees to make payments only under specified circumstances, usually in return for payment of a fee by the other party. For example, the buyer of an interest rate cap obtains the right to receive payments to the extent that a specified interest rate exceeds an agreed-upon level, while the seller of an interest rate floor is obligated to make payments to the extent that a specified interest rate falls below an agreed-upon level. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options. A collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor.
Swap agreements will tend to shift a Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if a Fund agreed to pay fixed rates in exchange for floating rates while holding fixed-rate bonds, the swap would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to long-term interest rates. Another example is if a Fund agreed to exchange payments in dollars for payments in foreign currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on a Fund’s performance. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a Fund’s investments and its share price and yield. Additionally, whether a Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Adviser’s ability correctly to predict whether certain types of investments likely are to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The most significant factor in the performance of swap agreements is the change in the specific interest rate, currency, or other factor that determines the amounts of payments due to and from a Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by a Fund, a Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement likely would decline, potentially resulting in losses for a Fund. A Fund will closely monitor the credit of a swap agreement counterparty in order to attempt to minimize this risk. A Fund may also suffer losses if it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements (either by assignment or other disposition) or reduce its exposure through offsetting transactions (i.e., by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party).
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Credit Default Swap Agreements. A Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements, which may have as reference obligations one or more securities or a basket of securities that are or are not currently held by a Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, a Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, a Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, a Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to risks relating to the reference obligation, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. A Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements generally with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. A buyer generally will lose its investment and recover nothing if no credit event occurs and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller.
Equity Swaps. A Fund may engage in equity swaps. Equity swaps allow the parties to the swap agreement to exchange components of return on one equity investment (e.g., a basket of equity securities or an index) for a component of return on another non-equity or equity investment, including an exchange of differential rates of return. Equity swaps may be used to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances where direct investment may be restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impractical. Equity swaps also may be used for other purposes, such as hedging or seeking to increase total return.
The values of equity swaps can be very volatile. To the extent that the Adviser does not accurately analyze and predict the potential relative fluctuation on the components swapped with the other party, a Fund may suffer a loss. The value of some components of an equity swap (such as the dividend on a common stock) may also be sensitive to changes in interest rates. Furthermore, during the period a swap is outstanding, a Fund may suffer a loss if the counterparty defaults.
Total Return Swap Agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to a Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Total return swap agreements are subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to a Fund thereunder, and conversely, that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, a Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted against one another with a Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each
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total return swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be segregated by a Fund. If the total return swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis, and the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be segregated by a Fund in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the total return swap agreement or the amount it would have cost a Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount a Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the total return swap agreement.
Variance, Volatility and Correlation Swap Agreements. Variance and volatility swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the volatility of certain referenced assets. Correlation swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the correlation between the prices of different assets or different market rates.
Dollar Rolls
Dollar rolls involve selling securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities or U.S. Treasury securities) and simultaneously entering into a commitment to purchase those or similar (same collateral type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future date and price. Mortgage dollar rolls and U.S. Treasury rolls are types of dollar rolls. A Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the securities during the “roll” period. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase of the securities as well as the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities a Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price or that the transaction costs may exceed the return earned by a Fund from the transaction. Dollar rolls also involve risk to a Fund if the other party should default on its obligation and a Fund is delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. In the event that the buyer of securities under a dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of proceeds of the dollar roll may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, the security to be delivered in the future may turn out to be inferior to the security sold upon entering into the transaction.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions may be used to protect, to some extent, against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates by establishing a fixed exchange rate. Foreign currency transactions may involve the purchase or sale of foreign currencies on a “spot” (cash) basis at the prevailing exchange rate or may involve “forward contracts” that allow a Fund to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date. Forward contracts may be used for “transaction hedging,” “position hedging” and “cross-hedging.” A Fund may use forward sale contracts to sell an amount of a foreign currency approximating the value of a Fund’s securities denominated in the foreign security when that foreign currency suffers a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar. A Fund may use forward purchase contracts to purchase a foreign currency when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against the foreign currency. Although these transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain that might be realized if the value of the hedged currency increases.
Transaction hedging may allow a Fund to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of a security it has agreed to purchase or sell, or the U.S. dollar equivalent of a dividend or interest rate payment in a foreign currency. A Fund may use transaction hedging to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is declared, and the date on which such payments are made or received.
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Position hedging may allow a Fund to protect against an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated. A Fund may use position hedging when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a decline against the foreign currency by entering into a forward purchase contract to purchase that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.
Cross-hedging may allow a Fund to enter into a forward contract to sell a different foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount when it is believed that the U.S. dollar value of the currency to be sold pursuant to the forward contract will fall if there is a decline in the U.S. dollar value of the currency in which a Fund’s securities are denominated.
A Fund also may purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts. Options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts give the holder a right to buy or sell the underlying foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts for a specified period of time and for a specified amount. The value of an option on foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts reflects the value of an exchange rate, which depends on the relative values of the U.S. dollar and the relevant foreign currency.
Engaging in foreign currency transactions is subject to certain risks. For example, if the value of a foreign currency were to decline against the U.S. dollar, such decline would reduce the dollar value of any securities held by a Fund denominated in that currency. It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract, which may make it necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market if the market value of the security being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency a Fund is obligated to deliver at the time a Fund sells the security being hedged. The value of any currency, including the U.S. dollar, may be affected by political and economic factors applicable to the issuer’s country. The exchange rates of currencies also may be affected adversely by governmental actions. Transaction, position and cross-hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of securities that a Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell and may limit the amount of potential gain that might result from the increase in value of the currency being hedged. Settlement procedures relating to a Fund’s foreign currency transactions may be more complex than those relating to investments in securities of U.S. issuers.
Foreign Securities
Foreign securities include debt, equity and derivative securities that the Adviser determines are “foreign” based on the consideration of an issuer’s domicile, its principal place of business, its primary stock exchange listing, the source of its revenue or other factors. Foreign securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Foreign securities may include depositary receipts, such as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs are U.S. dollar denominated receipts issued in registered form by a domestic bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts issued in Europe, typically by foreign banks or trust companies and foreign branches of domestic banks, that evidence ownership of foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are receipts structured similarly to ADRs and EDRs and are marketed globally. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. In general, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. A Fund may invest in depositary receipts through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer
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of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute interest holder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities. The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be limited information available regarding such issuers and/or limited correlation between available information and the market value of the depositary receipts.
Due to the potential for foreign withholding taxes, Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) publishes two versions of its indices reflecting the reinvestment of dividends using two different methodologies: gross dividends and net dividends. While both versions reflect reinvested dividends, they differ with respect to the manner in which taxes associated with dividend payments are treated. In calculating the net dividends version, MSCI incorporates reinvested dividends applying the withholding tax rate applicable to foreign non-resident institutional investors that do not benefit from double taxation treaties. The Adviser believes that the net dividends version of MSCI indices better reflects the returns U.S. investors might expect were they to invest directly in the component securities of an MSCI index.
Investing in foreign securities is subject to certain risks. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also may impact the value of foreign securities denominated in foreign currencies or U.S. dollars, without a change in the intrinsic value of those securities. Additionally, the U.S. dollar value of a foreign security tends to decrease when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated and tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency. A Fund may attempt to minimize the risk from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies by purchasing and selling forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. Foreign securities may be less liquid than domestic securities so that a Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at desirable prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial fees and other fees also are generally higher for foreign securities. A Fund may have limited legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain debt securities issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose potentially confiscatory withholding or other taxes, which would reduce a Fund’s return on these securities.
Other risks of investing in foreign securities include: possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the notification of income; generally less publicly available information about companies; adverse impact of political, social or diplomatic events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets; possible imposition of currency exchange controls; and that foreign companies generally are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those mandated for domestic companies.
Risks associated with investments in foreign securities are increased with respect to investments in emerging market countries. Political and economic structures in many emerging market countries, especially those in Eastern Europe, the Pacific Basin and the Far East, are undergoing significant evolutionary changes and rapid development, and may lack the social, political and economic stability of more developed countries. Investing in emerging market securities also involves risks beyond the risks applicable to foreign investments. For example, some emerging market countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be traded internationally, and some countries with emerging securities markets have sustained long periods of very high inflation or rapid fluctuation in inflation rates which can have negative effects on a country’s economy and securities markets.
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Agreements)
Guaranteed investment contracts, or funding agreements, are debt instruments issued by insurance companies. Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of the insurance
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company’s general account. The insurance company then credits to a Fund payments at negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund will purchase guaranteed investment contracts only from issuers that, at the time of purchase, meet certain credit and quality standards.
Investing in guaranteed investment contracts is subject to certain risks. In general, guaranteed investment contracts are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market does not exist for these investments. In addition, the issuer may not be able to pay the principal amount to a Fund on seven days notice or less, at which time the investment may be considered illiquid under applicable SEC regulatory guidance and subject to certain restrictions.
Illiquid Securities
Illiquid securities are defined by a Fund consistent with SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is an asset which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which a Fund has valued the investment on its books. Some securities, such as those not registered under U.S. securities laws, cannot be sold in public transactions. Subject to its investment policies, a Fund may invest in illiquid investments and may invest in certain restricted securities that are deemed to be illiquid securities.
Initial Public Offerings
A Fund may invest in initial public offerings (IPOs) of common stock or other primary or secondary syndicated offerings of equity or debt securities issued by a corporate issuer. Fixed income funds frequently invest in these types of offerings of debt securities. A purchase of IPO securities often involves higher transaction costs than those associated with the purchase of securities already traded on exchanges or markets. IPO securities are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. The market value of recently issued IPO securities may fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading and speculation, a potentially small number of securities available for trading, limited information about the issuer, and other factors. A Fund may hold IPO securities for a period of time, or may sell them soon after the purchase. Investments in IPOs could have a magnified impact — either positive or negative — on a Fund’s performance while the Fund’s assets are relatively small. The impact of an IPO on a Fund’s performance may tend to diminish as the Fund’s assets grow. In circumstances when investments in IPOs make a significant contribution to a Fund’s performance, there can be no assurance that similar contributions from IPOs will continue in the future.
Investing in a Master Portfolio
Investing in a Master Portfolio is the way in which the Fund may seek to achieve its investment objective. The 1940 Act permits the Fund, under certain conditions, to invest all of its assets in another mutual fund. Under this structure, called a master/feeder structure, the Fund (the Feeder Fund) invests all of its assets in a corresponding Master Portfolio with the same investment objective, principal investment strategies and risks as the Feeder Fund. The Master Portfolio is a separate series of Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, which is organized as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware, and is itself a registered investment company in the Columbia Funds Family. Other entities (e.g., other investment companies, commingled trust funds, institutional and certain individual investors), along with other Master Portfolios, may invest in the Master Portfolio from time to time. Accordingly, there also may be other investment companies, as well as other investment vehicles, through which you can invest in the Master Portfolio that may have higher or lower fees and expenses than those of the Feeder Fund and that, therefore, may have different performance results than the Feeder Fund.
The primary advantages of the master/feeder structure are potential economies of scale. For example, the larger asset size of the Master Portfolio may allow it to purchase securities and engage in brokerage transactions on more favorable terms than might otherwise be available to the Feeder Fund alone, as well as, over time, to enjoy other benefits associated with achieving economies of scale.
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Investing in a Master Portfolio is subject to certain risks. As with any mutual fund, other investors in the Master Portfolio could control the results of voting at the Master Portfolio level in certain instances (e.g., a change in fundamental policies by the Master Portfolio which was not approved by the Fund’s shareholders). This could cause the Feeder Fund to withdraw its investment in the Master Portfolio. The Feeder Fund also may withdraw its investment in the Master Portfolio at any time if the Board determines that it is in the best interest of the Feeder Fund to do so. Upon such withdrawal, the Board would consider what action should be taken, including the investment of all of the assets of the Feeder Fund in another pooled investment entity having, for example, the same (or similar) investment objective, principal investment strategies and risks as the Feeder Fund or the hiring of an investment adviser to manage the Feeder Fund’s assets in accordance with its investment objective and principal investment strategies. Further, the withdrawal of other entities that may from time to time invest in the Master Portfolio could have an adverse effect on the performance of the Master Portfolio and the Feeder Fund, such as decreased economies of scale and increased per share operating expenses.
Investments in Other Investment Companies
Investing in other investment companies may be a means by which a Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective. A Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive orders currently or in the future obtained by a Fund from the SEC.
Except with respect to funds structured as funds-of-funds or so-called master/feeder funds, the 1940 Act generally requires that a fund limit its investments in another investment company or series thereof so that, as determined at the time a securities purchase is made: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company; (ii) no more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of other investment companies; and (iii) no more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company or series thereof will be owned by a fund or by companies controlled by a fund. Such other investment companies may include ETFs, which are shares of publicly traded unit investment trusts, open-end funds or depositary receipts that seek to track the performance of specific indexes or companies in related industries.
Investing in other investment companies is subject to certain risks. Although a Fund may derive certain advantages from being able to invest in shares of other investment companies, such as to be fully invested, there may be potential disadvantages. Investing in other investment companies may result in higher fees and expenses for a Fund and its shareholders. A shareholder may be charged fees not only on Fund shares held directly but also on the investment company shares that a Fund purchases.
In addition, investing in ETFs is subject to certain other risks. ETFs generally are subject to the same risks as the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track as well as to the risks of the specific sector or industry to which the ETF relates. ETFs also are subject to the risk that their prices may not totally correlate to the prices of the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track and the risk of possible trading halts due to market conditions or for other reasons.
Under the 1940 Act and rules and regulations thereunder, a Fund may purchase shares of affiliated funds, subject to certain conditions. Investing in affiliated funds may present certain actual or potential conflicts of interest. For more information about such actual and potential conflicts of interest, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities
Low and below investment grade securities (below investment grade securities are also known as “junk bonds”) are debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by
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Moody’s), that are below investment grade (e.g., lower than BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s) or that are unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. These types of securities may be issued to fund corporate transactions or restructurings, such as leveraged buyouts, mergers, acquisitions, debt reclassifications or similar events, are more speculative in nature than securities with higher ratings and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy. These types of securities generally are issued by unseasoned companies without long track records of sales and earnings, or by companies or municipalities that have questionable credit strength. Low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities: (i) likely will have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of one or more NRSROs, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions; (ii) are speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation; and (iii) may have a less liquid secondary market, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities. Low and below investment grade securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities is subject to certain risks. The rates of return on these types of securities generally are higher than the rates of return available on more highly rated securities, but generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of principal and income, including the possibility of default by or insolvency of the issuers of such securities. Accordingly, a Fund may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis with respect to these types of securities than is the case for more highly rated securities.
The market values of certain low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than are the market value of more highly rated securities. In addition, issuers of low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities often are highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired.
The risk of loss due to default is greater for low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities than it is for higher rated securities because low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to more senior indebtedness. A Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its holdings of such securities. The existence of limited markets for lower-rated debt securities may diminish a Fund’s ability to: (i) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating portfolio net asset value; and (ii) sell the securities at fair market value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or in financial markets.
Many lower-rated securities are not registered for offer and sale to the public under the 1933Act. Investments in these restricted securities may be determined to be liquid (able to be sold within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued by a Fund) pursuant to policies approved by the Fund’s Trustees. Investments in illiquid securities, including restricted securities that have not been determined to be liquid, may not exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets. A Fund is not otherwise subject to any limitation on its ability to invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities may be less liquid than other lower-rated securities, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities.
Money Market Instruments
Money market instruments are high-quality, short-term debt obligations, which include: (i) bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances; (ii) funding agreements; (iii) repurchase
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agreements; (iv) obligations of the United States, foreign countries and supranational entities, and each of their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities; (v) certain corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper, short-term corporate obligations and extendible commercial notes; (vi) participation interests; and (vii) municipal securities. Money market instruments may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in money market instruments is subject to certain risks. Money market instruments (other than certain U.S. Government obligations) are not backed or insured by the U.S. Government, its agencies or its instrumentalities. Accordingly, only the creditworthiness of an issuer, or guarantees of that issuer, support such instruments.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities are a type of asset-backed security and represent interests in, or debt instruments backed by, pools of underlying mortgages. In some cases, these underlying mortgages may be insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Mortgage-backed securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral effectively pass through to such security holders. Mortgage-backed securities are created when mortgage originators (or mortgage loan sellers who have purchased mortgage loans from mortgage loan originators) sell the underlying mortgages to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying mortgage loans, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Mortgage-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued or guaranteed by GNMA (also known as Ginnie Mae), FNMA (also known as Fannie Mae), or FHLMC (also known as Freddie Mac), but also may be issued or guaranteed by other issuers, including private companies. GNMA is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Until recently, FNMA and FHLMC were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. In mid-2008, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to increase the size of home loans that FNMA and FHLMC could purchase in certain residential areas and, until 2009, to lend FNMA and FHLMC emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock. In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed in conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), a newly created independent regulator. In addition to placing the companies in conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury announced three additional steps that it intended to take with respect to FNMA and FHLMC. First, the U.S. Treasury has entered into “Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements” (PSPAs) under which, if the FHFA determines that FNMA’s or FHLMC’s liabilities have exceeded its assets under generally accepted accounting principles, the U.S. Treasury will contribute cash capital to the company in an amount equal to the difference between liabilities and assets. The PSPAs are designed to provide protection to the senior and subordinated debt and the mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC. Second, the U.S. Treasury established a new secured lending credit facility that was available to FNMA and FHLMC until December 2009. Third, the U.S. Treasury initiated a temporary program to purchase FNMA
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and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities that concluded in December 2009. Although the U.S. Government has provided support to FNMA and FHLMC, there can be no assurances that it will support these and other government sponsored enterprises in the future.
CMOs are debt obligations issued by special-purpose trusts, collateralized by underlying mortgage assets. Principal prepayments on underlying mortgage assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates, resulting in a loss of all or part of the premium if any has been paid. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a periodic basis. The principal and interest payments on the underlying mortgage assets may be allocated among the various classes of CMOs in several ways. Typically, payments of principal, including any prepayments, on the underlying mortgage assets are applied to the classes in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal is made on CMOs of a class until all CMOs of other classes having earlier stated maturities or final distribution dates have been paid in full.
REMICs are entities that own mortgages and elect REMIC status under the Code and, like CMOs, issue debt obligations collateralized by underlying mortgage assets that have characteristics similar to those issued by CMOs.
Investing in mortgage-backed securities is subject to certain risks, including, among others, prepayment, market and credit risks. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages more quickly than expected, which may affect the security’s average maturity and rate of return. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages also may be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions, among other factors. Market risk reflects the risk that the price of a security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities can be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, which in turn may decrease their value. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of mortgage-backed securities may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or the underlying mortgage borrower has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for mortgage-backed securities that are backed by mortgages to so-called subprime borrowers (who may pose a greater risk of defaulting on their loans) or that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of a mortgage-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be. Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers, whether or not such obligations are subject to guarantees by the private issuer, may entail greater risk than mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government. The performance of mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers generally depends on the financial health of those institutions.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities include debt obligations issued by governmental entities to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses, and the extension of loans to public institutions and facilities. Municipal securities can be classified into two principal categories, including “general obligation” bonds and other securities and “revenue” bonds and other securities. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source, such as the user of the facility being financed. Municipal securities also may include “moral obligation” securities, which normally are issued by special
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purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation securities is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund, the restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the governmental entity that created the special purpose public authority. Municipal securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Municipal securities may include municipal bonds, municipal notes and municipal leases. Municipal bonds are debt obligations of a governmental entity that obligate the municipality to pay the holder a specified sum of money at specified intervals and to repay the principal amount of the loan at maturity.
Municipal notes may be issued by governmental entities and other tax-exempt issuers in order to finance short-term cash needs or, occasionally, to finance construction. Most municipal notes are general obligations of the issuing entity payable from taxes or designated revenues expected to be received within the relevant fiscal period. Municipal notes generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes can be subdivided into two sub-categories: (i) municipal commercial paper and (ii) municipal demand obligations.
Municipal commercial paper typically consists of very short-term unsecured negotiable promissory notes that are sold, for example, to meet seasonal working capital or interim construction financing needs of a governmental entity or agency. While these obligations are intended to be paid from general revenues or refinanced with long-term debt, they frequently are backed by letters of credit, lending agreements, note repurchase agreements or other credit facility agreements offered by banks or institutions.
Municipal demand obligations can be subdivided into two general types: variable rate demand notes and master demand obligations. Variable rate demand notes are tax-exempt municipal obligations or participation interests that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the notes. They permit the holder to demand payment of the notes, or to demand purchase of the notes at a purchase price equal to the unpaid principal balance, plus accrued interest either directly by the issuer or by drawing on a bank letter of credit or guaranty issued with respect to such note. The issuer of the municipal obligation may have a corresponding right to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal of the note plus accrued interest upon notice comparable to that required for the holder to demand payment. The variable rate demand notes in which a Fund may invest are payable, or are subject to purchase, on demand usually on notice of seven calendar days or less. The terms of the notes generally provide that interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to six months.
Master demand obligations are tax-exempt municipal obligations that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid and permit daily changes in the amount borrowed. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel for the borrower, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes (but not necessarily for alternative minimum tax purposes). Although there is no secondary market for master demand obligations, such obligations are considered by a Fund to be liquid because they are payable upon demand.
Municipal lease obligations are participations in privately arranged loans to state or local government borrowers. In general, such loans are unrated, in which case they will be determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments that may be acquired by a Fund. Frequently, privately arranged loans have variable interest rates and may be backed by a bank letter of credit. In other cases, they may be unsecured or may be secured by assets not easily liquidated. Moreover, such loans in most cases are not backed by the taxing authority of the issuers and may have limited marketability or may be marketable only by virtue of a provision requiring repayment following demand by the lender.
Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipal issuer to which the government’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation ordinarily is backed by the government’s covenant to
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budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses that provide that the government has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a periodic basis. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, a Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default likely will be limited to the repossession of the leased property in the event that foreclosure proves difficult.
Tender option bonds are municipal securities having relatively long maturities and bearing interest at a fixed interest rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates that is coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a bank, broker/dealer or other financial institution, to grant the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. The financial institution receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal security’s coupon rate and the rate that would cause the security to trade at face value on the date of determination.
Investing in municipal securities is subject to certain risks. There are variations in the quality of municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, and the rates of return on municipal securities can depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. The ratings of NRSROs represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities. It should be emphasized, however, that these ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and municipal securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different rates of return while municipal securities of the same maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same rate of return.
The payment of principal and interest on most municipal securities purchased by a Fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuer’s obligations under its municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the United States Bankruptcy Code. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on and principal of its municipal securities may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
There are particular considerations and risks relevant to investing in a portfolio of a single state’s municipal securities, such as the greater risk of the concentration of portfolio holdings.
The Funds ordinarily purchase municipal securities whose interest, in the opinion of bond counsel, is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The opinion of bond counsel may assert that such interest is not an item of tax preference for the purposes of the alternative minimum tax or is exempt from certain state or local taxes. There is no assurance that the applicable taxing authority will agree with this opinion. In the event, for example, the IRS determines that an issuer does not comply with relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued. As a shareholder of the Fund, you may be required to file an amended tax return as a result, reporting such income as taxable.
For more information about the economic conditions, legal matters and key risks associated with investments in certain states, see Appendix D.
Participation Interests
Participation interests (also called pass-through certificates or securities) represent an interest in a pool of debt obligations, such as municipal bonds or notes, that have been “packaged” by an intermediary, such as a bank or broker/dealer. Participation interests typically are issued by partnerships or trusts through which a Fund receives principal and interest payments that are passed through to the holder of the participation interest from
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the payments made on the underlying debt obligations. The purchaser of a participation interest receives an undivided interest in the underlying debt obligations. The issuers of the underlying debt obligations make interest and principal payments to the intermediary, as an initial purchaser, which are passed through to purchasers in the secondary market, such as a Fund. Mortgage-backed securities are a common type of participation interest. Participation interests may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in- kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Loan participations also are a type of participation interest. Loan participations are interests in loans that are administered by a lending bank or agent for a syndicate of lending banks and sold by the bank or syndicate members.
Investing in participation interests is subject to certain risks. Participation interests generally are subject to the credit risk associated with the underlying borrowers. If the underlying borrower defaults, a Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if a Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the borrower. A Fund also may be deemed a creditor of the lending bank or syndicate members and be subject to the risk that the lending bank or syndicate members may become insolvent.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock represents units of ownership of a corporation that frequently have dividends that are set at a specified rate. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. Preferred stock shares some of the characteristics of both debt and equity. Preferred stock ordinarily does not carry voting rights. Most preferred stock is cumulative; if dividends are passed (i.e., not paid for any reason), they accumulate and must be paid before common stock dividends. Participating preferred stock entitles its holders to share in profits above and beyond the declared dividend, along with common shareholders, as distinguished from nonparticipating preferred stock, which is limited to the stipulated dividend. Convertible preferred stock is exchangeable for a given number of shares of common stock and thus tends to be more volatile than nonconvertible preferred stock, which generally behaves more like a fixed income bond. Preferred stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Auction preferred stock (APS) is a type of adjustable-rate preferred stock with a dividend determined periodically in a Dutch auction process by corporate bidders. Shares typically are bought and sold at face values generally ranging from $100,000 to $500,000 per share.
In addition to reinvestment risk if interest rates fall, some specific risks with regard to APS include:
• | Failed auction: A breakdown of the auction process can occur. In the event that the process fails, the rate is reset at the maximum applicable rate, which is usually described in the prospectuses and typically is influenced by the issuer’s credit rating. In a failed auction, current shareholders generally are unable to sell some, or all, of the shares when the auction is completed. Typically, the liquidity for APS that have experienced a failed auction becomes very limited. If a failed auction were to occur, the shareholder generally would hold his or her shares until the next auction. Should there not be subsequent auctions that “cure” the failed process, the shareholder may: (1) hold the APS in anticipation of a refinancing by the issuer that would cause the APS to be called, or (2) hold securities either indefinitely or in anticipation of the development of a secondary market. |
• | Early call risk: APS generally is redeemable at any time, usually upon notice, at the issuer’s option, at par plus accrued dividends. |
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Investing in preferred stock is subject to certain risks. For example, stock market risk is the risk that the value of such stocks, like the broader stock markets, may decline over short or even extended periods. Domestic and foreign stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods when prices generally rise and periods when prices generally decline. The value of individual stocks will rise and decline based on factors specific to each corporation, such as changes in earnings or management.
Investing in preferred stock also may involve the risks applicable to investing in a particular company. For example, stocks of smaller companies tend to have greater price fluctuations than stocks of larger companies because, among other things, they trade less frequently and in lower volumes, are more susceptible to changes in economic conditions, are more reliant on singular products or services and are more vulnerable to larger competitors. Stocks of these companies may have a higher potential for gains but also are subject to greater risk of loss.
Investing in preferred stock also may involve the risks applicable to investing in a particular industry, such as technology, financial services, consumer goods or natural resources (e.g., oil and gas). To some extent, the prices of stocks tend to move by industry sector. When market conditions favorably affect, or are expected to favorably affect, an industry, the prices of the stocks of companies in that industry tend to rise. Conversely, negative news or a poor outlook for a particular industry can cause the value of those companies’ stock to decline.
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities
Private placement securities are securities that have been privately placed and are not registered under the 1933 Act. They are eligible for sale only to certain eligible investors. Private placements often may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market. Private placement and other “restricted” securities often cannot be sold to the public without registration under the 1933 Act or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or they are “not readily marketable” because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale. Asset-backed securities, common stock, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, preferred stock and other types of equity and debt instruments may be privately placed or restricted securities.
Private placements typically may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers (or, in the case of the initial sale of certain securities, such as those issued in collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations, to accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501(a) under the 1933 Act), or in a privately negotiated transaction or to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration.
Investing in private placement and other restricted securities is subject to certain risks. Private placements may be considered illiquid securities. Private placements typically are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such securities, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, a Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when it may be advisable to do so or it may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times, it also may be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing a Fund’s net asset value due to the absence of a trading market.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships
REITs are entities that either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans and also may include operating or finance companies. An equity REIT generally holds equity positions in real estate and seeks to
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provide its shareholders with income from the leasing of its properties and with capital gains from any sales of properties. A mortgage REIT generally specializes in lending money to owners of properties and passes through any interest income it may earn to its shareholders.
Partnership units of real estate and other types of companies sometimes are organized as master limited partnerships in which ownership interests are publicly traded. Master limited partnerships often own several properties or businesses (or directly own interests) that are related to real estate development and the oil and gas industries, but they also may finance motion pictures, research and development and other projects.
REITs are subject to certain risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, including, for example, declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, and variations in rental income. REITs also may be subject to interest rate risk. In general, increases in interest rates will decrease the value of high-yield securities and increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could decrease the value of a REIT’s investments. In addition, equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of credit extended. Both equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills. REITs also may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, and the possibility of failing to qualify for preferential tax treatment under the Code, which could adversely affect dividend payments. REITs also may not be diversified.
Investing in master limited partnerships generally is subject to the risks applicable to investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation, which may include fewer protections afforded to investors. Additional risks include those associated with the specific industries in which a master limited partnership invests, such as the risks associated with investing in the real estate or oil and gas industries.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund acquires a security for a relatively short period of time subject to the obligation of a seller to repurchase and a Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing a Fund’s cost plus interest). Repurchase agreements also may be viewed as loans made by a Fund that are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. A Fund typically will enter into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks, registered broker/dealers and the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. Such transactions are monitored to ensure that the value of the underlying securities will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including any accrued interest. Repurchase agreements generally are subject to counterparty risk.
If a counterparty defaults, a Fund could realize a loss on the sale of the underlying security to the extent that the proceeds of the sale are less than the resale price provided in the repurchase agreement including interest. In the event that a counterparty fails to perform because it is insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, a Fund’s right to take possession of the underlying securities would be subject to applicable insolvency law and procedure, including an automatic stay (which would preclude immediate enforcement of a Fund’s rights) and exemptions thereto (which would permit a Fund to take possession of the underlying securities or to void a repurchase agreement altogether). Since it is possible that an exemption from the automatic stay would not be available, a Fund might be prevented from immediately enforcing its rights against the counterparty. Accordingly, if a counterparty becomes insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, a Fund may incur delays in or be prevented from liquidating the underlying securities and could experience losses, including the possible decline in value of the underlying securities during the period in which a Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, possible subnormal levels of income or lack of access to income during such time, as well as the costs incurred in enforcing a Fund’s rights. For example, if a Fund enters into a repurchase agreement with a broker that becomes insolvent, it is possible for the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) to institute a liquidation proceeding in federal court against the broker counterparty which could lead to a foreclosure by SIPC of the underlying securities or SIPC may stay, or preclude, a Fund’s ability under contract to terminate the repurchase agreement.
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund sells a security subject to the obligation of a buyer to resell and a Fund to repurchase such security at a fixed time and price. Reverse repurchase agreements also may be viewed as borrowings made by a Fund.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities a Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements are techniques involving leverage, and are subject to asset coverage requirements. Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, a Fund is required to maintain an asset coverage (including the proceeds of the borrowings) of at least 300% of all borrowings.
Standby Commitments
Standby commitments are securities under which a purchaser, usually a bank or broker/dealer, agrees to purchase, for a fee, an amount of a Fund’s municipal obligations. The amount payable by a bank or broker/dealer to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment typically will be substantially the same as the value of the underlying municipal securities. A Fund may pay for standby commitments either separately in cash or by paying a higher price for portfolio securities that are acquired subject to such a commitment.
Using standby commitments is subject to certain risks. Standby commitments are subject to the risk that a counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment.
Stripped Securities
Stripped securities are securities that evidence ownership in either the future interest or principal payments on an instrument. There are many different types and variations of stripped securities. For example, Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS), can be component parts of a U.S. Treasury security where the principal and interest components are traded independently through DTC, a clearing agency registered pursuant to Section 17A of the 1934 Act and created to hold securities for its participants, and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic computerized book-entries, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Treasury Investor Growth Receipts (TIGERs) are U.S. Treasury securities stripped by brokers. Stripped mortgage-backed securities, or SMBS, also can be issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Stripped securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed assets. Common types of SMBS will be structured so that one class receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage-backed assets, while another class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal.
Investing in stripped securities is subject to certain risks. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail fully to recoup its initial investment in such securities. The market value of the class consisting primarily or entirely of principal payments can be especially volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The rates of return on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest are generally higher than prevailing market rates of return on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns also are volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be recouped fully.
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U.S. Government and Related Obligations
U.S. Government obligations include U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government or by various instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. Government. U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government differ in their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance, as well as with respect to whether they are guaranteed by the U.S. Government. U.S. Government and related obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
U.S. Government obligations also include senior unsecured debt securities issued between October 14, 2008 and June 30, 2009 by eligible issuers (including U.S. depository institutions insured by the FDIC (and certain affiliates), U.S. bank holding companies and certain U.S. savings and loan holding companies) that are guaranteed by the FDIC under its Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (the “TLGP”). The FDIC’s guarantee under the TLGP will expire upon the earlier of (i) maturity of such security or (ii) June 30, 2012. It is the view of the FDIC and the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that any debt security that is guaranteed by the FDIC under the TLGP and that has a maturity that ends on or before June 30, 2012 would be a security exempt from registration under Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 because such security would be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the FDIC.
Investing in securities guaranteed under the TLGP is subject to certain risks. Given that there is a limited track record for securities guaranteed under the TLGP, it is uncertain whether such securities will continue to trade in line with recent experience in relation to treasury and government agency securities in terms of yield spread and the volatility of such spread and it is uncertain how such securities will trade in the secondary market and whether that market will be liquid or illiquid. The TLGP is a new program that is subject to change. In order to collect from the FDIC under the TLGP, a claims process must be followed. Failure to follow the claims process could result in a loss to the right to payment under the guarantee. In addition, guarantee payments by the FDIC under the TLGP may be delayed.
Investing in U.S. Government and related obligations is subject to certain risks. While U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government, securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality and, as a result, may be subject to greater credit risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises historically have involved limited risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, no assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations
Variable- and floating-rate obligations provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate and, under certain circumstances, varying principal amounts. Unlike a fixed interest rate, a variable, or floating, rate is one that rises and declines based on the movement of an underlying index of interest rates and may pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula. Asset-backed securities, bank obligations, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as variable- and floating-rate obligations.
Investing in variable- and floating-rate obligations is subject to certain risks. Variable- and floating-rate obligations may involve direct lending arrangements between the purchaser and the issuer and there may be no active secondary market, making it difficult to resell such obligations to a third party. Variable- and floating-rate
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obligations also may be subject to interest rate and credit risks. Changes in interest rates can affect the rate of return on such obligations. If an issuer of a variable- or floating-rate obligation defaults, a Fund could sustain a loss to the extent of such default.
Warrants and Rights
Warrants and rights are types of securities that give a holder a right to purchase shares of common stock. Warrants usually are issued together with a bond or preferred stock and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price typically for a period of years. Rights usually have a specified purchase price that is lower than the current market price and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock typically for a period of only weeks. Warrants may be used to enhance the marketability of a bond or preferred stock.
Warrants and rights may be subject to the risk that the securities could lose value. There also is the risk that the potential exercise price may exceed the market price of the warrants or rights, such as when there is no movement in the market price or the market price of such securities declines.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by a Fund, with payment and delivery taking place in the future. When engaging in when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, a Fund typically will hold cash or liquid securities in a segregated account in an amount equal to or greater than the purchase price. The payment obligation and, if applicable, the interest rate that will be received on the securities, are fixed at the time that a Fund agrees to purchase the securities. A Fund generally will enter into when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions only with the intention of completing such transactions. However, the Adviser may determine not to complete a transaction if it deems it appropriate. In such cases, a Fund may realize short-term gains or losses.
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the risks that the securities purchased may fall in value by the time they actually are issued or that the other party may fail to honor the contract terms. A Fund that invests in delayed delivery securities may rely on a third party to complete the transaction. Failure by a third party to deliver a security purchased on a delayed delivery basis may result in a financial loss to a Fund or the loss of an opportunity to make an alternative investment.
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities
Zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities are types of debt instruments that do not necessarily make payments of interest in fixed amounts or at fixed intervals. Asset-backed securities, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities.
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest on a current basis but instead accrue interest over the life of the security. These securities include, among others, zero-coupon bonds, which either may be issued at a discount by a corporation or government entity or may be created by a brokerage firm when it strips the coupons from a bond or note and then sells the bond or note and the coupon separately. This technique is used frequently with U.S. Treasury bonds, and zero-coupon securities are marketed under such names as CATS (Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities), TIGERs or STRIPS. Zero-coupon bonds also are issued by municipalities. Buying a municipal zero-coupon bond frees its purchaser of the obligation to pay regular federal income tax on imputed interest, since the interest is exempt for regular federal income tax purposes. Zero-coupon certificates of deposit and zero-coupon mortgages are generally structured in the same fashion as zero-coupon bonds; the certificate of deposit holder or mortgage holder receives face value at maturity and no payments until then.
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Pay-in-kind securities normally give the issuer an option to pay cash at a coupon payment date or to give the holder of the security a similar security with the same coupon rate and a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made.
Step-coupon securities trade at a discount from their face value and pay coupon interest. The coupon rate is paid according to a schedule for a series of periods, typically lower for an initial period and then increasing to a higher coupon rate thereafter. The discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issue.
Zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities holders generally have substantially all the rights and privileges of holders of the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations. Holders of these securities have the right upon default on the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations to proceed directly and individually against the issuer and are not required to act in concert with other holders of such securities.
Investing in zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities is subject to certain risks, including that market prices of zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities generally are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash, and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities.
Because zero-coupon securities bear no interest, they are volatile. Since zero-coupon bondholders do not receive interest payments, zero-coupon securities fall more dramatically than bonds paying interest on a current basis when interest rates rise. However, when interest rates fall, zero-coupon securities rise more rapidly in value than interest paying bonds.
Each Fund has a fundamental policy with respect to borrowing that can be found under the heading About the Funds’ Investments — Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies. Specifically, each Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Funds. In general, pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund may borrow money only from banks in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed this amount must be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation.
The Funds participate in a committed line of credit (Line of Credit). Any advance under the Line of Credit is contemplated primarily for temporary or emergency purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests that otherwise might require the untimely sale of portfolio securities.
Pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC, a Fund may, subject to certain conditions, borrow money from or lend money to other funds in the Columbia Funds Family or any other registered investment company advised by the Adviser or its affiliates for temporary emergency purposes in order to facilitate redemption requests, or for other purposes consistent with Fund investment policies and restrictions. All loans are set at an interest rate between the rates charged on overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans.
A Fund may sometimes sell securities short when it owns an equal amount of such securities as those securities sold short. This is a technique known as selling short “against the box.” If a Fund makes a short sale “against the box,” it would not immediately deliver the securities sold and would not receive the proceeds from the sale. The seller is said to have a short position in the securities sold until it delivers the securities sold, at
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which time it receives the proceeds of the sale. To secure its obligation to deliver securities sold short, a Fund will deposit in escrow in a separate account with the custodian an equal amount of the securities sold short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such securities. A Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and delivering an equal amount of the securities sold short, rather than by delivering securities already held by a Fund, because a Fund might want to continue to receive interest and dividend payments on securities in its portfolio that are convertible into the securities sold short.
Short sales “against the box” entail many of the same risks and considerations described above regarding short sales not “against the box.” However, when a Fund sells short “against the box” it typically limits the amount of securities that it has leveraged. A Fund’s decision to make a short sale “against the box” may be a technique to hedge against market risks when the Adviser believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by a Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In such case, any future losses in a Fund’s long position would be reduced by a gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in the long position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short relative to the amount of the securities a Fund owns, either directly or indirectly, and, in the case where a Fund owns convertible securities, changes in the investment values or conversion premiums of such securities. Short sales may have adverse tax consequences to a Fund and its shareholders.
Subject to its fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies, a Fund may engage in short sales that are not “against the box,” which are sales by a Fund of securities or commodity futures contracts that it does not own in hopes of purchasing the same security at a later date at a lower price. The technique is also used to protect a profit in a long-term position in a security or commodity futures contract. To make delivery to the buyer, a Fund must borrow or purchase the security. If borrowed, a Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed from the third party, so a Fund must purchase the security at the market price at a later time. If the price of the security has increased during this time, then a Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price of the security from the time of the short sale plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. (Until the security is replaced, a Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, a Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.)
Short sales by a Fund that are not made “against the box” create opportunities to increase a Fund’s return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique. Because a Fund in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, a Fund’s NAV per share tends to increase more when the securities it has sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has sold short increase in value, than if it had not engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or interest a Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale. Short sales could potentially involve unlimited loss, as the market price of securities sold short may continually increase, although a Fund can mitigate any such losses by replacing the securities sold short. Under adverse market conditions, a Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. There is also the risk that the third party to the short sale may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to a Fund.
A Fund’s successful use of short sales also will be subject to the ability of the Adviser to predict movements in the directions of the relevant market. A Fund therefore bears the risk that the Adviser will incorrectly predict future price directions. In addition, if a Fund sells a security short, and that security’s price goes up, a Fund will have to make up the margin on its open position (i.e., purchase more securities on the market to cover the position). It may be unable to do so and thus its position may not be closed out. There can be no assurance that a Fund will not incur significant losses in such a case.
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In the view of the SEC, a short sale involves the creation of a “senior security” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, unless the sale is “against the box” and the securities sold short are placed in a segregated account (not with the broker), or unless a Fund’s obligation to deliver the securities sold short is “covered” by placing in a segregated account (not with the broker) cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities in an amount equal to the difference between the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale and any such collateral required to be deposited with a broker in connection with the sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale), which difference is adjusted daily for changes in the value of the securities sold short. The total value of the cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities deposited with the broker and otherwise segregated may not at any time be less than the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale.
Securities lending refers to the lending of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Subject to its investment policies described above and in the prospectuses, the Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities to broker/dealers and other institutional investors. Securities loans by the Fund are made pursuant to agreements that require that loans be secured continuously by collateral in cash. The Fund retains all or a portion of the income received on investment of cash collateral. A borrower will pay to the Fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on securities loaned, but the borrower typically will receive a portion of the income earned on investments of cash collateral. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with respect to loaned securities pass to a borrower, the Fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice, and may do so in order to vote upon matters affecting, or to sell, the loaned securities.
The Fund typically invests the cash collateral it receives in connection with its securities lending program directly or indirectly in high quality, short-term investments. The Fund may invest some or all of such cash collateral in one or more pooled investment vehicles, including, among other vehicles, money market funds managed by the Fund’s securities lending agent or its affiliates. The securities lending agent shares in any income resulting from the investment of such cash collateral, and an affiliate of the securities lending agent receives asset-based fees for the management of such pooled investment vehicles, which may create a conflict of interest between the securities lending agent (or its affiliate) and the Fund with respect to the management of such cash collateral.
Engaging in securities lending is subject to certain risks, including counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty to a transaction could default. There also is a risk of possible delay in the recovery of loaned securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral if a borrower fails financially.
A change in the securities held by a Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” High portfolio turnover (e.g., over 100%) involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales may also result in adverse tax consequences to a Fund’s shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance.
For each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate, see the Fees and Expenses of the Fund — Portfolio Turnover section in the prospectuses for that Fund.
In any particular year, market conditions may result in greater rates than are presently anticipated. The rate of a Fund’s turnover may vary significantly from time to time depending on the volatility of economic and market conditions.
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Disclosure of Portfolio Information
The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each Fund’s portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that disclosure of information regarding a Fund’s portfolio securities is in the best interests of Fund shareholders and to address conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Fund, on the other. These policies and procedures provide that a Fund’s portfolio holdings information generally may not be disclosed to any party prior to the earlier of: (i) the business day next following the posting of such information on the Columbia Funds’ website, if applicable, or (ii) the time a Fund discloses the information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information. Certain limited exceptions that have been approved consistent with the policies and procedures are described below. The Board is updated as needed regarding compliance with these policies and procedures. The policies and procedures prohibit the Adviser and a Fund’s other service providers from entering into any agreement to disclose Fund portfolio holdings information in exchange for any form of consideration. The same policies and procedures apply to all categories of Columbia Funds and include some variations tailored to the different categories of Columbia Funds. Accordingly, some of the provisions described below do not apply to the Columbia Funds covered by this SAI. The Adviser also has adopted policies and procedures to monitor for compliance with these portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
Public Disclosures
The Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings are currently disclosed to the public through required filings with the SEC and on the Columbia Funds’ website. This information is available on the Columbia Funds’ website as described below.
• | For equity, convertible, balanced and asset allocation Columbia Funds, other than small cap and specialty Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month-end is posted approximately but no earlier than 15 calendar days after such month-end. |
• | For small cap and specialty Columbia Funds and those Columbia Funds that are sub-advised by Marsico and Brandes, subadvisers for certain Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month end is posted approximately but no earlier than 30 calendar days after such month-end. |
• | For fixed-income funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a calendar quarter-end is posted approximately but no earlier than 30 calendar days after such quarter-end. |
• | For money market funds, a complete list of fund portfolio holdings as of month-end are posted on the Columbia Funds’ website on a monthly basis, approximately five business days after such month-end. Commencing with the month-end holdings as of September 2010 and thereafter, such month-end holdings will be continuously available on the website for at least six months, together with a link to an SEC webpage where a user of the website may obtain access to the fund’s most recent 12 months of publicly available filings on Form N-MFP. Additionally, as of September 2010 and thereafter, money market fund portfolio holdings information posted on the website will, at minimum, include with respect to each holding, the name of the issuer, the category of investment (e.g., Treasury debt, government agency debt, asset backed commercial paper, structured investment vehicle note), the CUSIP number (if any), the principal amount, the maturity date (as determined under Rule 2a-7 for purposes of calculating weighted average maturity), the final maturity date (if different from the maturity date previously described), coupon or yield and the amortized cost value. The money market funds will also disclose on the website the overall weighted average maturity and weighted average life maturity of a holding. |
The Adviser makes publicly available information regarding certain Columbia Fund’s largest five to fifteen holdings, as a percent of the market value of the Columbia Funds’ portfolios as of a month-end. This holdings information is made publicly available through the website generally no earlier than fifteen (15) days following the month-end.
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The Adviser may also disclose more current portfolio holdings information as of specified dates on the Columbia Funds’ website.
The scope of the information that is made available on the Columbia Funds’ website pursuant to the Columbia Funds’ policies relating to a Columbia Fund’s portfolio may change from time to time without prior notice. The Columbia Funds file their portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semi-annual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of each Columbia Fund’s fiscal year). Shareholders may obtain each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, a link to which is provided on the Columbia Funds’ website. In addition, each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 202.551.8090 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the public reference room.
The Columbia Funds, the Adviser and their affiliates may include portfolio holdings information that already has been made public through a website posting or SEC filing in marketing literature and other communications to shareholders, advisors or other parties, provided that the information is disclosed no earlier than the business day after the date the information is disclosed publicly on the Columbia Funds’ website or no earlier than the time a Columbia Fund files such information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information.
Other Disclosures
The Columbia Funds’ policies and procedures provide that no disclosures of the Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings may be made prior to the portfolio holdings information being made public unless (i) the Columbia Funds have a legitimate business purpose for making such disclosure, (ii) the Columbia Funds’ President authorizes such non-public disclosure of information, and (iii) the party receiving the non-public information enters into an appropriate confidentiality agreement or is otherwise subject to a confidentiality obligation.
In determining the existence of a legitimate business purpose for making portfolio disclosures, the following factors, among others, are considered: (i) any prior disclosure must be consistent with the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties of the Adviser; (ii) any conflicts of interest between the interests of Columbia Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Columbia Fund, on the other; and (iii) any prior disclosure to a third party, although subject to a confidentiality agreement, would not make conduct lawful that otherwise is unlawful.
In addition, the Columbia Funds periodically disclose their portfolio information on a confidential basis to various service providers that require such information to assist the Columbia Funds with their day-to-day business affairs. In addition to the Adviser and its affiliates, these service providers include each Columbia Fund’s subadviser(s) (if any), the Columbia Funds’ custodian, sub-custodians, independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel, financial printers, proxy solicitor and proxy voting service provider, as well as ratings agencies that maintain ratings on certain Columbia Funds. These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the Columbia Funds. The Columbia Funds also may disclose portfolio holdings information to broker/dealers and certain other entities in connection with potential transactions and management of the Columbia Funds, provided that reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
Each Columbia Fund’s Board has adopted policies to ensure that the Columbia Fund’s holdings information is only disclosed in accordance with these policies. Before any selective disclosure of holdings information is permitted, the person seeking to disclose such holdings information must submit a written request to the Portfolio Holdings Committee (“PHC”). The PHC is comprised of members from the Adviser’s legal department, the
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Adviser’s compliance department, and the Columbia Funds’ President. The PHC has been authorized by each Columbia Fund’s Board to perform an initial review of requests for disclosure of holdings information to evaluate whether there is a legitimate business purpose for selective disclosure, whether selective disclosure is in the best interests of a fund and its shareholders, to consider any potential conflicts of interest between the fund, the investment adviser, and its affiliates, and to safeguard against improper use of holdings information. Factors considered in this analysis are whether the recipient has agreed to or has a duty to keep the holdings information confidential and whether risks have been mitigated such that the recipient has agreed or has a duty to use the holdings information only as necessary to effectuate the purpose for which selective disclosure was authorized, including a duty not to trade on such information. Before portfolio holdings may be selectively disclosed, requests approved by the PHC must also be authorized by either the Columbia Fund’s President, Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel or their respective designees. On at least an annual basis, the PHC reviews the approved recipients of selective disclosure and may require a resubmission of the request, in order to re-authorize certain ongoing arrangements. These procedures are intended to be reasonably designed to protect the confidentiality of fund holdings information and to prohibit their release to individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries that distribute the Columbia Funds’ shares, and other parties, until such holdings information is made public or unless such persons have been authorized to receive such holdings information on a selective basis, as set forth above.
The Columbia Funds currently have ongoing arrangements with certain approved recipients with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings information prior to such information being made public. Portfolio holdings information disclosed to such recipients is current as of the time of its disclosure, is disclosed to each recipient solely for purposes consistent with the services described below and has been authorized by the Columbia Funds’ President. These special arrangements are described in the table below.
Ongoing Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Arrangements
IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS | FREQUENCY | |||
Standard & Poor’s | None | Use to maintain ratings for certain money market funds. | Weekly | |||
InvestorTools, Inc. | None | Access granted solely for the purpose of testing back office conversion of trading systems. | Real time | |||
ING Insurance Company | None | Access granted for specific Columbia Funds for ING’s creation of client/shareholder materials. ING may not distribute materials until the holdings information is made public. | Quarterly | |||
Glass-Lewis & Co. | None | Access in connection with testing the firm’s proxy services. | Daily | |||
CMS Bondedge | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with application used by the Adviser’s Fixed Income Portfolio Management team as an analytical and trading tool. | Ad hoc |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS | FREQUENCY | |||
Linedata Services, Inc. | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with the software for the LongView Trade Order Management System. | Ad hoc | |||
JP Morgan | None | Access to provide the Adviser’s High Yield portfolio management team with peer group analysis reports for purposes of analyzing the portfolio. | Monthly | |||
Malaspina Communications | None | Use to facilitate writing, publishing and mailing Columbia Fund shareholder reports and communications including shareholder letters and management’s discussion of Columbia Fund performance. | Quarterly | |||
Evare LLP | None | Use for standardizing and reformatting data according to the Adviser’s specifications for use in the reconciliation process. | Daily | |||
FactSet Research Systems, Inc. | None | Use for provision of quantitative analytics, charting and fundamental data to the Adviser and Marsico, subadviser to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
RR Donnelley/WE Andrews | None | Access as printers for the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs, fact sheets and brochures. | Monthly | |||
Merrill Corporation | None | Use to provide fulfillment of the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs and sales materials. | Monthly | |||
Citigroup | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with Yield Book, an analytic software program that the Adviser uses to perform ongoing risk analysis and management of certain fixed income Columbia Funds and fixed income separately managed accounts. | Daily |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS | FREQUENCY | |||
Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) | None | Proxy voting administration and research on proxy matters utilized by MacKay Shields LLC, subadviser for certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
Cogent Consulting LLC | None | Utilized by Marsico, subadviser for certain Columbia Funds, to facilitate the evaluation of commission rates and to provide flexible commission reporting. | Daily | |||
Moody’s | None | Ongoing portfolio surveillance for ratings it maintains on certain money market funds. | Monthly | |||
Kynex | None | Use to provide portfolio attribution reports. | Daily | |||
Bowne & Co. | None | Use for printing of the following materials: prospectuses, supplements and SAIs. | Monthly/ quarterly | |||
Bloomberg | None | Use for portfolio analytics. | Daily | |||
Barclays Point | None | Use for analytics including risk and attribution assessment. | Daily | |||
Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. | None | Proxy voting and research utilized by Marsico, subadviser to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Macgregor) | None | Order management system utilized by Marsico, subadviser for certain Columbia Funds that stores trading data and is used for trading and compliance purposes. | Ad hoc | |||
Advent/AXP | None | Portfolio accounting system utilized by Marsico, subadviser to certain Columbia Funds, for both portfolio accounting and internal recordkeeping purposes. | Ad hoc | |||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Plexus Group) | None | Evaluation and assessment of trading activity, execution and practices by the Adviser. | Five days after quarter-end | |||
BANA and State Street | None | Credit analysis performed by lenders. | Ad hoc | |||
State Street | None | Use to provide custodian services. | Real time | |||
Lipper | None | Use to create metrics for board and executive management reporting, product and marketing analysis, and fund performance. | Daily | |||
Morningstar, Inc. | None | Use for independent research and ranking of Columbia Funds. | Daily |
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INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
The Adviser and Investment Advisory Services
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly, RiverSource Investments, LLC) (the Adviser) is the investment adviser and administrator of the Funds. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. Ameriprise Financial is located at 1099 Ameriprise Financial Center, Minneapolis, MN 55474. The Adviser is located at 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110. Prior to May 1, 2010, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (the Previous Adviser), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of America, was the Funds’ investment adviser and administrator.
The International Value Fund is a Feeder Fund and does not pay investment advisory fees because it invests all of its assets in Columbia International Value Master Portfolio. The Adviser earns its fee as the investment adviser to the Columbia International Value Master Portfolio. See the Management of the Fund – Primary Services Providers section in the International Value Fund’s prospectus.
Services Provided
Under the Investment Management Services Agreement, the Adviser has contracted to furnish each Fund with investment research and advice. For these services, each Fund pays a monthly fee to the Adviser based on the average of the daily closing value of the total net assets of a Fund for such month. Under the Investment Management Services Agreement, any liability of the Adviser to the Trust, a Fund and/or its shareholders is limited to situations involving the Adviser’s own willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence in the performance of its duties or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
The Investment Management Services Agreement may be terminated with respect to a Fund at any time on 60 days’ written notice by the Adviser or by the Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund. The Investment Management Services Agreement will automatically terminate upon any assignment thereof, will continue in effect for two years from May 1, 2010 and thereafter will continue from year to year with respect to a Fund only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Adviser or the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Adviser pays all compensation of the Trustees and officers of the Trust who are employees of the Adviser, except for the Chief Compliance Officer, a portion of whose salary is paid by the Columbia Funds. Except to the extent expressly assumed by the Adviser and except to the extent required by law to be paid or reimbursed by the Adviser, the Adviser does not have a duty to pay any Fund operating expense incurred in the organization and operation of a Fund, including, but not limited to, auditing, legal, custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses. The Trust pays the cost of printing and mailing Fund prospectuses to shareholders.
The Adviser, at its own expense, provides office space, facilities and supplies, equipment and personnel for the performance of its functions under each Fund’s Investment Management Services Agreement.
Advisory Fee Rates Paid by the Funds
Each Fund pays the Adviser an annual fee for its investment advisory services, as set forth in the Investment Management Services Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Fees and Expenses of the Fund/Portfolio – Annual Fund/Portfolio Operating Expenses in each Fund’s prospectuses. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund and is paid monthly. The Adviser also may pay amounts from its own assets to the Distributor and/or to selling and/or servicing agents for services they provide.
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The Adviser receives a monthly investment advisory fee based on each Fund’s average daily net assets at the following annual rates:
Fund | First $500 million | In excess of $500 million and up to $1 billion | In excess of $1 billion and up to $1.5 billion | In excess of $1.5 billion and up to $3 billion | In excess of $3 billion and up to $6 billion | In excess of $6 billion | ||||||||||||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | 0.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | 0.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
Global Value Fund | 0.90 | % | 0.85 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.73 | % | 0.71 | % | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund* | 0.85 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.68 | % | 0.66 | % | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.45 | % | 0.43 | % | 0.41 | % | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | 0.35 | % | 0.30 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.18 | % | 0.16 | % | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.43 | % | 0.43 | % | 0.43 | % | 0.41 | % | ||||||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | 0.75 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.56 | % | ||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | 0.75 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.56 | % | ||||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | 0.75 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.56 | % | ||||||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | 0.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.53 | % | 0.51 | % | ||||||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | 0.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | 0.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | 0.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | 0.40 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % |
* | Investment advisory fees are paid by Columbia International Value Master Portfolio, the Master Portfolio of the Feeder Fund. |
Fund | All assets | |||
Asset Allocation Fund II | 0.60 | % | ||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | 0.00 | % | ||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | 0.25 | % | ||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | 0.25 | % | ||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | 0.25 | % | ||
Large Cap Index Fund | 0.10 | % | ||
Marsico Global Fund | 0.80 | % | ||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | 0.80 | % | ||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | 0.00 | % | ||
Mid Cap Index Fund | 0.10 | % | ||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | 0.00 | % | ||
Overseas Value Fund | 0.82 | % | ||
Short Term Bond Fund | 0.30 | % | ||
Small Cap Index Fund | 0.10 | % |
Fund | First $500 million | In excess of $500 million and up to $1 billion | In excess of $1 billion and up to $1.5 billion | In excess of $1.5 billion | ||||||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||||
High Income Fund | 0.55 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.49 | % | 0.46 | % | ||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.50 | % |
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Fund | First $500 million | In excess of $500 million | ||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | 0.30 | % | 0.25 | % |
Fund | First $500 million | In excess of $500 million and up to $1 billion | In excess of $1 billion | |||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % |
For LifeGoal® Income Portfolio, the Adviser is entitled to receive an investment advisory fee of 0.50% on LifeGoal® Income Portfolio’s average daily net assets based on assets that are invested in individual securities, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio and Corporate Bond Portfolio. LifeGoal® Income Portfolio is not charged an advisory fee on its assets that are invested in other Columbia Funds (excluding Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio and Corporate Bond Portfolio. Actual management fees will be charged to the LifeGoal® Income Portfolio based on a weighted average of applicable underlying assets of the Portfolio).
Advisory Fees Paid by the Funds
The Previous Adviser received fees from the Funds for its services as reflected in the following charts, which show the advisory fees paid to and, as applicable, waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,864,932 | $ | 3,723,034 | $ | 6,072,972 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Global Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 600,279 | $ | 1,445,555 | $ | 3,094,056 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 187,426 | — | — | ||||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,787,603 | $ | 2,181,829 | $ | 2,717,957 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | $ | 366,741 | ||||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 151,553 | $ | 431,216 | — | |||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,231,458 | $ | 2,246,733 | $ | 2,721,298 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | $ | 1,647,710 | ||||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 1,389,496 | $ | 1,330,267 | — | |||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 11,014,155 | $ | 13,798,451 | $ | 19,857,743 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 66,850 | — | $ | 216,667 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 25,152,257 | $ | 11,168,797 | $ | 42,309,565 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | $ | 415,508 | $ | 114,774 | |||||||
Marsico Global Fund** | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 37,247 | $ | 30,317 | N/A | |||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 178,993 | — | N/A | ||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 10,350,691 | $ | 19,536,182 | $ | 26,230,465 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,614,963 | $ | 1,674,088 | $ | 2,134,906 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | $ | 1,787,724 | ||||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 907,678 | $ | 1,688,944 | — | |||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 20,846,297 | $ | 22,018,205 | $ | 22,654,210 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 9,501,068 | $ | 12,759,354 | $ | 16,139,511 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Overseas Value Fund*** | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 58,138 | $ | 59,187 | N/A | |||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 133,414 | $ | 208,317 | N/A | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | ||||||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,163,978 | $ | 1,162,242 | $ | 1,544,845 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 43,874 | — | — | ||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 8,000,936 | $ | 7,949,823 | $ | 5,519,875 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Recovery of Fees Waived or Expenses Reimbursed by the Previous Adviser | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
** | Marsico Global Fund commenced operations in April 2008 and therefore paid no advisory fees prior to that date. |
*** | Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2008 and therefore paid no advisory fees prior to that date. |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund** | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 13,867,175 | $ | 18,922,007 | $ | 28,581,565 | $ | 32,446,266 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 5,991,679 | $ | 6,940,605 | $ | 22,723 | *** | $ | 8,858,839 | |||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 18,946,739 | $ | 7,416,891 | $ | 78,891 | *** | $ | 27,024,538 | |||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | $ | 224,668 | $ | 29,325 | — | ||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 23,646,080 | $ | 7,022,977 | 1 | $ | 36,479,028 | 2 | $ | 30,737,961 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | $ | 88,981 | — | |||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,294,866 | $ | 2,821,583 | $ | 9,170 | *** | $ | 3,660,996 | |||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Recovery of Fees Waived by the Previous Adviser | — | — | $ | 103,156 | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
** | Because this Feeder Fund’s advisory fees are paid at the Master Portfolio level, amounts shown are for its Master Portfolio, which may include one or more additional feeder funds. |
*** | Until February 28, 2008, the Fund operated as a “Feeder Fund” and invested all or substantially all of its assets in a corresponding Master Portfolio that was a series of Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC. For the period April 1, 2007 to February 28, 2008, Columbia Large Cap Core Master Portfolio paid $8,302,783 in advisory fees, Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Master Portfolio paid $27,944,659 in advisory fees and Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II paid $3,791,375 in advisory fees. |
1 | Until November 10, 2008, Marsico Growth Fund operated as a “Feeder Fund” and invested all or substantially all of its assets in a corresponding Master Portfolio that was a series of Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC. For the period March 1, 2008 to November 10, 2008, Columbia Marsico Growth Master Portfolio paid $25,572,128 in advisory fees, $309,527 of which was waived by the Adviser. |
2 | Amounts shown are for the Fund’s corresponding Master Portfolio, which may include one or more additional feeder funds. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 555,327 | $ | 624,721 | $ | 884,316 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 177,252 | — | — | ||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 877,537 | $ | 895,804 | $ | 628,029 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 249,629 | $ | 299,298 | $ | 245,824 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 531,704 | $ | 508,291 | $ | 483,879 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 221,167 | $ | 212,433 | $ | 246,888 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
High Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,368,680 | $ | 1,251,540 | $ | 351,545 | ** | |||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,343,431 | $ | 1,479,159 | $ | 2,458,096 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 879,067 | $ | 1,008,735 | $ | 1,849,265 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 346,254 | $ | 362,391 | $ | 528,855 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 15,573 | $ | 16,419 | $ | 18,539 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 147,165 | $ | 88,426 | $ | 127,894 | ||||||
Amount Waived | $ | 3,114 | $ | 3,284 | $ | 3,708 | ||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 649,165 | $ | 637,768 | $ | 665,252 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 249,129 | $ | 239,429 | $ | 267,402 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 409,217 | $ | 483,770 | $ | 454,382 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 807,714 | $ | 743,468 | $ | 716,191 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 259,947 | $ | 259,156 | $ | 293,196 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 5,778,812 | $ | 3,615,919 | $ | 2,820,376 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 531,044 | $ | 221,792 | $ | 188,025 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 5,376,376 | $ | 2,263,618 | $ | 1,244,272 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 223,599 | $ | 602,386 | $ | 470,889 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 810,122 | $ | 831,600 | $ | 735,156 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 247,880 | $ | 267,234 | $ | 273,304 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 4,695,452 | $ | 5,302,451 | $ | 6,392,539 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Virginia Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,332,156 | $ | 1,321,628 | $ | 1,314,492 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 298,704 | $ | 367,033 | $ | 386,045 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
** | Until February 28, 2008, the Fund operated as a “Feeder Fund” and invested all or substantially all of its assets in a corresponding Master Portfolio that was a series of Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC. For the period April 1, 2007 to February 27, 2008, Columbia High Income Master Portfolio paid $6,040,994 in advisory fees, none of which was waived or reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
Portfolio Manager(s)
The following provides additional information about the portfolio manager(s) of the Adviser who are responsible for making the day-to-day investment decisions for the Funds. As described in the Management of the Fund – Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectuses, the portfolio manager(s) of the Adviser who are responsible for the Funds are:
Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
Alfred F. Alley III, CFA | Large Cap Index Fund Mid Cap Index Fund Small Cap Index Fund | |
Leonard A. Aplet, CFA | Short Term Bond Fund |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | Asset Allocation Fund II LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income Masters International Equity Portfolio | |
Kent M. Bergene | Asset Allocation Fund II LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income | |
Wayne M. Collette, CFA | Small Cap Growth Fund II | |
Brian M. Condon, CFA | Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | |
Fred Copper, CFA | Masters International Equity Portfolio Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund* Overseas Value Fund | |
James D’Arcy, CFA | California Intermediate Municipal Georgia Intermediate Municipal Maryland Intermediate Municipal North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Short Term Municipal Bond Fund South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Virginia Intermediate Municipal | |
Lori J. Ensinger, CFA | Large Cap Value Fund Mid Cap Value Fund | |
Jarl Ginsberg, CFA | Small Cap Value Fund II | |
David I. Hoffman | Large Cap Value Fund Mid Cap Value Fund | |
Yan Jin | Convertible Securities Fund | |
David Joy | Asset Allocation Fund II LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income | |
David L. King, CFA | Convertible Securities Fund | |
Brian Lavin, CFA | Total Return Bond Fund | |
Craig Leopold, CFA | Large Cap Core Fund | |
Gregory Scott Liechty | Short Term Bond Fund |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
Lawrence W. Lin, CFA | Small Cap Growth Fund II | |
Colin Moore | Asset Allocation Fund II LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income Masters International Equity Portfolio Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund* | |
George J. Myers, CFA | Small Cap Growth Fund II | |
Brian D. Neigut | Small Cap Growth Fund II | |
Carl W. Pappo, CFA | Corporate Bond Portfolio Total Return Bond Fund | |
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | Asset Allocation Fund II LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income Masters International Equity Portfolio | |
Noah J. Petrucci, CFA | Large Cap Value Fund Mid Cap Value Fund | |
Alexander D. Powers | Total Return Bond Fund | |
Lee Reddin | Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | |
Peter Santoro, CFA | Large Cap Core Fund | |
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | Asset Allocation Fund II LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio LifeGoal® Income Masters International Equity Portfolio | |
Diane L. Sobin, CFA | Large Cap Value Fund Mid Cap Value Fund | |
Christian K. Stadlinger, PhD, CFA | Small Cap Value Fund II | |
Ronald B. Stahl, CFA | Short Term Bond Fund | |
Michael W. Zazzarino | Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio Total Return Bond Fund |
* | Responsible for the portion of the Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund that is advised by the Adviser. |
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Portfolio Manager(s) Information
The following table provides information about each Fund’s portfolio manager(s) as of the end of the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, or as indicated, the most recent practicable date including the number and amount of assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the portfolio manager(s) managed.
Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending February 28 | ||||||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | Yan Jin | 3 other accounts | $500,000 | None | None | (1) | ||||||
David L. King, CFA1 | 18 other accounts | $38.5 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | Craig Leopold, CFA | 1 RICs 2 PIVs 500 other accounts | $75 million $275 million $1 billion | None | $10,001- $50,000a $10,001- | (1) | ||||||
Peter Santoro, CFA | 2 RICs 2 PIVs 500 other accounts | $150 million $275 million $1 billion | None | $50,001- $100,000a $10,001- | (1) | |||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | Brian M. Condon, CFA | 2 RICs 8 PIVs 38 other accounts | $324 million $837 million $2.569 billion | 1 other account ($23 million) | None | (1) | ||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | Alfred F. Alley III, CFA | 3 RICs 4 PIV 19 other accounts | $3.382 billion $224.9 million $3.723 billion | None | $1- $10,000a | (1) | ||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | Lori J. Ensinger, CFA | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,637 other accounts | $4.83 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $100,001- $500,000a | (1) | ||||||
David I. Hoffman | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,643 other accounts | $4.83 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $100,001- $500,000b | (1) | |||||||
Noah J. Petrucci, CFA | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,643 other accounts | $4.83 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $50,001 - $100,000a $1- | (1) | |||||||
Diane L. Sobin, CFA | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,648 other accounts | $4.83 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $100,001- $500,000a $10,001- | (1) | |||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | Alfred F. Alley III, CFA | 3 RICs 4 PIV 19 other accounts | $4.104 billion $224.9 million $3.723 billion | None | $10,001- $50,000a | (1) | ||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | Lori J. Ensinger, CFA | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,637 other accounts | $2.73 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $50,001- $100,000a | (1) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
David I. Hoffman | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,643 other accounts | $2.73 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $100,001- $500,000a | (1) | |||||||
Noah J. Petrucci, CFA | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,643 other accounts | $2.73 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $10,001- $50,000a | (1) | |||||||
Diane L. Sobin, CFA | 11 RICs 2 PIV 4,648 other accounts | $2.73 billion $375 million $2.5 billion | None | $100,001- $500,000a $10,001- | (1) | |||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund** | Fred Copper, CFA | 9 RICs 4 PIV 24 other accounts | $1.41 billion $634.7 million $86.9 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Colin Moore | 18 RICs 26 PIVs 21 other accounts | $2.12 billion $2.4 billion $299 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Overseas Value Fund | Fred Copper, CFA | 9 RICs 4 PIV 24 other accounts | $2.0 billion $634.7 million $86.9 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | Wayne M. Collette, CFA1 | 10 RICs 1 PIVs 114 other accounts | $2.546 billion $125.4 million $216.4 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Lawrence W. Lin, CFA | 7 RICs 1 PIVs 108 other accounts | $2.129 billion $125.4 million $138.8 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
George J. Myers, CFA1 | 7 RICs 1 PIVs 103 other accounts | $2.129 billion $125.4 million $138.8 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Brian D. Neigut1 | 7 RICs 1 PIV 105 other accounts | $2.129 billion $125.4 million $138.6 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | Alfred F. Alley III, CFA | 3 RICs 4 PIV 19 other accounts | $4.656 billion $224.9 million $3.723 billion | None | $1- $10,000a | (1) | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | Jarl Ginsberg, CFA | 2 RICs 37 other accounts | $0.2 billion $0.4 billion | None | $100,001- $500,000a | (1) | ||||||
Christian K. Stadlinger, PhD, CFA | 2 RICs 33 other accounts | $0.2 billion $0.4 billion | None | $500,001- $1,000,000a $50,001- | (1) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending March 31 | ||||||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIVs 22 other accounts | $2 billion $2.4 billion $296 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Kent M. Bergene | 6 RICs 8 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.47 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
David Joy | 6 RICs 6 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.12 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
Colin Moore | 18 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $3.521 billion $2.4 billion $299 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $2 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | 16 RICs 26 PIV 16 other accounts | $2 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | James D’Arcy, CFA | 1 RICs 2 PIVs 12 other accounts | $2.556 billion $266.8 million $189.3 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | Carl W. Pappo, CFA | 4 RICs 3 other accounts | $5.626 billion $850,000 | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | James D’Arcy, CFA | 1 RICs 2 PIVs 12 other accounts | $2.556 billion $266.8 million $189.3 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIVs 22 other accounts | $1.519 billion $2.4 billion $296 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Kent M. Bergene | 6 RICs 8 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.47 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
David Joy | 6 RICs 6 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.12 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
Colin Moore | 18 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $3.039 billion $2.4 billion $299 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $1.519 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | 16 RICs 26 PIV 16 other accounts | $1.519 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIVs 22 other accounts | $1.708 billion $2.4 billion $296 million | None | None | (1) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
Kent M. Bergene | 6 RICs 8 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.47 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
David Joy | 6 RICs 6 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.12 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
Colin Moore | 18 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $3.228 billion $2.4 billion $299 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $1.708 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | 16 RICs 26 PIV 16 other accounts | $1.708 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIVs 22 other accounts | $1.955 billion $2.4 billion $296 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Kent M. Bergene | 6 RICs 8 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.47 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
David Joy | 6 RICs 6 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.12 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
Colin Moore | 18 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $3.475 billion $2.4 billion $299 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $1.955 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | 16 RICs 26 PIV 16 other accounts | $1.955 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIVs 22 other accounts | $2.07 billion $2.4 billion $296 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Kent M. Bergene | 6 RICs 8 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.47 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
David Joy | 6 RICs 6 other accounts | $4.067 billion $1.12 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
Colin Moore | 18 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $3.59 billion $2.4 billion $299 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $2.07 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | 16 RICs 26 PIV 16 other accounts | $2.07 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | James D’Arcy, CFA | 1 RICs 2 PIVs 12 other accounts | $2.556 billion $266.8 million $189.3 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIVs 22 other accounts | $1.963 billion $2.4 billion $296 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Fred Copper, CFA | 10 RICs 4 PIVs 24 other accounts | $1.8 billion $634.7 million $92.4 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Colin Moore | 18 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $3.483 billion $2.4 billion $299 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | 16 RICs 26 PIV 21 other accounts | $1.963 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | 16 RICs 26 PIVs 16 other accounts | $1.963 billion $2.4 billion $296 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | Lee Reddin | 2 other accounts | $120,000 | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Michael W. Zazzarino | 5 RICs 9 PIVs 9 other accounts | $4.766 billion $2.64 billion $1.92 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | James D’Arcy, CFA | 1 RICs 2 PIVs 12 other accounts | $2.556 billion $266.8 million $189.3 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | Leonard A. Aplet, CFA | 5 RICs 9 PIVs 80 other accounts | $410 million $3.34 billion $3.65 billion | None | Over $1,000,000a $1- | (1) | ||||||
Gregory Scott Liechty | 19 other accounts | $59 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Ronald B. Stahl | 7 RICs 9 PIVs 62 other accounts | $420 million $3.34 billion $3.64 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | James D’Arcy, CFA | 2 PIVs 12 other accounts | $266.8 million $189.3 million | None | $10,001- $50,000a $1- | (1) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | James D’Arcy, CFA | 1 RICs 2 PIVs 12 other accounts | $2.556 billion $266.8 million $189.3 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | Brian Lavin, CFA2 | 2 RICs 1 PIVs 4 other accounts | $2.92 billion $9.56 million $766.77 million | None | None | (2) | ||||||
Carl W. Pappo, CFA | 4 RICs 3 other accounts | $4.355 billion $850,000 | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Alexander D. Powers | 2 RICs 7 PIVs 17 other accounts | $2.105 billion $2.1 billion $1.1 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Michael W. Zazzarino | 5 RICs 9 PIVs 9 other accounts | $3.516 billion $2.64 billion $1.92 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | James D’Arcy, CFA | 1 RICs 2 PIVs 12 other accounts | $2.556 billion $266.8 million $189.3 million | None | None | (1) |
* | RIC refers to a Registered Investment Company; PIV refers to a Pooled Investment Vehicle. |
** | Reflects information for the portion of the Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund that is advised by the Adviser. |
a | Excludes any notional investments. |
b | Notional investments through a deferred compensation account. |
1 | Account information provided as of March 31, 2010. |
2 | Information provided as of April 30, 2010. |
Structure of Compensation
(1) Compensation of Legacy Columbia Management Advisors, LLC Portfolio Managers
Compensation for portfolio managers who were associates of the Previous Adviser prior to May 1, 2010, is typically paid in the form of salary, bonus, stock options, restricted stock and notional investments through an incentive plan, the value of which is measured by reference to the performance of the Columbia Funds in which the account is invested. The bonus for these portfolio managers is variable and generally is based on (1) an evaluation of the portfolio manager’s investment performance and (2) the results of a peer and/or management review of the portfolio manager, which takes into account skills and attributes such as team participation, investment process, communication and professionalism. In evaluating investment performance, the Adviser generally considers the one, three and five year performance of mutual funds and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager relative to the benchmarks and peer groups noted below, emphasizing the portfolio manager’s three and five year performance. The Adviser also may consider a portfolio manager’s performance in managing client assets in sectors and industries assigned to the portfolio manager as part of his/her investment team responsibilities, when applicable. For portfolio managers who also have group management responsibilities, another factor in their evaluation is an assessment of the group’s overall investment performance. The size of the overall bonus pool each year depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry (based on market compensation data) and the Adviser’s profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.
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(2) Compensation of Legacy RiverSource Investments, LLC Portfolio Managers
Compensation for portfolio managers who were associates of RiverSource Investments, LLC (now known as Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC), is typically comprised of (i) a base salary, and (ii) an annual cash bonus, a portion of which may be subject to a mandatory deferral program, and may include (iii) an equity incentive award in the form of stock options and/or restricted stock. The Adviser’s portfolio managers are provided with a benefits package, including life insurance, health insurance, and participation in a company 401(k) plan, comparable to that received by other Adviser employees. Depending upon their job level, Adviser portfolio managers may also be eligible for other benefits or perquisites that are available to all Adviser employees at the same job level.
For Mr. Bergene and Mr. Joy, the annual cash bonus is based on management’s assessment of the employee’s performance relative to individual and business unit goals and objectives. The assessment may be based, in part, on achieving certain investment performance goals and retaining and attracting assets under management. For Mr. Joy, the assessment may be based, in part, on achieving certain investment performance goals and retaining and attracting assets under management, and for Mr. Bergene, on developing competitive products, managing existing products, and selecting and monitoring subadvisers for funds. In addition, subject to certain vesting requirements, the compensation of Mr. Joy includes an annual award based on the performance of Ameriprise Financial over rolling three-year periods. This program has been discontinued and the final award under this plan covered the three-year period that started in January 2007 and ended in December 2009.
For all other portfolio managers, the annual cash bonus is paid from a team bonus pool that is based on the performance of the accounts managed by the portfolio management team, which might include mutual funds, wrap accounts, institutional portfolios and hedge funds. The bonus pool is determined by the aggregate market competitive bonus targets for the teams of which the portfolio manager is a member and by the short-term (typically one-year) and long-term (typically three-year) performance of those accounts in relation to applicable benchmarks or the relevant peer group universe. Senior management of the Adviser has the discretion to increase or decrease the size of the part of the bonus pool and to determine the exact amount of each portfolio manager’s bonus paid from this portion of the bonus pool based on his/her performance as an employee. Certain investment personnel are also eligible to defer a portion of their compensation. An individual making this type of election can allocate the deferral to the returns associated with one or more products they manage or support or to certain other products managed by their investment team. The size of the overall bonus pool each year depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry (based on market compensation data) and the Adviser’s profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.
Performance Benchmarks
Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Alfred F. Alley III | Large Cap Index Fund | S&P 500® Index | Lipper S&P 500 Index Objective Funds Classification | |||
Mid Cap Index Fund | S&P MidCap 400® Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Small Cap Index Fund | S&P Small Cap 600® Index | Lipper Small-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Leonard A. Aplet | Short Term Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 1-3 Year Government/Credit Index | Lipper Short Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Anwiti Bahuguna, PhD | Asset Allocation Fund II | Russell 1000 Index/Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Moderate Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Conservative Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index; Blended: 80% Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index/20% Barclays Capital Corporate High-Yield Bond Index | Lipper General Bond Funds Classification | ||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper International Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Kent M. Bergene | Asset Allocation Fund II | Russell 1000 Index/Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Moderate Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Conservative Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index; Blended: 80% Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index/20% Barclays Capital Corporate High-Yield Bond Index | Lipper General Bond Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Wayne M. Collette | Small Cap Growth Fund II | Russell 2000 Index Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Brian M. Condon | Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Fred Copper, CFA | Masters International Equity Portfolio | MSCI EAFE Index | Lipper International Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | MSCI EAFE Index | Lipper International Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Overseas Value Fund | MSCI EAFE Value Index | Lipper International Large-Cap Value Funds Classification | ||||
James D’Arcy | California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Barclays Capital California 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index | Lipper California Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification | |||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index | Lipper Other States Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index | Lipper Other States Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index | Lipper Other States Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | BofA Merrill Lynch 1-3 Year U.S. Municipal Index | Lipper Short Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index | Lipper Other States Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index | Lipper Other States Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||||
Lori J. Ensinger | Large Cap Value Fund | Russell 1000 Value Index | Lipper Large-Cap Value Classification | |||
Mid Cap Value Fund | Russell MidCap Value Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Value Classification | ||||
Jarl Ginsberg | Small Cap Value Fund II | Russell 2000 Value Index | Lipper Small-Cap Value Classificationa |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
David I. Hoffman | Large Cap Value Fund | Russell 1000 Value Index | Lipper Large-Cap Value Classification | |||
Mid Cap Value Fund | Russell MidCap Value Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Value Classification | ||||
Yan Jin | Convertible Securities Fund | BofA Merrill Lynch All Convertibles All Qualities | Lipper Convertible Securities Classification | |||
David Joy | Asset Allocation Fund II | Russell 1000 Index/Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Moderate Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Conservative Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index; Blended: 80% Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index/20% Barclays Capital Corporate High-Yield Bond Index | Lipper General Bond Funds Classification | ||||
David L. King | Convertible Securities Fund | BofA Merrill Lynch All Convertibles All Qualities | Lipper Convertible Securities Classification | |||
Brian Lavin | Total Return Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | |||
Craig Leopold | Large Cap Core Fund | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large-Cap Core Classification | |||
Gregory Scott Liechty | Short Term Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 1-3 Year Government/Credit Index | Lipper Short Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | |||
Lawrence W. Lin | Small Cap Growth Fund II | Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Colin Moore | Asset Allocation Fund II | Russell 1000 Index/Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Moderate Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Conservative Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index; Blended: 80% Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index/20% Barclays Capital Corporate High-Yield Bond Index | Lipper General Bond Funds Classification | ||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper International Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper International Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
George J. Myers | Small Cap Growth Fund II | Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Brian D. Neigut | Small Cap Growth Fund II | Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Carl W. Pappo | Corporate Bond Portfolio | Barclays Capital Credit Bond Index | N/A | |||
Total Return Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | ||||
Kent M. Peterson, PhD | Asset Allocation Fund II | Russell 1000 Index/Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Moderate Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Conservative Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index; Blended: 80% Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index/20% Barclays Capital Corporate High-Yield Bond Index | Lipper General Bond Funds Classification | ||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper International Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Noah J. Petrucci | Large Cap Value Fund | Russell 1000 Value Index | Lipper Large-Cap Value Classification | |||
Mid Cap Value Fund | Russell Mid Cap Value Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Value Classification | ||||
Alexander D. Powers | Total Return Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | |||
Lee Reddin | Mortgage and Asset-Backed Portfolio | Barclays Capital U.S. Securitized Index | N/A | |||
Peter Santoro | Large Cap Core Fund | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large-Cap Core Classification | |||
Marie M. Schofield, CFA | Asset Allocation Fund II | Russell 1000 Index/Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Moderate Funds Classification | ||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | S&P 500® Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Conservative Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index; Blended: 80% Barclays Capital Aggregate 1-3 Years Index/20% Barclays Capital Corporate High-Yield Bond Index | Lipper General Bond Funds Classification | ||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper International Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Diane L. Sobin | Large Cap Value Fund | Russell 1000 Value Index | Lipper Large-Cap Value Classification | |||
Mid Cap Value Fund | Russell Mid Cap Value Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Value Classification | ||||
Christian K. Stadlinger | Small Cap Value Fund II | Russell 2000 Value Index | Lipper Small-Cap Value Classification | |||
Ronald B. Stahl | Short Term Bond Fund | Barclays Capital 1-3 Year Government/Credit Index | Lipper Short Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | |||
Michael W. Zazzarino | Mortgage and Asset-Backed Portfolio | Barclays Capital U.S. Securitized Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment
Grade Debt Funds Classification | |||
Total Return Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification |
The Adviser’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest
Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, a Fund’s portfolio manager(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the Fund and other accounts at the same time. The Adviser and the Funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of the potential conflicts that portfolio managers face in this regard. Certain of these conflicts of interest are summarized below.
The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (performance fee accounts), may raise potential conflicts of interest for a portfolio manager by creating an incentive to favor higher fee accounts.
Potential conflicts of interest also may arise when a portfolio manager has personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to the Adviser’s Code of Ethics and certain limited exceptions, the Adviser’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the Funds. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts managed by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.
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A portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the broker/dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the Funds. A portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of broker/dealers could produce disproportionate costs and benefits among the Funds and the other accounts the portfolio manager manages.
A potential conflict of interest may arise when a portfolio manager buys or sells the same securities for a Fund and other accounts. On occasions when a portfolio manager considers the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of a Fund as well as other accounts, the Adviser’s trading desk may, to the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or bought in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to a Fund or another account if a portfolio manager favors one account over another in allocating the securities bought or sold.
“Cross trades,” in which a portfolio manager sells a particular security held by a Fund to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), could involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, a portfolio manager is permitted to sell a security from one account to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. The Adviser and the Funds have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the Fund and another account managed by the Adviser are to be made at a current market price, consistent with applicable laws and regulations.
Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of a Fund and other accounts managed by its portfolio manager(s). Depending on another account’s objectives and other factors, a portfolio manager may give advice to and make decisions for a Fund that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to another account. A portfolio manager’s investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a portfolio manager may buy or sell a particular security for certain accounts, and not for a Fund, even though it could have been bought or sold for the Fund at the same time. A portfolio manager also may buy a particular security for one or more accounts when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when a portfolio manager’s purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts, including the Funds.
A Fund’s portfolio manager(s) also may have other potential conflicts of interest in managing the Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could exist in managing the Fund and other accounts. Many of the potential conflicts of interest to which the Adviser’s portfolio managers are subject are essentially the same or similar to the potential conflicts of interest related to the investment management activities of the Adviser and its affiliates. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about conflicts of interest, including those that relate to the Adviser and its affiliates.
Manager of Managers Exemption
The SEC has issued an order that permits the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board, to appoint an unaffiliated subadviser or to change the terms of a subadvisory agreement for a Fund without first obtaining shareholder approval. The order permits a Fund to add or to change unaffiliated subadvisers or to change the fees paid to subadvisers from time to time without the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the change. The Adviser and its affiliates may have other relationships, including significant financial relationships, with current or potential subadvisers or their affiliates, which may create certain conflicts of interest. When making recommendations to the Board to appoint or to change a subadviser, or to change the terms of a subadvisory agreement, the Adviser discloses to the Board the nature of any material relationships it has with a subadviser or its affiliates.
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For Global Value Fund and Marsico Growth Fund, if the Funds were to seek to rely on the order, holders of a majority of the fund’s outstanding voting securities would need to approve operating the fund in this manner. There is no assurance shareholder approval, if sought, will be received, and no changes will be made without shareholder approval until that time.
The Subadvisers and Investment Subadvisory Services
Brandes
Brandes is the investment subadviser to Global Value Fund and Columbia International Value Master Portfolio. The International Value Fund is a Feeder Fund and does not have its own subadviser(s) because it invests all of its assets in Columbia International Value Master Portfolio. With respect to the International Value Fund, Brandes earns its fee as the investment subadviser to the Columbia International Value Master Portfolio. See the Management of the Fund – Primary Services Providers section in the International Value Fund’s prospectus.
Brandes is 100% beneficially owned by senior professionals of the firm. The principal offices of Brandes are located at 11988 El Camino Real, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92130. As of March 31, 2010, Brandes had approximately $51.6 billion in assets under management.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of its Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, Brandes selects and manages the respective investments of each Fund for which it serves as investment subadviser. Brandes performs its duties subject at all times to the control of the Board and in conformity with the stated policies of each Fund.
Its Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement generally provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of Brandes’ obligations or duties thereunder, or any of its respective officers, directors, employees or agents, Brandes shall not be subject to liability to the Trust or to any shareholder of the Trust for any act or omission in the course of rendering services thereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.
The Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement became effective with respect to a Fund after approval by the Board, and after an initial two year period, continues from year to year, provided that such continuation of the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Trust’s Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to a Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) or by the Adviser on 60 days’ written notice.
The Adviser, from the investment advisory fees it receives, pays Brandes for the services it provides to a Fund based on the percentage of the average daily net assets of that Fund, as set forth in the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement. The Adviser also may pay amounts from its own assets to the Distributor or to selling or servicing agents for services they provide.
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Subadvisory Rates Paid to Brandes
The Adviser pays Brandes, as full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed, a subadvisory fee for Global Value Fund and Columbia International Value Master Portfolio, computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rates listed below as a percentage of the average daily net assets:
Fund/Master Portfolio | Rate of Compensation | |
Global Value Fund | • 0.50% on aggregate assets of Global Value Fund on the first $1 billion • 0.45% on aggregate assets of Global Value Fund above $1 billion | |
Columbia International Value Master Portfolio | • 0.50% of average daily net assets of International Value Master Portfolio |
Subadvisory Fees Paid to Brandes
Brandes received subadvisory fees from the Previous Adviser for its services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the subadvisory fees paid to Brandes, the advisory fees waived and expense reimbursements where applicable, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008 | |||||||||
Global Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 324,922 | $ | 799,901 | $ | 1,715,858 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund* | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 8,841,168 | $ | 12,462,818 | $ | 19,593,220 | $ | 22,308,152 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | Because this Feeder Fund’s advisory fees are paid at the Master Portfolio level, amounts shown are for its Master Portfolio. |
Brandes Portfolio Manager(s)
The following provides additional information about the Brandes portfolio manager(s) responsible for making the day-to-day investment decisions for the Funds identified below. As described in the Management of the Fund – Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectuses, the Brandes portfolio manager(s) responsible for the Fund(s) are:
Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
Jim Brown, CFA | Global Value Fund International Value Fund | |
Glenn R. Carlson, CFA | Global Value Fund International Value Fund | |
Brent Fredberg | Global Value Fund International Value Fund |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
Jeffrey Germain, CFA | Global Value Fund International Value Fund | |
Amelia M. Morris, CFA | Global Value Fund International Value Fund | |
Brent V. Woods, CFA | Global Value Fund International Value Fund |
Brandes Portfolio Manager(s) Information
The following table provides information about the number and assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the Brandes portfolio manager(s) managed, as of the end of each Fund’s most recent fiscal year, or as indicated, the most recent practicable date.
Other Accounts Managed by the Brandes Portfolio Managers (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | |||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending February 28 | ||||||||||
Global Value Fund | Jim Brown, CFA1 | 6 RICs 28 PIVs 4,135 other | $3.968 billion $6.927 billion $37.564 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | |||||
Glenn R. Carlson, CFA1 | 8 RICs 51 PIVs 4,813 other | $4.014 billion $7.983 billion $39.577 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Brent Fredberg1 | 6 RICs 28 PIVs 4,135 other | $3.968 billion $6.927 billion $37.564 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Jeffrey Germain, CFA1 | 6 RICs 28 PIVs 4,135 other | $3.968 billion $6.927 billion $37.564 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Amelia M. Morris, CFA1 | 8 RICs 51 PIVs 4,813 other | $4.014 billion $7.983 billion $39.577 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Brent V. Woods, CFA1 | 8 RICs 51 PIVs 4,813 other | $4.014 billion $7.983 billion $39.577 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
International Value Fund | Jim Brown, CFA1 | 6 RICs 28 PIVs 4,135 other | $3.968 billion $6.927 billion $37.564 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None |
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Other Accounts Managed by the Brandes Portfolio Managers (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | |||||
Glenn R. Carlson, CFA1 | 8 RICs 51 PIVs 4,813 other | $4.014 billion $7.983 billion $39.577 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Brent Fredberg1 | 6 RICs 28 PIVs 4,135 other | $3.968 billion $6.927 billion $37.564 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Jeffrey Germain, CFA1 | 6 RICs 28 PIVs 4,135 other | $3.968 billion $6.927 billion $37.564 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Amelia M. Morris, CFA1 | 8 RICs 51 PIVs 4,813 other | $4.014 billion $7.983 billion $39.577 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None | ||||||
Brent V. Woods, CFA1 | 8 RICs 51 PIVs 4,813 other | $4.014 billion $7.983 billion $39.577 billion | 13 other accounts ($4.177 billion) | None |
* | RIC refers to a Registered Investment Company; PIV refers to a Pooled Investment Vehicle. |
1 | Account information provided as of March 31, 2010. |
Brandes Portfolio Manager(s) Compensation
Brandes’ compensation structure for portfolio managers/analysts is four-fold: competitive base salaries, participation in an annual bonus plan, participation in profit sharing plan and eligibility for participation in the firm’s equity through partnership or phantom equity. Compensation is fixed. Participation in the annual bonus plan is linked to a number of qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria. The criteria include research productivity, performance of portfolio management professionals, and the attainment of client service goals. Compensation is not based on the performance of the Fund or other accounts.
Brandes Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest
For a small number of accounts, Brandes may be compensated based on the profitability of the account, such as by a performance-based management fee. These incentive compensation structures may create a conflict of interest for Brandes with regard to other accounts where the Adviser is paid based on a percentage of assets in that the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate securities preferentially to the accounts where Brandes might share in investment gains. In order to address these potential conflicts, Brandes’ investment decision-making and trade allocation policies and procedures are designed to ensure that none of Brandes’ clients are disadvantaged in Brandes’ management of accounts. Additionally, Brandes’ internal controls are tested on a routine schedule as part of the firm’s Compliance Monitoring Program.
It is possible that at times identical securities will be held by more than one fund and/or account. If the Large Cap Investment Committee identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than
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one Fund or other account, a Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible Funds and other accounts. To deal with these situations, Brandes has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts. For client accounts, including the Fund, that are able to participate in aggregated transactions, Brandes utilizes a rotational trading system to execute client transactions in order to provide, over the long-run, fair treatment for each client account.
Members of the Large Cap Investment Committee may invest in a fund or other account that they are involved in the management of and a conflict may arise where they may therefore have an incentive to treat the fund that they invest in preferentially as compared to other accounts. In order to address this potential conflict, Brandes’ investment decision-making and trade allocation policies and procedures are designed to ensure that none of Brandes’ clients are disadvantaged in Brandes’ management of accounts.
Causeway
Causeway served as co-investment subadviser to approximately half of the assets of Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund until July 8, 2009. At that time, the Previous Adviser assumed primary investment management responsibility for that portion of Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund previously sub-advised by Causeway.
Subadvisory Rates Paid to Causeway
Until July 8, 2009, at which time the Adviser assumed primary investment management responsibility for that portion of Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund previously sub-advised by Causeway, the Previous Adviser paid Causeway, as full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed, a subadvisory fee for Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund, computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rate listed below as a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Fund:
Fund | Rate of Compensation | |
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | • 0.43% of aggregate average daily net assets of Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund |
Subadvisory Fees Paid to Causeway
Causeway received subadvisory fees from the Previous Adviser for its services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the subadvisory fees paid to Causeway, the advisory fees waived and expense reimbursements where applicable, for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2008 | |||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,379,059 | $ | 4,183,414 | $ | 5,502,776 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
MacKay Shields
MacKay Shields is the investment subadviser to High Income Fund. MacKay Shields’ principal office is located at 9 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10019.
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Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of its Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, MacKay Shields selects and manages the respective investments of High Income Fund for which it serves as investment subadviser. MacKay Shields performs its duties subject at all times to the control of the Board and in conformity with the stated policies of the Fund. Its Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement generally provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of MacKay Shields’ obligations or duties thereunder, or any of its respective officers, directors, employees or agents, MacKay Shields shall not be subject to liability to the Trust or to any shareholder of the Trust for any act or omission in the course of rendering services thereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.
The Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement became effective with respect to a Fund after approval by the Board, and after an initial two year period, continues from year to year, provided that such continuation of the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Trust’s Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to a Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) or by the Adviser on 60 days’ written notice.
The Adviser, from the investment advisory fees it receives, pays MacKay Shields for the services it provides to a Fund based on the percentage of the average daily net assets of that Fund, as set forth in the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement. The Adviser also may pay amounts from its own assets to the Distributor or to selling or servicing agents for services they provide.
Subadvisory Rates Paid to MacKay Shields
The Adviser pays MacKay Shields full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed, a subadvisory fee for Columbia High Income Fund, computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rates listed below as a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Fund:
Fund | Rate of Compensation | |
High Income Fund | • 0.40% of the average daily net assets of High Income Fund up to and including $100 million • 0.375% of average daily net assets of High Income Fund in excess of $100 million and up to and including $200 million • 0.35% of average daily net assets of High Income Fund in excess of $200 million |
Subadvisory Fees Paid to MacKay Shields
MacKay Shields received subadvisory fees from the Previous Adviser for its services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the subadvisory fees paid to MacKay Shields, the advisory fees waived and expense reimbursements where applicable, for the three most recently completed fiscal periods.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
High Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,737,848 | $ | 2,508,574 | $ | 3,219,688 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | Until February 28, 2008, the Fund operated as a “Feeder Fund” and invested all or substantially all of its assets in a corresponding Master Portfolio that was a series of Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC. For |
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the period April 1, 2007 to February 28, 2008, Columbia High Income Master Portfolio paid $2,985,314 in advisory fees, and from February 28, 2008 through March 31, 2008, the Fund paid $234,374 in subadvisory fees. |
MacKay Shields Portfolio Manager(s)
The following provides additional information about the MacKay Shields portfolio manager responsible for making the day-to-day investment decisions for the Fund identified below. As described in the Management of the Fund – Primary Service Providers section of the Fund’s prospectus, the MacKay Shields portfolio manager responsible for the Fund is:
Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
J. Matthew Philo, CFA | High Income Fund |
MacKay Shields Portfolio Manager(s) Information
The following table provides information about the number and assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the MacKay Shields portfolio manager(s) managed, as of the end of the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, or as indicated, the most recent practicable date.
Other Accounts Managed by the MacKay Shields | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | |||||||
For the Fund with fiscal year ending March 31 | ||||||||||||
High Income Fund | J. Matthew Philo, CFA | 4 RICs 2 PIVs 46 other accounts | $7.907 billion $450 million $10.6 billion | 2 PIVs ($12.7 million) | None |
* | RIC refers to a Registered Investment Company; PIV refers to a Pooled Investment Vehicle. |
MacKay Shields Portfolio Manager(s) Compensation
MacKay Shields establishes salaries at competitive levels, verified through industry surveys, to attract and maintain the best professional talent. In addition, an incentive bonus equal to a significant percentage of the firm’s pre-tax profits is paid annually to the firm’s employees based upon an individual’s performance and the profitability of the firm. The bonus generally represents a sizable amount relative to the base salary, and when considered with the base salary, results in a highly attractive level of total cash compensation for the firm’s professional employees. Every MacKay Shields employee participates in the bonus pool. This approach instills a strong sense of commitment on the part of each employee towards the overall success of the firm. There is no difference between the method used in determining portfolio manager’s compensation with respect to the High Income Fund and other accounts.
MacKay Shields has performance-based fee arrangements with “eligible clients”, as that term is defined under Rule 205-3 of the 1940 Act, who have requested such arrangements. Performance-based fees may be calculated as a percentage of returns, or as a percentage of the increase in net asset value, and may be tied to a client-directed benchmark or loss carry forward. A portion of these performance-based fees forms a part of the bonus pool for all MacKay Shields employees. Of course, there are periods in which MacKay Shields does not earn any performance fee. Such arrangements may appear to create an incentive to make riskier, more speculative investments than would be the case under a solely asset-based fee arrangement.
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MacKay Shields offers a Phantom Stock Plan, which enhances the firm’s ability to attract, retain, motivate, and reward key executives. Awards can be made annually and vesting takes place over a period of several subsequent years. Participation in the current plan by senior professionals is contingent upon the execution of an Executive Employment Agreement.
MacKay Shields Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest
MacKay Shields’ High Yield group provides portfolio services for other MacKay Shields accounts, which include: mutual funds; institutional managed accounts; collective trusts and private commingled funds. As previously reported, MacKay Shields’ High Yield group has a domestic hedge fund and an offshore hedge fund, both of which are closed to new investors and whose assets were substantially liquidated during 2009. Except for distinctions based on investment objectives, investment guidelines and cash flow, all accounts are treated the same, regardless of fee structure.
MacKay Shields has performance-based fee arrangements with “eligible clients” (as that term is defined under Rule 205-3 of the 1940 Act) who have requested such arrangements. Performance-based fees may be calculated as a percentage of returns, or as a percentage of the increase in net asset value, and may be tied to a client-directed benchmark or loss carry forward. A portion of these performance-based fees forms a part of the bonus pool for all MacKay Shields employees. Of course, there are periods in which MacKay Shields does not earn any performance fee. Such arrangements may appear to create an incentive to make riskier, more speculative investments than would be the case under a solely asset-based fee arrangement. As previously reported, the two hedge funds with performance fees managed by the same product area that manages the High Income Fund are in the process of being liquidated.
To address potential conflicts of interest, MacKay Shields has adopted various policies and procedures to provide for equitable treatment of trading activity and to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated in a fair and appropriate manner. In addition, MacKay Shields has adopted a Code of Ethics and other policies and procedures that recognize a manager’s obligation to treat all of its clients, including the High Income Fund, fairly and equitably. These policies, procedures, and the Code of Ethics are designed to restrict a portfolio manager from favoring one client over another.
It is the policy of MacKay Shields not to favor any one client over another. Consistent with this policy,
MacKay Shields has the following procedures, among others: (1) trade allocation procedures that provide for the
pro rata allocation of investment opportunities among clients in a particular strategy, with certain exceptions; (2) a general prohibition against same day opposite direction transactions; and (3) short sale trade procedures requiring pre-approval of short sales and restricting certain short sales.
The Trade Allocation Policy provides that: (i) no client will be favored over any other client; (ii) trades should be pre-allocated, subject to certain exceptions, and allocations should be in writing; and (iii) MacKay Shields’ Legal/Compliance Department conducts periodic reviews of client account performance as a function of allocation to assure that no account or group of accounts is being preferred systematically in the allocation process. The Trade Allocation Policy contains a procedure for limited offerings, which provides that in a limited offering, the allocations may be pro-rata based on size of the order or account size and within a Strategy pro-rata based on account size. Under this policy, when determining which accounts will participate in a trade, the portfolio managers will consider various objective criteria which may include but are not limited to: client cash limitations, actual and anticipated account inflows and outflows, duration and/or average maturity, account size, deal size, trade lots, existing exposure to an issuer or industry type and specific investment objectives and other practical limitations. In general, if the aggregated order is filled in its entirety, it will be allocated among clients in accordance with the target allocation; if the order is partially filled, it will be allocated pro rata based on the allocation methodology recorded in the trade order management system.
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The Cross Trading Policy provides that all cross trades must be pre-cleared by the MacKay Shields Legal/ Compliance Department and require, among other things, that the transaction (a) be a purchase or sale for no consideration other than cash payments against prompt delivery of the security, (b) is effected at the independent market price of the security determined in accordance with applicable methodology; and (c) be effected with no brokerage transaction.
The Valuation Procedures provide, among other requirements, that any fair valuation of a security recommended by a portfolio manager be approved by portfolio managers from two other distinct portfolio management areas. In addition, on a monthly basis a Fair Valuation Committee meeting convenes to review all securities that are being fair valued.
The Proxy-Voting Policies and Procedures are designed to ensure that where clients have delegated proxy voting authority to MacKay Shields, all proxies are voted in the best interest of such clients without regard to the interests of MacKay Shields or related parties. When a client retains MacKay Shields, the firm generally determines through its investment management agreement whether it is authorized to vote proxies on behalf of that client. Currently, MacKay Shields uses Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), a business unit of RiskMetrics Group, as its third-party proxy voting service provider. If the client appoints MacKay Shields as its proxy-voting agent, the client will also be asked to specify whether its proxies should be voted in accordance with Custom Guidelines provided by the client or in accordance with MacKay Shields’ Standard Guidelines for non-union clients or union clients, as the case may be. These Standard Guidelines follow ISS proxy voting recommendations. MacKay Shields informs the client’s custodian to send all proxies to ISS, and informs ISS that the client has appointed MacKay Shields as its agent and instructs ISS as to which guidelines to follow.
Marsico
Marsico is located at 1200 17th Street, Suite 1600, Denver, CO 80202. Marsico was organized in September 1997 as a registered investment adviser, became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Bank of America in January 2001 and was an affiliate of the Previous Adviser until December 2007. Marsico is an independently owned investment management firm. Marsico provides investment management services to other mutual funds and private accounts and, as of March 31, 2010, Marsico had approximately $55 billion in assets under management.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of its Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, Marsico selects and manages the respective investments of the Funds for which it serves as investment subadviser. Marsico performs its duties subject at all times to the control of the Board and in conformity with the stated policies of each Fund.
Its Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement generally provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of Marsico’s obligations or duties thereunder, or any of its respective officers, directors, employees or agents, Marsico shall not be subject to liability to the Trust or to any shareholder of the Trust for any act or omission in the course of rendering services thereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.
The Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement became effective with respect to a Fund after approval by the Board, and after an initial two year period, continues from year to year, provided that such continuation of the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Trust’s Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to a Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) or by the Adviser on 60 days’ written notice.
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The Adviser, from the investment advisory fees it receives, pays Marsico for the services it provides to a Fund based on the percentage of the average daily net assets of that Fund, as set forth in the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement. The Adviser also may pay amounts from its own assets to the Distributor or to selling or servicing agents for services they provide.
Subadvisory Rates Paid to Marsico
Effective May 1, 2010, the Adviser pays Marsico, and for the period May 1, 2010 through January 1, 2008, the Previous Adviser paid Marsico, as full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed pursuant to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, a subadvisory fee for Marsico 21st Century Fund, Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund and Marsico Growth Fund, computed daily and payable monthly, at the annual rates listed below as a percentage of the aggregate average daily net assets of Columbia U.S. equity funds or portions thereof subadvised by Marsico (“U.S. Funds”)*:
Fund | Rate of Compensation | |
U.S. Funds | • 0.45% on aggregate assets of the U.S. Funds up to $18 billion • 0.40% on aggregate assets of the U.S. Funds between $18 billion and $21 billion • 0.35% on aggregate assets of the U.S. Funds above $21 billion |
* | For purposes of this fee calculation, the assets subadvised by Marsico in the following Columbia Funds will be aggregated: (i) Marsico 21st Century Fund; (ii) Marsico Focused Equities Fund; (iii) Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund, Variable Series; (iv) Columbia Marsico Growth Fund, Variable Series; (v) Columbia Marsico Focused Equities, Variable Series; (vi) Marsico Growth Fund; and (vii) any future Columbia U.S. equity fund subadvised by Marsico, as the Adviser and Marsico mutually agree in writing. |
Effective May 1, 2010, the Adviser pays Marsico, as full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed pursuant to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, a subadvisory fee for Marsico Global Fund, Marsico International Opportunities Fund and Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund, computed daily and payable monthly, at the annual rates listed below as a percentage of the aggregate average daily net assets of Columbia international equity funds or portions thereof subadvised by Marsico (“International Funds”)*:
Fund | Rate of Compensation | |
International Funds | • 0.45% on aggregate assets of the International Funds up to $6 billion • 0.40% on aggregate assets of the International Funds between $6 billion and $10 billion • 0.35% on aggregate assets of the International Funds above $10 billion |
* | For purposes of this fee calculation, the assets subadvised by Marsico in the following Columbia Funds will be aggregated: (i) Marsico Global Fund; (ii) Marsico International Opportunities Fund; (iii) Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund; (iv) Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund, Variable Series; and (v) any future Columbia international equity fund subadvised by Marsico, as the Adviser and Marsico mutually agree in writing. |
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The Adviser pays Marsico, as full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed pursuant to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, a subadvisory fee for Marsico Global Fund, computed daily and payable monthly, at the annual rates listed below as a percentage of the aggregate average daily net assets of the Marsico Global Fund:
Fund | Rate of Compensation | |
Marsico Global Fund | • 0.45% on aggregate assets of the Marsico Global Fund up to $1.5 billion • 0.40% on aggregate assets of the Marsico Global Fund between $1.5 billion and $3 billion • 0.35% on aggregate assets of the Marsico Global Fund above $3 billion |
For the period May 1, 2010 through January 1, 2008, the Previous Adviser paid Marsico, as full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed pursuant to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement, a subadvisory fee for Marsico Global Fund and Marsico International Opportunities Fund, computed daily and payable monthly, at the annual rates of 0.80% of the aggregate average daily net assets of U.S. Funds.
Immediately prior to January 1, 2008, the Previous Adviser paid Marsico, as full compensation for services provided and expenses assumed, a subadvisory fee for Marsico 21st Century Fund, Marsico Focused Equities Fund, Marsico Growth Fund, Marsico International Opportunities Fund and Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund, computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rate of 0.45% of the average net assets of the respective Fund.
Subadvisory Fees Paid to Marsico
Marsico received subadvisory fees from the Previous Adviser for Marsico’s services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the advisory fees paid to Marsico, the advisory fees waived and expense reimbursements where applicable, for the three most recently completed fiscal periods.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 17,890,538 | $ | 30,553,834 | $ | 8,068,502 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 13,085,046 | $ | 17,405,934 | $ | 4,579,577 | ** | |||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Marsico Global Fund*** | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 20,688 | $ | 17,043 | N/A | |||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 16,721,820 | $ | 23,371,676 | ** | $ | 6,299,921 | |||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 5,728,038 | $ | 10,955,978 | $ | 2,927,361 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 3,532,116 | $ | 4,836,093 | $ | 1,316,794 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | Marsico was an affiliated investment subadviser of the Previous Adviser until December 14, 2007. Therefore, the subadvisory fees paid are for the period December 14, 2007 through February 29, 2008. |
** | Includes amount paid for services provided to former Master Portfolio. |
*** | Marsico Global Fund commenced operations in April 2008 and therefore paid no subadvisory fees prior to that date. |
Marsico Portfolio Manager(s)
The following provides additional information about the Marsico portfolio manager(s) responsible for making the day-to-day investment decisions for the Funds identified below. As described in the Management of the Fund – Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectuses, the Marsico portfolio manager(s) responsible for the Fund(s) are:
Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
James G. Gendelman | Marsico Global Fund | |
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||
Corydon J. Gilchrist, CFA | Marsico 21st Century Fund | |
Marsico Global Fund | ||
Thomas F. Marsico | Marsico Focused Equities Fund | |
Marsico Global Fund | ||
Marsico Growth Fund | ||
A. Douglas Rao | Marsico Focused Equities Fund | |
Marsico Growth Fund |
Marsico Portfolio Manager(s) Information
The following table provides information about the number and assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the Marsico portfolio manager(s) managed, as of the end of each Fund’s most recent fiscal year, or as indicated, the most recent practicable date.
Other Accounts Managed by the Marsico Portfolio Managers (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | |||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending February 28 |
| |||||||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | Corydon J. Gilchrist, CFAa | 5 RICs 9 PIVs 10 other accounts | $4.927 billion $1.577 billion $1.6 billion | None | None |
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Other Accounts Managed by the Marsico Portfolio Managers (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type of Account* | Approximate Total Net Assets | Performance Based Accounts | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | |||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | Thomas F. Marsicob | 30 RICs 15 PIVs 136 | $16.402 billion $2.286 billion $13.613 billion | None | None | |||||||||
A. Douglas Raoc | 10 RICs 2 other | $10.335 billion $4.757 billion | None | None | ||||||||||
Marsico Global Fund | James G. Gendelman | 20 RICs 8 PIVs 22 other | $8.801 billion $1.238 billion $2.201 billion | None | None | |||||||||
Corydon J. Gilchrist, CFAa | 5 RICs 9 PIVs 10 other | $4.927 billion $1.577 billion $1.6 billion | None | None | ||||||||||
Thomas F. Marsicob | 30 RICs 15 PIVs 136 | $19.352 billion $2.286 billion $13.613 billion | None | None | ||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | Thomas F. Marsicob | 30 RICs 15 PIVs 136 | $15.647 billion $2.286 billion $13.613 billion | None | None | |||||||||
A. Douglas Raoc | 10 RICs 2 other | $9.580 billion $4.757 billion | None | None | ||||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | James G. Gendelman | 20 RICs 8 PIVs 22 other | $7.607 billion $1.238 billion $2.201 billion | None | None | |||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | James G. Gendelman | 20 RICs 8 PIVs 22 other | $8.062 billion $1.238 billion $2.201 billion | None | None |
* | RIC refers to a Registered Investment Company; PIV refers to a Pooled Investment Vehicle. |
a | One of the “Other Accounts” is a wrap fee platform, which includes 2,357 of underlying clients with total assets of approximately $458 million and one of the “Other Accounts” represents a model portfolio with total assets of approximately $117 million. |
b | One of the “Other Accounts” is a wrap fee platform, which includes 9,270 underlying clients with total assets of approximately $2,945 and two of the “Other Accounts” represent model portfolio with total assets of approximately $1.813 billion. |
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c | The “Other Accounts” are a wrap fee platform, which includes approximately 9,270 underlying clients with total assets of approximately $2.945 billion, and a model portfolio with total assets of approximately $1.812 billion. |
Marsico Portfolio Manager(s) Compensation
The compensation package for portfolio managers of Marsico is structured as a combination of base salary (may be reevaluated at least annually), and periodic cash bonuses. Bonuses are typically based on a number of factors including Marsico’s overall profitability for the period. Portfolio manager compensation takes into account, among other factors, the overall performance of all accounts for which the portfolio manager provides investment advisory services. In receiving compensation such as bonuses, portfolio managers do not receive special consideration based on the performance of particular accounts, and do not receive compensation from accounts charging performance-based fees. Exceptional individual efforts are rewarded through salary readjustments and greater participation in the bonus pool. No other special employee incentive arrangements are currently in place or being planned. In addition to salary and bonus, portfolio managers may participate in other Marsico benefits to the same extent and on the same basis as other Marsico employees. Portfolio manager compensation comes solely from Marsico. In addition, Marsico’s portfolio managers typically are offered equity interests in Marsico Management Equity, LLC, which indirectly owns Marsico, and may receive distributions on those equity interests.
As a general matter, Marsico does not tie portfolio manager compensation to specific levels of performance relative to fixed benchmarks. Although performance may be a relevant consideration, comparisons with fixed benchmarks may not always be useful. Relevant benchmarks vary depending on specific investment styles and client guidelines or restrictions, and comparisons to benchmark performance may at times reveal more about market sentiment than about a portfolio manager’s abilities. To encourage a long-term horizon for managing portfolios, Marsico evaluates a portfolio manager’s performance over periods longer than the immediate compensation period, and may consider a variety of measures such as the performance of unaffiliated portfolios with similar strategies and other measurements. Other factors that may also be significant in determining portfolio manager compensation include, without limitation, the effectiveness of the manager’s leadership within Marsico’s investment team, contributions to Marsico’s overall performance, discrete securities analysis, idea generation, ability to support and train other analysts, and other considerations.
Marsico Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest
As a general matter, Marsico faces the same need to balance the interests of different clients that any investment adviser with multiple clients might experience. Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objectives, policies, practices and other relevant investment considerations that the managers believe are applicable to that portfolio. Consequently, portfolio managers may or may not purchase (or sell) securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio, or may take similar actions for different portfolios at different times. As a result, the mix of securities purchased in one portfolio may perform better than the mix of securities purchased for another portfolio. Similarly, the sale of securities from one portfolio may cause that portfolio to perform better than others if the value of those securities subsequently decline. The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Although Marsico does not track the time a portfolio manager spends on a single portfolio, it does assess whether a portfolio manager has adequate time and resources to effectively manage all of the accounts for which he is responsible. Marsico seeks to manage competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers.
The need to balance the interests of multiple clients may also arise when allocating and/or aggregating trades. Marsico often aggregates into a single trade order several individual contemporaneous client trade orders in a single security. Under Marsico’s Portfolio Management and Trade Management Policy and Procedures, when trades are aggregated on behalf of more than one account, Marsico seeks to allocate such trades to
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participating client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. With respect to IPOs and other syndicated or limited offerings, it is Marsico’s policy to seek to ensure that over the long term, accounts with the same or similar investment objectives or strategies will receive an equitable opportunity to participate meaningfully and will not be unfairly disadvantaged. To deal with these situations, Marsico has adopted policies and procedures for allocating transactions across multiple accounts. Marsico’s policies also seek to ensure that portfolio managers do not systematically allocate other types of trades in a manner that would be more beneficial to one account than another. Marsico’s compliance department monitors transactions made on behalf of multiple clients to seek to ensure adherence to its policies.
Marsico has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that seek to minimize potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of a portfolio manager advising multiple accounts. In addition, Marsico monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with primary Fund guidelines, the allocation of securities, and compliance with its Code of Ethics.
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (which is also the Adviser) serves as Administrator of the Funds.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, the Administrator has agreed to provide all of the services and facilities necessary for, or appropriate to, the business and effective operation of each Fund that are not (a) provided by employees or other agents engaged by each Fund or (b) required to be provided by any person pursuant to any other agreement or arrangement with each Fund.
Administration Fee Rates Paid by the Funds
The Administrator receives fees as compensation for its services, which are computed daily and paid monthly, as set forth in the Administrative Services Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Primary Service Providers – The Administrator in each Fund’s prospectuses.
The Previous Administrator received fees from the Funds for its services as reflected in the following charts, which show administration fees paid to and, as applicable waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 645,345 | $ | 867,215 | $ | 1,501,974 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Global Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 65,422 | $ | 211,052 | $ | 483,369 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 760,800 | $ | 970,695 | $ | 1,247,255 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 2,231,508 | $ | 2,238,144 | $ | 2,721,298 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 3,641,178 | $ | 4,741,946 | $ | 7,040,233 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | $ | 200,002 | $ | 200,001 | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 8,603,983 | $ | 15,005,283 | $ | 15,184,769 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Marsico Global Fund*** | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 2,706,440 | $ | 5,232,450 | $ | 7,047,989 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 1,474,963 | $ | 1,534,088 | $ | 1,983,318 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 6,437,740 | $ | 6,836,190 | $ | 7,040,843 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 2,340,535 | $ | 3,345,352 | $ | 4,370,355 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Overseas Value Fund*** | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 1,163,978 | $ | 1,162,133 | $ | 1,544,239 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 1,916,545 | $ | 1,901,446 | $ | 1,229,303 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
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** | Marsico Global Fund commenced operations in April 2008 and therefore paid no administration fees prior to that date. |
*** | Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2008 and therefore paid no administration fees prior to that date. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund** | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 2,523,528 | $ | 3,627,490 | $ | 5,790,419 | $ | 6,574,153 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 1,646,222 | $ | 1,967,356 | $ | 1,820,111 | *** | $ | 1,907,360 | *** | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 6,259,486 | $ | 8,469,821 | $ | 5,370,916 | *** | $ | 5,095,728 | *** | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 8,032,650 | $ | 7,436,572 | $ | 7,074,752 | *** | $ | 5,791,064 | *** | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 296,532 | $ | 372,770 | $ | 331,182 | *** | $ | 416,914 | *** | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
** | The Administration fees are paid at both the Master Portfolio- and Feeder Fund –levels; amounts shown above include only the portion paid at the Feeder Fund-level. |
*** | Prior to the Fund’s conversion from a feeder fund in a master/feeder structure to a stand-alone fund, the Administration fees were paid at both the Master Portfolio- and Feeder-Fund levels; amounts shown include only the portion paid at the Feeder-Fund level. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 56,172 | $ | 68,070 | $ | 103,492 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 258,160 | $ | 264,344 | $ | 163,661 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 141,447 | $ | 133,545 | $ | 115,028 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
High Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 1,610,648 | $ | 1,462,420 | $ | 1,581,588 | ** | |||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 39,883 | $ | 38,550 | $ | 39,819 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 27,743 | $ | 26,949 | $ | 30,446 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 181,093 | $ | 177,259 | $ | 176,246 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 234,514 | $ | 212,808 | $ | 193,432 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 2,556,779 | $ | 1,550,851 | $ | 1,165,896 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 97,492 | $ | 241,564 | — | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 2,935,466 | $ | 1,071,138 | $ | 511,659 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 235,422 | $ | 242,696 | $ | 199,829 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 1,803,180 | $ | 2,099,443 | $ | 2,638,964 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Virginia Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 411,604 | $ | 408,177 | $ | 395,351 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
** | Prior to the Fund’s conversion from a feeder fund in a master/feeder structure to a stand-alone fund, the Administration fees were paid at both the Master Portfolio- and Feeder-Fund levels; amounts shown include only the portion paid at the Feeder Fund-level. |
Pricing and Bookkeeping Services
State Street is responsible for providing certain pricing and bookkeeping services to the Funds. The Administrator is responsible for overseeing the performance of these services and for certain other services.
Services Provided
Effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into a Financial Reporting Services Agreement with State Street and the Previous Adviser (the Financial Reporting Services Agreement) pursuant to which State Street provides financial reporting services to the Funds. Also effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into an Accounting Services Agreement with State Street and the Previous Adviser (collectively with the Financial Reporting Services Agreement, the State Street Agreements) pursuant to which State Street provides accounting services to the Funds. Effective May 1, 2010, the State Street Agreements were amended to, among other things, assign and delegate the Previous Adviser’s rights and obligations under the State Street Agreements to the Administrator. Under the State Street Agreements, each Fund (except the Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio, LifeGoal® Portfolios and Masters International Equity Portfolio) pays State Street an annual fee of $38,000 paid monthly plus an additional monthly fee based on an annualized percentage rate of average daily net assets of the Fund for the month. The aggregate fee for a Fund during any year shall not exceed $140,000 annually (exclusive of out-of-pocket expenses and charges). Each Fund (except the Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio and LifeGoal® Portfolios), also reimburses State Street for certain out-of-pocket expenses and charges.
Under the State Street Agreements, LifeGoal® Income Portfolio and Masters International Equity Portfolio pay State Street an annual fee of $26,000 paid monthly. LifeGoal® Income Portfolio also reimburses State Street for certain out-of-pocket expenses and charges. Except for LifeGoal® Income Portfolio, the LifeGoal® Portfolios do not pay any separate fees for services rendered under the State Street Agreements, and, except for LifeGoal® Income Portfolio, the fees for pricing and bookkeeping services incurred by the LifeGoal® Portfolios are paid as part of the management fee.
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Pursuant to an assumption agreement with the Adviser, Corporate Bond Portfolio and Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio do not pay separate fees for services rendered under the State Street Agreements and do not pay fees for pricing and bookkeeping services.
From December 15, 2006 through May 1, 2010, the Trust was party to a Pricing and Bookkeeping Oversight and Services Agreement (the Services Agreement) with the Previous Adviser. Under the Services Agreement, the Previous Adviser provided services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and provided oversight of the accounting and financial reporting services provided by State Street. Under the Services Agreement, each Fund reimbursed the Previous Adviser for out-of-pocket expenses and charges, including fees payable to third parties, such as for pricing the Funds’ portfolio securities, incurred by the Previous Adviser in the performance of services under the Services Agreement. Prior to January 1, 2008, the Funds also reimbursed the Previous Adviser for accounting oversight services and services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Effective May 1, 2010, the services previously provided by the Previous Adviser under the Services Agreement began to be provided by the Administrator under the Administrative Services Agreement, and the Services Agreement was terminated.
Pricing and Bookkeeping Fees Paid by the Funds
The Previous Adviser and State Street received fees from the Funds for their services as reflected in the following charts, which show the net pricing and bookkeeping fees paid to State Street and to the Previous Adviser for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 117,450 | $ | 136,127 | $ | 155,666 | ||||||
Global Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 59,373 | $ | 72,500 | $ | 101,627 | ||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 117,947 | $ | 129,888 | $ | 142,326 | ||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 141,357 | $ | 141,105 | $ | 141,180 | ||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 147,990 | $ | 144,160 | $ | 151,351 | ||||||
Marsico Global Fund** | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 22,418 | $ | 16,411 | N/A | |||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 151,423 | $ | 150,412 | $ | 151,942 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 145,331 | $ | 145,519 | $ | 145,051 | ||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 141,991 | $ | 141,486 | $ | 141,577 | ||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 155,605 | $ | 153,963 | $ | 155,814 | ||||||
Overseas Value Fund*** | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 15,682 | $ | 14,124 | N/A | |||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 11,588 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 141,971 | $ | 141,609 | $ | 139,589 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
** | Marsico Global Fund commenced operations in April 2008 and therefore paid no pricing and bookkeeping fees prior to that date. |
*** | Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2008 and therefore paid no pricing and bookkeeping fees prior to that date. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund** | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 2,603 | — | |||||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 38,000 | $ | 38,000 | $ | 34,835 | $ | 38,000 | ||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 2,603 | — | |||||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 144,815 | $ | 144,115 | $ | 34,834 | $ | 38,000 | ||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 2,603 | — | |||||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 143,765 | $ | 143,367 | $ | 34,834 | $ | 38,000 | ||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund*** | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 2,603 | — | |||||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 143,813 | $ | 60,038 | $ | 38,309 | $ | 38,000 | ||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 2,603 | — | |||||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 89,209 | $ | 100,308 | $ | 34,834 | $ | 38,000 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
** | The Pricing and Bookkeeping Fees are paid at both the Master Portfolio- and Feeder Fund-levels; amounts shown above include only the portion paid at the Feeder Fund-level. |
*** | Marsico Growth Fund converted from a feeder fund in a master/feeder structure to a stand-alone fund on November 10, 2008. All amounts shown prior to that date are only the portion that was paid at the Feeder Fund-level. |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | �� | — | $ | 10,280 | |||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 69,984 | $ | 73,930 | $ | 78,683 | ||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 89,890 | $ | 93,328 | $ | 72,662 | ||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 68,821 | $ | 66,874 | $ | 64,146 | ||||||
High Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 2,603 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 169,120 | $ | 159,698 | $ | 46,793 | ||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 8,032 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 26,283 | $ | 26,128 | $ | 26,000 | ||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 74,271 | $ | 73,866 | $ | 73,668 | ||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 8,032 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 26,284 | $ | 26,151 | $ | 23,027 | ||||||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 84,310 | $ | 77,582 | $ | 76,676 | ||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 170,978 | $ | 171,635 | $ | 159,889 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 184,672 | $ | 159,109 | $ | 108,490 | ||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 81,480 | $ | 81,703 | $ | 74,147 | ||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 187,866 | $ | 191,276 | $ | 198,744 | ||||||
Virginia Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,280 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 107,431 | $ | 105,618 | $ | 103,264 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
The Principal Underwriter/Distributor
Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (the Distributor) serves as the principal underwriter and distributor for the continuous offering of shares of the Funds pursuant to a Distribution Agreement. The Distribution Agreement obligates the Distributor to use appropriate efforts to find purchasers for the shares of the Funds. The Distributor’s address is: One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111.
Distribution Obligations
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent, sells shares of the Funds on a continuous basis and transmits purchase and redemption orders that it receives to the Trust or the Transfer Agent, or their designated agents. Additionally, the Distributor has agreed to use appropriate efforts to solicit orders for the sale of shares and to undertake advertising and promotion as it believes appropriate in connection with such solicitation. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, at its own expense, finances those activities which are primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the Funds, including, but not limited to, advertising, compensation of underwriters, dealers and sales personnel, the printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than existing shareholders, and the printing and mailing of sales literature. The Distributor, however, may be compensated or reimbursed for all or a portion of such expenses to the extent permitted by a Distribution Plan adopted by the Trust pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Distribution and Servicing Plans for more information about the share classes for which the Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan.
See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about conflicts of interest, including those that relate to the Adviser and its affiliates.
The Distribution Agreement became effective with respect to each Fund after approval by its Board, and, after an initial two-year period, continues from year to year, provided that such continuation of the Distribution Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Distribution Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to each Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice.
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Underwriting Commissions Paid by the Funds
The Previous Distributor received commissions and other compensation for its services as reflected in the following charts, which show amounts paid to the Previous Distributor, as well as amounts the Previous Distributor retained, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 44,314 | $ | 45,753 | $ | 112,195 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 6,663 | $ | 7,725 | $ | 19,691 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 15,863 | $ | 64,574 | $ | 117,174 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 141 | $ | 2,957 | $ | 4,789 | ||||||
Global Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 5 | $ | 534 | $ | 516 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | $ | 77 | $ | 74 | |||||||
Class B shares | $ | 2,301 | $ | 15,805 | $ | 22,822 | ||||||
Class C shares | — | $ | 58 | $ | 368 | |||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Class R shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 15 | $ | 446 | — | |||||||
Class B shares | $ | 4,216 | $ | 14,227 | — | |||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 153,445 | $ | 178,936 | $ | 353,351 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 25,081 | $ | 29,956 | $ | 60,814 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 57,696 | $ | 221,885 | $ | 492,464 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 1,728 | $ | 2,847 | $ | 6,649 | ||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 813,469 | $ | 4,159,043 | $ | 12,947,491 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 120,518 | $ | 683,537 | $ | 2,024,258 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 402,871 | $ | 516,184 | $ | 289,032 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 144,216 | $ | 531,406 | $ | 345,480 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Marsico Global Fund** | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 12,606 | $ | 6,062 | N/A | |||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 1,779 | $ | 696 | N/A | |||||||
Class C shares | $ | 743 | $ | 606 | N/A | |||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 69,193 | $ | 302,677 | $ | 895,581 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 10,762 | $ | 54,459 | $ | 172,178 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 38,709 | $ | 72,437 | $ | 46,425 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 4,361 | $ | 20,577 | $ | 18,926 | ||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 267,654 | $ | 770,465 | $ | 2,497,114 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 45,628 | $ | 127,913 | $ | 404,357 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 88,854 | $ | 191,561 | $ | 281,240 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 20,739 | $ | 82,583 | $ | 69,456 | ||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 13,134 | $ | 29,574 | $ | 56,978 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 2,007 | $ | 4,955 | $ | 10,323 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 1,146 | $ | 2,895 | $ | 4,383 | ||||||
Class C shares | — | $ | 155 | $ | 794 | |||||||
Overseas Value Fund*** | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Retained | — | — | N/A | |||||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008* | |||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 8,583 | $ | 69,290 | $ | 369,025 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 1,118 | $ | 13,657 | $ | 59,495 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 8,191 | $ | 13,646 | $ | 7,183 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 1,745 | $ | 18,619 | $ | 11,554 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
** | Marsico Global Fund commenced operations in April 2008 and therefore paid no underwriting commissions prior to that date. |
*** | Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2008 and therefore paid no underwriting commissions prior to that date. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 242,634 | $ | 684 | $ | 3,365 | $ | 4,037 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 34,160 | $ | 123 | $ | 514 | $ | 2,873 | ||||||||
Class B shares | $ | 507 | $ | 6,436 | $ | 21,443 | $ | 68,082 | ||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 827 | $ | 241 | $ | 246 | $ | 2,382 | ||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 42,420 | $ | 51,581 | $ | 55,167 | $ | 63,329 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 6,503 | $ | 8,300 | $ | 7,051 | $ | 9,738 | ||||||||
Class B shares | $ | 3,239 | $ | 4,423 | $ | 7,596 | $ | 12,538 | ||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 203 | $ | 128 | $ | 1,173 | $ | 3 | ||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 264,977 | $ | 416,549 | $ | 789,688 | $ | 1,182,320 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 44,751 | $ | 70,078 | $ | 120,841 | $ | 181,454 | ||||||||
Class B shares | $ | 118,597 | $ | 207,952 | $ | 205,714 | $ | 390,545 | ||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 24,741 | $ | 58,825 | $ | 57,001 | $ | 76,216 | ||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 341,752 | $ | 577,560 | $ | 1,548,919 | $ | 1,901,364 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 66,515 | $ | 93,405 | $ | 219,479 | $ | 293,009 | ||||||||
Class B shares | $ | 119,246 | $ | 215,743 | $ | 130,863 | $ | 223,664 | ||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 43,937 | $ | 157,908 | $ | 105,184 | $ | 145,140 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009* | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 21,406 | $ | 38,170 | $ | 64,488 | $ | 66,395 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 12,949 | $ | 3,046 | $ | 6,108 | $ | 10,204 | ||||||||
Class B shares | $ | 1,948 | $ | 6,115 | $ | 11,977 | $ | 21,722 | ||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 551 | $ | 795 | $ | 1,423 | $ | 513 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 18,211 | $ | 23,096 | $ | 40,023 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 2,904 | $ | 3,460 | $ | 6,401 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 502 | $ | 6,156 | $ | 4,775 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 12 | $ | 350 | $ | 115 | ||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
High Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 159,763 | $ | 109,439 | $ | 193,929 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 19,213 | $ | 18,628 | $ | 23,028 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 28,742 | $ | 70,082 | $ | 154,792 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 5,225 | $ | 4,660 | $ | 4,914 | ||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 707,466 | $ | 824,098 | $ | 1,678,950 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 112,738 | $ | 132,234 | $ | 288,116 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 220,799 | $ | 479,481 | $ | 556,817 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 6,080 | $ | 56,297 | $ | 30,593 | ||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 357,761 | $ | 619,512 | $ | 1,467,904 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 54,808 | $ | 99,409 | $ | 252,171 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 109,835 | $ | 230,340 | $ | 294,499 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 6,240 | $ | 14,107 | $ | 28,334 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 161,707 | $ | 248,920 | $ | 376,066 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 27,891 | $ | 45,674 | $ | 63,391 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 43,762 | $ | 137,664 | $ | 125,774 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 2,141 | $ | 9,112 | $ | 7,352 | ||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 12,780 | $ | 20,370 | $ | 28,029 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 1,355 | $ | 1,738 | $ | 2,616 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 6,709 | $ | 5,919 | $ | 11,651 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 145 | $ | 1,609 | $ | 26 | ||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 22,038 | $ | 125,854 | $ | 385,492 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 17,969 | $ | 21,250 | $ | 66,088 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 14,287 | $ | 19,308 | $ | 17,122 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 588 | $ | 6,443 | $ | 7,687 | ||||||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 243,246 | $ | 70,381 | $ | 10,094 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 99,958 | $ | 19,312 | $ | 2,260 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 4,116 | $ | 2,819 | $ | 4,984 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 33,731 | $ | 14,417 | $ | 1,919 | ||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 338,947 | $ | 163,550 | $ | 145 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 262,334 | $ | 56,320 | $ | 32 | ||||||
Class B shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 30,159 | $ | 4,996 | $ | 203 | ||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 16,557 | $ | 14,461 | $ | 7,265 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 1,585 | $ | 1,258 | $ | 795 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 2,468 | $ | 8,232 | $ | 7,327 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 420 | $ | 278 | $ | 600 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
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Fund | Fiscal Period Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Period Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Period Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 13,765 | $ | 13,086 | $ | 1,585 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 4,013 | $ | 21,316 | $ | 162 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 991 | $ | 1,377 | $ | 540 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 828 | $ | 406 | — | |||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 32,915 | $ | 4,631 | $ | 7,927 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 3,025 | $ | 454 | $ | 839 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 582 | — | $ | 2,301 | |||||||
Class C shares | $ | 462 | — | — | ||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 71,197 | $ | 31,838 | $ | 11,083 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 6,775 | $ | 3,179 | $ | 1,176 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 485 | $ | 283 | $ | 654 | ||||||
Class C shares | — | — | — | |||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 31,713 | $ | 21,324 | $ | 6,097 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 13,321 | $ | 2,537 | $ | 669 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 713 | $ | 229 | $ | 2,893 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 409 | — | $ | 263 | |||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 53,622 | $ | 18,959 | $ | 4,052 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 24,755 | $ | 7,258 | $ | 345 | ||||||
Class B shares | — | — | $ | 1,134 | ||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 322 | $ | 141 | $ | 1,210 | ||||||
Virginia Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 28,594 | $ | 22,633 | $ | 21,118 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 3,230 | $ | 2,300 | $ | 2,173 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 698 | $ | 97 | $ | 1.746 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 970 | $ | 947 | $ | 21 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
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Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest |
As described above in the Investment Advisory and Other Services section of this SAI, and in the Management of the Fund – Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectuses, the Adviser, Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent, all affiliates of Ameriprise Financial, receive compensation from the Funds for the various services they provide to the Funds. Additional information as to the specific terms regarding such compensation is set forth in these affiliated service providers’ contracts with the Funds, each of which typically is included as an exhibit to Part C of each Fund’s registration statement.
In many instances, the compensation paid to the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates for the services they provide to the Funds is based, in some manner, on the size of the Funds’ assets under management. As the size of the Funds’ assets under management grows, so does the amount of compensation paid to the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates for providing services to the Funds. This relationship between Fund assets and affiliated service provider compensation may create economic and other conflicts of interests of which Fund investors should be aware. These potential conflicts of interest, as well as additional ones, are discussed in detail below and also are addressed in other disclosure materials, including the Funds’ prospectuses. These conflicts of interest also are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials of Ameriprise Financial affiliates that make available or offer the Columbia Funds as investments in connection with their respective products and services. In addition, Part 1A of the Adviser’s Form ADV, which it must file with the SEC as an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, provides information about the Adviser’s business, assets under management, affiliates and potential conflicts of interest. Part 1A of the Adviser’s Form ADV is available online through the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Additional actual or potential conflicts of interest and certain investment activity limitations that could affect the Funds may arise from the financial services activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including, for example, the investment advisory/management services provided for clients and customers other than the Funds. In this regard, Ameriprise Financial is a major financial services company. Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates are engaged in a wide range of financial activities beyond the mutual fund-related activities of the Adviser, including, among others, broker/dealer (sales and trading), asset management, insurance and other financial activities. The broad range of financial services activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may involve multiple advisory, transactional, lending, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments, and in companies, that may be bought, sold or held by the Funds. The following describes certain actual and potential conflicts of interest that may be presented.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to the Investment Advisory/Management Activities of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates in Connection With Other Advised/Managed Funds and Accounts
The Adviser and other affiliates of Ameriprise Financial may advise or manage funds and accounts other than the Funds. In this regard, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may provide investment advisory/management and other services to other advised/managed funds and accounts that are similar to those provided to the Funds. The Adviser and Ameriprise Financial’s other investment adviser affiliates (including, for example, Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC) will give advice to and make decisions for all advised/managed funds and accounts, including the Funds, as they believe to be in that fund’s and/or account’s best interests, consistent with their fiduciary duties. The Funds and the other advised/managed funds and accounts of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates are separately and potentially divergently managed, and there is no assurance that any investment advice Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates give to other advised/managed funds and accounts will also be given simultaneously or otherwise to the Funds.
A variety of other actual and potential conflicts of interest may arise from the advisory relationships of the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates with other clients and customers. Advice given to the Funds and/or investment decisions made for the Funds by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may differ from, or may conflict with, advice given to and/or investment decisions made for other advised/managed
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funds and accounts. As a result, the performance of the Funds may differ from the performance of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates. Similarly, a position taken by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the Adviser, on behalf of other funds or accounts may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of the Funds. Moreover, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the Adviser, may take a position on behalf of other advised/managed funds and accounts, or for their own proprietary accounts, that is adverse to companies or other issuers in which the Funds are invested. For example, the Funds may hold equity securities of a company while another advised/managed fund or account may hold debt securities of the same company. If the portfolio company were to experience financial difficulties, it might be in the best interest of the Funds for the company to reorganize while the interests of the other advised/managed fund or account might be better served by the liquidation of the company. This type of conflict of interest could arise as the result of circumstances that cannot be generally foreseen within the broad range of investment advisory/management activities in which Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates engage.
Investment transactions made on behalf of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates also may have a negative effect on the value, price or investment strategies of the Funds. For example, this could occur if another advised/managed fund or account implements an investment decision ahead of, or at the same time as, the Funds and causes the Funds to experience less favorable trading results than they otherwise would have experienced based on market liquidity factors. In addition, the other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, including the other Columbia Funds, may have the same or very similar investment objective and strategies as the Funds. In this situation, the allocation of, and competition for, investment opportunities among the Funds and other funds and/or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may create conflicts of interest especially where, for example, limited investment availability is involved. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures addressing the allocation of investment opportunities among the Funds and other funds and accounts advised by the Adviser and other affiliates of Ameriprise Financial. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – The Adviser and Investment Advisory Services – Portfolio Manager(s) – The Adviser’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
Sharing of Information among Advised/Managed Accounts
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates also may possess information that could be material to the management of a Fund and may not be able to, or may determine not to, share that information with the Fund, even though the information might be beneficial to the Fund. This information may include actual knowledge regarding the particular investments and transactions of other advised/managed funds and accounts, as well as proprietary investment, trading and other market research, analytical and technical models, and new investment techniques, strategies and opportunities. Depending on the context, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates generally will have no obligation to share any such information with the Funds. In general, employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the portfolio managers of the Adviser, will make investment decisions without regard to information otherwise known by other employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and generally will have no obligation to access any such information and may, in some instances, not be able to access such information because of legal and regulatory constraints or the internal policies and procedures of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. For example, if the Adviser or another Ameriprise Financial affiliate, or their respective employees, come into possession of non-public information regarding another advised/managed fund or account, they may be prohibited by legal and regulatory constraints, or internal policies and procedures, from using that information in connection with transactions made on behalf of the Funds. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – The Adviser and Investment Advisory Services – Portfolio Manager(s) – The Adviser’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
Soft Dollar Benefits
Certain products and services, commonly referred to as “soft dollar services” (including, to the extent permitted by law, research reports, economic and financial data, financial publications, proxy analysis, computer
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databases and other research-oriented materials), that the Adviser may receive in connection with brokerage services provided to a Fund may have the inadvertent effect of disproportionately benefiting other advised/managed funds or accounts. This could happen because of the relative amount of brokerage services provided to a Fund as compared to other advised/managed funds or accounts, as well as the relative compensation paid by a Fund.
Services Provided to Other Advised/Managed Accounts
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates also may act as an investment adviser, investment manager, administrator, transfer agent, custodian, trustee, broker/dealer, agent, or in another capacity, for advised/managed funds and accounts other than the Funds, and may receive compensation for acting in such capacity. This compensation that the Adviser, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates receive could be greater than the compensation Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates receive for acting in the same or similar capacity for the Funds. In addition, the Adviser, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may receive other benefits, including enhancement of new or existing business relationships. This compensation and/or the benefits that Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may receive from other advised/managed funds and accounts and other relationships could potentially create incentives to favor other advised/managed funds and accounts over the Funds. Trades made by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates for the Funds may be, but are not required to be, aggregated with trades made for other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates. If trades are aggregated among the Funds and those other funds and accounts, the various prices of the securities being traded may be averaged, which could have the potential effect of disadvantaging the Funds as compared to the other funds and accounts with which trades were aggregated.
Proxy Voting
Although the Adviser endeavors to make all proxy voting decisions with respect to the interests of the Funds for which it is responsible in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures, the Adviser’s proxy voting decisions with respect to a Fund’s portfolio securities may nonetheless benefit other advised/managed funds and accounts, and/or clients, of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures that are designed to provide that all proxy voting is done in the best interests of its clients, including the Funds, without any resulting benefit or detriment to the Adviser and/or its affiliates, including Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. For more information about the Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.
Certain Trading Activities
The directors/trustees, officers and employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and in doing so may take a position that is adverse to the Funds. In order to reduce the possibility that such personal investment activities of the directors/trustees, officers and employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates will materially adversely affect the Funds, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have adopted policies and procedures, and the Funds, the Board, the Adviser and the Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics that addresses such personal investment activities. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – Codes of Ethics.
Affiliate Transactions
Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, a Fund may enter into transactions in which Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates, or companies that are deemed to be affiliates of a Fund because of, among other factors, their or their affiliates’ ownership or control of shares of the Fund, may have an interest that potentially conflicts with the interests of the Fund. For example, an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial may sell securities to a Fund from an offering in which it is an underwriter or that it owns as a dealer, subject to applicable
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legal and regulatory requirements. Applicable legal and regulatory requirements also may prevent a Fund from engaging in transactions with an affiliate of the Fund, which may include Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, or from participating in an investment opportunity in which an affiliate of a Fund participates.
Certain Investment Limitations
Regulatory and other restrictions may limit a Fund’s investment activities in various ways. For example, regulations regarding certain industries and markets, such as emerging or international markets, and certain transactions, such as those involving certain futures and derivatives as well as restrictions applicable to certain issuers (e.g., poison pills), may impose limits on the aggregate amount of investments that may be made by affiliated investors, including accounts owned or managed by the same or affiliated managers, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. In these circumstances, the Adviser may be prevented from acquiring securities for a Fund that it might otherwise prefer to acquire if the acquisition would cause the Fund and its affiliated investors to exceed an applicable limit. These types of regulatory and other applicable limits are complex and vary significantly in different contexts including, among others, from country to country, industry to industry and issuer to issuer. The Adviser has procedures in place designed to monitor potential conflicts arising from regulatory and other limits. Nonetheless, given the complexity of these limits, the Adviser and its affiliates may inadvertently breach these limits, and a Fund may therefore be required to sell securities that it might otherwise prefer to hold in order to comply with such limits. At certain times, a Fund may be restricted in its investment activities because of relationships that an affiliate of the Fund, which may include Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, may have with the issuers of securities. This could happen, for example, if a Fund desired to buy a security issued by a company for which Ameriprise Financial or an affiliate serves as underwriter. The internal policies and procedures of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates covering these types of restrictions and addressing similar issues also may at times restrict a Fund’s investment activities. See also About the Funds’ Investments – Certain Investment Activity Limits.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates’ Non-Advisory Relationships with Clients and Customers other than the Funds
The financial relationships that Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may have with companies and other entities in which a Fund may invest can give rise to actual and potential conflicts of interest. Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest (a) in the securities of Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates and/or in companies in which Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have an equity, debt or other interest, and/or (b) in the securities of companies held by other Columbia Funds. The purchase, holding and sale of such securities by a Fund may enhance the profitability and the business interests of Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates and/or other Columbia Funds. There also may be limitations as to the sharing with the Adviser of information derived from the non-investment advisory/management activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates because of legal and regulatory constraints and internal policies and procedures (such as information barriers and ethical walls). Because of these limitations, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates generally will not share information derived from its non-investment advisory/management activities with the Adviser.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Ameriprise Financial Affiliates’ Marketing and Use of the Columbia Funds as Investment Options
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates also provide a variety of products and services that, in some manner, may utilize the Columbia Funds as investment options. For example, the Columbia Funds may be offered as investments in connection with brokerage and other securities products offered by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and may be utilized as investments in connection with fiduciary, investment management and other accounts offered by affiliates of Ameriprise Financial, as well as for other Columbia Funds structured as “funds of funds.” The use of the Columbia Funds in connection with other products and services offered by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may introduce economic and other conflicts of interest. These conflicts of interest are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials for the other products and services offered by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates.
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Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the Adviser, may make payments to their affiliates in connection with the promotion and sale of the Funds’ shares, in addition to the sales-related and other compensation that these parties may receive from the Funds. As a general matter, personnel of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, do not receive compensation in connection with their sales or use of the Funds that is greater than that paid in connection with their sales of other comparable products and services. Nonetheless, because the compensation that the Adviser and other affiliates of Ameriprise Financial may receive for providing services to the Funds is generally based on the Funds’ assets under management and those assets will grow as shares of the Funds are sold, potential conflicts of interest may exist. See Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices – Additional Financial Intermediary Payments for more information.
The Transfer Agent
Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly, RiverSource Service Corporation) is the transfer agent for the Funds. The Transfer Agent is located at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111. Under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent provides transfer agency, dividend disbursing agency and shareholder servicing agency services to the Funds. Effective September 7, 2010, the Funds, except for Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio, LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, and LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, pay the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $12.08 per account, payable monthly for all share classes, except for Class I shares, and, prior to September 7, 2010, paid the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) an annual transfer agency fee of $22.36 per account, payable monthly.
In addition, effective September 7, 2010, the Funds, except for Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio, LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, and LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds in an annual amount equal to 0.20% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in such omnibus accounts (other than omnibus accounts for which American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc. is the broker of record or accounts where the beneficial owner is a customer of Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., for which the Transfer Agent is reimbursed $16.00 annually, calculated monthly based on the total number of positions in such accounts at the end of such month) for all share classes, except for Class I, Class R4, and Class Y shares. For Class R4 shares, the Funds, except for Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio, LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, and LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds subject to an annual limitation of 0.05% of the net assets attributable to such shares. Prior to September 7, 2010, the Funds, except for Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio, LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, and LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, reimbursed the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent paid to financial intermediaries that maintained omnibus accounts with the Funds, subject to a cap of up to $22.36 per account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent on a per account basis and a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by such an account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets.
The Funds, except for Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio, LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, and LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, also pay certain reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses of the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent also may retain as additional compensation for its services revenues for fees for wire, telephone and redemption orders, IRA trustee agent fees and account transcripts due the Transfer Agent from Fund shareholders and credits (net of bank charges) earned with respect to balances in accounts the Transfer Agent maintains in connection with its services to the Funds.
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For the period January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2009, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual transfer agency fee of $17.34 per account, payable monthly. In addition, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid for the fees and expenses the Previous Transfer Agent paid to third party dealer firms that maintained omnibus accounts with certain of the Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account. For the period April 1, 2006 through December 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual fee of $17.00 per account, payable monthly. For the period November 1, 2005 through March 31, 2006, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual fee of $15.23 per account, payable monthly. For the period September 1, 2005 through December 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was entitled to reimbursement by certain Funds for the fees and expenses that the Previous Transfer Agent paid to dealer firms or transfer agents that maintained omnibus accounts with such Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.11% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account.
The Funds that offer Class R4 shares have a Plan Administration Services Agreement with the Transfer Agent. Under the agreement, the Funds pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and Health Savings Accounts (HSAs). The fee for services is equal on an annual basis to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of each Fund attributable to Class R4 shares.
Transfer agency costs for each Fund are calculated separately for each of (i) Class Y shares, (ii) Class R4 shares and (iii) all other share classes (except Class I shares, which pay no transfer agency fees). The fees paid to the Transfer Agent may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.
The Transfer Agent retains BFDS/DST, 2 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, MA 02171 as the Funds’ sub-transfer agent. BFDS/DST assists the Transfer Agent in carrying out its duties.
The Custodian
State Street, which is located at State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111, is the Funds’ Custodian. State Street is responsible for safeguarding the Funds’ cash and securities, receiving and delivering securities and collecting the Funds’ interest and dividends.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which is located at 125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The Funds issue unaudited financial statements semi-annually and audited financial statements annually. The financial statements for the fiscal years ended on or after March 31, 2010 contained in a Fund’s Annual Report were audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The Board has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Funds’ books and review their tax returns for the fiscal years ended on or after March 31, 2011.
The Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements are included in the annual reports to shareholders of the Funds, and are incorporated herein by reference. No other parts of the annual reports or semi-annual reports to shareholders are incorporated by reference herein. The financial statements incorporated by reference into the Funds’ prospectuses and this SAI have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, given on its authority as an expert in auditing and accounting.
Counsel
Goodwin Procter LLP serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Its address is 901 New York Avenue N.W., Washington, DC, 20001.
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Distribution and Servicing Plans
The Trust has adopted distribution and/or shareholder servicing plans for the Class B shares, Class C shares, Class R shares, Class R4 shares and Class W shares of the Funds and a combined shareholder servicing and distribution plan for Class A shares. See Capital Stock and Other Securities for information about which Funds offer which classes of shares. The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in any such shares. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds for details.
The table below shows the annual distribution and/or services fees (payable monthly and calculated based on an annual percentage of average daily net assets) and the combined amount of such fees applicable to each share class:
Distribution Fee | Service Fee | Combined Total | ||||||||||
Class A | none | none | 0.25 | %* | ||||||||
Class B | 0.75 | % | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Class C | 0.75 | % | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | %a | ||||||
Class I | none | none | none | |||||||||
Class R | 0.50 | % | — | b | 0.50 | % | ||||||
Class R4 | none | 0.25 | %c | 0.25 | %c | |||||||
Class W | 0.25 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.25 | % | ||||||
Class Y | none | none | none | |||||||||
Class Z | none | none | none |
* | The Funds pay a combined distribution and service fee pursuant to their combined shareholder servicing and distribution plan for Class A shares. |
a | The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the distribution fee for Class C shares of Short Term Bond Fund so that the distribution fee does not exceed 0.31% annually and the combined distribution and service fee does not exceed 0.56% annually. This arrangement may be modified or terminated by the Distributor at any time. |
b | Class R shares pay a distribution fee pursuant to a Fund’s distribution (Rule 12b-1) plan for Class R shares. The Funds do not have a shareholder service plan for Class R shares. |
c | The shareholder service fees for Class R4 shares are not paid pursuant to a 12b-1 plan. Under a Plan Administration Services Agreement, the Funds’ Class R4 shares pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up. and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and health savings accounts. |
The shareholder servicing plans permit the Funds to compensate or reimburse servicing agents for the shareholder services they have provided. The distribution plans, adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, permit the Funds to compensate or reimburse the Distributor and/or selling agents for activities or expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of the classes’ shares. Payments are made at an annual rate and paid monthly, as a percentage of average daily net assets, set from time to time by the Board, and are charged as expenses of each Fund directly to the applicable share class. A substantial portion of the expenses incurred pursuant to these plans may be paid to affiliates of the Distributor and Ameriprise Financial.
Under the shareholder servicing plan, the Board must review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts paid under the servicing agreements and the purposes for which those expenditures were made. The initial term of the shareholder servicing plan is one year and it will continue in effect from year to year after its initial one-year term provided that its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the shareholder servicing plan or in any agreement related to it. Any material amendment to the
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shareholder servicing plan must be approved in the same manner. The shareholder servicing plan is terminable at any time with respect to the Funds by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees.
The Trustees believe the distribution plans could be a significant factor in the growth and retention of a Fund’s assets resulting in more advantageous expense ratios and increased investment flexibility which could benefit each class of Fund shareholders. The distribution plans will continue in effect from year to year so long as continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees. The distribution plans may not be amended to increase the fee materially without approval by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares, and all material amendments of the distribution plans must be approved by the Trustees in the manner provided in the foregoing sentence. The distribution plans may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares.
Distribution and Service Fees Paid by the Funds
The Previous Distributor received distribution and service fees from the Funds for its services as reflected in the following charts, which show distribution and service fees paid to and waived by the Previous Distributor for the most recently completed fiscal year, except as otherwise indicated. The Trust is not aware as to what amount, if any, of the distribution and service fees paid to the Distributor and Previous Distributor were, on a Fund-by-Fund basis, used for advertising, printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders, compensation to broker-dealers, compensation to sales personnel, or interest, carrying or other financing charges. Class Y shares and Class Z shares do not pay distribution and service fees.
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010*
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | ||||||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 452,015 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 217,252 | $ | 151,485 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 72,417 | $ | 50,495 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Global Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 43,756 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 60,336 | $ | 175,288 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 20,112 | $ | 58,429 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 839,422 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 117,908 | $ | 471,362 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 39,414 | $ | 157,299 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 308,472 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 25,822 | $ | 16,769 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 8,610 | $ | 5,586 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 29,925 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | N/A | $ | 365 | |||||||||||
Service Fee | — | N/A | N/A | — | ||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | N/A | — | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 450,571 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 28,498 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 9,500 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 2,116,593 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 931,465 | $ | 278,193 | $ | 1,043 | |||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 310,488 | $ | 92,731 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 5,312,864 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 865,694 | $ | 5,219,447 | $ | 229,926 | |||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 288,564 | $ | 1,739,815 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 3,765,167 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 520,025 | $ | 2,265,084 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 173,342 | $ | 755,028 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Marsico Global Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 4,057 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | $ | 8,834 | $ | 4,318 | ||||||||||
Service Fee | — | N/A | $ | 2,945 | — | |||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | — | — | ||||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 4,043,631 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 377,764 | $ | 3,184,187 | $ | 65,356 | |||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 125,921 | $ | 1,061,396 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | ||||||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 554,223 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 141,837 | $ | 353,171 | $ | 15,664 | |||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 47,279 | $ | 117,724 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 297,022 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 3,275,124 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 555,246 | $ | 1,337,147 | $ | 1,054,475 | |||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 183,887 | $ | 443,036 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 58,172 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 9,896 | $ | 13,300 | $ | 992 | |||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 3,299 | $ | 4,433 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Overseas Value Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | — | — | ||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | N/A | — | — | ||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 295,265 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 27,741 | $ | 19,673 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 9,242 | $ | 6,551 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 166,219 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | ||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 869,827 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 22,185 | $ | 188,396 | $ | 103,273 | |||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 7,388 | $ | 62,797 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
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Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010*
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | Shares | |||||||||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 169,852 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 17,494 | $ | 5,233 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 5,831 | $ | 1,744 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 43,341 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 1,855 | $ | 11,515 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 618 | $ | 3,839 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||
Service Fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 43,782 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 9,036 | $ | 22,158 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 3,015 | $ | 7,386 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
High Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 248,940 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 280,926 | $ | 168,507 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 93,642 | $ | 56,169 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 546,946 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 1,354,042 | $ | 596,938 | $ | 9,178 | N/A | ||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 451,347 | $ | 198,979 | — | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | N/A | |||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 391,736 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 671,947 | $ | 471,008 | $ | 6,656 | N/A | ||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 223,982 | $ | 157,003 | — | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | N/A |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | Shares | |||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 136,936 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 322,250 | $ | 161,951 | $ | 2,344 | N/A | ||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 107,417 | $ | 54,049 | — | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | N/A | |||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 33,338 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 56,642 | $ | 41,333 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 18,891 | $ | 13,781 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 64,534 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 11,470 | $ | 19,721 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 3,828 | $ | 6,571 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 138,968 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 29,802 | $ | 82,039 | $ | 150 | N/A | ||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 9,938 | $ | 27,350 | — | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||
Service Fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 71,879 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 12,236 | $ | 28,699 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 4,079 | $ | 9,566 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 467,584 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 76,368 | $ | 532,171 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 25,456 | $ | 177,390 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | Shares | |||||||||||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 940,719 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 3,281 | $ | 381,034 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 1,094 | $ | 127,022 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 58,148 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 12,402 | $ | 58,377 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 4,126 | $ | 19,458 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 48,959 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 35,210 | $ | 29,886 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 11,737 | $ | 9,962 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Shareholder Servicing and Distribution Fee | $ | 127,074 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 14,232 | $ | 16,153 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Service Fee | — | $ | 4,759 | $ | 5,385 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
The Distributor may use the entire amount of its fees to defray the costs of commissions and service fees paid to selling and/or servicing agents and for certain other purposes. Since the distribution and service fees are payable regardless of the Distributor’s expenses, the Distributor may realize a profit from the fees. The distribution plans authorize any other payments by the Funds to the Distributor and its affiliates (including the Adviser) to the extent that such payments might be construed to be indirectly financing the distribution of a Fund’s shares. There were no unreimbursed expenses incurred under the distribution plans in the previous fiscal year to be carried over to the current fiscal year.
The Funds participate in joint distribution activities with other Columbia Funds. The fees paid under a distribution plan adopted by a Fund may be used to finance the distribution of the shares of other Columbia Funds. Such distribution costs are allocated based on the relative net asset size of the respective Funds.
The Adviser has voluntarily agreed to reimburse a portion of the Funds’ expenses so that the Funds’ ordinary operating expenses (excluding any distribution and service fees, brokerage commissions, interest, taxes
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and extraordinary expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any) after giving effect to any balance credits from the Funds’ custodian, do not exceed the following percentages:
Fund | Expenses as a Percent of Average Daily Net Assets on an Annualized Basis | |||
For Funds with fiscal year ended February 28 | ||||
Convertible Securities Fund | 0.95 | % | ||
Global Value Fund* | 1.35 | % | ||
International Value Fund | 1.35 | % | ||
Large Cap Core Fund | 1.00 | % | ||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund* | 0.70 | % | ||
Large Cap Index Fund* | 0.14 | % | ||
Large Cap Value Fund | 1.00 | % | ||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | 1.20 | % | ||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | 1.20 | % | ||
Marsico Global Fund | N/A | |||
Marsico Growth Fund | 1.20 | % | ||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | 1.50 | % | ||
Mid Cap Index Fund | 0.20 | % | ||
Mid Cap Value Fund | 1.05 | % | ||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | 1.35 | % | ||
Overseas Value Fund | 1.35 | % | ||
Small Cap Growth Fund II* | 1.10 | % | ||
Small Cap Index Fund* | 0.20 | % | ||
Small Cap Value Fund II* | 1.10 | % |
Fund | Expenses as a Percent of Average Daily Net Assets on an Annualized Basis | |||
For Funds with fiscal year ended March 31 |
| |||
Asset Allocation Fund II | 0.95 | % | ||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund* | 0.55 | % | ||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | N/A | |||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund* | 0.55 | % | ||
High Income Fund | 1.00 | % | ||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | N/A | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | N/A | |||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | N/A | |||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | N/A | |||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund* | 0.55 | % | ||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | 0.00 | % | ||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio | N/A | |||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund* | 0.55 | % | ||
Short Term Bond Fund | 0.48 | % | ||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund* | 0.50 | % | ||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund* | 0.55 | % | ||
Total Return Bond Fund* | 0.70 | % | ||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund* | 0.55 | % |
* | The Adviser is entitled to recover from the Fund any fees waived or expenses reimbursed for a three year period following the date of such waiver or reimbursement if such recovery does not cause the Fund’s expenses to exceed the expense limitations in effect at the time of recovery. |
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These arrangements may be modified or terminated by the Adviser at any time.
For Short Term Bond Fund, the Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the distribution fee for Class C shares so that it does not exceed 0.31% annually. This arrangement may be modified or terminated by the Distributor at any time.
Advisory Fee Waiver for Certain Funds – Period ending June 30, 2011
The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of the investment advisory fee for Marsico 21st Century Fund, Marsico Focused Equities Fund, Marsico International Opportunities Fund, Marsico Growth Fund and Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund through June 30, 2011 in an amount that is calculated based on the difference between the subadvisory fees that would have been payable to Marsico based on the subadvisory fee rates then in effect immediately prior to January 1, 2008 and the fees payable to Marsico under the current subadvisory fee rates. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – The Subadviser(s) and Investment Subadvisory Services for information on the subadvisory fee rates.
Advisory Fee Waiver for LifeGoal® Income Portfolio – Period ending July 31, 2011
The Adviser has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of LifeGoal® Income Portfolio’s expenses through July 31, 2011 so that the Portfolio’s ordinary operating expenses (excluding any distribution and service fees, brokerage commissions, interest, taxes and extraordinary expenses, and expenses associated with the Portfolio’s investments in other investment companies, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Portfolio’s custodian, do not exceed the following percentages:
Portfolio | Expenses as a Percent of Average Daily Net Assets on an Annualized Basis | |||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio (Portfolio-level commitment) | 0.42 | % |
Advisory/Administration Fee Waivers for LifeGoal® Income Portfolio – Period ending July 31, 2011
Portfolio | Advisory Waivers | Administration Waivers | ||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | 0.10 | %1 | 0.10 | %2 |
1 | The Adviser shall waive advisory fees payable to it under the Investment Management Services Agreement on assets invested in individual securities, Corporate Bond Portfolio and Mortgage-and Asset-Backed Portfolio. |
2 | The Adviser shall waive administration fees payable to it under the Administration Agreement on assets invested in other Columbia Funds (Corporate Bond Portfolio and Mortgage-and Asset-Backed Portfolio are not considered Columbia Funds). |
The Funds, the Adviser, the subadvisers and the Distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act, including Rule 17j–1 under the 1940 Act. These Codes of Ethics permit personnel subject to the Codes of Ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be bought or held by the Funds. These Codes of Ethics are included as exhibits to Part C of the Funds’ registration statement. These Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room and may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202.551.8090; they also are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, and may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549–1520.
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Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Funds have delegated to the Adviser, or as applicable, the subadviser, the responsibility to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Funds. In deciding to delegate this responsibility to the Adviser, the Board reviewed and approved the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and, as applicable, a subadviser. These included the procedures that the Adviser follows when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the Funds and their shareholders and the Adviser (or subadviser), its affiliates, its other clients or other persons.
The Adviser’s policy is to vote all proxies for Fund securities in a manner considered by the Adviser to be in the best interest of the Funds and their shareholders without regard to any benefit to the Adviser, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Adviser examines each proposal and votes against the proposal, if, in its judgment, approval or adoption of the proposal would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities. The Adviser also examines each proposal and votes the proxies against the proposal, if, in its judgment, the proposal would be expected to affect adversely the best interest of the Funds. The Adviser determines the best interest of the Funds in light of the potential economic return on each Fund’s investment.
The Adviser seeks to address potential material conflicts of interest by having predetermined voting guidelines. For those proposals that require special consideration or in instances where special circumstances may require varying from the predetermined guideline, the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Committee determines the vote in the best interest of the Funds, without consideration of any benefit to the Adviser, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Adviser’s Proxy Voting Committee is composed of representatives of the Adviser’s equity investments, equity research, compliance, legal and operations functions. In addition to the responsibilities described above, the Proxy Voting Committee has the responsibility to review, at least annually, the Adviser’s proxy voting policies to ensure consistency with internal policies and regulatory requirements and to develop additional predetermined voting guidelines to assist in the review of proxy proposals.
The Proxy Voting Committee may vary from a predetermined guideline if it determines that voting on the proposal according to the predetermined guideline would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities or to affect adversely the best interest of the Funds. References to the best interests of the Funds refer to the interest of the Funds in terms of the potential economic return on the client’s investment. In determining the vote on any proposal, the Proxy Voting Committee does not consider any benefit other than benefits to the Funds. A member of the Proxy Voting Committee is prohibited from voting on any proposal for which he or she has a conflict of interest by reason of a direct relationship with the issuer or other party affected by a given proposal. Persons making recommendations to the Proxy Voting Committee or its members are required to disclose to the Committee any relationship with a party making a proposal or other matter known to the person that would create a potential conflict of interest.
The Adviser has retained Glass-Lewis & Co., a third-party vendor, to implement its proxy voting process. Glass-Lewis & Co. provides proxy analysis, record keeping services and vote disclosure services. Information regarding how the Columbia Funds (except certain Columbia Funds that do not invest in voting securities) voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve month period ended June 30 will be available by August 31 of this year free of charge: (i) through the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiamanagement.com and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. For a copy of the Adviser’s and subadvisers’ policies and procedures that are used to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Columbia Funds, see Appendix B to this SAI.
Expenses Paid by Third Parties
The Distributor and the Administrator furnish, without additional cost to the Funds, the services of certain officers of the Funds and such other personnel (other than the personnel of the Adviser or the investment
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subadviser(s), if applicable) as are required for the proper conduct of the Funds’ affairs. The Distributor bears the incremental expenses of printing and distributing prospectuses used by the Distributor or furnished by the Distributor to investors in connection with the public offering of the Funds’ shares and the costs of any other promotional or sales literature, except that to the extent permitted under the Distribution Plans of each Fund, sales-related expenses incurred by the Distributor may be reimbursed by the Funds.
The Funds pay or cause to be paid all other expenses of the Funds, including, without limitation: the fees of the Adviser, the Distributor and the Administrator; the charges and expenses of any registrar, any custodian or depository appointed by the Funds for the safekeeping of their cash, Fund securities and other property, and any stock transfer, dividend or accounting agent or agents appointed by the Funds; brokerage commissions chargeable to the Funds in connection with Fund securities transactions to which the Funds are a party; all taxes, including securities issuance and transfer taxes; corporate fees payable by the Funds to federal, state or other governmental agencies; all costs and expenses in connection with the registration and maintenance of registration of the Funds’ shares with the SEC and various states and other jurisdictions (including filing fees, legal fees and disbursements of counsel); the costs and expenses of preparing and typesetting prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Funds (including supplements thereto) and periodic reports and of printing and distributing such prospectuses and statements of additional information (including supplements thereto) to the Funds’ shareholders; all expenses of shareholders’ and Trustee meetings and of preparing, printing and mailing proxy statements and reports to shareholders; fees and travel expenses of directors or director members of any advisory board or committee; all expenses incident to the payment of any distribution, whether in shares or cash; charges and expenses of any outside service used for pricing of the Funds’ shares; fees and expenses of legal counsel and of independent auditors in connection with any matter relating to the Funds; membership dues of industry associations; interest payable on Fund borrowings; postage and long-distance telephone charges; insurance premiums on property or personnel (including officers and directors) of the Funds which inure to their benefit; extraordinary expenses (including, but not limited to, legal claims and liabilities and litigation costs and any indemnification related thereto); and all other charges and costs of the Funds’ operation unless otherwise explicitly assumed by the Adviser or the Administrator.
The Adviser has agreed to bear all fees and expenses of Corporate Bond Portfolio, Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio, LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio and LifeGoal® Growth and Income Portfolio except taxes, brokerage fees and commissions, costs, including interest expenses, of borrowing money, extraordinary expenses and any applicable 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees and/or shareholder administration fees. The expenses borne by the Adviser include custodian, transfer agent, legal and audit fees and costs, expenses of issue, sale, redemption and repurchase of shares, expenses of registering and qualifying shares for sale, expenses relating to trustee and shareholder meetings, the cost of preparing and distributing reports and notices to shareholders, and the cost of preparing and printing prospectuses and SAIs distributed to the Portfolios’ shareholders. This assumption does not include advisory fees to the Adviser.
Expenses of the Funds which are not attributable to the operations of any class of shares or Fund are pro-rated among all classes of shares or certain Columbia Funds, including the Funds based upon the relative net assets of each class or Fund. Expenses which are not directly attributable to a specific class of shares but are attributable to a specific Fund are prorated among all the classes of shares of such Fund based upon the relative net assets of each such class of shares. Expenses which are directly attributable to a class of shares are charged against the income available for distribution as dividends to such class of shares.
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Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight
The Board oversees management of the Trust and the Funds. The Board has a duty to act in the best interest of shareholders when supervising and overseeing the management and operations of the Trust. The Board consists of seven Trustees who have extensive and varied experience and skills. Six of the Trustees are Independent Trustees. The Trust currently treats the remaining Trustee, Dr. Anthony M. Santomero, as an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Columbia Funds (the Interested Trustee) because he serves as a Director of Citigroup, Inc. and CitiBank N.A. companies that may engage from time-to-time in brokerage execution, principal transactions and lending relationships with the Funds or other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser. Further information about the background and qualifications of each of the Trustees can be found in the section Trustee Biographical Information and Qualifications.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman actively participates in the development of the agendas for Board meetings, presides at Board Meetings and acts as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Trust’s charter document, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Independent Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board generally.
The Board has several standing committees (the Committees), which are an integral part of the Funds’ overall governance and risk management oversight structure. The standing Committees are the Audit Committee, the Governance Committee, the Contracts Review Committee and the Investment Committee. The roles of each Committee are more fully described in the section Standing Committees below.
The Funds have retained the Adviser as the Funds’ investment adviser and administrator. The Adviser provides the Funds with investment advisory services, and is responsible for day-to-day management and administration of the Funds and management of the risks that arise from the Funds’ investments and operations. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operation of the Trust, including with respect to risk management functions. The Funds and the Trust are subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, and valuation risks, among others. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Adviser, the subadvisers and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), who carry out the Funds’ investment management and business affairs. Each of the Adviser, the subadvisers and other service providers have their own, independent interest in risk management, and their policies and methods of carrying out risk management functions will depend, in part, on their analysis of the risks, functions and business models.
Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Funds and the Trust and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or even mitigate their occurrence or effects. As part of its regular oversight of the Trust, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, the Adviser, subadvisers, the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, and internal auditors for the Adviser or its affiliates, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Funds and relevant risk functions. The Board and the Audit Committee also meet periodically with the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, to receive reports regarding the compliance of the Funds and their principal service providers with the federal securities laws and their internal compliance policies and procedures. The Board and the Audit Committee review and approve the compliance program of the Fund and certain of its service providers, and also receive periodic and annual reports from the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, as required under applicable regulations. The Board, with the assistance of the Investment Committee, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of the Funds’ performance, and meets periodically
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with the portfolio managers of the Funds to receive reports regarding the management of the Funds, including their investment risks. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of the Funds’ advisory, subadvisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of their operations and the functions for which they are responsible.
The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities. The Board reviews its leadership structure periodically and believes that its structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Trustees and the full Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight. In particular, the Board believes that having an Independent Trustee serve as the chair of the Board and each Committee promotes independence from the Adviser in setting agendas and conducting meetings. The Board believes that its committee structure makes the oversight process more efficient and more effective by allowing smaller groups of Trustees to bring increased focus to matters within the purview of each Committee. The leadership structure of the Board, including the manner in which it conducts its risk oversight role, may be changed, at any time and in the discretion of the Board, including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Trust.
Standing Committees
The Trust has four standing Committees, which are the Audit Committee, the Contracts Review Committee, the Governance Committee and the Investment Committee.
In general, the function of the Audit Committee is oversight of the financial aspects of the Trust and Funds and approval of and interaction with the Funds’ Independent Auditors. Management (which generally means the appropriate officers of the Trust, and a Fund’s investment adviser(s), administrator(s) and other key service providers (other than the independent registered public accounting firm)) is primarily responsible for the preparation of the financial statements of each Fund, and the independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing those financial statements. Management also is responsible for maintaining appropriate systems for accounting and “internal controls over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rule 30a-3 under the 1940 Act), and the independent registered public accounting firm is primarily responsible for considering such internal controls over financial reporting in connection with its financial statement audits. While the Audit Committee has the duties and powers set forth in the Audit Committee charter, the Audit Committee is not responsible for planning or conducting any Fund audit or for determining whether a Fund’s financial statements are complete and accurate and are in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The Audit Committee has, among other things, specific power and responsibility to: (i) oversee its Funds’ accounting and financial reporting processes and practices, its internal controls over financial reporting and, as appropriate, the internal controls over financial reporting of the Funds maintained by key service providers; (ii) approve, and recommend to the full Board for its approval in accordance with applicable law, the selection and appointment of an independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund prior to the engagement of such independent registered public accounting firm; (iii) pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided to a Fund by its independent registered public accounting firm, directly or by establishing pre-approval policies and procedures pursuant to which such services may be rendered, provided however, that the policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service and the Audit Committee is informed of each service, and such policies do not include the delegation to management of the Audit Committee’s responsibilities under the 1934 Act or applicable rules or listing requirements; and (iv) pre-approve all non-audit services provided by a Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Fund’s investment adviser and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to a Fund, if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of a Fund. The members of the Audit Committee are William A. Hawkins (Chair), Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. and William P. Carmichael. The Audit Committee members are all Independent Trustees.
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The primary responsibilities of the Contracts Review Committee, as set forth in its charter, include reviewing and making recommendations to the Board as to: (i) contractual arrangements; (ii) the factors considered in approving investment advisory and the investment subadvisory agreements; and (iii) service provider oversight and performance. Among other responsibilities, the Contracts Review Committee also oversees and coordinates activities of consultants and legal or financial experts that may be engaged under certain circumstances. The members of the Contracts Review Committee are R. Glenn Hilliard (Chair), William P. Carmichael, John J. Nagorniak and Anthony M. Santomero. With the exception of the Interested Trustee, the Contracts Review Committee members are all Independent Trustees.
The primary responsibilities of the Governance Committee include, as set forth in its charter: (i) nominating Independent Trustees; (ii) overseeing issues of corporate governance for the Trust and the Funds; (iii) addressing matters relating to compensation of Trustees who are not current directors, officers or employees of a Fund’s investment adviser or subadviser or any control affiliate thereof, including deferred compensation and retirement policies; and (iv) evaluating each Board and its committee structure as often as it deems necessary or desirable to determine whether each is functioning effectively. The Governance Committee shall determine the nature of the evaluation and its role therein in its sole discretion. The members of the Governance Committee are Minor M. Shaw (Chair), William A. Hawkins, R. Glenn Hilliard and William P. Carmichael (ex officio). The Governance Committee members are all Independent Trustees.
The primary responsibilities of the Investment Committee are, as set forth in its charter, to assist the Board in carrying out its oversight responsibilities in specific areas of investment management, both by acting as liaison between the full Board and the Adviser on investment matters, and by acting on behalf of the Board with respect to investment issues in extraordinary circumstances when it is impractical to convene a meeting of the full Board. In carrying out these general responsibilities, the Investment Committee assists the Board in connection with issues relating to: the investment policies and procedures adopted for each Fund; appropriate performance benchmarks and other comparative issues; portfolio management staffing and other personnel issues of the Adviser; investment related compliance issues; possible exemptive applications or other relief necessary or appropriate with respect to investment matters; and other investment related matters referred from time to time to the Committee by the full Board. The Committee reports its activities to the full Board on a regular basis and is responsible for making such recommendations with respect to the matters described above and other matters as the Committee may deem necessary or appropriate. The Chairperson of the Investment Committee is Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. Each Trustee is a member of the Investment Committee. With the exception of the Interested Trustee, the Investment Committee members are all Independent Trustees.
The table below shows the number of times the committees met during each Fund’s most recent fiscal year. The table is organized by fiscal year end.
Fiscal Period | Audit Committee | Contracts Review Committee | Governance Committee | Investment Committee | ||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending February 28 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending March 31 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 7 |
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust does not set forth any specific qualifications to serve as a Trustee other than that each Trustee shall be an individual of at least 21 years of age who is not under a legal disability. The Charter of the Governance Committee also does not set forth any specific qualifications, but does set forth certain factors that the Committee may take into account in considering Trustee candidates. Among the attributes or skills common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the other Trustees, the Adviser, subadvisers, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective and independent business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. Each Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively has been attained through: (i) the individual’s business and professional experience and accomplishments; (ii) the individual’s experience working with the other Trustees and management; (iii) the
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individual’s prior experience, if any, serving on the boards of public companies (including, where relevant, other investment companies) and other complex enterprises and organizations; and (iv) his or her educational background, professional training, and/or other life experiences. Generally, no one factor was decisive in determining that an individual should serve as a Trustee.
Following is a summary of each Trustee’s particular professional and other experience that qualifies each person to serve as a Trustee of the Trust as of the date of this SAI:
Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. Mr. Boudreau has been a Trustee of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 2005. In addition, he has over thirty years of business and consulting experience, primarily in the financial services industry, including as the chief executive of a mutual fund management company.
William P. Carmichael. Mr. Carmichael has been a Trustee of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 1999, and has served as Chairman of the Board of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 2003. Mr. Carmichael served in various senior financial and directorship positions with global consumer products companies. Mr. Carmichael is a certified public accountant and a licensed attorney.
William A. Hawkins. Mr. Hawkins has been a Trustee of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 2005. He currently serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of California General Bank and has over thirty years of executive level experience in the banking industry. Mr. Hawkins is a certified financial planner and a chartered property and casualty underwriter, as well as holding series 7, 24 and 63 licenses from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
R. Glenn Hilliard. Mr. Hilliard has been a Trustee of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 2005. Mr. Hilliard is currently the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Hilliard Group, LLC. He has over twenty years executive level experience in the insurance industry. Mr. Hilliard has served on the Board of Directors and as non-executive chairman of Conseco, Inc. for a number of years. Mr. Hilliard is also a licensed attorney.
John J. Nagorniak. Mr. Nagorniak has been a Trustee of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 2008. Mr. Nagorniak has served in executive level and director positions for over twenty-five years. He is a chartered financial analyst and is currently a Trustee of the Research Foundation of the CFA Institute.
Minor M. Shaw. Ms. Shaw has served as a Trustee of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 2003. Ms. Shaw is the President of certain private companies and is a member of the Board of Piedmont Natural Gas and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of South Carolina. Ms. Shaw also serves as an active member on the boards of numerous educational and public service organizations.
Anthony M. Santomero. Dr. Santomero has been a Trustee of the Trust and of certain other trusts in the Columbia Funds Complex since 2008. Dr. Santomero has over thirty years of experience as a professor of finance and private consultant specializing in issues including risk management, financial restructuring, credit risk evaluation and management, and regulation. He has served as consultant to financial institutions and agencies in the U.S. and various countries in the European Union and the European Community itself, as well as institutions in various countries around the world. Additionally, Dr. Santomero has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
The following table provides additional biographical information about the Trustees as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. The mailing address of each Trustee is: c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center, Mail Stop MA5-515-11-05, Boston, MA 02111.
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Independent Trustee Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth and | Year First | Principal | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held | ||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||||
Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. (Born 1944) Trustee | Indefinite term; Trustee since January 2005 | Managing Director – E.J. Boudreau & Associates (consulting), from 2000 through current | 52 | Trustee – BofA Funds Series Trust (II Portfolios) | ||||||
William P. Carmichael (Born 1943) Trustee and Chairman of the Board | Indefinite term; Trustee since 1999 | Retired | 52 | Director – Cobra Electronics Corporation (electronic equipment manufacturer); Simmons Company (bedding); and The Finish Line (athletic shoes and apparel); Trustee – BofA Funds Series Trust (II Portfolios); former Director of Spectrum Brands, Inc. (consumer products) | ||||||
William A. Hawkins (Born 1942) Trustee | Indefinite term; Trustee since January 2005 | President and Chief Executive Officer – California Bank, N.A., from January 2008 through current | 52 | Trustee – BofA Funds Series Trust (II Portfolios) | ||||||
R. Glenn Hilliard (Born 1943) Trustee | Indefinite term; Trustee since January 2005 | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer – Hilliard Group LLC (investing and consulting), from April 2003 through current; Non-Executive Director & Chairman – Conseco, Inc. (insurance), September 2003 through current; Executive Chairman – Conseco, Inc. (insurance), August 2004 through September 2005 | 52 | Director – Conseco, Inc. (insurance); Trustee – BofA Funds Series Trust (II Portfolios) |
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Name, Year of Birth and | Year First | Principal | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held | ||||
John J. Nagorniak (Born 1944) Trustee | Indefinite term; Trustee since January 2008 | Retired; President and Director – Foxstone Financial, Inc. (consulting), 2000 through December 2007; Director – Mellon Financial Corporation affiliates (investing), 2000 through 2007; Chairman – Franklin Portfolio Associates (investing – Mellon affiliate) 1982 through 2007 | 52 | Trustee – Research Foundation of CFA Institute; Director – MIT Investment Company; Trustee – MIT 401k Plan; Trustee – BofA Funds Series Trust (II Portfolios) | ||||
Minor M. Shaw (Born 1947) Trustee | Indefinite term; Trustee since 2003 | President – Micco Corporation and Mickel Investment Group | 52 | Board Member – Piedmont Natural Gas; Trustee – BofA Funds Series Trust (II Portfolios) | ||||
Interested Trustee Biographical Information | ||||||||
Anthony M. Santomero1 (Born 1946) Trustee | Indefinite term; Trustee since January 2008 | Richard K. Mellon Professor Emeritus of Finance, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, from 2002 through current; Senior Advisor – McKinsey & Company (consulting), 2006 through 2008; President and Chief Executive Officer – Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, 2000 through 2006 | 52 | Director – Renaissance Reinsurance Ltd.; Trustee – Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company; Director – Citigroup; Trustee – BofA Funds Series Trust (II Portfolios) |
1 | Dr. Santomero is currently deemed by the Columbia Funds to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds because he serves as a Director of Citigroup, Inc. and Citibank N.A., companies that may directly or through subsidiaries and affiliates engage from time-to-time in brokerage execution, principal transactions and lending relationships with the Columbia Funds or other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser. |
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Compensation
Trustees are compensated for their services to the Columbia Funds complex on a complex-wide basis, as shown in the table below.
Aggregate Compensation from Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Edward J. Boudreau, Jr.1 | William P. Carmichael2 | Minor M. Shaw3 | R. Glenn Hilliard4 | William A. Hawkins5 | John J. Nagorniak6 | ||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending February 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Global Value Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
International Value Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | �� | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | |||||||||||||||
Marsico Global Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Overseas Value Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 |
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Aggregate Compensation from Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Edward J. Boudreau, Jr.1 | William P. Carmichael2 | Minor M. Shaw3 | R. Glenn Hilliard4 | William A. Hawkins5 | John J. Nagorniak6 | ||||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
High Income Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 |
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Aggregate Compensation from Fund | ||||||||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||
Fund | Edward J. Boudreau, Jr.1 | William P. Carmichael2 | Minor M. Shaw3 | R. Glenn Hilliard4 | William A. Hawkins5 | John J. Nagorniak6 | ||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 | ||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $4,608 | $5,546 | $4,452 | $4,530 | $4,608 | $3,908 | ||||||
Amount deferred | $1,571 | $0 | $2,226 | $0 | $83 | $1,173 |
1 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Boudreau deferred $81,627 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Boudreau’s account under that plan was $286,846. |
2 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Carmichael deferred $0 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Carmichael’s account under that plan was $1,056,273. |
3 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Shaw deferred $132,587 of her total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Shaw’s account under that plan was $576,224. |
4 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Hilliard deferred $31,154 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Hilliard’s account under that plan was $605,201. |
5 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Hawkins deferred $0 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Hawkins’s account under that plan was $0. |
6 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Nagorniak deferred $69,170 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Nagorniak’s account under that plan was $130,303. |
Aggregate Compensation from Fund | ||||
Interested Trustee | ||||
Fund | Anthony M. Santomero7 | |||
For funds with fiscal year ending February 28 | ||||
Convertible Securities Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Global Value Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
International Value Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Large Cap Core Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Large Cap Index Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Large Cap Value Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 |
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Aggregate Compensation from Fund | ||||
Interested Trustee | ||||
Fund | Anthony M. Santomero7 | |||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Marsico Global Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Marsico Growth Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Mid Cap Index Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Mid Cap Value Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Overseas Value Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Small Cap Index Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Small Cap Value Fund II | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
For funds with fiscal year ending March 31 | ||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | N/A | |||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
High Income Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | N/A | |||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | N/A | |||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | N/A | |||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 |
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Aggregate Compensation from Fund | ||||
Interested Trustee | ||||
Fund | Anthony M. Santomero7 | |||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | N/A | |||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Short Term Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Total Return Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 | ||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 4,139 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,931 |
7 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Dr. Santomero deferred $122,207 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Dr. Santomero’s account under that plan was $203,951. |
Independent Trustee Compensation for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Total Compensation from the | ||
Independent Trustees | ||
Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. | $295,000 | |
William P. Carmichael | $357,500 | |
Minor M. Shaw | $287,500 | |
R. Glenn Hilliard | $290,000 | |
William A. Hawkins | $297,500 | |
John J. Nagorniak | $250,000 |
Interested Trustee Compensation for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Total Compensation from the | ||
Interested Trustees | ||
Anthony M. Santomero | $265,000 |
Columbia Funds Deferred Compensation Plan
Under the terms of the Deferred Fee Agreement (the Deferred Compensation Plan), each eligible Trustee may elect, on an annual basis, to defer receipt of all or a portion of compensation payable to him or her for
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service as Trustee for that calendar year. Fees deferred by a Trustee are credited to a book reserve account (the Deferral Account) established by the Columbia Funds, the value of which is derived from the rate of return of one or more Columbia Funds selected by the Trustee (with accruals to the Deferral Account beginning at such time as a Trustee’s fund elections having been established, and fees for service having been paid into such account, and terminating at such time as when proceeds become payable to such Trustee under the Deferred Compensation Plan). Trustees may change their fund elections only in accordance with the provisions of the Deferred Compensation Plan.
Distributions from a Trustee’s Deferral Account will be paid by check, either in a lump sum or in annual installments. Payments made in annual installments are disbursed over a period of up to ten years, following such time as a Trustee may qualify to receive such payments. If a deferring Trustee dies prior to or after the commencement of the disbursement of amounts accrued in his/her Deferral Account, the balance of the account will be distributed to his/her designated beneficiary either in lump sum or in annual payments as established by such Trustee himself/herself, his/her beneficiary or his/her estate. Amounts payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan are not funded or secured in any way, and each deferring Trustee has the status of an unsecured creditor of the Columbia Fund(s) selected by such Trustee.
Beneficial Equity Ownership
As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of each class of shares of each Fund. The table below shows, for each Trustee, the amount of Fund equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustee and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of the Columbia Funds Family overseen by the Trustees, including notional amounts through the Deferred Compensation Plan, stated as one of the following ranges: A = $0; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Independent Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. | William P. Carmichael | Minor M. Shaw | R. Glenn Hilliard | William A. Hawkins | John J. Nagorniak | ||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Global Value Fund | C | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
High Income Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
International Value Fund | A | E | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | C | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | B | D | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Marsico Global Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A |
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Fund | Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. | William P. Carmichael | Minor M. Shaw | R. Glenn Hilliard | William A. Hawkins | John J. Nagorniak | ||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | A | D | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Overseas Value Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | B | D | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | B | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | E | E | E | E | A | E |
Interested Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | Anthony M. Santomero | |
Asset Allocation Fund II | A | |
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |
Convertible Securities Fund | A | |
Corporate Bond Portfolio | A | |
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |
Global Value Fund | A | |
High Income Fund | A | |
International Value Fund | A | |
Large Cap Core Fund | A | |
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | A | |
Large Cap Index Fund | A | |
Large Cap Value Fund | A | |
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | A | |
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | A | |
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | A | |
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | A |
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Fund | Anthony M. Santomero | |
Marsico 21st Century Fund | A | |
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | A | |
Marsico Global Fund | A | |
Marsico Growth Fund | A | |
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | A | |
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |
Masters International Equity Portfolio | A | |
Mid Cap Index Fund | A | |
Mid Cap Value Fund | A | |
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | A | |
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | A | |
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |
Overseas Value Fund | A | |
Short Term Bond Fund | A | |
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | A | |
Small Cap Growth Fund II | A | |
Small Cap Index Fund | A | |
Small Cap Value Fund II | A | |
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |
Total Return Bond Fund | A | |
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | E |
The following table provides basic information about the Officers of the Trust as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period.
Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
J. Kevin Connaughton (Born 1964) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | President (Principal Executive Officer) | 2009 | Senior Vice President and General Manager – Mutual Fund Products, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; President, Columbia Funds, since 2009, and RiverSource Funds, since May 2010 (previously Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Columbia Funds, from June 2008 to January 2009, Treasurer, Columbia Funds, from October 2003 to May 2008, and senior officer of various other affiliated funds since 2000); Managing Director, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from December 2004 to April 2010. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
Michael G. Clarke (Born 1969) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | 2009 | Vice President, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Managing Director of Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from September 2004 to April 2010; senior officer of Columbia Funds and affiliated funds since 2002. | |||
Scott R. Plummer (Born 1959) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer | 2010 | Chief Legal Officer and Assistant Secretary, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since June 2005; Vice President and Lead Chief Counsel – Asset Management, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously Vice President and Chief Counsel – Asset Management, from 2005 to April 2010, and Vice President – Asset Management Compliance from 2004 to 2005); Vice President, Chief Counsel and Assistant Secretary, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since 2008; Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2005; Chief Counsel, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006; Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, RiverSource Funds, since December 2006; Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Columbia Funds, since May 2010. | |||
Linda J. Wondrack (Born 1964) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | 2007 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Chief Compliance Officer, Columbia Funds, since 2007, and RiverSource Funds, since May 2010; Director (Columbia Management Group, LLC and Investment Product Group Compliance), Bank of America, from June 2005 to April 2010; Director of Corporate Compliance and Conflicts Officer of MFS Investment Management (investment management) from August 2004 to May 2005. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
William F. Truscott (Born 1960) 53600 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Chairman of the Board, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010 (previously President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer, from 2001 to April 2010); Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Asset Management & President, Annuities, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously President – U.S. Asset Management and Chief Investment Officer from 2005 to April 2010, and Senior Vice President – Chief Investment Officer, from 2001 to 2005); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2006; Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010 (previously Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer from 2008 to April 2010); Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006. | |||
Colin Moore (Born 1958) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Director and Chief Investment Officer, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Manager, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Head of Equities, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2002 to 2007. | |||
Michael A. Jones (Born 1959) 100 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110 | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Director and President, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; President and Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010; Manager, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from November 2006 to April 2010; previously, co-president and senior managing director at Robeco Investment Management. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
Amy Johnson (Born 1965) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser, since May 2010; Chief Administrative Officer, the Adviser from 2009 until May 2010; Vice President – Asset Management and Trust Company Services, the Adviser, 2006-2009; Vice President – Operations and Compliance, the Adviser, 2004-2006; Director of Product Development – Mutual Funds, Ameriprise Financial, 2001-2004. | |||
Joseph F. DiMaria (Born 1968) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer | 2008 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, since May 2010; Director of Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from January 2006 to April 2010; Head of Tax/Compliance and Assistant Treasurer, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from November 2004 to December 2005. | |||
Marybeth Pilat (Born 1968) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Deputy Treasurer | 2010 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, since May 2010; Vice President, Investment Operations, Bank of America, from October 2008 to April 2010; Finance Manager, Boston Children’s Hospital from August 2008 to October 2008; Director, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from May 2007 to July 2008; Vice President, Mutual Fund Valuation, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from January 2006 to May 2007; Vice President, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from January 2005 to January 2006. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
Julian Quero (Born 1967) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Deputy Treasurer | 2008 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Director of Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from August 2008 to April 2010; Senior Tax Manager, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from August 2006 to July 2008; Senior Compliance Manager, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from April 2002 to August 2006. | |||
Stephen T. Welsh (Born 1957) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Vice President | 2006 | President and Director, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. since May 2010; President and Director, Columbia Management Services, Inc. from July 2004 to April 2010; Managing Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from August 2007 to April 2010. | |||
Kathryn Thompson (Born 1967) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Director, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight and Treasury of the Adviser, since May 2010; Vice President, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight of the Previous Adviser from December 2004 to April 2010; Vice President, State Street Corporation (financial services) prior to December 2004. | |||
Paul B. Goucher (Born 1968) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Assistant Secretary | 2010 | Vice President and Chief Counsel of Ameriprise Financial since January 2010 (formerly Vice President and Group Counsel from November 2008 to January 2010); Director, Managing Director and General Counsel of J. & W. Seligman & Co. Incorporated (Seligman) from July 2008 to November 2008 and Managing Director and Associate General Counsel of Seligman from January 2005 to July 2008. | |||
Ryan C. Larrenaga (Born 1970) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Assistant Secretary | 2005 | Counsel, Ameriprise Financial since May 2010; Assistant General Counsel, Bank of America from March 2005 to April 2010; Associate, Ropes & Gray LLP (law firm) from 1998 to February 2005. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
Christopher O. Petersen (Born 1970) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Assistant Secretary | 2010 | Vice President and Chief Counsel, Ameriprise Financial since January 2010 (formerly Vice President and Group Counsel or Counsel from April 2004 to January 2010); Assistant Secretary of RiverSource Funds since January 2007. |
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
General Brokerage Policy, Brokerage Transactions and Broker Selection
Subject to policies established by the Board, the Adviser (or the investment subadviser(s) who make the day-to-day investment decisions for a Fund, as applicable) is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for each Fund, for the selection of broker/dealers, for the execution of a Fund’s securities transactions and for the allocation of brokerage commissions in connection with such transactions. The Adviser’s primary consideration in effecting a security transaction is to obtain the best net price and the most favorable execution of the order. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected through brokers who charge negotiated commissions for their services. Orders may be directed to any broker to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law.
In the over-the-counter market, securities generally are traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principals for their own accounts without stated commissions, although the price of a security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are bought at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s “concession” or “discount.” On occasion, certain money market instruments may be bought directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
In placing orders for portfolio securities of the Funds, the Adviser gives primary consideration to obtaining the best net prices and most favorable execution. This means that the Adviser will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. In seeking such execution, the Adviser will use its best judgment in evaluating the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including, without limitation, the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security, the confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker/dealer, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the broker/dealer, the value and quality of the services rendered by the broker/dealer in this instance and other transactions and the reasonableness of the spread or commission, if any. Research services received from broker/dealers supplement the Adviser’s own research and may include the following types of information: statistical and background information on industry groups and individual companies; forecasts and interpretations with respect to U.S. and foreign economies, securities, markets, specific industry groups and individual companies; information on political developments; Fund management strategies; performance information on securities and information concerning prices of securities; and information supplied by specialized services to the Adviser and to the Board with respect to the performance, investment activities and fees and expenses of other mutual funds. Such information may be communicated electronically, orally or in written form. Research services also may include the arranging of meetings with management of companies and the provision of access to consultants who supply research information.
The outside research is useful to the Adviser since, in certain instances, the broker/dealers utilized by the Adviser may follow a different universe of securities issuers and other matters than those that the Adviser’s staff can follow. In addition, this research provides the Adviser with a different perspective on financial markets, even if the securities research obtained relates to issues followed by the Adviser. Research services that are provided to the Adviser by broker/dealers are available for the benefit of all accounts managed or advised by the Adviser. In some cases, the research services are available only from the broker/dealer providing such services. In other cases, the research services may be obtainable from alternative sources. The Adviser is of the opinion that because the broker/dealer research supplements rather than replaces the Adviser’s own research, the receipt of such research does not tend to decrease the Adviser’s expenses, but tends to improve the quality of its investment advice. However, to the extent that the Adviser would have bought any such research services had such services not been provided by broker/dealers, the expenses of such services to the Adviser could be considered to have been reduced accordingly. Certain research services furnished by broker/dealers may be useful to the clients of
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the Adviser other than the Funds. Conversely, any research services received by the Adviser through the placement of transactions of other clients may be of value to the Adviser in fulfilling its obligations to the Funds. The Adviser is of the opinion that this material is beneficial in supplementing its research and analysis; and, therefore, it may benefit the Trust by improving the quality of the Adviser’s investment advice. The advisory fees paid by the Trust are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services.
Under Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Adviser shall not be “deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached its fiduciary duty” solely because under certain circumstances it has caused the account to pay a higher commission than the lowest available. To obtain the benefit of Section 28(e), the Adviser must make a good faith determination that the commissions paid are “reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such member, broker, or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or his overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts as to which he exercises investment discretion.” Accordingly, the price to a Funds in any transaction may be less favorable than that available from another broker/dealer if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered. Some broker/dealers may indicate that the provision of research services is dependent upon the generation of certain specified levels of commissions and underwriting concessions by the Adviser’s clients, including the Funds.
Commission rates are established pursuant to negotiations with broker/dealers based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by broker/dealers in light of generally prevailing rates. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different broker/dealers. Transactions on foreign stock exchanges involve payment of brokerage commissions that generally are fixed. Transactions in both foreign and domestic over-the-counter markets generally are principal transactions with dealers, and the costs of such transactions involve dealer spreads rather than brokerage commissions. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Adviser, where possible, will deal directly with dealers who make a market in the securities involved, except in those circumstances in which better prices and execution are available elsewhere.
In certain instances there may be securities that are suitable for a Fund as well as for one or more of the other clients of the Adviser. Investment decisions for the Funds and for the Adviser’s other clients are made with the goal of achieving their respective investment objectives. A particular security may be bought or sold for only one client even though it may be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when a number of accounts receive investment advice from the same investment adviser, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are engaged simultaneously in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. In some cases, this policy could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security in a particular transaction that may affect the Funds.
The Funds may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. A Fund will engage in this practice, however, only when the Adviser, in its sole discretion, believes such practice to be otherwise in such Fund’s interests.
The Trust will not execute portfolio transactions through, or buy or sell portfolio securities from or to, the Distributor, the Adviser, the Administrator or their affiliates acting as principal (including repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements), except to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or order. However, the Adviser is authorized to allocate buy and sell orders for portfolio securities to certain broker/dealers and financial institutions, including, in the case of agency transactions, broker/dealers and financial institutions that are affiliated with Ameriprise Financial. To the extent that a Fund executes any securities trades with an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial, such Fund does so in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and the procedures that such Fund has adopted pursuant to the rule. In this regard, for each transaction, the Board will determine
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that: (i) the transaction resulted in prices for and execution of securities transactions at least as favorable to the particular Fund as those likely to be derived from a non-affiliated qualified broker/dealer; (ii) the affiliated broker/dealer charged the Fund commission rates consistent with those charged by the affiliated broker/dealer in similar transactions to clients comparable to the Fund and that are not affiliated with the broker/dealer in question; and (iii) the fees, commissions or other remuneration paid by the Fund did not exceed 2% of the sales price of the securities if the sale was effected in connection with a secondary distribution, or 1% of the purchase or sale price of such securities if effected in other than a secondary distribution.
Certain affiliates of Ameriprise Financial may have deposit, loan or commercial banking relationships with the corporate users of facilities financed by industrial development revenue bonds or private activity bonds bought by certain of the Columbia Funds. Ameriprise Financial or certain of its affiliates may serve as trustee, custodian, tender agent, guarantor, placement agent, underwriter, or in some other capacity, with respect to certain issues of securities. Under certain circumstances, a Fund may buy securities from a member of an underwriting syndicate in which an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial is a member. The Trust has adopted procedures pursuant to Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act, and intends to comply with the requirements of Rule 10f-3, in connection with any purchases of municipal securities that may be subject to Rule 10f-3.
Given the breadth of the Adviser’s investment management activities, investment decisions for the Funds are not always made independently from those for other funds, or other investment companies and accounts advised or managed by the Adviser. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on behalf of one or more of the Columbia Funds and another investment portfolio, investment company or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount in a manner which the Adviser believes to be equitable to the Funds and such other funds, investment portfolio, investment company or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by a Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Adviser may aggregate the securities to be sold or bought for the Funds with those to be sold or bought for other funds, investment portfolios, investment companies, or accounts in executing transactions.
See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about these and other conflicts of interest.
The following charts reflect the amounts of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the three most recently completed fiscal periods/years. In certain instances, the Funds may pay brokerage commissions to broker/dealers that are affiliates of Ameriprise Financial. As indicated above, all such transactions involving the payment of brokerage commissions to affiliates are done in compliance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act.
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid by the Funds
The following charts reflect the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the three most recently completed fiscal periods/years. Differences, year to year, in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Fund were primarily the result of increased market volatility as well as shareholder purchase and redemption activity in the Fund.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008 | |||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | $ | 78,360 | $ | 322,359 | $ | 284,499 | ||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | $ | 252,593 | $ | 1,214,329 | $ | 903,415 | ||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | $ | 79,256 | $ | 57,287 | $ | 36,653 | ||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | $ | 3,143,773 | $ | 3,621,587 | $ | 3,846,915 | ||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | $ | 14,472,692 | $ | 18,909,158 | $ | 17,682,363 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008 | |||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | $ | 6,634,701 | $ | 5,535,587 | $ | 3,076,353 | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | $ | 4,607,371 | $ | 2,963,749 | $ | 2,042,309 | ||||||
Global Value Fund | $ | 43,086 | $ | 97,403.51 | $ | 336,900 | ||||||
Marsico Global Fund1 | $ | 19,741 | $ | 15,550 | N/A | |||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | $ | 4,199,116 | $ | 7,094,625 | $ | 8,847,436 | ||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | $ | 126,059 | $ | 131,394 | $ | 146,945 | ||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | $ | 2,712,557 | * | $ | 3,912,632 | ** | $ | 4,860,579 | *** | |||
Overseas Value Fund2 | $ | 16,847 | $ | 28,497 | N/A | |||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | $ | 123,678 | $ | 188,373 | $ | 172,836 |
* | This amount includes $220,976 in commissions paid by the portion of the Fund that was subadvised by Causeway and $2,491,581 in commissions paid by the portion of the Fund that is subadvised by Marsico. |
** | This amount includes $829,079 in commissions paid by the portion of the Fund that was subadvised by Causeway and $3,083,553 in commissions paid by the portion of the Fund that is sub-advised by Marsico. |
*** | This amount includes $1,112, 239 in commissions paid by the portion of the Fund that was subadvised by Causeway and $3,748,340 in commissions paid by the portion of the Fund that is sub-advised by Marsico. |
1 | Marsico Global Fund commenced operations in April 2008 and therefore paid no brokerage commissions prior to that date. |
2 | Overseas Value Fund commenced operations on March 31, 2008 and therefore paid no brokerage commissions prior to that date. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||
International Value Fund* | $ | 962,909 | $ | 1,020,816 | $ | 3,079,182 | $ | 3,022,497 | ||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | $ | 3,517,838 | $ | 3,504,058 | $ | 2,410,933 | $ | 3,338,986 | ||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | $ | 6,633,291 | $ | 7,461,288 | $ | 7,365,073 | $ | 3,408,940 | ||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | $ | 8,957,276 | $ | 11,114,481 | $ | 5,108,886 | $ | 3,906,181 | ||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | $ | 1,469,836 | $ | 1,413,250 | $ | 2,688,711 | $ | 2,144,191 |
* | Because the Feeder Fund’s brokerage commissions are paid at the Master Portfolio level, amounts shown are for the Fund’s Master Portfolio. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 | |||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | $ | 21,870 | $ | 41,585 | $ | 28,943 | ||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | $ | 1,099 | — | ||||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | $ | 961 | $ | 12,273 | $ | 1,862 | ||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | $ | 472 | — | ||||||||
High Income Fund | $ | 3,715 | $ | 36,672 | $ | 75,531 | ||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | $ | 8,650 | — | — | ||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | $ | 5,730 | — | — | ||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | $ | 2,180 | — | — | ||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | — | — | — | |||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | $ | 875 | — | ||||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | — | — | — | |||||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | — | — | — | |||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | $ | 1,619 | — | ||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | $ | 34,869 | $ | 10,309 | $ | 8,123 | ||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | — | — | — | |||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | $ | 1,486 | — | ||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | $ | 85,184 | $ | 89,362 | $ | 57,337 | ||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | $ | 1,261 | — |
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Brokerage Commissions Paid by the Funds to Certain Broker/Dealers
The Funds paid brokerage commissions to certain broker/dealers for the three most recently completed fiscal periods/years, as indicated in the following table:
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Broker/Dealer* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2008 | ||||||||||
Global Value Fund | BAS | — | $ | 2,907 | $ | 3,722 | ||||||||
MLPF&S | $ | 2,509 | — | N/A | ||||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | Banc of America Securities LLC (BAS) | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (MLPF&S) | $ | 413,221 | $ | 12,001 | N/A | |||||||||
Marsico Global Value Fund | BAS | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||
MLPF&S | $ | 839 | — | N/A | ||||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | BAS | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||
MLPF&S | $ | 184,099 | $ | 24,106 | N/A | |||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund (Causeway** and Marsico) | BAS | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||
Causeway** | MLPF&S | $ | 33,848 | $ | 11,737 | N/A | ||||||||
Marsico | MLPF&S | $ | 106,469 | $ | 13,484 | N/A |
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid | ||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Broker/Dealer* | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2009 | Fiscal Period Ended February 29, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||
International Value Fund | BAS | — | — | $ | 5,021 | N/A | ||||||||||||
MLPF&S | $ | 12,546 | $ | 40,508 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | BAS | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
MLPF&S | $ | 70,447 | $ | 713 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | BAS | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
MLPF&S | $ | 148,003 | $ | 16,336 | N/A | N/A |
Fund | Broker/Dealer* | Percentage of the Fund’s Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid to the Certain Broker/Dealers During the Most Recent Fiscal Year | Percentage of the Fund’s Aggregate Dollar Amount of Transactions Involving the Payment of Commissions Effected Through the Broker/Dealer During the Most Recent Fiscal Year | |||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | MLPF&S | 2.86 | % | 2.68 | % | |||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | MLPF&S | 1.06 | % | 1.97 | % |
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Fund | Broker/Dealer* | Percentage of the Fund’s Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid to the Certain Broker/Dealers During the Most Recent Fiscal Year | Percentage of the Fund’s Aggregate Dollar Amount of Transactions Involving the Payment of Commissions Effected Through the Broker/Dealer During the Most Recent Fiscal Year | |||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | MLPF&S | 1.65 | % | 2.42 | % | |||||||
Global Value Fund | MLPF&S | 1.5 | % | 5.8 | % | |||||||
Marsico Global Value Fund | MLPF&S | 4.25 | % | 3.59 | % | |||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | MLPF&S | 4.38 | % | 5.55 | % | |||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Causeway** | MLPF&S | 15 | % | 28 | % | |||||||
Marsico | MLPF&S | 4.27 | % | 5.37 | % | |||||||
International Value Fund | MLPF&S | 1.3 | % | 1.3 | % |
* | Prior to May 1, 2010, BAS and MLPF&S (as of January 1, 2009) and other broker-dealers affiliated with BANA were affiliated broker/dealers of the Fund by virtue of being under common control with the Previous Adviser. The affiliation created by this relationship ended on May 1, 2010, when the investment advisory agreement with the Previous Adviser was terminated and the Fund entered into a new investment management services agreement with the Adviser. However, BANA, on behalf of its fiduciary accounts, continues to have investments in certain of the Columbia Funds. The amounts shown include any brokerage commissions paid to BAS and MLPF&S after May 1, 2010. |
** | Causeway served as co-investment subadviser to approximately half of the assets of Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund until July 8, 2009. At that time, the Previous Adviser assumed primary investment management responsibility for that portion of Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund previously subadvised by Causeway. |
The Funds or the Adviser, through an agreement or understanding with a broker/dealer, or otherwise through an internal allocation procedure, may direct, subject to applicable legal requirements, the Funds’ brokerage transactions to a broker/dealer because of the research services it provides the Funds or the Adviser.
During each Fund’s last fiscal year, the Funds directed certain brokerage transactions and paid related commissions in the amounts as follows:
Fund | Amount of Transactions | Related Commissions | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended February 28, 2010 | ||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | $ | 84,141,442 | $ | 19,218 | ||||
Global Value Fund | — | — | ||||||
International Value Fund | — | — | ||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | $ | 3,437,201,420 | $ | 597,376 | ||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | — | — | ||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | — | — | ||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | $ | 2,852,218,744 | $ | 356,068 | ||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | $ | 1,653,516,816 | $ | 2,716,976 | ||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | $ | 874,643,755 | $ | 1,240,638 | ||||
Marsico Global Fund | $ | 2,641,551 | $ | 4,576 | ||||
Marsico Growth Fund | $ | 1,072,612,866 | $ | 1,670,277 | ||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | $ | 1,148,257,498 | $ | 2,071,350 | ||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | — | — | ||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | $ | 4,260,260,243 | $ | 407,393 |
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Fund | Amount of Transactions | Related Commissions | ||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | $ | 730,003,570 | $ | 1,447,999 | ||||
Overseas Value Fund | $ | 8,723,978 | $ | 2,053 | ||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | $ | 680,363,344 | $ | 64,147 | ||||
Small Cap Index Fund | — | — | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | $ | 1,661,955,281 | $ | 199,929 | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended March 31, 2010 | ||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | $ | 764,628 | $ | 604 | ||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | — | — | ||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
High Income Fund | $ | 81,665 | $ | 464 | ||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | — | — | ||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | — | — | ||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | — | — | ||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | — | — | ||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | — | — | ||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | — | — | ||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | — | — |
Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers
In certain cases, the Funds, as part of their principal investment strategies, or otherwise as a permissible investment, will invest in the common stock or debt obligations of the regular broker/dealers that the Adviser uses to transact brokerage for the Funds.
As of each Fund’s fiscal year end, the Funds owned securities of their “regular brokers or dealers” or their parents, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, as shown in the table below:
Investments in Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers
Fund | Broker/Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended February 28, 2010 | ||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 4,440,770 | |||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 9,896,282 | ||||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 10,683,096 | ||||||
Deutsche Bank AG | $ | 18,036,980 | ||||||
Global Value Fund | Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 790,054 | |||||
International Value Fund | None | $ | 0 |
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Fund | Broker/Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||
Large Cap Core Fund | Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 4,523,454 | |||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 35,273,686 | ||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 27,955,380 | ||||
State Street Corp. | $ | 2,792,055 | ||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 5,206,455 | |||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 7,470,660 | ||||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 284,618 | ||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 4,344,860 | ||||
Large Cap Index Fund | Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 21,179,640 | |||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 10,092,695 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 43,572,205 | ||||
State Street Corp. | $ | 5,854,872 | ||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 17,466,643 | ||||
Bank of New York Mellon Corp. | $ | 9,049,225 | ||||
Large Cap Value Fund | Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 71,514,490 | |||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 37,947,188 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 88,368,255 | ||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 24,164,391 | ||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 209,491,338 | |||
State Street Corp. | $ | 76,167,719 | ||||
Jefferies Group, Inc. | $ | 102,963,894 | ||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 112,953,650 | |||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 101,678,956 | ||||
Marsico Global Fund | JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 262,858 | |||
Marsico Growth Fund | Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 136,367,376 | |||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 119,551,041 | ||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 36,296,625 | |||
Mid Cap Index Fund | Jefferies Group, Inc. | $ | 6,256,224 | |||
Mid Cap Value Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | Barclays Capital | $ | 11,847,972 | |||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 22,572,834 | ||||
Overseas Value Fund | Barclays Capital | $ | 144,656 | |||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | None | $ | 0 | |||
Small Cap Index Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Small Cap Value Fund II | None | $ | 0 |
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Fund | Broker/Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended March 31, 2010 | ||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 714,439 | |||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 3,467,919 | ||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 644,830 | ||||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 710,140 | ||||||
Barclays Capital | $ | 193,601 | ||||||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 418,309 | ||||||
Wachovia Corp. | $ | 646,632 | ||||||
UBS Warburg LLC | $ | 326,481 | ||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | Barclays Capital | $ | 138,762 | |||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 86,304 | ||||||
Wells Fargo & Co. | $ | 135,807 | ||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
High Income Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | None | $ | 0 | |||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | None | $ | 0 | |||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | None | $ | 0 | |||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | None | $ | 0 | |||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | None | $ | 0 | |||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 151,287 | |||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 653,143 | ||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 1,294,949 | ||||||
Wells Fargo & Co. | $ | 1,921,226 | ||||||
UBS Warburg LLC | $ | 1,383,094 | ||||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 421,470 | ||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
Short Term Bond Fund | Barclays Capital | $ | 15,359,481 | |||||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 78,017,877 | ||||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 18,335,446 | ||||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 62,171,265 | ||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 10,283,062 | ||||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 17,660,333 | ||||||
Wells Fargo & Co. | $ | 17,312,165 | ||||||
UBS Warburg LLC | $ | 28,990,178 | ||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 |
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Fund | Broker/Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||
Total Return Bond Fund | Barclays Capital | $ | 3,555,138 | |||
Wells Fargo & Co. | $ | 51,378,326 | ||||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 20,592,570 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 40,962,258 | ||||
UBS Warburg LLC | $ | 20,553,415 | ||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 13,233,784 | ||||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 22,018,435 | ||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 15,153,171 | ||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 |
Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments
The Funds, along with the Transfer Agent and/or the Distributor and the Adviser, may pay significant amounts to financial intermediaries (as defined below), including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, for providing the types of services that would typically be provided directly by a mutual fund’s transfer agent. The level of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. A number of factors may be considered in determining payments to a financial intermediary, including, without limitation, the nature of the services provided to shareholders or retirement plan participants that invest in the Funds through retirement plans. These services may include sub-accounting, sub-transfer agency or similar recordkeeping services, shareholder or participant reporting, shareholder or participant transaction processing, and/or the provision of call center support (additional shareholder services). These payments for shareholder servicing support with respect to the Columbia Funds vary by financial intermediary but generally are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.40% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan, and 0.45% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that do not pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan. The Board has authorized each Fund to pay up to 0.15% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares. Such payments will be made by a Fund to the Transfer Agent who will in turn make payments to the financial intermediary for the provision of such additional shareholder services. The Funds’ Transfer Agent, Distributor or their affiliates will pay, from its or their own resources, amounts in excess of the amount paid by the Funds to financial intermediaries in connection with the provision of these additional shareholder services and other services.
For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates.
The Funds also may make additional payments to financial intermediaries that charge networking fees for certain services provided in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts through the NSCC.
In addition, the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may make lump sum payments to selected financial intermediaries receiving shareholder servicing payments in reimbursement of printing costs for literature for participants, account maintenance fees or fees for establishment of the Funds on the financial intermediary’s system or other similar services.
As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates had agreed to make shareholder servicing payments with respect to the Columbia Funds to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
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Recipients of Shareholder Servicing Payments with Respect to the Columbia Funds from the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial Affiliates
• | Acclaim Benefits, Inc. |
• | A.G. Edwards |
• | Alerus Retirement Solutions |
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.* |
• | Bank of America, N.A. |
• | Benefit Plan Administrators |
• | Bisys Retirement Services |
• | Charles Schwab & Co. |
• | Charles Schwab Trust Co. |
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
• | CitiStreet LLC |
• | City National Bank |
• | Compensation & Capital Administrative Services, Inc. |
• | CPI Qualified Plan Consultants |
• | Daily Access Concepts, Inc. |
• | Digital Retirement Solutions |
• | Dreyfus |
• | Edward D. Jones & Co., L.P. |
• | E*Trade Group, Inc. |
• | ExpertPlan |
• | Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Co. |
• | First Clearing LLC |
• | Genworth Financial |
• | GPC Securities, Inc. |
• | Guardian Life Insurance Company |
• | GWFS Equities, Inc. |
• | Hartford Life Insurance Company |
• | Hewitt Associates LLC |
• | ICMA Retirement Corporation |
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company |
• | ING Institutional Plan Services, LLP |
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company (USA) |
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York |
• | JP Morgan Retirement Plan Services LLC |
• | Lincoln Financial Group |
• | LPL Financial Corporation |
• | Marshall & Illsley Trust Company |
• | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company |
• | Matrix Settlement & Clearance Services |
• | Mercer HR Services, LLC |
• | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company |
• | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
• | Mid Atlantic Capital Corporation |
• | Morgan Keegan & Co., Inc. |
• | Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated |
• | MSCS Financial Services, LLC |
• | National Investor Services Corp. |
• | Newport Retirement Services, Inc. |
• | New York State Deferred Compensation Plan |
• | NYLife Distributors LLC |
• | PNC Advisors |
• | Princeton Retirement Group |
• | Principal Life Insurance Company |
• | Prudential Insurance Company of America |
• | Prudential Retirement Insurance & Annuity Co. |
• | Reliance Trust Company |
• | Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc. |
• | Royal Alliance Associates, Inc. |
• | Standard Retirement Services, Inc. |
• | TD Ameritrade Clearing Inc. |
• | TD Ameritrade Trust Company |
• | Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America |
• | The 401k Company |
• | T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
• | The Vanguard Group, Inc. |
• | Unified Trust Company, N.A. |
• | UPromise Investments, Inc. |
• | VALIC Retirement Services |
• | Wachovia Bank, N.A. |
• | Wachovia Securities, LLC |
• | Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. |
• | Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC |
• | Wilmington Trust Corporation |
• | Wilmington Trust Retirement & Institutional Services Company |
* | Ameriprise Financial affiliate |
The Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
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Additional Financial Intermediary Payments
Financial intermediaries may receive different commissions, sales charge reallowances and other payments with respect to sales of different classes of shares of the Funds. These other payments may include servicing payments to retirement plan administrators and other institutions at rates up to those described above under Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment adviser, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates.
The Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may pay additional compensation to selected financial intermediaries, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, under the categories described below. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and a single financial intermediary may receive payments under all categories. A financial intermediary also may receive payments described above in Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. These payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of a Fund to its customers. The amount of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. In determining the amount of payments to be made, the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may consider a number of factors, including, without limitation, asset mix and length of relationship with the financial intermediary, the size of the customer/shareholder base of the financial intermediary, the manner in which customers of the financial intermediary make investments in the Funds, the nature and scope of marketing support or services provided by the financial intermediary (as described more fully below) and the costs incurred by the financial intermediary in connection with maintaining the infrastructure necessary or desirable to support investments in the Funds.
These additional payments by the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates are made pursuant to agreements between the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates and financial intermediaries, and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a share, the amount a Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales or the distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund as shown under the heading Fees and Expenses of the Fund/Portfolio in the Fund’s prospectuses.
Marketing Support Payments
The Distributor and the Adviser may make payments, from their own resources, to certain financial intermediaries, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, for marketing support services relating to the Columbia Funds, including, but not limited to, business planning assistance, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the financial intermediary’s preferred or recommended fund list or otherwise identifying the Funds as being part of a complex to be accorded a higher degree of marketing support than complexes not making such payments, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the financial intermediary, client servicing and systems infrastructure support. These payments are generally based upon one or more of the following factors: average net assets of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, gross sales of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a financial intermediary firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment.
While the financial arrangements may vary for each financial intermediary, the marketing support payments to each financial intermediary generally are expected to be between 0.05% and 0.50% on an annual basis for payments based on average net assets of the Columbia Funds attributable to the financial intermediary, and between 0.05% and 0.25% on an annual basis for firms receiving a payment based on gross sales of the Columbia Funds attributable to the financial intermediary. The Distributor and affiliates may make payments in materially larger amounts or on a basis materially different from those described above when dealing with certain financial intermediaries. Such increased payments may enable the financial intermediaries to offset credits that they may provide to their customers.
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As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or the Adviser had agreed to make marketing support payments with respect to the Columbia Funds to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
Recipients of Marketing Support Payments with Respect to the Columbia Funds from the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial Affiliates
• | AIG Advisor Group |
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.* |
• | AXA Advisors, LLC |
• | Banc of America Investment Services, Inc. |
• | Banc of America Securities LLC |
• | Bank of America, N.A. |
• | Bank of New York |
• | Citibank, N.A. |
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
• | Commonwealth Financial Network |
• | Custodial Trust Company |
• | Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc. |
• | Genworth Financial, Inc. |
• | Goldman, Sachs & Co. |
• | GunAllen Financial, Inc. |
• | Harris Corporation |
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Co. |
• | J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc. |
• | J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp. |
• | Liberty Life Insurance Co. |
• | Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp. |
• | Linsco/Private Ledger Corp. |
• | Mellon Financial Markets, LLC |
• | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company |
• | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
• | Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated |
• | MSCS Financial Services, LLC |
• | National Financial Services LLC |
• | Pershing LLC |
• | Prudential Investment Management Services, LLC |
• | Raymond James & Associates, Inc. |
• | Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. |
• | SEI Investments Inc. |
• | State Street Global Markets, LLC |
• | Transamerica Corporation |
• | UBS Financial Services Inc. |
• | US Bank National Association |
• | Wachovia Securities LLC |
• | Webster Investment Services, Inc. |
• | Wells Fargo Corporate Trust Services |
• | Wells Fargo Funds Management LLC |
• | Wells Fargo Investments, LLC |
* | Ameriprise Financial affiliate |
The Distributor and/or the Adviser may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
Other Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, from its own resources, may provide additional compensation to certain financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Funds to the extent not prohibited by laws or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Such compensation provided by the Distributor may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in and/or present at financial intermediary-sponsored conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other financial intermediary employees, financial intermediary entertainment and other financial intermediary-sponsored events, and travel expenses, including lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with prospecting, retention and due diligence trips. The Distributor makes payments for entertainment events it deems appropriate, subject to the Distributor’s internal guidelines and applicable law. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event.
Your financial intermediary may charge you fees or commissions in addition to those disclosed in this SAI. You should consult with your financial intermediary and review carefully any disclosure your financial intermediary provides regarding its services and compensation. Depending on the financial arrangement in place
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at any particular time, a financial intermediary and its financial consultants may have a financial incentive for recommending a particular fund or a particular share class over other funds or share classes. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information.
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CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Description of the Trust’s Shares
The Funds offer shares in the classes shown in the table below. Subject to certain limited exceptions discussed in each Fund’s prospectuses, a Fund may no longer be accepting new investments from current shareholders or prospective investors. Class B shares of the Funds are closed to new investments, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. Additional Class B shares of the Funds will be issued only in connection with (i) reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions in Class B shares of each Fund by the Fund’s existing Class B shareholders and (ii) exchanges by shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Columbia Fund may exchange those shares for Class B shares of a Fund. The Funds, however, may at any time and without notice, offer any of these classes to the general public for investment.
The Trust’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (Declaration of Trust) permits it to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of each Fund, without par value, and to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of that Fund without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interests in that Fund and to divide such shares into classes. Each share of a class of a Fund represents an equal proportional interest in that Fund with each other share in the same class and is entitled to such distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to that Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Board. However, different share classes of a Fund pay different distribution amounts because each share class has different expenses. Each time a distribution is made, the net asset value per share of the share class is reduced by the amount of the distribution.
Share Classes Offered by the Funds
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares1 | Class C Shares | Class I Shares | Class R Shares | Class R4 Shares | Shares | Class W Shares | Class Y Shares3 | Class Z Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Allocation Fund II | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
High Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
International Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Index Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares1 | Class C Shares | Class I Shares | Class R Shares | Class R4 Shares | Shares | Class W Shares | Class Y Shares3 | Class Z Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marsico 21st Century Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marsico Focused Equities Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marsico Global Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marsico Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marsico International Opportunities Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Masters International Equity Portfolio | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Index Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | 2 | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | 2 | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overseas Value Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short Term Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | 2 | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund II | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Index Fund | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund II | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares1 | Class C Shares | Class I Shares | Class R Shares | Class R4 Shares | Shares | Class W Shares | Class Y Shares3 | Class Z Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü |
1 | Class B shares of the Funds are closed to new investments, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. Additional Class B shares of the Funds will be issued only in connection with (i) reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions in Class B shares of each Fund by the Fund’s existing Class B shareholders and (ii) exchanges by shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Columbia Fund may exchange those shares for Class B shares of a Fund. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds for details. |
2 | Class R4 shares of Mid Cap Value Fund, Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund and Short Term Bond Fund have not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI. |
3 | The Funds also offers Class Y shares, which are included in a different statement of additional information. |
Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares
There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of the Funds’ shares, other than the possible future termination of the Funds. The Funds may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or by liquidation and distribution of their assets. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, the Funds will continue indefinitely.
Shareholder Liability
The Trust is organized under Delaware law, which provides that shareholders of a statutory trust are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability as shareholders of a corporation organized under Delaware law. Effectively, this means that a shareholder of the Funds will not be personally liable for payment of the Funds’ debts except by reason of his or her own conduct or acts. In addition, a shareholder could incur a financial loss on account of the Funds’ obligation only if the Funds had no remaining assets with which to meet such obligation. We believe that the possibility of such a situation arising is extremely remote.
Dividend Rights
The shareholders of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared for the Fund. No shares have priority or preference over any other shares of the Funds with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of the Funds, and will be paid pro rata to all shareholders of each Fund (or class) according to the number of shares of each Fund (or class) held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of income dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of the Funds based upon differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan.
Voting Rights and Shareholder Meetings
Shareholders have the power to vote only as expressly granted under the 1940 Act or under Delaware statutory trust law. Shareholders have no independent right to vote on any matter, including the creation, operation, dissolution or termination of the Trust. Shareholders have the right to vote on other matters only as the Board authorizes. Currently, the 1940 Act requires that shareholders have the right to vote, under certain circumstances, to: (i) elect Trustees; (ii) approve investment advisory agreements and principal underwriting agreements; (iii) approve a change in subclassification of a Fund; (iv) approve any change in fundamental investment policies; (v) approve a distribution plan under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) to terminate the independent accountant. With respect to matters that affect one class but not another, shareholders vote as a
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class; for example, the approval of a distribution plan applicable to that class. Subject to the foregoing, all shares of the Trust have equal voting rights and will be voted in the aggregate, and not by Fund, except where voting by Fund is required by law or where the matter involved only affects one Fund. For example, a change in a Fund’s fundamental investment policy affects only one Fund and would be voted upon only by shareholders of the Fund involved. Additionally, approval of an investment advisory agreement or investment subadvisory agreement, since it only affects one Fund, is a matter to be determined separately by each Fund. Approval by the shareholders of one Fund is effective as to that Fund whether or not sufficient votes are received from the shareholders of the other series to approve the proposal as to those Funds. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each whole share held and a proportional fractional vote for each fractional vote held, on matters on which they are entitled to vote. Fund shareholders do not have cumulative voting rights. The Trust is not required to hold, and has no present intention of holding, annual meetings of shareholders.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or the Funds, shareholders of the Funds are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the relevant class of shares of the Funds that are available for distribution and to a distribution of any general assets not attributable to a particular investment portfolio that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Board may determine.
Preemptive Rights
There are no preemptive rights associated with Fund shares.
Conversion Rights
With the exception of Class B shares, which no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares as described in the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds, shareholders have the right, which is subject to change by the Board, to convert or “exchange” shares of one class for another. Such right is outlined and subject to certain conditions set forth in each Fund’s prospectuses.
Redemptions
Each Fund’s dividend, distribution and redemption policies can be found in its prospectuses under the headings Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares and Distributions and Taxes. However, the Board may suspend the right of shareholders to sell shares when permitted or required to do so by law or compel sales of shares in certain cases.
Sinking Fund Provisions
The Trust has no sinking fund provisions.
Calls or Assessment
All Fund shares are issued in uncertificated form only and when issued will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.
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PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
An investor may buy, sell and exchange shares in the Funds utilizing the methods, and subject to the restrictions, described in the Funds’ prospectuses. The following information supplements information in the Funds’ prospectuses.
The Funds have authorized one or more broker/dealers to accept buy and sell orders on the Funds’ behalf. These broker/dealers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept buy and sell orders on the Funds’ behalf. The Funds will be deemed to have received a buy or sell order when an authorized broker/dealer, or, if applicable, a broker/dealer’s authorized designee, accepts the order. Customer orders will be priced at each Fund’s net asset value next computed after they are accepted by an authorized broker/dealer or the broker’s authorized designee.
The Trust also may make payment for sales in readily marketable securities or other property if it is appropriate to do so in light of the Trust’s responsibilities under the 1940 Act.
Under the 1940 Act, the Funds may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for shares during any period when (i) trading on the NYSE is restricted by applicable rules and regulations of the SEC; (ii) the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (iii) the SEC has by order permitted such suspension; (iv) an emergency exists as determined by the SEC. (The Funds may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of their shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions).
The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, as a result of which each Fund is obligated to redeem shares, subject to the exceptions listed above, with respect to any one shareholder during any 90-day period, solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of each Fund at the beginning of the period.
Tax-Advantaged Retirement Plans (Retirement Plans)
The Transfer Agent maintains prototype tax-qualified plans, including Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans, for individuals, corporations, employees and the self-employed. The minimum initial Retirement Plan investment is $1,000, applied at the plan level. BANA is the custodian/trustee and plan sponsor of the Columbia Management prototype plans offered through the Distributor. In general a $20 annual fee is charged.
Participants in Retirement Plans not sponsored by BANA, not including IRAs, may be subject to an annual fee of $20 unless the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account with the Transfer Agent. Participants in BANA sponsored prototype plans (other than IRAs) who liquidate the total value of their account may also be charged a $20 close-out processing fee payable to the Transfer Agent. The close-out fee applies to plans opened after September 1, 1996. The fee is in addition to any applicable CDSC. The fee will not apply if the participant uses the proceeds to open a Columbia Management IRA Rollover account in any fund distributed by the Distributor, or if the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account.
Consultation with a competent financial advisor regarding these Retirement Plans and consideration of the suitability of fund shares as an investment under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or otherwise is recommended.
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
In addition to the eligible investors described in the prospectuses, the investors listed below can buy Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares, without paying a front-end sales charge:
• | Employees of Bank of America, its affiliates and subsidiaries. |
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• | Employees or partners of Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC and Marsico Capital Management, LLC (or their successors). |
• | Individuals receiving a distribution from a Bank of America trust, fiduciary, custodial or other similar account may use the proceeds of that distribution to buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge, as long as the proceeds are invested in the funds within 90 days of the date of distribution. |
• | Any shareholder who owned shares of any fund of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000 (when all of the then outstanding shares of Columbia Acorn Trust were re-designated Class Z shares) and who since that time has remained a shareholder of any Fund, may buy Class A shares of any Fund without paying a front-end sales charge in those cases where a Columbia Fund Class Z share is not available. |
• | Galaxy Fund shareholders prior to December 1, 1995; and shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Prime A shares without paying a front-end sales charge and received Class A shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Prime A shares were originally bought. |
• | (For Class T shares only) Shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Retail A shares at net asset value and received Class T shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Retail A shares were originally bought; and Boston 1784 Fund shareholders on the date that those funds were reorganized into Galaxy Funds. |
Class I shares are only available to the Funds and are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class R shares and Class R4 shares are offered to certain institutional investors identified in the Fund’s prospectus. Class R shares and Class R4 shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class W shares are offered to qualifying discretionary accounts. Class W shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale from any Columbia Fund Class A, B, C or T shares within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds. In addition, shareholders of the money market fund series of BofA Funds Series Trust, which were formerly referred to as the Columbia Money Market Funds (the Former Columbia Money Market Funds), can also buy Class A shares of the Columbia Funds without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale of shares from a Former Columbia Money Market Fund within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds, provided that the proceeds are from the sale of shares of a Former Columbia Money Market Fund purchased on or before April 30, 2010. To be eligible for these reinstatement privileges the purchase must be made into an account for the same owner, but does not need to be into the same Columbia Fund from which the shares were sold. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request within 90 days after the shares are sold and the purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order.
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. Unless you provide your financial advisor with information in writing about all of the factors that may count toward a waiver of the sales charge, there can be no assurance that you will receive all of the waivers for which you may be eligible. You should request that your financial advisor provide this information to the Fund when placing your purchase order. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible investors, please see the prospectuses.
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Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class T Shares)
In addition to the redemptions eligible for CDSC waivers described in the prospectuses, shareholders won’t pay a CDSC in the following circumstances:
Disability: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales after the sole shareholder on an individual account or a joint tenant on a joint tenant account becomes disabled (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the Code). To be eligible for such a waiver: (i) the disability must arise after the account is opened and (ii) a letter from a physician must be signed under penalty of perjury stating the nature of the disability. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then shares are sold, the applicable CDSC will be charged.*
Health savings accounts: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Bank of America affiliates.*
Medical payments: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on (i) shares sold for medical payments that exceed 7.5% of income and (ii) distributions made to pay for insurance by an individual who has separated from employment and who has received unemployment compensation under a federal or state program for at least twelve weeks.*
Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring pursuant to a SWP established with the Transfer Agent, to the extent that the sales do not exceed, on an annual basis, 12% of the account’s value as long as distributions are reinvested. Otherwise, a CDSC will be charged on SWP sales until this requirement is met.
Qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares (except for Class B shares) sold by certain group retirement plans held in omnibus accounts. However, CDSC may not be waived for Class C shares if the waiver would occur as a result of a plan-level termination.
Redemptions under certain retirement plans and accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with distributions from qualified retirement plans, government (Section 457) plans, individual retirement accounts or custodial accounts under Section 403(b)(7) of the Code, following normal retirement or the attainment of age 59 1/2 for shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010.**
Loans from qualified retirement plans: For Class B shares, and for Class A and Class C shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with loans from qualified retirement plans to shareholders.*
* | Fund investors and selling and/or servicing agents must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
** | For direct trades on non-prototype retirement accounts where the date of birth of the Fund shareholder is not maintained, the shareholder or selling and/or servicing agent must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
Class I shares, Class R shares, Class R4 shares and Class W shares are sold without a CDSC.
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Distributor may, in its sole discretion, authorize the waiver of the CDSC for additional classes of investors. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible redemptions, please see the prospectuses.
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Anti-Money Laundering Compliance
The Funds are required to comply with various anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Consequently, the Funds may request additional required information from you to verify your identity. Your application will be rejected if it does not contain your name, social security number, date of birth and permanent street address. If at any time the Funds believe a shareholder may be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of suspicious persons, the Funds may choose not to establish a new account or may be required to “freeze” a shareholder’s account. The Funds also may be required to provide a governmental agency with information about transactions that have occurred in a shareholder’s account or to transfer monies received to establish a new account, transfer an existing account or transfer the proceeds of an existing account to a governmental agency. In some circumstances, the law may not permit the Funds to inform the shareholder that it has taken the actions described above.
The share price of each Fund is based on each Fund’s net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (which is usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time unless the NYSE closes earlier) on each day the Funds are open for business, unless the Board determines otherwise.
The value of each Fund’s portfolio securities for which a market quotation is available is determined in accordance with the Trust’s valuation procedures. In general terms, the valuation procedures provide that domestic exchange traded securities (other than NASDAQ listed equity securities) generally will be valued at their last traded sale prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. If no sales of those securities are reported on a particular day on the principal exchange, the securities generally will be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. Securities traded on a foreign securities exchange will generally be valued at their last sale prices on the exchange where the securities are primarily traded, or in the absence of a reported sale on a particular day, at their bid prices (in the case of securities held long) or ask prices (in the case of securities held short) as reported by that exchange. Securities traded primarily on NASDAQ will generally be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (NOCP) (which is the last trade price at or before 4:00:02 p.m. (Eastern Time) adjusted up to NASDAQ’s best bid price if the last trade price is below such bid price or adjusted down to NASDAQ’s best ask price if the last trade price is above such ask price). If no NOCP is available, the security will generally be valued at the last sale price shown on NASDAQ prior to the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. If no sale price is shown on NASDAQ, the latest bid price will be used. If no sale price is shown and no latest bid price is available, the price will be deemed “stale” and the value will be determined in accordance with the Funds’ fair valuation procedures.
Securities not traded upon any exchange will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices based upon quotes furnished by the appropriate market makers. If quoted prices are unavailable or are believed to be inaccurate, market values will generally be determined based on quotes obtained from one or more broker(s) or dealer(s) or based on a price obtained from a reputable independent pricing service.
Financial futures will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price. Forward foreign currency contracts will generally be valued using market quotations from a widely used quotation system that reflects the current cost of covering or off-setting the contract. Exchange traded options will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price on their exchange. If there is no reported sale on the valuation date, the options will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices.
Over-the-counter derivatives will generally be valued at fair value in accordance with the Funds’ fair valuation procedures.
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Repurchase agreements will generally be valued at a price equal to the amount of the cash invested in the repurchase agreement at the time of valuation. The market value of the securities underlying a repurchase agreement will be determined in accordance with the procedures above, as appropriate, for the purpose of determining the adequacy of collateral.
Shares of open-end investment companies held in each Fund’s portfolio will generally be valued at the latest net asset value reported by the investment company.
Debt securities will generally be valued by a pricing service which may employ a matrix or other indications of value, including but not limited to broker quotes, to determine valuations for normal institutional size trading units. The matrix can take into account various factors including, without limitation, bids, yield spreads, and/or other market data and specific security characteristics (e.g., credit quality, maturity and coupon rate). Debt securities for which a pricing service does not furnish valuations and for which market quotations are readily available will generally be valued based on the mean of the latest bid prices obtained from one or more dealers. Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less will, absent unusual circumstances, be valued at amortized cost.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available for any reason, including that the latest quotation is deemed unreliable or unreasonable, securities and other assets and liabilities are valued at “fair value” as determined in good faith by the Adviser’s valuation committee. In general, any one or more of the following factors may be taken into account in determining fair value: the fundamental analytical data relating to the security; the value of other financial instruments, including derivative securities, traded on other markets or among dealers; trading volumes on markets, exchanges, or among dealers; values of baskets of securities traded on other markets; changes in interest rates; observations from financial institutions; government (domestic or foreign) actions or pronouncements; other news events; information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies; nature and expected duration of the event, if any, giving rise to the valuation issue; pricing history of the security; the relative size of the position in the portfolio; and other relevant information.
With respect to securities traded on foreign markets, the following factors also may be relevant: the value of foreign securities traded on other foreign markets; ADR trading; closed-end fund trading; foreign currency exchange activity; and the trading of financial products that are tied to baskets of foreign securities, such as World Equity Benchmark Shares™.
The Board has determined, and the valuation procedures provide, that in certain circumstances it may be necessary to use an alternative valuation method, such as in-kind redemptions with affiliated benefit plans where the Department of Labor requires that valuation to be done in accordance with Rule 17a-7 of the 1940 Act.
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The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Funds’ prospectuses entitled “Distributions and Taxes.” The prospectuses generally describe the U.S. federal income tax treatment of distributions by the Funds. This section of the SAI provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as in effect as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. Except as specifically set forth below, the following discussion does not address any state, local or foreign tax matters.
A shareholder’s tax treatment may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion applies only to shareholders holding Fund shares as capital assets within the meaning of the Code. Except as otherwise noted, it may not apply to certain types of shareholders who may be subject to special rules, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders holding Fund shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) Plan Accounts or Individual Retirement Accounts), financial institutions, broker-dealers, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, persons who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States, shareholders holding Fund shares as part of a hedge, straddle, or conversion transaction, and shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.
The Trust has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the IRS as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion and the discussions in the prospectuses applicable to each shareholder address only some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Funds. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors and financial planners regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in a Fund, the application of state, local, or foreign laws, and the effect of any possible changes in applicable tax laws on their investment in the Funds.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
It is intended that each Fund qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. Each Fund will be treated as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund, even though each Fund is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gains, losses, and expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, each Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year generally from (i) dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income attributable to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) and (ii) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, as defined below. In general, for purposes of this 90% gross income requirement, income derived from a partnership (other than a qualified publicly traded partnership) will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (y) that derives at least 90% of its income from the passive income sources defined in Code Section 7704(d), and (z) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in clause (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. Certain of a Fund’s investments in master limited partnerships (MLPs), if any, may
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qualify as interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules do not apply to a regulated investment company, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
Each Fund must also diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the fair market value of its total assets consists of (A) cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and (B) securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (A)) to the extent such securities do not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and are not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of the securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (i)(A)), the securities of two or more issuers the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, for purposes of meeting this diversification requirement, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” includes the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership and in the case of a Fund’s investments in loan participations, the Fund shall treat both the financial intermediary and the issuer of the underlying loan as an issuer. The qualifying income and diversification requirements described above may limit the extent to which a Fund can engage in certain derivative transactions, as well as the extent to which it can invest in MLPs.
In addition, each Fund generally must distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for the taxable year, which generally includes its ordinary income and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income (if any) for the taxable year.
If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any of the investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) it distributes to its shareholders (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). Each Fund generally intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and substantially all of its net capital gain. However, no assurance can be given that a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation. Any investment company taxable income retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates.
In addition, although each Fund generally intends to distribute all of its net capital gain, a Fund may determine to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of a Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.
In determining its net capital gain for Capital Gain Dividend purposes, a regulated investment company generally must treat any net capital loss or any net long-term capital loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year. Treasury Regulations generally permit a regulated investment company, in determining its taxable income, to elect to treat all or part of any net capital loss, any net long-term capital loss or any foreign currency loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year.
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In order to comply with the distribution requirements described above applicable to regulated investment companies, a Fund generally must make the distributions in the same taxable year that it realizes the income and gain, although in certain circumstances, a Fund may make the distributions in the following taxable year in respect of income and gains from the prior taxable year. Shareholders generally are taxed on any distributions from a Fund in the year they are actually distributed. If a Fund declares a distribution to shareholders of record in October, November or December of one calendar year and pays the distribution by January 31 of the following calendar year, however, the Fund and its shareholders will be treated as if the Fund paid the distribution by December 31 of the earlier year.
If, for any taxable year, a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment under the Code, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation without any deduction for its distributions to shareholders, and all distributions from the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (including any distributions of its net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains) to its shareholders will be taxable to shareholders as dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company.
Excise Tax
If a Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for that year (excluding capital gains and losses) and 98% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for net ordinary losses) for the 1-year period ending on October 31 of that year (or November 30 or December 31 of that year if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects), and any of its ordinary income and capital gain net income from previous years that were not distributed during such years, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, a Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. Each Fund generally intends to actually distribute or be deemed to have distributed substantially all of its ordinary income and capital gain net income, if any, by the end of each calendar year and, thus, expects not to be subject to the excise tax. However, no assurance can be given that a Fund will not be subject to the excise tax. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, if the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by a Fund).
Capital Loss Carryforwards
Subject to certain limitations, a Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any year to offset its capital gains, if any, realized during the eight years following the year of the loss. A Fund’s capital loss carryforward is treated as a short-term capital loss in the year to which it is carried. If future capital gains are offset by carried forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to fund-level U.S. federal income taxation, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. Accordingly, the Funds do not expect to distribute any such offsetting capital gains. The Funds cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.
Equalization Accounting
Each Fund may use the so-called “equalization method” of accounting to allocate a portion of its “accumulated earnings and profits,” which generally equals a Fund’s undistributed net investment income and realized capital gains, with certain adjustments, to redemption proceeds. This method permits a Fund to achieve more balanced distributions for both continuing and redeeming shareholders. Although using this method generally will not affect a Fund’s total returns, it may reduce the amount of income and gains that the Fund would otherwise distribute to continuing shareholders by reducing the effect of redemptions of Fund shares on Fund distributions to shareholders. The IRS has not sanctioned the particular equalization method used by the Funds, and thus a Fund’s use of this method may be subject to IRS scrutiny.
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Investment through Master Portfolios
Some Funds seek to continue to qualify as regulated investment companies by investing their assets through one or more Master Portfolios. Each Master Portfolio will be treated as a non-publicly traded partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes rather than as a regulated investment company or a corporation under the Code. Under the rules applicable to a non-publicly traded partnership, a proportionate share of any interest, dividends, gains and losses of a Master Portfolio will be deemed to have been realized (i.e., “passed through”) to its investors, including the corresponding Fund, regardless of whether any amounts are actually distributed by the Master Portfolio. Each investor in a Master Portfolio will be taxed on such share, as determined in accordance with the governing instruments of the particular Master Portfolio, the Code and Treasury Regulations, in determining such investor’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Therefore, to the extent a Master Portfolio were to accrue but not distribute any income or gains, the corresponding Fund would be deemed to have realized its proportionate share of such income or gains without receipt of any corresponding distribution. However, each of the Master Portfolios will seek to minimize recognition by its investors (such as a corresponding Fund) of income and gains without a corresponding distribution. Furthermore, each Master Portfolio intends to manage its assets, income and distributions in such a way that an investor in a Master Portfolio will be able to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company by investing its assets through the Master Portfolio.
Taxation of Fund Investments
In general, realized gains or losses on the sale of securities held by a Fund will be treated as capital gains or losses, and long-term capital gains or losses if the Fund has held or is deemed to have held the securities for more than one year at the time of disposition.
If a Fund purchases a debt obligation with original issue discount (OID) (generally a debt obligation with an issue price less than its stated principal amount, such as a zero-coupon bond), the Fund may be required to annually include in its income a portion of the OID as ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive cash payments for such discount until maturity or disposition of the obligation. Inflation-protected bonds generally can be expected to produce OID income as their principal amounts are adjusted upward for inflation. In general, gains recognized on the disposition of (or the receipt of any partial payment of principal on) a debt obligation (including a municipal obligation) purchased by a Fund at a market discount, generally at a price less than its principal amount, will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of market discount which accrued, but was not previously recognized pursuant to an available election, during the term that the Fund held the debt obligation. A Fund generally will be required to make distributions to shareholders representing the OID or market discount (if an election is made by the Fund to accrue market discount over the holding period of the applicable debt obligation) on debt securities that is currently includible in income, even though the cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund. Cash to pay such distributions may be obtained from borrowing or from sales proceeds of securities held by a Fund which the Fund otherwise might have continued to hold; obtaining such cash might be disadvantageous for the Fund.
In addition, payment-in-kind securities similarly will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though a Fund receives no cash interest payment on the security during the year. A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations (such as high-yield corporate debt securities) may not (and interest paid on debt obligations owned by a Fund that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.
If a Fund invests in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default, special tax issues may exist for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether a Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation and, if so, the amount of market discount the Fund should recognize, when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or
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worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
If an option granted by a Fund is sold, lapses or is otherwise terminated through a closing transaction, such as a repurchase by the Fund of the option from its holder, the Fund generally will realize a short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund in the closing transaction. Some capital losses realized by a Fund in the sale, exchange, exercise or other disposition of an option may be deferred if they result from a position that is part of a “straddle,” discussed below. If securities are sold by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a covered call option granted by it, the Fund generally will add the premium received to the sale price of the securities delivered in determining the amount of gain or loss on the sale. If securities are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased.
Some regulated futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity, listed options that may be used by a Fund will be deemed “Section 1256 contracts.” A Fund will be required to “mark to market” any such contracts held at the end of the taxable year by treating them as if they had been sold on the last day of that year at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on all dispositions of Section 1256 contracts, including deemed dispositions under the “mark-to-market” rule, generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the remaining 40% will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss as described below. These provisions may require a Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule and the “60%/40%” rule and may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on certain futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity options.
Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by a Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts and similar instruments relating to foreign currency, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. Under future Treasury Regulations, any such transactions that are not directly related to a Fund’s investments in stock or securities (or its options contracts or futures contracts with respect to stock or securities) may have to be limited in order to enable the Fund to satisfy the 90% qualifying income test described above. If the net foreign exchange loss exceeds a Fund’s net investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year, the resulting ordinary loss for such year will not be available as a carryforward and thus cannot be deducted by the Fund or its shareholders in future years.
Offsetting positions held by a Fund involving certain derivative instruments, such as forward, futures and options contracts, may be considered, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to constitute “straddles.” “Straddles” are defined to include “offsetting positions” in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment of “straddles” is governed by Section 1092 of the Code which, in certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Section 1256. If a Fund is treated as entering into a “straddle” and at least one (but not all) of the Fund’s positions in derivative contracts comprising a part of such straddle is governed by Section 1256 of the Code, described above, then such straddle could be characterized as a “mixed straddle.” A Fund may make one or more elections with respect to “mixed straddles.” Depending upon which election is made, if any, the results with respect to a Fund may differ. Generally, to the extent the straddle rules apply to positions established by a Fund, losses realized by the Fund may be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in any offsetting positions. Moreover, as a result of the straddle rules, short-term capital loss on straddle positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gain may be characterized as short-term capital gain. In addition, the existence of a straddle may affect the holding period of the offsetting positions. As a result, the straddle rules
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could cause distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the applicable holding period requirements (as described below). Furthermore, the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense and carrying charges applicable to a position that is part of a straddle, including any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry any positions that are part of a straddle. The application of the straddle rules to certain offsetting Fund positions can therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, and may result in significant differences from the amount, timing and character of distributions that would have been made by the Fund if it had not entered into offsetting positions in respect of certain of its portfolio securities.
If a Fund enters into a “constructive sale” of any appreciated financial position in stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt instruments, the Fund will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to that position. A constructive sale of an appreciated financial position occurs when a Fund enters into certain offsetting transactions with respect to the same or substantially identical property, including, but not limited to: (i) a short sale; (ii) an offsetting notional principal contract; (iii) a futures or forward contract; or (iv) other transactions identified in future Treasury Regulations. The character of the gain from constructive sales will depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the appreciated financial position. Losses realized from a sale of a position that was previously the subject of a constructive sale will be recognized when the position is subsequently disposed of. The character of such losses will depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the position beginning with the date the constructive sale was deemed to have occurred and the application of various loss deferral provisions in the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not apply to certain closed transactions, including if such a transaction is closed on or before the 30th day after the close of the Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged throughout the 60-day period beginning with the day such transaction was closed.
The amount of long-term capital gain a Fund may recognize from certain derivative transactions with respect to interests in certain pass-through entities is limited under the Code’s constructive ownership rules. The amount of long-term capital gain is limited to the amount of such gain the Fund would have had if the Fund directly invested in the pass-through entity during the term of the derivative contract. Any gain in excess of this amount is treated as ordinary income. An interest charge is imposed on the amount of gain that is treated as ordinary income.
If a Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Similar consequences may apply to repurchase and other derivative transactions. Similarly, to the extent that a Fund makes distributions of income received by such Fund in lieu of tax-exempt interest with respect to securities on loan, such distributions will not constitute exempt-interest dividends (defined below) to shareholders.
In addition, a Fund’s transactions in securities and certain types of derivatives (e.g., options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swap agreements) may be subject to other special tax rules, such as the wash-sale rules or the short-sale rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, and/or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
Certain of a Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, as well as any of its foreign currency transactions and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If a Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt
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income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If a Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
Rules governing the U.S. federal income tax aspects of derivatives, including swap agreements, are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain respects. Accordingly, while each Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid fund-level tax. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for a Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which a Fund will be able to engage in certain derivatives transactions.
Any investment by a Fund in equity securities of a REIT may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in equity securities of a REIT or another regulated investment company also may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income and will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction.
A Fund may invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under an IRS notice, and Treasury Regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Fund’s income (including income allocated to the Fund from a REIT, a regulated investment company or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt shareholders, as noted under “Tax-Exempt Shareholders” below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or certain other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax.
Some amounts received by a Fund from its investments in MLPs will likely be treated as returns of capital because of accelerated deductions available with respect to the activities of MLPs. On the disposition of an investment in such an MLP, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of economic gain from that asset (or if a Fund does not dispose of the MLP, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of cash flow received by the Fund from the MLP in a later period), and the Fund must take such income into account in determining whether the Fund has satisfied its regulated investment company distribution requirements. The Fund may have to borrow or liquidate securities to satisfy its distribution requirements and meet its redemption requests, even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for the Fund to borrow money or sell securities at the time. In addition, distributions attributable to gain from the sale of MLPs that are characterized as ordinary income under the Code’s recapture provisions will be taxable to Fund shareholders as ordinary income.
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“Passive foreign investment companies” (PFICs) are generally defined as foreign corporations where at least 75% of their gross income for their taxable year is income from passive sources (such as certain interest, dividends, rents and royalties, or capital gains) or at least 50% of their assets on average produce such passive income. If a Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and interest charges on “excess distributions” received from the PFIC or on gain from the sale of such equity interest in the PFIC, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. Excess distributions and gain from the sale of interests in PFICs may be characterized as ordinary income even though, absent the application of PFIC rules, these amounts may otherwise have been classified as capital gain.
A Fund will not be permitted to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for these special taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to a PFIC. Elections may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections would require a Fund to include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC (in the case of a “QEF election”), or to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in its interests in the PFIC “to the market” as though the Fund had sold and repurchased such interests on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year, treating such gains and losses as ordinary income and loss (in the case of a “mark-to-market election”). The QEF and mark-to-market elections may require a Fund to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require a Fund to liquidate other investments prematurely to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return. Each Fund may attempt to limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to minimize tax liability and/or maximize returns from these investments but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC in advance of acquiring shares in the corporation, a Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income, as defined below.
In addition to the investments described above, prospective shareholders should be aware that other investments made by a Fund may involve complex tax rules that may result in income or gain recognition by the Fund without corresponding current cash receipts. Although each Fund seeks to avoid significant noncash income, such noncash income could be recognized by a Fund, in which case the Fund may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above. In this regard, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate investments prematurely in order to satisfy its minimum distribution requirements, which may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return.
Taxation of Distributions
Except for exempt-interest dividends (defined below) paid by a Fund, distributions paid out of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund, generally are deemed to be taxable distributions and must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file a U.S. federal income tax return. Dividends and distributions on a Fund’s shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Fund’s earnings and profits, described above, are determined at the end of the Fund’s taxable year and are allocated pro rata to distributions paid over the entire year. Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares and then as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but
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it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of his or her shares. A Fund may make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits to a limited extent, from time to time.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income (except for exempt-interest dividends, defined below) are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain (to the extent such distributions do not exceed the Fund’s actual net long-term capital gain for the taxable year), regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares, and do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income (defined below). Each Fund will designate Capital Gain Dividends, if any, in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.
Some states will not tax distributions made to individual shareholders that are attributable to interest a Fund earns on direct obligations of the U.S. government if the Fund meets the state’s minimum investment or reporting requirements, if any. Investments in GNMA or FNMA securities, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for tax-free treatment. This exemption may not apply to corporate shareholders.
Sales and Exchanges of Fund Shares
If a shareholder sells or exchanges his or her Fund shares, he or she generally will realize a taxable capital gain or loss on the difference between the amount received for the shares (or deemed received in the case of an exchange) and his or her tax basis in the shares. This gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if he or she has held (or is deemed to have held) such Fund shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange, and short-term capital gain or loss otherwise.
If a shareholder sells or exchanges Fund shares within 90 days of having acquired such shares and if, as a result of having initially acquired those shares, he or she subsequently pays a reduced sales charge on a new purchase of shares of the Fund or a different regulated investment company, the sales charge previously incurred in acquiring the Fund’s shares generally shall not be taken into account (to the extent the previous sales charges do not exceed the reduction in sales charges on the new purchase) for the purpose of determining the amount of gain or loss on the disposition, but generally will be treated as having been incurred in the new purchase. Also, if a shareholder realizes a loss on a disposition of Fund shares, the loss will be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that he or she purchases substantially identical shares within the 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. Any disallowed loss generally will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the purchased shares.
If a shareholder receives a Capital Gain Dividend or is deemed to receive a distribution of long-term capital gain with respect to any Fund share and such Fund share is held or treated as held for six months or less, then (unless otherwise disallowed) any loss on the sale or exchange of that Fund share will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the Capital Gain Dividend or deemed long-term capital gain distribution. If shares of a Fund are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends (defined below) received on those shares.
Foreign Taxes
Amounts realized by a Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to file an annual election with the IRS
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pursuant to which the Fund may pass through to its shareholders on a pro rata basis foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund with respect to foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum holding periods specified in the Code and such taxes may be claimed, subject to certain limitations, either as a tax credit or deduction by the shareholders. A Fund that invests primarily or exclusively in other regulated investment companies would not be eligible for this election, even if the underlying regulated investment companies were eligible and did make the election.
Certain Funds may qualify for and make the election; however, even if a Fund qualifies for the election for any year, it may determine not to make the election for such year. If a Fund does not so qualify or qualifies but does not so elect, then shareholders will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by or withheld from payments to the Fund. A Fund will notify its shareholders within 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year if it has elected for the foreign taxes paid by it to “pass through” for that year.
In general, if a Fund makes the election, the Fund itself will not be permitted to claim a credit or deduction for foreign taxes paid in that year, and the Fund’s dividends-paid deduction will be increased by the amount of foreign taxes paid that year. Fund shareholders generally shall include their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund in their gross income and treat that amount as paid by them for the purpose of the foreign tax credit or deduction, provided that any applicable holding period and other requirements have been met. If a shareholder claims a credit for foreign taxes paid, in general, the credit will be subject to certain limits. A deduction for foreign taxes paid may be claimed only by shareholders that itemize their deductions.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Rates
As of the date of this SAI, the maximum stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to individuals generally is 35% for ordinary income and 15% for net long-term capital gain. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced — in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets — for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, U.S. federal income tax law also provides for a maximum individual U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” equal to the highest net long-term capital gain rate, which, as described above, generally is 15%. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. In general, “qualified dividend income” is income attributable to dividends received by a Fund from certain domestic and foreign corporations, as long as certain holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund with respect to the dividend-paying corporation’s stock and by the shareholders with respect to the Fund’s shares. If 95% or more of a Fund’s gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) constitutes qualified dividend income, all of its distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be generally treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of individual shareholders, as long as they have owned their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund’s ex-dividend date (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date) and meet certain other requirements specified in the Code. In general, if less than 95% of a Fund’s income is attributable to qualified dividend income, then only the portion of the Fund’s distributions that is attributable to qualified dividend income and designated as such in a timely manner will be so treated in the hands of individual shareholders who meet the aforementioned holding period requirements. The rules regarding the qualification of Fund distributions as qualified dividend income are complex, including the holding period requirements. Individual Fund shareholders therefore are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners. Fixed income funds typically do not distribute significant amounts of qualified dividend income.
The maximum stated corporate U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and net capital gain is 35%. Actual marginal tax rates may be higher for some shareholders, for example, through reductions in deductions. Naturally, the amount of tax payable by any taxpayer will be affected by a combination of tax laws
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covering, for example, deductions, credits, deferrals, exemptions, sources of income and other matters. U.S. federal income tax rates are set to increase in future years under various “sunset” provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws.
Backup Withholding
Each Fund generally is required to withhold, and remit to the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain exemptions, an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds (including proceeds from exchanges and redemptions in-kind) paid or credited to a Fund shareholder if (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with a correct “taxpayer identification number” (TIN) or has not certified to the Fund that withholding does not apply or (2) the IRS notifies the Fund that the shareholder’s TIN is incorrect or the shareholder is otherwise subject to backup withholding. These backup withholding rules may also apply to distributions that are properly designated as exempt-interest dividends (defined below). This backup withholding is not an additional tax imposed on the shareholder. The shareholder may apply amounts required to be withheld as a credit against his or her future U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can also be subject to IRS penalties. Unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise, the rate of backup withholding is set to increase to 31% for amounts distributed or paid after December 31, 2010.
Tax-Deferred Plans
The shares of a Fund may be available for a variety of tax-deferred retirement and other tax-advantaged plans and accounts. Prospective investors should contact their tax advisors and financial planners regarding the tax consequences to them of holding Fund shares through such plans and/or accounts.
Corporate Shareholders
Subject to limitations and other rules, a corporate shareholder of a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction on Fund distributions attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations, which, if received directly by the corporate shareholder, would qualify for such a deduction. For eligible corporate shareholders, the dividends-received deduction may be subject to certain reductions, and a distribution by a Fund attributable to dividends of a domestic corporation will be eligible for the deduction only if certain holding period and other requirements are met. These requirements are complex; therefore, corporate shareholders of the Funds are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners.
As discussed above, a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations that a Fund may own may not be deductible to the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on these obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend. In such cases, if the issuer of the obligation is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the dividend portion of such interest.
Foreign Shareholders
For purposes of this discussion, “foreign shareholders” generally include: (i) nonresident alien individuals, (ii) foreign trusts (i.e., a trust other than a trust with respect to which a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over administration of that trust and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control substantial decisions of that trust), (iii) foreign estates (i.e., the income of which is not subject to U.S. tax regardless of source), and (iv) foreign corporations.
Generally, unless an exception applies, dividend distributions made to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends and exempt-interest dividends (defined below) will be subject to non-refundable U.S. federal income tax withholding at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income
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tax treaty) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding. However, generally, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010, distributions made to foreign shareholders and properly designated by a Fund as “interest-related dividends” were exempt from U.S. federal income tax withholding. The exemption for interest-related dividends did not apply to any distribution to a foreign shareholder (i) to the extent that the dividend was attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder was the issuer or was a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (ii) that was within certain foreign countries that had inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iii) to the extent the dividend was attributable to interest paid by a person that was a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder was a controlled foreign corporation. Interest-related dividends were generally attributable to the Fund’s net U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder. In order to qualify as an interest-related dividend, the Fund was required to designate a distribution as such in a written notice mailed to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a distribution described above is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the recipient foreign shareholder, U.S. federal income tax withholding will not apply. Instead, the distribution will be subject to the tax, reporting and withholding requirements generally applicable to U.S. persons, and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the recipient foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation.
In general, a foreign shareholder’s capital gains realized on the disposition of Fund shares and distributions properly designated as Capital Gain Dividends are not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, unless: (i) such gains or distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the foreign shareholder; (ii) in the case of an individual foreign shareholder, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the disposition of Fund shares or the receipt of Capital Gain Dividends and certain other conditions are met; or (iii) the Fund shares on which the foreign shareholder realized gain constitute U.S. real property interests (USRPIs, defined below) or, in certain cases, the distributions are attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI, as discussed below. If the requirements of clause (i) are met, the tax, reporting and withholding requirements applicable to U.S. persons generally will apply to the foreign shareholder and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation. If the requirements of clause (i) are not met, but the requirements of clause (ii) are met, such gains and distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income tax treaty). Please see below for a discussion of the tax implications to foreign shareholders in the event that clause (iii) applies. With respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2010, distributions to a foreign shareholder attributable to a Fund’s net short-term capital gain in excess of its net long-term capital loss and designated as such by the Fund in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year (“short-term capital gain dividends”) were generally not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above applied to such distribution.
It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend the exemptions from withholding for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends with respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning on or after January 1, 2010 and what the terms of any such extension would be. Even if permitted to do so, each Fund provides no assurance that it would designate any distributions as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends.
In the case of shares held through an intermediary, even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment, no assurance can be made that the intermediary will respect such a designation, and an intermediary may withhold even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
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Special rules apply to distributions to foreign shareholders from a Fund if it is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions from USRPI treatment for interests in domestically controlled REITs or regulated investment companies and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs or regulated investment companies. Additionally, special rules apply to the sale of shares in a Fund if it is a USRPHC. Generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs — defined generally as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHC — the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States and other assets. If a Fund holds (directly or indirectly) significant interests in REITs, it may be a USRPHC.
If a Fund is a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for certain of the above-mentioned exceptions, amounts the Fund receives from REITs derived from gains realized from USRPIs generally will retain their character as such in the hands of the Fund’s foreign shareholders. In the hands of a foreign shareholder that holds (or has held in the prior 12 months) more than a 5% interest in any class of the Fund, such amounts generally will be treated as gains “effectively connected” with the conduct of a “U.S. trade or business,” and subject to tax at graduated rates. Moreover, such shareholder generally will be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year recognized, and the Fund must withhold 35% of the amount of such distribution. Otherwise, in the case of all other foreign shareholders (i.e., those whose interest in any class of the Fund did not exceed 5% at any time during the prior 12 months), such amounts generally will be treated as ordinary income (regardless of any designation by the Fund that such distribution is a Capital Gain Dividend), and the Fund must withhold 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) of the amount of the distribution paid to such shareholders. If a Fund is subject to the rules of this paragraph, its foreign shareholders may also be subject to “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the foregoing tax-filing and payment obligations through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares. Prior to January 1, 2010, if a Fund was a USRPHC or would have been a USRPHC but for certain of the above-mentioned exceptions, similar rules generally also applied to any non-REIT USRPI gains recognized by the Fund directly or indirectly through certain lower-tier regulated investment companies. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend such application for distributions made on or after January 1, 2010 and what the terms of any such extension would be.
In addition, if a Fund is a USRPHC, it generally must withhold 10% of the amount realized in redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, and that shareholder must file a U.S. income tax return for the year of the disposition of the USRPI and pay any additional tax due on the gain. Prior to January 1, 2010, such withholding generally was not required with respect to amounts paid in redemption of shares of a Fund if it was a domestically controlled USRPHC, or, in certain limited cases, if the Fund (whether or not domestically controlled) held substantial investments in regulated investment companies that were domestically controlled USRPHCs. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this exemption from withholding for redemptions made on or after January 1, 2010 and what the terms of any such extension would be. Unless and until such legislation is enacted, beginning on January 1, 2010, withholding is required in respect of amounts paid in redemption of shares of a Fund by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder if the Fund is a USRPHC, without regard to whether the Fund or any regulated investment company in which it invests is domestically controlled.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its foreign status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. In addition, additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and foreign estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
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If a Fund qualifies and makes an election to pass through foreign taxes to its shareholders, as described earlier, foreign shareholders of the Fund generally will be subject to increased U.S. federal income taxation without a corresponding benefit for the pass-through of foreign taxes.
A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Under current law, a Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) UBTI from being realized by tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
It is possible that a tax-exempt shareholder will also recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes excess inclusion income (as described above) derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Furthermore, any investment in residual interests of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT, as defined in Section 664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a Fund to the extent that it recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund and the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which the IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. Each Fund has not yet determined whether such an election will be made. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in a Fund.
Shareholder Reporting Requirements Regarding Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts and Other Foreign Financial Assets
Effective for taxable years beginning after March 18, 2010, certain individuals (and, if provided in future guidance, certain domestic entities) must disclose annually their interests in “specified foreign financial assets” on their U.S. federal income tax returns. It is currently unclear under what circumstances, if any, a shareholder’s (indirect) interest in a Fund’s “specified foreign financial assets,” if any, falls within this requirement. In addition, shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of a Fund by vote or value could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund’s “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on Treasury Department Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor regarding the applicability to them of both of these reporting requirements.
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Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
New rules enacted in March 2010 require the reporting to the IRS of direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts and foreign entities by U.S. persons. Failure, including by a U.S. person, to provide this required information can result in a 30% withholding tax on certain payments (“withholdable payments”) made after December 31, 2012. Withholdable payments include U.S.-source dividends and interest, and gross proceeds from the sale or other disposal of property that can produce U.S.-source dividends or interest.
The IRS has issued only limited guidance with respect to these new rules; their scope remains unclear and potentially subject to material change. Very generally, it appears that any distribution made by a Fund after December 31, 2012 (or such later date as may be provided in future guidance) to a shareholder, including a distribution in redemption of shares and a distribution of income or gains otherwise exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to non-U.S. shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends), will be subject to the new 30% withholding requirement. Payments to a foreign shareholder that is a “foreign financial institution” will generally be subject to withholding, unless such shareholder enters into an agreement with the IRS. Payments to shareholders that are U.S. persons or foreign individuals will generally not be subject to withholding, so long as such shareholders provide a Fund with such certifications or other documentation as the Fund requires to comply with the new rules. Persons investing in a Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary regarding the application of the new reporting and withholding regime to their investments in the Fund.
Shareholders are urged to consult a tax advisor regarding this new reporting and withholding regime, in light of their particular circumstances.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury Regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to Tax-Exempt Funds
If, at the close of each quarter of a regulated investment company’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of obligations the interest on which is exempt from U.S. federal income tax under Section 103(a) of the Code, then the regulated investment company may qualify to pay “exempt-interest dividends” and pass through to its shareholders the tax-exempt character of its income from such obligations. Tax-exempt funds intends to so qualify and are designed to provide shareholders with a high level of income in the form of exempt-interest dividends, which are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax.
Distributions of capital gains or income not attributable to interest on tax-exempt funds’ tax-exempt obligations will not constitute exempt-interest dividends and will be taxable to shareholders as described earlier.
Not later than 60 days after the close of a tax-exempt fund’s taxable year, the tax-exempt fund will notify its shareholders of the portion of the distributions for the taxable year which constitutes exempt-interest dividends. In general, if an amount of the tax-exempt fund’s distribution designated as an exempt-interest dividend exceeds the fund’s net-exempt interest, the amount so qualifying as tax-exempt will be scaled back ratably to the amount of its net-exempt income. In such a case, each tax-exempt fund shareholder must proportionately reduce the
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amount of the dividend it treats as tax-exempt, and will generally include the excess income as a taxable dividend to the extent of certain disallowed deductions and thereafter as a return of capital. The deductibility of interest paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of a tax-exempt fund may be limited. The portion of such interest that is non-deductible generally equals the amount of such interest times the ratio of a tax-exempt fund’s exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder to all of the tax-exempt fund’s dividends received by the shareholder (excluding Capital Gain Dividends and any capital gains required to be included in the shareholder’s long term capital gains in respect of capital gains retained by the tax-exempt fund, as described earlier).
Although exempt-interest dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax, there may not be a similar exemption under the laws of a particular state or local taxing jurisdiction. Thus, exempt-interest dividends may be subject to state and local taxes; however, tax-exempt funds invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal bonds that pay interest that is exempt not only from U.S. federal income tax, but also from the applicable state’s personal income tax (but not necessarily local taxes or taxes of other states). You should consult your tax advisor to discuss the tax consequences of your investment in a tax-exempt fund.
Tax-exempt interest on certain “private activity bonds” has been designated as a “tax preference item” and must be added back to taxable income for purposes of calculating U.S. federal alternative minimum tax (AMT). To the extent that a tax-exempt fund invests in certain private activity bonds, its shareholders will be required to report that portion of a tax-exempt fund’s distributions attributable to income from the bonds as a tax preference item in determining their U.S. federal AMT, if any. Shareholders will be notified of the tax status of distributions made by a tax-exempt fund. Persons who may be “substantial users” (or “related persons” of substantial users) of facilities financed by private activity bonds should consult their tax advisors before purchasing shares in a tax-exempt fund. In addition, exempt-interest dividends paid by a tax-exempt fund to a corporate shareholder are, with very limited exceptions, included in the shareholder’s “adjusted current earnings” as part of its U.S. federal AMT calculation. As of the date of this SAI, individuals are subject to the U.S. federal AMT at a maximum rate of 28% and corporations at a maximum rate of 20%. Shareholders with questions or concerns about the U.S. federal AMT should consult their own tax advisors.
Ordinarily, a tax-exempt fund relies on an opinion from the issuer’s bond counsel that interest on the issuer’s obligation will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. However, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not successfully challenge such exemption, which could cause interest on the obligation to be taxable and could jeopardize a tax-exempt fund’s ability to pay exempt-interest dividends. Similar challenges may occur as to state-specific exemptions. Also, from time to time legislation may be introduced or litigation may arise that would change the treatment of exempt-interest dividends. Such litigation or legislation may have the effect of raising the state or other taxes payable by shareholders on such dividends. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors for the current law on exempt-interest dividends.
A shareholder who receives Social Security or railroad retirement benefits should consult his or her tax advisor to determine what effect, if any, an investment in a tax-exempt fund may have on the federal taxation of such benefits. Exempt-interest dividends are included in income for purposes of determining the amount of benefits that are taxable.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
If, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the total assets of a regulated investment company consists of obligations, which, when held by an individual, the interest therefrom is exempt from income taxation by California (California Exempt Securities), then the regulated investment company will be qualified to make distributions that are exempt from California state individual income tax (California exempt-interest distributions). For this purpose, California Exempt Securities generally are limited to California municipal securities and certain U.S. Government and U.S. Possession obligations. The California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund intends to qualify under the above requirements so that it can pay California exempt-interest distributions.
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Within sixty days after the close of its taxable year, the Fund will notify its shareholders of the portion of the distributions paid by the Fund that is exempt from California state individual income tax. The total amount of California exempt-interest distributions paid by the Fund with respect to any taxable year cannot exceed the excess of the amount of interest received by the Fund for such year on California Exempt Securities over any amounts that, if the Fund were treated as an individual, would be considered expenses related to tax exempt income or amortizable bond premium that would not be deductible under federal income or California state individual income tax law.
Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued by a shareholder in a taxable year to purchase or carry shares of the California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund is not deductible for California state individual income tax purposes if the Fund distributes California exempt-interest distributions during the shareholder’s taxable year.
The foregoing is only a summary of some of the important California state individual income tax considerations generally affecting the California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and its shareholders. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the California state income tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and this discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful planning. Further, it should be noted that the portion of any of the Fund’s distributions constituting California exempt-interest distributions is excludable from income for California state individual income tax purposes only. Any distributions paid to shareholders subject to California state franchise tax or California state corporate income tax may be taxable for such purposes. Accordingly, potential investors in the Fund, including, in particular, corporate investors which may be subject to either California franchise tax or California corporate income tax, should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the application of such taxes to the receipt of the Fund’s distributions and as to their own California state tax situation, in general.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
The portion of the Fund’s exempt-interest distributions paid to residents of Georgia attributable to interest received by the Georgia Funds on tax-exempt obligations of the State of Georgia or its political subdivision or authorities and other Fund distributions attributable to interest received from U.S. Government obligations will be exempt from Georgia individual and corporate income taxes. There is no Georgia intangibles tax or other personal property tax applicable to the shares of the Georgia Funds owned by investors residing in Georgia. The Georgia intangibles tax was repealed by the Georgia General Assembly on March 21, 1996, further ratified by a Constitutional Amendment approved in the November 1996 General Election (GA. L 1996, P.130 § 9). The Georgia intangibles tax was repealed for taxable years beginning after January 1, 1996. Distributions attributable to capital gains realized from the sale of Georgia municipal bonds and U.S. Government obligations will be subject to the State of Georgia short-term or long-term capital gains tax, which follow the federal income tax treatment. Interest received by a Georgia resident from non-Georgia municipal state bonds and distributions received from mutual funds that derive income from non-Georgia municipal or state bonds will be subject to Georgia income tax.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
The portion of the Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund’s exempt-interest distributions attributable to interest received by the Fund on tax-exempt obligations of the state of Maryland or its political subdivisions or authorities, or obligations issued by the government of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa or their authorities (Maryland Municipal Bonds) and distributions attributable to gains from the disposition Maryland Municipal Bonds (other than obligations issued by U.S. possessions) or interest on U.S. Government obligations will be exempt from Maryland individual and corporate income taxes; any other Fund distributions will be subject to Maryland income tax. Fund shareholders will be informed annually regarding the portion of the Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund’s distributions that constitutes income exempt from Maryland income taxes. Maryland presently includes in Maryland taxable income a portion of certain items of tax preference as defined in the Code. Interest paid on certain private activity bonds constitutes such a tax
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preference if the bonds (i) are not Maryland Municipal Bonds or (ii) are Maryland Municipal Bonds issued by U.S. possessions. Accordingly, up to 50% of any distributions from the Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund attributable to interest on such private activity bonds may not be exempt from Maryland state and local individual income taxes. Shares of the Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund will not be subject to the Maryland personal property tax.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
The portion of the North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund’s exempt-interest distributions attributable to interest received by the Fund on tax-exempt obligations of the State of North Carolina or its political subdivisions, commissions, authorities, agencies or non-profit educational institutions organized or chartered under the laws of North Carolina, or obligations issued by the United States or its possessions will be exempt from North Carolina individual and corporate income taxes. Although capital gain distributions generally are subject to tax in North Carolina, individual shareholders of the North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund may deduct the amount of capital gain distributions (if any) attributable to the sale of certain obligations issued before July 1, 1995 for purposes of determining their North Carolina taxable income.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
The portion of the South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund’s exempt-interest distributions attributable to interest received by the Fund on tax-exempt obligations of the State of South Carolina, its political subdivisions or exempt interest upon obligations of the United States will be exempt from South Carolina income taxes. Distributions of capital gains or income not attributable to interest from tax-exempt obligations of the State of South Carolina, its political subdivisions or exempt interest on obligations of the United States may be subject to South Carolina income taxes.
Although distributions of capital gains and the gain recognized with respect to the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund may be subject to the South Carolina state income tax, individuals, estates and trusts are entitled to a deduction for South Carolina taxable income purposes equal to 44% of the net capital gain recognized in South Carolina during a taxable year. The definition of net capital gain for federal income tax purposes is utilized for purposes of this deduction. In the case of estates or trusts, the deduction is applicable only to income taxed to the estate or trust or individual beneficiaries and not income passed through to non-individual beneficiaries.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to the Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
The portion of the Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund’s distributions attributable to interest on (i) debt obligations of Virginia or its political subdivisions, and (ii) debt obligations of the United States and any authority, commission or instrumentality of the United States (including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands), that are, in each case, backed by the full faith and credit of the borrowing government, will be exempt from Virginia income tax. Furthermore, any of the Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund’s distributions that are attributable to realized gains from dispositions of the foregoing debt obligations may also be exempt from Virginia income tax.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of August 31, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “principal holder “(i.e., owns of record or is known by the Trust to own beneficially 5% or more of any class of a Fund’s outstanding shares) is listed below.
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending February 28:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 7,676,047.3070 | 53.15% | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 539,148.0880 | 46.01% | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 726,305.3420 | 49.22% | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FLR. 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 88,552.6660 | 6.00% | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 6,573,901.9350 | 59.74% | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL BALANCED GROWTH ATTN: JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 796,922.2030 | 7.24% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL GROWTH PORTFOLIO ATTN: JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 649,976.3610 | 5.91% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 551,871.7790 | 21.75% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class A | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 174,179.6740 | 6.86% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 123,752.4100 | 18.70% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class B | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 174,179.6740 | 6.86% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class B | �� | CITIGROUP GLOBAL ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FLR. 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 54,949.4480 | 8.30% | ||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class B | PERSHING LLC P.O. BOX 2052 JERSEY CITY NJ 07303-2052 | 38,546.0020 | 5.82% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 850,692.7110 | 29.03% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FLR. 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 284,293.1510 | 9.70% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 808,790.6280 | 55.02% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 347,662.9250 | 23.65% | |||
Columbia Global Value Fund Class Z | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO ASSOCIATES IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 93,358.6250 | 6.35% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 5,157,701.7550 | 18.42% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class A | PRUDENTIAL RETIREMENT INS & ANN CO FBO VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS 200 WOOD AVE S ISELIN NJ 08830-2769 | 2,693,711.8980 | 9.62% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class A | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-4151 | 2,562,039.2280 | 9.15% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 22,515,7400 | 19.90% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class B | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 5,766.2090 | 5.10% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,227,586.1220 | 27.38% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 384,709.7330 | 8.58% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN: BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 34,350,727.8690 | 39.52% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 18,665,218.9790 | 21.47% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund Class Z | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 7,422,644.5780 | 8.54% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 7,591,092.9160 | 69.20% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 72,603.6910 | 44.54% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 59,048.1100 | 28.82% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 30,086.1110 | 14.68% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 51,769,526.9970 | 62.63% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund Class Z | COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT ADVISOR COLUMBIA GROWTH ASST ALLOC-NY529 ATTN: JIM MARIN 3RD FL 245 SUMMER ST BOSTON MA 02210-1133 | 4,566,619.7210 | 5.52% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 441,376.6610 | 43.79% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Class R | CHRISTI LAIRD FBO COUNTRYWIDE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 401K PROFIT SHARING PLAN & TRUST INC 9330 STEVENS RD STE A SANTEE CA 92071-5639 | 3,993.0390 | 42.27% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Class R | NFS LLC CUST HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK FBO: EB ACCOUNTS 7 EASTON OVAL COLUMBUS OH 43219-6010 | 3,140.5300 | 33.25% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO APPLIED RELIABILITY ENGINEERING 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 2,173.7330 | 23.01% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Class Y | BANK OF AMERICA NA ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 2,867,095.5940 | 99.96% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 32,562.941.9940 | 88.33% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,032,605.2870 | 5.51% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class A | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 1,883,865.3490 | 13.15% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class A | RELIANCE TRUST CO FBO RETIREMENT PLANS SERVICED BY METLIFE 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 1,384,510.8550 | 9.67% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class A | ORCHARD TRUST COMPANY LLC TTEE FBO CLIENTS BENEFITS CLIENTS 401(K) PLAN 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 802,853.0910 | 5.60% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 8,368.6480 | 5.43% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO NFS/FMTC ROLLOVER IRA FBO GENE P ALVES 560 RAY ST FALL RIVER MA 02720-7208 | 7,847.3670 | 5.09% | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA TTEE BANK OF AMERICA 401K PLAN ATTN NORMA AJA PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 28,122,739.8040 | 25.35% | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 18,508,025.9610 | 16.68% | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA TTEE 401(K) FOR LEGACY FLEET TRUST PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 14,756,633.7260 | 13.30% | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA TRANSFERRED SAVINGS CUST FBO BANK OF AMERICA N.A PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 5,948,594.3730 | 5.36% | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 7,303,603.5440 | 14.22 | % | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 436,675.1230 | 7.89 | % | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 585,984.5170 | 17.12 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class R | MICHAEL MIRE FBO GULFSTREAM SERVICES INC 401K PSP & TRUST 103 DICKSON RD HOUMA LA 70363-7306 | 82,420.9220 | 78.32 | % | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class R | COMMUNITY BANK NA AS CUST FBO SIMED 1165(E) RETIREMENT PLAN 6 RHOADS DR STE 7 UTICA NY 13502-6317 | 19,418.2520 | 18.45 | % | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class Y | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,109,406.6510 | 99.89 | % | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 41,482,188.4480 | 34.60 | % | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA TTEE BANK OF AMERICA 401K PLAN ATTN: NORMA AJA P.O. BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 18,275,848.6640 | 15.24 | % | ||||
Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA TTEE 401(K) LEGACY FLEET TRUST PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 13,376,089.4290 | 11.16% | |||||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 11,199,371.5990 | 7.70% | |||||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class A | PRUDENTIAL INVESTMENT MNGT SVC FBO MUTUAL FUND CLIENTS ATTN PRUCHOICE UNTI 194 WOOD AVE S ISELIN NJ 08830-2710 | 7,408,061.1970 | 5.10% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,623,892.5810 | 17.14% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 904,907.5070 | 9.55% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 13,932,724.7210 | 26.51% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 6,482,084.5310 | 12.33% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 2,697,499.8120 | 5.13% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class R | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 353,713.0210 | 10.76% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class Z | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 13,447,698.8280 | 16.00% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 10,040,499.7850 | 11.95% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMER 4800 DEER LAKE DR E JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 8,446,356.2090 | 10.05% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class Z | LPL FINANCIAL FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 509046 SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 | 6,869,310.5170 | 8.17% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-415 | 6,773,805.6020 | 8.06% | |||
Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Class Z | FIDELITY INVESTMENTS INST L OPS CO FIIOC AS AGENT FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 100 MAGELLAN WAY COVINGTON KY 41015-1999 | 6,751,574.6710 | 8.03% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class A | PRUDENTIAL INVESTMENT MNGT SVC FBO MUTUAL FUND CLIENTS ATTN: PROCHOICE UNIT 194 WOOD AVE S ISELIN NJ 08830-2710 | 15,967,435.7510 | 21.28% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 8,736,281.8880 | 11.64% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,345,070.0140 | 48.70% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 8,275,537.7720 | 53.82% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 1,209,057.3920 | 7.86% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA TTEE BANK OF AMERICA 401K PLAN ATTN NORMA AJA PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 9,804,286.9370 | 19.67% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 6,293,123.4110 | 12.63% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS 4800 DEER LAKE DR E JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 4,372,982.4200 | 8.77% | |||
Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-415 | 4,053,356.7700 | 8.13% | |||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund Class A | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 125,467.7520 | 52.68% | |||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO WILLIAM C LIVINGSTON BRONAH M LIVINGSTON 4254 RUSTLING WOODS DR DENVER NC 28037-5463 | 13,003.8390 | 5.46% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund Class C | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 125,000.0000 | 66.31% | |||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 13,730.8890 | 7.28% | |||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund Class R | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 125,246.4790 | 99.59% | |||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund Class Z | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 125,689.4900 | 86.03% | |||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA IRA CHARLES J HOWELL 600 UNIVERSITY ST STE 1725 SEATTLE WA 98101-4120 | 16,738.2680 | 11.46% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 9,616,817.1710 | 16.34% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class A | MORGAN STANLEY HARBOSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 4,907,913.3890 | 8.34% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class A | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 3,347,885.8880 | 5.69% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,121,699.8620 | 44.24% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 182,046.8070 | 7.18% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 12,100,883.2820 | 53.69% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 1,801,294.0250 | 7.99% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2I, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 1,300,891.0260 | 5.77% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class R | HARTFORD LIFE INS. CO. SEPARATE ACCOUNT ATTN UIT OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 2999 HARTFORD CT 06104-2999 | 404,351.1090 | 44.63% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class R | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 67,289.3190 | 7.43% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 24,433,604.5490 | 25.46% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class Z | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 17,430,361.2730 | 18.17% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class Z | LPL FINANCIAL FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 509046 SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 | 9,804,031.1820 | 10.22% | |||
Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 7,570,908.3860 | 7.89% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,493,803.5100 | 10.55% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 403,891.6150 | 26.24% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 139,719.1580 | 9.08% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 797,783.6690 | 19.90% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 522,218.4880 | 13.03% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 227,244.8610 | 5.67% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class R | ORCHARD TRUST CO TTEE EMPLOYEE BENEFITS CLIENTS 401K 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 47,994.4000 | 15.33% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO DEARBORN MID WEST CONVEYOR CO 401K P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 46,382.8210 | 14.82% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class R | NTC & CO CUST BODE CALL & STROUPE FBO BODE CALL & STROUPE P.O. BOX 173859 DENVER CO 80217-3859 | 32,856.3270 | 10.49% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO O DANIEL AUTOMOTIVE GROUP 401K SA 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 22,172.4570 | 7.08% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class R | HARTFORD LIFE INS. CO. SEPARATE ACCOUNT ATTN UIT OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 2999 HARTFORD CT 06104-2999 | 17,859.8770 | 5.70% | |||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class R | GPC SECURITIES INC AGENT FOR RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY FBO WHITEMAN LUMBER COMPANY 401K PLAN P.O. BOX 79377 ATLANTA GA 30357-7377 | 16,562.9740 | 5.29% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN: BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 54,208,961.1110 | 61.99% | |||||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class Z | VANGUARD FIDUCIARY TRUST COMPANY NATIONS FUNDS P.O. BOX 2600 VM 613 ATTN OUTSIDE FUNDS VALLEY FORGE PA 19482-2600 | 8,110,560.1520 | 9.27% | |||||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Class Z | TEXAS CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL FOUNDATION 1919 S.BRAESWOOD HOUSTON TX 77030-4412 | 6,027,850.6560 | 6.89% | |||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Class A | NEW YORK LIFE TRUST COMPANY 690 CANTON ST STE 100 WESTWOOD MA 02090-2324 | 3,380,978.2100 | 16.08 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Class A | PIMS/PRUDENTIAL RETIREMENT AS NOMINEE FOR THE TTEE/CUST MAGELLAN HEALTH SERVICE INC 6950 COLUMBIA GATEWAY DR COLUMBIA MD 21046-2706 | 1,349,770.7930 | 6.42 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Class A | ORCHARD TRUST COMPANY FBO EMPLOYEE BENEFITS CLIENTS 401(K) PLAN 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 1,224,647.4640 | 5.82 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Class A | JPMORGAN CHASE TRUSTEE CUST FBO ERICSSON CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND SAVINGS PLAN 93 WARD PKWY KANSAS CITY MO 64114-3317 | 1,093,460.0330 | 5.20 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 68,401,274.4280 | 35.19 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA TTEE BANK OF AMERICA 401K PLAN ATTN NORMA AJA PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 42,191,802.7500 | 21.70 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA TTEE 401(K) FOR LEGACY FLEET TRUST PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 25,762,004.0100 | 13.25 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 7,435,760.4780 | 6.29 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class A | ING LIFE INSURANCE & ANNUITY CO ING FUND OPERATIONS 1 ORANGE WAY WINDSOR CT 06095-4773 | 6,528,034.4580 | 5.52 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 268,576.0030 | 6.18 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 239,097.0000 | 5.50 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,036,617.8700 | 21.09 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 1,340,383.1390 | 9.31 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class R | GREAT WEST LIFE & ANNUITY C/O FASCORE LLC 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 15,502,397.4310 | 61.70 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class R | HARTFORD LIFE INS. CO SEPARATE ACCOUNT ATTN UIT OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 2999 HARTFORD, CT 06104-2999 | 1,534,665.8730 | 6.11 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class Y | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 1,138.9930 | 100.00 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 41,442,903.6130 | 19.47 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class Z | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 31,705,425.6820 | 14.89 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY ST SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 18,626,637.9240 | 8.75 | % | ||||
Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 18,364,780.9080 | 8.63 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 554,599.2450 | 26.38 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 35,532.3860 | 42.61 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 49,487.8760 | 39.83 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class C | SUMMERVILLE PEDIACTRICS PA PROFIT SHARING PLAN 312 MIDLAND PARKWAY SUMMERVILLE SC 29485-8102 | 9,433.2020 | 7.59 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 7,629.9760 | 6.14 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class R | GPC SECURITIES INC AGENT FOR RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY FBO VIRGINIA LAB SUPPLY 401K PSP PO BOX 79377 ATLANTA GA 30357-7377 | 11,0726210 | 50.08 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class R | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 5,494.4590 | 24.85 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO APPLIED RELIABILITY ENGINEERING 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 2,132.3010 | 9.65 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO MIRAMAR LABS 401K PROFIT-SHARING 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 2,075.4350 | 9.39 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN: BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 65,820,152.9370 | 57.36 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA TTEE BANK OF AMERICA 401K PLAN ATTN NORMA AJA PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 16,342,850.5470 | 14.24 | % | ||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Class Z | COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT ADVISORS INC FBO COLUMBIA MASTERS INTERNATIONAL EQUITY PORTFOLIO ATTN JIM MARIN ONE FINANCIAL CENTER FL 3 BOSTON MA 02111-2694 | 8,298,492.9220 | 7.23 | % | ||||
Columbia Overseas Value Fund Class Z | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 1,088,418.8280 | 100.00 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,208,893.4990 | 17.25 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 79,205.3320 | 29.66 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 81,238.5560 | 30.31 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. HOUSE ACCOUNT ATTN: PETER BOOTH, 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 19,678.8020 | 7.34 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 12,402,334.2720 | 59.82 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II Class Z | GPC SECURITIES INC AGENT FOR RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY FBO PLEXUS CORP. 401(K) SAVINGS PLAN P.O. BOX 79377 ATLANTA GA 30357-7377 | 1,435,274.1330 | 6.92 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class A | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 757,484.0330 | 8.95 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO STATE STREET BANK TRUST CO TTEE VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS 4 MANHATTANVILLE RD PURCHASE NY 10577-2139 | 624,406.6530 | 7.37 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class A | ORCHARD TRUST COMPANY LLC TTEE FBO EMPLOYEE BENEFITS CLIENTS 401(K) PLAN 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 546,792.3390 | 6.46 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class A | NEW YORK LIFE TRUST COMPANY 690 CANTON ST STE 100 WESTWOOD MA 02090-2344 | 493,365.5470 | 5.83 | % | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class A | FIFTH THIRD BANK TTEE FBO VARIOUS FASCORE LL RECORDKEPT 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 455,118.2040 | 5.38% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 30,722,153.5870 | 33.60% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA TTEE BANK OF AMERICA 401K PLAN ATTN: NORMA AJA PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 18,829,065.7420 | 20.59% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA TTEE 401(K) FOR LEGACY FLEET TRUST PO BOX 1939 HOUSTON TX 77251-1939 | 9,275,354.8020 | 10.14% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,440,867.1760 | 8.49% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class A | SUPPLEMENTAL INCOME TRUST FUND P.O. BOX 8338 BOSTON MA 02266-8338 | 2,428,315.2810 | 5.99% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 29,982.8160 | 11.96% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 423,829.9170 | 22.45% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 106,397.2450 | 5.64% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class R | HARTFORD LIFE INS. CO. SEPARATE ACCOUNT ATTN UIT OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 2999 HARTFORD CT 06104-2999 | 585,318.4600 | 27.98% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class R | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 134,873.3930 | 6.45% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class R | DCGT TRUSTEE & OR CUSTODIAN FBO PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP QUALIFIED PRIN ADVTG OMNIBUS ATTN NPIO TRADE DESK 711 HIGH ST DES MOINES IA 50392-0001 | 110,452.0530 | 5.28% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class R | FIFTH THIRD BANK TRUSTEE FBO VARIOUS FASCORP RECORDKEPT PLANS C/O FASCORP 8515 ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 106,948.3090 | 5.11% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 13,440,556.3770 | 15.58% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 12,133,939.7780 | 14.06% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class Z | NFS LLC FEBO STATE STREET BANK TRUST CO TTEE VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS 4 MANHATTANVILLE RD PURCHASE NY 10577-2139 | 12,022,382.9750 | 13.93% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class Z | FIDELITY INVESTMENTS INST L OPS CO FIIOC AS AGENT FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 100 MAGELLAN WAY COVINGTON KY 41015-1999 | 6,938,111.8800 | 8.04% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class Z | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 5,423,694.2660 | 6.29% | |||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 4,800,292.2420 | 5.56% |
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending March 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,488,370.7030 | 75.67 | % | ||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 43.393.8240 | 61.67 | % | ||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class C | UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. FBO BARBARA PHILLIPS 933 111TH AVE NE APT 532 BELLEVUE WA 98004-8544 | 11,416.4560 | 26.76 | % | ||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 6,707.4070 | 15.72 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 4,001.9850 | 9.38 | % | ||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class C | UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. FBO RAYDEAN RANDLETT TRADITIONAL IRA 1135 HIDDEN OAKS DR MENLO PARK CA 94025-6042 | 2,679.5480 | 6.28 | % | ||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class C | AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT SVCS P.O. BOX 9446 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440-9446 | 2,444.9880 | 5.73 | % | ||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,095,457.0520 | 99.53 | % | ||||
Columbia CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 594,993.7540 | 48.17 | % | ||||
Columbia CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. FBO THELMA STEWART MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC 3031 W MARCH LN STE 123 STOCKTON CA 95219-6567 | 192,667.5230 | 15.60 | % | ||||
Columbia CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 21,665.8350 | 96.98 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 151,043.7160 | 74.34 | % | ||||
Columbia CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | FIRST CLEARING LLC EXEMPTION TR CREATED UNDER 2004 SICHI FAM TRUST TR 2555 TODD CT ARCATA CA 95521-5147 | 17,771.9890 | 8.75 | % | ||||
Columbia CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 20,402,583.1980 | 91.11 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 500,329.0080 | 28.54 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | LPL FINANCIAL 9785 TOWNE CENTRE DR SAN DIEGO CA 92121-1968 | 236,234.9350 | 13.47 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. HOUSE ACCOUNT ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 119,832.3740 | 6.83 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 34,565.4740 | 49.17 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 7,603.0950 | 10.82 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | FIRST CLEARING, LLC STEVE G LYMAN & ALIDA B LYMAN 4492 HAVERSTRAW DRIVE DUNWOODY GA 30338-6604 | 5,352.1450 | 7.61 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | FIRST CLEARING, LLC DAVID G HUNTER 4698 JERFFERSON TOWNSHIP LN MARIETTA GA 30066-3826 | 5,236.5320 | 7.45 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | FIRST CLEARING, LLC WILSON S MOBLEY 2058 BRIAN WAY DECATUR GA 30033-3826 | 4,696.6730 | 6.68 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | PERSHING LLC P.O. BOX 2052 JERSEY CITY NJ 07303-2052 | 4,633.4730 | 6.59 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 91,354.3690 | 25.97 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | FIRST CLEARING LLC RUTH LAUTZ TR RUTH LAUTZ TTEE 3315 PEACHTREE INDUSTRIAL BLVD DECATUR GA 30033-3826 | 23,749.9060 | 6.75 | % | ||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 9,169,349.1900 | 95.51 | % | ||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,761,279.4370 | 24.05 | % | ||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO TRANSAMERICA LIFE INS COMPANY 1150 S OLIVE ST STE 2700 LOS ANGELES CA 90015-2211 | 2,611,942.2490 | 16.70 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO TRANSAMERICA 1150 S OLIVE ST STE 2700 LOS ANGELES, CA 90015-2211 | 851,362.5680 | 5.44 | % | ||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,400,615.9210 | 44.23 | % | ||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,132,847.9740 | 39.16 | % | ||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL HOUSE ACCOUNT ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 176,673.0810 | 6.11 | % | ||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 53,986,303.5250 | 68.78 | % | ||||
Columbia High Income Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL BALANCED GROWTH ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 4,946,724.2400 | 6.30 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 10,224,400.9780 | 41.92 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 7,458,714.4550 | 48.57 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,766,178.7790 | 45.77 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO O DANIEL AUTOMOTIVE GROUP 401K SA 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 98,224.7790 | 44.29 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO BROWN & JONES REPORTING 401K PLAN PO BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 29,283.8680 | 13.20 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class R | COUNSEL TRUST DBA MATC FBO V RAO EMANDI M D 401K PSP & TRUST 1251 WATERFRONT PL STE 525 PITTSBURGH PA 15222-4228 | 17,074.9380 | 7.70 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO ALBERT FREI & SONS INC 401K PLAN 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 12,602.1910 | 5.68 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class R | JOSEPH D POLK FBO VANTAGE SYSTEMS INC 401K PSP & TRUST 4600 FORBES BLVD STE 250 LANHAM MD 20706-4359 | 12,156.0160 | 5.48 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,996,804.0880 | 41.68 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,829,657.0880 | 38.19 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 7,640,599.3170 | 45.11 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 4,280,791.5270 | 50.89 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,701,596.4930 | 39.75 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO O DANIEL AUTOMOTIVE GROUP 401K SA 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 53,618.6240 | 30.15 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO RIVERFRONT STEEL 401K PLAN P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 25,358.8900 | 14.26 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO CLINICA CAMPESINA FAMILY HEALTH SER 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 23,993.0390 | 13.49 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO BROWN & JONES REPORTING 401K PLAN P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 18,004.5740 | 10.12 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO ALBERT FREI & SONS INC 401K PLAN 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 10,211.8830 | 5.74 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 2,165,077.3580 | 52.07 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,015,604.8400 | 24.42 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Class Z | NFS LLC FEBO STATE STREET BANK TRUST CO TTEE VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS 4 MANHATTANVILLE RD PURCHASE NY 10577-2139 | 419,856.2380 | 10.10 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,178,076.5960 | 37.90 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,862,336.8520 | 54.65 | % | ||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 994,475.6320 | 42.97% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO O DANIEL AUTOMOTIVE GROUP 401K SA 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 32,943.8470 | 52.59% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO GROSSMONT FAMILY MEDICAL GROUP 401K P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 3,540.0850 | 5.65% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO MIRAMAR LABS 401K PROFIT-SHARING 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 5,874.0900 | 9.38% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO TRI-EAGLE SALES 401K PROFIT SHARING PO BOX 10758 FARGO, ND 58106-0758 | 7,257.2510 | 11.59% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 610,709.0520 | 29.68% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 582,540.4770 | 28.31% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Class Z | NFS LLC FEBO STATE STREET BANK TRUST CO TTEE VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS 4 MANHATTANVILLE RD PURCHASE NY 10577-2139 | 164,256.6900 | 7.98% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 463,712.1810 | 33.18% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 271,383.8400 | 43.10% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 174,454.9530 | 35.56% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 126,661.8280 | 43.65% | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 34,134.5560 | 11.76% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO ROBERT GLADSTONE LESLIE GLADSTONE 2468 BELMONT RD NW WASHINGTON DC 20008-1610 | 358,822.2860 | 13.95% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 220,932.6060 | 8.59% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | FIRST CLEARING LLC MARK & MARY ANN RONALD TRUST MARK & MARY ANN RONALD TTEES 7110 44TH ST CHEVY CHASE MD 20815-6039 | 132,477.3530 | 5.15% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 9,001.3210 | 15.06% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO MARY A MICHELS 1658 HARDWICK RD BALTIMORE MD 21286-8128 | 5,894.5610 | 9.86% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO RALPH M VITALE SR AUDREY J VITALE 3510 E JOPPA RD BALTIMORE MD 21234-3313 | 5,224.3900 | 8.74% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | FIRST CLEARING, LLC ROBERT F ROHR & BARBARA M ROHR JT TEN 608 CHURCHILL RD BEL AIR MD 21014-4245 | 4,725.1010 | 7.91% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | FIRST CLERING LLC 2801 MARKET ST SAINT LOUIS MO 63103-2523 | 4,665.7530 | 7.81% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | PERSHING LLC P.O. BOX 2052 JERSEY CITY NJ 07303-2052 | 3,648.1450 | 6.10% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. HOUSE ACCOUNT ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 3,596.6430 | 6.02% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 94,172.8150 | 22.35% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 88,159.2190 | 20.92% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 11,376,071.5190 | 94.19% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 705,689.8330 | 12.28% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 115,823.5380 | 26.65% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 287,199.0170 | 24.11% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2. 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 88,938.8090 | 7.47% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class R | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,664.9660 | 56.99% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class R | COUNSEL TRUST DBA MATC FBO PROST DATA INC 401K PSP & TRUST 1251 WATERFRONT PL STE 525 PITTSBURGH PA 15222-4228 | 399,5780 | 13.68% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class R | BRETT PEAKS FBO LENOX VILLAGE DENTISTRY 401K PSP & TRUST 6905 LENOX VILLAGE DR NASHVILLE TN 37211-7172 | 386.9590 | 13.24% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class R | COUNSEL TRUST DBA MID ATLANTIC TRUST CO FBO SAL OPPENHEIM JR & CIE 401K PSP & TRUST 1251 WATERFRONT PL STE 525 PITTSBURGH PA 15222-4228 | 288.0130 | 9.86% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN: BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 6,650,697.2390 | 91.02% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | PRUDENTIAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES LLC FBO MUTUAL FUND CLIENTS 100 MULBERRY ST NEWARK NJ 07102-4056 | 297,829.2580 | 8.26% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO MAURICIO CASTILLO TTEE MAURICIO CASTILLO LIVING TRUST 416 HILLSBOROUGH ST CHAPEL HILL NC 27514-3102 | 278,666.2040 | 7.73% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | FIRST CLEARING, LLC FRANK M DRENDEL P.O. BOX 9212 HICKORY NC 28603-9212 | 208,354.4670 | 5.78% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO FLOYD L & RAMONA M MORRIS TR FLOYD L MORRIS 3136 OLD LOWGAP RD LOWGAP NC 27024-7416 | 19,008.7090 | 16.32% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | RBS CAPITAL MARKETS CORP FBO EDWARD SANDERS DOUGLAS J SANDERS JT TEN/WROS 2218 RICHARDSON DR CHARLOTTE NC 28211-3265 | 14,212.1620 | 12.20% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO LILLIAN G SHOAF 830 METAIRIE LN WINSTON SALEM NC 27104-3319 | 9,747.6860 | 8.37% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO JASON LAMBERTH CAROL LAMBERTH PO BOX 24 STATESVILLE NC 28687-0024 | 8,275.3300 | 7.10% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS 101 MONTGOMERY ST SAN FRANCISCO CA 94101-4151 | 8,231.0200 | 7.07% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO KATE R HOOTS 1372 HARRIS AVE NEWTON CA 28658-1611 | 6,643.0310 | 5.70% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO CAROL LEE SMITH WOOD P.O. BOX 313 HAW RIVER NC 27258-0313 | 6,222.4570 | 5.34% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 145,918.7080 | 34.01% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | NFS LLC FEBO CREIGHTON W SOSSOMON BANK OF AMERICA COLLATERAL P.O. BOX 9 HIGHLANDS NC 28741-0009 | 28,307.1610 | 6.60% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 15,372,334.8690 | 91.85% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 5,600,044.3410 | 18.66% | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 160,515.4320 | 18.20% | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 4,926,570.2190 | 38.23% | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC HOUSE ACCOUNT ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 890,814.6430 | 6.91% | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Class Y | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,894,327.6870 | 89.35% | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Class Y | CLISE PROPERTIES INC 1700 7TH AVE STE 1800 SEATTLE WA 98101-1312 | 224,803.2240 | 10.60% | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 145,294,168.8900 | 71.57% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 10,051,809.7010 | 25.24% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class A | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 4,676,412.5930 | 11.74% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 6,954,9570 | 21.65% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO KEVIN W BARR FRANCINE BARR 5235 DRYSTACK LN GLEN ALLEN VA 23059-2532 | 4,906.4600 | 15.27% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO DARRELL C REED MAUREEN O REED 4681 SHELBURNE RD RADFORD VA 24141-8057 | 4,609.1020 | 14.35% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class B | SIDNEY MORRIS 3605 BERMUDA RUN DR VALDOSTA GA 31605-1082 | 3,505.4160 | 10.91% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,368,911.6830 | 47.51% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. HOUSE ACCOUNT ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 258,752.2480 | 5.19% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 159,654,192.8970 | 86.25% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 775,103.7670 | 32.40% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO INTERNET RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BANK OF AMERICA NA COLLATERAL P.O. BOX 1329 FORT MILL SC 29716-1329 | 541,187.7690 | 22.63% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 58,892.8520 | 60.68% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 6,618.2480 | 6.82% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | FIRST CLEARING LLC SUE B JAMES EST TX SHEL TRUST 1129 WATERFRONT DR MT PLEASANT SC 29464-7428 | 5,355.4450 | 5.52% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | WELLS FARGO BANK NA FBO HOPKINS M CRTA P.O. BOX 1533 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55480-1533 | 5,203.0760 | 5.36% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 5,040.7010 | 5.19% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 367,785.4010 | 38.59% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOC INC FBO ANNIE LEE FAYSSOUX TTEE 203 PACOLET HWY GAFFNEY SC 29340-2816 | 72,740.5460 | 7.63% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 12,681,570.0070 | 89.93% | |||
Columbia Total Return Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 575,686.5780 | 26.27% | |||
Columbia Total Return Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 86,466.3060 | 24.94% | |||
Columbia Total Return Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 292,987.2470 | 51.76% | |||
Columbia Total Return Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 86,875,990.2020 | 79.37% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class A | FIRST CLEARING LLC C HENRY JONES TTEE C HENRY JONES REVOCLIVTRUST 7320 COLONY POINT RD NORFOLK VA 23505-3300 | 235,505.2150 | 5.11% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 13,795.6150 | 14.62% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO EDWARD P HAZARD JR FRANCES H HAZARD 915 HOLLYWOOD DR CHESAPEAKE VA 23320-4821 | 8,324.7130 | 8.82% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | FIRST CLEARING LLC PETER BRUNK & DIANE BRUNK JT WROS 3501 CARDINAL LN PORTSMOUTH VA 23703-3631 | 7,391.2080 | 7.83% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | FIRST CLEARING CORPORATION MARTHA W STEERS TTEE MARTHA W STEERS LIVING TRUST 5801 WILLIAMSBURG LANDING DR WILLIAMSBURG VA 23185-3778 | 6,783.3320 | 7.19% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class B | NFS LLC FEBO NORMA F STUART 6809 DARBY LN SPRINGFIELD VA 22150-2006 | 5,537.5620 | 5.87% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 53,516.4800 | 17.68% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 23,109,999.8350 | 92.99% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||
Corporate Bond Portfolio Class A | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN: BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 2,030,991.0000 | 99.24% | |||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio Class A | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN: BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 3,673,814.0810 | 86.12% | |||
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Portfolio Class A | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST CO AAF LIFEGOAL INCOME & GROWTH ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 430,028.9370 | 10.08% |
As of August 31, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “control person” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of a Fund because it owns of record more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund by virtue of its fiduciary roles with respect to its clients or otherwise, is shown below. A control person may be able to facilitate shareholder approval of proposals it approves and to impede shareholder approval of proposals it opposes. If a control person’s record ownership of a Fund’s outstanding shares exceeds 50%, then, for certain shareholder proposals, such control person may be able to approve, or prevent approval, of such proposals without regard to votes by other Fund shareholders.
Control Person Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending February 28:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 8,941,500.7370 | 31.83% | |||
Columbia International Value Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 34,350,727.8690 | 28.74% | |||
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 51,769,526.9970 | 55.08% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 35,430,037.5880 | 86.95% | |||||||
Columbia Marsico Global Fund | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 501,403.7210 | 71.78 | % | ||||||
Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 54,208,961.1110 | 50.44 | % | ||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 68,401,274.4280 | 31.75 | % | ||||||
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 65,820,152.9370 | 56.22 | % | ||||||
Columbia Overseas Value Fund | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 1,088,418.8280 | 100.00 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 12,402,334.2720 | 36.40 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 30,772,153.5870 | 30.75 | % |
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Control Person Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending March 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,538,471.9340 | 56.38 | % | ||||||
Columbia CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 20,402,583.1980 | 85.53 | % | ||||||
Columbia GA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 9,169,349.1900 | 77.87% | |||||||
Columbia High Income Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 53,986,303.5250 | 53.88% | |||||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 23,278,951.3000 | 43.93% | |||||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 15,638,592.1770 | 42.86% | |||||||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 5,645,598.1320 | 41.54% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||
Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INC FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN: SERVICE TEAM 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,036.212.8020 | 36.90% | |||
Columbia MD Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 11,376,071.5190 | 75.19% | |||
Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 6,650,697.2390 | 45.30% | |||
Columbia NC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 15,372,334.8690 | 73.61% | |||
Columbia Short Term Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 147,188,496.5770 | 59.13% | |||
Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 159,654,192.8970 | 69.43% | |||
Columbia SC Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 2,681,570.0070 | 72.28% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||
Columbia Total Return Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 86,875,990.2020 | 77.18% | |||
Columbia VA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 23,109,999.8350 | 77.39% | |||
Corporate Bond Portfolio | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 2,030,991.0000 | 99.24% | |||
Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Portfolio | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/ FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 3,673,814.0810 | 86.12% |
Bank of America, N.A. is a national banking association organized under the laws of the United States, 101 South Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255. Bank of America Corporation, a publicly-traded financial services corporation, is the ultimate parent company of Bank of America, N.A.
FIM Funding, Inc. is a non-depository credit institution organized under the laws of the United States, 401 North Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28202. Bank of America Corporation is the ultimate parent company of FIM Funding, Inc.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated is a registered broker-dealer organized under the laws of the United States, One Bryant Park, New York, New York 10036. Bank of America Corporation is the ultimate parent company of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated.
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In June 2004, an action captioned John E. Gallus et al. v. American Express Financial Corp. and American Express Financial Advisors Inc., was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. The plaintiffs allege that they are investors in several American Express Company (now known as RiverSource) mutual funds and they purport to bring the action derivatively on behalf of those funds under the 1940 Act. The plaintiffs allege that fees allegedly paid to the defendants by the funds for investment advisory and administrative services are excessive. The plaintiffs seek remedies including restitution and rescission of investment advisory and distribution agreements. The plaintiffs voluntarily agreed to transfer this case to the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (the District Court). In response to defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint, the District Court dismissed one of plaintiffs’ four claims and granted plaintiffs limited discovery. Defendants moved for summary judgment in April 2007. Summary judgment was granted in the defendants’ favor on July 9, 2007. The plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals (the Eighth Circuit) on August 8, 2007. On April 8, 2009, the Eighth Circuit reversed summary judgment and remanded to the District Court for further proceedings. On August 6, 2009, defendants filed a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court (the Supreme Court), asking the Supreme Court to stay the District Court proceedings while the Supreme Court considered and ruled in a case captioned Jones v. Harris Associates, which involved issues of law similar to those presented in the Gallus case. On March 30, 2010, the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Jones v. Harris Associates, and on April 5, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated the Eighth Circuit’s decision in the Gallus case and remanded the case to the Eighth Circuit for further consideration in light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Jones v. Harris Associates. On June 4, 2010, the Eighth Circuit remanded the Gallus case to the District Court for further consideration in light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Jones v. Harris Associates.
In December 2005, without admitting or denying the allegations, American Express Financial Corporation (AEFC, which is now known as Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (Ameriprise Financial)), entered into settlement agreements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Minnesota Department of Commerce (MDOC) related to market timing activities. As a result, AEFC was censured and ordered to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of certain provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the 1940 Act, and various Minnesota laws. AEFC agreed to pay disgorgement of $10 million and civil money penalties of $7 million. AEFC also agreed to retain an independent distribution consultant to assist in developing a plan for distribution of all disgorgement and civil penalties ordered by the SEC in accordance with various undertakings detailed at http://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/ia-2451.pdf. Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have cooperated with the SEC and the MDOC in these legal proceedings, and have made regular reports to the RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds’ Boards of Directors/Trustees.
Ameriprise Financial and certain of its affiliates have historically been involved in a number of legal, arbitration and regulatory proceedings, including routine litigation, class actions, and governmental actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of their business activities. Ameriprise Financial believes that the Funds are not currently the subject of, and that neither Ameriprise Financial nor any of its affiliates are the subject of, any pending legal, arbitration or regulatory proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Funds or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with the Funds. Ameriprise Financial is required to make 10-Q, 10-K and, as necessary, 8-K filings with the SEC on legal and regulatory matters that relate to Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. Copies of these filings may be obtained by accessing the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
There can be no assurance that these matters, or the adverse publicity associated with them, will not result in increased fund redemptions, reduced sale of fund shares or other adverse consequences to the Funds. Further, although we believe proceedings are not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Funds or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with the Funds, these proceedings are subject to uncertainties and, as such, we are unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss that may result. An adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other relief that could have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition or results of operations of Ameriprise Financial.
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APPENDIX A — DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITIES RATINGS
This Appendix summarizes the various descriptions of securities ratings applicable to securities purchased by the Columbia Funds. Please refer to a Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information to determine whether that Fund may invest in securities that have ratings described in this Appendix.
STANDARD & POOR’S (S&P)
Bonds
The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P for bonds. The ratings AAA, AA, A and BBB denote investment grade securities.
AAA bonds have the highest rating assigned by S&P and are considered to have an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
AA bonds are considered to have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and they differ from AAA only in small degree.
A bonds are considered to have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB bonds are considered to have an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC and C bonds are considered to have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or large exposures to adverse conditions.
BB bonds are considered to have less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, they face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB – rating.
B bonds are considered to have a greater vulnerability to default but currently have the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB – rating.
CCC bonds are considered to have a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the bonds are not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B – rating.
CC rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
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C rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC – debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation, for example, where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.
CI rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D bonds are in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Municipal Notes
SP-1. Notes rated SP-1 are considered to have very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designated as SP-1+.
SP-2. Notes rated SP-2 are considered to have satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.
Notes due in three years or less normally receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years normally receive a bond rating, although the following criteria are used in making that assessment:
Amortization schedule (the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely the issue will be rated as a note).
Source of payment (the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be rated as a note).
Commercial Paper
A. Issues assigned this highest rating are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are further refined with the designations 1, 2, and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety.
A-1. Issues assigned to this rating are considered to have overwhelming or very strong capacity for timely payment. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designed A-1+.
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY’S)
Municipal Bonds
Aaa bonds are considered to be of the best quality. They are considered to have the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge”. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair a fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa bonds are considered to be of high quality by all standards. Together with Aaa bonds they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
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Those bonds in the Aa through B groups that Moody’s believes possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols Aa1, A1 or Baa1.
A bonds are considered to possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered to be upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment at some time in the future.
Baa bonds are considered to be medium grade obligations: they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and, in fact, have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba bonds are considered to have speculative elements: their future cannot be considered as well secured. Often, the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times in the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this grade.
B bonds are considered generally to lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa bonds are considered to be of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca bonds are considered to represent obligations that are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C bonds are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Conditional Ratings. Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operating experience, (c) rentals which begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting conditions attach. Parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of basis of condition.
Corporate Bonds
The description of the applicable rating symbols (Aaa, Aa, A, Baa, etc.) and their meanings is identical to that of the Municipal Bond ratings as set forth above, except for the numerical modifiers. Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in the Aa and A classifications of its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a midrange ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issuer ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Municipal Notes
MIG 1. This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2. This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
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MIG 3. This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for, but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
Commercial Paper
Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
Prime-1 Highest Quality
Prime-2 Higher Quality
Prime-3 High Quality
If an issuer represents to Moody’s that its commercial paper obligations are supported by the credit of another entity or entities, Moody’s, in assigning ratings to such issuers, evaluates the financial strength of the indicated affiliated corporations, commercial banks, insurance companies, foreign governments, or other entities, but only as one factor in the total rating assessment.
FITCH, INC. (FITCH)
Long-Term Debt
Investment Grade Bond Ratings
AAA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and/or dividends and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A bonds are considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than debt securities with higher ratings.
BBB bonds are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest or dividends and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these securities and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for securities with higher ratings.
Speculative Grade Bond Ratings
BB bonds are considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified, which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B bonds are considered highly speculative. While securities in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
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CCC bonds are considered to have certain identifiable characteristics that, if not remedied, may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business and economic environment.
CC bonds are considered to be minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or principal seems probable over time.
C bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, and D bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments. Such securities are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for recovery on these securities and D represents the lowest potential for recovery.
Plus (+) or minus (-): Plus or minus signs are used to show relative standing within the major rating categories. Plus and minus signs, however, are not used in the DDD, DD, or D categories.
Short-Term Debt
Fitch’s short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and investment notes.
F-1+ obligations have exceptionally strong credit quality and are considered to have the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1 obligations are considered to reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+.
F-2 obligations are considered to have good credit quality. Securities in this class have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+ and F-1 ratings.
F-3 obligations are considered to have characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for timely payment is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could cause these securities to be rated below investment grade.
F-S rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a minimal degree of assurance for timely payment and to be vulnerable to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
B obligations are considered to have a minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and a susceptibility to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.
C rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a high default risk and whose capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D obligations are in actual or imminent payment default.
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APPENDIX B — PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICY FOR LEGACY COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT CLIENTS
EFFECTIVE MAY 1, 2010
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (CMIA) has adopted the attached Proxy Voting Policy for purposes of voting proxies of securities held in certain client accounts1, with the following changes:
• | References to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and CMA are deemed to be references to Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC; and |
• | References to Bank of America Corporation and BAC are deemed to be references to Ameriprise Financial, Inc. |
In addition, the text of footnote 1 in the Proxy Voting Policy is hereby deleted and replaced with the following:
Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the corporate parent of Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, and all of its numerous affiliates own, operate and have interests in many lines of business that may create or give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest between Ameriprise Financial, Inc. or its affiliates and those of clients advised by Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC. For example, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. and its affiliates may have interests with respect to issuers of voting securities that could appear to or even actually conflict with Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC’s duty, in the proxy voting process, to act in the best economic interest of its clients.
1 | On April 30, 2010, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of CMIA, acquired from Bank of America, N.A. a portion of the asset management business of Columbia Management Group, LLC, the parent company of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”). In connection with this transaction, CMIA became the investment adviser of certain client accounts previously advised by CMA. CMIA will apply CMA’s Proxy Voting Policy to certain of these and other client accounts. |
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Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”) – Proxy Voting Policy
Last Review Date: | April 2010 | |
Applicable Regulatory Authority: | Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 Form N-PX ERISA Department of Labor Bulletin 08-2 Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (SEC No Action Letter dated September 15, 2004) |
Explanation/Summary of Regulatory Requirements
An investment adviser that exercises voting authority over clients’ proxies must adopt written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that those proxies are voted in the best economic interests of clients. An adviser’s policies and procedures must address how the adviser resolves material conflicts of interest between its interests and those of its clients. An investment adviser must comply with certain record keeping and disclosure requirements with respect to its proxy voting responsibilities. In addition, an investment adviser to Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) accounts has an affirmative obligation to vote proxies for an ERISA account, unless the client expressly retains proxy voting authority.
Policy Summary
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”) has adopted and implemented the following policy, which it believes is reasonably designed to: (1) ensure that proxies are voted in the best economic interest of clients; and (2) address material conflicts of interest that may arise. This policy applies primarily to the Global Wealth and Investment Management (“GWIM”) Investment Operations Group, the Investment groups (particularly, Equity and Chief Investment Officer’s Office), as well as to Compliance Risk Management (“CRM”) and Legal. CRM and Business groups to which this policy directly applies must adopt written procedures to implement this Policy.
Policy
All proxies regarding client securities for which CMA has authority to vote will, unless CMA determines in accordance with policies stated below to refrain from voting, be voted in a manner considered by CMA to be in the best interest of CMA’s clients without regard to any resulting benefit or detriment to CMA, its associates, or its affiliates. The best interest of clients is defined for this purpose as the interest of enhancing or protecting the economic value of client accounts, considered as a group rather than individually, as CMA determines in its sole and absolute discretion. In the event a client believes that its other interests require a different vote, CMA will vote as the client clearly instructs, provided CMA receives such instructions in time to act accordingly. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential. Therefore, the information may be shared on a need to know basis only, including within CMA and with CMA affiliates. Advisory clients, including mutual funds’ and other funds’ boards, may obtain information on how their proxies were voted by CMA. However, CMA will not selectively disclose its investment company clients’ proxy voting records to third parties. Rather, the investment company clients’ proxy records will be disclosed to shareholders by publicly-available annual filings for 12-month periods ending each year on June 30th on Form N-PX.
CMA endeavors to vote, in accordance with this Policy, all proxies of which it becomes aware prior to the vote deadline date, subject to certain general exceptions described below.
CMA seeks to avoid the occurrence of actual or apparent material conflicts of interest in the proxy voting process by voting in accordance with predetermined voting guidelines and observing other procedures that are intended to prevent where practicable and manage conflicts of interest (refer to Conflicts of Interest section below). CMA’s proxy voting policy and practices are summarized in its Form ADV. Additionally, CMA will provide clients with a copy of its policies, as they may be updated from time to time, upon request.
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Means of Achieving Compliance
The Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations is primarily responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the proxy voting process. The Proxy Group’s monitoring will take into account the following elements: (1) periodic review of the proxy vendor’s votes to ensure that the proxy vendor is accurately voting consistent with CMA’s Voting Guidelines; and (2) review of the Columbia Funds’ fund website to ensure that annual proxy voting reports are posted in a timely and accurate manner. CMA has established a Proxy Committee which is responsible for overseeing the proxy voting process.
The specific responsibilities of the Proxy Committee and scope of its oversight are described in the Proxy Committee’s charter.
CMA’S INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES’ RESPONSIBILITIES
Under CMA’s Voting Guidelines, certain matters must be determined on a case-by-case basis. In general, the Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations will refer these matters first to the relevant CMA research analyst after first confirming that the proxy matter does not present a potential conflict to CMA. If there is not a research analyst assigned to the particular security, the matter will be referred to the appropriate portfolio manager.
In considering a particular proxy matter, the research analyst or portfolio manager must vote in the clients’ best interest as defined above. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential information. Therefore, research analysts and portfolio managers generally must not discuss proxy votes with any person outside of CMA and within CMA except on a need to know basis only.
Research analysts and portfolio managers must discharge their responsibilities consistent with the obligations set forth below (refer to Management of Conflicts of Interest – Additional Procedures). A research analyst or portfolio manager must disclose in writing any inappropriate attempt to influence their recommendation or any other personal interest that they have with the issuer (see Appendix B – Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form). For each Proxy Referral (defined below), the research analyst or portfolio manager is responsible for memorializing their recommendation on the Proxy Voting Recommendation Form (see Appendix C) and communicating their recommendation to the Proxy Group.
Research analysts and portfolio managers should seek advice from CRM or Legal with respect to any questions that they have regarding personal conflicts of interests, communications regarding proxies, or other related matters.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
For purposes of this policy, a material conflict of interest is a relationship or activity engaged in by CMA, a CMA affiliate1, or a CMA associate that creates an incentive (or appearance thereof) to favor the interests of CMA, the affiliate, or associate, rather than the clients’ interests. However, a material conflict of interest is not automatically created when there is a relationship or activity engaged in by a CMA affiliate, but there is a possibility that a CMA affiliate could cause a conflict. CMA may have a conflict of interest if either CMA has a significant business relationship with a company that is soliciting a proxy, or if a CMA associate involved in the proxy voting decision-making process has a significant personal or family relationship with the particular
1 | Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”), the ultimate corporate parent of CMA, Bank of America, N.A. and all of their numerous affiliates owns, operates and has interests in many lines of business that may create or give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest between BAC or its affiliates and those of CMA-advised clients. For example, the commercial and investment banking business lines may have interests with respect to issuers of voting securities that could appear to or even actually conflict with CMA’s duty, in the proxy voting process, to act in the best economic interest of its clients. |
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company. A conflict of interest is considered to be “material” to the extent that a reasonable person could expect the conflict to influence CMA’s decision on the particular vote at issue. In all cases where there is deemed to be a material conflict of interest, CMA will seek to resolve said conflict in the clients’ best interests.
For those proxy proposals that: (1) are not addressed by CMA’s proxy voting guidelines; (2) the guidelines specify the issue must be evaluated and determined on a case-by-case basis; or (3) a CMA investment associate believes that an exception to the guidelines may be in the best economic interest of CMA’s clients (collectively, “Proxy Referrals”), CMA may vote the proxy, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures set forth below.
In the case of Proxy Referrals, CRM identifies companies with which CMA has a significant business relationships and Proxy Referrals of such companies will be voted consistent with CMA’s conflicts management procedures described below. For Proxy Referrals that do not involve companies with which CMA has a significant business relationship the relevant CMA investment personnel (i.e. research analyst, portfolio manager, members of Proxy Committee) involved in the particular Proxy Referral must report any personal conflict of interest circumstances (e.g., relationships with nominees for directorship, members of an issuer’s or dissident’s management or otherwise, unusual communications with parties outside the investment organization concerning a proxy matter) to Columbia Management’s Conflicts of Interest Officer in writing (see Appendix B). In the event any member of the Proxy Committee has a conflict of interest regarding a given matter, he or she will similarly disclose the circumstance and abstain from participating in the Committee’s determination of whether and/or how to vote in the matter.
If the Proxy Committee, the Chairperson of the Proxy Committee, or the Conflicts Officer determines that a proxy matter presents a material conflict of interest, or a material conflict of interest is otherwise determined to exist through the application of this Policy, CMA will invoke one or more of the following conflict management procedures:
• | Causing the proxies to be voted in accordance with the recommendations of an independent third party (which generally will be CMA’s proxy voting agent); |
• | Causing the proxies to be delegated to a qualified, independent third party, which may include CMA’s proxy voting agent; or |
• | In unusual cases, with the Client’s consent and upon ample notice, forwarding the proxies to CMA’s clients so that they may vote the proxies directly. |
Affiliate Investment Companies and Public Companies
CMA considers (1) proxies solicited by open-end and closed-end investment companies for which CMA or an affiliate serves as an investment adviser or principal underwriter; and (2) proxies solicited by Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”) or other public companies within the BAC organization to present a material conflict of interest for CMA. Consequently, the proxies of such affiliates will be voted following one of the conflict management practices discussed above.
Management of Conflicts of Interest – Additional Procedures
In certain circumstances, CMA follows the proxy guidelines and uses other research services provided by the proxy vendor or another independent third party. CMA reviews its proxy vendor’s conflicts of interest procedures as part of its oversight of the proxy vendor’s services.
CMA and other BAC affiliates have adopted various other policies and procedures that help reinforce this Policy. Please see any associated documents.
Ownership Limits – Delegation of Proxy Voting to an Independent Third Party
From time to time, CMA may face regulatory or compliance limits on the types or amounts of voting securities that it may purchase or hold for client accounts. Among other limits, federal, state, foreign regulatory restrictions, or company-specific ownership limits may restrict the total percentage of an issuer’s voting securities that CMA can hold for clients (collectively, “Ownership Limits”).
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The regulations or company-specific documents governing a number of these Ownership Limits often focus upon holdings in voting securities. As a result, in limited circumstances in order to comply with such Ownership Limits and/or internal policies designed to comply with such limits, CMA may delegate proxy voting in certain issuers to a qualified, independent third party, who may be CMA’s proxy voting agent.
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
A. CMA’s Proxy Voting Guidelines – General Practices.
The Proxy Committee has adopted the guidelines for voting proxies specified in Appendix A of this policy. CMA uses an independent, third-party proxy vendor to implement its proxy voting process as CMA’s proxy voting agent. In general, whenever a vote is solicited, the proxy vendor will execute the vote according to CMA’s Voting Guidelines.
B. Ability to Vote Proxies Other than as Provided by Voting Guidelines.
A Portfolio Manager or other party involved with a client’s account may conclude that the best interest of the firm’s client, as defined above, requires that a proxy be voted in a manner that differs from the predetermined proxy Voting Guidelines. In this situation, he or she will request in writing that the Proxy Committee consider voting the proxy other than according to such Guidelines and provide information as the Proxy Committee may request. The Proxy Committee may consider the matter, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures discussed above.
C. Other Proxy Matters
For the following categories, proxies will be voted as stated below:
1. New Proposals. For certain new proposals that are expected to be proposed to shareholders of multiple companies, the Proxy Committee may develop a Voting Guideline which will be incorporated into this Policy.
2. Accounts Adhering to Taft Hartley Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to Taft Hartley principles will be voted according to the Taft Hartley Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor.
3. Accounts Adhering to Socially Responsible Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to socially responsible principles will be voted according to the Socially Responsible Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client.
4. Proxies of International Issuers. In general, CMA will refrain from voting securities in cases where international issuers impose share blocking restrictions. However, in the exceptional circumstances that CMA determines that it would be appropriate to vote such securities, all proposals for these securities will be voted only on the specific instruction of the Proxy Committee and to the extent practicable in accordance with the Voting Guidelines set forth in this Policy. Additionally, proxies will typically not be voted in markets where powers of attorney are required to be executed in order to vote shares.
5. Proxy Referrals for Passive Index Accounts. Proxy Referrals for a security that is held only within a passive index account managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and not in any other account within CMA, shall be voted according to the guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client. However, if a security is held within a passive index account managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and within another CMA-managed account (including without limitation an account actively managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group), all proposals, including Proxy Referrals, will be voted in accordance with the Voting Guidelines, subject to the other provisions of this Policy.
6. Proxy Voting for Securities on Loan. CMA generally votes in cases where shares have been loaned from actively managed Columbia Funds as long as the shares have been recalled in a timely manner. However, CMA generally does not vote shares that have been loaned from passively managed Columbia Index Funds. Other CMA clients may have their own stock loan programs and may or may not recall their shares for proxy voting.
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Supervision
Managers and supervisory personnel are responsible for ensuring that their associates understand and follow this policy and any applicable procedures adopted by the business group to implement the policy. The Proxy Committee has ultimate responsibility for the implementation of this Policy.
Escalation
With the exception of conflicts of interest-related matters, issues arising under this policy should be escalated to the Proxy Committee. Issues involving potential or actual conflicts of interest should be promptly communicated to the Columbia Management Conflicts Officer.
Monitoring/Oversight
CRM and/or Corporate Internal Audit Group perform periodic reviews and assessments of various lines of businesses, including a review of Columbia Management’s compliance with the Proxy Voting Policy.
Recordkeeping
CMA will create and maintain records of each investment company’s proxy record for 12-month periods ended June 30th. CMA will compile the following information for each matter relating to a portfolio security considered at any shareholder meeting during the period covered by the annual report and for which CMA was entitled to vote:
• | The name of the issuer of the security; |
• | The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security (if symbol is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures number for the portfolio security (if number is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The shareholder meeting date; |
• | A brief identification of the matter voted on; |
• | Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; |
• | Whether the company cast its vote on the matter; |
• | How the company cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding the election of directors); and |
• | Whether the company cast its vote for or against management. |
Business groups and support partners are responsible for maintaining all records necessary to evidence compliance with this policy. The records must be properly maintained and readily accessible in order to evidence compliance with this policy.
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These records include:
Document | Responsible Party | |
Proxy Committee Meeting Minutes and Related Materials | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Proxy Vote Recommendation Form and Supporting Materials of Investment Management Personnel Concerning Proxy Decisions and Recommendations (or any other document created by CMA that was material to making a voting decision or that memorializes the basis for the voting decision) | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Conflicts of Interest Review Documentation, including Conflicts of Interest Forms | Compliance Risk Management | |
Client Communications Regarding Proxy Matters | Client Service Group | |
Copy of Each Applicable Proxy Statement Unless it has been Filed with the SEC and may be Obtained from the SEC’s EDGAR System | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations |
Records should be retained for a period of not less than six years plus the current year. Records must be retained in an appropriate office of CM for the first three years.
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APPENDIX A – CMA’s Proxy Voting Policy
CMA’S VOTING GUIDELINES
A. The Proxy Committee has adopted the following guidelines for voting proxies:
1. Matters Relating to the Board of Directors/Corporate Governance
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals for the election of directors or for an increase or decrease in the number of directors, provided that no more than one-third of the Board of Directors would, presently or at any time during the previous three-year period, be from management. |
However, CMA generally will WITHHOLD votes from pertinent director nominees if:
(i) | the board as proposed to be constituted would have more than one-third of its members from management; |
(ii) | the board does not have audit, nominating, and compensation committees composed solely of directors who qualify as being regarded as “independent,” i.e. having no material relationship, directly or indirectly, with the Company, as CMA’s proxy voting agent may determine (subject to the Proxy Committee’s contrary determination of independence or non-independence); |
(iii) | the nominee, as a member of the audit committee, permitted the company to incur excessive non-audit fees (as defined below regarding other business matters — ratification of the appointment of auditors); |
(iv) | a director serves on more than six public company boards; |
(v) | the CEO serves on more than two public company boards other than the company’s board; or |
(vi) | CMA generally will vote AGAINST Director nominee of a company who is chief executive officer of another company on whose board the company’s chief executive officer sits (i.e. interlocking executives). |
One a CASE-BY-CASE basis, CMA may WITHHOLD votes for a director nominee who has failed to observe good corporate governance practices or, through specific corporate action or inaction (e.g. failing to implement policies for which a majority of shareholders has previously cast votes in favor; served voted for the adoption of a poison pill without approval of shareholders), has demonstrated a disregard for the interests of shareholders.
• | Proposals requesting that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committee be composed solely of independent directors. The Audit Committee must satisfy the independence and experience requirements established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the New York Stock Exchange, or appropriate local requirements for foreign securities. At least one member of the Audit Committee must qualify as a “financial expert” in accordance with SEC rules. |
• | Proposals to declassify a board, absent special circumstances that would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by a classified board structure. |
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to separate the role of Chairman of the Board and CEO. |
• | Proposals that grant or restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause. |
• | Proposals to permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that encourage directors to own a minimum amount of company stock. |
• | Proposals to provide or to restore shareholder appraisal rights. |
• | Proposals for the company to adopt confidential voting. |
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CMA will generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for majority voting thresholds for director elections unless the company has adopted formal corporate governance principles that present a meaningful alternative to the majority voting standard and/or provides an adequate response to both new nominees as well as incumbent nominees who fail to receive a majority of votes cast.
CMA will generally vote FOR 162(m) bonus plans unless the Proxy Administrator recommends voting against a specific plan, in which case CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to classify boards, absent special circumstances indicating that shareholder interests would be better served by a classified board structure. |
• | Proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board without shareholder approval. |
• | Proposals that provide directors may be removed only by supermajority vote. |
• | Proposals which allow more than one vote per share in the election of directors. |
• | Proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that mandate a minimum amount of company stock that directors must own. |
• | Proposals to limit the tenure of non-management directors. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | In contested elections of directors. Proposals to adopt or eliminate cumulative voting. |
• | CMA generally will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on board approved proposals relating to corporate governance. Such proposals include, but are not limited to: |
• | Reimbursement of proxy solicitation expenses taking into consideration whether or not CMA was in favor of the dissidents. |
• | Proxy contest advance notice. CMA generally will vote FOR proposals that allow shareholders to submit proposals as close to the meeting date as possible while allowing for sufficient time for Company response, SEC review, and analysis by other shareholders. |
• | CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis to indemnify directors and officers, and AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors. |
• | CMA will vote FOR the indemnification of internal auditors, unless the costs associated with the approval are not disclosed. |
2. Compensation
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | CMA generally will vote FOR management sponsored compensation plans (such as bonus plans, incentive plans, stock option plans, pension and retirement benefits, stock purchase plans or thrift plans) if they are consistent with industry and country standards. |
• | Proposals requiring that executive severance arrangements be submitted for shareholder ratification. |
• | Proposals asking a company to expense stock options. |
• | Proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote. |
• | Employee stock purchase plans that have the following features: (i) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value, (ii) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less, and (iii) dilution is 10% or less. |
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• | Shareholder proposals to adopt a non-binding advisory vote on Executive Compensation (“Say on Pay”). |
• | CMA recognizes that individual compensation committees are in the best position to determine the optimal design of share based plans. However, CMA generally prefers a greater use of restricted stock in place of stock options due to the greater uncertainty involved with the valuation of stock options at the time of issue. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price, or that permit replacing or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals to authorize the replacement or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals requesting that plan administrators have advance authority to amend the terms of a plan without detailed disclosure of the specific amendments. When sufficient details are provided on the amendments permitted by the advance authority, CMA will recommend on such proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
• | CMA generally is opposed to compensation plans that substantially dilute ownership interest in a company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have objectionable structural features. Specifically, for equity-based plans, if the proposed number of shares authorized for option programs (excluding authorized shares for expired options) exceeds 5% of the average number of shares outstanding for the last 3 years, or exceeds 1% of the average number of shares outstanding for the last 3 years (for directors only), CMA will vote on such proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. CMA requires that management provide substantial justification for the repricing of options. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | Proposals regarding approval of specific executive severance arrangements. |
• | -Management proposals regarding “Say on Pay” (i.e. non-binding advisory vote on pay). |
• | Proposals that involve awarding 50% or more of the equity shares of an equity-based compensation plan to the top five or fewer executives. |
3. Capitalization
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to increase the authorized shares for stock dividends, stock splits (and reverse stock splits) or general issuance, unless proposed as an anti-takeover measure or a general issuance proposal increases the authorization by more than 30% without a clear need presented by the company. Proposals for reverse stock splits should include an overall reduction in authorization. |
For companies recognizing preemptive rights for existing shareholders, CMA generally will vote FOR general issuance proposals that increase the authorized shares by more than 30%. CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis all such proposals by companies that do not recognize preemptive rights for existing shareholders.
• | Proposals for the elimination of authorized but unissued shares or retirement of those shares purchased for sinking fund or treasury stock. |
• | Proposals to institute/renew open market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms. |
• | Proposals to reduce or change the par value of common stock, provided the number of shares is also changed in order to keep the capital unchanged. |
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CMA will evaluate on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals regarding:
• | Management proposals that allow listed companies to de-list and terminate the registration of their common stock. CMA will determine whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by giving consideration to: |
• | Whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly traded. |
• | Cash-out value |
• | Balanced interests of continuing vs. cashed-out shareholders |
• | Market reaction to public announcement of transaction |
4. Mergers, Restructurings and Other Transactions
CMA will review, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, business transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations, liquidations, spinoffs, buyouts and sale of all or substantially all of a company’s assets.
5. Anti-Takeover Measures
CMA generally will vote AGAINST proposals intended largely to avoid acquisition prior to the occurrence of an actual event or to discourage acquisition by creating a cost constraint. With respect to the following measures, CMA generally will vote as follows:
Poison Pills
• | CMA votes FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification. |
• | CMA generally votes FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate a poison pill. |
• | CMA generally votes AGAINST management proposals to ratify a poison pill. |
Greenmail
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or to otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments. |
Supermajority vote
• | CMA will vote AGAINST board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures such as supermajority voting provisions, issuance of blank check preferred stock, the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights and charter amendments adopting control share acquisition provisions. |
Control Share Acquisition Provisions
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes. |
6. Other Business Matters
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Bylaw amendments giving holders of at least 25% of outstanding common stock the ability to call a special meeting of stockholders. |
• | Board governance document amendments or other proposals which give the lead independent director the authority to call special meetings of the independent directors at any time. |
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CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to approve routine business matters such as changing the company’s name and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting such as approving the minutes of a prior meeting. |
• | Proposals to ratify the appointment of auditors, unless any of the following apply in which case CMA will generally vote AGAINST the proposal: |
• | Credible reason exists to question: |
• | The auditor’s independence, as determined by applicable regulatory requirements. |
• | The accuracy or reliability of the auditor’s opinion as to the company’s financial position. |
• | Fees paid to the auditor or its affiliates for “non-audit” services exceeds 25% of the total fees paid for “audit,” “audit-related” and “tax compliance” and/or “tax return preparation” services, as disclosed in the company’s proxy materials. |
• | Bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (e.g., updates or corrections). |
• | Proposals to approve the annual reports and accounts provided the certifications required by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 have been provided. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent or call special meetings. |
• | Proposals providing management with authority to adjourn an annual or special shareholder meeting absent compelling reasons, or to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws without shareholder approval, or to vote unmarked proxies in favor of management. |
• | Shareholder proposals to change the date, time or location of the company’s annual meeting of shareholders. |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Authorization to transact other unidentified substantive (as opposed to procedural) business at a meeting. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | Proposals to change the location of the company’s state of incorporation. CMA considers whether financial benefits (e.g., reduced fees or taxes) likely to accrue to the company as a result of a reincorporation or other change of domicile outweigh any accompanying material diminution of shareholder rights. |
• | Proposals on whether and how to vote on “bundled” or otherwise conditioned proposals, depending on the overall economic effects upon shareholders. |
CMA generally will ABSTAIN from voting on shareholder proposals predominantly involving social, socio-economic, environmental, political or other similar matters on the basis that their impact on share value can rarely be anticipated with any high degree of confidence. CMA may, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, vote:
• | FOR proposals seeking inquiry and reporting with respect to, rather than cessation or affirmative implementation of, specific policies where the pertinent issue warrants separate communication to shareholders; and |
• | FOR or AGAINST the latter sort of proposal in light of the relative benefits and detriments (e.g. distraction, costs, other burdens) to share value which may be expected to flow from passage of the proposal. |
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7. Other Matters Relating to Foreign Issues
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Most stock (scrip) dividend proposals. CMA votes AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value. |
• | Proposals to capitalize the company’s reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase the par value of shares. |
• | Proposals to approve control and profit transfer agreements between a parent and its subsidiaries. |
• | Management proposals seeking the discharge of management and supervisory board members, unless there is concern about the past actions of the company’s auditors/directors and/or legal action is being taken against the board by other shareholders. |
• | Management proposals concerning allocation of income and the distribution of dividends, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
• | Proposals for the adoption of financing plans if they are in the best economic interests of shareholders. |
CMA will generally vote FOR proposals to approve Directors’ Fees, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
CMA will evaluate management proposals to approve protective preference shares for Netherlands located company-friendly foundations proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis and will only support resolutions if:
• | The supervisory board needs to approve an issuance of shares while the supervisory board is independent within the meaning of CMA’s categorization rules and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. |
• | No call/put option agreement exists between the company and the foundation. |
• | There is a qualifying offer clause or there are annual management and supervisory board elections. |
• | The issuance authority is for a maximum of 18 months. |
• | The board of the company-friendly foundation is independent. |
• | The company has disclosed under what circumstances it expects to make use of the possibility to issue preference shares. |
• | There are no priority shares or other egregious protective or entrenchment tools. |
• | The company releases its proxy circular, with details of the poison pill proposal, at least three weeks prior to the meeting. |
• | Art 2:359c Civil Code of the legislative proposal has been implemented. |
8. Investment Company Matters
Election of Directors:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the election of directors, considering the following factors:
• | Board structure |
• | Attendance at board and committee meetings. |
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CMA will WITHHOLD votes from directors who:
• | Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse for the absences. Valid reasons include illness or absence due to company business. Participation via telephone is acceptable. In addition, if the director missed only one meeting or one day’s meetings, votes should not be withheld even if such absence dropped the director’s attendance below 75 percent. |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of shares outstanding; |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal this is approved by a majority of the votes cast for two consecutive years; |
• | Are interested directors and sit on the audit or nominating committee; or |
• | Are interested directors and the full board serves as the audit or nominating committee or the company does not have one of these committees. |
Proxy Contests:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for proxy contests, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance relative to its peers |
• | Market in which fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the pertinent issues (e.g., closed-end fund share market value discount to NAV) |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity and votes on related proposals |
• | Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents |
• | Independence of incumbent directors; director nominees |
• | Experience and skills of director nominees |
• | Governance profile of the company |
• | Evidence of management entrenchment |
Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund:
CMA will vote conversion proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance as a closed-end fund |
• | Market in which the fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the discount |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals. |
Investment Advisory Agreements:
CMA will vote investment advisory agreements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Proposed and current fee schedules |
• | Fund category/investment objective |
• | Performance benchmarks |
• | Share price performance as compared with peers |
• | Resulting fees relative to peers |
• | Assignments (where the adviser undergoes a change of control) |
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Approving New Classes or Series of Shares:
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.
Preferred Stock Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the authorization for or increase in the preferred shares, considering the following factors:
• | Stated specific financing purpose |
• | Possible dilution for common shares |
• | Whether the shares can be used for anti-takeover purposes |
Policies Addressed by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”):
CMA will vote proposals regarding adoption or changes of policies addressed by the 1940 Act on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Regulatory developments |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Current and potential risk |
CMA generally will vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with current SEC interpretations.
Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Non-fundamental Restriction:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:
• | Fund’s target investments |
• | Reasons given by the fund for the change |
• | Projected impact of the change on the portfolio |
Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Non-fundamental:
CMA will vote AGAINST proposals to change a fund’s investment objective from fundamental to non-fundamental unless management acknowledges meaningful limitations upon its future requested ability to change the objective
Name Change Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s name, considering the following factors:
• | Political/economic changes in the target market |
• | Consolidation in the target market |
• | Current asset composition |
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Change in Fund’s Subclassification:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s subclassification, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Risk of concentration |
• | Consolidation in target industry |
Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis these proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Strategies employed to salvage the company |
• | Past performance of the fund |
• | Terms of the liquidation |
Changes to the Charter Document:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change the charter document, considering the following factors:
• | The degree of change implied by the proposal |
• | The efficiencies that could result |
• | The state of incorporation; net effect on shareholder rights |
• | Regulatory standards and implications |
CMA will vote FOR:
• | Proposals allowing the Board to impose, without shareholder approval, fees payable upon redemption of fund shares, provided imposition of such fees is likely to benefit long-term fund investors (e.g., by deterring market timing activity by other fund investors) |
• | Proposals enabling the Board to amend, without shareholder approval, the fund’s management agreement(s) with its investment adviser(s) or sub-advisers, provided the amendment is not required by applicable law (including the Investment Company Act of 1940) or interpretations thereunder to require such approval |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals enabling the Board to: |
• | Change, without shareholder approval the domicile of the fund |
• | Adopt, without shareholder approval, material amendments of the fund’s declaration of trust or other organizational document |
Changing the Domicile of a Fund:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reincorporate, considering the following factors:
• | Regulations of both states |
• | Required fundamental policies of both states |
• | The increased flexibility available |
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Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval:
CMA will vote FOR proposals to enable the Board or Investment Adviser to hire and terminate sub-advisers, without shareholder approval, in accordance with applicable rules or exemptive orders under the Investment Company Act of 1940
Distribution Agreements:
CMA will vote these proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives |
• | The proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance |
• | The competitiveness of the fund in the industry |
• | Terms of the agreement |
Master-Feeder Structure:
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.
Mergers:
CMA will vote merger proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Resulting fee structure |
• | Performance of both funds |
• | Continuity of management personnel |
• | Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights |
Shareholder Proposals to Establish Director Ownership Requirement:
CMA will generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While CMA favors stockownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.
Shareholder Proposals to Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses.
Shareholder Proposals to Terminate the Investment Adviser:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to terminate the investment adviser, considering the following factors:
• | Performance of the fund’s NAV |
• | The fund’s history of shareholder relations |
• | The performance of other funds under the adviser’s management |
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APPENDIX B
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form
Conflict Review Questionnaire for Proxy Voting Working Group Members and Other Individuals
Participating in the Proxy Voting Decision-Making Process.
Instructions: Please complete each of the questions. Please provide an explanation for any affirmative responses. Return the completed questionnaire to Columbia Management Conflicts of Interest Officer.
Issuer and Proxy Matter: |
1. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any management personnel of the issuer1? |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
2. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any person participating, supporting, opposing or otherwise connected with the particular proxy proposal (e.g., principals of the issuer; director nominees of issuer company; shareholder activists)? |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
3. | Have you discussed this particular proxy proposal with anyone outside of Columbia Management’s investment group2? |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
4. | Are you aware of any other potential personal conflicts of interest not described above? Please detail below. |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
Name: |
Signed: |
Date: |
1 | Personal investing in the issuer by you or a member of your immediate family does not require an affirmative response to this item. |
2 | Communications with issuer or solicitors in the regular course of business would not have to be disclosed on this form. |
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APPENDIX C
CMA Proxy Vote Recommendation/Proxy Committee Request Form
Name of Investment Associate: |
Company Name: |
Overview of Proxy Vote and Meeting Date: |
Proxy Agenda Item(s)
Description of Item: | ||
(The above information will be pre-populated by the Proxy Department.) |
Recommendation (FOR, AGAINST, ABSTAIN) including brief rationale: |
Please attach any supporting information other than analysis or reports provided by the Proxy Department.
Signed
By signing, I am certifying that I either have no conflicts of interest-related information to report or have sent a completed “Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form” to Compliance Risk Management (Conflicts Officer).
Send Completed Forms to:
GWIM Investment Operations – Proxy Department
or
In the case of Proxy Votes to be referred to the Proxy Committee, submit this form and materials to the Chair of the Proxy Committee
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MacKay Shields Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures
MacKay Shields LLC
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
1. Introduction
MacKay Shields LLC (“MacKay Shields” or the “Firm”), has adopted these “Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures” (the “Policy”) to ensure the Firm’s compliance with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”) and other applicable fiduciary obligations. The Policy applies to proxies relating to securities held by clients of MacKay Shields who have delegated the responsibility of voting proxies to the Firm. The Policy is designed to assist Firm employees in meeting their specific responsibilities in this area and to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of the Firm’s clients.
2. Statement of Policy
2.1 It is the policy of MacKay Shields that where the Firm has voting authority, all proxies are to be voted in the best interest of the client without regard to the interests of MacKay Shields or other related parties. Specifically, MacKay Shields shall not subordinate the interests of clients to unrelated objectives. MacKay Shields shall act with the care, skill, prudence and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims. For purposes of the Policy, the “best interests of clients” shall mean, unless otherwise specified by the client, the clients’ best economic interests over the long term — that is, the common interest that all MacKay Shields clients share in seeing the value of a common investment increase over time. It is further the policy of the Firm that complete and accurate disclosure concerning its proxy voting policies and procedures and proxy voting records as required by the Advisers Act, be made available to its clients.
2.2 When proxies with respect to securities held by clients of MacKay Shields have not been received by MacKay Shields or its proxy voting service provider, MacKay Shields will make reasonable efforts to obtain missing proxies. MacKay Shields is not responsible for voting proxies it or its proxy voting service provider does not receive.
2.3 MacKay Shields may choose not to vote proxies under the following circumstances:
• | If the effect on the client’s economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant; |
• | If the cost of voting the proxy outweighs the possible benefit; or |
• | If a jurisdiction imposes share blocking restrictions which prevent the Firm from trading shares. |
3. Use of Third Party Proxy Voting Service Provider
To discharge its responsibility, MacKay Shields has examined third-party services that assist in the researching and voting of proxies and the development of voting guidelines. After such review, the Firm has selected RiskMetrics Group (“RM”), to assist it in researching voting proposals, analyzing the financial implications of voting proposals and voting proxies. MacKay Shields utilizes the research and analytical services, operational implementation, administration, record-keeping and reporting services provided by RM.
4. Proxy Voting Guidelines
4.1 MacKay Shields has determined that, except as set forth in Sections 6 and 7, proxies for non-union clients who so specify will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the applicable
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RM non-union domestic or global proxy voting guidelines, as in effect from time to time (“Non-Union Guidelines”). A summary of the current Non-Union Guidelines is attached as Exhibit A.
4.2 MacKay Shields has determined that, except as set forth in Sections 6 and 7, proxies for union or Taft-Hartley clients who so specify will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the applicable RM Taft-Hartley domestic or global proxy voting guidelines, as in effect from time to time (“Union Guidelines”). A summary of the current Union Guidelines is attached as Exhibit B.
4.3 For purposes of the Policy, the Non-Union and Union Guidelines are collectively referred to as the Standard Guidelines.
4.4 A client may choose to use proxy voting guidelines different from the Standard Guidelines (“Custom Guidelines”). Any Custom Guidelines must be furnished by the client to MacKay Shields in writing.
4.5 In the event the Standard Guidelines or any client’s Custom Guidelines do not address how a proxy should be voted or state that the vote is to be determined on a “case-by-case” basis, the proxy will be voted in accordance with RM recommendations, subject to Section 6. In the event that RM has not made a recommendation, MacKay Shields will follow the procedure set forth in Section 7.
4.6 Notwithstanding the foregoing, MacKay Shields will vote a proxy with respect to a particular security held by a client in accordance with such client’s specific request even if it is in a manner inconsistent with the Standard Guidelines or the client’s Custom Guidelines, as the case may be. Any such specific requests must be furnished to MacKay Shields by the client in writing and must be received by MacKay on a timely basis for instructing RM how to cast the vote.
4.7 In order to avoid possible conflicts of interest, MacKay Shields votes proxies based on the Standard Guidelines or a client’s Custom Guidelines, as the case may be. However, it is recognized that the Firm’s portfolio management team has the ultimate responsibility for proxy voting.
4.8 For clients using the Standard Guidelines, the Firm will instruct RM to cast votes in accordance with the Standard Guidelines. For clients using Custom Guidelines, the Firm will provide RM with a copy of such Custom Guidelines and will instruct RM to cast votes in accordance with such Custom Guidelines. RM will cast votes in accordance with the Standard Guidelines or Custom Guidelines, as the case may be, unless instructed otherwise by MacKay Shields as set forth in Sections 6 and 7. Upon receipt of a specific request from a client pursuant to Section 4.6, the Firm will instruct RM to cast such client’s proxy in accordance with such request.
5. Client Account Set-up and Review
5.1 Initially, MacKay Shields must determine whether the client seeks to retain the responsibility of voting proxies, or seeks to delegate that responsibility to the Firm. The marketing or client service person responsible for setting up the account, in conjunction with MacKay’s Legal/Compliance Department, will have primary responsibility for making that determination. In its sole discretion, the Firm may decline to accept authority to vote a client’s proxies. Any such refusal shall be in writing.
5.2 If MacKay Shields has authority to vote a client’s proxies, the marketing or client service person responsible for setting up the account will ask the client to specify in writing (which may be by e-mail) whether the Firm should vote proxies in accordance with the Non-Union Guidelines, Union Guidelines or Custom Guidelines.
5.3 In most cases, the delegation of voting authority to MacKay Shields, and the Firm’s use of a third-party proxy voting service provider shall be memorialized in the client’s investment management agreement.
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5.4 MacKay Shields shall notify RM of new client accounts using such form as RM shall specify from time to time. Designated personnel within the Firm will be responsible for ensuring that each new client’s account for which the Firm has proxy voting authority is established on the appropriate systems and that each such account is properly coded for voting under the appropriate Non-Union Guidelines, Union Guidelines or Custom Guidelines, as the case may be.
6. Overriding Guidelines
A portfolio manager may propose that a particular proxy vote be cast in a manner different from the Standard Guidelines or a RM voting recommendation, or may propose an abstention from voting, if he/she believes that to do so, based on all facts and circumstances, is in the best interest of the Firm’s clients as a whole. Any portfolio manager who proposes to override the Standard Guidelines or a RM voting recommendation on a particular vote or to abstain from voting must complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form, which is set forth in Schedule C.
7. Referral of Voting Decision by RM to MacKay Shields
7.1 In the event that the Standard Guidelines or a client’s Custom Guidelines do not address how a proxy should be voted on a specific proposal for an issuer and RM has not made a recommendation as to how such proxy should be voted, RM will so advise MacKay Shields. In that event, the Legal/Compliance Department will request that the appropriate portfolio manager make a voting recommendation and complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form.
7.2 In the event that the Standard Guidelines or a client’s Custom Guidelines require a “case-by-case” determination on a particular proxy vote and RM has not made a recommendation as to how such proxy should be voted, RM will so advise MacKay Shields. In that event, the Legal/Compliance Department will request that the appropriate portfolio manager make a voting recommendation and complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form.
7.3 In the event that RM determines that a conflict of interest exists as a result of which RM is precluded from making a recommendation as to how a proxy should be voted on a specific proposal for an issuer, RM will so advise MacKay Shields. In that event, the Legal/Compliance Department will request that the appropriate portfolio manager make a voting recommendation and complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form.
8. Conflicts of Interest
8.1 The Firm’s portfolio managers may make proxy voting decisions in connection with (i) overriding the Standard Guidelines or an RM voting recommendation pursuant to Section 6, or (ii) deciding on a vote pursuant to Section 7. In such event, the portfolio managers have an affirmative duty to disclose any potential conflict of interest known to them that exists between the Firm and the client on whose behalf the proxy is to be voted (“Conflict”).
8.2. By way of example, Conflicts may exist in situations where the Firm is called to vote on a proxy involving an issuer or proponent of a proxy proposal regarding the issuer where MacKay Shields or an affiliated person of the Firm also:
• | Manages the issuer’s or proponent’s pension plan; |
• | Administers the issuer’s or proponent’s employee benefit plan; |
• | Provided brokerage, underwriting, insurance or banking services to the issuer or proponent; or |
• | Manages money for an employee group. |
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Additional Conflicts may exist, among others, if an executive of the Firm or its control affiliates is a close relative of, or has a personal or business relationship with:
• | An executive of the issuer or proponent; |
• | A director of the issuer or proponent; |
• | A person who is a candidate to be a director of the issuer; |
• | A participant in the proxy contest; or |
• | A proponent of a proxy proposal. |
8.3 Whether a relationship creates a Conflict will depend on the facts and circumstances. Even if these parties do not attempt to influence the Firm with respect to voting, the value of the relationship to MacKay Shields or an affiliate can create a Conflict.
8.4 After a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form is completed pursuant to Sections 6 or 7, such Form, which elicits information as to whether a potential Conflict exists, must be submitted to the Legal/Compliance Department for review. If the Firm’s General Counsel (“GC”) or Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) determines that there is no potential Conflict, the GC or CCO or their designee may instruct RM to vote the proxy issue as set forth in the completed Form.
8.5 If the GC or CCO determines that there exists or may exist a Conflict, he or she will refer the issue to the Compliance Committee for consideration by convening (in person or via telephone) an emergency meeting of the Compliance Committee. For purposes of this Policy, a majority vote of those members present shall resolve any Conflict. The Compliance Committee will consider the facts and circumstances of the pending proxy vote and the potential or actual Conflict and make a determination as to how to vote the proxy — i.e., whether to permit or deny the recommendation of the portfolio manager, or whether to take other action, such as delegating the proxy vote to an independent third party or obtaining voting instructions from clients.
8.6 In considering the proxy vote and potential Conflict, the Compliance Committee may review the following factors, including but not limited to:
• | The percentage of outstanding securities of the issuer held on behalf of clients by the Firm. |
• | The nature of the relationship of the issuer with the Firm, its affiliates or its executive officers. |
• | Whether there has been any attempt to directly or indirectly influence the portfolio manager’s decision. |
• | Whether the direction (for or against) of the proposed vote would appear to benefit the Firm or a related party. |
• | Whether an objective decision to vote in a certain way will still create a strong appearance of a Conflict. |
MacKay Shields may not abstain from voting any such proxy for the purpose of avoiding Conflict.
9. Securities Lending
MacKay Shields portfolio managers will monitor upcoming meetings and MacKay Shields will request that clients call back securities loans, if applicable, in anticipation of an important vote to be taken among holders of the securities or of the giving or withholding of their consent on a material matter affecting the investment. In determining whether to request that clients call back securities loans, the relevant portfolio manager(s) shall consider whether the benefit to the client in voting the matter outweighs the benefit to the client in keeping the security on loan.
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10. Reporting
Upon request, MacKay Shields shall report annually (or more frequently if specifically requested) to its clients on proxy votes cast on their behalf. MacKay Shields will provide any client who makes a written or verbal request with a copy of a report disclosing how MacKay Shields voted securities held in that client’s portfolio. The report will generally contain the following information:
• | The name of the issuer of the security; |
• | The security’s exchange ticker symbol; |
• | The security’s CUSIP number; |
• | The shareholder meeting date; |
• | A brief identification of the matter voted on; |
• | Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; |
• | Whether MacKay Shields cast its vote on the matter; |
• | How MacKay Shields voted; and |
• | Whether MacKay Shields voted for or against management. |
11. Record-Keeping
Either MacKay Shields or RM as indicated below will maintain the following records:
• | A copy of the Policy and MacKay’s Standard Guidelines; |
• | A copy of each proxy statement received by MacKay Shields or forwarded to RM by the client’s custodian regarding client securities; |
• | A record of each vote cast by MacKay Shields on behalf of a client; |
• | A copy of all documents created by MacKay Shields that were material to making a decision on the proxy voting (or abstaining from voting) of client securities or that memorialize the basis for that decision including the resolution of any Conflict, a copy of all guideline override requests and all supporting documents; and |
• | A copy of each written request by a client for information on how MacKay Shields voted proxies on behalf of the client, as well as a copy of any written response by MacKay Shields to any request by a client for information on how MacKay Shields voted proxies on behalf of the client; records of oral requests for information or oral responses will not be kept. |
Such records must be maintained for at least eight years.
12. Review of Voting and Guidelines
As part of its periodic reviews, MacKay Shields’ Legal/Compliance Department will conduct an annual review of the prior year’s proxy voting as well as the guidelines established for proxy voting. Documentation shall be maintained of this review and a report setting forth the results of the review will be presented annually to the Compliance Committee.
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13. How to Request Information On How the Firm Voted Proxies
Clients may, at anytime, request and receive information from MacKay Shields as to how the Firm voted proxies for securities held in their account. Any such proxy information request should be in writing and mailed or faxed [(212)-754-9205] to MacKay Shields Client Services Department at:
MacKay Shields LLC
9 West 57th Street
New York, NY 10019
ATTN: Client Services
Attachments:
Exhibit A— | Summary of Standard Guidelines for non-union clients | |
Exhibit B— | Summary of Standard Guidelines for union clients (Taft-Hartley) | |
Schedule C— | Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form |
Effective | February 12, 2010 |
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2010 U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary
January 8, 2010
Copyright © 2009-2010 by RiskMetrics Group.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing Department, One Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a trademark used herein under license.
Risk Management | RiskMetrics Labs | ISS Governance Services | Financial Research & Analysis
www.riskmetrics.com
Table of Contents
RiskMetrics Group
2010 U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary
Effective for Meetings on or after Feb. 1, 2010
Published December 31, 2009
Updated Jan. 8, 2010
The following is a condensed version of the proxy voting recommendations contained in the RiskMetrics’ (RMG) U.S. Proxy Voting Manual.
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Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Independent Committees | B-44 | |||
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Proxy Contests- Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections | B-45 | |||
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Poison Pills- Shareholder Proposals to put Pill to a Vote and/or Adopt a Pill Policy | B-48 | |||
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Specific Treatment of Certain Award Types in Equity Plan Evaluations: | B-66 | |||
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Incentive Bonus Plans and Tax Deductibility Proposals (OBRA-Related Compensation Proposals) | B-68 | |||
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Compensation Consultants- Disclosure of Board or Company’s Utilization | B-71 | |||
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Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval | B-90 | |||
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Generally vote AGAINST proposals to provide management with the authority to adjourn an annual or special meeting absent compelling reasons to support the proposal.
Vote FOR proposals that relate specifically to soliciting votes for a merger or transaction if supporting that merger or transaction. Vote AGAINST proposals if the wording is too vague or if the proposal includes “other business.”
— — — — —
Vote AGAINST proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal.
— — — — —
Vote FOR bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (updates or corrections).
— — — — —
Vote FOR proposals to change the corporate name.
— — — — —
Change Date, Time, or Location of Annual Meeting
Vote FOR management proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable.
Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable.
— — — — —
Vote AGAINST proposals to approve other business when it appears as voting item.
— — — — —
Auditor Indemnification and Limitation of Liability
Consider the issue of auditor indemnification and limitation of liability on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Factors to be assessed include, but are not limited to:
• | The terms of the auditor agreement- the degree to which these agreements impact shareholders’ rights; |
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• | Motivation and rationale for establishing the agreements; |
• | Quality of disclosure; and |
• | Historical practices in the audit area. |
WITHHOLD or vote AGAINST members of an audit committee in situations where there is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.
— — — — —
Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:
• | An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent; |
• | There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position; |
• | Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures; or |
• | Fees for non-audit services (“Other” fees) are excessive. |
Non-audit fees are excessive if:
• | Non-audit (“other”) fees > audit fees + audit related fees + tax compliance/preparation fees |
Tax compliance and preparation include the preparation of original and amended tax returns, refund claims and tax payment planning. All other services in the tax category, such as tax advice, planning or consulting should be added “Other” fees. If the breakout of tax fees cannot be determined, add all tax fees to “Other “ fees.
In circumstances where “Other” fees include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events: initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs; and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit/audit-related fees/tax compliance and preparation for purposes of determining whether non-audit fees are excessive.
— — — — —
Shareholder Proposals Limiting Non-Audit Services
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors from engaging in non-audit services.
— — — — —
Shareholder Proposals on Audit Firm Rotation
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account:
• | The tenure of the audit firm; |
• | The length of rotation specified in the proposal; |
• | Any significant audit-related issues at the company; |
• | The number of Audit Committee meetings held each year; |
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• | The number of financial experts serving on the committee; and |
• | Whether the company has a periodic renewal process where the auditor is evaluated for both audit quality and competitive price. |
— — — — —
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Votes on director nominees should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Four fundamental principles apply when determining votes on director nominees:
• | Board Accountability: Practices that promote accountability include: transparency into a company’s governance practices; annual board elections; and providing shareholders the ability to remove problematic directors and to vote on takeover defenses or other charter/bylaw amendments. These practices help reduce the opportunity for management entrenchment. |
• | Board Responsiveness: Directors should be responsive to shareholders, particularly in regard to shareholder proposals that receive a majority vote and to tender offers where a majority of shares are tendered. Furthermore, shareholders should expect directors to devote sufficient time and resources to oversight of the company. |
• | Director Independence: Without independence from management, the board may be unwilling or unable to effectively set company strategy and scrutinize performance or executive compensation. |
• | Director Competence: Companies should seek directors who can add value to the board through specific skills or expertise and who can devote sufficient time and commitment to serve effectively. While directors should not be constrained by arbitrary limits such as age or term limits, directors who are unable to attend board and committee meetings and/or who are overextended (i.e. serving on too many boards) raise concern on the director’s ability to effectively serve in shareholders’ best interests. |
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST1 the entire board of directors (except new nominees2, who should be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis), if:
• | The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election — any or all appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable; |
• | The company’s poison pill has a “dead-hand” or “modified dead-hand feature. Vote withhold/against every year until this feature is removed; |
1 | In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “withhold” as the valid contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company. |
2 | A “new nominee” is any current nominee who has not already been elected by shareholders and who joined the board after the problematic action in question transpired. If RMG cannot determine whether the nominee joined the board before or after the problematic action transpired, the nominee will be considered a “new nominee” if he or she joined the board within the 12 months prior to the upcoming shareholder meeting. |
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• | The board adopts a poison pill with -term aterm pill”), of existing pill, including any “short-term” pill (12 months or less), commitment or policy that puts a newly-adopted pill to a binding shareholder vote may potentially offset an adverse vote recommendation. Review such companies with classified boards every year, and such companies with annually-elected boards at least once every three years, and vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees if the company still maintains a non-shareholder-approved poison pill. This policy applies to all companies adopting or renewing pills after the announcement of this policy (Nov 19, 2009); |
• | The board makes a material adverse change to an existing poison pill without shareholder approval. |
Vote CASE-By-CASE on all nominees if the board adopts a poison pill with a term of 12 months or less (“short-term pill”) without shareholder approval, taking into account the following factors:
• | The date of the pill’s adoption relative to the date of the next meeting of shareholders- i.e. whether the company had time to put the pill on ballot for shareholder ratification given the circumstances; |
• | The issuer’s rationale; |
• | The issuer’s governance structure and practices; and |
• | The issuer’s track record of accountability to shareholders. |
Problematic Audit-Related Practices
Generally, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:
• | The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive (see discussion under “Auditor Ratification”); |
• | The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; or |
• | There is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm. |
Vote CASE-by-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and/or the full board if:
• | Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and duration, as the company’s efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether WITHHOLD/AGAINST votes are warranted. |
Problematic Compensation Practices
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
• | There is a negative correlation between chief executive pay and company performance (see Pay for Performance Policy); |
• | The company reprices underwater options for stock, cash, or other consideration without prior shareholder approval, even if allowed in the firm’s equity plan; |
• | The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote; |
• | The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment made to shareholders; |
• | The company has problematic pay practices. Problematic pay practices may warrant withholding votes from the CEO and potentially the entire board as well. |
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Other Problematic Governance Practices
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis), if:
• | The company’s proxy indicates that not all directors attended 75 percent of the aggregate board and committee meetings, but fails to provide the required disclosure of the names of the director(s) involved. If this information cannot be obtained, withhold from all incumbent directors; |
• | The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one- and three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s five-year total shareholder return and five-year operational metrics. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to: |
— | A classified board structure; |
— | A supermajority vote requirement; |
— | Majority vote standard for director elections with no carve out for contested elections; |
— | The inability for shareholders to call special meetings; |
— | The inability for shareholders to act by written consent; |
— | A dual-class structure; and/or |
— | A non-shareholder approved poison pill. |
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:
• | Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company; |
• | Failure to replace management as appropriate; or |
• | Egregious actions related to the director(s) service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company. |
Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis), if:
• | The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval by a majority of the shares outstanding the previous year (a management proposal with other than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken); |
• | The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of the majority of shares cast for the previous two consecutive years (a management proposal with other than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken); |
• | The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders tendered their shares; or |
• | At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote. |
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Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST Inside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors (per the Categorization of Directors) when:
• | The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees: audit, compensation, or nominating; |
• | The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee; |
• | The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee; or |
• | The full board is less than majority independent. |
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:
• | Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse, such as illness, service to the nation, work on behalf of the company, or funeral obligations. If the company provides meaningful public or private disclosure explaining the director’s absences, evaluate the information on a CASE-BY-CASE basis taking into account the following factors: |
— | Degree to which absences were due to an unavoidable conflict; |
— | Pattern of absenteeism; and |
— | Other extraordinary circumstances underlying the director’s absence; |
• | Sit on more than six public company boards; |
• | Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own — withhold only at their outside boards. |
— — — — —
2010 RMG Categorization of Directors
1. | Inside Director (I) |
1.1. | Employee of the company or one of its affiliatesi. |
1.2. | Among the five most highly paid individuals (excluding interim CEO). |
1.3. | Listed as an officer as defined under Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (“section 16 officer”)ii. |
1.4. | Current interim CEO. |
1.5. | Beneficial owner of more than 50 percent of the company’s voting power (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed among more than one member of a defined group). |
2. | Affiliated Outside Director (AO) |
Board Attestation
2.1. | Board attestation that an outside director is not independent. |
Former CEO
2.2. | Former CEO of the companyiii,iv. |
2.3. | Former CEO of an acquired company within the past five yearsiv. |
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2.4. | Former interim CEO if the service was longer than 18 months. If the service was between twelve and eighteen months an assessment of the interim CEO’s employment agreement will be madev. |
Non-CEO Executives
2.5. | Former Section 16 officerii of the company, an affiliatei or an acquired firm within the past five years. |
2.6. | Section 16 officerii of a former parent or predecessor firm at the time the company was sold or split off from the parent/predecessor within the past five years. |
2.7. | Section 16 officerii, former Section 16 officer, or general or limited partner of a joint venture or partnership with the company. |
Family Members
2.8. | Immediate family membervi of a current or former Section 16 officerii of the company or its affiliatesi within the last five years. |
2.9. | Immediate family membervi of a current employee of company or its affiliatesi where additional factors raise concern (which may include, but are not limited to, the following: a director related to numerous employees; the company or its affiliates employ relatives of numerous board members; or a non-Section 16 officer in a key strategic role). |
Transactional, Professional, Financial, and Charitable Relationships
2.10. | Currently provides (or an immediate family membervi provides) professional servicesvii to the company, to an affiliatei of the company or an individual officer of the company or one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year. |
2.11. | Is (or an immediate family membervi is) a partner in, or a controlling shareholder or an employee of, an organization which provides professional servicesvii to the company, to an affiliatei of the company, or an individual officer of the company or one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year. |
2.12. | Has (or an immediate family membervi has) any material transactional relationshipviii with the company or its affiliatesi (excluding investments in the company through a private placement). |
2.13. | Is (or an immediate family membervi is) a partner in, or a controlling shareholder or an executive officer of, an organization which has any material transactional relationshipviii with the company or its affiliatesi (excluding investments in the company through a private placement). |
2.14. | Is (or an immediate family membervi is) a trustee, director, or employee of a charitable or non-profit organization that receives material grants or endowmentsviii from the company or its affiliatesi. |
Other Relationships
2.15. | Party to a voting agreementix to vote in line with management on proposals being brought to shareholder vote. |
2.16. | Has (or an immediate family membervi has) an interlocking relationship as defined by the SEC involving members of the board of directors or its Compensation Committeex. |
2.17. | Founderxi of the company but not currently an employee. |
2.18. | Any materialxii relationship with the company. |
3. | Independent Outside Director (IO) |
3.1. | No materialxii connection to the company other than a board seat. |
Footnotes:
i | “Affiliate” includes a subsidiary, sibling company, or the parent company. RMG uses 50 percent control ownership by the parent company as the standard for applying its affiliate designation. |
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ii | “Section 16 officer” (officers subject to Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934) includes the chief executive, operating, financial, legal, technology, and accounting officers of a company (including the president, treasurer, secretary, controller, or any vice president in charge of a principal business unit, division, or policy function). A non-employee director serving as an officer due to statutory requirements (e.g. corporate secretary) will be classified as an Affiliated Outsider. If the company provides explicit disclosure that the director is not receiving additional compensation in excess of $10,000 per year for serving in that capacity, then the director will be classified as an Independent Outsider. |
iii | Includes any former CEO of the company prior to the company’s initial public offering (IPO). |
iv | When there is a former CEO of a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) serving on the board of an acquired company, RMG will generally classify such directors as independent unless determined otherwise taking into account the following factors: the applicable listing standards determination of such director’s independence; any operating ties to the firm; and the existence of any other conflicting relationships or related party transactions. |
v | RMG will look at the terms of the interim CEO’s employment contract to determine if it contains serverance pay, long-term health and pension benefits, or other such standard provisions typically contained in contracts of permanent, non-temporary CEOs. RMG will also consider if a formal search process was underway for a full-time CEO at the time. |
vi | “Immediate family member” follows the SEC’s definition of such and cover spouses, parents, children, step-parents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for director, executive officer, or significant shareholder of the company. |
vii | Professional services can be characterized as advisory in nature, generally involve access to sensitive company information or to strategic decision-making, and typically have a commission- or fee-based payment structure. Professional services generally include, but are not limited to the following: investment banking/financial advisory services; commercial banking (beyond deposit services); investment services; insurance services; accounting/audit services; consulting services; marketing services; legal services; property management services; realtor services; lobbying services; executive search services; and IT consulting services. The following would generally be considered transactional relationships and not professional services: deposit services; IT tech support services; educational services; and construction services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate by a non-lead bank should be considered a transactional (and hence subject to the associated materiality test) rather than a professional relationship. “Of Counsel” relationships are only considered immaterial if the individual does not receive any form of compensation (in excess of $10,000 per year) from, or is a retired partner of, the firm providing the professional service. The case of a company providing a professional service to one of its directors or to an entity with which one of its directors is affiliated, will be considered a transactional rather than a professional relationship. Insurance services and marketing services are assumed to be professional services unless the company explains why such services are not advisory. |
viii | A material transactional relationship, including grants to non-profit organizations, exists if the company makes annual payments to, or receives annual payments from, another entity exceeding the greater of $200,000 or 5 percent of the recipient’s gross revenues, in the case of a company which follows NASDAQ listing standards; or the greater of $1,000,000 or 2 percent of the recipient’s gross revenues, in the case of a company which follows NYSE/Amex listing standards. In the case of a company which follows neither of the preceding standards, RMG will apply the NASDAQ-based materiality test. (The recipient is the party receiving the financial proceeds from the transaction). |
ix | Dissident directors who are parties to a voting agreement pursuant to a settlement arrangement, will generally be classified as independent unless determined otherwise taking into account the following factors: the terms of the agreement; the duration of the standstill provision in the agreement; the limitations and requirements of actions that are agreed upon; if the dissident director nominee(s) is subject to the standstill; and if there any conflicting relationships or related party transactions. |
x | Interlocks include: executive officers serving as directors on each other’s compensation or similar committees (or, in the absence of such a committee, on the board); or executive officers sitting on each other’s boards and at least one serves on the other’s compensation or similar committees (or in the absence of such a committee on the board). |
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xi | The operating involvement of the founder with the company will be considered. Little to no operating involvement may cause RMG to deem the founder as an independent outsider. |
xii | For purposes of RMG’s director independence classification, “material” will be defined as a standard of relationship (financial, personal or otherwise) that a reasonable person might conclude could potentially influence one’s objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that would have a meaningful impact on an individual’s ability to satisfy requisite fiduciary standards on behalf of shareholders. |
— — — — —
Board-Related Management Proposals
Vote AGAINST management proposal to limit the tenure of outside directors through mandatory retirement ages.
— — — — —
Vote FOR proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size.
Vote AGAINST proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.
— — — — —
Classification/Declassification of the Board
Vote AGAINST proposals to classify (stagger) the board.
Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.
— — — — —
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.
— — — — —
Director and Officer Indemnification and Liability Protection
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals on director and officer indemnification and liability protection using Delaware law as the standard.
Vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate entirely directors’ and officers’ liability for monetary damages for violating the duty of care.
Vote AGAINST indemnification proposals that would expand coverage beyond just legal expenses to liability for acts, such as negligence, that are more serious violations of fiduciary obligation than mere carelessness.
Vote AGAINST proposals that would expand the scope of indemnification to provide for mandatory indemnification of company officials in connection with acts that previously the company was permitted to provide indemnification for at the discretion of the company’s board (i.e., “permissive indemnification”) but that previously the company was not required to indemnify.
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Vote FOR only those proposals providing such expanded coverage in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if both of the following apply:
• | If the director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company; and |
• | If only the director’s legal expenses would be covered. |
— — — — —
Establish/Amend Nominee Qualifications
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that establish or amend director qualifications. Votes should be based on how reasonable the criteria are and to what degree they may preclude dissident nominees from joining the board.
— — — — —
Filling Vacancies/Removal of Directors
Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.
Vote FOR proposals to restore shareholders’ ability to remove directors with or without cause.
Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.
Vote FOR proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.
— — — — —
Majority Vote Threshold for Director Elections
Generally vote FOR management proposals to adopt a majority of votes cast standard for directors in uncontested elections. Vote AGAINST if no carve-out for plurality in contested elections is included.
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Vote AGAINST management proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors through term limits. However, scrutinize boards where the average tenure of all directors exceeds 15 years for independence from management and for sufficient turnover to ensure that new perspectives are being added to the board.
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Board-Related Shareholder Proposals/Initiatives
Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors through mandatory retirement ages.
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Annual Election (Declassification) of the Board
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to repeal classified (staggered) boards and to elect all directors annually.
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Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting unless:
• | The company has proxy access or a similar structure3 to allow shareholders to nominate directors to the company’s ballot; and |
• | The company has adopted a majority vote standard, with a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats, and a director resignation policy to address failed elections. |
Vote FOR proposals for cumulative voting at controlled companies (insider voting power > 50%).
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Establish/Amend Nominee Qualifications
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that establish or amend director qualifications. Votes should be based on the reasonableness of the criteria and to what degree they may preclude dissident nominees from joining the board.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder resolutions seeking a director nominee candidate who possesses a particular subject matter expertise, considering:
• | The company’s board committee structure, existing subject matter expertise, and board nomination provisions relative to that of its peers; |
• | The company’s existing board and management oversight mechanisms regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought; |
• | The company disclosure and performance relating to the issue for which board oversight is sought and any significant related controversies; and |
• | The scope and structure of the proposal. |
— — — — —
Establishment of Board Committees Shareholder Proposals
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to establish a new board committee, as such proposals seek a specific oversight mechanism/structure that potentially limits a company’s flexibility to determine an appropriate oversight mechanism for itself. However, the following factors will be considered:
• | Existing oversight mechanisms (including current committee structure) regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought; |
• | Level of disclosure regarding the issue for which board oversight is sought; |
• | Company performance related to the issue for which board oversight is sought; |
• | Board committee structure compared to that of other companies in its industry sector; and/or |
• | The scope and structure of the proposal. |
— — — — —
Establishment of Board Policy on Shareholder Engagement
Generally vote FOR shareholders proposals requesting that the board establish an internal mechanism/process, which may include a committee, in order to improve communications between directors and shareholders, unless the company has the following features, as appropriate:
• | Established a communication structure that goes beyond the exchange requirements to facilitate the exchange of information between shareholders and members of the board; |
3 | Similar structure” would be a structure that allows shareholders to nominate candidates who the company will include on the management ballot IN ADDITION TO management’s nominees, and their bios are included in management’s proxy. |
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• | Effectively disclosed information with respect to this structure to its shareholders; |
• | Company has not ignored majority-supported shareholder proposals or a majority withhold vote on a director nominee; and |
• | The company has an independent chairman or a lead director, according to RMG’s definition. This individual must be made available for periodic consultation and direct communication with major shareholders. |
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Filling Vacancies/Removal of Directors
Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.
Vote FOR proposals to restore shareholders’ ability to remove directors with or without cause.
Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.
Vote FOR proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.
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Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by an independent director, unless the company satisfies all of the following criteria:
The company maintains the following counterbalancing governance structure:
• | Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with clearly delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a presiding director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director; however the director must serve a minimum of one year in order to qualify as a lead director.) The duties should include, but are not limited to, the following: |
— | presides at all meetings of the board at which the chairman is not present, including executive sessions of the independent directors; |
— | serves as liaison between the chairman and the independent directors; |
— | approves information sent to the board; |
— | approves meeting agendas for the board; |
— | approves meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient time for discussion of all agenda items; |
— | has the authority to call meetings of the independent directors; |
— | if requested by major shareholders, ensures that he is available for consultation and direct communication; |
• | Two-thirds independent board; |
• | All independent key committees; |
• | Established governance guidelines; |
• | A company in the Russell 3000 universe must not have exhibited sustained poor total shareholder return (TSR) performance, defined as one- and three-year TSR in the bottom half of the company’s |
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four-digit GICS industry group (using Russell 3000 companies only), unless there has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within that time. For companies not in the Russell 3000 universe, the company must not have underperformed both its peers and index on the basis of both one-year and three-year total shareholder returns, unless there has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within that time; |
• | The company does not have any problematic governance or management issues, examples of which include, but are not limited to: |
— | Egregious compensation practices; |
— | Multiple related-party transactions or other issues putting director independence at risk; |
— | Corporate and/or management scandals; |
— | Excessive problematic corporate governance provisions; or |
— | Flagrant actions by management or the board with potential or realized negative impacts on shareholders. |
— — — — —
Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Independent Committees
Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the proposed threshold by RMG’s definition of independent outsider. (See Categorization of Directors.)
Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors if they currently do not meet that standard.
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Majority Vote Shareholder Proposals
Generally vote FOR precatory and binding resolutions requesting that the board change the company ‘s bylaws to stipulate that directors need to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast, provided it does not conflict with the state law where the company is incorporated. Binding resolutions need to allow for a carve-out for a plurality vote standard when there are more nominees than board seats.
Companies are strongly encouraged to also adopt a post-election policy (also know as a director resignation policy) that will provide guidelines so that the company will promptly address the situation of a holdover director.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for open or proxy access, taking into account:
• | The ownership threshold proposed in the resolution; |
• | The proponent’s rationale for the proposal at the targeted company in terms of board and director conduct. |
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Proxy Contests- Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:
• | Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry; |
• | Management’s track record; |
• | Background to the proxy contest; |
• | Qualifications of director nominees (both slates); |
• | Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management; |
• | Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); |
• | Stock ownership positions. |
— — — — —
Require More Nominees than Open Seats
Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that would require a company to nominate more candidates than the number of open board seats.
— — — — —
Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors through term limits. However, scrutinize boards where the average tenure of all directors exceeds 15 years for independence from management and for sufficient turnover to ensure that new perspectives are being added to the board.
— — — — —
In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public “vote no” campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly-available information.
— — — — —
3. Shareholder Rights & Defenses
Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations
Vote CASE-BY-CASE basis on advance notice proposals, giving support to those proposals which allow shareholders to submit proposals/nominations as close to the meeting date as reasonably possible and within the broadest window possible, recognizing the need to allow sufficient notice for company, regulatory and shareholder review.
To be reasonable, the company’s deadline for shareholder notice of a proposal/nominations must not be more than 60 days prior to the meeting, with a submittal window of at least 30 days prior to the deadline. The submittal window is the period under which a shareholder must file his proposal/nominations prior to the deadline.
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In general, support additional efforts by companies to ensure full disclosure in regard to a proponent’s economic and voting position in the company so long as the informational requirements are reasonable and aimed at providing shareholders with the necessary information to review such proposals.
— — — — —
Amend Bylaws without Shareholder Consent
Vote AGAINST proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws.
Vote FOR proposals giving the board the ability to amend the bylaws in addition to shareholders.
— — — — —
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that corporations adopt confidential voting, use independent vote tabulators, and use independent inspectors of election, as long as the proposal includes a provision for proxy contests as follows: In the case of a contested election, management should be permitted to request that the dissident group honor its confidential voting policy. If the dissidents agree, the policy remains in place. If the dissidents will not agree, the confidential voting policy is waived.
Vote FOR management proposals to adopt confidential voting.
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Control Share Acquisition Provisions
Control share acquisition statutes function by denying shares their voting rights when they contribute to ownership in excess of certain thresholds. Voting rights for those shares exceeding ownership limits may only be restored by approval of either a majority or supermajority of disinterested shares. Thus, control share acquisition statutes effectively require a hostile bidder to put its offer to a shareholder vote or risk voting disenfranchisement if the bidder continues buying up a large block of shares.
Vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes unless doing so would enable the completion of a takeover that would be detrimental to shareholders.
Vote AGAINST proposals to amend the charter to include control share acquisition provisions.
Vote FOR proposals to restore voting rights to the control shares.
— — — — —
Control Share Cash-Out Provisions
Control share cash-out statutes give dissident shareholders the right to “cash-out” of their position in a company at the expense of the shareholder who has taken a control position. In other words, when an investor crosses a preset threshold level, remaining shareholders are given the right to sell their shares to the acquirer, who must buy them at the highest acquiring price.
Vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share cash-out statutes.
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Disgorgement provisions require an acquirer or potential acquirer of more than a certain percentage of a company’s stock to disgorge, or pay back, to the company any profits realized from the sale of that company’s stock purchased 24 months before achieving control status. All sales of company stock by the acquirer occurring within a certain period of time (between 18 months and 24 months) prior to the investor’s gaining control status are subject to these recapture-of-profits provisions.
Vote FOR proposals to opt out of state disgorgement provisions.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to adopt fair price provisions (provisions that stipulate that an acquirer must pay the same price to acquire all shares as it paid to acquire the control shares), evaluating factors such as the vote required to approve the proposed acquisition, the vote required to repeal the fair price provision, and the mechanism for determining the fair price.
Generally, vote AGAINST fair price provisions with shareholder vote requirements greater than a majority of disinterested shares.
— — — — —
Vote FOR proposals to opt out of state freeze-out provisions. Freeze-out provisions force an investor who surpasses a certain ownership threshold in a company to wait a specified period of time before gaining control of the company.
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Greenmail payments are targeted share repurchases by management of company stock from individuals or groups seeking control of the company. Since only the hostile party receives payment, usually at a substantial premium over the market value of its shares, the practice discriminates against all other shareholders.
Vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on anti-greenmail proposals when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments.
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Net Operating Loss (NOL) Protective Amendments
For management proposals to adopt a protective amendment for the stated purpose of protecting a company’s net operating losses (“NOLs”), the following factors should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | The ownership threshold (NOL protective amendments generally prohibit stock ownership transfers that would result in a new 5-percent holder or increase the stock ownership percentage of an existing five-percent holder); |
• | The value of the NOLs; |
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• | Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision or commitment to cause expiration of the protective amendment upon exhaustion or expiration of the NOL); |
• | The company’s existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other problematic governance concerns; and |
• | Any other factors that may be applicable. |
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Poison Pills- Shareholder Proposals to put Pill to a Vote and/or Adopt a Pill Policy
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder vote or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder approved poison pill in place; or (2) The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:
• | Shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan; or |
• | The board, in its exercise of its fiduciary responsibilities, determines that it is in the best interest of shareholders under the circumstances to adopt a pill without the delay in adoption that would result from seeking stockholder approval (i.e., the “fiduciary out” provision). A poison pill adopted under this fiduciary out will be put to a shareholder ratification vote within 12 months of adoption or expire. If the pill is not approved by a majority of the votes cast on this issue, the plan will immediately terminate. |
If the shareholder proposal calls for a time period of less than 12 months for shareholder ratification after adoption, vote FOR the proposal, but add the caveat that a vote within 12 months would be considered sufficient implementation.
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Poison Pills- Management Proposals to Ratify Poison Pill
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:
• | No lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over; |
• | A term of no more than three years; |
• | No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill; |
• | Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10 percent of the shares may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill. |
In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the company’s existing governance structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic governance concerns.
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Poison Pills- Management Proposals to ratify a Pill to preserve Net Operating Losses (NOLs)
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for poison pill ratification. For management proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of preserving a company’s net operating losses (“NOLs”), the following factors are considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | The ownership threshold to transfer (NOL pills generally have a trigger slightly below 5%); |
• | The value of the NOLs; |
• | The term; |
• | Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, or commitment to cause expiration of the pill upon exhaustion or expiration of NOLs); |
• | The company’s existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other problematic governance concerns; and |
• | Any other factors that may be applicable. |
— — — — —
Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate, vote FOR the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election.
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for the reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred in connection with nominating one or more candidates in a contested election where the following apply:
• | The election of fewer than 50% of the directors to be elected is contested in the election; |
• | One or more of the dissident’s candidates is elected; |
• | Shareholders are not permitted to cumulate their votes for directors; and |
• | The election occurred, and the expenses were incurred, after the adoption of this bylaw. |
— — — — —
Management or shareholder proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns including the following:
• | Reasons for reincorporation; |
• | Comparison of company’s governance practices and provisions prior to and following the reincorporation; and |
• | Comparison of corporation laws of original state and destination state |
Vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.
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Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote AGAINST management and shareholder proposals to restrict of prohibit shareholders’ to act by written consent.
Generally vote FOR management and shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to act by written consent taking into account the following factors:
• | Shareholders’ current right to act by written consent; |
• | Consent threshold; |
• | The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language; |
• | Investor ownership structure; and |
• | Shareholder support of and management’s response to previous shareholder proposals. |
— — — — —
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
Vote AGAINST management or shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders’ ability to call special meetings.
Generally vote FOR management or shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings taking into account the following factors:
• | Shareholders’ current right to call special meetings; |
• | Minimum ownership threshold necessary to call special meetings (10% preferred); |
• | The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language; |
• | Investor ownership structure; and |
• | Shareholder support of and management’s response to previous shareholder proposals. |
— — — — —
Vote AGAINST proposals that ask the board to consider non-shareholder constituencies or other non-financial effects when evaluating a merger or business combination.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to opt in or out of state takeover statutes (including control share acquisition statutes, control share cash-out statutes, freeze-out provisions, fair price provisions, stakeholder laws, poison pill endorsements, severance pay and labor contract provisions, anti-greenmail provisions, and disgorgement provisions).
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Supermajority Vote Requirements
Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.
Vote FOR management or shareholder proposals to reduce supermajority vote requirements. However, for companies with shareholder(s) who have significant ownership levels, vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking into account:
• | Ownership structure; |
• | Quorum requirements; and |
• | Supermajority vote requirements. |
— — — — —
Adjustments to Par Value of Common Stock
Vote FOR management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors which include, at a minimum, the following:
• | Past Board Performance: |
• | The company’s use of authorized shares during the last three years; |
• | One- and three-year total shareholder return; and |
• | The board’s governance structure and practices; |
• | The Current Request: |
• | Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific reasons for the proposed increase; |
• | The dilutive impact of the request as determined through an allowable cap generated by |
• | RiskMetrics’ quantitative model, which examines the company’s need for shares and its three-year total shareholder return; and |
• | Risks to shareholders of not approving the request. |
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class that has superior voting rights.
— — — — —
Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan
Vote AGAINST proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of implementing a non-shareholder approved shareholder rights plan (poison pill).
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals that seek preemptive rights, taking into consideration: the size of a company, the characteristics of its shareholder base, and the liquidity of the stock.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
• | Past Board Performance: |
• | The company’s use of authorized preferred shares during the last three years; |
• | One- and three-year total shareholder return; and |
• | The board’s governance structure and practices; |
• | The Current Request: |
• | Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific reasons for the proposed increase; |
• | In cases where the company has existing authorized preferred stock, the dilutive impact of the request as determined through an allowable cap generated by RiskMetrics’ quantitative model, which examines the company’s need for shares and three-year total shareholder return; |
• | Whether the shares requested are blank check preferred shares, and whether they are declawed. |
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class or series of preferred stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class or series that has superior voting rights.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on recapitalizations (reclassifications of securities), taking into account the following:
• | More simplified capital structure; |
• | Enhanced liquidity; |
• | Fairness of conversion terms; |
• | Impact on voting power and dividends; |
• | Reasons for the reclassification; |
• | Conflicts of interest; and |
• | Other alternatives considered. |
— — — — —
Vote FOR management proposals to implement a reverse stock split when the number of authorized shares will be proportionately reduced.
Vote FOR management proposals to implement a reverse stock split to avoid delisting.
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement a reverse stock split that do not proportionately reduce the number of shares authorized for issue based on the allowable increased calculated using the Capital Structure model.
— — — — —
Vote FOR management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.
— — — — —
Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends
Vote FOR management proposals to increase the common share authorization for a stock split or share dividend, provided that the increase in authorized shares would not result in an excessive number of shares available for issuance as determined using a model developed by RMG.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the creation of tracking stock, weighing the strategic value of the transaction against such factors as:
• | Adverse governance changes; |
• | Excessive increases in authorized capital stock; |
• | Unfair method of distribution; |
• | Diminution of voting rights; |
• | Adverse conversion features; |
• | Negative impact on stock option plans; and |
• | Alternatives such as spin-off. |
— — — — —
Vote FOR proposals to restore, or provide shareholders with rights of appraisal.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on asset purchase proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Purchase price; |
• | Fairness opinion; |
• | Financial and strategic benefits; |
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• | How the deal was negotiated; |
• | Conflicts of interest; Other alternatives for the business; |
• | Non-completion risk. |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on asset sales, considering the following factors:
• | Impact on the balance sheet/working capital; |
• | Potential elimination of diseconomies; |
• | Anticipated financial and operating benefits; |
• | Anticipated use of funds; |
• | Value received for the asset; |
• | Fairness opinion; |
• | How the deal was negotiated; |
• | Conflicts of interest. |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on bundled or “conditional” proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests, vote AGAINST the proposals. In the combined effect is positive, support such proposals.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding conversion of securities. When evaluating these proposals the investor should review the dilution to existing shareholders, the conversion price relative to market value, financial issues, control issues, termination penalties, and conflicts of interest.
Vote FOR the conversion if it is expected that the company will be subject to onerous penalties or will be forced to file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.
— — — — —
Corporate Reorganization/Debt Restructuring/Prepackaged Bankruptcy Plans/Reverse Leveraged Buyouts/Wrap Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt restructuring plan, taking into consideration the following:
• | Dilution to existing shareholders’ position; |
• | Terms of the offer; |
• | Financial issues; |
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• | Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives; |
• | Control issues; |
• | Conflicts of interest. |
Vote FOR the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding the formation of a holding company, taking into consideration the following:
• | The reasons for the change; |
• | Any financial or tax benefits; |
• | Regulatory benefits; |
• | Increases in capital structure; |
• | Changes to the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the company. |
Absent compelling financial reasons to recommend the transaction, vote AGAINST the formation of a holding company if the transaction would include either of the following:
• | Increases in common or preferred stock in excess of the allowable maximum (see discussion under “Capital Structure”); |
• | Adverse changes in shareholder rights. |
— — — — —
Going Private and Going Dark Transactions (LBOs and Minority Squeeze-outs)
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on going private transactions, taking into account the following:
• | Offer price/premium; |
• | Fairness opinion; |
• | How the deal was negotiated; |
• | Conflicts of interest; |
• | Other alternatives/offers considered; and |
• | Non-completion risk. |
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on “going dark” transactions, determining whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by taking into consideration:
• | Whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly-traded (examination of trading volume, liquidity, and market research of the stock); |
• | Balanced interests of continuing vs. cashed-out shareholders, taking into account the following: |
— | Are all shareholders able to participate in the transaction? |
— | Will there be a liquid market for remaining shareholders following the transaction? |
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— | Does the company have strong corporate governance? |
— | Will insiders reap the gains of control following the proposed transaction? |
— | Does the state of incorporation have laws requiring continued reporting that may benefit shareholders? |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to form joint ventures, taking into account the following:
• | Percentage of assets/business contributed; |
• | Percentage ownership; |
• | Financial and strategic benefits; |
• | Governance structure; |
• | Conflicts of interest; |
• | Other alternatives; |
• | Noncompletion risk. |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on liquidations, taking into account the following:
• | Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives; |
• | Appraisal value of assets; and |
• | The compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation. |
Vote FOR the liquidation if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
• | Valuation — Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction and strategic rationale. |
• | Market reaction — How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal. |
• | Strategic rationale — Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions. |
• | Negotiations and process — Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant |
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negotiation “wins” can also signify the deal makers’ competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value. |
• | Conflicts of interest — Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the “RMG Transaction Summary” section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists. |
• | Governance — Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance. |
— — — — —
Plans of Reorganization (Bankruptcy)
Vote CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to common shareholders on bankruptcy plans of reorganization, considering the following factors including, but not limited to:
• | Estimated value and financial prospects of the reorganized company; |
• | Percentage ownership of current shareholders in the reorganized company; |
• | Whether shareholders are adequately represented in the reorganization process (particularly through the existence of an Official Equity Committee); |
• | The cause(s) of the bankruptcy filing, and the extent to which the plan of reorganization addresses the cause(s); |
• | Existence of a superior alternative to the plan of reorganization; and |
• | Governance of the reorganized company. |
— — — — —
Private Placements/Warrants/Convertible Debentures
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding private placements taking into consideration:
1. | Dilution to existing shareholders’ position. |
— | The amount and timing of shareholder ownership dilution should be weighed against the needs and proposed shareholder benefits of the capital infusion. |
2. | Terms of the offer — discount/premium in purchase price to investor, including any fairness opinion; conversion features; termination penalties; exit strategy. |
— | The terms of the offer should be weighed against the alternatives of the company and in light of company’s financial issues. |
— | When evaluating the magnitude of a private placement discount or premium, RiskMetrics will consider whether it is affected by liquidity, due diligence, control and monitoring issues, capital scarcity, information asymmetry and anticipation of future performance. |
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3. | Financial issues include but are not limited to examining the following: |
— | Company’s financial situation; |
— | Degree of need for capital; |
— | Use of proceeds; |
— | Effect of the financing on the company’s cost of capital; |
— | Current and proposed cash burn rate; and |
— | Going concern viability and the state of the capital and credit markets. |
4. | Management’s efforts to pursue alternatives and whether the company engaged in a process to evaluate alternatives. A fair, unconstrained process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Financing alternatives can include joint ventures, partnership, merger or sale of part or all of the company. |
5. | Control issues: |
— | Change in management; |
— | Change in control, |
— | Guaranteed board and committee seats; |
— | Standstill provisions; |
— | Voting agreements; |
— | Veto power over certain corporate actions. |
Minority versus majority ownership and corresponding minority discount or majority control premium
6. | Conflicts of interest |
— | Conflicts of interest should be viewed from the perspective of the company and the investor. |
— | Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s-length? Are managerial incentives aligned with shareholder interests? |
7. | Market reaction |
— | The market’s response to the proposed deal. A negative market reaction is a cause for concern. Market reaction may be addressed by analyzing the one day impact on the unaffected stock price. |
Vote FOR the private placement if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.
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Special Purpose Acquisition Corporations (SPACs)
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on SPAC mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
• | Valuation — Is the value being paid by the SPAC reasonable? SPACs generally lack an independent fairness opinion and the financials on the target may be limited. Compare the conversion price with the intrinsic value of the target company provided in the fairness opinion. Also, evaluate the proportionate value of the combined entity attributable to the SPAC IPO shareholders versus the pre-merger value of SPAC. Additionally, a private company discount may be applied to the target, if it is a private entity. |
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• | Market reaction — How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction may be a cause for concern. Market reaction may be addressed by analyzing the one-day impact on the unaffected stock price. |
• | Deal timing — A main driver for most transactions is that the SPAC charter typically requires the deal to be complete within 18 to 24 months, or the SPAC is to be liquidated. Evaluate the valuation, market reaction, and potential conflicts of interest for deals that are announced close to the liquidation date. |
• | Negotiations and process — What was the process undertaken to identify potential target companies within specified industry or location specified in charter? Consider the background of the sponsors. |
• | Conflicts of interest — How are sponsors benefiting from the transaction compared to IPO shareholders? Potential conflicts could arise if a fairness opinion is issued by the insiders to qualify the deal rather than a third party or if management is encouraged to pay a higher price for the target because of an 80% rule (the charter requires that the fair market value of the target is at least equal to 80% of net assets of the SPAC). Also, there may be sense of urgency by the management team of the SPAC to close the deal since its charter typically requires a transaction to be completed within the 18-24 month timeframe. |
• | Voting agreements — Are the sponsors entering into enter into any voting agreements/ tender offers with shareholders who are likely to vote AGAINST the proposed merger or exercise conversion rights? |
• | Governance — What is the impact of having the SPAC CEO or founder on key committees following the proposed merger? |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on spin-offs, considering:
• | Tax and regulatory advantages; |
• | Planned use of the sale proceeds; |
• | Valuation of spinoff; |
• | Fairness opinion; |
• | Benefits to the parent company; |
• | Conflicts of interest; |
• | Managerial incentives; |
• | Corporate governance changes; |
• | Changes in the capital structure. |
— — — — —
Value Maximization Shareholder Proposals
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals seeking to maximize shareholder value by hiring a financial advisor to explore strategic alternatives, selling the company or liquidating the company and distributing the proceeds to shareholders. These proposals should be evaluated based on the following factors:
• | Prolonged poor performance with no turnaround in sight; |
• | Signs of entrenched board and management; |
• | Strategic plan in place for improving value; |
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• | Likelihood of receiving reasonable value in a sale or dissolution; and |
• | Whether company is actively exploring its strategic options, including retaining a financial advisor. |
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Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
1. | Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs; |
2. | Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation; |
3. | Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed); |
4. | Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly; |
5. | Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers’ pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices. |
Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation- Management Proposals (Management Say-on-Pay)
Evaluate executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST management say on pay (MSOP) proposals, AGAINST/WITHHOLD on compensation committee members (or, in rare cases where the full board is deemed responsible, all directors including the CEO), and/or AGAINST an equity-based incentive plan proposal if:
• | There is a misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance); |
• | The company maintains problematic pay practices; |
• | The board exhibits poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders. |
Voting Alternatives
In general, the management say on pay (MSOP) ballot item is the primary focus of voting on executive pay practices — dissatisfaction with compensation practices can be expressed by voting against MSOP rather than
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withholding or voting against the compensation committee. However, if there is no MSOP on the ballot, then the negative vote will apply to members of the compensation committee. In addition, in egregious cases, or if the board fails to respond to concerns raised by a prior MSOP proposal, then vote withhold or against compensation committee members (or, if the full board is deemed accountable, all directors). If the negative factors involve equity-based compensation, then vote AGAINST an equity-based plan proposal presented for shareholder approval.
Additional CASE-BY-CASE considerations for the management say on pay (MSOP) proposals:
• | Evaluation of performance metrics in short-term and long-term plans, as discussed and explained in the Compensation Discussion & Analysis (CD&A). Consider the measures, goals, and target awards reported by the company for executives’ short- and long-term incentive awards: disclosure, explanation of their alignment with the company’s business strategy, and whether goals appear to be sufficiently challenging in relation to resulting payouts; |
• | Evaluation of peer group benchmarking used to set target pay or award opportunities. Consider the rationale stated by the company for constituents in its pay benchmarking peer group, as well as the benchmark targets it uses to set or validate executives’ pay ( e.g., median, 75th percentile, etc.,) to ascertain whether the benchmarking process is sound or may result in pay “ratcheting” due to inappropriate peer group constituents (e.g., much larger companies) or targeting (e.g., above median); and |
• | Balance of performance-based versus non-performance-based pay. Consider the ratio of performance-based (not including plain vanilla stock options) vs. non-performance-based pay elements reported for the CEO’s latest reported fiscal year compensation, especially in conjuction with concerns about other factors such as performance metrics/goals, benchmarking practices, and pay-for-performance disconnects. |
Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay
Evaluate the alignment of the CEO’s pay with performance over time, focusing particularly on companies that have underperformed their peers over a sustained period. From a shareholders’ perspective, performance is predominantly gauged by the company’s stock performance over time. Even when financial or operational measures are utilized in incentive awards, the achievement related to these measures should ultimately translate into superior shareholder returns in the long-term.
Focus on companies with sustained underperformance relative to peers, considering the following key factors:
• | Whether a company’s one-year and three-year total shareholder returns (“TSR”) are in the bottom half of its industry group (i.e., four-digit GICS – Global Industry Classification Group); and |
• | Whether the total compensation of a CEO who has served at least two consecutive fiscal years is aligned with the company’s total shareholder return over time, including both recent and long-term periods. |
If a company falls in the bottom half of its four-digit GICS, further analysis of the CD&A is required to better understand the various pay elements and whether they create or reinforce shareholder alignment. Also assess the CEO’s pay relative to the company’s TSR over a time horizon of at least five years. The most recent year-over-year increase or decrease in pay remains a key consideration, but there will be additional emphasis on the long term trend of CEO total compensation relative to shareholder return. Also consider the mix of performance-based compensation relative to total compensation. In general, standard stock options or time-vested restricted stock are not considered to be performance-based. If a company provides performance-based
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incentives to its executives, the company is highly encouraged to provide the complete disclosure of the performance measure and goals (hurdle rate) so that shareholders can assess the rigor of the performance program. The use of non-GAAP financial metrics also makes it very challenging for shareholders to ascertain the rigor of the program as shareholders often cannot tell the type of adjustments being made and if the adjustments were made consistently. Complete and transparent disclosure helps shareholders to better understand the company’s pay for performance linkage.
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:
• | Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements; |
• | Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking; and |
• | Options Backdating. |
Non-Performance based Compensation Elements
Companies adopt a variety of pay arrangements that may be acceptable in their particular industries, or unique for a particular situation, and all companies are reviewed on a case-by-case basis. However, there are certain adverse practices that are particularly contrary to a performance-based pay philosophy, including guaranteed pay and excessive or inappropriate non-performance-based pay elements.
While not exhaustive, this is the list of practices that carry greatest weight in this consideration and may result in negative vote recommendations on a stand-alone basis. For more details, please refer to RMG’s Compensation FAQ document: http://www.riskmetrics.com/policy/2010_compensation_FAQ:
• | Multi-year guarantees for salary increases, non-performance based bonuses, and equity compensation; |
• | Including additional years of unworked service that result in significant additional benefits, without sufficient justification, or including long-term equity awards in the pension calculation; |
• | Perquisites for former and/or retired executives, and extraordinary relocation benefits (including home buyouts) for current executives; |
• | Change-in-control payments exceeding 3 times base salary and target bonus; change-in-control payments without job loss or substantial diminution of duties (“Single Triggers”); new or materially amended agreements that provide for “modified single triggers” (under which an executive may voluntarily leave for any reason and still receive the change-in-control severance package); new or materially amended agreements that provide for an excise tax gross-up (including “modified gross-ups”) ; |
• | Tax Reimbursements related to executive perquisites or other payments such as personal use of corporate aircraft, executive life insurance, bonus, etc; (see also excise tax gross-ups above) |
• | Dividends or dividend equivalents paid on unvested performance shares or units; |
• | Executives using company stock in hedging activities, such as “cashless” collars, forward sales, equity swaps or other similar arrangements; or |
• | Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/stock appreciation rights without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender/subsequent regrant of underwater options). |
Incentives that may Motivate Excessive Risk-Taking
Assess company policies and disclosure related to compensation that could incentivize excessive risk-taking, for example:
• | Guaranteed bonuses; |
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• | A single performance metric used for short- and long-term plans; |
• | Lucrative severance packages; |
• | High pay opportunities relative to industry peers; |
• | Disproportionate supplemental pensions; or |
• | Mega annual equity grants that provide unlimited upside with no downside risk. |
Factors that potentially mitigate the impact of risky incentives include rigorous claw-back provisions and robust stock ownership/holding guidelines.
Vote CASE-by-CASE on options backdating issues. Generally, when a company has recently practiced options backdating, WITHHOLD from or vote AGAINST the compensation committee, depending on the severity of the practices and the subsequent corrective actions on the part of the board. When deciding on votes on compensation committee members who oversaw questionable options grant practices or current compensation committee members who fail to respond to the issue proactively, consider several factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
• | Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs. deliberate grant date changes; |
• | Duration of options backdating; |
• | Size of restatement due to options backdating; |
• | Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated grants; and |
• | Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creates a fixed grant schedule or window period for equity grants in the future. |
A CASE-by-CASE analysis approach allows distinctions to be made between companies that had “sloppy” plan administration versus those that acted deliberately and/or committed fraud, as well as those companies that subsequently took corrective action. Cases where companies have committed fraud are considered most egregious.
Board Communications and Responsiveness
Consider the following factors on a CASE-BY-CASE basis when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay:
• | Poor disclosure practices, including: |
— | Unclear explanation of how the CEO is involved in the pay setting process; |
— | Retrospective performance targets and methodology not discussed; |
— | Methodology for benchmarking practices and/or peer group not disclosed and explained. |
• | Board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues, for example: |
— | Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or |
— | Failure to respond to concerns raised in connection with significant opposition to MSOP proposals. |
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Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the equity plan if any of the following factors apply:
• | The total cost of the company’s equity plans is unreasonable; |
• | The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options/stock appreciate rights (SARs) without prior shareholder approval; |
• | The CEO is a participant in the proposed equity-based compensation plan and there is a disconnect between CEO pay and the company’s performance where over 50 percent of the year-over-year increase is attributed to equity awards (see Pay-for-Performance); |
• | The company’s three year burn rate exceeds the greater of 2% or the mean plus one standard deviation of its industry group; |
• | Liberal Change of Control Definition: The plan provides for the acceleration of vesting of equity awards even though an actual change in control may not occur (e.g., upon shareholder approval of a transaction or the announcement of a tender offer); or |
• | The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices. |
Each of these factors is described below:
Generally, vote AGAINST equity plans if the cost is unreasonable. For non-employee director plans, vote FOR the plan if certain factors are met (see Director Compensation section).
The cost of the equity plans is expressed as Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT), which is measured using a binomial option pricing model that assesses the amount of shareholders’ equity flowing out of the company to employees and directors. SVT is expressed as both a dollar amount and as a percentage of market value, and includes the new shares proposed, shares available under existing plans, and shares granted but unexercised. All award types are valued. For omnibus plans, unless limitations are placed on the most expensive types of awards (for example, full value awards), the assumption is made that all awards to be granted will be the most expensive types. See discussion of specific types of awards.
The Shareholder Value Transfer is reasonable if it falls below the company-specific allowable cap. The allowable cap is determined as follows: The top quartile performers in each industry group (using the Global Industry Classification Standard: GICS) are identified. Benchmark SVT levels for each industry are established based on these top performers’ historic SVT. Regression analyses are run on each industry group to identify the variables most strongly correlated to SVT. The benchmark industry SVT level is then adjusted upwards or downwards for the specific company by plugging the company-specific performance measures, size and cash compensation into the industry cap equations to arrive at the company’s allowable cap.
Vote AGAINST plans that expressly permit the repricing or exchange of underwater stock options without prior shareholder approval, even if the cost of the plan is reasonable. Also, vote AGAINST OR WITHHOLD from members of the Compensation Committee who approved and/or implemented a repricing or an option exchange program, by buying out underwater options for stock, cash or other consideration or canceling underwater options and regranting options with a lower exercise price, without prior shareholder approval, even if such repricings are allowed in their equity plan.
Vote AGAINST plans if the company has a history of repricing options without shareholder approval, and the applicable listing standards would not preclude them from doing so.
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Three-Year Burn Rate/Burn Rate Commitment
Generally vote AGAINST equity plans for companies whose average three-year burn rates exceeds the greater of: (1) the mean plus one standard deviation of the company’s GICS group segmented by Russell 3000 index and non-Russell 3000 index (per the following Burn Rate Table); or (2) two percent of weighted common shares outstanding. The three-year burn rate policy does not apply to non-employee director plans unless outside directors receive a significant portion of shares each year.
The annual burn rate is calculated as follows:
Annual Burn rate = (# of options granted + # of full value shares awarded * Multiplier) / Weighted Average common shares outstanding)
However, vote FOR equity plans if the company fails this burn rate test but the company commits in a public filing to a three-year average burn rate equal to its GICS group burn rate mean plus one standard deviation (or 2%, whichever is greater), assuming all other conditions for voting FOR the plan have been met.
If a company fails to fulfill its burn rate commitment, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the compensation committee.
For the Dec. 1, 2009 and future quarterly data downloads, RMG will use the 200-day volatility for the shareholder value transfer and burn rate policies. We will also use the 200-day average stock price for the shareholder value transfer policy.
Russell 3000 | Non-Russell 3000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
GICS | Description | Mean | Standard Deviation | Mean+ STDEV | Mean | Standard Deviation | Mean+ STDEV | |||||||||||||||||||
1010 | Energy | 1.07 | % | 1.08 | % | 2.14 | % | 2.04 | % | 2.26 | % | 4.30 | % | |||||||||||||
1510 | Materials | 0.94 | % | 0.68 | % | 1.63 | % | 1.97 | % | 2.57 | % | 4.54 | % | |||||||||||||
2010 | Capital Goods | 1.10 | % | 0.85 | % | 1.95 | % | 2.07 | % | 2.62 | % | 4.69 | % | |||||||||||||
2020 | Commercial Services & Supplies | 1.67 | % | 1.23 | % | 2.89 | % | 1.82 | % | 1.71 | % | 3.53 | % | |||||||||||||
2030 | Transportation | 1.20 | % | 0.93 | % | 2.13 | % | 1.36 | % | 0.95 | % | 2.31 | % | |||||||||||||
2510 | Automobiles & Components | 1.36 | % | 1.63 | % | 2.99 | % | 1.36 | % | 1.63 | % | 2.99 | % | |||||||||||||
2520 | Consumer Durables & Apparel | 1.76 | % | 1.21 | % | 2.97 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.81 | % | 3.37 | % | |||||||||||||
2530 | Hotels Restaurants & Leisure | 1.69 | % | 1.11 | % | 2.80 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.65 | % | 3.17 | % | |||||||||||||
2540 | Media | 1.36 | % | 0.93 | % | 2.28 | % | 2.14 | % | 1.88 | % | 4.03 | % | |||||||||||||
2550 | Retailing | 1.69 | % | 1.41 | % | 3.10 | % | 2.19 | % | 1.82 | % | 4.01 | % | |||||||||||||
3010, | Food & Staples Retailing | 1.25 | % | 1.67 | % | 2.92 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.65 | % | 3.17 | % | |||||||||||||
3510 | Health Care Equipment & Services | 2.19 | % | 1.46 | % | 3.65 | % | 3.77 | % | 4.16 | % | 7.92 | % | |||||||||||||
3520 | Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology | 3.19 | % | 1.97 | % | 5.16 | % | 4.52 | % | 4.05 | % | 8.58 | % | |||||||||||||
4010 | Banks | 1.02 | % | 1.04 | % | 2.05 | % | 0.81 | % | 1.31 | % | 2.12 | % | |||||||||||||
4020 | Diversified Financials | 2.21 | % | 2.94 | % | 5.15 | % | 4.25 | % | 4.05 | % | 8.30 | % | |||||||||||||
4030 | Insurance | 1.07 | % | 0.94 | % | 2.02 | % | 1.03 | % | 1.28 | % | 2.31 | % | |||||||||||||
4040 | Real Estate | 0.56 | % | 0.49 | % | 1.04 | % | 0.99 | % | 2.14 | % | 3.13 | % | |||||||||||||
4510 | Software & Services | 3.15 | % | 2.32 | % | 5.47 | % | 4.32 | % | 3.26 | % | 7.58 | % | |||||||||||||
4520 | Technology Hardware & Equipment | 2.60 | % | 2.18 | % | 4.79 | % | 3.32 | % | 3.76 | % | 7.08 | % | |||||||||||||
4530 | Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment | 2.94 | % | 1.88 | % | 4.82 | % | 4.33 | % | 2.98 | % | 7.31 | % | |||||||||||||
5010 | Telecommunication Services | 1.30 | % | 1.20 | % | 2.50 | % | 2.63 | % | 2.45 | % | 5.08 | % | |||||||||||||
5510 | Utilities | 0.41 | % | 0.39 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.76 | % | 0.88 | % | 1.64 | % |
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For companies that grant both full value awards and stock options to their participants, apply a premium on full value awards for the past three fiscal years. The guideline for applying the premium is as follows:
Stock Price Volatility | Multiplier | |
54.6% and higher | 1 full-value award will count as 1.5 option shares | |
36.1% or higher and less than 54.6% | 1 full-value award will count as 2.0 option shares | |
24.9% or higher and less than 36.1% | 1 full-value award will count as 2.5 option shares | |
16.5% or higher and less than 24.9% | 1 full-value award will count as 3.0 option shares | |
7.9% or higher and less than 16.5% | 1 full-value award will count as 3.5 option shares | |
Less than 7.9% | 1 full-value award will count as 4.0 option shares |
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Pay-for-Performance- Impact on Equity Plans
If a significant portion of the CEO’s misaligned pay is attributed to equity awards, and there is an equity plan on the ballot, vote AGAINST the equity plan, taking in to consideration:
• | Magnitude of pay increase/decrease in the last fiscal year; |
• | Source of pay increase (cash or equity); and |
• | Proportion of equity awards granted in the last fiscal year concentrated at the named executive officer level. |
See Pay-for-Performance discussion under Executive Pay Evaluation for further details.
Liberal Definition of Change-in-Control
Generally vote AGAINST equity plans if the plan provides for the acceleration of vesting of equity awards even though an actual change in control may not occur. Examples of such a definition could include, but are not limited to, announcement or commencement of a tender offer, provisions for acceleration upon a “potential” takeover, shareholder approval of a merger or other transactions, or similar language.
If the equity plan on the ballot is a vehicle for problematic pay practices, vote AGAINST the plan.
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Specific Treatment of Certain Award Types in Equity Plan Evaluations:
Options that have Dividend Equivalent Rights (DERs) associated with them will have a higher calculated award value than those without DERs under the binomial model, based on the value of these dividend streams. The higher value will be applied to new shares, shares available under existing plans, and shares awarded but not exercised per the plan specifications. DERS transfer more shareholder equity to employees and non-employee directors and this cost should be captured.
— — — — —
Liberal Share Recycling Provisions
Under net share counting provisions, shares tendered by an option holder to pay for the exercise of an option, shares withheld for taxes or shares repurchased by the company on the open market can be recycled back
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into the equity plan for awarding again. All awards with such provisions should be valued as full-value awards. Stock-settled stock appreciation rights (SSARs) will also be considered as full-value awards if a company counts only the net shares issued to employees towards their plan reserve.
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Operating Partnership (OP) units in Equity Plan analysis of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
For Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS), include the common shares issuable upon conversion of outstanding Operating Partnership (OP) units in the share count for the purposes of determining: (1) market capitalization in the Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) analysis and (2) shares outstanding in the burn rate analysis.
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Companies with sustained positive stock performance and high overhang cost attributable to in-the-money options outstanding in excess of six years may warrant a carve-out of these options from the overhang as long as the dilution attributable to the new share request is reasonable and the company exhibits sound compensation practices. Consider, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, a carve-out of a portion of cost attributable to overhang, considering the following criteria:
• | Performance: Companies with sustained positive stock performance will merit greater scrutiny. Five-year total shareholder return (TSR), year-over-year performance, and peer performance could play a significant role in this determination. |
• | Overhang Disclosure: Assess whether optionees have held in-the-money options for a prolonged period (thus reflecting their confidence in the prospects of the company). Note that this assessment would require additional disclosure regarding a company’s overhang. Specifically, the following disclosure would be required: |
— | The number of in-the-money options outstanding in excess of six or more years with a corresponding weighted average exercise price and weighted average contractual remaining term; |
— | The number of all options outstanding less than six years and underwater options outstanding in excess of six years with a corresponding weighted average exercise price and weighted average contractual remaining term; |
— | The general vesting provisions of option grants; and |
— | The distribution of outstanding option grants with respect to the named executive officers; |
• | Dilution: Calculate the expected duration of the new share request in addition to all shares currently available for grant under the equity compensation program, based on the company’s three-year average burn rate (or a burn-rate commitment that the company makes for future years). The expected duration will be calculated by multiplying the company’s unadjusted (options and full-value awards accounted on a one-for-one basis) three-year average burn rate by the most recent fiscal year’s weighted average shares outstanding (as used in the company’s calculation of basic EPS) and divide the sum of the new share request and all available shares under the company’s equity compensation program by the product. For example, an expected duration in excess of five years could be considered problematic; and |
• | Compensation Practices: An evaluation of overall practices could include: (1) stock option repricing provisions, (2) high concentration ratios (of grants to top executives), or (3) additional practices outlined in the Poor Pay Practices policy. |
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Vote FOR proposals to implement a 401(k) savings plan for employees.
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Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)
Vote FOR proposals to implement an ESOP or increase authorized shares for existing ESOPs, unless the number of shares allocated to the ESOP is excessive (more than five percent of outstanding shares).
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Employee Stock Purchase Plans — Qualified Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on qualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR employee stock purchase plans where all of the following apply:
• | Purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value; |
• | Offering period is 27 months or less; and |
• | The number of shares allocated to the plan is ten percent or less of the outstanding shares. |
Vote AGAINST qualified employee stock purchase plans where any of the following apply:
• | Purchase price is less than 85 percent of fair market value; or |
• | Offering period is greater than 27 months; or |
• | The number of shares allocated to the plan is more than ten percent of the outstanding shares. |
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Employee Stock Purchase Plans — Non-Qualified Plans
Vote CASE-by-CASE on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR nonqualified employee stock purchase plans with all the following features:
• | Broad-based participation (i.e., all employees of the company with the exclusion of individuals with 5 percent or more of beneficial ownership of the company); |
• | Limits on employee contribution, which may be a fixed dollar amount or expressed as a percent of base salary; |
• | Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employee’s contribution, which is effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value; |
• | No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching contribution. |
Vote AGAINST nonqualified employee stock purchase plans when any of the plan features do not meet the above criteria. If the company matching contribution exceeds 25 percent of employee’s contribution, evaluate the cost of the plan against its allowable cap.
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Incentive Bonus Plans and Tax Deductibility Proposals (OBRA-Related Compensation Proposals)
Vote FOR proposals that simply amend shareholder-approved compensation plans to include administrative features or place a cap on the annual grants any one participant may receive to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.
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Vote FOR proposals to add performance goals to existing compensation plans to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) unless they are clearly inappropriate.
Votes to amend existing plans to increase shares reserved and to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the provisions of Section 162(m) are considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis using a proprietary, quantitative model developed by RMG.
Generally vote FOR cash or cash and stock bonus plans that are submitted to shareholders for the purpose of exempting compensation from taxes under the provisions of Section 162(m) if no increase in shares is requested.
Vote AGAINST proposals if the compensation committee does not fully consist of independent outsiders, as defined in RMG’s classification of director independence.
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Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options taking into consideration:
• | Historic trading patterns — the stock price should not be so volatile that the options are likely to be back “in-the-money” over the near term; |
• | Rationale for the re-pricing — was the stock price decline beyond management’s control? |
• | Is this a value-for-value exchange? |
• | Are surrendered stock options added back to the plan reserve? |
• | Option vesting — does the new option vest immediately or is there a black-out period? |
• | Term of the option — the term should remain the same as that of the replaced option; |
• | Exercise price — should be set at fair market or a premium to market; |
• | Participants — executive officers and directors should be excluded. |
If the surrendered options are added back to the equity plans for re-issuance, then also take into consideration the company’s total cost of equity plans and its three-year average burn rate.
In addition to the above considerations, evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the repricing proposal. The proposal should clearly articulate why the board is choosing to conduct an exchange program at this point in time. Repricing underwater options after a recent precipitous drop in the company’s stock price demonstrates poor timing. Repricing after a recent decline in stock price triggers additional scrutiny and a potential AGAINST vote on the proposal. At a minimum, the decline should not have happened within the past year. Also, consider the terms of the surrendered options, such as the grant date, exercise price and vesting schedule. Grant dates of surrendered options should be far enough back (two to three years) so as not to suggest that repricings are being done to take advantage of short-term downward price movements. Similarly, the exercise price of surrendered options should be above the 52-week high for the stock price.
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.
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Vote CASE-by-CASE on plans that provide participants with the option of taking all or a portion of their cash compensation in the form of stock.
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Vote FOR non-employee director-only equity plans that provide a dollar-for-dollar cash-for-stock exchange.
Vote CASE-by-CASE on plans which do not provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange. In cases where the exchange is not dollar-for-dollar, the request for new or additional shares for such equity program will be considered using the binomial option pricing model. In an effort to capture the total cost of total compensation, RMG will not make any adjustments to carve out the in-lieu-of cash compensation.
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Transfer Stock Option (TSO) Programs
One-time Transfers: Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from compensation committee members if they fail to submit one-time transfers to shareholders for approval.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on one-time transfers. Vote FOR if:
• | Executive officers and non-employee directors are excluded from participating; |
• | Stock options are purchased by third-party financial institutions at a discount to their fair value using option pricing models such as Black-Scholes or a Binomial Option Valuation or other appropriate financial models; |
• | There is a two-year minimum holding period for sale proceeds (cash or stock) for all participants. |
Additionally, management should provide a clear explanation of why options are being transferred to a third-party institution and whether the events leading up to a decline in stock price were beyond management’s control. A review of the company’s historic stock price volatility should indicate if the options are likely to be back “in-the-money” over the near term.
Ongoing TSO program: Vote AGAINST equity plan proposals if the details of ongoing TSO programs are not provided to shareholders. Since TSOs will be one of the award types under a stock plan, the ongoing TSO program, structure and mechanics must be disclosed to shareholders. The specific criteria to be considered in evaluating these proposals include, but not limited, to the following:
• | Eligibility; |
• | Vesting; |
• | Bid-price; |
• | Term of options; |
• | Cost of the program and impact of the TSOs on company’s total option expense |
• | Option repricing policy. |
Amendments to existing plans that allow for introduction of transferability of stock options should make clear that only options granted post-amendment shall be transferable.
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Equity Plans for Non-Employee Directors
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on compensation plans for non-employee directors, based on the cost of the plans against the company’s allowable cap.
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On occasion, director stock plans that set aside a relatively small number of shares when combined with employee or executive stock compensation plans will exceed the allowable cap. Vote for the plan if ALL of the following qualitative factors in the board’s compensation are met and disclosed in the proxy statement:
• | Director stock ownership guidelines with a minimum of three times the annual cash retainer. |
• | Vesting schedule or mandatory holding/deferral period: |
— | A minimum vesting of three years for stock options or restricted stock; or |
— | Deferred stock payable at the end of a three-year deferral period. |
• | Mix between cash and equity: |
— | A balanced mix of cash and equity, for example 40% cash/60% equity or 50% cash/50% equity; or |
— | If the mix is heavier on the equity component, the vesting schedule or deferral period should be more stringent, with the lesser of five years or the term of directorship. |
• | No retirement/benefits and perquisites provided to non-employee directors; and |
• | Detailed disclosure provided on cash and equity compensation delivered to each non-employee director for the most recent fiscal year in a table. The column headers for the table may include the following: name of each non-employee director, annual retainer, board meeting fees, committee retainer, committee-meeting fees, and equity grants. |
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Vote AGAINST retirement plans for non-employee directors.
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate retirement plans for non-employee directors.
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Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay)
Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals that call for non-binding shareholder ratification of the compensation of the Named Executive Officers and the accompanying narrative disclosure of material factors provided to understand the Summary Compensation Table.
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Compensation Consultants- Disclosure of Board or Company’s utilization
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the Company, Board, or Compensation Committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s) and fees paid.
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Disclosure/Setting Levels or Types of Compensation for Executives and Directors
Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director pay information, provided the information requested is relevant to shareholders’ needs, would not put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry, and is not unduly burdensome to the company.
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Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals seeking to set absolute levels on compensation or otherwise dictate the amount or form of compensation.
Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring director fees be paid in stock only.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long-term corporate outlook.
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Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals calling companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder approval for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit programs or equity plan proposals that the broad-based employee population is eligible.
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Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals based on a case-by-case analysis that requests the board establish a pay-for-superior performance standard in the company’s executive compensation plan for senior executives. The proposal has the following principles:
• | Sets compensation targets for the Plan’s annual and long-term for incentive the pay components at or below the peer group median; |
• | Delivers a majority of the Plan’s target long-term compensation through performance-vested, not simply time-vested, equity awards; |
• | Provides the strategic rationale and relative weightings of the financial and non-financial performance metrics or criteria used in the annual and performance-vested long-term incentive components of the plan; |
• | Establishes performance targets for each plan financial metric relative to the performance of the company’s peer companies; |
• | Limits payment under the annual and performance-vested long-term incentive components of the plan to when the company’s performance on its selected financial performance metrics exceeds peer group median performance. |
Consider the following factors in evaluating this proposal:
• | What aspects of the company’s annual and long-term equity incentive programs are performance driven? |
• | If the annual and long-term equity incentive programs are performance driven, are the performance criteria and hurdle rates disclosed to shareholders or are they benchmarked against a disclosed peer group? |
• | Can shareholders assess the correlation between pay and performance based on the current disclosure? |
• | What type of industry and stage of business cycle does the company belong to? |
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposal requesting that a significant amount of future long-term incentive compensation awarded to senior executives shall be performance-based and requesting that the board adopt and disclose challenging performance metrics to shareholders, based on the following analytical steps:
• | First, vote FOR shareholder proposals advocating the use of performance-based equity awards, such as performance contingent options or restricted stock, indexed options or premium-priced options, unless the proposal is overly restrictive or if the company has demonstrated that it is using a “substantial” portion of performance-based awards for its top executives. Standard stock options and performance-accelerated awards do not meet the criteria to be considered as performance-based awards. Further, premium-priced options should have a premium of at least 25 percent and higher to be considered performance-based awards. |
• | Second, assess the rigor of the company’s performance-based equity program. If the bar set for the performance-based program is too low based on the company’s historical or peer group comparison, generally vote FOR the proposal. Furthermore, if target performance results in an above target payout, vote FOR the shareholder proposal due to program’s poor design. If the company does not disclose the performance metric of the performance-based equity program, vote FOR the shareholder proposal regardless of the outcome of the first step to the test. |
In general, vote FOR the shareholder proposal if the company does not meet both of the above two steps.
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Pension Plan Income Accounting
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals to exclude pension plan income in the calculation of earnings used in determining executive bonuses/compensation.
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Pre-Arranged Trading Plans (10b5-1 Plans)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for certain principles regarding the use of prearranged trading plans (10b5-1 plans) for executives. These principles include:
• | Adoption, amendment, or termination of a 10b5-1 Plan must be disclosed within two business days in a Form 8-K; |
• | Amendment or early termination of a 10b5-1 Plan is allowed only under extraordinary circumstances, as determined by the board; |
• | Ninety days must elapse between adoption or amendment of a 10b5-1 Plan and initial trading under the plan; |
• | Reports on Form 4 must identify transactions made pursuant to a 10b5-1 Plan; |
• | An executive may not trade in company stock outside the 10b5-1 Plan. |
• | Trades under a 10b5-1 Plan must be handled by a broker who does not handle other securities transactions for the executive. |
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Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to recoup unearned incentive bonuses or other incentive payments made to senior executives if it is later determined that the figures upon which incentive compensation is earned
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later turn out to have been in error. This is line with the clawback provision in the Trouble Asset Relief Program. Many companies have adopted policies that permit recoupment in cases where fraud, misconduct, or negligence significantly contributed to a restatement of financial results that led to the awarding of unearned incentive compensation. RMG will take into consideration:
• | If the company has adopted a formal recoupment bonus policy; |
• | If the company has chronic restatement history or material financial problems; or |
• | If the company’s policy substantially addresses the concerns raised by the proponent. |
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Severance Agreements for Executives/Golden Parachutes
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that golden parachutes or executive severance agreements be submitted for shareholder ratification, unless the proposal requires shareholder approval prior to entering into employment contracts.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to ratify or cancel golden parachutes. An acceptable parachute should include, but is not limited to, the following:
• | The triggering mechanism should be beyond the control of management; |
• | The amount should not exceed three times base amount (defined as the average annual taxable W-2 compensation during the five years prior to the year in which the change of control occurs; |
• | Change-in-control payments should be double-triggered, i.e., (1) after a change in control has taken place, and (2) termination of the executive as a result of the change in control. Change in control is defined as a change in the company ownership structure. |
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Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares of its stock. Vote FOR the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks.
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Stock Ownership or Holding Period Guidelines
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While RMG favors stock ownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring Named Executive Officers to retain 75% of the shares acquired through compensation plans while employed and/or for two years following the termination of their employment, and to report to shareholders regarding this policy. The following factors will be taken into account:
• | Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or officer ownership requirements in place. These should consist of: |
— | Rigorous stock ownership guidelines, or |
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— | A holding period requirement coupled with a significant long-term ownership requirement, or |
— | A meaningful retention ratio, |
• | Actual officer stock ownership and the degree to which it meets or exceed the proponent’s suggested holding period/retention ratio or the company’s own stock ownership or retention requirements. |
• | Problematic pay practices, current and past, which may promote a short-term versus a long-term focus. |
A rigorous stock ownership guideline should be at least 10x base salary for the CEO, with the multiple declining for other executives. A meaningful retention ratio should constitute at least 50 percent of the stock received from equity awards (on a net proceeds basis) held on a long-term basis, such as the executive’s tenure with the company or even a few years past the executive’s termination with the company.
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Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in SERP agreements to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans.
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to limit the executive benefits provided under the company’s supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) by limiting covered compensation to a senior executive’s annual salary and excluding of all incentive or bonus pay from the plan’s definition of covered compensation used to establish such benefits.
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Termination of Employment Prior to Severance Payment and Eliminating Accelerated Vesting of Unvested Equity
Vote on a CASE-by-CASE on shareholder proposals seeking a policy requiring termination of employment prior to severance payment, and eliminating accelerated vesting of unvested equity. Change-in-control payouts without loss of job or substantial diminution of job duties (single-triggered) are consider a poor pay practice under RMG policy, and may even result in withheld votes from compensation committee members. The second component of this proposal – related to the elimination of accelerated vesting — requires more careful consideration. The following factors will be taken into regarding this policy.
• | The company’s current treatment of equity in change-of-control situations of (i. e. is it double triggered, does it allow for the assumption of equity by acquiring company, the treatment of performance shares. |
• | Current employment agreements, including potential poor pay practices such as gross-ups embedded in those agreements. |
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Generally vote FOR proposals calling for companies to adopt a policy of not providing tax gross-up payments to executives, except in situations where gross-ups are provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or arrangement applicable to management employees of the company, such as a relocation or expatriate tax equalization policy.
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6. Social/Environmental Issues
When evaluating social and environmental shareholder proposals, RMG considers the following factors:
• | Whether adoption of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value; |
• | Whether the information requested concerns business issues that relate to a meaningful percentage of the company’s business as measured by sales, assets, and earnings; |
• | The degree to which the company’s stated position on the issues raised in the proposal could affect its reputation or sales, or leave it vulnerable to a boycott or selective purchasing; |
• | Whether the issues presented are more appropriately/effectively dealt with through governmental or company-specific action; |
• | Whether the company has already responded in some appropriate manner to the request embodied in the proposal; |
• | Whether the company’s analysis and voting recommendation to shareholders are persuasive; |
• | What other companies have done in response to the issue addressed in the proposal; |
• | Whether the proposal itself is well framed and the cost of preparing the report is reasonable; |
• | Whether implementation of the proposal’s request would achieve the proposal’s objectives; |
• | Whether the subject of the proposal is best left to the discretion of the board; |
• | Whether the requested information is available to shareholders either from the company or from a publicly available source; and |
• | Whether providing this information would reveal proprietary or confidential information that would place the company at a competitive disadvantage. |
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Generally vote AGAINST proposals to phase out the use of animals in product testing unless:
• | The company is conducting animal testing programs that are unnecessary or not required by regulation; |
• | The company is conducting animal testing when suitable alternatives are commonly accepted and used at industry peers; or |
• | There are recent, significant fines or litigation related to the company’s treatment of animals. |
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Generally vote FOR proposals seeking a report on the company’s animal welfare standards unless:
• | The company has already published a set of animal welfare standards and monitors compliance; |
• | The company’s standards are comparable to industry peer; and |
• | There are no recent, significant fines or litigation related to the company’s treatment of animals. |
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Controlled Atmosphere Killing (CAK)
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting the implementation of CAK methods at company and/or supplier operations unless such methods are required by legislation or generally accepted as the industry standard.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting a report on the feasibility of implementing CAK methods at company and/or supplier operations considering the availability of existing research conducted by the company or industry groups on this topic and any fines or litigation related to current animal processing procedures at the company.
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Genetically Modified Ingredients
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking suppliers, genetic research companies, restaurants and food retail companies to voluntarily label genetically engineered (GE) ingredients in their products and/or eliminate GE ingredients. The cost of labeling and/or phasing out the use of GE ingredients may not be commensurate with the benefits to shareholders and is an issue better left to regulators.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking for a report on the feasibility of labeling products containing GE ingredients taking into account:
• | The company’s business and the proportion of it affected by the resolution; |
• | The quality of the company’s disclosure on GE product labeling, related voluntary initiatives, and how this disclosure compares with industry peer disclosure; and |
• | Company’s current disclosure on the including feasibility or GE product labeling, including information on the related costs. |
Generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking a report on the social, health, and environmental effects of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Studies of this sort are better undertaken by regulators and the scientific community.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to completely phase out GE ingredients from the company’s products or proposals asking for reports outlining the steps necessary to eliminate GE ingredients from the company’s products. Such resolutions presuppose that there are proven health risks to GE ingredients (an issue better left to regulators) that may outweigh the economic benefits derived from biotechnology.
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Vote CASE-BY CASE on requests for reports on the company’s lending guidelines and procedures taking into account:
• | Whether the company has adequately disclosed mechanisms in place to prevent abusive lending practices; |
• | Whether the company has adequately disclosed the financial risks of the lending products in question; |
• | Whether the company has been subject to violations of lending laws or serious lending controversies; |
• | Peer companies’ policies to prevent abusive lending practices. |
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Pharmaceutical Pricing, Access to Medicines, and Product Reimportation
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies implement specific price restraints on pharmaceutical products unless the company fails to adhere to legislative guidelines or industry norms in its product pricing.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting that the company evaluate report on their product pricing policies or their access to medicine policies, considering:
• | The nature of the company’s business and the potential for reputational and market risk exposure; |
• | The existing disclosure of relevant policies; |
• | Deviation from established industry norms; |
• | The company’s existing, relevant initiatives to provide research and/or products to disadvantaged consumers; |
• | Whether the proposal focuses on specific products or geographic regions; and |
• | The potential cost and scope of the requested report. |
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting that companies report on the financial and legal impact of their prescription drug reimportation policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies adopt specific policies to encourage or constrain prescription drug reimportation. Such matters are more appropriately the province of legislative activity and may place the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its peers.
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Product Safety and Toxic/Hazardous Materials
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives/procedures, and oversight mechanisms related to toxic/hazardous materials or product safety in its supply chain, unless:
• | The company already discloses similar information through existing reports such as a Supplier Code of Conduct and/or a sustainability report; |
• | The company has formally committed to the implementation of a toxic/hazardous materials and/or product safety and supply chain reporting and monitoring program based on industry norms or similar standards within a specified time frame; and |
• | The company has not been recently involved in relevant significant controversies, significant fines, or litigation. |
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions requesting that companies develop a feasibility assessment to phase-out of certain toxic/hazardous materials, or evaluate and disclose the potential financial and legal risks associated with utilizing certain materials, considering:
• | The company’s current level of disclosure regarding its product safety policies, initiatives and oversight mechanisms. |
• | Current regulations in the markets in which the company operates; and |
• | Recent significant controversies, litigation, or fines stemming from toxic/hazardous materials at the company. |
Generally vote AGAINST resolutions requiring that a company reformulate its products.
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions regarding the advertisement of tobacco products, considering:
• | Recent related fines, controversies, or significant litigation; |
• | Whether the company complies with relevant laws and regulations on the marketing of tobacco; |
• | Whether the company’s advertising restrictions deviate from those of industry peers; |
• | Whether the company entered into the Master Settlement Agreement, which restricts marketing of tobacco to youth; |
• | Whether restrictions on marketing to youth extend to foreign countries. |
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals regarding second-hand smoke, considering;
• | Whether the company complies with all laws and regulations; |
• | The degree that voluntary restrictions beyond those mandated by law might hurt the company’s competitiveness; |
• | The risk of any health-related liabilities. |
Generally vote AGAINST resolutions to cease production of tobacco-related products, to avoid selling products to tobacco companies, to spin-off tobacco-related businesses, or prohibit investment in tobacco equities. Such business decisions are better left to company management or portfolio managers.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals regarding tobacco product warnings. Such decisions are better left to public health authorities.
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Generally vote FOR requests for reports on the company’s efforts to diversify the board, unless:
• | The gender and racial minority representation of the company’s board is reasonably inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business; and |
• | The board already reports on its nominating procedures and gender and racial minority initiatives on the board and within the company. |
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking the company to increase the gender and racial minority representation on its board, taking into account:
• | The degree of existing gender and racial minority diversity on the company’s board and among its executive officers; |
• | The level of gender and racial minority representation that exists at the company’s industry peers; |
• | The company’s established process for addressing gender and racial minority board representation; |
• | Whether the proposal includes an overly prescriptive request to amend nominating committee charter language; |
• | The independence of the company’s nominating committee; |
• | The company uses an outside search firm to identify potential director nominees; and |
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• | Whether the company has had recent controversies, fines, or litigation regarding equal employment practices. |
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Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a company disclose its diversity policies or initiatives, or proposals requesting disclosure of a company’s comprehensive workforce diversity data, including requests for EEO-1 data, unless:
• | The company publicly discloses its comprehensive equal opportunity policies and initiatives; |
• | The company already publicly discloses comprehensive workforce diversity data; and |
• | The company has no recent significant EEO-related violations or litigation. |
Generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking information on the diversity efforts of suppliers and service providers. Such requests may pose a significant cost and administration burden on the company.
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Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Domestic Partner Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals seeking to amend a company’s EEO statement or diversity policies to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity, unless the change would result in excessive costs for the company.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to extend company benefits to, or eliminate benefits from domestic partners. Decisions regarding benefits should be left to the discretion of the company.
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Climate Change and the Environment
Generally vote FOR resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the impact of climate change on the company’s operations and investments considering:
• | The company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impacts that climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; |
• | The company’s disclosure level of disclosure is at least of comparable to that of industry peers; and |
• | There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s environmental performance. |
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Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
Generally vote FOR resolutions requesting companies report to shareholders on the risks and liabilities associated with CAFOs unless:
• | The company has publicly disclosed its environmental management policies for its corporate and contract farming operations, including compliance monitoring; and The company publicly discloses company and supplier farm environmental performance data; or |
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• | The company does not have company-owned CAFOs and does not directly source from contract farm CAFOs. |
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Generally vote FOR on proposals requesting a company report on its comprehensive energy efficiency policies, unless:
• | The company complies with applicable energy efficiency regulations and laws, and discloses its participation in energy efficiency policies and programs, including disclosure of benchmark data, targets, and performance measures; or |
• | The proponent requests adoption of specific energy efficiency goals within specific timelines. |
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Facility and Operational Safety/Security
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions requesting that companies report on safety and/or security risks associated with their operations and/or facilities, considering:
• | The company’s compliance with applicable regulations and guidelines; |
• | The company’s current level of disclosure regarding its security and safety policies, procedures, and compliance monitoring; and, |
• | The existence of recent, significant violations, fines, or controversy regarding the safety and security of the company’s operations and/or facilities. |
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Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:
• | The company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; |
• | The company’s level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and |
• | There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s GHG emissions. |
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:
• | Overly prescriptive requests for the reduction in GHG emissions by specific amounts or within a specific time frame; |
• | Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers; |
• | Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions; |
• | The feasibility of reduction of GHGs given the company’s product line and current technology and; |
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• | Whether the company already provides meaningful disclosure on GHG emissions from its products and operations. |
— — — — —
Generally vote FOR requests for reports on potential environmental damage as a result of company operations in protected regions unless:
• | Operations in the specified regions are not permitted by current laws or regulations; |
• | The company does not currently have operations or plans to develop operations in these protected regions; or, |
• | The company’s disclosure of its operations and environmental policies in these regions is comparable to industry peers. |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to adopt a comprehensive recycling strategy, taking into account:
• | The nature of the company’s business; |
• | The extent that peer companies are recycling; |
• | The timetable prescribed by the proposal and the costs and methods of implementation; |
• | Whether the company has a poor environmental track record, such as violations of applicable regulations. |
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Generally vote FOR requests for reports on the feasibility of developing renewable energy resources unless the report is duplicative of existing disclosure or irrelevant to the company’s line of business.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that the company invest in renewable energy resources. Such decisions are best left to management’s evaluation of the feasibility and financial impact that such programs may have on the company.
— — — — —
Vote AGAINST proposals restricting the company from making charitable contributions. Charitable contributions are generally useful for assisting worthwhile causes and for creating goodwill in the community. In the absence of bad faith, self-dealing, or gross negligence, management should determine which, and if, contributions are in the best interests of the company.
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Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Compensation-Related Proposals
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to link, or report on linking, executive compensation to environmental and social criteria (such as corporate downsizings, customer or employee satisfaction, community involvement, human rights, environmental performance, or predatory lending) as the practice of linking executive compensation and such criteria is currently the exception rather than the norm and there appears to be a lack of widely-accepted standards regarding the implementation of effective linkages between executive compensation and corporate non-financial performance. However, the following factors will be considered:
• | Whether the company has significant and persistent controversies or violations regarding social and/or environmental issues; |
• | Whether the company has management systems and oversight mechanisms in place regarding its social and environmental performance; |
• | The degree to which industry peers have incorporated similar non-financial performance criteria in their executive compensation practices; and |
• | The company’s current level of disclosure regarding its environmental and social performance. |
Generally vote AGAINST proposals calling for an analysis of the pay disparity between corporate executives and other non-executive employees. The value of the information sought by such proposals is unclear.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for reports outlining the impact of health pandemics (such as HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Avian Flu) on the company’s operations and how the company is responding to the situation, taking into account:
• | The scope of the company’s operations in the affected/relevant area(s); |
• | The company’s existing healthcare policies, including benefits and healthcare access; and |
• | Company donations to relevant healthcare providers. |
Vote AGAINST proposals asking companies to establish, implement, and report on a standard of response to health pandemics (such as HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Avian Flu), unless the company has significant operations in the affected markets and has failed to adopt policies and/or procedures to address these issues comparable to those of industry peers.
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Lobbying Expenditures/Initiatives
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting information on a company’s lobbying initiatives, considering:
• | Significant controversies, fines, or litigation surrounding a company’s public policy activities, |
• | The company’s current level of disclosure on lobbying strategy, and |
• | The impact that the policy issue may have on the company’s business operations. |
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Political Contributions and Trade Associations Spending
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the workplace so long as:
• | There are no recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding the company’s political contributions or trade association spending; and |
• | The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and prohibits coercion. |
Vote AGAINST proposals to publish in newspapers and public media the company’s political contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to improve the disclosure of a company’s political contributions and trade association spending considering:
• | Recent significant controversy or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or governmental affairs; and |
• | The public availability of a company policy on political contributions and trade association spending including information on the types of organizations supported, the business rationale for supporting these organizations, and the oversight and compliance procedures related to such expenditures of corporate assets. |
Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level and barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.
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International Issues, Labor Issues, and Human Rights
Community Social and Environmental Impact Assessments
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for reports outlining policies and/or the potential (community) social and/or environmental impact of company operations considering:
• | Current disclosure of applicable policies and risk assessment report(s) and risk management procedures; |
• | The impact of regulatory non-compliance, litigation, remediation, or reputational loss that may be associated with failure to manage the company’s operations in question, including the management of relevant community and stakeholder relations; |
• | The nature, purpose, and scope of the company’s operations in the specific region(s); |
• | The degree to which company policies and procedures are consistent with industry norms; and |
• | Scope of the resolution. |
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Foreign Military Sales/Offsets
Vote AGAINST reports on foreign military sales or offsets. Such disclosures may involve sensitive and confidential information. Moreover, companies must comply with government controls and reporting on foreign military sales.
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Internet Privacy and Censorship
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions requesting the disclosure and implementation of Internet privacy and censorship policies and procedures considering:
• | The level of disclosure of company policies and procedures relating to privacy, freedom of speech, Internet censorship, and government monitoring of the Internet; |
• | Engagement in dialogue with governments and/or relevant groups with respect to the Internet and the free flow of information; |
• | The scope of business involvement and of investment in markets that maintain government censorship or monitoring of the Internet; |
• | The market-specific laws or regulations applicable to Internet censorship or monitoring that may be imposed on the company; and, |
• | The level of controversy or litigation related to the company’s international human rights policies and procedures. |
— — — — —
Labor and Human Rights Standards
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on company or company supplier labor and/or human rights standards and policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement company or company supplier labor and/or human rights standards and policies, considering:
• | The degree to which existing relevant policies and practices are disclosed; |
• | Whether or not existing relevant policies are consistent with internationally recognized standards; |
• | Whether company facilities and those of its suppliers are monitored and how; |
• | Company participation in fair labor organizations or other internationally recognized human rights initiatives; |
• | Scope and nature of business conducted in markets known to have higher risk of workplace labor/human rights abuse; |
• | Recent, significant company controversies, fines, or litigation regarding human rights at the company or its suppliers; |
• | The scope of the request; and |
• | Deviation from industry sector peer company standards and practices. |
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Generally vote AGAINST proposals to endorse or increase activity on the MacBride Principles, unless:
• | The company has formally been found to be out of compliance with relevant Northern Ireland fair employment laws and regulations; |
• | Failure to implement the MacBride Principles would put the company in an inconsistent position and/or at a competitive disadvantage compared with industry peers; |
• | Failure to implement the MacBride Principles would subject the company to excessively negative financial impacts due to laws that some municipalities have passed regarding their contracting operations and companies that have not implemented the MacBride Principles; or |
• | The company has had recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding religious-based employment discrimination in Northern Ireland. |
— — — — —
Nuclear and Depleted Uranium Weapons
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking a company to cease production or report on the risks associated with the use of depleted uranium munitions or nuclear weapons components and delivery systems, including disengaging from current and proposed contracts. Such contracts are monitored by government agencies, serve multiple military and non-military uses, and withdrawal from these contracts could have a negative impact on the company’s business.
— — — — —
Operations in High Risk Markets
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for a report on a company’s potential financial reputational risks associated with operations in “high-risk” markets, such as a terrorism-sponsoring state or politically/socially unstable region, taking into account:
• | The nature, purpose, and scope of the operations and business involved that could be affected by social or political disruption; |
• | Current disclosure of applicable risk assessment(s) and risk management procedures; |
• | Compliance with U.S. sanctions and laws; |
• | Consideration of other international policies, standards, and laws; and |
• | Whether the company has been recently involved in recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation related to its operations in “high-risk” markets. |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals calling for companies to report on the risks associated with outsourcing/plant closures, considering:
• | Controversies surrounding operations in the relevant market(s); |
• | The value of the requested report to shareholders; |
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• | The company’s current level of disclosure of relevant information on outsourcing and plant closure procedures; and |
• | The company’s existing human rights standards relative to industry peers. |
— — — — —
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:
• | The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies such as an Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive Code of Corporate Conduct; and/or a Diversity Report; or |
• | The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time frame |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors and trustees, following the same guidelines for uncontested directors for public company shareholder meetings. However, mutual fund boards do not usually have compensation committees, so do not withhold for the lack of this committee.
— — — — —
Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on conversion proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance as a closed-end fund; |
• | Market in which the fund invests; |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the discount; and |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals. |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proxy contests, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance relative to its peers; |
• | Market in which fund invests; |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the issues; |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals; |
• | Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents; |
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• | Independence of directors; |
• | Experience and skills of director candidates; |
• | Governance profile of the company; |
• | Evidence of management entrenchment. |
— — — — —
Investment Advisory Agreements
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on investment advisory agreements, considering the following factors:
• | Proposed and current fee schedules; |
• | Fund category/investment objective; |
• | Performance benchmarks; |
• | Share price performance as compared with peers; |
• | Resulting fees relative to peers; |
• | Assignments (where the advisor undergoes a change of control). |
— — — — —
Approving New Classes or Series of Shares
Vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the authorization for or increase in preferred shares, considering the following factors:
• | Stated specific financing purpose; |
• | Possible dilution for common shares; |
• | Whether the shares can be used for antitakeover purposes. |
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on policies under the Investment Advisor Act of 1940, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness; |
• | Regulatory developments; |
• | Current and potential returns; and |
• | Current and potential risk. |
Generally vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with the current SEC interpretation.
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Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Nonfundamental Restriction
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:
• | The fund’s target investments; |
• | The reasons given by the fund for the change; and |
• | The projected impact of the change on the portfolio. |
— — — — —
Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Nonfundamental
Vote AGAINST proposals to change a fund’s fundamental investment objective to non-fundamental.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on name change proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Political/economic changes in the target market; |
• | Consolidation in the target market; and |
• | Current asset composition. |
— — — — —
Change in Fund’s Subclassification
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on changes in a fund’s sub-classification, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness; |
• | Current and potential returns; |
• | Risk of concentration; |
• | Consolidation in target industry. |
— — — — —
Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to dispose of assets, to terminate or liquidate, considering the following factors:
• | Strategies employed to salvage the company; |
• | The fund’s past performance; |
• | The terms of the liquidation. |
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Changes to the Charter Document
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on changes to the charter document, considering the following factors:
• | The degree of change implied by the proposal; |
• | The efficiencies that could result; |
• | The state of incorporation; |
• | Regulatory standards and implications. |
Vote AGAINST any of the following changes:
• | Removal of shareholder approval requirement to reorganize or terminate the trust or any of its series; |
• | Removal of shareholder approval requirement for amendments to the new declaration of trust; |
• | Removal of shareholder approval requirement to amend the fund’s management contract, allowing the contract to be modified by the investment manager and the trust management, as permitted by the 1940 Act; |
• | Allow the trustees to impose other fees in addition to sales charges on investment in a fund, such as deferred sales charges and redemption fees that may be imposed upon redemption of a fund’s shares; |
• | Removal of shareholder approval requirement to engage in and terminate subadvisory arrangements; |
• | Removal of shareholder approval requirement to change the domicile of the fund. |
— — — — —
Changing the Domicile of a Fund
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on re-incorporations, considering the following factors:
• | Regulations of both states; |
• | Required fundamental policies of both states; |
• | The increased flexibility available. |
— — — — —
Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval
Vote AGAINST proposals authorizing the board to hire/terminate subadvisors without shareholder approval.
— — — — —
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on distribution agreement proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives; |
• | The proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance; |
• | The competitiveness of the fund in the industry; |
• | The terms of the agreement. |
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Vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on merger proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Resulting fee structure; |
• | Performance of both funds; |
• | Continuity of management personnel; |
• | Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights. |
— — — — —
Shareholder Proposals for Mutual Funds
Establish Director Ownership Requirement
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.
— — — — —
Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When supporting the dissidents, vote FOR the reimbursement of the proxy solicitation expenses.
— — — — —
Terminate the Investment Advisor
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to terminate the investment advisor, considering the following factors:
• | Performance of the fund’s Net Asset Value (NAV); |
• | The fund’s history of shareholder relations; |
• | The performance of other funds under the advisor’s management. |
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[LOGO]
2010 International Voting-Policy Manual
RMG Governance Services
December 31, 2009
Copyright © 2009 by RiskMetrics Group. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing Department, One Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a trademark used herein under license.
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Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:
• | There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or |
• | The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed. |
Discussion
Most companies around the world submit these reports to shareholders for approval, and this is one of the first items on most agendas. The official financial statements and director and auditor reports are valuable documents when evaluating a company’s annual performance. The director report usually includes a review of the company’s performance during the year, justification of dividend levels and profits or losses, special events such as acquisitions or disposals, and future plans for the company.
The auditor report discloses any irregularities or problems with the company’s finances. While a qualified report by itself is not sufficient reason to oppose this resolution, it raises cautionary flags of which shareholders should be aware. Most auditor reports are unqualified, meaning that in the auditor’s opinion, the company’s financial statements are made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
When evaluating a company’s financial statements, RMG looks at debt/equity levels on the balance sheet, historical sales and earnings performance, dividend history and payout ratios, and the company’s performance within its own country and relative to similar companies in its industry. Unless there are major concerns about the accuracy of the financial statements or the director or auditor reports, RMG recommends approval of this item.
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Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Compensation
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:
• | There are serious concerns about the accounts presented or the audit procedures used; |
• | The auditors are being changed without explanation; or |
• | Non-audit-related fees are substantial or are routinely in excess of standard annual audit-related fees. |
Vote AGAINST the appointment of external auditors if they have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
Discussion
Most major companies around the world use one of the major international auditing firms to conduct their audits. As such, concerns about the quality and objectivity of the audit are minimal, and the reappointment of the auditor is usually a routine matter. Audit fees tend to be highly competitive and vary little between companies. However, if a company proposes a new auditor or an auditor resigns and does not seek reelection, companies should offer an explanation to shareholders. If shareholders request an explanation for a change in auditor and the company or retiring auditor fails to provide one, RMG recommends a vote against the election of a new auditor. If an explanation is otherwise unavailable, RMG recommends that shareholders abstain on this item.
Many countries also require the appointment of censors, or special auditors who ensure that the board and management are in compliance with the company’s articles. The censors’ role is purely advisory in nature. Proposals to appoint censors are routine, as the censors usually act as a secondary auditor for special audit requirements.
The practice of auditors providing non-audit services to companies is problematic. While large auditors may have effective internal barriers to ensure that there are no conflicts of interest, an auditor’s ability to remain objective becomes questionable when fees paid to the auditor for non-audit services such as management consulting, general bookkeeping, and special situation audits exceed the standard annual audit fees. While some compensation for non-audit services is customary, the importance of maintaining the independence of the auditor is paramount. If fees from non-audit services become significant without any clear safeguards against conflicts of interest, RMG recommends opposing the auditor’s reappointment.
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Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:
• | There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used; |
• | Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or |
• | The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company. |
Discussion
The appointment of internal statutory auditors is a routine request for companies in Latin America, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Japan, Korea, and Russia. The statutory auditing board is usually composed of three to five members, including a group chairman and two alternate members, all of whom are expected to be independent. In addition to the regular duty of verifying corporate accounts, the auditor board is responsible for supervising management and ensuring compliance with the law and articles of association. The auditors must perform an audit of the accounts every three months and present to shareholders a report on the balance sheet at the AGM. For most countries, the auditors are elected annually and may seek reelection. RMG recommends supporting the appointment of statutory auditors unless there are serious concerns about the reports presented or questions about an auditor’s qualifications.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:
• | The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or |
• | The payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. |
Discussion
Many countries require shareholders to approve the allocation of income generated during the year. These proposals usually, but not always, contain an allocation to dividends. When determining the acceptability of this proposal, RMG focuses primarily on the payout ratio. Payouts of less than 30 percent or more than 100 percent are a trigger for further analysis. The minimum level of 30 percent is based on a review of international practice. Payouts of more than 100 percent are a signal that the company is dipping into reserves to make the payment.
Further analysis of payout ratios should include the following: an examination of historical payouts to determine if there is a long-term pattern of low payouts, exceptional events that may have artificially modified earnings for the year, the condition of a company’s balance sheet, comparisons with similar companies both domestically and internationally, and the classification of the company as growth or mature.
Justifications for extreme payouts must be reviewed carefully. If the company has an adequate explanation for a certain payout, RMG supports the income allocation as proposed. However, if a company has a pattern of low payouts, fails to adequately justify the retention of capital, and is not experiencing above-average growth, RMG recommends opposing the proposal. A vote against the payout is also recommended if a company appears to be maintaining an excessive payout that may affect its long-term health.
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Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.
Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
Discussion
Stock (scrip) dividend alternatives, whereby shareholders are offered the option of receiving their dividend payment in the form of fully paid ordinary shares, are common proposals worldwide. While dividend payments in the form of shares in lieu of cash do not immediately add to shareholder value, they allow companies to retain cash and to strengthen the position and commitment of long-term shareholders. RMG opposes stock dividend proposals that do not allow a cash option unless management shows that the cash outflow is detrimental to the company’s health and to long-term shareholder value.
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Amendments to Articles of Association
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Requests to amend a company’s articles of association are usually motivated by changes in the company’s legal and regulatory environment, although evolution of general business practice can also prompt amendments to articles. Such proposals are especially common whenever stock exchange listing rules are revised, new legislation is passed, or a court case exposes the need to close loopholes.
Amendments to articles range from minor spelling changes to the adoption of an entirely new set of articles. While the majority of such requests are of a technical and administrative nature, minor changes in wording can have a significant impact on corporate governance. As such, RMG carefully scrutinizes any changes to a company’s articles.
From a company’s perspective, it is often more efficient to adopt a new set of articles than to introduce numerous amendments. However, bundling changes that treat different provisions of the articles into one voting item prevents shareholders from separating items of concern from routine changes. By leaving a shareholder with an all-or-nothing choice, bundling allows companies to include negative provisions along with positive or neutral changes.
When reviewing new or revised articles, RMG classifies each change according to its potential impact on shareholder value and then weighs the package as a whole. The presence of one strongly negative change may warrant a recommendation against the resolution. In assigning these classifications, RMG is not concerned with the nature of the article being amended, but rather focuses on whether the proposed change improves or worsens the existing provision.
The final criterion on which RMG bases its decision is whether failure to pass a resolution would cause an immediate loss of shareholder value. In such cases, RMG supports even a bundled resolution that includes negative changes.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.
Discussion
Companies routinely seek shareholder approval to change their fiscal year end. This is a decision best left to management. RMG opposes this resolution only if the company is changing its year end to postpone its AGM. Most countries require companies to hold their AGM within a certain period of time after the close of the fiscal year. If a company is embroiled in a controversy, it might seek approval to amend its fiscal year end at an EGM to avoid controversial issues at an AGM. RMG opposes the change in year end in these cases.
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Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.
Discussion
RMG’s recommended level for ownership disclosure is 5 percent. A level below that does not add substantially to shareholders’ interests and is often only a pretext for an antitakeover defense. A lower level also requires a greater number of shareholders to disclose their ownership, causing a greater burden to shareholders and to the company. Positions of more than 5 percent are significant, however, and this is the standard that the U.S. SEC uses.
In certain cases, shareholders may want to know of smaller positions — at a troubled company likely to be put in play, for example. RMG examines these companies to determine if these lower thresholds would benefit shareholders.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Quorum requirements differ widely by market. In the United States, for instance, a quorum of a majority of the outstanding shares is the norm. In many global markets, however, the percentage of shares represented at meetings is not as high as in the United States. Indeed, many companies incorporated in markets outside the United States have difficulty attaining a quorum.
Proposals to amend the quorum requirement are evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on market norms, the company’s reasons for the change, and the company’s ownership structure. With respect to the latter, companies that have a substantial shareholder or shareholder group should set their quorum requirement well above the percentage of shares owned by such shareholder or shareholder group. Quorum requirements are intended to ensure that a broad range of shareholders are represented at meetings. Setting a quorum requirement that is too low, whether in absolute terms or relative to the holdings of a large shareholder, undermines this purpose. A low quorum requirement is of particular concern in markets where resolutions are decided on the basis of either shares present and entitled to vote at a meeting or votes cast at the meeting; in such cases, once a quorum is attained the shares present, regardless of whether they are representative of the entire body of shareholders, will be able to decide the matters under consideration at the meeting.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.
Discussion
This item provides a forum for questions and any other resolutions that may be brought up at the meeting. In most countries the item is a formality and does not require a shareholder vote, but companies in certain countries include other business as a voting item. Because shareholders who vote by proxy cannot know what issues will be raised under this item, RMG cannot recommend that shareholders approve this request when asked for a vote. While RMG recognizes that in most cases this item is a formality or includes discussion that will have no impact on shareholders, shareholders cannot risk the negative consequences of voting in advance on an item for which information has not been disclosed.
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Director Elections
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:
• | Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner; |
• | There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements; |
• | There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest; |
• | There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; and |
• | The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards. |
Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.
Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is disclosed).
Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required to be on those committees.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.
Please see the International Classification of Directors here.
Discussion
RMG considers director elections to be one of the most important voting decisions that shareholders make, especially because shareholders are only given the opportunity to review their companies’ operations once a year at the AGM. Thus, if detailed information on boards or nominees is available, analysis to the highest degree possible is warranted. Directors function as the representatives of shareholders throughout the year and are therefore a crucial avenue of ongoing influence on management.
Levels of disclosure regarding directors vary widely. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, companies publish detailed information such as director biographies, share ownership, and related information that aids shareholders in determining the level of director independence. In many other countries, the only information available on directors is their names, while still other countries disclose no information at all. In cases where detailed information about directors is not available, it would be counterproductive to vote against directors on the basis of a lack of information. Opposition to specific nominees or boards should be supported by specific problems or concerns.
RMG will recommend against the routine election of directors taking into consideration the absence of adequate or timely disclosure, questionable finances or restatements, questionable transactions with conflicts of interest, any record of abuses against minority shareholder interests, bundling of director elections, and/or any other egregious corporate governance practices.
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Boards in many countries are divided into two or more classes that are elected on a staggered basis. This system of classified boards is common across the world. Only Canadian companies routinely elect the entire board on an annual basis, but even in Canada companies may classify their board if an appropriate amendment is made to the articles. In certain countries, executive directors may be appointed for terms of up to five years, and a company’s articles may give executive directors protected board seats under which they are not subject to shareholder election. RMG opposes protected board seats and preferential treatment of executive directors.
When reviewing director election proposals, RMG examines board composition, company performance, and any negative views or information on either the company or individual directors. RMG determines the number of executive directors, independent non-executive directors, and non-independent non-executive directors on the board, the existence and composition of board committees, and the independence of the chairman. A non-independent non-executive director is defined as one who represents a major shareholder; has significant commercial contacts with the company as a legal counsel, auditor, or consultant; has held executive positions within the company in the past; or is related to the founding family, another board member, or a top executive. In cases where board composition is of concern, the company’s general health and its recent financial performance may play a part in the evaluation of directors. Individual director information is also considered, including share ownership among director nominees.
RMG also takes into account the attendance records of directors when such information is provided to shareholders, using a benchmark attendance rate of 75 percent of board meetings. If an individual director fails to attend at least 75 percent of board meetings for two or more consecutive years, RMG makes further inquiries to the company regarding the absences. RMG recommends withholding votes against the director unless the company has provided a reasonable explanation for the absences. International companies tend to have directors who reside in other countries on their boards, making attendance difficult. While RMG understands the difficulties imposed on such directors, failing to attend meetings prevents directors from fulfilling their fiduciary obligations and adequately representing shareholder interests. Other business obligations and conflicting travel schedules are not acceptable reasons for consistently poor attendance records. RMG supports the use of teleconferencing and videoconferencing to cope with the increasing time and travel demands faced by directors in global business.
Statements of corporate governance practices are also helpful in reviewing director election proposals, but only in a few countries are these routinely included as part of the annual report, usually as a listing requirement of the major stock exchange. These reports are required in Australia, Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections
For shareholder nominees, RMG places the persuasive burden on the nominee or the proposing shareholder to prove that they are better suited to serve on the board than management’s nominees. Serious consideration of shareholder nominees will be given only if there are clear and compelling reasons for the nominee to join the board. These nominees must also demonstrate a clear ability to contribute positively to board deliberations; some nominees may have hidden or narrow agendas and may unnecessarily contribute to divisiveness among directors.
The major decision factors are:
• | Company performance relative to its peers |
• | Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents |
• | Independence of directors/nominees |
• | Experience and skills of board candidates |
• | Governance profile of the company |
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• | Evidence of management entrenchment |
• | Responsiveness to shareholders |
• | Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed |
When analyzing proxy contests/ shareholder nominees, RMG focuses on two central questions: (1) Have the dissidents proved that board change is warranted? and (2) if so, are the dissident board nominees likely to effect positive change (i.e., maximize long-term shareholder value)?
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International Classification of Directors
Executive Director
• | Employee or executive of the company; |
• | Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary, fees, bonus, and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of the company. |
Non-Independent Non-Executive Director (NED)
• | Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent NED; |
• | Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant shareholder of the company; |
• | Any director who is also an employee or executive of a significant shareholder of the company; |
• | Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10 percent of the company’s stock, either in economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., members of a family that beneficially own less than 10 percent individually, but collectively own more than 10 percent), unless market best practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure threshold (and in other special market-specific circumstances); |
• | Government representative; |
• | Currently provides (or a relative¹ provides) professional services² to the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an individual officer of the company or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year; |
• | Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with which company maintains transactional/commercial relationship (unless company discloses information to apply a materiality test³); |
• | Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with executive directors or the chairman of the company; |
• | Relative¹ of current employee of the company or its affiliates; |
• | Relative¹ of former executive of the company or its affiliates; |
• | A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the general meeting (such as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder); |
• | Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an employee; |
• | Former executive (five-year cooling off period); |
• | Years of service will NOT be a determining factor unless it is recommended best practice in a market: |
• | 9 years (from the date of election) in the United Kingdom and Ireland; |
• | 12 years in European markets; |
• | 7 years in Russia. |
Independent NED
• | No material4 connection, either direct or indirect, to the company other than a board seat. |
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Employee Representative
• | Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified as “employee representative” but considered a non-independent NED). |
Footnotes:
1 | “Relative” follows the SEC’s proposed definition of “immediate family members” which covers spouses, parents, children, step-parents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for director, executive officer, or significant shareholder of the company. |
2 | Professional services can be characterized as advisory in nature and generally include the following: investment banking/financial advisory services; commercial banking (beyond deposit services); investment services; insurance services; accounting/audit services; consulting services; marketing services; and legal services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate by a non-lead bank should be considered a transaction (and hence subject to the associated materiality test) rather than a professional relationship. |
3 | If the company makes or receives annual payments exceeding the greater of $200,000 or 5 percent of the recipient’s gross revenues. (The recipient is the party receiving the financial proceeds from the transaction.) |
4 | For purposes of RMG’s director independence classification, “material” will be defined as a standard of relationship (financial, personal, or otherwise) that a reasonable person might conclude could potentially influence one’s objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that would have a meaningful impact on an individual’s ability to satisfy requisite fiduciary standards on behalf of shareholders. |
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.
Discussion
Proposals seeking shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees are not controversial in most countries. RMG generally supports resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless they are excessive relative to fees paid by other companies in the same country or industry. In evaluating such proposals, RMG focuses on the fees paid to each non-executive or, if such detailed information is not available, on the aggregate amount payable to all of the non-executives. Where available, RMG will also take into consideration evidence of past abuses, both by the company and those, if any, characteristic of the market.
Companies in many markets provide their non-executives an option to receive all or a portion of their cash fees in the form of company shares. We approve these measures as the exchange is on a “dollar-for-dollar” basis, that is, as long as a director receives shares having a cash value equal to that of the foregone fees, with the share price used for such calculation being determined on a reasonable date. While there is some dilution associated with such payments, such dilution is minimal, and in any event, increasing directors’ share ownership is likely to align the interests of the directors with those of shareholders.
However, RMG will not support such arrangements if the exchange is not dollar-for-dollar; such exchanges put shareholders at a disadvantage by providing directors the opportunity to receive shares at discount, and the interests of directors who have acquired shares at a discount are likely to be less closely aligned with those of other shareholders. Some companies provide their non-executive directors the opportunity to exchange all or a portion of their cash fees for stock options; we would evaluate such grants in accordance with our stock option guidelines.
As is already common in the United States, companies in some global markets have begun to provide their non-executives with stock options as a separate element of their remuneration. In such countries, proposals seeking approval for the remuneration of non-executive directors cannot be evaluated without detailed information regarding the proposed remuneration, which could include options, and in some cases, discounted options. Remuneration proposals that include option grants must be evaluated in accordance with the guidelines for stock options. Likewise, remuneration proposals that could include option grants — by virtue of their being proposed by a company in a market where option grants to non-employee directors are common — must also be evaluated in accordance with the guidelines for stock options.
Some countries require shareholder approval for the remuneration of executive as well as non-executive directors. Companies in such markets occasionally bundle non-executive and executive remuneration proposals into a single resolution. While RMG generally believes that executive compensation is the purview of the board,
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when proposed executive compensation is gratuitous or otherwise excessive in light of market norms or there is past evidence of abuse, RMG will recommend a vote against such resolutions. In reviewing such proposals, our analysis focuses, among other things, on the amount of the proposed compensation relative to market norms but also relative to the company’s financial performance. For example, absent performance criteria and appropriate limits, it would be inappropriate to approve a resolution entitling an executive to a bonus equal to a substantial portion of a company’s profits.
Retirement benefits for non-executive directors are inappropriate, as they increase the directors’ financial reliance on the company and could call into question the objectivity of their decision-making. In addition, most directors have served as senior executives of other companies, and adequate retirement benefits should be provided through these companies. The only caveat to this policy would be for professional non-executive directors such as those found in the United Kingdom. However, requests for such benefits in the United Kingdom are rare, and the appropriateness of using shareholder funds in this manner is questionable.
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Discharge of Board and Management
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
RMG will generally recommend voting for the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties warranted on a case-by-case basis by:
• | A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company interest rather than in shareholder interest |
• | Any legal issues (e.g. civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged action yet to be confirmed (and not only in the fiscal year in question) such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions |
• | Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the company or its directors |
For markets which do not routinely request discharge resolutions (e.g. common law countries or markets where discharge is not mandatory), analysts may voice concern in other appropriate agenda items, such as approval of the annual accounts or other relevant resolutions, to enable shareholders to express discontent with the board.
Discussion
The annual formal discharge of board and management represents shareholder approval of actions taken during the year. Discharge is a tacit vote of confidence in the company’s management and policies. It does not necessarily eliminate the possibility of future shareholder action, although it does make such action more difficult to pursue. Meeting agendas normally list proposals to discharge both the board and management as one agenda item.
This is a routine item in many countries. Discharge is generally granted unless a shareholder states a specific reason for withholding discharge and plans to undertake legal action. Withholding discharge is a serious matter and is advisable only when a shareholder has concrete evidence of negligence or abuse on the part of the board or management, has plans to take legal action, or has knowledge of other shareholders’ plans to take legal action.
If evidence suggests that one or more board or management members are responsible for problems such as fraud or grave mismanagement, shareholders can withhold discharge from these individuals and pursue further legal action. Poor performance that can be directly linked to flagrant error or neglect on the part of the board or management, or board actions that are detrimental to shareholders’ interests, may also constitute grounds for voting against discharge.
If shareholders approve discharge of the board and management, they will face a greater challenge if they subsequently decide to pursue legal action against these parties. Shareholders would be required to prove that management or the board did not supply correct and complete information regarding the matter in question.
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Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.
Discussion
The scope of directors’ and officers’ indemnification and liability provisions varies by market. Within reason, RMG seeks to respect the indemnification and liability protections applicable in each market, but some markets allow companies to provide indemnification and liability protection that we deem excessive. In general, RMG believes that officers and directors should only be eligible for indemnification and liability protection if they have acted in good faith on company business and were found innocent of any civil or criminal charges for duties performed on behalf of the company. Providing indemnification and liability protection beyond such levels would effectively absolve officers and directors of their duties to shareholders. RMG recognizes that limiting a company’s ability to provide liability and indemnification protection may limit its ability to attract and retain qualified directors and executives and that indemnification provisions afford directors and officers protection to take risks and maximize shareholder wealth. However, RMG also believes that providing liability and indemnification protection in excess of that outlined above could unfairly prejudice shareholders in holding officers and directors accountable and that the level of protection allowed under our guidelines represents a reasonable compromise.
When evaluating indemnification and liability provisions in more developed markets that enumerate the duty of loyalty and the duty of care, RMG also takes into account the liability and indemnification provisions contained in RMG’s U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines.
Although RMG supports indemnifying directors and officers, RMG opposes providing these protections to auditors. These payments call into question the objectivity of the auditor in carrying out the audit, as the fees paid on its behalf could be greater than the audit fees alone. Eliminating concerns about being sued for carelessness could also lead to a decrease in the quality of the audit. Given the substantial settlements against auditors in recent years for poor audit practices, the cost of such insurance to the company and its shareholders is unwarranted.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.
Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.
Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.
Discussion
Resolutions relating to board structures range from fixing the number of directors or establishing a minimum or maximum number of directors to introducing classified boards and director term limits.
Board Size
Proposals to fix board size are common and are routinely approved. Proposals to establish a range of board size are also frequent; a range of two or three open slots relative to the existing board size is reasonable, as it gives the company some flexibility to attract potentially valuable board members during the year. Latitude beyond this range is inappropriate, however, because companies can use this freedom to hinder unwanted influence from potential acquirers or large shareholders.
Adopt Classified Board
RMG prefers that all directors stand for reelection every year. All directors should be accountable to shareholders on an annual basis, as the ability to elect directors is the single most important use of the shareholder franchise.
While classified boards are the norm in most countries, some companies have chosen to place their directors up for annual election. RMG supports initiatives to declassify boards and opposes proposals to classify previously unstaggered boards. Classifying the board makes it more difficult to effect a change of control through a proxy contest; because only a minority of the directors are elected each year, a dissident shareholder would be unable to win control of the board in a single election.
Introduction of Mandatory Age of Retirement
RMG believes that age should not be the sole factor in determining a director’s value to a company. Rather, each director’s performance should be evaluated on the basis of his or her individual contribution and experience.
Altering Board Size
Companies may attempt to increase board size in order to add related or like-minded directors to the board. Conversely, establishing a minimum number of directors could make it easier to remove independent directors from the board. RMG considers these proposals on a case-by-case basis.
All proposals to alter board size during a proxy fight or other possible contests for control should be opposed. Allowing directors to alter the terms of a contest while it is underway is not in shareholders’ interests, as this tactic could be used to thwart a takeover that is in shareholders’ interests.
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Two-Tiered Boards
Companies in many countries have a two-tiered board structure, comprising a supervisory board of non-executive directors and a management board with executive directors. The supervisory board oversees the actions of the management board, while the management board is responsible for the company’s daily operations. At companies with two-tiered boards, shareholders elect members to the supervisory board only; the supervisory board appoints management board members. In Austria, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Germany, Peru, Poland, Portugal, and Russia, two-tiered boards are the norm. Company law in France and Spain also permits them.
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Companies have one of two main types of capital systems: authorized and conditional. Both systems provide companies with the means to finance business activities, but they are considerably different in structure. Which system a company uses is determined by the economic and legal structure of the market in which it operates.
Authorized Capital System
The authorized capital system sets a limit in a company’s articles on the total number of shares that can be issued by the company’s board. The system allows companies to issue shares from this pre-approved limit, although in many markets shareholder approval must be obtained prior to an issuance. Companies also request shareholder approval for increases in authorization when the amount of shares contained in the articles is inadequate for issuance authorities. RMG reviews proposals for such increases based on the following criteria: the history of issuance requests; the size of the request; the purpose of the issuance (general or specific) associated with the increase in authorization; and the status of preemptive rights (see Share Issuance Requests).
Conditional Capital System
Under the conditional capital system, companies seek authorizations for pools of capital with fixed periods of availability. For example, if a company seeks to establish a pool of capital for general issuance purposes, it requests the creation of a certain number of shares with or without preemptive rights, issuable piecemeal at the discretion of the board for a fixed period of time. Shares unissued after the fixed time period lapse. This type of authority would be used to carry out a general rights issue or small issuances without preemptive rights.
Requests for a specific issuance authority are tied to a specific transaction or purpose, such as an acquisition or the servicing of convertible securities. Such authorities cannot be used for any purpose other than that specified in the authorization. In this case, a company requests the creation of a certain number of shares with or without preemptive rights, issuable as needed for the specific purpose requested. This pool of conditional capital also carries a fixed expiration date.
In reviewing these proposals, RMG takes into consideration the existence of pools of capital from previous years. Because most capital authorizations are for several years, new requests may be made on top of the existing pool of capital. While most requests contain a provision to eliminate earlier pools and replace them with the current request, this is not always the case. Thus, if existing pools of capital are being left in place, the aggregate potential dilution amount from all capital should be considered.
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Share Issuance Requests
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
General Issuances:
Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital.
Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital.
Specific Issuances:
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.
General Issuances
General issuance requests under both authorized and conditional capital systems allow companies to issue shares to raise funds for general financing purposes. Approval of such requests gives companies sufficient flexibility to carry out ordinary business activities without having to bear the expense of calling shareholder meetings for every issuance.
Issuances can be carried out with or without preemptive rights. Preemptive rights permit shareholders to share proportionately in any new issuances of stock. These rights guarantee existing shareholders the first opportunity to purchase shares of new issuances of stock in the class they own in an amount equal to the percentage of the class they already own. Corporate law in many countries recognizes preemptive rights and requires shareholder approval to waive such rights.
RMG believes that the ability to double share capital through a rights issue (with preemptive rights) provides the company with sufficient financing to meet most contingencies. Rights issues for general capital needs of more than 100 percent of outstanding capital warrant shareholder approval. Issuance authorities of more than 100 percent can lead to excessive cash calls on shareholders, requiring them to provide the funds necessary to maintain their relative positions in the company or to accept substantial dilution.
In some cases, companies may need the ability to raise funds for routine business contingencies without the expense of carrying out a rights issue. Such contingencies could include the servicing of option plans, small acquisitions, or payment for services. When companies make issuance requests without preemptive rights, shareholders suffer dilution as a result of such issuances. Therefore, authorizations should be limited to a fixed number of shares or a percentage of capital at the time of issuance. While conventions regarding this type of authority vary widely among countries, RMG routinely approves issuance requests without preemptive rights for up to 20 percent of a company’s outstanding capital.
Stock exchange listing rules also play a factor in determining the acceptability of share issuance requests. In some markets, companies may ask for the authority to issue all of their authorized but unissued share capital, yet the country’s stock exchange prevents a company from issuing more than ten percent of the company’s share capital in any one year without seeking additional shareholder approval. Another example is global companies that are listed on NASDAQ or the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Generally speaking, companies listed on NASDAQ and the NYSE must seek shareholder approval for any issuance of shares or of securities convertible into shares in excess of 20 percent of the company’s outstanding shares at the time of issuance. If stock exchange listing requirements include adequate safeguards with respect to share issuances, RMG will approve the request unless there are specific concerns with the company.
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Specific Issuances
Specific issuance requests should be judged on their individual merits. For example, a company may request the issuance of shares for an acquisition in the form of a rights issue to raise funds for a cash payment, or else a company could request an issuance without preemptive rights for use in a share-based acquisition or issuance to a third party. Such a request could be of any size, and RMG recommends approval as long as the proposal is sound. A more routine request would be an authority to issue shares without preemptive rights for issuance as needed upon conversion of convertible securities or to service a share option plan. These shares can only be used for the purpose defined in the resolution.
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Increases in Authorized Capital
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.
Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:
• | The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet RMG guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or |
• | The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances. |
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.
Discussion
Increases in authorized capital are requested both for general financing flexibility and to provide for a specific purpose. Companies need an adequate buffer of unissued capital in order to take advantage of opportunities during the year, thus they often request increases in authorized capital for no specific purpose other than to retain this flexibility. RMG believes that approving such requests is reasonable.
An increase of 100 percent over the existing authorization gives the company sufficient flexibility in any given year, but requiring that at least 30 percent of the new authorization be outstanding also limits the company’s ability to abuse this privilege. If a company wishes to issue shares for any unforeseen reason during the year that would double (or possibly triple) outstanding share capital, an EGM to seek shareholder approval is justified.
Another important consideration is the status of preemptive rights. Not all countries recognize shareholders’ preemptive rights, and excessive authorizations could lead to substantial dilution for existing shareholders. When preemptive rights are not guaranteed, companies do not need shareholder approval for share issuances as long as the issuance does not result in an increase above the authorized capital limit.
For specific requests, increases in capital up to any size may be justified if the purpose of the new authorization is in shareholders’ interests. Such increases may be needed to fund a variety of corporate activities, thus each proposal must be reviewed on its individual merits. However, the same concerns with dilution exist if the outstanding capital is still less than 30 percent of the new authorization after all issuances take place.
RMG recommends that shareholders vote against proposals seeking to increase authorized capital to an unlimited number of shares. RMG does not believe that companies need unlimited financial flexibility to transact ordinary business because such an arrangement precludes management from periodically consulting shareholders for new capital. Unlimited authorizations may also be used as antitakeover devices, and they have the potential for substantial voting and earnings dilution; they are not in shareholders’ interests.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.
Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Proposals to reduce capital can cover a variety of corporate actions, ranging from routine accounting measures to reductions pertaining to a significant corporate restructuring in the face of bankruptcy. In addition, proposals to reduce capital can vary significantly from market to market as a result of local laws and accounting standards. Some examples of capital reduction proposals found overseas include:
Reduction in Stated Capital
One example of this type of proposal asks shareholders to allow the board to reduce the company’s deficit and create a contributed surplus by effecting a reduction in the state capital of the company’s common shares. A company may take this action if its net assets are in danger of falling below the aggregate of its liabilities and its stated capital. Should that situation occur, under some corporate law statutes the company would be prohibited from paying dividends on its shares. RMG usually supports such proposals as they are considered to be routine accounting measures. This type of proposal is seen often in Canada.
Reduction in Connection with Cancellation of Repurchased Shares
A company may also seek a reduction in capital corresponding to the cancellation of shares repurchased in connection with an earlier buyback authorization. The amount of equity that may be cancelled is usually limited to ten percent by national law. This type of proposal is seen most often in Scandinavia, Japan, Spain, and some Latin America markets and is considered a routine accounting measure.
Reduction in Connection with Dividend Payments
If a board determines growth in income to be insufficient to enable the payment of a dividend, it may propose to lower the par value of the company’s shares and pay the difference in par value back to the shareholders, effecting a corresponding reduction in capital. Such reduction is normally effected proportionately against all outstanding capital, and therefore does not involve any material change relative to shareholder value.
Thus, RMG generally recommends that shareholders vote for these proposals, which are most often seen in Switzerland, Spain, and some Latin American markets.
Reduction in Connection with Repayment and Cancellation of Deferred Shares and Preference Shares
Companies may also seek approval for the reduction of share capital pursuant to a repayment and cancellation of deferred shares or preference shares. Deferred shares may be created as bonus shares by a company capitalizing credit from a share premium account pursuant to a reorganization plan, for example, to return excess capital back to shareholders. The company then repurchases the bonus shares in exchange for cash equal to their nominal value and cancels them through a capital reduction. Companies that have preference shares outstanding may also request to cancel and repay these shares which may no longer be required for the carrying out of their financial objectives and may accrue administration costs which have become disproportionate to the
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benefits of maintaining such shares. Preference shares also carry certain rights that restrict the flexibility of conducting certain corporate actions, in particular share repurchases, which is another reason why companies propose to cancel such shares. In either case, RMG supports such reductions as they simplify capital structure and save on administration costs and remove certain restrictions associated with preference shares. This type of proposal is commonly seen in the United Kingdom.
Reduction in Connection with Restructuring
As noted above, some proposals to reduce capital are made in connection with a significant corporate restructuring. RMG generally supports such proposals because opposition could lead to insolvency, which is not in shareholders’ interests. Evaluation of this type of proposal should take a realistic approach to the company’s situation and the future prospects for shareholders.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.
Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the creation of new or additional supervoting shares.
Discussion
A key decision for any business is determining its capital structure. When timed correctly, sophisticated capital management — finding the right mixes of equity, long-term debt, and short-term financing — can enhance shareholder returns. This process involves coordination of important issues, including dividend policy, tax and interest rates, types of assets, opportunities for growth, ability to finance new projects internally, and cost of obtaining additional capital.
These decisions are best left to a company’s board and senior management, who should be given the latitude to determine the company’s capital structure. However, shareholders should be aware that many financing decisions could have an adverse effect on shareholder returns. For example, additional equity financing may reduce an existing shareholder’s ownership interest and can dilute the value of the investment. Some capital requests can be used as takeover defenses; in response to this situation, company laws establish limits on management’s authority to issue new capital and often require shareholder approval for significant changes in management’s existing authorizations.
RMG supports a one-share, one-vote policy and opposes mechanisms that skew voting rights. Shareholders’ voting rights should accrue in accordance with their equity capital commitment to the company. Dual-class capital structures entrench certain shareholders and management, insulating them from possible takeovers or other external influence or action. The interests of parties with voting control may not be the same as those of shareholders constituting a majority of the company’s capital. Additionally, research and market experience have shown that companies with dual-class capital structures or other antitakeover mechanisms consistently trade at a discount to similar companies without such structures.
When companies with dual class capital structures seek shareholder approval for the creation of new shares, RMG opposes the creation of additional supervoting shares because this perpetuates the dual class structure. If companies are seeking to increase ordinary or subordinate share capital, RMG reviews such requests on a case-by-case basis. If the shares are needed for a specific purpose, RMG recommends approval as long as the proposal meets the issuance guidelines for specific requests. Refusing such requests could cause an immediate loss of shareholder value by not allowing the company to carry out its ordinary business. However, RMG opposes general share creation requests on the grounds that they would perpetuate unequal voting structures. If shareholders routinely approve the creation of ordinary or subordinate voting shares, the company has no incentive to reform its capital structure. By not approving such requests, shareholders can send a signal of dissatisfaction to management.
If a company submits a proposal, which in effect would narrow the gap between the number of votes attached to each share class but not necessarily eliminate the inequality, RMG may still consider supporting the proposal since it entails an improvement compared to the current situation.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets RMG’s guidelines on equity issuance requests.
Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.
Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.
Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Preferred stock is an equity security, but also has certain features that liken it to debt instruments, such as fixed dividend payments, seniority of claims relative to regular common stock, and (in most cases) no voting rights except on matters that affect the seniority of preferred stock as a class. Preferred stock usually ranks senior to a company’s ordinary shares with respect to dividends and the distribution of assets or winding up of the company. Preferred stock can be an effective means of raising capital without increasing debt levels, especially if a company has recently concluded a series of acquisitions.
In determining the acceptability of proposals relating to preferred stock, RMG examines the rights and terms of the proposed shares, including their designation, conditions, restrictions, and limitations. RMG prefers that the terms of preferred stock be set out at the time of the issuance or authorization request. Also important is the company’s justification for issuing or authorizing preferred stock. Whether or not the preferred shares carry voting rights is also considered, especially if the preferred stock will feature superior voting rights to the common shares. While RMG believes that preferred shares are a valid form of financing, we also believe that the creation or issuance of preference shares should be limited to 50 percent of a company’s share capital. RMG will also oppose cases where there has been evidence of management abuse of a past issuance authority.
Voting Preferred Stock
In some markets, preferred stock carries voting rights. Such preference shares may carry voting rights equal to the voting rights of the common shares or may carry multiple voting rights. In such cases, RMG’s guidelines on capital structure are applied. RMG supports a one share, one vote policy and opposes measures that seek to establish dual-class capital structures. However, if a company already has a preference share authorization with different voting rights than the common shares, RMG will approve additional issuances of the preference shares, as long as issuances of these preferred shares are limited and do not adversely affect the rights of common shareholders.
Convertible Preferred Stock
Companies may also seek approval for the creation or issuance of preferred stock that is convertible into common stock. If the shares are convertible into common shares, RMG evaluates the conversion ratio and
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calculates the maximum number of shares that could be issued upon conversion to determine the potential amount of dilution that could result for common shareholders as a result of the proposal. RMG’s equity issuance guidelines are then applied to determine whether the level of dilution is in shareholder’s best interests.
Blank Check Preferred Stock
Companies may also seek shareholder approval for blank check preferred stock, which refers to blanket authorities to issue preferred stock under which the directors are allowed to set the size, terms, and recipient of such shares at the time of issuance. Blank check preferred stock can be used for legitimate corporate purposes such as raising capital or making acquisitions. By not establishing the terms of preferred stock at the time the class of stock is created, companies maintain the flexibility to tailor their preferred stock offerings to prevailing market conditions. However, blank check preferred stock can also be used as an entrenchment device. The ability to issue a block of preferred stock with multiple voting or conversion rights to a friendly investor is a powerful takeover defense.
RMG supports blank check preferred stock proposals as long as the proposal states that the shares will not be issued as a takeover defense. RMG also considers, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to increase authorizations of blank check preferred stock when shareholders have already approved the class of stock and the company has a history of issuing such stock for legitimate financing purposes. Theoretically, companies with authorized blank check preferred stock can use these shares for antitakeover purposes as long as there are a few shares remaining, as they are free to set voting or conversion terms with each issue. Therefore, an increase in authorization may have little effect on the usage of this stock. In cases where a company has issued preferred stock from its authorization for legitimate financing purposes, there is no reason to object to an increase.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive rights.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets RMG’s guidelines on equity issuance requests.
Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.
Discussion
Debt issuance is a popular financing strategy in world markets. Companies routinely issue bonds directly to shareholders in order to raise funds while enjoying low borrowing costs, although bonds are also often issued without preemptive rights. The issuance of unsecured debt can often include warrants, which are detached at the time of bond issuance. Warrants are usually attached to a debt issuance in order to enhance the marketability of the accompanying fixed income security. Debt instruments are often issued with the right to convert into equity securities. Convertible bonds give holders the choice of becoming shareholders, thereby increasing the shareholder base and liquidity of the company’s stock, or selling their newly converted shares on the open market. In addition, many companies issue debt denominated in currencies other than that of their home market.
When evaluating a debt issuance request, RMG determines the type of debt instrument being issued, the characteristics of the instrument (including whether or not it is convertible into common stock), the intended recipient of the issuance, and the company’s justification for the issuance.
In the case of convertible debt, RMG evaluates the conversion ratio and calculates the maximum number of shares that could be issued upon conversion to determine the potential amount of dilution that could result from the proposal. RMG’s equity issuance guidelines are then applied to determine whether the level of dilution is in shareholders’ best interests.
In the case of non-convertible debt, RMG takes into account the size and purpose of the increase, and the board’s use of past authorizations including examining whether there has been a history of abuse of the authorities. RMG looks at the company’s current financial situation, specifically examining its current debt-to-equity ratio, or gearing level. A high gearing level may incline markets and financial analysts to downgrade the company’s bond rating, increasing its investment risk factor in the process. RMG also considers other factors such as the company’s growth over the past five years relative to earnings or market capitalization, recent corporate events that might affect the company’s bottom line (such as the acquisition of a major competitor or the release of a revolutionary product), and the normal debt levels in the company’s industry and country of origin. Although all of these considerations are factored into RMG’s analysis of debt issuance proposals, RMG generally believes that such financing concerns are best decided by management. RMG will, however, issue vote recommendations against such proposals in cases where there has been evidence of management abuse of an authority, where the proposal is not in line with market practices, or extreme cases where shareholders’ rights could be negatively affected.
Companies may also seek shareholder approval to restructure existing debt arrangements. RMG generally supports restructuring proposals, particularly if the company is in danger of default. However, RMG will oppose restructuring proposals in which common shareholders are being treated unfairly.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
In certain countries, shareholder approval is required when a company needs to secure a debt issuance with its assets. In many cases, this is a routine request and is a formality under the relevant law. When reviewing such proposals, RMG takes into account the terms of the proposed debt issuance and the company’s overall debt level. If both of these factors are acceptable, RMG recommends supporting these requests.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
In some countries, companies are required to seek shareholder approval for increases in their aggregate borrowing power authorities. The aggregate limit on the board’s ability to borrow money is often fixed in a company’s articles, and shareholder approval to change this limit is therefore legally required. RMG believes that a company’s financing needs are best determined by the board, and modest increases in borrowing powers are necessary to allow the company to take advantage of new acquisition opportunities or to complete development and restructuring projects. RMG’s analysis of borrowing power increase requests takes into account management’s stated need for the increase, the size of the increase, and the company’s current gearing level. Large increases in borrowing powers can sometimes result in dangerously high debt-to-equity ratios that could harm shareholder value. If an increase is excessive without sufficient justification and if a company already has exceptionally high gearing compared to its industry, RMG recommends opposing the request.
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Share Repurchase Plans
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Generally vote FOR share repurchase programs/market repurchase authorities, provided that the proposal meets the following parameters:
• | Maximum volume: 10 percent for market repurchase within any single authority and 10 percent of outstanding shares to be kept in treasury (“on the shelf”) |
• | Duration does not exceed 18 months. |
RMG will recommend AGAINST any proposal where:
• | The repurchase can be used for takeover defense; |
• | There is clear evidence of abuse; |
• | There is no safeguard against selective buybacks; |
• | Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice |
RMG may support share repurchase plans in excess of 10 percent volume under exceptional circumstances, such as one-off company specific events (e.g. capital restructuring). Such proposals will be assessed CASE-BY-CASE based on merits, which should be clearly disclosed in the annual report, provided that following conditions are met:
• | The overall balance of the proposed plan seems to be clearly in shareholders’ interests; |
• | The plan still respects the 10 percent maximum of shares to be kept in treasury. |
Discussion
Proposals regarding share repurchase plans are routine in most countries, and such plans are usually sufficiently regulated by local laws or listing requirements to protect shareholder interests.
RMG looks for the following conditions in share repurchase plans: limitations on a company’s ability to use the plan to repurchase shares from third parties at a premium; limitations on the exercise of the authority to thwart takeover threats; and a requirement that repurchases be made at arm’s length through independent third parties and that selective repurchases require shareholder approval.
Share repurchase programs often involve positive financial consequences to shareholders, as they generally increase the level of earnings per share and bring greater liquidity to the share. Therefore we are generally supportive of share buybacks.
For markets that either generally do not specify the maximum duration of the authority or seek a duration beyond 18 months that is allowable under market specific legislation, RMG will assess the company’s historic practice. If there is evidence that a company has sought shareholder approval for the authority to repurchase shares on an annual basis, RMG will support the proposed authority. In Greece, the legal framework allows share repurchase authorizations to last a maximum of 24 months, although they are typically renewed on a yearly basis. Greek companies typically request shareholders to approve share repurchase schemes in line with provisions in the Company Act. Rarely does a company specify the exact duration of the authorization. Therefore, it is assumed that the duration could be up to 24 months, as foreseen in the legal framework. Around half of Austrian companies restrict share repurchase plans to a limit of 18 months, the majority of Austrian companies either ask for a maximum of 30 months or do not disclose the duration at all.
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Reissuance of Shares Repurchased
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.
Discussion
RMG generally believes that properly timed repurchases of company shares can enhance shareholder value and improve general shareholder returns. With good timing and proper safeguards, the same returns and improvements in shareholder value can be generated through the reissuance of the shares repurchased. In most countries, the text of this general mandate provides sufficient shareholder protection to make this item routine. When reviewing such proposals, RMG takes into account the country’s legal framework for such reissuances and the company’s history of reissuing shares under the authority.
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Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase In Par Value
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.
Discussion
Companies routinely carry out bonus issues of shares or increases in par value to existing shareholders, usually through the capitalization of reserves from either the share premium reserve or the retained earnings account. Capitalization of these reserves — transferring them into the share capital account — usually requires shareholder approval. These issuances essentially function as dividends.
When companies increase par value or capitalize reserves and distribute new fully paid shares to shareholders free of charge through a bonus issue, there is no cost to shareholders to maintain their stakes and no risk of dilution. This procedure transfers wealth to shareholders and does not significantly impact share value. The only impact on shareholders is that by increasing the number of shares on issue, the company could increase liquidity, enhance marketability, and ultimately expand its shareholder base.
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Reorganizations/Restructurings
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Requests to approve corporate reorganizations or restructurings range from the routine shuffling of subsidiaries within a group to major rescue programs for ailing companies. RMG usually approves such resolutions unless there are clear conflicts of interest among the various parties, shareholders’ rights are being negatively affected, or certain groups or shareholders appear to be getting a better deal at the expense of general shareholders.
In the case of routine reorganizations of assets or subsidiaries within a group, RMG’s primary focus with the proposed changes is to ensure that shareholder value is being preserved. This includes the effect of the reorganization on the control of group assets, the final ownership structure, the relative voting power of existing shareholders if the share capital is being adjusted, and the expected benefits arising from the changes.
In the case of a distress restructuring of a company or group, shareholders’ options are far more limited; often, they have no choice but to approve the restructuring or lose everything. In such cases, RMG first determines the company’s degree of distress by determining whether or not the company still has a positive net asset value — that is, if realizable assets are greater than liabilities. Although rare, liquidation should be considered an option in these situations.
In most cases, however, the company has a negative asset value, meaning that shareholders would have nothing left after a liquidation. RMG seeks to ensure that the degree of dilution proposed is consistent with the claims of outside parties and is commensurate with the relative commitments of other company stakeholders. Existing shareholders usually must accept the transfer of majority control over the company to outside secured creditors. Ultimately, ownership of a small percentage of something is worth more than majority ownership of nothing.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
For every M&A analysis, RMG reviews publicly available information as of the date of the report and evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
• | Valuation — Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, RMG places emphasis on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale. |
• | Market reaction — How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction will cause RMG to scrutinize a deal more closely. |
• | Strategic rationale — Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions. |
• | Conflicts of interest — Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? RMG will consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. |
• | Governance — Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance. |
Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.
Discussion
When evaluating the merits of a proposed acquisition, merger, or takeover offer, RMG focuses on the impact of the proposal on shareholder value, both in the immediate and long term. The primary concern is to determine whether or not the proposal is beneficial to shareholders’ existing and future earnings stream and to ensure that the impact on voting rights is not disproportionate to that benefit. Although RMG examines these proposals closely from a corporate governance perspective, a variety of other factors are considered, including the financial terms of the transaction and the strategic rationale for the proposal.
In the case of an acquisition, RMG examines the level of voting or earnings dilution and the logic of the proposed purchase if large share issuances are required. The method of financing is also important, as various methods can result in different valuations than originally perceived. RMG also checks for an independent valuation of the terms, particularly if the target of the acquisition is not a publicly traded entity or asset and precise market valuations are not readily available. RMG also considers the control premium in the transaction. Control premiums on acquisitions vary widely depending on the industry, the time period, and the country. For publicly traded entities or assets, RMG looks at the price of the acquisition relative to the average market price prior to any announcement, as well as the historical price trends for 60 days prior. For non-publicly traded entities or assets, an independent financial evaluation becomes even more important.
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In the case of mergers, RMG examines whether or not the merger makes commercial or strategic sense for the company. RMG also considers the method of effecting the merger and the ultimate impact on shareholders of the proposed financial and corporate governance structure. While historical relative valuations based on market prices are useful in the financial evaluation process, the often-complicated financial details of such proposals make an independent fairness opinion of extreme importance. The proposed board structure, share capital structure, relative share ownership, and any takeover defenses of the new company are all important factors for consideration in this evaluation process.
Obviously, levels of disclosure regarding merger and acquisition proposals will vary greatly from market to market. In more developed markets, shareholders are often provided with detailed financial and governance information as well as an independent fairness opinion and in some cases, a formal valuation report. When evaluating proposals in these markets, RMG relies primarily on the documents and information provided by the company and its advisors. However, in many emerging markets, detailed information regarding mergers and acquisitions can be scarce. In these markets, RMG must rely more heavily on secondary sources, including local shareholder associations, market reaction to the proposed transaction, and news reports.
If the details of a given proposal are unclear or not available and a fairness opinion (in markets where they are regularly provided) is also not available, RMG recommends voting against the proposal. If a company is uncooperative in providing information about the proposal or is evasive when responding to questions, RMG recommends voting against the item in question.
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Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Many countries impose a bid threshold that forces any shareholder whose stake exceeds the limit to tender a public bid to all the other owners to purchase the remaining shares. The thresholds are imposed either by national law, stock exchange rules, or a company’s articles of association. This mandatory takeover bid rule prohibits a shareholder from owning a large stake in the company and having a dominating voice in the decision-making without being required to purchase the remainder of the shares. Without such a requirement, the other shareholders, although potentially holding a substantial percentage of the company’s shares, would be left with relatively little say in decisions. Mandatory bid requirements also seek to prevent “creeping acquisitions” and to ensure that shareholders, other than the controlling shareholder, receive a control premium when control of the company shifts to the large shareholder.
RMG opposes proposals to exempt a large shareholder from the obligation to bid. The requirement that a takeover bid should be launched when a substantial amount of shares have been acquired prevents the entrenchment of the controlling shareholder and protects minority owners.
RMG does make an exception to the mandatory takeover bid rule when the event prompting the takeover bid is a repurchase by the company of its own shares. When a company repurchases its own shares, the relative stake of a large shareholder increases even though the number of shares held by the large shareholder has not changed. In certain markets, notably the United Kingdom and Ireland, the mandatory bid rules require a large shareholder to make a takeover bid if its stake in the company is increased on a relative basis as a result of a share repurchase by the company. Companies in these markets may seek a waiver from the takeover bid requirement applicable to their large shareholder. Under certain circumstances, RMG will support such a waiver, namely, if the share repurchase would not push the large shareholder’s stake in the company above 50 percent.
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RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Reincorporation proposals are most commonly seen in Canada, where companies may register under one of the provincial business statutes. However, companies in other countries may also seek shareholder approval to reincorporate in a U.S. state or another country. Many companies, including U.S. companies, choose to reincorporate in places such as Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, or the British Virgin Islands for tax purposes.
When examining a reincorporation proposal, RMG first examines the reasons for the move. Sometimes a reincorporation proposal is part of a restructuring effort or merger agreement that contributes significantly to a company’s growth, financial health, and competitive position more than the anticipated negative consequences of incorporating in another province or country. Some reincorporations allow firms to realize lower taxes or incorporation fees. In addition, there may be advantages to incorporating in the province in which the company conducts the bulk of its business.
Companies often adopt a new charter or bylaws with increased protection for management upon reincorporation. For instance, many reincorporation proposals are bundled with the ratification of a new charter that increases the company’s capital stock or imposes a classified board. When such changes to the charter include the addition of negative corporate governance provisions, the impact of these new provisions on shareholders must be balanced against the anticipated benefits of the reincorporation.
RMG believes that reincorporations to countries, states, or provinces with less stringent disclosure requirements or corporate governance provisions are often management attempts to lessen accountability to shareholders. In such cases, RMG recommends voting against the proposal. The expenses involved in a change of domicile relating to legal and administrative fees, plus the greater entrenchment such a reincorporation could provide management, would likely harm shareholders’ interests. In cases where companies propose to move to a more protective province or country and supply reasonable financial reasons for doing so, the benefits of the reincorporation must be weighed against the costs of possible management entrenchment.
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Expansion of Business Activities
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.
Discussion
Companies are usually required by law to include in their articles of association or memorandum of association specific business purposes in the form of an objects clause. Because most countries require shareholder approval before articles can be amended, any change to the company’s objects clause requires shareholder approval. Countries often seek shareholder approval to amend the objects clause to expand business lines.
Expanding business lines is a decision usually best left to management, but there are some instances where RMG withholds support for such changes. If a company has performed poorly for several years and seeks business expansion into a risky enterprise, RMG would require further clarification from management regarding the purpose of the expansion. If the company does not provide a satisfactory business plan, RMG recommends that shareholders vote against the proposal.
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Vote related-party transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Shareholders are often asked to approve commercial transactions between related parties. A transaction between a parent company and its subsidiary, or a company’s dealings with entities that employ the company’s directors, are usually classified as related-party transactions and are subject to company law or stock exchange listing requirements that mandate shareholder approval. Shareholder approval of these transactions is meant to protect shareholders against insider trading abuses.
In most cases, both the rationale and terms of such transactions are reasonable. RMG looks for evidence of an evaluation of the transaction by an independent body, but this is not always available. Unless the agreement requests a strategic move outside the company’s charter or contains unfavorable terms, RMG recommends that shareholders support the proposal.
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Compensation Plans
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Disclosure on compensation in many markets is still not as extensive as U.S.-style disclosure. However, compensation plans are becoming more common on meeting agendas of non-U.S. companies, and the structures of these plans are of vital interest to shareholders. When given the opportunity to review these structures, RMG supports plans that motivate participants to focus on long-term shareholder value and returns, encourage employee stock ownership, and more closely align employee interests with those of shareholders.
For many years, RMG has employed a complex compensation model methodology for evaluating compensation proposals in the United States and Canada, but this has only been possible because of the extensive disclosure provided in these markets’ proxy circulars. This degree of disclosure is a reflection of strict regulatory requirements, investor concern and activity, and corporate governance sophistication.
Beyond the problems presented by limited disclosure, local conditions and traditions in particular countries also hinder the creation of a comprehensive compensation evaluation procedure. Standard market practice in one country may be illegal activity in another. Some countries establish numerical limits on the number of shares available under their plans, while others have percentage limits that apply over a specific length of time. Holding all global companies to the strict standards of the United States, for example, could result in recommendations against almost every compensation plan in many countries. Conversely, making too many allowances for local practices may only encourage poor governance standards over the long term.
RMG reviews three main types of compensation plans: stock option plans, incentive plans, and share purchase plans. Also included in this section are grants outside of plans. RMG analyzes plans by calculating the potential dilution under a company’s share plans and by analyzing plan features.
Stock Option Plans
Stock option plans grant participants an option to buy company shares at a set price (the exercise price). Shares are usually granted at market prices and may be exercised when the company’s share price reaches the exercise price. Participants may then purchase the promised shares at the strike price and may later sell the shares after their purchase (or after a defined holding period when the shares may not be sold).
When evaluating stock option plans, RMG’s first hurdle is obtaining information regarding the key terms of the plan. Ideally, we would like to see the full text of the plan, or a summary of the plan’s key terms, with information on the plan’s dilution, exercise price/presence of discounts, administration and participation, types of awards used, vesting provisions, and performance criteria. However, in many markets, especially where companies are only beginning to introduce stock-based compensation, information on key plan terms can be quite limited. RMG generally supports efforts to more closely align executive pay with shareholder interests, and generally encourages companies to improve their compensation disclosure practices. However, until disclosure standards improve in these markets, RMG believes that it would be counterproductive to oppose all plans in a given country on this basis. Still, some basic parameters are necessary in order for RMG to consider supporting a compensation plan. At a minimum, RMG requires information on the maximum potential dilution of a plan and information concerning the exercise price. If a plan meets our guidelines on these two points, RMG will support the plan. For markets where certain plan information is regularly disclosed, and a company has failed to provide this information to shareholders, RMG will vote against the plan on the basis of substandard disclosure.
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Among the criteria that RMG examines in evaluating stock option plans are the following, generally organized from criteria of greater importance to criteria of lesser importance:
Shares Reserved for Issuance of Options Under the Plan
The maximum number of shares RMG approves under a plan depends on the classification of a company’s stage of development as growth or mature. Growth companies are usually smaller, in new industries requiring significant research and development, and have restricted cash flows. A company in an established industry but expanding rapidly, or a mature company that is experiencing an extended period of rapid expansion, may also be classified as growth. Mature companies are characterized by stable sales and revenue growth, production efficiencies resulting from volume gains, and strong cash flow resulting from developed products in the payoff stage.
For mature companies, shares available under stock option plans should be no more than 5 percent of the issued capital at the time of approval under all plans. For growth companies, shares available should be no more than 10 percent of the issued capital at the time of approval under all plans. However, RMG will support plans at mature companies with dilution levels of up to 10 percent if the plan includes other positive features, such as challenging performance criteria or premium-priced options. These features partially offset dilution concerns, as their inclusion reduces the likelihood that options will become exercisable unless there is a clear improvement in shareholder value.
For all companies, an absolute number of shares fixed at the time of approval is ideal, but many countries do not include such a limit. In these cases, revolving limits (a certain percentage of issued shares at any one time) of 5 percent or 10 percent are common. The practice of setting a percentage of shares issuable over a certain number of years before or after the plan is adopted appears to be a compromise between these first two methods. RMG prefers plans where the limits are sufficiently spread out, e.g., 5 percent in five years, 10 percent in ten years. Revolving limits of 10 percent in ten years should also include “flow-rate” restrictions that further limit the plan’s dilution, such as a cap of “3 percent in three years,” “2.5 percent in five years,” or “1 percent in one year.”
Exercise Price
RMG prefers that options be priced at not less than 100 percent of the shares’ fair market value on the date of grant. Usually this is taken as the closing price of the company’s shares on the day prior to the date of grant. Some countries determine fair market value as an average of the trading price for the five days prior to the date of grant. This is a common and acceptable practice. Some emerging market countries use a 30-day average or longer to determine fair market value; these resolutions must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although provisions of longer than 30 days increase the possibility of discounted options.
Discounted Options, Restricted Stock, and Stock Grants
Many countries allow for options to be granted at a discount to market prices. RMG evaluates restricted stock, which is essentially a deeply discounted option often with mandatory vesting provisions, in the same manner as a discounted option. Restricted stock, which is generally offered at a 100-percent discount and vests in three to five years, is most often seen in the United States, but it is becoming increasingly popular in other jurisdictions. Stock grants are another type of discounted award in which company shares may be granted outright to recipients with no payment required for the receipt of shares. In the absence of performance criteria (see below), RMG opposes grants of discounted options, including restricted stock. Absent performance criteria or vesting provisions, holders of discounted options or restricted stock have an incentive to cash in their grants for an immediate return rather than hold on to their options for future gains, thereby reducing or eliminating the incentive value of such awards. RMG generally opposes stock grants as their incentive value is dubious.
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In very rare cases, RMG may consider supporting a plan that includes discounted options, including restricted stock, if the company has attached challenging performance criteria to the options, including price hurdles. Performance-based vesting provisions require tangible improvements in the company’s financial performance or share price before the discounted options or restricted shares can be exercised. Performance criteria are evaluated by reference to both the company’s country of incorporation and industry. Recipients of discounted options and restricted shares are required to tender less consideration, if any, to exercise their awards than recipients of market-priced options are required to tender; as a result, the former type of awards are more costly to shareholders from an economic perspective. However, the higher performance threshold imposed by suitably challenging performance criteria may mitigate the higher economic costs.
In general, RMG does not believe that vesting provisions, however stringent, sufficiently mitigate the excessive cost of discounted awards, but with respect to the use of restricted stock in U.S.-style stock option plans seen in global markets, RMG recognizes that restricted stock is a common feature of these plans, that often these awards represent only a small portion (usually significantly below 1 percent) of a company’s outstanding share capital, and that performance criteria are not common in U.S.-style plans. As a result, RMG believes that it would be counterproductive to oppose all such plans solely on the inclusion of restricted stock. However, RMG would only approve of plans that set out strict limits on such grants, include stringent vesting provisions, sufficiently challenging performance criteria, and that meet our guidelines in all other aspects.
Plan Administration
RMG opposes allowing the administering committee to grant options to itself due to the potential for abuse and conflicts of interest. Administration of plans should be in the hands of directors who are unable to participate in the plan. Plans administered by the full board should not allow voting by executive directors; plans administered by remuneration committees should be composed entirely of independent directors. Plans that allow non-executive directors to participate should not give them any discretion on individual grants; instead, an automatic system of grants should be introduced with fixed annual grants at market prices on a fixed date. Alternatively, RMG approves of separate non-executive director option plans with independent administration if the number of shares reserved for such plans is limited. Shares reserved for director plans, when combined with shares reserved for all of the company’s stock option plans should not exceed RMG’s aggregate dilution limits. In addition, shares reserved over the life of such a plan should not exceed 1 percent of a company’s outstanding share capital for mature companies and 1.6 percent for growth-oriented companies for a five-year plan. Shares reserved for non-executive director option grants in any one year should not exceed 0.2 percent for mature companies and 0.3 percent for growth companies.
Eligibility and Participation
RMG prefers separate plans for employees, directors, and non-executive directors, but most plans include all or some combination of these categories of participants. Other global plans distinguish between full-time and part-time employees or establish a set length of service to the company (usually one year) before options may be granted. Most plans allow the administrating committee to select plan participants.
Performance Criteria and Vesting Provisions
Performance criteria and vesting provisions are important considerations when evaluating a compensation plan, and the existence of long vesting provisions and realistic performance criteria may compensate for minor shortcomings in a plan. If a plan falls just beyond one of the above guidelines but has both performance criteria and vesting provisions, support may be justified. RMG prefers a minimum three-year vesting period. The ultimate goal of share option plans is to tie executive and employee remuneration to company performance and to give key employees and executives incentive to stay with the firm. We favor the inclusion of performance targets and graduated vesting schedules because awards that are contingent upon sustained and measurable improvements are more likely to fulfill their purpose of truly providing incentive. However, if a plan meets all
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other aspects of RMG’s guidelines, these two criteria are not mandatory, unless the inclusion of such provisions are standard in the company’s country of incorporation and a company has failed to include them.
Other Features Specific to Option Plans
Issue Terms
Some countries require optionees to pay a nominal fee (often equivalent to $0.01) for every option received. This is common and acceptable, although many companies that once enforced this provision are now deleting it from the rules of their plans.
Option Repricing
Some plans include specific provisions allowing for the repricing of options at the board’s discretion. RMG opposes plans that include option repricing when the exercise price is reduced in response to a dropping share price. Repricing outstanding options reduces the incentive that options provide to raise the share price for shareholders.
Financial Assistance
Some plans offer participants loans to pay the full exercise price on their options. If loans are part of a company’s option plan, RMG prefers that loans be made to employees as part of a broad-based, company-wide plan to encourage ownership rather than being given only to executive directors. RMG also prefers loans with interest set at market rates that must be paid back in full over a reasonable length of time. The absence of these features does not necessary warrant a recommendation against an option plan, but they are taken into consideration in RMG’s analysis of the plan.
Plans for International Employees
Many overseas companies introduce separate plans or delegate a special section of their option plan to deal with tax considerations raised by having a large number of employees working in other countries. Many of these plans contain provisions that deal directly with particular U.S. tax code provisions on stock options. RMG applies the same criteria to these plans as to country-specific plans.
Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock appreciation rights (SARs) allow participants to receive the difference between the exercise price and the market price at the date of exercise. Many companies use SARs in lieu of regular options. While SARs do not result in the dilution associated with large option exercises, there is little difference between a SAR and a regular option from a shareholder perspective because the financial cost to the company is the same. However, SARs do not encourage stock ownership by participants because they involve no purchase or sale of company stock. RMG reviews SARs in the context of the option plan under which they are issued.
Phantom Stock Option Plans
Phantom stock options offer participants cash bonuses based on the increase in share price during a set period of time. Phantom plans are distinct from SARs in that they often form their own separate plan. Some companies will create a phantom stock option plan to award employees who reside in countries that do not allow stock-based compensation. Participants are designated a set number of hypothetical (phantom) shares, on which the award is based. While RMG prefers compensation plans that encourage employee ownership, SARs and phantom options are an effective way to provide incentive.
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Superoptions
Superoptions exceed the limits in a particular country for the value of options granted to any one individual, although they are usually tied to significantly more restrictive vesting provisions and performance criteria. U.K. superoptions, for example, exceed the Association of British Insurers’ recommended limit that options represent no more than one times a participant’s salary in any year, yet the stricter performance criteria and longer vesting periods usually mitigate excessive grants. Additionally, dilution resulting from superoptions has historically been fairly moderate. Superoptions appear most often in advanced markets with developed stock option plans.
Dividends Under Option and Dividend Equivalent Payment Provisions
Most holders of stock options do not receive dividend payments. However, some option plans allow participants to receive dividends or dividend equivalent payments prior to the exercise of options. RMG believes that any economic benefit derived from option plans should occur at the time of exercise.
Using Repurchased Shares in Share Compensation Plans
In many countries, companies purchase shares on the market for use in their compensation plans. In some cases, using repurchased shares is more efficient than issuing new shares to participants on exercise. RMG also recognizes the benefits to existing shareholders when repurchased shares are used to fund option grants, as dilution to their interests is minimized. However, although there is no cost to shareholders in terms of dilution of their voting interests (“voting dilution”), buybacks still represent a real cost to the company and shareholders (“economic dilution”). As a result, if a company wants to use repurchased shares in its compensation plans, RMG will include repurchased shares in its dilution calculation and apply the same dilution thresholds as for newly issued shares (see above under “Shares Reserved for Issuance of Options under the Plan”) .
RMG recommends that shareholders support a plan if it includes a specified limit on the total number of shares that could be used and if repurchased shares would count toward that limit, as long as it meets all other guidelines. However, RMG looks for an additional limitation, either an aggregate numerical limit, a percentage limit, or limitations on individual awards, when repurchased shares do not count toward the plan’s limit on newly issued shares, but rather operate as an additional pool of shares.
Incentive Plans
Share incentive plans tie key employees’ compensation more directly to company performance. Though most popular in the United Kingdom, incentive plans are becoming increasingly popular across the globe. Incentive plans provide participants with free grants of company shares (or, less frequently, cash grants) in proportion with prearranged performance criteria-often earnings per share measured against inflation or total shareholder return. These indicators are frequently compared with those of other firms in the company’s industry or stock market index, creating a benchmark and a further determinant of the number of shares granted to a particular participant. Proponents of incentive plans note that they offer shareholders the potential for less dilution and that they more directly encourage participants to focus on long-term company performance through strict performance criteria tied to more than just share price movements.
Most incentive plans are organized with strict vesting provisions, where participants may not receive the share awards until after a period of three years or more. Many plans also grant a percentage of the total amount reserved for each participant on a sliding scale measured against performance criteria. Performance criteria targets that have been satisfied only to a certain point may represent disbursement of 25 percent of the shares or cash to a participant, while 100-percent satisfaction may represent the full allotment of the grant. From a shareholder perspective, this graduated system of performance criteria is a major advance.
Evaluation of incentive plans is similar to that of option plans in that acceptable dilution and impartial administration and eligibility remain key factors for a positive recommendation. Insufficient performance criteria or abbreviated vesting provisions are deciding factors as well.
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Employee Stock Purchase Plans and Savings-Related Share Option Schemes
Employee stock purchase plans and savings-related share option schemes (together, ESPPs) provide employees an opportunity to purchase stock in their company, often at a discount to market prices. Plans may operate via monthly deductions from employees’ paychecks, gathered and held for safekeeping by a trust or bank, and used to purchase company stock on behalf of the employee. ESPPs can lead to greater commitment from employees, provide performance incentives, and provide all employees the opportunity to share in the company’s growth.
ESPPs differ from stock option plans in that in an ESPP, all eligible participants have the option to participate in the plan and may choose how much they wish to contribute to the plan, whereas in a stock option plan, the administering committee chooses who actually participates in the plan, that is, receives options under the plan. RMG recommends approval for many of these plans because they encourage wide share ownership in the company among employees. When analyzing ESPPs for global companies, RMG considers the following factors:
Eligibility
This is an important factor when considering ESPPs proposed by global companies. For a plan to qualify as an ESPP, all full-time employees who have been with the company for a reasonable amount of time (some plans also allow for participation by part-time employees) must be eligible to participate in the plan, and more important, eligible participants must have the ability to determine whether they will participate and to what extent they will participate, subject to certain limits, as discussed below.
Dilution
Many markets, such as the United States, Canada, Ireland, and certain tax haven markets, differentiate between shares reserved for ESPPs and shares reserved for stock option plans. In these markets it is our practice to have separate dilution limits (a) for shares reserved for ESPPs, and (b) shares reserved for stock option plans. Other markets, notably the United Kingdom, do not reserve separate pools of shares for ESPPs and option plans, therefore we cannot make such distinctions.
For those markets that reserve a separate pool of shares for ESPPs, RMG policy is to exclude such shares from our dilution calculations for stock option plans. However, RMG policy provides that no more than 10 percent of a company’s shares may be reserved for ESPPs at any given time, with such 10 percent being over and above the company’s limit (either 5 or 10 percent) reserved for option plans, as long as discounts do not exceed 15 percent. Accordingly, a company could have up to 10 percent of its shares reserved for option plans and 10 percent of its shares reserved for ESPPs at any given time. If market practice dictates a larger discount under the ESPPs, the allowable dilution will be adjusted downward proportionately. For example, if a company is allowed to offer discounts of 30 percent, the allowable dilution will be 5 percent. Allowable dilution on discounts between 15 percent and 30 percent will be determined on a pro rata basis. Alternatively, RMG would consider a higher dilution limit for ESPPs if the company in question sufficiently limited dilution under its option plans.
For those markets that reserve a common pool of shares for ESPPs and stock option plans, RMG policy is to evaluate the dilution under the common pool of shares in accordance with the dilution limitations applicable to stock option plans.
Offering Period and Offering Price
The offering period, also known as the purchase period, is the time period over which a participant’s contributions are accumulated for the purchase of shares under the plan. The offering price is the company’s share price taken on a specific date, less the applicable discount, at which a participant’s accumulated payroll deductions are used to purchase shares. Both the offering period and the offering price are country- and
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plan-specific. For example, ESPPs that are intended to comply with Section 423 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (Section 423 Plans) and therefore qualify for favorable tax treatment may not have an offering period in excess of 27 months. Section 423 Plans, however, almost always provide for an “either/or” offering price, which provides participants the right to purchase shares at the lesser of the fair market value of that company’s shares, less the applicable discount, as of either the first or last day of the offering period. In contrast, plans in the United Kingdom and Ireland generally have a three-, five-, or even seven-year offering period, and the offering price is the fair market value on the date an employee commences participation in the plan.
RMG’s assessment of a plan takes into account the length of the offering period and the date on which the offering price is determined. If the plan has an “either/or” feature, a shorter offering period is in the interests of shareholders because such provisions reduce the market risk associated with the plan. The maximum offering period for plans with such a feature is 27 months. In contrast, if the offering price is based on the price of the company’s shares on the date plan participation commences, then a longer offering period is generally in the interests of shareholders, as it should more effectively focus the efforts of plan participants on increasing shareholder value. In these cases, the minimum offering period is three years.
Discounts
These are generally country-specific, e.g. the maximum discount under a Section 423 Plan is 15 percent. In the United Kingdom the maximum discount is 20 percent, and in Ireland it is 25 percent. The amount of the discount is often obscured because some plans do not provide for a discount per se, but rather provide that participants will receive matching shares. This practice is common in Canada. For instance, a plan may stipulate that for every two shares a participant purchases under a plan, the company will provide one “matching share” to the participant; in effect the participant receives three shares for the price of two, which is mathematically equivalent to a 33-percent discount. If a plan employs matching shares, the analyst must simply calculate the imputed discount using the maximum match.
In reviewing discounts, RMG takes into consideration the offering period and offering price. Because plans with “either/or” provisions reduce the market risk associated with plan purchases, we believe the maximum discount available under such plans should be 15 percent. However, RMG guidelines allow for greater discounts, up to 25 percent, for plans in which the offering price is based on the company’s share price on the date participation commences.
Limits on the Number or Value of Shares Purchasable (Participation Limits)
ESPPs must specify a limit on the number or value of shares each participant is eligible to purchase, for Section 423 Plans it is US$25,000 per year, in the United Kingdom and Ireland it is GBP 3,000 and IRP 3,000, respectively. Because the shares are discounted, there must be some limit on the ability of eligible employees to participate to prevent excessive dilution. This also limits the ability of executives to buy, via the plan, large amounts of discounted shares. Ideally, there should be a plan feature prohibiting employees who are large shareholders (5 percent in Section 423 Plans) from participating.
Loan Terms
Some plans offer participants loans to pay for the shares. If loans are part of a share purchase plan, RMG prefers that loans be made to employees as part of a broad-based, company-wide plan to encourage ownership rather than being given only to executive directors. RMG also prefers loans with interest set at market rates that must be paid back in full over a reasonable length of time. The absence of these features does not necessarily warrant a recommendation against a share purchase plan, but they are taken into consideration in RMG’s analysis of the plan.
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Grants Outside of Plans
Resolutions asking shareholders to approve specific grants of shares or cash outside of established plans are problematic. Some companies prefer not to adopt formal share plans, instead asking shareholders to approve yearly grants to specific employees. RMG prefers that companies make such grants in the context of an established plan.
RMG’s primary concern with grants outside of plans is the level of dilution they afford. The number of shares issued as part of the grants, when combined with the number of shares reserved for the company’s other share plans, must fall within acceptable dilution limits. Vesting provisions and performance criteria are also important and are evaluated on the same basis as if the grants were part of a formal plan.
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2010 International Voting-Policy Manual
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.
Discussion
Common antitakeover mechanisms include staggered boards, supervoting shares, poison pills, unlimited authorized capital authorizations (including blank check preferred stock), and golden shares. Some of these restrictions are aimed solely at limiting share ownership by foreign or unwanted minority shareholders, and others are designed to preclude an unwanted takeover of the target company by any party. RMG opposes all forms of such mechanisms, as they limit shareholder value by eliminating the takeover or control premium for the company. As owners of the company, shareholders should be given the opportunity to decide on the merits of takeover offers.
Golden Shares
Recently privatized companies around the world often include in their share structure a golden share held by their respective governments. These shares often carry special voting rights or the power of automatic veto over specific proposals. Golden shares are most common among former state-owned companies or politically sensitive industries such as utilities, railways, and airlines. While the introduction of golden shares is not a desirable governance practice, RMG recognizes the political importance certain companies hold for governments and treats the introduction or amendment of government shares on a case-by-case basis.
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Supermajority vote requirements violate the principle that a simple majority of voting shares should be all that is necessary to effect change regarding a company and its corporate governance provisions. Requiring more than this may permit management to entrench themselves by blocking provisions that are in the best interest of shareholders. However, in many world markets, supermajority vote requirements for special resolutions or EGMs are the norm, either two-thirds or three-fourths of shares voting at the meeting (either in person or by proxy). When reviewing proposals to introduce supermajority vote requirements, RMG takes into account market norms, the company’s reasons for the change, and the company’s ownership structure.
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2010 International Voting-Policy Manual
RMG General Recommendation & Policy
Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.
Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.
Discussion
RMG reviews all shareholder proposals to ascertain whether the proposal is beneficial or detrimental to shareholder value. Most resolutions fall into three basic categories: corporate governance, social, and environmental. While shareholder proposals in most countries are not as prevalent as they are in the United States, they are becoming more common, and standards for reviewing the various types of proposals are necessary.
Corporate Governance Proposals
Corporate governance-related proposals must be evaluated carefully because any changes can dramatically affect shareholder value. Support for such proposals must be measured against the likely impact that approval would have on the company’s operations. If a measure would improve disclosure of company activities in non-strategic areas and at minimal costs, RMG supports the proposal. If a proposal seeks to improve the company’s corporate governance structure, such as adopting board committees, eliminating staggered board structures, or canceling antitakeover instruments, approval is also warranted. However, if acceptance of a proposal is likely to lead to a disruption in board or management operations and to cause the company to incur significant costs without clear benefit, RMG recommends opposing the proposal.
Social and Environmental Proposals
In evaluating social and environmental proposals, RMG first determines whether or not the issue in question should be addressed on a company-specific basis. Many social and environmental issues are beyond the scope of any one company and are more properly the province of government and broader regulatory action. If this is the case, RMG recommends voting against the proposal.
Most proposals of this type require shareholders to apply subjective criteria in making their voting decision. While broader issues are of concern to everyone, institutional shareholders acting as representatives of their beneficiaries are required to consider only the ultimate interests of their direct beneficiaries. Relating the interests of their beneficiaries to the greater good can be a difficult process and a matter for individual determination. For this reason, RMG focuses on the financial aspects of social and environmental proposals. If a proposal would have a negative impact on the company’s financial position or adversely affect important operations, RMG recommends opposing the resolution. Conversely, if a proposal would have a clear and beneficial impact on the company’s finances or operations, RMG recommends supporting the proposal.
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2010 Taft-Hartley U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines
January 2010
Copyright © 2010 by RiskMetrics Group.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing Department, One Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a trademark used herein under license.
Risk Management | RiskMetrics Labs | ISS Governance Services | Financial Research & Analysis
www.riskmetrics.com
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Failure to Act on Shareholder Proposals Receiving Majority Support | B-159 | |||
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Majority Threshold Voting Requirement for Director Elections | B-160 | |||
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Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay) Shareholder Proposals | B-169 | |||
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Compensation Consultants — Disclosure of Board or Company’s Utilization | B-170 | |||
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Amendments to Increase Shares and Retain Tax Deductions Under OBRA | B-171 | |||
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TAFT-HARTLEY ADVISORY SERVICES
PROXY VOTING POLICY STATEMENT AND GUIDELINES
This statement sets forth the proxy voting policy of RiskMetrics’ Taft-Hartley Advisory Services. The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) has stated that the fiduciary act of managing plan assets that are shares of corporate stock includes the voting of proxies appurtenant to those shares of stock and that trustees may delegate this duty to an investment manager. ERISA section 3(38) defines an investment manager as any fiduciary who is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisor Act of 1940. RiskMetrics is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisor Act of 1940.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote the proxies of its clients solely in the interest of their participants and beneficiaries and for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to them. The interests of participants and beneficiaries will not be subordinated to unrelated objectives. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall act with the care, skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims. When proxies due to Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ clients have not been received, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will make reasonable efforts to obtain missing proxies. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is not responsible for voting proxies it does not receive.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall analyze each proxy on a case-by-case basis, informed by the guidelines elaborated below, subject to the requirement that all votes shall be cast solely in the long-term interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plans. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services does not intend for these guidelines to be exhaustive. Hundreds of issues appear on proxy ballots every year, and it is neither practical nor productive to fashion voting guidelines and policies which attempt to address every eventuality. Rather, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ guidelines are intended to cover the most significant and frequent proxy issues that arise. Issues not covered by the guidelines shall be voted in the interest of plan participants and beneficiaries of the plan based on a worker-owner view of long-term corporate value. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall revise its guidelines as events warrant and will remain in full conformity with the AFL-CIO proxy voting policy.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall report annually to its clients on proxy votes cast on their behalf. These proxy voting reports will demonstrate Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ compliance with its responsibilities and will facilitate clients’ monitoring of Taft-Hartley Advisory Services. A copy of this Proxy Voting Policy Statement and Guidelines is provided to each client at the time Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is retained. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall provide its clients with revised copies of this proxy voting policy statement and guidelines whenever significant revisions have been made.
Electing directors is the single most important stock ownership right that shareholders can exercise. By electing directors who share their views, shareholders can help to define performance standards against which management can be held accountable. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services holds directors to a high standard when voting on their election, qualifications, and compensation. We evaluate directors fairly and objectively, rewarding them for significant contributions and holding them ultimately accountable to shareholders for corporate performance. Institutional investors should use their voting rights in uncontested elections to influence financial performance and corporate strategies for achieving long term shareholder value.
Director accountability, independence and competence have become issues of prime importance to investors given the failings in oversight exposed by the global financial crisis. There is also concern over the environment in the boardrooms of certain markets, where past failures appear to be no impediment to continued or new appointments at major companies and may not be part of the evaluation process at companies in considering whether an individual is, or continues to be, fit for the role and best able to serve shareholder’s interests.
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Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Votes concerning the entire board of directors and members of key board committees are examined using the following five factors:
• | Lack of independence of the full board and key board committees (fully independent audit, compensation, and nominating committees); |
• | Performance of the board and key board committees (flagrant actions by management or the board, excessive risk-taking, problematic governance provisions, egregious compensation practices, poor accounting practices, imprudent use of corporate assets, etc.); |
• | Failure of the board to properly respond to high withhold/against votes or majority votes on shareholder proposals; |
• | Poor long-term corporate performance record relative to peers, S&P 500 or Russell 3000 Indices; |
• | Diversity of board. |
Votes on individual director nominees are always made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Specific director nominee WITHHOLD/AGAINST1 votes can be triggered by one or more of the following factors:
• | Lack of a board that is at least two-thirds (67 percent) independent — i.e. where the composition of non-independent board members is in excess of 33 percent of the entire board; |
• | Attendance of director nominees at board meetings of less than 75 percent in one year without valid reason or explanation; |
• | Lack of independence on key board committees (i.e. audit, compensation, and nominating committees); |
• | Failure to establish any key board committees (i.e. audit, compensation, or nominating); |
• | Directors serving on an excessive number of other boards which could compromise their primary duties of care and loyalty; |
• | Chapter 7 bankruptcy, Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) violations or fines, and criminal investigations by the Department of Justice (DOJ), Government Accounting Office (GAO) or any other federal agency; |
• | Performance of compensation committee members and/or the entire board in relation to the approval of egregious or excessive executive compensation (including perquisites and cash and equity awards); |
• | Performance of audit committee members concerning the approval of excessive non-audit fees, material weaknesses, and/or the lack of auditor ratification upon the proxy ballot; |
• | If at the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the underlying issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote; |
• | The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders tendered their shares; |
• | The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers; |
• | If the company has a classified board and a continuing director is responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote, in addition |
1 | In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “Withhold” as the valid contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company. |
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to potential future withhold/against votes on that director, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may vote against or withhold votes from any or all of the nominees up for election, with the exception of new nominees; |
• | The presence of problematic governance issues including interlocking directorships, multiple related-party transactions or other issues putting director independence at risk; |
• | Inadequate CEO succession planning, including the absence of an emergency and non-emergency/orderly CEO succession plan; |
• | Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company, failure to replace management as appropriate, egregious actions related to the director(s)’ service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company. |
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from the members of the Audit Committee when:
• | Consulting (i.e. non-audit) fees paid to the auditor are excessive; |
• | Auditor ratification is not included on the proxy ballot; |
• | The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; |
• | There is evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm; or |
• | Poor accounting practices such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures, exist. Poor accounting practices may warrant voting against or withholding votes from the full board. |
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from the members of the Compensation Committee when:
• | There is a negative correlation or disconnect between the CEO’s pay and company performance; |
• | The company implements a repricing or an option exchange program, by buying out underwater options for stock, cash or other consideration or canceling underwater options and regranting options with a lower exercise price, without prior shareholder approval, even if such repricings are allowed in its equity plans; |
• | The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote; |
• | The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment they made to shareholders; |
• | The company has backdated options (see Options Backdating policy); |
• | There is evidence that management/board members are using company stock in hedging activities |
• | The company has problematic compensation practices such as the provision of excise tax gross-ups, single and modified single trigger provisions, liberal change in control definitions, excessive executive perks and tax gross-ups on executive perks, excessive executive pay or disproportionately high compensation payouts tied to short-term financial results, etc. (see Probematic Pay Practices policy). |
Problematic pay practices may warrant voting against or withholding votes from the entire board.
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Contested elections of directors frequently occur when a board candidate or “dissident slate” seeks election for the purpose of achieving a significant change in corporate policy or control of seats on the board. Competing slates will be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis with a number of considerations in mind. These include, but
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are not limited to, the following: personal qualifications of each candidate; the economic impact of the policies advanced by the dissident slate of nominees; and their expressed and demonstrated commitment to the interests of the shareholders of the company. Votes in a contested election of directors are evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis with the following seven factors in consideration:
• | Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry; |
• | Management’s track record; |
• | Background to the proxy contest; |
• | Qualifications of director nominees (both slates); |
• | Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management; |
• | Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); |
• | Stock ownership positions. |
Board independence from management is of vital importance to a company and its shareholders. Accordingly, we believe votes should be cast in a manner that will encourage the independence of boards. Independence will be evaluated based upon a number of factors, including: employment by the company or an affiliate in an executive capacity; past or current employment by a firm that is one of the company’s paid advisors or consultants; personal services contract with the company; family relationships of an executive or director of the company; interlocks with other companies on which the company’s chairman or chief executive officer is also a board member; and service with a non-profit that receives significant contributions from the company.
• | Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from non-independent director nominees (insiders and affiliated outsiders) where the entire board is not at least two-thirds (67 percent) independent; |
• | Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from non-independent director nominees (insiders and affiliated outsiders) when the nominating, compensation and audit committees are not fully independent; |
• | Generally consider independent board members who have been on the board continually for a period longer than 10 years as affiliated outsiders; |
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that all key board committees (i.e. audit, compensation and/or nominating) include independent directors exclusively; |
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the board be comprised of a two-thirds majority of independent directors. |
Two major components at the top of every public company are the running of the board and the executive responsibility for the running of the company’s business. Many institutional investors believe there should be a clear division of responsibilities at the head of the company that will ensure a balance of power and authority, such that no one individual has unfettered powers of decision. When there is no clear division between the executive and board branches of a company, poor executive and/or board actions often go unchecked to the ultimate detriment of shareholders. Since executive compensation is so heavily correlated to the managerial power relationship in the boardroom, the separation of the CEO and chairman positions is a critical step in curtailing excessive pay, which ultimately can become a drain on shareholder value.
Arguments have been made that a smaller company and its shareholders can benefit from the full-time attention of a joint chairman and CEO. This may be so in select cases, and indeed, using a case-by-case review of
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circumstances there may be worthy exceptions. But, even in these cases, it is the general view of many institutions that a person should only serve in the position of joint CEO and chairman on a temporary basis, and that these positions should be separated following their provisional combination.
We strongly believe that the potential for conflicts of interest in the board’s supervisory and oversight duties trumps any possible corollary benefits that could ensue from a dual CEO/chairman scenario. Instead of having an ingrained quid pro quo situation whereby a company has a single leader overseeing both management and the boardroom, Taft-Hartley fiduciaries believe that it is the board’s implicit duty to assume an impartial and objective role in overseeing the executive team’s overall performance. Shareholders interests are placed in jeopardy if the CEO of a company is required to report to a board that she/he also chairs.
Inherent in the chairman’s job description is the duty to assess the CEO’s performance. This objectivity is obviously compromised when a chairman is in charge of evaluating her/his own performance or has a past or present affiliation with management. Moreover, the unification of chairman and CEO poses a direct threat to the smooth functioning of the entire board process since it is the ultimate responsibility of the chairman to set the agenda, facilitate discussion, and make sure that directors are given complete access to information in order to make informed decisions.
• | Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from any non-independent director who serves as board chairman; |
• | Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from a CEO who is also serving in the role of chairman at the same company; |
• | Generally support shareholder proposals calling for the separation of the CEO and chairman positions; |
• | Generally support shareholder proposals calling for a non-executive director to serve as chairman who is not a former CEO or senior-level executive of the company. |
As new regulations mandate that directors be more engaged and vigilant in protecting shareholder interests or else risk civil and/or criminal sanctions, board members are having to devote more time and effort to their oversight duties which, on average, were estimated to run to 280 hours per year, per board in 2005. Recent surveys of U.S. directors also confirm a desire for limiting board memberships, to between three and five seats. In view of the increased demands placed on corporate board members, Taft-Hartley fiduciaries believe that directors who are overextended may be impairing their ability to serve as effective representatives of shareholders. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against or withhold from directors serving on an excessive number of other boards, which could compromise their primary duties of care and loyalty.
• | Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from directors serving on an excessive number of boards. As a general rule, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from director nominees who are: |
• | CEOs of publicly traded companies who serve on more than two public boards (i.e. more than one public boards other than their own board). NOTE: Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against or withhold from overboarded CEO directors only at their outside directorships and not at the company in which they presently serve as CEO); and |
• | Non-CEO directors who serve on more than five public company boards. |
Performance/Governance Evaluation for Directors
Many institutional investors believe long-term financial performance and the appropriateness of governance practices should be taken into consideration when determining vote recommendations with regard to directors in uncontested elections. When evaluating whether to vote against or withhold votes from director nominees, we
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will evaluate underperforming companies that exhibit sustained poor performance as measured by one- and three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). For companies outside the Russell 3000 universe, a company will be considered to have exhibited sustained poor performance if it underperforms its peers or index on the basis of both one-year and three-year total shareholder returns.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services views deficient oversight mechanisms and the lack of board accountability to shareholders especially in the context of sustained poor performance, as problematic. As part of our framework for assessing director performance, we will also evaluate board accountability and oversight at companies that demonstrate sustained underperformance. A governance structure that discourages director accountability may lead to board and management entrenchment. For example, the existence of several anti-takeover provisions* has the cumulative effect of deterring legitimate tender offers, mergers, and corporate transactions that may have ultimately proved beneficial to shareholders. When a company maintains entrenchment devices, shareholders of poorly performing companies are left with few effective routes to beneficial change.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will assess the company’s response to the ongoing performance issues, and consider recent board and management changes, board independence, overall governance practices, and other factors that may have an impact on shareholders. If a company exhibits sustained poor performance coupled with a lack of board accountability and oversight, we may also consider the company’s five-year total shareholder return and five-year operational metrics in our evaluation.
*Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:
• | a classified board structure; o a supermajority vote requirement; |
• | majority voting with no carve out for contested elections; |
• | the inability for shareholders to call special meetings; |
• | the inability for shareholders to act by written consent; |
• | a dual-class structure; and/or |
• | a non-shareholder approved poison pill. |
Vote AGAINST/WITHHOLD votes from all director nominees if the board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one- and three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Sustained poor performance for companies outside the Russell 3000 universe, is defined as underperforming peers or index on the basis of both one-year and three-year total shareholder returns.
Gender and ethnic diversity are important components on a company’s board. Diversity brings different perspectives to a board that in turn leads to a more varied approach to board issues. Taft-Hartley fiduciaries believe that increasing diversity in the boardroom to better reflect a company’s workforce, customers, and community enhances shareholder value.
• | Support proposals asking the board to make greater efforts to search for qualified female and minority candidates for nomination to the board of directors; |
• | Support endorsement of a policy of board inclusiveness; |
• | Support reporting to shareholders on a company’s efforts to increase diversity on their boards. |
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Corporate directors should own some amount of stock of the companies on which they serve as board members. Stock ownership is a simple method to align the interests of directors with company shareholders. Nevertheless, many highly qualified individuals such as academics and clergy who can offer valuable perspectives in boardrooms may be unable to purchase individual shares of stock. In such a circumstance, the preferred solution is to look at the board nominees individually and take stock ownership into consideration when voting on the merits of each candidate.
• | Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring directors to own a minimum amount of company stock in order to qualify as a director nominee or to remain on the board. |
Classified Boards — Annual Elections
The ability to elect directors is the single most important use of the shareholder franchise, and all directors should be accountable on an annual basis. Annually elected boards provide the best governance system for accountability to shareholders. A classified board is a board that is divided into separate classes, with directors serving overlapping terms. A company with a classified board usually divides the board into three classes. Under this system, only one class of nominees comes up to shareholder vote at the AGM each year.
As a consequence of these staggered terms, shareholders only have the opportunity to vote on a single director approximately once every three years. A classified board makes it difficult to change control of the board through a proxy contest since it would normally take two years to gain control of a majority of board seats. Under a classified board, the possibility of management entrenchment greatly increases. Classified boards can reduce director accountability by shielding directors, at least for a certain period of time, from the consequences of their actions. Continuing directors who are responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level would avoid shareholders’ reactions to their actions because they would not be up for election in that year. Ultimately, in these cases, the full board should be responsible for the actions of its directors.
Many in management believe that staggered boards provide continuity. Some shareholders believe that in certain cases a staggered board can provide consistency and continuity in regard to decision-making and commitment that may be important to the long-term financial future of the company. Nevertheless, empirical evidence strongly suggests that staggered boards are generally not in the shareholders’ best interest. In addition to shielding directors from being held accountable by shareholders on an annual basis, a classified board can entrench management and effectively preclude most takeover bids or proxy contests.
• | Vote AGAINST management or shareholder proposals seeking to classify the board when the issue comes up for vote; |
• | Vote FOR management or shareholder proposals to repeal a company’s classified board structure. |
• | If the company has a classified board and a continuing director is responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote, in addition to potential future withhold/against votes on that director, we may vote against or withhold votes from any or all of the nominees up for election, with the exception of new nominees. |
While there is no hard and fast rule among institutional investors as to what may be an optimal size board, there is an acceptable range that companies should strive to meet and not exceed. A board that is too large may function inefficiently. Conversely, a board that is too small may allow the CEO to exert disproportionate influence or may stretch the time requirements of individual directors too thin.
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Proposals seeking to set board size will be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Given that the preponderance of boards in the U.S. range between five and fifteen directors, many institutional investors believe this benchmark is a useful standard for evaluating such proposals.
• | Generally vote AGAINST any proposal seeking to amend the company’s board size to fewer than five seats; |
• | Generally vote AGAINST any proposal seeking to amend the company’s board size to more than fifteen seats; |
• | Evaluate board size on a CASE-BY-CASE basis and consider WITHHOLD or AGAINST votes or other action at companies that have fewer than five directors and more than 15 directors on their board. |
Those who support term limits argue that this requirement would bring new ideas and approaches on to a board. While term of office limitations can rid the board of non-performing directors over time, it can also unfairly force experienced and effective directors off the board. When evaluating shareholder proposals on director term limits, consider whether the company’s performance has been poor and whether problematic or entrenching governance provisions are in place at the company. Additionally, consider board independence, including whether the board chair is independent.
• | Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors. |
Most corporations provide that shareholders are entitled to cast one vote for each share owned. Under a cumulative voting scheme, the shareholder is permitted to have one vote per share for each director to be elected. Shareholders are permitted to apportion those votes in any manner they wish among the director candidates. Thus, under a cumulative voting scheme shareholders have the opportunity to elect a minority representative to a board by cumulating their votes, thereby ensuring minority representation for all sizes of shareholders.
For example, if there is a company with a ten-member board and 500 shares outstanding-the total number of votes that may be cast is 5,000. In this case a shareholder with 51 shares (10.2 percent of the outstanding shares) would be guaranteed one board seat because all votes may be cast for one candidate. Without cumulative voting, anyone controlling 51 percent of shares would control the election of all ten directors.
With the advent and prevalence of majority voting for director elections, shareholders now have greater flexibility in supporting candidates for a company’s board of directors. Cumulative voting and majority voting are two different voting mechanisms designed to achieve two different outcomes. While cumulative voting promotes the interests of minority shareholders by allowing them to get some representation on the board, majority voting promotes a democratic election of directors for all shareholders and ensures board accountability in uncontested elections. Though different in philosophic view, cumulative voting and majority voting can work together operationally, with companies electing to use majority voting for uncontested elections and cumulative voting for contested elections to increase accountability and ensure minority representation on the board.
In contested elections, similar to cumulative voting, proxy access allows shareholder access to the ballot without a veto from the nominating committee, but unlike cumulative voting, it also requires majority support to elect such directors.
At controlled companies, where majority insider control would preclude minority shareholders from having any representation on the board, cumulative voting would allow such representation and shareholder proposals for cumulative voting would be supported.
• | Generally vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate cumulative voting; |
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• | Generally vote FOR proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting unless: |
• | The company has proxy access or a similar structure2 to allow shareholders to nominate directors to the company’s ballot; and |
• | The company has adopted a majority vote standard, with a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats, and a director resignation policy to address failed elections. |
• | Vote FOR proposals for cumulative voting at controlled companies (where insider voting power exceeds 50%). |
Failure to Act on Shareholder Proposals Receiving Majority Support
• | Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from all director nominees at a company that has ignored a shareholder proposal that was approved by a majority of the votes cast at the last annual meeting. |
Votes Against or Withholds from Directors for Shareholder Rights Plan (i.e. Poison Pills)
Institutional investors view shareholder rights plans, or poison pills, as among the most onerous of takeover defenses that may serve to entrench management and have a detrimental impact on their long-term share value. While recognizing that boards have a fiduciary duty to use all available means to protect shareholders’ interests, as a best governance principle, boards should seek shareholder ratification of a poison pill (or an amendment thereof) within a reasonable period, to ensure that the features of the poison pill support the interests of shareholders and do not merely serve as a management entrenchment device. Boards that fail to do so should be held accountable for ultimately disregarding shareholders’ interests. In applying this principle to voting in uncontested director elections, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services considers the term of the pill an important factor, as shorter term pills are generally less onerous as a takeover defense when compared to longer term pills, and may in some cases provide the board with a valuable tool to maximize shareholder value in the event of an opportunistic offer.
Companies that unilaterally adopt a long-term pill should be subject to a more frequent review –- at least once every three years, beginning the first year following the adoption and extending until the pill has expired or been redeemed. However, we believe special consideration must be given to the combination of a poison pill and a classified board; together they create a powerful anti-takeover and entrenchment device. Instead of only reviewing such companies every 3 years, an annual review is more appropriate. Under a 3-year review, the same class of directors would be receiving against or withhold recommendations, while the other 2 classes of directors would be shielded. An annual review would hold responsible all directors of classified boards for not putting the pill to a shareholder vote.
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees of the board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis) at a company that has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand poison pill in place. Vote AGAINST/WITHHOLD every year until this feature is removed; |
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees of the board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis) if the board has adopted a poison pill with a term of more than 12 months (“long-term pill” ) or renewed any existing pill, including any “short-term” pill (12 months or less) without shareholder approval, and there is no requirement or commitment to put the pill to a binding shareholder vote. Review such companies with classified |
2 | A similar structure would be a structure that allows shareholders to nominate candidates who the company will include on the management ballot in addition to management’s nominees, and their bios are included in management’s proxy. |
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boards every year, and such companies with annually-elected boards at least once every three years, and vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees if the company still maintains a non-shareholder-approved poison pill; |
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees of the board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis) if the board makes a material, adverse change to an existing poison pill without shareholder approval; |
• | Vote CASE-By-CASE on all nominees if the board adopts a poison pill with a term of 12 months or less (“short-term pill”) without shareholder approval, taking into account the following factors: |
• | The date of the pill’s adoption relative to the date of next meeting of shareholders — i.e. whether the company had time to put the pill on ballot for shareholder ratification given the circumstances; |
• | The issuer’s rationale; |
• | The issuer’s governance structure and practices; and |
• | The issuer’s track record of accountability to shareholders. |
Shareholder Access to the Proxy (“Open Access”)
The current director election process as it exists leaves much to be desired. Companies currently nominate for election only one candidate for each board seat. Shareholders who oppose a candidate have no easy way to do so unless they are willing to undertake the considerable expense of running an independent candidate for the board. The only way for shareholders to register symbolic dissent about a certain director candidate is to simply “withhold” support from that nominee. But because directors are typically elected by a plurality (those nominees receiving the most votes win board seats), company nominees running unopposed are reelected.
• | Consider on a CASE-BY-CASE basis reasonably crafted shareholder proposals asking companies to voluntarily provide shareholders the ability to nominate director candidates to be included on management’s proxy card, taking into account the ownership threshold proposed in the resolution. Special consideration will be made at companies where there are legitimate concerns surrounding responsiveness to shareholders (such as not implementing majority-supported shareholder proposals), board and key committee independence, problematic governance and compensation practices, and past accounting or financial issues such as restatements. |
Majority Threshold Voting Requirement for Director Elections
Shareholders have expressed strong support for precatory resolutions on majority threshold voting since 2005, with a number of proposals receiving majority support from shareholders. Taft-Hartley fiduciaries believe shareholders should have a greater voice in regard to the election of directors and view majority threshold voting as a viable alternative to the current deficiencies of the plurality system in the U.S.
• | Generally support reasonably crafted shareholders proposals calling for directors to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast and/or the elimination of the plurality standard for electing directors (including binding resolutions requesting that the board amend the company’s bylaws), provided the proposal includes a carve-out for a plurality voting standard when there are more director nominees than board seats (e.g. in contested elections). |
• | Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may recommend withhold/against votes on members of the board at companies without the carve-out for plurality voting in contested elections, as the use of a majority vote standard can act as an anti-takeover defense in contested elections. (e.g. although the dissident nominees may have received more shares cast, as long as the combination of withhold/against votes and the votes for the management nominees keep the dissident nominees under 50%, the management nominees will win, due to the holdover rules). This is clearly contradicts the expressed will of shareholders. |
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• | In addition to supporting proposals seeking a majority vote standard in director elections, we also support a post-election “director resignation policy” that addresses the situation of holdover directors to accommodate both shareholder proposals and the need for stability and continuity of the board. |
Establish An Office of the Board
• | Generally vote FOR shareholders proposals requesting that the board establish an Office of the Board of Directors in order to facilitate direct communication between shareholders and non-management directors, unless the company has effectively demonstrated via public disclosure that it already has an established structure in place. |
Director and Officer Indemnification ~ Liability Protection
Management proposals typically seek shareholder approval to adopt an amendment to the company’s charter to eliminate or limit the personal liability of directors to the company and its shareholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty to the fullest extent permitted by state law. In contrast, shareholder proposals seek to provide for personal monetary liability for fiduciary breaches arising from gross negligence.
Each proposal addressing director liability will be evaluated consistent with this philosophy. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may support these proposals when the company persuasively argues that such action is necessary to attract and retain directors, but we may often oppose management proposals and support shareholder proposals in order to promote greater director accountability.
• | Vote AGAINST proposals to limit or eliminate entirely director and officer liability in regards to: (i) breach of the director’s fiduciary “duty of loyalty” to shareholders; (ii) acts or omissions not made in “good faith” or involving intentional misconduct or knowledge of violations under the law; (iii) acts involving the unlawful purchases or redemptions of stock; (iv) payment of unlawful dividends; or (v) use of the position as director for receipt of improper personal benefits. |
Indemnification is the payment by a company of the expenses of directors who become involved in litigation as a result of their service to a company. Proposals to indemnify a company’s directors differ from those to eliminate or reduce their liability because with indemnification directors may still be liable for an act or omission, but the company will bear the expense. Taft-Hartley fiduciaries may support these proposals when the company persuasively argues that such action is necessary to attract and retain directors, but will generally oppose indemnification when it is being proposed to insulate directors from actions that have already occurred.
• | Vote AGAINST indemnification proposals that would expand individual coverage beyond ordinary legal expenses to also cover specific acts of negligence which exceed the standard of mere carelessness that is regularly covered in board fiduciary indemnification; |
• | Vote FOR only those proposals which provide expanded coverage in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if: (1) the director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner that he/she reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company; and (2) only if the director’s legal expenses would be covered. |
The housing market collapse and resulting credit crisis have resulted in significant erosion of shareholder value, unprecedented levels of market volatility, and continuing lack of confidence among financial market participants. Many Taft-Hartley trustees are questioning the role of executive compensation in incentivizing inappropriate or excessive risk-taking behavior by executives that could threaten a corporation’s long-term viability. Further, generous severance packages and other payments to departing executives of failed institutions have heightened attention on the issue of pay for performance.
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Trustees of Taft-Hartley funds, which have lost significant value in their investments as a result of the financial crisis, have little patience for “pay for failure” and continue to press for the adoption of executive compensation practices aimed at creating and sustaining long-term shareholder value.
Companies have long argued that legally binding executive compensation obligations cannot be modified. The Capital Purchase Program implemented under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the “bail out” program for the U.S. financial system, set the tone for executive compensation reform and requires participating firms to accept certain limits and requirements on executive compensation, regardless of existing contractual arrangements. A number of firms have agreed to these requirements.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that executive pay programs should be fair, competitive, reasonable, and appropriate, and that pay for performance should be a central tenet in executive compensation philosophy.
Examples of best pay practices include:
Employment contracts: Companies should enter into employment contracts under limited circumstances for a short time period (e.g., new executive hires for a three-year contract) for limited executives. The contracts should not have automatic renewal feature and should have a specified termination date.
Severance agreements: Severance provisions should not be so appealing that they become an incentive for the executive to be terminated. The severance formula should be reasonable and not overly generous to the executive (e.g., use maximum severance multiple of 3X pay; use pro-rated target/average historical bonus and not maximum bonus). Failure to renew employment contract, termination under questionable events or for poor performance should not constitute “good reason” for termination with severance payments.
Change-in-control payments: Change-in-control payments should be “double-triggered” — i.e. be payouts should only made when there is a significant change in company ownership structure, and when there is a loss of employment or substantial change in job duties associated with the change in company ownership structure. Change-in-control provisions should exclude excise tax gross-ups and should not authorize the acceleration of vesting of equity awards upon a change in control unless provided under a double-trigger scenario. Similarly, change in control provisions in equity plans should be double-triggered. A change in control event should not result in an acceleration of vesting of all unvested stock options or lapsing of vesting/performance requirements on restricted stock/performance shares, unless there is a loss of employment or substantial change in job duties.
Supplemental executive retirement plans (SERPs): SERPs should not include sweeteners that can increase the payout value significantly or even exponentially, such as additional years of service credited for pension calculations, or inclusion of variable pay (e.g. bonuses and equity awards) into the formula. Pension formulas should not include extraordinary annual bonuses paid close to the time of retirement and should be based on an average, not the maximum, level of compensation earned.
Deferred compensation: Above-market returns or guaranteed minimum returns should not be applied on deferred compensation.
Disclosure practices: The Compensation, Discussion and Analysis should be written in plain English, with as little “legalese” as possible and formatted using section headers, bulleted lists, tables and charts where possible to ease reader comprehension. Ultimately, the document should provide detail and rationale regarding compensation, strategy, pay mix, goals/metrics, challenges, competition and pay for performance linkage, etc. in a narrative fashion.
Responsible use of company stock: Companies should adopt policies that prohibit executives from speculating in company’s stock or using company stock in hedging activities, such as “cashless” collars, forward
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sales, equity swaps or other similar arrangements. Such behavior undermines the ultimate alignment with long-term shareholders’ interests. In addition, the policy should prohibit or discourage the use of company stock as collateral for margin loans, to avoid any potential sudden stock sales (required upon margin calls) that could have a negative impact on the company’s stock price.
Long-term focus: Executive compensation programs should be designed to support companies’ long-term strategic goals. A short-term focus on performance does not necessarily create sustainable shareholder value. Instead, long-term goals may be sacrificed to achieve short-term expectations to the detriment of shareholder value, as evidenced by the financial crisis.
Compensation programs embedding a long-term focus with respect to company goals better align with the long-term interests of shareholders. Granting stock options and restricted stock to executives that vest in five years does not necessarily provide a long-term focus, as executives can sell off the company shares once they vest. However, requiring senior executives to hold company stock until retirement or after retirement can encourage a long-term focus on company performance.
Compensation to executive and other senior level employees should be strongly correlated to sustained performance. Stock options, restricted stock and other forms of non-cash compensation should be performance-based with an eye toward improving long-term corporate value. Well-designed stock option plans can align the interests of executives and shareholders by providing that executives benefit when stock prices rise so that the employees of the company, along with shareholders, prosper together. Likewise, option plans should not allow for the benefits of share price gains without the risk of share price declines. Poorly designed stock option plans can encourage excessive risk-taking behavior and incentivize executives to pursue corporate strategies that promote short-term stock price to the ultimate detriment of long-term shareholder value.
Many plans sponsored by management provide goals so easily attained that executives can realize massive rewards even though shareholder value is not created. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports option plans when they provide legitimately challenging performance targets that serve to truly motivate executives in the pursuit of sustained superior performance. Moreover, equity pay plans should be designed in a fashion that ensures executive compensation is veritably performance driven and “at risk” such that executives are penalized (by either reducing or withholding compensation) for failure to meet pre-determined performance hurdles. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose those plans that offer unreasonable benefits to executives that are not generally available to other shareholders or employees.
Methodology for Analyzing Pay Plans
The theory that stock options are beneficial to shareholders because they motivate management and align the interests of investors with those of executives is no longer held sacrosanct. Indeed, many academic studies have found that there is limited correlation between executive stock ownership and company performance. Misused stock options can give executives an incentive to inflate their company’s earnings, take excessive risks, and make irresponsibly optimistic forecasts in order to keep stock prices high and their paychecks gargantuan.
Therefore, it is vital for shareholders to fully analyze all equity plans that appear on ballot. In general, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services evaluates executive and director compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. When evaluating equity-based compensation items on ballot, the following elements will be considered:
Primary Considerations:
• | Dilution: Vote AGAINST plans in which the potential voting power dilution (VPD) of all shares outstanding exceeds ten percent; |
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• | Full Market Value: Awards must be granted at 100 percent of fair market value on the date of grant. However, in instances when a plan is open to broad-based employee participation and excludes the five most highly compensated employees, we accept a 15 percent discount; |
• | Burn Rate: Vote AGAINST plans where the annual burn rate exceeds industry and index burn rates over a three-year period; |
• | Liberal Definition of Change-in-Control: Vote AGAINST equity plans if the plan provides for the accelerated vesting of equity awards even though an actual change in control may not occur. Examples of such a definition could include, but are not limited to, announcement or commencement of a tender offer, provisions for acceleration upon a “potential” takeover, shareholder approval of a merger or other transactions, or similar language; |
• | Problematic Pay Practices: Vote AGAINST equity plans if the plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices (e.g. if the plan allows for change-in-control payouts that are single triggered). |
Secondary Considerations:
• | Executive Concentration Ratio: Vote AGAINST plans where the annual grant rate to the top five executives (“named officers”) exceeds one percent of shares outstanding; |
• | Pay-For-Performance Metric: Vote AGAINST plans where CEO pay and the company’s performance is incongruous, as measured against industry peers over one and three-year periods, or if the performance criteria is not disclosed; |
• | Evergreen Features: Vote AGAINST plans that reserve a specified percentage of outstanding shares for award each year instead of having a termination date; |
• | Repricing: Vote AGAINST plans if the company’s policy permits repricing of “underwater” options or if the company has a history of repricing past options; |
• | Loans: Vote AGAINST the plan if the plan administrator may provide loans to officers to assist in exercising the awards. |
Voting Power Dilution (VPD) Calculation
Voting power dilution, or VPD, measures the amount of voting power represented by the number of shares reserved over the life of the plan. Industry norm dictates that ten percent dilution over the life of a ten-year plan is reasonable for most mature companies. Restricted stock plans or stand-alone stock bonus plans that are not coupled with stock option plans can be held to a lower dilution cap.
Voting power dilution may be calculated using the following formula:
A: | Shares reserved for this amendment or plan; |
B: | Shares available under this plan and/or continuing plans prior to proposed amendment; |
C: | Shares granted but unexercised under this plan and/or continuing plans; |
D: | All outstanding shares plus any convertible equity, outstanding warrants, or debt. |
The formula can be applied as follows: | A + B + C | |
A + B + C + D |
Fair Market Value, Dilution and Repricing
Consideration will be made as to whether the proposed plan is being offered at fair market value or at a discount; whether the plan excessively dilutes the earnings per share of the outstanding shares; and whether the plan gives management the ability to replace or reprice “underwater” options. Repricing is an amendment to a
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previously granted stock option contract that reduces the option exercise price. Options are “underwater” when their current price is below the current option contract price. Options can also be repriced through cancellations and re-grants. The typical new grant would have a ten-year term, new vesting restrictions, and a lower exercise price reflecting the current lower market price.
The annual burn rate is a measure of dilution that illustrates how rapidly a company is deploying shares reserved for equity compensation plans. The burn or run rate is calculated by dividing the number of shares pursuant to awards granted in a given year by the number of shares outstanding. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services benchmarks a company’s burn rate against three-year industry and primary index burn rates, and generally oppose plans whose average three-year burn rates exceed the greater of: (1) the mean plus one standard deviation of the company’s GICS group segmented by Russell 3000 index and non-Russell 3000 index; or (2) two percent of weighted common shares outstanding. The three-year burn rate policy does not apply to non-employee director plans unless outside directors receive a significant portion of shares each year.
In examining stock option awards, restricted stock and other forms of long-term incentives, it is important to consider internal pay equity; that is, the concentration and distribution of equity awards to a company’s top five executives (“named officers”) as a percentage of overall grants. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will consider voting against equity compensation plans whose annual grant rate to top executives exceeds one percent of shares outstanding.
Principle of Pay-For-Performance
Stock-based pay is often the main driver for excessive executive compensation, which is fueled by poor administration of the plan. Therefore, it is important to closely examine any discrepancies between increases in CEO pay and total shareholder returns against those of peer firms over a one- three- and five-year timeframe in assessing equity-based compensation plans.
Significant disparities between pay and performance warrants votes against or withholding from Compensation Committee members who are responsible for overseeing the company’s compensation schemes, or the entire board if the whole board was involved in and contributed to egregious compensation practices. If the equity component is the source of the imbalance, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will consider opposing the equity plan in which the CEO participates.
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the Compensation Committee members when the company has a pay-for-performance disconnect. |
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose plans that reserve a specified percentage of outstanding shares for award each year (evergreen plans) instead of having a termination date. Such plans provide for an automatic increase in the shares available for grant with or without limits on an annual basis. Because they represent a transfer of shareholder value and have a dilutive impact on a regular basis, evergreen plans are expensive to shareholders. Evergreen features also minimize the frequency that companies seek shareholder approval in increasing the number of shares available under the plan.
Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options taking into consideration the following factors:
• | Historic trading patterns: the stock price should not be so volatile that the options are likely to be back “in-the-money” over the near term; |
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• | Rationale for the re-pricing: was the stock price decline beyond management’s control? |
• | Option vesting: does the new option vest immediately or is there a black-out period? |
• | Term of the option: the term should remain the same as that of the replaced option; |
• | Exercise price: should be set at fair market or a premium to market; |
• | Participants: the plan should be broad-based and executive officers and directors should be excluded; |
• | Is this a value-for-value exchange? |
• | Are surrendered stock options added back to the plan reserve? |
If the surrendered options are added back to the equity plans for re-issuance, then we will also take into consideration the impact on the company’s equity plans and its three-year average burn rate.
In addition to the above considerations, we will evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the repricing proposal. The proposal should clearly articulate why the board is choosing to conduct an exchange program at this point in time. Repricing underwater options after a recent precipitous drop in the company’s stock price demonstrates poor timing. We do not view market deterioration, in and of itself, as an acceptable reason for companies to reprice stock options and/or reset goals under performance plans. Repricing after a recent decline in stock price triggers additional scrutiny and may warrant a vote AGAINST the proposal. At a minimum, the decline should not have happened within the past year. Also, consider the terms of the surrendered options, such as the grant date, exercise price and vesting schedule. Grant dates of surrendered options should be far enough back (two to three years) so as not to suggest that repricings are being done to take advantage of short-term downward price movements. Similarly, the exercise price of surrendered options should be above the 52-week high for the stock price.
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.
Problematic Compensation Practices and Compensation Committee Performance
Poor disclosure, the absence or non-transparency of disclosure and poor plan design of compensation payouts lead to excessive executive compensation practices that are detrimental to shareholders. Poorly designed plans or those lacking in transparency can be reflective of a poorly performing compensation committee.
Companies are expected to meet a minimum standard of tally sheet disclosure as to allow shareholders to readily assess the total executive pay package, understand the actual linkage between pay and performance, and mitigate misinformation to shareholders. The SEC has issued rules on executive and director compensation that require expansive disclosure and a total compensation figure for each of the named executive officers.
Executive compensation will continue to be in the spotlight in the ensuing years, particularly when shareholders will have access to more complete information. In the absence of disclosure that would necessitate a higher level of scrutiny, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may also consider voting against or withholding from the compensation committee for failure to provide pertinent information in the Comensasion Discussion and Analysis (CD&A) report.
• | Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will consider voting AGAINST or WITHHOLDING votes from compensation committee members and/or the CEO on a CASE-BY-CASE basis if the company has problematic compensation practices. In addition, we may consider a vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD vote from the entire board if the whole board was involved in and contributed to egregious compensation. Problematic compensation practices include, but are not limited to, the following: |
Non-Performance based Compensation Elements
• | Multi-year guarantees for salary increases, non-performance based bonuses, and equity compensation; |
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• | Egregious SERP (Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans) payouts (e.g. inclusion of additional years of service not earned or inclusion of performance-based equity awards in the pension calculation); |
• | Excessive perks for current, former and/or retired executives (e.g. personal use of corporate aircraft, personal security systems maintenance and/or installation, car allowances, extraordinary relocation benefits, and/or other inappropriate arrangements); |
• | Income tax reimbursements (gross-ups) for any executive perquisites or other payments; |
• | Excessive severance and/or change-in-control provisions (e.g. payments upon an executive’s termination in connection with performance failure, provisions for the payment of excise tax gross-ups (including modified gross-ups) and/or modified single-triggers — under which an executive may voluntarily depart for any reason and still receive change-in-control severance payments — ); |
• | Change-in-control payouts without loss of job or substantial diminution of job duties (“single-triggers”); |
• | Liberal change-in-control definitions in individual contracts or equity plans which could result in payments to executives without an actual change in control occurring; |
• | Payment of dividends or dividend equivalents on unvested/unearned performance awards; |
• | Executives using company stock in hedging activities, such as “cashless” collars, forward sales, equity swaps or other similar arrangements; |
• | Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/stock appreciation rights without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender/subsequent regrant of underwater options); |
• | Performance metrics that are changed, canceled or replaced during the performance period without adequate explanation of the action and the link to performance; |
• | New CEO with overly generous new hire package (e.g., including excessive “make whole” provisions). |
Incentives that may Motivate Excessive Risk-Taking
• | Guaranteed bonuses or other abnormally large bonus payouts without justifiable performance linkage or appropriate disclosure; |
• | Mega annual equity grants that provide unlimited upside with no downside risk; |
• | A single performance metric used for short- and long-term plans; |
• | High pay opportunities relative to industry peers; |
• | Disproportionate supplemental pensions. |
Factors that potentially mitigate the impact of risky incentives include rigorous claw-back provisions, robust stock ownership/holding guidelines, and substantive bonus deferral/escrowing programs.
Other Problematic Practices
• | Poor Disclosure Practices (e.g. unclear explanation of how the CEO is involved in the pay setting process, retrospective performance targets and methodology not discussed, methodology for benchmarking practices and/or peer group not disclosed and explained); |
• | Internal pay disparity (excessive differential between CEO total pay and that of next highest-paid named executive officer); |
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• | Options backdating (covered in a separate policy); |
• | Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; |
• | Failure to respond to concerns raised in connection with significant opposition to Management Say on Pay proposals. |
Moreover, if there is an equity plan proposal on the ballot and the plan is a vehicle for poor pay practices, we may consider voting against the proposal based on past compensation practices.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the use of performance-vesting restricted stock as long as the absolute amount of restricted stock being granted is a reasonable proportion of an executive’s overall compensation. The best way to align the interests of executives with shareholders is through direct stock holdings, coupled with at-risk variable compensation that is tied to explicit and challenging performance benchmarks. Performance-vesting restricted stock both adds to executives direct share holdings and incorporates at-risk features.
To reward performance and not job tenure, restricted stock vesting requirements should be performance-based rather than time lapsing. Such plans should explicitly define the performance criteria for awards to senior executives and may include a variety of corporate performance measures in addition to the use of stock price targets. In addition, executives should be required to hold their vested restricted stock as long as they remain employees of the company.
Senior level executives should be required to hold a substantial portion of their equity compensation awards, including shares received from option exercises (e.g. 75% of their after-tax stock option proceeds), while they are employed at a company or even into retirement. Equity compensation awards are intended to align management interests with those of shareholders, and allowing executives to sell these shares while they are employees of the company undermines this purpose. Given the large size of a typical annual equity compensation award, holding requirements that are based on a multiple of cash compensation may be inadequate.
Stock options are intended to align the interests of management with those of shareholders. However, stock option grants without performance-based elements can excessively compensate executives for stock increases due solely to a general stock market rise, rather than improved or superior company stock performance. When option grants reach the hundreds of thousands, a relatively small increase in the share price may permit executives to reap millions of dollars without providing material benefits to shareholders.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services advocates for performance-based awards — such as premium-priced or indexed — which encourage executives to outperform peers, certain indices, or the broader market rather than being rewarded for any minimal rise in the share price, which can occur if there are not empirical performance measures incorporated into the structure of the options. Additionally, it should be noted that performance-accelerated vesting and premium priced options allow fixed plan accounting, whereas performance-vested and indexed options entail certain expensing requirements.
• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals that seek to provide for performance-based options such as indexed and/or premium priced options. |
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Options backdating has serious implications and has resulted in financial restatements, delisting of companies, and/or the termination of executives or directors. When options backdating has taken place, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may recommend voting AGAINST or WITHHOLDING from the compensation committee, depending on the severity of the practices and the subsequent corrective actions on the part of the board. We will adopt a CASE-BY-CASE approach to the options backdating issue to differentiate companies that had sloppy administration vs. those that had committed fraud, as well as those companies which have since taken corrective action. Instances in which companies have committed fraud are more disconcerting, and Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will look to them to adopt formal policies to ensure that such practices will not reoccur in the future.
In recommending votes against or withhold votes from the compensation committee members who oversaw the questionable options grant practices or from current compensation committee members who fail to respond to the issue proactively, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will consider several factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
• | Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs. deliberate grant date changes; |
• | Duration of options backdating; |
• | Size of restatement due to options backdating; |
• | Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or repricing backdated options, or recoupment of option gains on backdated grants; |
• | Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creation of a fixed grant schedule or window period for equity grants going forward. |
Pension Plan Income Accounting
• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals to exclude pension plan income in the calculation of earnings used in determining executive bonuses/compensation. |
Shareholder Proposals to Limit Executive and Director Pay
• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals that seek additional disclosure of executive and director pay information; |
• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals that seek to eliminate outside directors’ retirement benefits; |
• | Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis all other shareholder proposals that seek to limit executive and director pay. This includes shareholder proposals that seek to link executive compensation to customer, employee, or stakeholder satisfaction. |
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay) Shareholder Proposals
• | Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals that call for non-binding shareholder ratification of the compensation of the Named Executive Officers and the accompanying narrative disclosure of material factors provided to understand the Summary Compensation Table. |
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay) Management Proposals
• | Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for an advisory vote on executive compensation, considering the following factors: |
• | Evaluation of performance metrics in short-term and long-term plans, considering i) the measures, goals, and target awards reported by the company for executives’ short- and long-term incentive |
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awards; ii) whether the metrics are disclosed; iii) whether the company explains their alignment with the company’s business strategy; and iv) whether the goals appear to be sufficiently challenging in relation to resulting payouts. |
• | Evaluation of peer group benchmarking used to set target pay or award opportunities, including i) the rationale stated by the company for constituents in its pay benchmarking peer group; and ii) as the benchmark targets it uses to set or validate executives’ pay. |
• | Balance of performance-based versus non-performance-based pay, considering i) the ratio of performance-based versus non-performance-based CEO pay elements; ii) presence of concerns about other compensation factors such as performance metrics/goals, benchmarking practices, and pay-for-performance disconnects. |
• | Prescence of problematic pay practices (see Problematic Compensation Practices above) |
• | Poor compensation disclosure practices. |
• | Vote AGAINST management say on pay proposals where there is a misalignment between CEO pay and company performance, the company maintains problematic pay practices, the board exhibits poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders or if the board has failed to demonstrate good stewardship of investors’ interests regarding executive compensation practices. |
Compensation Consultants — Disclosure of Board or Company’s Utilization
• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the Company, Board, or Compensation Committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s) and fees paid. |
Golden parachutes are designed to protect the employees of a corporation in the event of a change-in-control. Under most golden parachute agreements, senior level management employees receive a lump sum payout triggered by a change-in-control at usually two to three times their current base salary. Increasingly, companies that have golden parachute agreements for senior level executives are extending coverage for all their employees via “tin” parachutes. The SEC requires disclosure of all golden parachute arrangements in the proxy statement, while disclosure of tin parachutes in company filings is not required at this time.
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals to all have golden parachute agreements submitted for shareholder ratification; |
• | Generally vote AGAINST all proposals to ratify golden parachutes; |
• | Vote on tin parachutes on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
Executive Perks and Retirement/Death Benefits
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports enhanced disclosure and shareholder oversight of executive benefits and other in-kind retirement perquisites. For example, compensation devices like executive pensions (SERPs), deferred compensation plans, below-market-rate loans or guaranteed post-retirement consulting fees can amount to significant liabilities to shareholders and it is often difficult for investors to find adequate disclosure of their full terms. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes any perquisite or benefit to executives that exceeds what is generally offered to other company employees. From a shareholder prospective, the cost of these executive entitlements would be better allocated to performance-based forms of executive compensation during their term in office.
• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in SERP agreements to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans. |
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• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling companies to adopt a policy of discontinuing or obtaining shareholder approval for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit programs or equity plan proposals that the broad-based employee population is eligible. |
Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)
An Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) is an employee benefit plan that makes the employees of a company also owners of stock in that company. Recent academic research of the performance of ESOPs in closely held companies found that ESOPs appear to increase overall sales, employment, and sales per employee over what would have been expected absent an ESOP. Studies have also found that companies with an ESOP are also more likely to still be in business several years later, and are more likely to have other retirement oriented benefit plans than comparable non-ESOP companies.
• | Vote FOR proposals that request shareholder approval in order to implement an ESOP or to increase authorized shares for existing ESOPs except in cases when the number of shares allocated to the ESOP is deemed excessive (i.e. generally greater than five percent of outstanding shares). |
OBRA-Related Compensation Proposals
• | Vote FOR amendments that place a cap on annual grants or amend administrative features; |
• | Vote FOR plans that simply amend shareholder-approved plans to include administrative features or place a cap on the annual grants that any one participant may receive in order to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) of OBRA. |
Amendments to Add Performance-Based Goals
Section 162(m) of the IRS Code Section limits the deductibility of compensation in excess of $1 million to a named executive officer unless certain prescribed actions are taken including shareholder approval and the establishment of performance goals.
• | Vote FOR amendments to add performance goals to existing compensation plans to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) of OBRA, unless they are inappropriate. |
Amendments to Increase Shares and Retain Tax Deductions Under OBRA
Amendments to existing plans to increase shares reserved and to qualify the plan for favorable tax treatment under the provisions of Section 162(m) should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Approval of Cash or Cash-and-Stock Bonus Plans
• | Generally vote AGAINST cash or cash-and-stock bonus plans to exempt the compensation from taxes under the provisions of Section 162(m) of OBRA if the plan provides for awards to individual participants in excess of $2 million a year; |
• | Vote AGAINST plans that are deemed to be excessive because they are not justified by performance measures; |
• | Vote AGAINST plans if the compensation committee does not fully consist of independent outsiders, as defined by Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ definition of director independence. |
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Auditors play an integral role in certifying the integrity and reliability of corporate financial statements on which investors rely to gauge the financial well being of a company and the viability of an investment. The well-documented auditor-facilitated bankruptcies and scandals at several large public companies in recent years underscore the catastrophic consequences that investors can suffer when the audit process breaks down.
The recent wave of accounting scandals at companies illuminate the need to ensure auditor independence in the face of selling consulting services to audit clients. At the large four accounting firms, revenues from non-audit services grew from 13% of total revenues in 1981 to half of total revenue in 2000. A study of over 1,200 US companies in the S&P 500, Mid Cap, and Small Cap indices found that 72% of fees paid to auditors in 2002 were for non-audit services, exactly the same level as 2001. We believe that this ratio should be reversed and that non-audit fees should make up no more than one-quarter of all fees paid to the auditor so as to properly discourage even the appearance of any undue influence upon an auditor’s objectivity.
Under SEC rules, disclosed categories of professional fees paid for audit and non-audit services are as follows: (1) Audit Fees, (2) Audit-Related Fees, (3) Tax Fees, and (4) All Other Fees. Under the revised reporting requirements, a company will also be required to describe — in qualitative terms — the types of services provided under the three categories other than Audit Fees. The following fee categories are defined as: A) tax compliance or preparation fees are excluded from our calculations of non-audit fees; and B) fees for consulting services for tax-avoidance strategies and tax shelters will be included in “other fees” and will be considered non-audit fees if the proxy disclosure does not indicate the nature of the tax services. In circumstances where “Other” fees include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events: initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs; and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit/audit-related fees/tax compliance and preparation for purposes of determining whether non-audit fees are excessive.
As auditors are the backbone upon which a company’s financial health is measured, auditor independence is absolutely essential for rendering objective opinions upon which investors then rely. When an auditor is paid excessive consulting fees in addition to fees paid for auditing, the company-auditor relationship is left open to conflicts of interest.
The ratification of auditors is an important component of good governance. In light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and increased shareholder scrutiny, some companies are opting to take auditor ratification off the ballot. Neglecting to include the ratification of auditors on the proxy takes away the fundamental shareholder tight to ratify the company’s choice of auditor. Whereas shareholder ratification of auditors was once considered routine by many shareowners, the subsequent accounting scandals have caused shareholders to be more vigilant about the integrity of the auditors certifying their companies’ financial statements. It is now viewed as best practice for companies to place the item on ballot.
Although U.S. companies are not legally required to allow shareholders to ratify their appointment of independent auditors, roughly 60% of S&P 500 companies allow for shareholder ratification of their auditors. Submission of the audit firm for approval at the annual meeting on an annual basis gives shareholders the means to weigh in on their satisfaction (or lack thereof) on the auditor’s independent execution of their duties.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services firmly believes mandatory auditor ratification is in line with sound and transparent corporate governance and remains an important mechanism to ensure the integrity of the auditor’s
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work. In the absence of legislation mandating shareholder ratification of auditors, the failure by a company to present its selection of auditors for shareholder ratification should be discouraged as it undermines good governance and disenfranchises shareholders.
Proposals to ratify auditors is examined for potential conflicts of interest, with particular attention to the fees paid to the auditor, as well as whether the ratification of auditors has been put up for shareholder vote.
• | Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors when the amount of audit fees is equal to or greater than three times (75 percent) the amount paid for consulting, unless: i) An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent; or ii) There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position; |
• | Vote AGAINST proposals to ratify auditors when the amount of non-audit consulting fees exceeds a quarter of all fees paid to the auditor; |
• | Generally support shareholder proposals seeking to limit companies from buying consulting services from their auditor. |
Long-term relationships between auditors and their clients can impede auditor independence, objectivity and professional skepticism. Such long-standing relationships foster an undesirable coziness between audit firms and their clients, which can cause the auditors to lose their independence and become less questioning especially where lucrative contracts for the provision of non-audit consulting services are involved. Mandatory auditor rotation is a widely supported safeguard against improper audits and is viewed by many as an effective mechanism for mitigating the potential risks borne by long-term auditor-client relationships.
Proponents of compulsory audit firm rotation contend that rotation policies promote objectivity and independence among auditors and minimize the scope of vested interests developing in the audit. Opponents of audit firm rotation argue that regular re-tendering is a costly practice, likely to reduce audit quality and increase the risk of audit failure in the early years due to the time required to gain cumulative knowledge of an often complex and geographically diverse business. A solution around this apparent negative effect of mandatory rotation is to keep a longer rotation period.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services recommends that companies not maintain the same audit firm in excess of seven years, and will consider voting against auditors if their tenure at a company exceeds seven years. A revolving seven-year rotation period allows the auditor to develop cumulative knowledge of a company’s business and the effect of changes in the business along with the corresponding changes in its risks, thereby enhancing the quality of the audit and trammeling potential loss of auditor objectivity and independence. Many institutional investors argue that the increased costs associated with compulsory auditor rotation are a lesser evil vis-à-vis the larger evil of the costs to shareholders when the objectionable coziness between clients and long-standing auditors leads to gross erosion of shareholder value.
• | Generally support shareholder proposals to ensure auditor independence through measures such as mandatory auditor rotation (no less than every seven years). |
Auditor Indemnification and Limitation of Liability
Indemnification clauses allow auditors to avoid liability for potential damages, including punitive damages. Eliminating concerns about being sued for carelessness could lead to; 1) potential impairment of external auditor independence and impartiality by contractual clauses limiting their liability; and 2) a decrease the quality and reliability of the audit given the lack of consequence for an inadequate audit.
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Given the substantial settlements against auditors in recent years for poor audit practices and the cost of such insurance to the company and its shareholders, there are legitimate concerns over the broader use of indemnification clauses. Such agreements may weaken the objectivity, impartiality and performance of audit firms. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes it is important for shareholders to understand the full risks and implications of these agreements and determine what impact they could have on shareholder value. At the present time, however, due to poor disclosure in this area, it is difficult to identify the existence and extent of limited liability provisions and auditor agreements, and investors lack the information needed to make informed decisions regarding these agreements.
Without uniform disclosure, it is difficult to consistently apply policy and make informed vote recommendations. As such, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews the use of indemnification clauses and limited liability provisions in auditor agreements on a case-by-case basis, when disclosure is present.
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from Audit Committee members if there is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm. |
Disclosures Under Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that companies document and assess the effectiveness of their internal financial controls. Beginning in 2005, most public companies must obtain annual attestation of the effectiveness of their internal controls over financial reporting from their outside auditors. Companies with significant material weaknesses identified in the Section 404 disclosures potentially have ineffective internal financial reporting controls, which may lead to inaccurate financial statements, hampering shareholders’ ability to make informed investment decisions, and may lead to destruction of public confidence and shareholder value. The Audit Committee is ultimately responsible for the integrity and reliability of the company’s financial information and its system of internal controls.
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from Audit Committee members under certain circumstances when a material weakness rises to a level of serious concern, if there are chronic internal control issues, or if there is an absence of established effective control mechanisms; |
• | Vote AGAINST management proposals to ratify auditors if there is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position; |
An Adverse Opinion on the company’s financial statements is issued when the auditor determines that the financial statements are materially misstated and, when considered as a whole, do not conform to GAAP. It essentially states that the information contained is materially incorrect, unreliable, and inaccurate in order to assess the company’s financial position and results of operations.
Adverse opinions on companies’ financial statements are generally very rare because they essentially state that a significant portion of the financial statements are unreliable and the auditor had no choice but to issue an adverse opinion after a long process of seeking resolution with the company subjected to the audit.
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from Audit Committee members if the company receives an Adverse Opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditors. |
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Shareholder rights plans, typically known as poison pills, take the form of rights or warrants issued to shareholders and are triggered when a potential acquiring stockholder reaches a certain threshold of ownership. When triggered, poison pills generally allow shareholders to purchase shares from, or sell shares back to, the target company (“flip-in-pill”) and/or the potential acquirer (“flip-out-pill”) at a price far out of line with fair market value.
Depending on the type of pill, the triggering event can either transfer wealth from the target company or dilute the equity holdings of current shareholders. Poison pills insulate management from the threat of a change in control and provide the target board with veto power over takeover bids. Because poison pills greatly alter the balance of power between shareholders and management, shareholders should be allowed to make their own evaluation of such plans.
In evaluating management proposals on poison pills, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services consider the company’s rationale for adopting the pill and its existing governance structure in determining whether or not the pill appropriately serves in shareholders’ best interests. The rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. Additionally, we examine the company’s existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, or any problematic governance concerns.
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification; |
• | Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis shareholder proposals to redeem a company’s poison pill; |
• | Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis management proposals to ratify a poison pill; |
• | Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from any board where a dead-hand poison pill provision is in place. From a shareholder perspective, there is no justification for a dead-hand provision. Directors of companies with these lethal protective devices should be held fully accountable. |
Net operating losses (NOL) pills, which are used to preserve a tax benefit (as opposed to traditional poison pills which are used as a takeover defense), typically have low triggers that some shareholders have difficulty supporting. This lack of support may have the effect of discouraging issuers from seeking shareholder approval for such pills. In assessing NOL pills, we take into account the unique purpose and features of NOL pills to enable shareholders make informed decisions when presented with proposals to adopt such pills, and to encourage issuers to submit such pills to a shareholder vote.
For management proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of preserving a company’s net operating losses (“NOL pills”), the following factors are considered on a CASE-BY-CASE following basis:
• | The ownership threshold to transfer (NOL pills generally have a trigger slightly below 5%); |
• | The value of the NOLs; |
• | The term; |
• | Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, or commitment to cause expiration of the pill upon exhaustion or expiration of NOLs); |
• | The company’s existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other problematic governance concerns; and |
• | Any other factors that may be applicable. |
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Greenmail payments are targeted share repurchases by management of company stock from individuals or groups seeking control of the company. Since only the hostile party receives payment, usually at a substantial premium over the market value of shares, the practice discriminates against most shareholders. This transferred cash, absent the greenmail payment, could be put to much better use for reinvestment in the company, payment of dividends, or to fund a public share repurchase program.
• | Vote FOR proposals to adopt an anti-greenmail provision in their charter or bylaws that would thereby restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments to certain shareholders; |
• | Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis all anti-greenmail proposals when they are presented as bundled items with other charter or bylaw amendments. |
Shareholder Ability to Remove Directors
Shareholder ability to remove directors, with or without cause, is either prescribed by a state’s business corporation law, individual company’s articles of incorporation, or its corporate bylaws. Many companies have sought shareholder approval for charter or bylaw amendments that would prohibit the removal of directors except for cause, thus ensuring that directors would retain their directorship for their full-term unless found guilty of self-dealing. By requiring cause to be demonstrated through due process, management insulates the directors from removal even if a director has been performing poorly, not attending meetings, or not acting in the best interests of shareholders.
• | Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause; |
• | Vote FOR proposals which seek to restore the authority of shareholders to remove directors with or without cause; |
• | Vote AGAINST proposals that provide only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies; |
• | Vote FOR proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies. |
Shareholder Ability to Alter the Size of the Board
Proposals that would allow management to increase or decrease the size of the board at its own discretion are often used by companies as a takeover defense. Proposals to fix the size of the board at a specific number can prevent management from increasing the board size without shareholder approval when facing a proxy context. By increasing the size of the board, management can make it more difficult for dissidents to gain control of the board. Fixing the size of the board also prevents a reduction in the size of the board as a strategy to oust independent directors. Fixing board size also prevents management from increasing the number of directors in order to dilute the effects of cumulative voting.
• | Vote FOR proposals that seek to fix the size of the board within an acceptable range; |
• | Vote AGAINST proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board without shareholder approval. |
The confidential ballot ensures that voters are not subject to real or perceived coercion. In an open voting system, management can determine who has voted against its nominees or proposals before a final vote count. As a result, shareholders can be pressured to vote with management at companies with which they maintain or would like to establish a business relationship.
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• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals that request corporations to adopt confidential voting, the use of independent tabulators, and the use of independent inspectors for an election as long as the proposals include clauses for proxy contests. In the case of a contested election, management is permitted to request that the dissident group honor its confidential voting policy. If the dissidents agree, the policy remains in place. If the dissidents do not agree, the confidential voting policy is waived; |
• | Vote FOR management proposals to adopt confidential voting procedures. |
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
Most state corporation statutes allow shareholders to call a special meeting when they want to take action on certain matters that arise between regularly scheduled annual meetings. Sometimes this right applies only if a shareholder or a group of shareholders own a specified percentage of shares, with ten percent being the most common. Shareholders may lose the ability to remove directors, initiate a shareholder resolution, or respond to a beneficial offer without having to wait for the next scheduled meeting if they are unable to act at a special meeting of their own calling.
• | Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings; |
• | Vote FOR proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management; |
• | Vote AGAINST provisions that would require advance notice of more than sixty days. |
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Consent solicitations allow shareholders to vote on and respond to shareholder and management proposals by mail without having to act at a physical meeting. A consent card is sent by mail for shareholder approval and only requires a signature for action. Some corporate bylaws require supermajority votes for consents, while at others standard annual meeting rules apply. Shareholders may lose the ability to remove directors, initiate a shareholder resolution, or respond to a beneficial offer without having to wait for the next scheduled meeting if they are unable to act at a special meeting of their own calling.
• | Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent; |
• | Vote FOR proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent. |
Incumbent managers are able to use unequal voting rights through the creation of a separate class of shares that has superior voting rights to the common shares of regular shareholders. This separate class of shares with disproportionate voting power allows management to concentrate its power and insulate itself from the wishes of the majority of shareholders. Dual class exchange offers involve a transfer of voting rights from one group of shareholders to another group of shareholders typically through the payment of a preferential dividend. A dual class recapitalization plan also establishes two classes of common stock with unequal voting rights, but initially involves an equal distribution of preferential and inferior voting shares to current shareholders.
• | Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share-one-vote capital structure; |
• | Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super-voting shares. |
Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Amend the Charter or Bylaws
Supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter or bylaw amendments are often the result of “lock-in” votes, which are the votes required to repeal new provisions to the corporate charter. Supermajority
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provisions violate the principle that a simple majority of voting shares should be all that is necessary to effect change regarding a company and its corporate governance provisions. Requiring more than this may entrench managers by blocking actions that are in the best interests of shareholders.
The general lack of credit availability for financially distressed companies has resulted in “rescue” or highly dilutive stock and warrant issuances, which often comprise a majority of the company’s voting stock upon conversion. When an investor takes control of the company through the conversion of securities, the new owners often seek statutory amendments, such as adopting written consent, or allowing 50 percent shareholders to call a special meeting, that allow effective control over the company with little or no input from minority shareholders.
In such cases, the existing supermajority vote requirements would serve to protect minority shareholders’ interests. The reduction in the vote requirements, when coupled with low quorum requirements (in Nevada and other states) could shift the balance in power away from small shareholders while overly empowering large shareholders.
• | Vote AGAINST management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments; |
• | Vote AGAINST management proposals seeking to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements when they accompany management sponsored proposals to also change certain charter or bylaw amendments; |
• | Vote FOR management or shareholder proposals to reduce supermajority vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments. However, for companies with shareholder(s) who have significant ownership levels, vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking into account i) ownership structure, ii) quorum requirements, and iii) supermajority vote requirements. |
Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Approve Mergers
Supermajority provisions violate the principle that a simple majority of voting shares should be all that is necessary to effect change regarding a company and its corporate governance provisions. Requiring more than this may entrench managers by blocking actions that are in the best interests of shareholders.
• | Vote AGAINST management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations; |
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other significant business combinations. |
Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses
• | Generally support shareholder proposals to reimburse for proxy solicitation expenses; |
• | When voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate, always support the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election; |
• | Generally support requests seeking to reimburse a shareholder proponent for all reasonable campaign expenditures for a proposal approved by the majority of shareholders. |
• | Vote CASE-BY-CASE on bundled or conditional proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests, vote AGAINST the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, support such proposals. |
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MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS/CORPORATE RESTRUCTURINGS
A number of academic and industry studies in recent years have estimated that nearly three quarters of all corporate acquisitions fail to create economically meaningful shareholder value. These studies have also demonstrated that the larger the deal the greater the risk in realizing long-term value for shareholders of the acquiring firm. These risks include integration challenges, over-estimation of expected synergies, incompatible corporate cultures and poor succession planning. Indeed, some studies have found that smaller deals within specialized industries on average outperform “big bet” larger deals by a statistically significant factor.
In analyzing M&A deals, private placements or other transactional related items on proxy, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services performs a well-rounded analysis that seeks to balance all facets of the deal to ascertain whether the proposed acquisition is truly going to generate long-term value for shareholders and enhance the prospects of the ongoing corporation.
Votes on mergers and acquisitions are always considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into account the following factors:
• | Impact of the merger on shareholder value; |
• | Perspective of ownership (target vs. acquirer) in the deal; |
• | Form and mix of payment (i.e. stock, cash, debt, etc.); |
• | Fundamental value drivers behind the deal; |
• | Anticipated financial and operating benefits realizable through combined synergies; |
• | Offer price (cost vs. premium); |
• | Change-in-control payments to executive officers; |
• | Financial viability of the combined companies as a single entity; |
• | Was the deal put together in good faith? What kind of auction setting took place? Were negotiations carried out at arm’s length? Was any portion of the process tainted by possible conflicts of interest?; |
• | Fairness opinion (or lack thereof); |
• | Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights; |
• | What are the potential legal or environmental liability risks associated with the target firm?; |
• | Impact on community stakeholders and employees in both workforces; |
• | How will the merger adversely affect employee benefits like pensions and health care? |
Fair price provisions were originally designed to specifically defend against the most coercive of takeover devises- the two-tiered, front-end loaded tender offer. In such a hostile takeover, the bidder offers cash for enough shares to gain control of the target. At the same time, the acquirer states that once control has been obtained, the target’s remaining shares will be purchased with cash, cash and securities, or only securities. Since the payment offered for the remaining stock is, by design, less valuable than the original offer for the controlling shares, shareholders are forced to sell out early to maximize the value of their shares. Standard fair price provisions require that in the absence of board or shareholder approval of the acquisition the bidder must pay the remaining shareholders the same price for their shares that brought control.
• | Vote FOR fair price proposals as long as the shareholder vote requirement embedded in the provision is no more than a majority of disinterested shares; |
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• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals to lower the shareholder vote requirement in existing fair price provisions. |
• | Votes concerning corporate restructuring proposals, including minority squeeze outs, leveraged buyouts, spin-offs, liquidations, and asset sales, are considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
Rights of appraisal provide shareholders who do not approve of the terms of certain corporate transactions the right to demand a judicial review in order to determine the fair value for their shares. The right of appraisal applies to mergers, sale of corporate assets, and charter amendments that may have a materially adverse effect on the rights of dissenting shareholders.
• | Vote FOR proposals to restore or provide shareholders with the right of appraisal. |
• | Votes on spin-offs are considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis depending on the tax and regulatory advantages, planned use of sale proceeds, market focus, and managerial incentives. |
• | Votes on asset sales are made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis after considering the impact on the balance sheet/working capital, value received for the asset, and potential elimination of diseconomies. |
• | Votes on liquidations are made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis after reviewing management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives, appraisal value of assets, and the compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation. |
Going Private Transactions (LBOs, Minority Squeezeouts)
• | Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on going private transactions, taking into account the following: offer price/premium, fairness opinion, how the deal was negotiated, conflicts of interest, other alternatives/offers considered, and non-completion risk. |
• | Vote CASE-BY-CASE on “going dark” transactions, determining whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by taking into consideration whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly-traded (examination of trading volume, liquidity, and market research of the stock), cash-out value, whether the interests of continuing and cashed-out shareholders are balanced, and market reaction to public announcement of transaction. |
Changing Corporate Name
• | Vote FOR changing the corporate name in all instances if proposed and supported by management and the board. |
Plans of Reorganization (Bankruptcy)
The recent financial crisis has placed Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganizations as a potential alternative for distressed companies. While the number of bankruptcies has risen over the past year as evidenced by many firms,
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including General Motors and Lehman Brothers, the prevalence of these reorganizations can vary year over year due to, among other things, market conditions and a company’s ability to sustain its operations. Additionally, the amount of time that lapses between a particular company’s entrance into Chapter 11 and its submission of a plan of reorganization varies significantly depending on the complexity, timing, and jurisdiction of the particular case. These plans are often put to a vote of shareholders (in addition to other interested parties), as required by the Bankruptcy Code.
• | Vote CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to common shareholders on bankruptcy plans of reorganization, considering the following factors including, but not limited to: |
• | Estimated value and financial prospects of the reorganized company; |
• | Percentage ownership of current shareholders in the reorganized company; |
• | Whether shareholders are adequately represented in the reorganization process (particularly through the existence of an Official Equity Committee); |
• | The cause(s) of the bankruptcy filing, and the extent to which the plan of reorganization addresses the cause(s); Existence of a superior alternative to the plan of reorganization; and Governance of the reorganized company. |
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The management of a corporation’s capital structure involves a number of important issues including dividend policy, types of assets, opportunities for growth, ability to finance new projects internally, and the cost of obtaining additional capital. Many financing decisions have a significant impact on shareholder value, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional common stock, preferred stock, or debt.
State statutes and stock exchanges require shareholder approval for increases in the number of common shares. Corporations increase their supply of common stock for a variety of ordinary business purposes: raising new capital, funding stock compensation programs, business acquisitions, implementation of stock splits, or payment of stock dividends.
Clear justification should accompany all management requests for shareholders approval of increases in authorized common stock. We support increases in authorized common stock to fund stock splits that are in shareholders’ interests. Consideration will be made on a case-by-case basis on proposals when the company intends to use the additional stock to implement a poison pill or other takeover defense. The amount of additional stock requested in comparison to the requests of the company’s peers as well as the company’s articulated reason for the increase must be evaluated.
• | Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issue. The following factors will be considered: |
• | Past Board Performance: i) the company’s use of authorized shares during the last three years; ii) one- and three-year total shareholder return; and practices iii) the board’s governance structure and practices including existing takeover defenses and presence of egregious equity compensation practices; |
• | The Current Request: i) specific reasons/rationale for the proposed increase; ii) the dilutive impact of the request; and iii) risks to shareholders of not approving the request. |
• | Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of stock that has superior voting rights; |
• | Vote AGAINST proposed common stock authorizations that increase the existing authorization by more than fifty percent unless a clear need for the excess shares is presented by the company. |
Reverse splits exchange multiple shares for a lesser amount to increase share price. Increasing share price is sometimes necessary to restore a company’s share price to a level that will allow it to be traded on the national stock exchanges. In addition, some brokerage houses have a policy of not monitoring or investing in very low priced shares. Reverse stock splits can help maintain stock liquidity.
Management proposals to implement a reverse stock split will be reviewed on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into account whether there is a corresponding proportional decrease in authorized shares. Generally support a reverse stock split if management provides a reasonable justification for the split and reduces authorized shares accordingly. Without a corresponding decrease, a reverse stock split is effectively an increase in authorized shares by reducing the number of shares outstanding while leaving the number of authorized shares to be issued at the pre-split level.
Blank Check Preferred Authorization
Preferred stock is an equity security which has certain features similar to debt instruments- such as fixed dividend payments and seniority of claims to common stock — and usually carries little to no voting rights. The
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terms of blank check preferred stock give the board of directors the power to issue shares of preferred stock at their discretion with voting, conversion, distribution, and other rights to be determined by the board at time of issue. Blank check preferred stock can be used for sound corporate purposes but can also be used as a device to thwart hostile takeovers without shareholder approval.
• | Vote FOR proposals to create “declawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense); |
• | Vote FOR requests to require shareholder approval for blank check authorizations; |
• | Vote FOR proposals to authorize preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable; |
• | Vote AGAINST proposals that would authorize the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend, distribution, and other rights (“blank check” preferred stock); |
• | Vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for issuance when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose. |
Adjust Par Value of Common Stock
Stock that has a fixed per share value that is on its certificate is called par value stock. The purpose of par value stock is to establish the maximum responsibility of a stockholder in the event that a corporation becomes insolvent. Proposals to reduce par value come from certain state level requirements for regulatory industries such as banks and other legal requirements relating to the payment of dividends.
• | Vote FOR management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock. |
Preemptive rights permit shareholders to share proportionately in any new issues of stock of the same class. These rights guarantee existing shareholders the first opportunity to purchase shares of new issues of stock in the same class as their own and in the same proportion. The absence of these rights could cause stockholders’ interest in a company to be reduced by the sale of additional shares without their knowledge and at prices unfavorable to them. Preemptive rights, however, can make it difficult for corporations to issue large blocks of stock for general corporate purposes. Both corporations and shareholders benefit when corporations are able to arrange issues without preemptive rights that do not result in a substantial transfer of control.
• | Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to create or abolish preemptive rights. In evaluating proposals on preemptive rights, we look at the size of a company and the characteristics of its shareholder base. |
We review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt-restructuring plan. The following factors are considered:
• | Dilution — How much will the ownership interest of existing shareholders be reduced, and how extreme will dilution to any future earnings be? |
• | Change in Control — Will the transaction result in a change in control of the company? Are board and committee seats guaranteed? Do standstill provisions and voting agreements exist? |
• | Financial Issues — company’s financial situation, degree of need for capital, use of proceeds, and effect of the financing on the company’s cost of capital |
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• | Terms of the offer — discount/premium in purchase price to investor including any fairness opinion, |
• | termination penalties and exit strategy |
• | Conflict of interest — arm’s length transactions and managerial incentives |
• | Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives |
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals regarding debt restructurings.
Vote FOR the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.
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Voting on State Takeover Statutes
Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to opt in or out of state takeover statutes (including control share acquisition statutes, control share cash-out statutes, freeze out provisions, fair price provisions, stakeholder laws, poison pill endorsements, severance pay and labor contract provisions, anti-greenmail provisions, and disgorgement provisions). We generally support opting into stakeholder protection statutes if they provide comprehensive protections for employees and community stakeholders. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is less supportive of takeover statutes that only serve to protect incumbent management from accountability to shareholders and which negatively influence shareholder value.
Management or shareholder proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns including the following:
• | Reasons for reincorporation; |
• | Comparison of company’s governance practices and provisions prior to and following the reincorporation; and |
• | Comparison of corporation laws of original state and destination state |
Vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.
Offshore Reincorporations and Tax Havens
For a company that seeks to reincorporate, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services evaluates the merits of the move on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into consideration the company’s strategic rationale for the move, the potential economic ramifications, potential tax benefits, and any corporate governance changes that may impact shareholders. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes there are a number of concerns associated with a company looking to reincorporate from the United States to offshore locales such as Bermuda, the Cayman Islands or Panama. The trend of U.S. companies seeking to move offshore appears to be on the rise, and shareholders are just beginning to understand the web of complexities surrounding the legal, tax, and governance implications involved in such a transaction.
When reviewing a proposed offshore move, the following factors are considered:
• | Legal recourse for U.S. stockholders of the new company and the enforcement of legal judgments against the company under the U.S. securities laws; |
• | The transparency (or lack thereof) of the new locale’s legal system; |
• | Adoption of any shareholder-unfriendly corporate law provisions; |
• | Actual, quantifiable tax benefits associated with foreign incorporation; |
• | Potential for accounting manipulations and/or discrepancies; |
• | Any pending U.S. legislation concerning offshore companies; |
• | Prospects of reputational harm and potential damage to brand name via increased media coverage concerning corporate expatriation. |
Furthermore, generally support shareholder requests calling for “expatriate” companies that are domiciled abroad yet predominantly owned and operated in America to re-domesticate back to a U.S. state jurisdiction.
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CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY & ACCOUNTABILITY
Social, Environmental and Sustainability Issues
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports social, workforce, and environmental shareholder-sponsored resolutions if they seek to create responsible corporate citizens while at the same time attempting to enhance long-term shareholder value. We typically support proposals that ask for disclosure reporting of information that is not available outside the company that is not proprietary in nature. Such reporting is particularly most vital when it appears that a company has not adequately addressed shareholder concerns regarding social, workplace, environmental and/or other issues. A determination whether the request is relevant to the company’s core business and in-line with industry practice will be made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. The proponent of the resolution must make the case that the benefits of additional disclosure outweigh the costs of producing the report.
In determining our vote on social, workplace, environmental, and other related proposals, we specifically analyze the following factors:
• | Whether adoption of the proposal would have either a positive or negative impact on the company’s short-term or long-term share value; |
• | Percentage of sales, assets, and earnings affected; |
• | Degree to which the company’s stated position on the issues could affect its reputation or sales, or leave it vulnerable to boycott or selective purchasing; |
• | Whether the issues presented should be dealt with through government or company-specific action; |
• | Whether the company has already responded in some appropriate manner to the request embodied in a proposal; |
• | Whether the company’s analysis and voting recommendation to shareholders is persuasive; |
• | What its industry peers have done in response to the issue; |
• | Whether the proposal itself is well framed and reasonable; |
• | Whether implementation of the proposal would achieve the objectives sought in the proposal; |
• | Whether the subject of the proposal is best left to the discretion of the board. |
In general, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports proposals that request the company to furnish information helpful to shareholders in evaluating the company’s operations from top to bottom. In order to be able to intelligently monitor their investments, shareholders often need information that is best provided by the company in which they have invested on behalf of their end beneficiaries. Qualified requests satisfying the aforementioned criteria usually merit support.
Proposals requesting that the company cease certain actions that the proponent believes are harmful to society or some segment of society will be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Special attention will be made to the company’s legal and ethical obligations, its ability to remain profitable, and potential negative publicity if the company fails to honor the request. A high standard will need to be met by proponents requesting specific action like divesture of a business line or operation, legal remuneration, or withdrawal from certain high-risk markets.
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Special Policy Review and Shareholder Advisory Committees
These resolutions propose the establishment of special committees of the board to address broad corporate policy and provide forums for ongoing dialogue on issues including, but not limited to: shareholder relations, the environment, occupational health and safety, and executive compensation.
• | Support these proposals when they appear to offer a potentially effective method for enhancing shareholder value. |
Operations in Protected or Sensitive Areas
Operating in regions protected or established under national or international categorization guidelines, including wildlife refuges, national forests, and IUCN categorized areas expose companies to increased oversight and the potential for associated risk and controversy. While it is important for a company to have the flexibility to operate in these regions to take advantage of strategic placement or growth, additional disclosure could be an important mitigating factor when addressing increased risk and oversight. Restrictions to the company’s operations, damaging public opinion, and costly litigation resulting from failure to comply with the requirements associated with protected or categorized regions could have a significant impact on shareholder value.
• | Generally support shareholder requests for reports outlining potential environmental damage from operations in protected regions, including wildlife refuges, unless the company does not currently have operations or plans to develop operations in these protected regions. |
Many large retail stores and real estate development firms have received criticism over their policies and processes for acquiring and developing land. Often, in such cases, there are organizations that support as well as those that oppose the proposed development.
Many of these requests brought forth by the respective stakeholders raise serious issues that can have a real impact on short-term shareholder value. However in some cases, additional reporting may be duplicative of existing disclosure or may fail to provide added benefit to shareholders commensurate with the associated cost or burden of providing additional information. Some of the companies targeted with this resolution have been subject to recent litigation and/or significant fines stemming from its land use practices or recent community boycotts.
• | Generally support shareholder resolutions that request better disclosure of detailed information on a company’s policies related to land use or development or compliance with local and national laws and zoning requirements. |
International Financial Related
The rise of globalization has put increasing importance on the need for US companies to periodically monitor their business operations abroad. As a means to preserve brand integrity and protect against potentially costly litigation and negative public relations, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports shareholder proposals which call for a report on the company’s core business policies and procedures of its operations outside the United States.
Many of the resolutions which address a company’s international policies can include: impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in emerging market economies; corporate safeguards against money laundering; terrorist financing; economic de-stabilization concerns; relationships with international financial institutions (IFIs); and product sales/marketing abroad (i.e., tobacco, pharmaceutical drug pricing).
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• | Generally support proposals asking for policy clarification and reporting on foreign-related matters that can materially impact the company’s short and long-term bottom line. |
Affirm Political Non-Partisanship
Employees should not be put in a position where professional standing and goodwill within the corporation could be jeopardized as a result of political beliefs. Responsible employment practices should protect workers from an environment characterized by political indoctrination or intimidation. Corporations should not devote resources to partisan political activities, nor should they compel their employees to contribute to or support particular causes. Moreover, it is wise for a corporation to maintain a politically neutral stance as to avoid potentially embarrassing conflicts of interests that could negatively impact the company’s brand name with consumers.
• | Generally support proposals affirming political non-partisanship within the company. |
Political Contributions Reporting & Disclosure
Changes in legislation that governs corporate political giving have, rather than limiting such contributions, increased the complexity of tracking how much money corporations contribute to the political process and where that money ultimately ends up. A company’s involvement in the political process could impact shareholder value if such activities are not properly overseen and managed.
Shareholders have the right to know about corporate political activities, and management’s knowledge that such information can be made publicly available should encourage a company’s lawful and responsible use of political contributions.
Moreover, it is critical that shareholders understand the internal controls that are in place at a company to adequately manage political contributions. Given the significant reputational and financial risk involved in political giving, shareholders should expect management to have the necessary capabilities to monitor and track all monies distributed toward political groups and causes. These internal controls should be fully consistent with Section 404 requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
While political contributions, lobbying and other corporate political activity can benefit the strategic interests of a company, it is important that accountability mechanisms are in place to ensure that monies disbursed in support of political objectives actually generate identifiable returns on shareholder wealth. Such mechanisms serve to insure against the use of shareholder funds in the furtherance of narrow management agendas.
When analyzing the proposals, special consideration will be made if the target company has been the subject of significant controversy stemming from its contributions or political activities, if the company fails to disclose a policy to shareholders that outlines the process by which the company considers its political contributions, or if the company has recently been involved in significant controversy or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or governmental affairs.
• | Support reporting of political and political action committee (PAC) contributions; |
• | Support establishment of corporate political contributions guidelines and internal reporting provisions or controls; |
• | Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals asking to publish in newspapers and public media the company’s political contributions as such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders. |
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Shareholder proposals from church groups and other community organizations ask companies for detailed reports on foreign military sales. These proposals often can be created at reasonable cost to the company and contain no proprietary data. Large companies can supply this information without undue burden and provide shareholders with information affecting corporate performance and decision-making.
• | Generally support reports on foreign military sales and economic conversion of facilities and where such reporting will not disclose sensitive information that could impact the company adversely or increase its legal exposure; |
• | Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking a company to develop specific military contracting criteria. |
Report on Operations in Sensitive Regions or Countries
Over the past decade, a number of public companies — especially within the extractive sector — have withdrawn from geopolitically sensitive regions as a result of being associated with political controversies involving their host countries (i.e. Myanmar, the Sudan, China, Iran, etc.). Oil and natural gas companies, in particular, continue be the largest investors in many countries involved in human rights abuse and terrorist activities. As such, these companies become targets of consumer boycotts, public relations backlash and even governmental intervention.
• | Generally support shareholder proposals to adopt labor standards in connection with involvement in a certain market and other potentially sensitive geopolitical regions; |
• | Generally support shareholder proposals seeking a report on operations within a certain market and documentation of costs of continued involvement in a given country or region; |
• | Generally support requests for establishment of a board committee to review and report on the reputational risks and legal compliance with U.S. sanctions as a result of the company’s continued operations in countries associated with terrorist sponsored activities; |
• | Consider shareholder proposals to pull out of a certain market on a CASE-BY-CASE basis considering factors such as overall cost, FDI exposure, level of disclosure for investors, magnitude of controversy, and the current business focus of the company. |
A number of companies have received proposals to step-up their recycling efforts, with the goal of reducing the company’s negative impact on the environment and reducing costs over the long-term.
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals that ask companies to increase their recycling efforts or to adopt a formal recycling policy. |
II. CLIMATE CHANGE ~ GLOBAL WARMING
Shareholder proposals addressing environmental and energy concerns have been plentiful in recent years, and generally seek greater disclosure on an issue or seek to improve a company’s environmental practices in order to protect the world’s natural resources. In addition, some proponents cite the negative financial implications for companies with poor environmental practices, including liabilities associated with site clean-ups and lawsuits, as well as arguments that energy efficient products and clean environmental practices are sustainable business practices that will contribute to long-term shareholder value. Shareholders say the majority of independent atmospheric scientists agree that global warming poses a serious problem to the health and welfare of all countries, citing the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s most authoritative scientific body on the subject. Shareholder proponents argue that companies can report on their greenhouse gas emissions within a few months at reasonable cost.
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The Kyoto Protocol was officially ratified in November 2004 and requires the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by signatory countries in an effort to lower the global emissions of six key greenhouse gasses and address concerns over climate change. While some Kyoto signatory markets have not yet released the details of their respective regulations for companies, it is clear that there will be some significant financial impact on corporate issuers, especially those that operate in industries profoundly impacted by greenhouse gas emission constraints or regulation. In order to comply with the anticipated standards, companies will have to consider options such as: capital improvement to their facilities to reduce emissions, the cost of “trading” carbon credits on an open market to offset emission overages, or the expense of fines or restrictions resulting from noncompliance.
• | Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports resolutions requesting that companies outline their preparations to comply with standards established by Kyoto Protocol signatory markets, unless: 1) The company does not maintain operations in Kyoto signatory markets; or 2) The company already evaluates and substantially discloses such information to shareholders; or, 3) Greenhouse gas emissions do not materially impact the company’s core businesses. |
Scientists generally agree that gases released by chemical reactions including the burning of fossil fuels contribute to a “greenhouse effect” that traps the planet’s heat. Environmentalists claim that the greenhouse gases produced by the industrial age have caused recent weather crises such as heat waves, rainstorms, melting glaciers, rising sea levels and receding coastlines. With notable exceptions, business leaders have described the rise and fall of global temperatures as naturally occurring phenomena and depicted corporate impact on climate change as minimal.
Shareholder proposals asking a company to issue a report to shareholders — at reasonable cost and omitting proprietary information — on greenhouse gas emissions ask that the report include descriptions of efforts within companies to reduce emissions, their financial exposure and potential liability from operations that contribute to global warming, and their direct or indirect efforts to promote the view that global warming is not a threat. Proponents argue that there is scientific proof that the burning of fossil fuels causes global warming, that future legislation may make companies financially liable for their contributions to global warming, and that a report on the company’s role in global warming can be assembled at reasonable cost.
Investment in Renewable Energy
Filers of proposals on renewable energy ask companies to increase their investment in renewable energy sources and to work to develop products that rely more on renewable energy sources. Increased use of renewable energy will reduce the negative environmental impact of energy companies. In addition, as supplies of oil and coal exist in the earth in limited quantities, renewable energy sources represent a competitive, and some would even argue essential, long-term business strategy.
• | Generally support shareholder proposals seeking increased investment in renewable energy sources, taking into account whether the terms of the resolution are realistic or overly restrictive for management to pursue. |
• | Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for a company to commit to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions under a reasonable timeline. |
Sustainability Reporting and Planning
The concept of sustainability is commonly understood as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Indeed, the term sustainability is
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complex and poses significant challenges for companies on many levels. Many in the investment community have termed this broader responsibility the “triple bottom line,” referring to the triad of performance goals related to economic prosperity, social responsibility and environmental quality. In essence, the concept requires companies to balance the needs and interests of their various stakeholders while operating in a manner that sustains business growth for the long-term, supports local communities and protects the environment and natural capital for future generations.
Reporting and enhanced disclosure addressing sustainable development is important to companies namely because it offers a formal structure for decision making that helps management teams anticipate and address important global trends that can have serious consequences for business and society. Shareholders may request general sustainability reports on a specific location (i.e. drilling in ANWR) or operation (i.e. nuclear facility), often requesting that the company detail the environmental, social, legal and other risks and/or potential liabilities of the specific project in question.
A number of companies have begun to report on sustainability issues using established standards in the marketplace. Such reporting focuses on corporate compliance and measurement regarding key economic, environmental, and social performance indicators. Many best practice companies release annual sustainability reports in conjunction to regular annual statement of operations.
• | Generally support shareholder proposals seeking greater disclosure on the company’s environmental practices, and/or environmental risks and liabilities. |
Endorsement of CERES Principles
These resolutions call for the adoption of principles that encourage the company to protect the environment and the safety and health of its employees. The CERES Principles, formulated by the Coalition of Environmentally Responsible Economies, require signing companies to address environmental issues, including protection of the biosphere, sustainable use of natural resources, reduction and disposal of wastes, energy conservation, and employee and community risk reduction. A signee to the CERES Principles would disclose its efforts in such areas through a standardized report submitted to CERES and made available to the public.
Evidence suggests that environmentally conscious companies may realize long-term savings by implementing programs to pollute less and conserve resources. In addition, environmentally responsible companies stand to benefit from good public relations and new marketing opportunities. Moreover, the reports that are required of signing companies provide shareholders with more information concerning topics they may deem relevant to their company’s financial well-being. Roughly thirty public companies have voluntarily adopted these principles.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports proposals that improve a company’s public image, reduce exposure to liabilities, and establish standards so that environmentally responsible companies and markets are not at a competitive financial disadvantage.
• | Vote FOR requests asking a company to formally adopt the CERES Principles; |
• | Vote FOR adoption of reports to shareholders on environmental issues. |
III. WORKPLACE PRACTICES & HUMAN RIGHTS
These proposals generally request that a company establish a policy of reporting to shareholders its progress with equal opportunity and affirmative action programs. The costs of violating federal laws that prohibit discrimination by corporations are high and can affect corporate earnings.
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The Equal Opportunities Employment Commission (EEOC) does not release the company’s filings to the public unless it is involved in litigation, and it is difficult to obtain from other sources. Companies need to be very sensitive to minority employment issues as the new evolving work force becomes increasingly diverse. This information can be provided with little cost to the company and does not create an unreasonable burden on management.
• | Vote FOR proposals calling for action on equal employment opportunity and anti-discrimination; |
• | Vote FOR legal and regulatory compliance and public reporting related to non-discrimination, affirmative action, workplace health and safety, environmental issues, and labor policies and practices that affect long-term corporate performance; |
• | Vote FOR non-discrimination in salary, wages, and all benefits. |
High-performance workplace practices emphasize employee training, participation, and feedback. The concept of a high-performance workplace has been endorsed by the U.S. Department of Labor and refers to a workplace that is designed to provide workers with the information, skills, incentives, and responsibility to make decisions essential for innovation, quality improvement and rapid response to changes in the marketplace. These standards embrace a “what is good for the worker is good for the company” philosophy. Studies have shown that improvement in human resources practices is associated with increases in total return to shareholders. High-performance workplace standards proposals can include linking compensation to social measures such as employee training, morale and safety, environmental performance and workplace lawsuits.
• | Generally support proposals that incorporate high-performance workplace standards. |
Non-Discrimination in Retirement Benefits
A cash balance plan is a defined benefit plan that treats an earned retirement benefit as if it were a credit from a defined contribution plan, but which provides a stated benefit at the end of its term. Because employer contributions to these plans are credited evenly over the life of a plan and not based on a seniority formula, they may reduce payouts to long-term employees who are currently vested in plans.
Cash-balance pension conversions have undergone significant congressional and federal agency scrutiny in the wake of high-profile EEOC complaints on age discrimination and employee anger at several large blue-chip companies. While significant policy reform is unlikely in the short-term, business interests are worried enough that the National Association of Manufacturers and other pro-business lobbies have formed a coalition on Capitol Hill to preserve the essential features of the plans and to overturn a recent IRS ruling.
Driving the push behind conversions from traditional pension plans to cash-balance plans are the substantial savings that companies generate in the process. Critics point out that this savings is gained at the expense of the most senior employees. Shareholder resolutions call on corporate boards to establish a committee of outside directors to prepare a report to shareholders on the potential impact of pension-related proposals now being considered by national policymakers in reaction to the controversy spawned by the plans.
• | Support proposals calling for a non-discrimination policy with regard to retirement benefits and pension management at a company. |
Fair Lending Reporting and Compliance
These resolutions call for financial institutions to comply with fair lending laws and statutes while avoiding predatory practices in their sub-prime lending. These predatory practices include: lending to borrowers with inadequate income, who will then default; not reporting on payment performances of borrowers to credit agencies; implying that credit life insurance is necessary to obtain the loan (packing); unnecessarily high fees;
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refinancing with high additional fees rather than working out a loan that is in arrears (flipping); and high pre-payment fees.
• | Support proposals calling for full compliance with fair-lending laws; |
• | Support reporting on overall lending policies and data. |
These resolutions call for the adoption of the MacBride Principles for operations located in Northern Ireland. They request companies operating abroad to support the equal employment opportunity policies that apply in facilities they operate domestically. The principles were established to address the sectarian hiring problems between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. It is well documented that Northern Ireland’s Catholic community faces much higher unemployment figures than the Protestant community. In response to this problem, the U.K. government instituted the New Fair Employment Act of 1989 (and subsequent amendments) to address the sectarian hiring problems.
Many companies believe that the Act adequately addresses the problems and that further action, including adoption of the MacBride Principles, only duplicates the efforts already underway. In evaluating a proposal to adopt the MacBride Principles, shareholders must decide whether the principles will cause companies to divest, and therefore worsen the unemployment problem, or whether the principles will promote equal hiring practices. Proponents believe that the Fair Employment Act does not sufficiently address the sectarian hiring problems. They argue that the MacBride Principles will stabilize the situation and promote further investment.
• | Support the MacBride Principles for operations in Northern Ireland that request companies to abide by equal employment opportunity policies. |
These resolutions call for compliance with governmental mandates and corporate policies regarding nondiscrimination, affirmative action, work place safety and health, and other basic labor protections.
We generally support proposals that:
• | Seek publication of a “Worker Code of Conduct” to be implemented by the company’s foreign suppliers and licensees, requiring they satisfy all applicable labor standards and laws protecting employees’ wages, benefits, working conditions, freedom of association, right to collectively bargain, and other rights; |
• | Request a report summarizing the company’s current practices for enforcement of its Worker Code of Conduct; |
• | Establishes independent monitoring mechanism in conjunction with local and respected religious and human rights groups to monitor supplier and licensee compliance with the Worker Code of Conduct; |
• | Create incentives to encourage suppliers to raise standards rather than terminate contracts; |
• | Implement policies for ongoing wage adjustments, ensuring adequate purchasing power and a sustainable living wage for employees of foreign suppliers and licensees; |
• | Request public disclosure of contract supplier reviews on a regular basis; |
• | Adopt labor standards for foreign and domestic suppliers to ensure that the company will not do business with foreign suppliers that manufacture products for sale in the U.S. using forced or child labor, or that fail to comply with applicable laws protecting employees’ wages and working conditions. |
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Corporate Conduct and Labor Code of Conduct
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports proposals that call for the adoption and/or enforcement of clear principles or codes of conduct relating to countries in which there are systematic violations of human rights. These conditions include the use of slave, child, or prison labor, undemocratically elected governments, widespread reports by human rights advocates, fervent pro-democracy protests, or economic sanctions and boycotts.
Many proposals refer to the seven core conventions, commonly referred to as the “Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights At Work,” ratified by the International Labor Organization (ILO). The seven conventions fall under four broad categories: i) right to organize and bargain collectively; ii) non-discrimination in employment; iii) abolition of forced labor; and iv) end of child labor. Each of the 180 member nations of the ILO body are bound to respect and promote these rights to the best of their abilities.
• | Support the principles and codes of conduct relating to company investment and/or operations in countries with patterns of human rights abuses or pertaining to geographic regions experiencing political turmoil (Northern Ireland, Columbia, Burma, former Soviet Union, and China); |
• | Support the implementation and reporting on ILO codes of conduct; |
• | Support independent monitoring programs in conjunction with local and respected religious and human rights groups to monitor supplier and licensee compliance with Codes. |
IV CONSUMER HEALTH & PUBLIC SAFETY
Phase-out or Label Products Containing Genetically Engineered Ingredients
Shareholder activists request companies engaged in the development of genetically modified agricultural products (GMOs) to adopt a policy of not marketing or distributing such products until long term safety testing demonstrates that they are not harmful to humans, animals or the environment. Until further long term testing demonstrates that these products are not harmful, companies in the restaurant, prepared foods and packaging industries are being asked to remove genetically altered ingredients from products they manufacture, distribute or sell, and label such products in the interim. Shareholders are asking supermarket companies to do the same for their own private label brands.
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals to label products that contain genetically engineered products; |
• | Generally vote AGAINST proposals calling for a full phase out of product lines containing GMO ingredients. |
Shareholders file resolutions annually asking that companies with ties to the tobacco industry account for their marketing and distribution strategies, particularly as they impact smoking by young people. While the specific resolutions for shareholder proponents vary from year to year, activist shareholders consistently make the tobacco industry one of their most prominent targets. Examples of tobacco proposals include: attempting to link executive compensation with teen smoking rates; the placement of company tobacco products in retail outlets; the impact of second hand smoke; and a review of advertising campaigns and their impact on children and minority groups.
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking to limit the sale of tobacco products to minors; |
• | Generally vote AGAINST proposals calling for a full phase out of tobacco related product lines. |
Shareholder proposals asking companies to take steps to minimize their emissions of toxic chemicals or release of toxic waster into the environment can vary greatly. Some focus on reporting on the impact of these
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chemicals on the communities in which the company operates. Still others ask for a review of the company’s efforts to minimize pollution.
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals calling on the company to establish a plan reduce toxic emissions. |
The use of toxic chemicals in cosmetics, consumables, and household products has become a growing issue of concern for shareholders as international regulations on this topic continue to expand, providing increased scrutiny over potentially toxic materials or compounds used or emitted in the conduct of operations or as an ingredient in consumer goods. Shareholders must recognize the impact that changing regulation and consumer expectations could have on shareholder value and should encourage companies to disclose their policies regarding the use or emission of toxic chemicals. Specific considerations should be made for a company’s geographic markets and the appearance of historical difficulties with controversy, fines, or litigation, requests for disclosure on the potential financial and legal risk associated with toxic chemicals.
• | Generally support resolutions requesting that a company discloses its policies related to toxic chemicals; |
• | Generally support shareholder resolutions requesting that companies evaluate and disclose the potential financial and legal risks associated with utilizing certain chemicals; |
These resolutions are filed at companies that manage nuclear power facilities or produce components for nuclear reactors to request disclosure on the risks to the company associated with these operations, including physical security and the potential for environmental damage. Current reporting requirements for companies that operate nuclear facilities are managed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and include detailed reports on safety and security that are available to the public.
• | Generally support shareholder resolutions requesting that companies report on risks associated with their nuclear reactor designs and/or the production and interim storage of irradiated fuel rods. |
Concentrated Area Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
The level of pollution resulting from CAFOs has drawn increased attention in recent years as certain legal decisions have established the precedent that a company can be held liable for the actions of the contract farms it sources from. Fines and remediation expenses stemming from these cases have been significant and could have a notable impact on the companies’ operations and shareholder value.
• | Generally support resolutions requesting that companies report to shareholders on the risks and liabilities associated with concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) unless the company has publicly disclosed guidelines for its corporate and contract farming operations, including compliance monitoring or if the company does not directly source from CAFOs. |
Pharmaceutical Product Reimportation
One of the most visible aspects of the legal and political debate over rising health care costs in the United States can be seen through prescription drug reimportation through Canada. While U.S. and Canadian regulations limit reimportation, several states have taken steps to encourage employees to actively seek less expensive medications through reimportation.
Shareholder action at major pharmaceutical companies has requested increased disclosure of the financial and legal risks associated with company policies, or called on companies to change distribution limits to increase product availability in Canada, thereby encouraging product reimportation to the United States. The level of
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public concern over this issue and associated impact that a poorly developed policy could have on the companies suggest that additional disclosure of company policies related to reimportation could be beneficial to shareholders and generally merits support.
• | Generally support shareholder proposals requesting that companies report on the financial and legal impact of their policies regarding prescription drug reimportation, unless such information is already publicly disclosed. |
• | Generally support shareholder proposals requesting that companies adopt specific policies to encourage or not constrain prescription drug reimportation. |
Pharmaceutical Product Pricing
Pharmaceutical drug pricing, both within the United States and internationally, has raised many questions of the companies that are responsible for creating and marketing these treatments. Shareholder proponents, activists and even some legislators have called upon drug companies to restrain pricing of prescription drugs.
The high cost of prescription drugs is a vital issue for senior citizens across the country. Seniors have the greatest need for prescription drugs, accounting for about one-third of all prescription drug sales, but they often live on fixed incomes and are underinsured. Today about 20 million elderly people have little or no drug coverage in the U.S. In addition, the uninsured and underinsured pay substantially more for drugs than manufacturers favored customers such as HMOs and Federal agencies.
Proponents note that efforts to reign-in pharmaceutical costs will not negatively impact research and development (R&D) costs and that retail drug prices are consistently higher in the U.S. than in other industrialized nations. Pharmaceutical companies often respond that adopting a formal drug pricing policy could put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Against the backdrop of the AIDS crisis in Africa, many shareholders have called on companies to address the issue of affordable drugs for the treatment of AIDS, as well as TB and Malaria throughout the developing world. When analyzing such resolutions, consideration should be made of the strategic implications of pricing policies in the market.
• | Proposals asking a company to implement price restraints on its pharmaceutical products will be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into account the following factors: |
• | Whether the proposal focuses on a specific drug and region; |
• | Whether the economic benefits of providing subsidized drugs (e.g., public goodwill) outweigh the costs in terms of reduced profits, lower R&D spending, and harm to competitiveness; |
• | The extent that reduced prices can be offset through the company’s marketing expenditures without significantly impacting R&D spending; |
• | Whether the company already limits price increases of its products; |
• | Whether the company already contributes life-saving pharmaceuticals to the needy and Third World countries; |
• | The extent to which peer companies implement price restraints. |
• | Generally support proposals requesting that companies implement specific price restraints for its pharmaceutical products in developing markets or targeting certain population groups. |
• | Generally support proposals requesting that the company evaluate their global product pricing strategy, considering the existing level of disclosure on pricing policies, any deviation from established industry pricing norms, and the company’s existing philanthropic initiatives. |
• | Vote FOR shareholder proposals that call on companies to develop a policy to provide affordable HIV, AIDS, TB and Malaria drugs to citizens in the developing world. |
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2010 Taft-Hartley International Proxy Voting Guidelines
January 2010
Copyright © 2010 by RiskMetrics Group.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing Department, One Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a trademark used herein under license.
Risk Management | RiskMetrics Labs | ISS Governance Services | Financial Research & Analysis
www.riskmetrics.com
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TAFT-HARTLEY ADVISORY SERVICES
PROXY VOTING POLICY STATEMENT AND GUIDELINES
This statement sets forth the proxy voting policy of RiskMetrics’ Taft-Hartley Advisory Services. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote the proxies of its clients solely in the interest of their participants and beneficiaries and for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to them. The interests of participants and beneficiaries will not be subordinated to unrelated objectives. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall act with the care, skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims. When proxies due to Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ clients have not been received, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will make reasonable efforts to obtain missing proxies. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is not responsible for voting proxies it does not receive.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall analyze each proxy on a case-by-case basis, informed by the guidelines elaborated below, subject to the requirement that all votes shall be cast solely in the long-term interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plans. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services does not intend for these guidelines to be exhaustive. Hundreds of issues appear on proxy ballots every year, and it is neither practical nor productive to fashion voting guidelines and policies which attempt to address every eventuality. Rather, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ guidelines are intended to cover the most significant and frequent proxy issues that arise across international markets. Issues not covered by the guidelines shall be voted in the interest of plan participants and beneficiaries of the plan based on a worker-owner view of long-term corporate value. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall revise its guidelines as events warrant.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall report annually to its clients on proxy votes cast on their behalf. These proxy voting reports will demonstrate Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ compliance with its responsibilities and will facilitate clients’ monitoring of Taft-Hartley Advisory Services. A copy of this Proxy Voting Policy Statement and Guidelines is provided to each client at the time Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is retained. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall provide its clients with revised copies of this proxy voting policy statement and guidelines whenever significant revisions have been made.
FINANCIAL RESULTS/DIRECTOR AND AUDITOR REPORTS
Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:
• | There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or |
• | The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed. |
• | The company failed to disclose the financial reports in a timely manner. |
Discussion
Most companies around the world submit these reports to shareholders for approval, and this is one of the first items on most agendas. The official financial statements and director and auditor reports are valuable documents when evaluating a company’s annual performance. The director report usually includes a review of the company’s performance during the year, justification of dividend levels and profits or losses, special events such as acquisitions or disposals, and future plans for the company.
The auditor report discloses any irregularities or problems with the company’s finances. While a qualified report by itself is not sufficient reason to oppose this resolution, it raises cautionary flags of which shareholders should be aware. Most auditor reports are unqualified, meaning that in the auditor’s opinion, the company’s financial statements are made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
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When evaluating a company’s financial statements, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services looks at debt/equity levels on the balance sheet, historical sales and earnings performance, dividend history and payout ratios, and the company’s own performance relative to similar companies in its industry. Unless there are major concerns about the accuracy of the financial statements or the director or auditor reports, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally approves of this item.
APPOINTMENT OF AUDITORS AND AUDITOR COMPENSATION
Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:
• | There are serious concerns about the procedures used by the auditor; |
• | There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion, which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position; |
• | External auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company; |
• | Name of the proposed auditors has not been published; |
• | The breakdown of audit or non-audit fees is not disclosed or provided in a timely manner (in markets where such information is routinely available); |
• | The auditors are being changed without explanation; or |
• | Fees for non-audit/consulting services exceed a quarter of total fees paid to the auditor.* |
Vote AGAINST auditor remuneration proposals if a company’s non-audit fees are excessive and auditor remuneration is presented as a separate voting item.
In circumstances where fees for non-audit services include fees related to significant one-time capital structure events: initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergencies, and spin-offs; and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit fees.
*In the UK, the level of non-audit fees is calculated as non-audit fees over audit fees, which results in higher level of non-audit fees. As such, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services uses a 50% non-audit fee benchmark in this market to determine if non-audit fees are excessive. If non-audit fees exceed 100% of audit fees, then Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote oppose both the auditor and election of audit committee members.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will apply its U.S. policy at U.S. firms incorporated in offshore tax and governance havens that do not qualify for disclosure exemptions, and vote against the reelection of auditors where auditor tenure exceeds seven years.
Discussion
Most major companies around the world use one of the major international auditing firms to conduct their audits. As such, concerns about the quality and objectivity of the audit are minimal, and the reappointment of the auditor is usually viewed as a routine matter. Audit fees tend to be highly competitive and vary little between companies. However, if a company proposes a new auditor or an auditor resigns and does not seek reelection, companies should offer an explanation to shareholders. If shareholders request an explanation for a change in auditor and the company or retiring auditor fails to provide one, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against the election of a new auditor. If an explanation is otherwise unavailable, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against this item.
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Many countries also require the appointment of censors, or special auditors who ensure that the board and management are in compliance with the company’s articles. The censors’ role is purely advisory in nature. Proposals to appoint censors are routine, as the censors usually act as a secondary auditor for special audit requirements.
The practice of auditors contributing non-audit services to companies is problematic, as illuminated by the accounting scandals around the world. When an auditor is paid more in consulting fees than for auditing, the company/auditor relationship is left open to conflicts of interest. Because accounting scandals evaporate shareholder value, any proposal to ratify auditors is examined for potential conflicts of interest, with particular attention to the fees paid to the auditor. When fees from non-audit services become significant without any clear safeguards against conflicts of interest, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose the auditor’s reappointment.
APPOINTMENT OF INTERNAL STATUTORY AUDITORS
Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:
• | There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used; |
• | Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or |
• | The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company. |
Discussion
The appointment of internal statutory auditors is a routine request for companies in Latin America, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Japan, and Russia. The statutory auditing board is usually composed of three to five members, including a group chairman and two alternate members, all of whom are expected to be independent. In addition to the regular duty of verifying corporate accounts, the auditor board is responsible for supervising management and ensuring compliance with the law and articles of association. The auditors must perform an audit of the accounts every three months and present to shareholders a report on the balance sheet at the AGM. For most countries, the auditors are elected annually and may seek reelection. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the appointment of statutory auditors unless there are serious concerns about the reports presented or questions about an auditor’s qualifications.
Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:
• | The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or |
• | The payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. |
Discussion
Many countries require shareholders to approve the allocation of income generated during the year. These proposals usually, but not always, contain an allocation to dividends. When determining the acceptability of this proposal, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services focuses primarily on the payout ratio. Payouts of less than 30 percent or more than 100 percent are a trigger for further analysis. The minimum level of 30 percent is based on a review of international practice. Payouts of more than 100 percent are a signal that the company is dipping into reserves to make the payment.
Further analysis of payout ratios should include the following: an examination of historical payouts to determine if there is a long-term pattern of low payouts; exceptional events that may have artificially modified earnings for the year; the condition of a company’s balance sheet; comparisons with similar companies both domestically and internationally; and the classification of the company as growth or mature.
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Justifications for extreme payouts must be reviewed carefully. If the company has an adequate explanation for a certain payout, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the income allocation as proposed. However, if a company has a pattern of low payouts, fails to adequately justify the retention of capital, and is not experiencing above-average growth, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose the proposal. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will also vote against the payout if a company appears to be maintaining an excessive payout that may affect its long-term health.
Although dividend payouts are still the predominant form of distribution of capital to shareholders, share buybacks have become more popular in some markets, such as Denmark. In these cases, companies have introduced policies to return capital to shareholders by way of share repurchases instead of through the payment of dividends. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services votes on proposals to omit the payment of a dividend in favor of a share buyback on a case-by-case basis by looking at factors such as whether repurchased shares will be cancelled or may be reissued, tax consequences for shareholders, liquidity of the shares, share price movements and the solvency ratio of the company.
STOCK (SCRIP) DIVIDEND ALTERNATIVE AND DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLANS
Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.
Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
Discussion
Stock dividend alternatives, also referred to in some markets as “scrip” dividend alternatives or dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPS), offer shareholders the option of receiving their dividend payment in the form of fully paid ordinary shares and are common proposals worldwide. While dividend payments in the form of shares in lieu of cash do not immediately add to shareholder value, they allow companies to retain cash and to strengthen the position and commitment of long-term shareholders. While Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is generally supportive of such plans, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes stock dividend proposals that do not allow a cash option unless management shows that the cash outflow is detrimental to the company’s health and to long-term shareholder value.
AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
Votes on amendments to the articles of association are considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Requests to amend a company’s articles of association are usually motivated by changes in the company’s legal and regulatory environment, although evolution of general business practice can also prompt amendments to articles. Such proposals are especially common whenever stock exchange listing rules are revised, new legislation is passed, or a court case exposes the need to close loopholes.
Amendments to articles range from minor spelling changes to the adoption of an entirely new set of articles. While the majority of such requests are of a technical and administrative nature, minor changes in wording can have a significant impact on corporate governance. As such, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services carefully scrutinizes any changes to a company’s articles.
From a company’s perspective, it is often more efficient to adopt a new set of articles than to introduce numerous amendments. However, bundling changes that treat different provisions of the articles into one voting item prevents shareholders from separating items of concern from routine changes. By leaving a shareholder with an all-or-nothing choice, bundling allows companies to include negative provisions along with positive or neutral changes.
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When reviewing new or revised articles, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services classifies each change according to its potential impact on shareholder value and then weighs the package as a whole. The presence of one strongly negative change may warrant a recommendation against the resolution. In assigning these classifications, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is not concerned with the nature of the article being amended, but rather focuses on whether the proposed change improves or worsens the existing provision.
The final criterion on which Taft-Hartley Advisory Services bases its decision is whether failure to pass a resolution would cause an immediate loss of shareholder value. In such cases, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports even a bundled resolution that includes negative changes.
Vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its annual general meeting (AGM).
Discussion
Companies routinely seek shareholder approval to change their fiscal year end. This is a decision best left to management. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes this resolution only if the company is changing its year-end to postpone its AGM. Most countries require companies to hold their AGM within a certain period of time after the close of the fiscal year. If a company is embroiled in a controversy, it might seek approval to amend its fiscal year end at an EGM to avoid controversial issues at an AGM. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes the change in year-end in these cases.
LOWER DISCLOSURE THRESHOLD FOR STOCK OWNERSHIP
Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.
Discussion
Required shareholder disclosure levels vary around the world. Some countries, such as Canada, require the disclosure of any stakes ten percent or higher, while other countries require lower disclosure levels. For example, the United Kingdom requires disclosure of stakes of three percent or greater. In some countries, shareholders may be asked from time to time to reduce the disclosure requirement at a specific company. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will support such initiatives as they encourage greater disclosure by the company’s largest shareholders. However, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote AGAINST reductions that are unduly restrictive or could act as a pretext for an antitakeover device.
Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.
Discussion
This item provides a forum for questions and any other resolutions that may be brought up at the meeting. In most countries this item is a non-voting formality (not requiring a shareholder vote), but companies in certain countries do include other business as a voting item. Because shareholders who vote by proxy cannot know what issues will be raised under this item, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services cannot approve this request when asked for a vote. While Taft-Hartley Advisory Services recognizes that in most cases this item is a formality or includes discussion that will have no impact on shareholders, shareholders cannot risk the negative consequences of voting in advance on an item for which information has not been disclosed.
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DIRECTOR AND SUPERVISORY BOARD MEMBER ELECTIONS
Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:
• | Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner; |
• | There are clear concerns about the past performance of the company or the board, including; |
• | Questionable finances or restatements |
• | Questionable transactions with conflicts of interest |
• | The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards; |
• | There is a lack of independence on the board and/or its key committees; |
• | There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; |
• | The board takes actions that are not in shareholders’ best interests (excessive executive compensation, adopting antitakeover devices, failure to respond to shareholder concerns/wishes, or demonstrating a “lack of duty or care”); or |
• | The board has been insensitive to labor interests, human rights, supplier codes of conduct, or has engaged in other corporate activities that affect the reputation of the company in the global market. |
Generally vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives.
Votes AGAINST/WITHHOLD votes on individual nominees, key committee members or the entire board can be triggered by one or more of the following concerns:
• | Lack of a majority independent board; |
• | Attendance of director nominees at board meetings of less than 75 percent without valid reason or explanation; |
• | Lack of full independence on key board committees (i.e. audit, compensation, and nominating committees); |
• | Failure to establish any key board committees (i.e. audit, compensation, or nominating) including where the board serves in the capacity of a key committee, and where there is insufficient information to determine whether key committees exist, who the committee members are, or whether the committee members are independent; |
• | Presence of a non-independent board chairman; |
• | Directors serving on an excessive number of other boards which could compromise their primary duties. In markets where the number of board appointments is routinely available, an excessive number of boards is defined as; |
• | For non-executive directors, more than five total non-executive directorships. |
• | For executive directors, i) more than three total non-executive directorships; or ii) other executive or board chair positions. |
• | For board chairs, i) more than four total non-executive directorships; or ii) more than two board chair positions; or iii) other executive positions. |
• | The names of nominees are unavailable or not provided in a timely manner (in markets where this information is routinely available); |
• | Director terms are not disclosed exceed market norms; |
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• | Egregious actions including; |
• | Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company |
• | Failure to replace management as appropriate |
• | Egregious actions related to the director(s)’ service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company. |
For bundled director elections, vote AGAINST the entire slate if any of the concerns above apply to a particular nominee.
Discussion
Most countries around the world maintain an Anglo-Saxon board structure, as seen in the United States, in which executive and nonexecutive directors are organized into a single board. However, companies in a number of countries maintain two-tiered board structures, comprising a supervisory board of nonexecutive directors and a management board with executive directors. The supervisory board oversees the actions of the management board, while the management board is responsible for the company’s daily operations. Companies with two-tiered boards elect members to the supervisory board only; management board members are appointed by the supervisory board.
Depending on the country, shareholders will be asked to either elect directors or supervisory board members at annual meetings. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services considers director/supervisory board elections to be one of the most important voting decisions that shareholders make, especially because shareholders are only given the opportunity to review their companies’ operations once a year at the AGM. Thus, if detailed information on boards or nominees is available, analysis to the highest degree possible is warranted. Directors and supervisory board members function as the representatives of shareholders and stakeholders throughout the year and are therefore, a crucial avenue of ongoing influence on management.
Levels of disclosure regarding directors vary widely. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, companies publish detailed information such as director biographies, share ownership, and related information that aids shareholders in determining the level of director independence. In these cases, we apply standards of board and key board committee independence. In many other countries, the only information available on directors is their names, while still other countries disclose no information at all. In low-disclosure markets where sufficiently detailed information about directors is unavailable, it could be counterproductive to vote against directors on the basis of a lack of information. Opposition to specific nominees or boards should be supported by specific problems or concerns.
While Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the annual election of directors, boards in many countries are divided into two or more classes that are elected on a staggered basis. This system of classified boards is common across the world. Only Canadian companies routinely elect the entire board on an annual basis, but even in Canada companies may classify their board if an appropriate amendment is made to the articles. In certain countries, executive directors may be appointed for terms of up to six years, and a company’s articles may give executive directors protected board seats under which they are not subject to shareholder election. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes directors should stand for reelection annually and be accountable to shareholders on an annual basis, and opposes article amendment proposals seeking extensions of director terms. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also opposes protected board seats and preferential treatment of executive directors. In some countries the trend is moving toward limiting terms for directors. In The Netherlands, the corporate governance code recommends that management and supervisory board members be subject to maximum four-year terms. Although we recognize that four-year terms maybe the standard in the some markets, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose the election of new directors or the reelection of an existing director when their terms are not disclosed or where their term lengths exceed market norms.
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When reviewing director election proposals (where possible given information disclosure), Taft-Hartley Advisory Services examines board composition, company performance, and any negative views or information on either the company or individual directors. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services determines the number of executive and independent directors on the board, the existence and composition of board committees, and the independence of the chairman. An independent director is one whose only significant relationship with the company is through its board seat. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services defines members of supervisory boards, which represent organized workers’ interests, as independent. In cases where board composition is of concern, the company’s general health and its recent financial performance may play a part in the evaluation of directors. Individual director information is also considered, including share ownership among director nominees. In markets where board independence composition information is routinely available, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally oppose all non-independent director nominees if the board is not at least 50 percent (majority) independent. For U.S. firms incorporated in offshore tax or governance havens that do not qualify for disclosure exemptions, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will apply its U.S. policy and vote against non-independent director nominees if the board is not two-thirds majority independent or where key board committees are not completely independent.
While complete independence on board committees is widely recognized as best practice, there are some markets in which it is still common to find executive directors serving as committee members. Whenever the level of disclosure is adequate to determine whether a committee includes company insiders, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote against these executive directors.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also takes into account the attendance records of directors when such information is provided to shareholders, using a benchmark attendance rate of 75 percent of board meetings. If an individual director fails to attend at least 75 percent of board meetings, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services makes further inquiries to the company regarding the absences. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against/withhold votes from the director unless the company has provided a reasonable explanation for the absences. International companies tend to have directors who reside in other countries on their boards, making attendance difficult. While Taft-Hartley Advisory Services understands the difficulties imposed on such directors, failing to attend meetings prevents directors from fulfilling their fiduciary obligations and adequately representing shareholder interests. Other business obligations and conflicting travel schedules are not acceptable reasons for consistently poor attendance records. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the use of teleconferencing and videoconferencing to cope with the increasing time and travel demands faced by directors in global business.
For shareholder nominees, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services places the persuasive burden on the nominee or the proposing shareholder to prove that they are better suited to serve on the board than management’s nominees. Serious consideration of shareholder nominees will be given in cases where there are clear and compelling reasons for the nominee to join the board. These nominees must also demonstrate a clear ability to contribute positively to board deliberations; some nominees may have hidden or narrow agendas and may unnecessarily contribute to divisiveness among directors.
In many countries it is customary to elect a single slate of directors. We do not approve of this practice because shareholders may wish to express differing views as to the suitability of the director nominees and should have the ability to cast ballots with respect to individuals rather than the entire slate. Given improving best practice in more sophisticated markets, which are moving away from single slate director election items, we will generally oppose director nominees if their election is not presented to shareholders as an individual item in these markets, and will oppose slate nominees in markets where the practice is prevalent and there are concerns with a particular director nominee up for election.
In recent years, the concept that directors should not serve on an excessive number of boards has gained more support as a legitimate governance concern. A common view among many investors is that a director will not be an effective monitor on any board if he/she serves on numerous boards. In markets where disclosure is sufficient (such as detailed director biographies which include information on the director’s role on the board and
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other external appointments both in the local market and abroad), and markets permit individual election of directors, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against a candidate when he/she holds an excessive number of board appointments. Executive directors are expected not to hold other executive or chairmanship positions. They may, however, hold up to two other non-executive directorships. Chairmen are expected not to hold other executive positions or more than one other chairmanship position. They may, however, hold up to three other non-executive directorships. NEDs who do not hold executive or chairmanship positions may hold up to four other non-executive directorships. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will take into account board positions held in global publicly-listed companies. An adverse vote will not be applied to a director within a company where he/she serves as CEO or chair; instead, any negative votes will be applied to his/her additional seats on other company boards.
Director accountability and competence have become issues of prime importance given the failings in oversight exposed by the global financial crisis. There is also concern over the environment in the boardrooms of certain markets, where past failures appear to be no impediment to continued or new appointments at major companies and may not be part of the evaluation process at companies in considering whether an individual is, or continues to be, fit for the role and best able to serve shareholders’ interests. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will consider a potential negative vote at the board, committee, or individual level, if a director has had significant involvement with a failed company, or has in the past appeared not to have acted in the best interests of all shareholders, and/or where substantial doubts have been raised about a director’s ability to serve as an effective monitor of management and in shareholders’ best interests including consideration of past performance on other boards.
For contested elections of directors (e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors) Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the factors below in determining which directors are best suited to add value for shareholders:
• | Company performance relative to its peers; |
• | Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents; |
• | Independence of directors/nominees; |
• | Experience and skills of board candidates and their ability to contribute positively to board deliberations and overall board performance; |
• | Governance profile of the company; |
• | Evidence of management entrenchment; |
• | Responsiveness to shareholders; |
• | Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed; |
• | Whether minority or majority representation is being sought. |
When analyzing a contested election of directors, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally focuses on two central questions: (1) Have the dissidents proved that board change is warranted? And (2) if so, are the dissident board nominees likely to effect positive change? (i.e., maximize long-term shareholder value)
Discussion
Once fairly infrequent, contested elections, (also referred to as proxy contests) have become increasingly common in recent years as large shareholders, frustrated by poor returns and unresponsive boards, have sought to challenge the status quo. Even when dissidents do not achieve board seats, studies indicate that at least some of their objectives are often achieved because the response to a proxy contest, or one that was narrowly averted,
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usually includes new strategic initiatives, a restructuring program, governance changes, or selected management changes. Based on these considerations, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ framework for the evaluation of contested elections has the ultimate the goal of increasing long-term value for shareholders.
Vote FOR proposals to award director fees unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for nonexecutive directors.
Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Director fees in most countries are not controversial. Fees for nonexecutive directors have been rising in recent years, as such directors around the world are being asked to take on more responsibility for company affairs. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports increases in director fees unless they are excessive relative to fees paid by other companies in the same country or industry. The primary focus of Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ evaluation is on fees paid to nonexecutive directors or fees paid to all directors, separate from the salaries of executive directors. In many countries, only an aggregate amount payable to nonexecutives or to all directors is disclosed.
Retirement benefits for nonexecutive directors are inappropriate, as they increase the directors’ financial reliance on the company and could call into question the objectivity of their decision-making. In addition, most directors have served as senior executives of other companies, and adequate retirement benefits should be provided through these companies. The only caveat to this policy would be for professional nonexecutive directors such as those found in the United Kingdom. However, requests for such benefits in the United Kingdom are rare, and the appropriateness of using shareholder funds in this manner is questionable.
DISCHARGE OF BOARD AND MANAGEMENT
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the discharge of the board and management:
Vote AGAINST the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board, if there is reliable information about significant and compelling controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties warranted by:
• | A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company interest rather than in shareholder interest; or |
• | Any legal issues (e.g. civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be confirmed (and not only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions; or |
• | Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the company or its directors. |
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For markets which do not routinely request discharge resolutions (e.g. common law countries or markets where discharge is not mandatory), Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may express its concern with the board in other appropriate agenda items, such as approval of the annual accounts or other relevant resolutions to express discontent with the board.
Discussion
The annual formal discharge of board and management represents shareholder approval of actions taken during the year. Discharge is a tacit vote of confidence in the company’s management and policies. It does not necessarily eliminate the possibility of future shareholder action, although it does make such action more difficult to pursue. Meeting agendas normally list proposals to discharge both the board and management as one agenda item.
This is a routine item in many countries, and discharge is generally granted unless a shareholder states a specific reason for withholding discharge and plans to undertake legal action. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will withhold discharge when there are serious questions about actions of the board or management for the year in question or legal action is being taken against the board by other shareholders. Withholding discharge is a serious matter and is advisable only when a shareholder has concrete evidence of negligence or abuse on the part of the board or management, has plans to take legal action, or has knowledge of other shareholders’ plans to take legal action.
If evidence suggests that one or more board or management members are responsible for problems such as fraud or grave mismanagement, shareholders can withhold discharge from these individuals and pursue further legal action. Poor performance that can be directly linked to flagrant error or neglect on the part of the board or management, or board actions that are detrimental to shareholders’ interests, may also constitute grounds for voting against discharge.
If shareholders approve discharge of the board and management, they may face a greater challenge if they subsequently decide to pursue legal action against these parties. Shareholders would be required to prove that management or the board did not supply correct and complete information regarding the matter in question.
DIRECTOR AND OFFICER LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION, AND AUDITOR INDEMNIFICATION
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers.
Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.
Discussion
Management proposals typically seek shareholder approval to adopt an amendment to the company’s charter to eliminate or limit the personal liability of directors to the company and its shareholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty to the fullest extent permitted by law. In contrast, shareholder proposals seek to provide for personal monetary liability for fiduciary breaches arising from gross negligence. While Taft-Hartley Advisory Services recognizes that a company may have a more difficult time attracting and retaining directors if they are subject to personal monetary liability, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes the great responsibility and authority of directors justifies holding them accountable for their actions. Each proposal addressing director liability will be evaluated consistent with this philosophy. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may support these proposals when the company persuasively argues that such action is necessary to attract and retain directors, but Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may often oppose management proposals and support shareholder proposals in light of our philosophy of promoting director accountability.
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Specifically, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose management proposals that limit a director’s liability for (i) a breach of the duty of loyalty, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct or knowing violations of the law, (iii) acts involving the unlawful purchases or redemptions of stock, (iv) the payment of unlawful dividends, or (v) the receipt of improper personal benefits. In addition, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally oppose proposals to reduce or eliminate directors’ personal liability when litigation is pending against current board members.
By indemnifying its directors and officers, a company promises to reimburse them for certain legal expenses, damages, and judgments incurred as a result of lawsuits relating to their corporate actions, thereby effectively becoming the insurer for its officers and directors (the company usually purchases insurance to cover its own risk). Proposals to indemnify a company’s directors differ from those to eliminate or reduce their liability because with indemnification directors may still be liable for an act or omission, but the company will bear the expense.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote in favor of indemnification proposals that contain provisions limiting such insurance to acts carried out on behalf of the company. The directors covered under the indemnification must be acting in good faith on company business and must be found innocent of any civil or criminal charges for duties performed on behalf of the company. Additionally, the company may persuasively argue that such action is necessary to attract and retain directors, but we will oppose indemnification when it is being proposed to insulate directors from actions they have already taken.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes providing indemnity insurance to auditors. These payments call into question the objectivity of the auditor in carrying out the audit, as the fees paid on its behalf could be greater than the audit fees alone. Eliminating concerns about being sued for carelessness could also lead to a decrease in the quality of the audit. Given the substantial settlements against auditors in recent years for poor audit practices, the cost of such insurance to the company and its shareholders is unwarranted.
Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.
Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.
Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.
Discussion
Resolutions relating to board structures range from fixing the number of directors or establishing a minimum or maximum number of directors to introducing classified boards and director term limits.
Proposals to fix board size are common and are routinely approved. Proposals to establish a range of board size are also frequent; a range of two or three open slots relative to the existing board size is reasonable, as it gives the company some flexibility to attract potentially valuable board members during the year. Latitude beyond this range is inappropriate, however, because companies can use this freedom to hinder unwanted influence from potential acquirers or large shareholders.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers that all directors stand for reelection every year. All directors should be accountable to shareholders on an annual basis, as the ability to elect directors is the single most important use of the shareholder franchise.
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While classified boards are the norm in most countries, some companies have chosen to place their directors up for annual election. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports initiatives to declassify boards and opposes proposals to classify previously unstaggered boards. Classifying the board makes it more difficult to effect a change of control through a proxy contest; because only a minority of the directors are elected each year, a dissident shareholder would be unable to win control of the board in a single election.
Introduction of Mandatory Age of Retirement
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that age should not be the sole factor in determining a director’s value to a company. Rather, each director’s performance should be evaluated on the basis of their individual contribution and experience.
Companies may attempt to increase board size in order to add related or like-minded directors to the board. Conversely, establishing a minimum number of directors could make it easier to remove independent directors from the board. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services considers these proposals on a case-by-case basis.
All proposals to alter board size during a proxy fight or other possible contests for control should be opposed. Allowing directors to alter the terms of a contest while it is underway is not in shareholders’ interests, as this tactic could be used to thwart a takeover that is in shareholders’ interests.
Companies have one of two main types of capital systems: authorized and conditional. Both systems provide companies with the means to finance business activities, but they are considerably different in structure. Which system is used by a company is determined by the economic and legal structure of the market in which it operates.
The authorized capital system sets a limit in a company’s articles on the total number of shares that can be issued by the company’s board. The system allows companies to issue shares from this preapproved limit, although in many markets shareholder approval must be obtained prior to an issuance. Companies also request shareholder approval for increases in authorization when the amount of shares contained in the articles is inadequate for issuance authorities. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews proposals for such increases based on the following criteria: the history of issuance requests; the size of the request; the purpose of the issuance (general or specific) associated with the increase in authorization; and the status of preemptive rights (see pol.19 and pol.21).
Under the conditional capital system, companies seek authorizations for pools of capital with fixed periods of availability. For example, if a company seeks to establish a pool of capital for general issuance purposes, it requests the creation of a certain number of shares with or without preemptive rights, issuable piecemeal at the discretion of the board for a fixed period of time. Shares unissued after the fixed time period lapse. This type of authority would be used to carry out a general rights issue or small issuances without preemptive rights.
Requests for a specific issuance authority are tied to a specific transaction or purpose, such as an acquisition or the servicing of convertible securities. Such authorities cannot be used for any purpose other than that specified in the authorization. In this case, a company requests the creation of a certain number of shares with or without preemptive rights, issuable as needed for the specific purpose requested. This pool of conditional capital also carries a fixed expiration date.
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In reviewing these proposals, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services takes into consideration the existence of pools of capital from previous years. Because most capital authorizations are for several years, new requests may be made on top of the existing pool of capital. While most requests contain a provision to eliminate earlier pools and replace them with the current request, this is not always the case. Thus, if existing pools of capital are being left in place, the aggregate potential dilution amount from all capital should be considered.
Vote FOR general issuance requests with preemptive rights up to 50 percent of issued capital;
Vote FOR general issuance requests without preemptive rights up to 10 percent of issue capital; and
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis specific issuance requests with or without preemptive rights up to any amount depending on the purpose for the issuance.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis those issuance requests that exceed one-year periods.
General issuance requests under both authorized and conditional capital systems allow companies to issue shares to raise funds for general financing purposes. Approval of such requests gives companies sufficient flexibility to carry out ordinary business activities without having to bear the expense of calling shareholder meetings for every issuance.
Issuances can be carried out with or without preemptive rights. Preemptive rights permit shareholders to share proportionately in any new issuances of stock. These rights guarantee existing shareholders the first opportunity to purchase shares of new issuances of stock in the class they own in an amount equal to the percentage of the class they already own. Corporate law in many countries recognizes preemptive rights and requires shareholder approval for the disapplication of such rights.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that the ability to increase share capital by 50 percent through a rights issue (with preemptive rights) provides the company with sufficient financing to meet most contingencies. Rights issues for general capital needs of less than 50 percent of outstanding capital warrant shareholder approval. Issuance authorities of more than 50 percent can lead to excessive cash calls on shareholders, requiring them to provide the funds necessary to maintain their relative positions in the company or to accept substantial dilution.
In some cases, companies may need the ability to raise funds for routine business contingencies without the expense of carrying out a rights issue. Such contingencies could include the servicing of option plans, small acquisitions, or payment for services. When companies make issuance requests without preemptive rights, shareholders suffer dilution as a result of such issuances. Therefore, authorizations should be limited to a fixed number of shares or a percentage of capital at the time of issuance. While conventions regarding this type of authority vary widely among countries, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services routinely approves issuance requests without preemptive rights for up to ten percent of a company’s outstanding capital.
In certain markets, issuance requests are made for several years. This is often the case in France, Germany and Spain. In these situations, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will consider the per annum dilution equivalent as well as consider whether or not the authority can be renewed before the lapse of the specified period. Whenever possible, we will monitor actual share issuances to assure that the company is not abusing the privilege.
Specific issuance requests should be judged on their individual merits. For example, a company may request the issuance of shares for an acquisition in the form of a rights issue to raise funds for a cash payment, or else a
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company could request an issuance without preemptive rights for use in a share-based acquisition or issuance to a third party. Such a request could be of any size, and Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally support the request as long as the proposal is sound. A more routine request would be an authority to issue shares without preemptive rights for issuance as needed upon conversion of convertible securities or to service a share option plan. These shares can only be used for the purpose defined in the resolution.
INCREASES IN AUTHORIZED CAPITAL
Vote FOR nonspecific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 50 percent over the current authorization.
Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount unless the specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ guidelines for the purpose being proposed.
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.
Discussion
Increases in authorized capital are requested both for general financing flexibility and to provide for a specific purpose. Companies need an adequate buffer of unissued capital in order to take advantage of opportunities during the year, and thus they often request increases in authorized capital for no specific purpose other than to retain this flexibility. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that approving such requests is reasonable.
An increase of 50 percent over the existing authorization gives the company sufficient flexibility in any given year but also limits the company’s ability to abuse this privilege. If a company wishes to issue shares for any unforeseen reason during the year that would double (or possibly triple) outstanding share capital, an EGM to seek shareholder approval is justified.
Another important consideration is the status of preemptive rights. Not all countries recognize shareholders’ preemptive rights, and excessive authorizations could lead to substantial dilution for existing shareholders. When preemptive rights are not guaranteed, companies do not need shareholder approval for share issuances as long as the issuance does not result in an increase above the authorized capital limit.
For specific requests, increases in capital up to any size may be justified if the purpose of the new authorization is in shareholders’ interests. Such increases may be needed to fund a variety of corporate activities, and thus each proposal must be reviewed on its individual merits.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against proposals seeking to increase authorized capital to an unlimited number of shares. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services does not believe that companies need unlimited financial flexibility to transact ordinary business because such an arrangement precludes management from periodically consulting shareholders for new capital. Unlimited authorizations may also be used as antitakeover devices, and they have the potential for substantial voting and earnings dilution. As such, they are not in shareholders’ best interests.
Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructurings.
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Discussion
Proposals to reduce capital are usually the result of a significant corporate restructuring in the face of bankruptcy. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports such proposals because opposition could lead to insolvency, which is not in shareholders’ interests. Evaluation of this type of proposal should take a realistic approach to the company’s situation.
Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one share, one vote capital structure.
Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super-voting shares.
Discussion
A key decision for any business is determining its capital structure. When timed correctly, sophisticated capital management — finding the right mix of equity, long-term debt, and short-term financing — can enhance shareholder returns. This process involves coordination of important issues, including dividend policy, tax and interest rates, types of assets, opportunities for growth, ability to finance new projects internally, and cost of obtaining additional capital.
These decisions are best left to a company’s board and senior management, who should be given the latitude to determine the company’s capital structure. However, shareholders should be aware that many financing decisions could have an adverse effect on shareholder returns. For example, additional equity financing may reduce an existing shareholder’s ownership interest and can dilute the value of the investment. Some capital requests can be used as takeover defenses; in response to this situation, company laws establish limits on management’s authority to issue new capital and often require shareholder approval for significant changes in management’s existing authorizations.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports a one share, one vote policy and opposes mechanisms that skew voting rights. Shareholders’ voting rights should accrue in accordance with their equity capital commitment to the company. Dual class capital structures entrench certain shareholders and management, insulating them from possible takeovers or other external influence or action. The interests of parties with voting control may not be the same as those of shareholders constituting a majority of the company’s capital. Additionally, research and market experience have shown that companies with dual class capital structures or other antitakeover mechanisms consistently trade at a discount to similar companies without such structures.
When companies with dual class capital structures seek shareholder approval for the creation of new shares, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes the creation of additional super-voting shares because this perpetuates the dual class structure. If companies are seeking to increase ordinary or subordinate share capital, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews such requests on a case-by-case basis. If the shares are needed for a specific purpose, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will approve as long as the proposal meets the issuance guidelines for specific requests. Refusing such requests could cause an immediate loss of shareholder value by not allowing the company to carry out its ordinary business. However, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes general share creation requests on the grounds that they would perpetuate unequal voting structures. If shareholders routinely approve the creation of ordinary or subordinate voting shares, the company has no incentive to reform its capital structure. By not approving such requests, shareholders can send a signal of dissatisfaction to management.
Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.
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Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets Taft-Hartley Advisory Services guidelines on equity issuance requests.
Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board expressly states that the authorization will not be used as a takeover defense.
Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.
Discussion
Preferred stock (also known as preference shares) is an equity security, but it has certain features that liken it to debt instruments, such as fixed dividend payments, seniority of claims relative to regular common stock, and (in most cases) no voting rights except on matters that affect the seniority of preferred stock as a class. Preferred stock usually ranks senior to a company’s ordinary shares with respect to dividends and the distribution of assets or winding down of the company. Companies often request approval for the creation of a new class of preferred stock, the issuance of preferred stock, and the introduction of blank check preferred stock authorization. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers that the terms of preferred stock be set out at the time of the issuance or authorization request.
Preferred stock can be an effective means of raising capital without increasing debt levels, especially if a company has recently concluded a series of acquisitions. In determining the acceptability of proposals relating to preferred stock, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services examines the rights and terms of the proposed shares, including their designation, conditions, restrictions, and limitations. Whether or not the preferred shares carry voting rights is also considered, along with their conversion ratio (if the shares are convertible into common shares). Also important is the company’s justification for issuing or authorizing preferred stock. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports proposals that would not result in excessive dilution or adversely affect the rights of holders of common shares.
Companies may also seek shareholder approval for blank check preferred stock, which are blanket authorities to issue preferred stock under which the directors are allowed to set the size, terms, and recipient of such shares at the time of issuance. Blank check preferred stock can be used for legitimate corporate purposes such as raising capital or making acquisitions. By not establishing the terms of preferred stock at the time the class of stock is created, companies maintain the flexibility to tailor their preferred stock offerings to prevailing market conditions. However, blank check preferred stock can also be used as an entrenchment device. The ability to issue a block of preferred stock with multiple voting or conversion rights to a friendly investor is a powerful takeover defense. As such, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services does not support the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also considers, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to increase authorizations of blank check preferred stock when shareholders have already approved the class of stock and the company has a history of issuing such stock for legitimate financing purposes. Theoretically, companies with authorized blank check preferred stock can use these shares for antitakeover purposes as long as there are a few shares remaining, as they are free to set voting or conversion terms with each issue. Therefore, an increase in authorization may have little effect on the usage of this stock. In cases where a company has issued preferred stock from its authorization for legitimate financing purposes, there is no reason to object to an increase.
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Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests with or without preemptive rights on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST the creation or issuance of convertible debt with preemptive rights if the conversion increases the company’s share capital by more than 50 percent over the current outstanding capital.
Vote AGAINST the creation or issuance of convertible debt without preemptive rights if the conversion increases the company’s share capital by more than 10 percent over the current outstanding capital.
Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.
Discussion
Debt issuance is a popular financing strategy. Debt instruments are often issued with the right to convert into equity securities. Many companies issue debt denominated in currencies other than their own. Bonds may be issued with or without preemptive rights.
Companies routinely issue bonds directly to shareholders in order to raise funds while enjoying low borrowing costs. Convertible bonds give holders the choice of becoming shareholders, thereby increasing the shareholder base and liquidity of the company’s stock, or selling their newly converted shares on the open market. The issuance of unsecured debt often includes warrants, which are detached at the time of bond issuance. Warrants are usually attached to a debt issuance in order to enhance the marketability of the accompanying fixed income security.
When evaluating a debt issuance request, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services examines the issuing company’s present financial situation. The main factor for analysis is the company’s current debt-to-equity ratio, or gearing level. A high gearing level may incline markets and financial analysts to downgrade the company’s bond rating, increasing its investment risk factor in the process. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services routinely approves of debt issuances for companies when the gearing level is between zero and 50 percent. If the company’s gearing level is higher than 50 percent, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services then factors in other financial statistics, such as the company’s growth over the past five years relative to earnings or market capitalization, recent corporate events that might affect the company’s bottom line (such as the acquisition of a major competitor or the release of a revolutionary product), and the normal debt levels in the company’s industry and country of origin. In the case of convertible bonds, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also takes into consideration the total level of dilution that would result at the time of conversion. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ guidelines for capital increases would then be applied.
Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
In certain countries, shareholder approval is required when a company needs to secure a debt issuance with its assets. In many cases, this is a routine request and is a formality under the relevant law. When reviewing such proposals, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services takes into account the terms of the proposed debt issuance and the company’s overall debt level. If both of these factors are acceptable, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will support these requests.
Vote proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
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Vote AGAINST the removal of a limit on borrowing powers.
Discussion
In some countries, companies are required to seek shareholder approval for increases in their aggregate borrowing power authorities. The aggregate limit on the board’s ability to borrow money is often fixed in a company’s articles, and shareholder approval to change this limit is therefore legally required. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that a company’s financing needs are best determined by the board, and modest increases in borrowing powers are necessary to allow the company to take advantage of new acquisition opportunities or to complete development and restructuring projects. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ analysis of borrowing power increase requests take into account management’s stated need for the increase, the size of the increase, and the company’s current gearing level. Large increases in borrowing powers can sometimes result in dangerously high debt-to-equity ratios that could harm shareholder value. If an increase is excessive without sufficient justification and if a company already has exceptionally high gearing compared to its industry, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose the request.
Vote FOR share repurchase programs/market repurchase authorities, unless:
• | Maximum volume: 10 percent for market repurchase within any single authority and 10 percent of outstanding shares to be kept in treasury (“on the shelf”); |
• | Duration does not exceed 18 months; |
In addition, vote AGAINST any proposal where:
• | The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses; |
• | There is clear evidence of abuse; |
• | There is no safeguard against selective buybacks; |
• | Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice. |
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may support share repurchase plans in excess of 10 percent volume under exceptional circumstances, such as one-off company specific events (e.g. capital re-structuring). Such proposals will be assessed case-by-case based on merits, which should be clearly disclosed in the annual report, provided that following conditions are met:
• | The overall balance of the proposed plan seems to be clearly in shareholder’s interests; |
• | The plan still respects the 10 percent maximum of shares to be kept in treasury. |
For Italy and Germany, vote FOR share-repurchase plans and share reissuance plans that would use call and put options if the following criteria are met:
• | The duration of the authorization is limited in time to no more than 18 months; |
• | The total number of shares covered by the authorization is disclosed; |
• | The number of shares that would be purchased with call options and/or sold with put options is limited to a maximum of five percent of currently outstanding capital (or half of the total amounts allowed by law in Italy and Germany); |
• | A financial institution, with experience conducting sophisticated transactions, is indicated as the party responsible for the trading; and |
• | The company has a clean track record regarding repurchases. |
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Discussion
Proposals regarding share repurchase plans are routine in most countries, and such plans are usually sufficiently regulated by local laws or listing requirements to protect shareholder interests.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services looks for the following conditions in share repurchase plans: limitations on a company’s ability to use the plan to repurchase shares from third parties at a premium; limitations on the exercise of the authority to thwart takeover threats; and a requirement that repurchases be made at arm’s length through independent third parties and that selective repurchases require shareholder approval.
Some shareholders object to companies repurchasing shares, preferring to see extra cash invested in new businesses or paid out as dividends. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that when timed correctly, stock repurchases are a legitimate use of corporate funds and can add to long-term shareholder returns.
However, in certain instances, share buybacks are used to fund stock option plans. In these cases, cash is being used to fund stock options plans, which in most cases are a form of management compensation. When possible, we will make efforts to learn whether share repurchase plans are being used to fund stock option plans. In these instances, extra scrutiny will be paid, and a repurchase plan may be opposed.
For markets that either generally do not specify the maximum duration of the authority or seek a duration beyond 18 months that is allowable under market specific legislation, we will assess the company’s historic practice. If there is evidence that a company has sought shareholder approval for the authority to repurchase shares on an annual basis, we will support the proposed authority.
REISSUANCE OF SHARES REPURCHASED
Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.
Discussion
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally believes that properly timed repurchases of company shares can enhance shareholder value and improve general shareholder returns. With good timing and proper safeguards, the same returns and improvements in shareholder value can be generated through the reissuance of the shares repurchased. In most countries, the text of this general mandate provides sufficient shareholder protection to make this item routine. When reviewing such proposals, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services takes into account the country’s legal framework for such reissuances and the company’s history of reissuing shares under the authority.
CAPITALIZATION OF RESERVES FOR BONUS ISSUES/INCREASE IN PAR VALUE
Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.
Discussion
Companies routinely carry out bonus issues of shares or increases in par value to existing shareholders, usually through the capitalization of reserves from either the share premium reserve or the retained earnings account. Capitalization of these reserves — transferring them into the share capital account — usually requires shareholder approval. These issuances essentially function as dividends.
When companies increase par value or capitalize reserves and distribute new fully paid shares to shareholders free of charge through a bonus issue, there is no cost to shareholders to maintain their stakes and no risk of dilution. This procedure transfers wealth to shareholders and does not significantly impact share value. The only impact on shareholders is that by increasing the number of shares on issue, the company could increase liquidity, enhance marketability, and ultimately expand its shareholder base.
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REORGANIZATIONS/RESTRUCTURINGS
Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Requests to approve corporate reorganizations or restructurings range from the routine shuffling of subsidiaries within a group to major rescue programs for ailing companies. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services usually approves such resolutions unless there are clear conflicts of interest among the various parties, shareholders’ rights are being negatively affected, or certain groups or shareholders appear to be getting a better deal at the expense of general shareholders.
In the case of routine reorganizations of assets or subsidiaries within a group, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ primary focus with the proposed changes is to ensure that shareholder value is being preserved. This includes the effect of the reorganization on the control of group assets, the final ownership structure, the relative voting power of existing shareholders if the share capital is being adjusted, and the expected benefits arising from the changes.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also assesses the proposed restructuring and its impact on job loss with an emphasis on the company’s U.S. operations. In certain circumstances, jobs may be lost due to economic inefficiencies. However, we will not support reorganizations that unnecessarily eradicate employment, harming the beneficiaries, communities, and the company’s economic position.
In the case of a distress restructuring of a company or group, shareholders’ options are far more limited; often, they have no choice but to approve the restructuring or lose everything. In such cases, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services first determines the company’s degree of distress by determining whether or not the company still has a positive net asset value — that is, if realizable assets are greater than liabilities. Although rare, liquidation should be considered an option in these situations.
In most cases, however, the company has a negative asset value, meaning that shareholders would have nothing left after a liquidation. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services seeks to ensure that the degree of dilution proposed is consistent with the claims of outside parties and is commensurate with the relative commitments of other company stakeholders. Existing shareholders usually must accept the transfer of majority control over the company to outside secured creditors. Ultimately, ownership of a small percentage of something is worth more than majority ownership of nothing.
For every M&A analysis, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews publicly available information as of the date of our analysis and evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
• | Valuation — Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services places emphasis on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale; |
• | Market reaction — How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction will elicit greater scrutiny on a deal; |
• | Strategic rationale — Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions; |
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• | Conflicts of interest — Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? We will consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger; |
• | Governance — impact of the merger on and shareholder rights. Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance; |
• | The possibility of a high degree of job loss with no reasonable explanation; and |
• | Any significant reduction in basic labor standards. |
Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.
ABSTAIN if there is insufficient information available to make an informed voting decision.
Discussion
When evaluating the merits of a proposed acquisition, merger, or takeover offer, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services focuses on the financial and corporate governance impact on shareholder value, both in the immediate and long term. The primary concern is to determine whether or not the proposal is beneficial to shareholders’ existing and future earnings stream and to ensure that the impact on voting rights is not disproportionate to that benefit. Generally, we are interested in the long-term shareholder interests as opposed to short-term gains that devalue assets and have a negative impact on workers and communities.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will evaluate proposed mergers by looking at the justification for the merger; whether a reasonable financial arrangement has been proposed and a fairness opinion rendered; and the long-term impact of the business plans of the competing parties. We will assess the impact of the proposed merger on the affected workforce and community. For example, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will assess the proposed merger’s impact on job loss with an emphasis on the company’s U.S. operations. In certain circumstances, jobs may be lost due to economic inefficiencies. However, we will not support mergers that unnecessarily eradicate employment, harming the beneficiaries, and the company’s economic position.
In the case of a cross-border merger, we consider the proposed merger affect on labor standards. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will not support mergers that diminish basic labor standards. The resulting entity should comply with applicable laws and principles protecting employees’ wages, benefits, working conditions, freedom of association, and other rights.
In the case of an acquisition, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services examines the level of voting or earnings dilution and the logic of the proposed purchase if large share issuances are required. The method of financing is also important, as various methods can result in different valuations than originally perceived. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also checks for an independent valuation of the terms, particularly if the target of the acquisition is not a publicly traded entity or asset and precise market valuations are not readily available.
This is important when determining whether or not a specific premium is justified. Control premiums on acquisitions vary widely depending on the industry, the time period, and the country. During the late 1980s in the United States, control premiums of up to 70 percent in certain sectors were considered reasonable. Broad averages over time indicate that premiums in the range of 20 percent to 30 percent are normal, but this must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. For publicly traded entities or assets, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services looks at the price of the acquisition relative to the average market price prior to any announcement, as well as the historical price trends for 60 days prior. For non-publicly traded entities or assets, an independent financial evaluation becomes even more important.
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In the case of mergers, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services examines whether or not the merger makes commercial or strategic sense for the company. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also considers the method of effecting the merger and the ultimate impact on shareholders of the proposed financial and corporate governance structure. While historical relative valuations based on market prices are useful in the financial evaluation process, the often-complicated financial details of such proposals make an independent fairness opinion of extreme importance. The proposed board structure, share capital structure, and relative share ownership of the new company are all important factors for consideration in this evaluation process.
If the details of a given proposal are unclear or not available and a fairness opinion is also not available, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will either abstain on or vote against the proposal. Abstention would most likely be the result of a lack of information about the proposal. If a company is uncooperative in providing information about the proposal or is evasive when responding to questions, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against it.
Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Discussion
Reincorporation proposals are most commonly seen in Canada, where companies may register under one of the provincial business statutes. However, companies in other countries may also seek shareholder approval to reincorporate in a U.S. state or another country. Many companies, including U.S. companies, choose to reincorporate in places such as Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, or the British Virgin Islands for tax purposes.
When examining a reincorporation proposal, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services first examines the reasons for the move. Sometimes a reincorporation proposal is part of a restructuring effort or merger agreement that contributes significantly to a company’s growth, financial health, and competitive position more than the anticipated negative consequences of incorporating in another province or country. Some reincorporations allow firms to realize lower taxes or incorporation fees. In addition, there may be advantages to incorporating in the province in which the company conducts the bulk of its business.
Companies often adopt a new charter or bylaws with increased protection for management upon reincorporation. For instance, many reincorporation proposals are bundled with the ratification of a new charter that increases the company’s capital stock or imposes a classified board. When such changes to the charter include the addition of negative corporate governance provisions, the impact of these new provisions on shareholders must be balanced against the anticipated benefits of the reincorporation.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that reincorporations to countries, states, or provinces with less stringent disclosure requirements or corporate governance provisions are often management attempts to lessen accountability to shareholders. In such cases, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote AGAINST the proposal. The expenses involved in a change of domicile relating to legal and administrative fees, plus the greater entrenchment such a reincorporation could provide management, would likely harm shareholders’ interests. In cases where companies propose to move to a more protective province or country and supply reasonable financial reasons for doing so, the benefits of the reincorporation must be weighed against the costs of possible management entrenchment.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also considers the reincorporation’s impact on the employment environment. We do not support reincorporations to new jurisdictions that diminish basic labor rights and standards.
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EXPANSION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.
Discussion
Companies are usually required by law to include in their articles of association or memorandum of association specific business purposes in the form of an objects clause. Because most countries require shareholder approval before articles can be amended, any change to the company’s objects clause requires shareholder approval. Countries often seek shareholder approval to amend the objects clause to expand business lines.
Expanding business lines is a decision usually best left to management, but there are some instances where Taft-Hartley Advisory Services withholds support for such changes. If a company has performed poorly for several years and seeks business expansion into a risky enterprise, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services would require further clarification from management regarding the purpose of the expansion. If the company does not provide a satisfactory business plan, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will not support the proposal. Furthermore, if the company does not adhere to basic labor principles or codes of conduct in the expansion of its business, then Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will not support the proposal. For example, the expansion must comply with applicable laws and regulations, provide legitimate policies regarding workplace health and safety, and recognize basic labor rights. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that these policies and practices affect long-term corporate performance and increase shareholder value.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related party transactions considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:
• | The parties on either side of the transaction; |
• | The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided; the pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation); |
• | The views of independent directors (where provided); |
• | The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed); |
• | Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and |
• | The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing. |
If there is a transaction that RMG deemed problematic and that was not put to a shareholder vote, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may vote against the election of the director involved in the related-party transaction or the full board.
Vote AGAINST related party transactions when details of a particular arrangement are not available.
Discussion
Shareholders are often asked to approve commercial transactions between related parties. A transaction between a parent company and its subsidiary, or a company’s dealings with entities that employ the company’s directors, are usually classified as related party transactions and are subject to company law or stock exchange listing requirements that mandate shareholder approval. Shareholder approval of these transactions is meant to protect shareholders against insider trading abuses.
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In most cases, both the rationale and terms of such transactions are reasonable. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services looks for evidence of an evaluation of the transaction by an independent body, but this is not always available. Unless the agreement requests a strategic move outside the company’s charter or contains unfavorable terms, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will support the proposal. However, in many countries, detailed information about related-party transactions is not available. In some cases, no information is available. When sufficient information is not available, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote AGAINST the arrangement.
Vote AGAINST a company’s compensation-related proposal due to one or a combination of several of the following factors:
• | The proposed compensation policy/report was not made available to shareholders in a timely manner; |
• | The level of disclosure of the proposed compensation policy is below what local market best practice standards dictate; |
• | Concerns exist with respect to the disclosure or structure of the bonus or other aspects of the remuneration policy such as pensions, severance terms, and discretionary payments; |
• | Concerns exist surrounding the company’s long-term incentive plan(s), including but not limited to, dilution, vesting period, and performance conditions; Excessive severance arrangements/payments; |
• | Provision of stock option grants, or similarly structured equity-based compensation, to non-executive directors; and/or |
• | Where boards have, otherwise, failed to demonstrate good stewardship of investors’ interests regarding executive compensation practices. |
Vote AGAINST other appropriate resolutions as a measure of discontent against egregious remuneration practices (as a result of one or a combination of several factors highlighted above) or where a company has not followed market practice by submitting a resolution on executive compensation.
A negative vote could be applied to any of the following resolutions on a case-by case basis:
• | The (re)election of members of the remuneration committee; |
• | The discharge of directors; or |
• | The annual report and accounts. |
Failure to propose a resolution on executive compensation to shareholders in a market where this is routine practice may, by itself, lead to one of the above adverse votes regardless of the companies’ remuneration practices.
Management Proposals Seeking Shareholder Approval of the Company’s Compensation Policy (Say on Pay)
Vote on a CASE-By-CASE basis, management proposals seeking ratification of a company’s compensation policy.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that seeking annual shareholder approval of a company’s compensation policy is a positive corporate governance provision, and considers the following compensation best practices in evaluating shareholder votes on corporate compensation practices:
• | Appropriate pay-for-performance alignment with emphasis on long-term shareholder value. |
• | Avoidance of arrangements that risk “pay for failure”. |
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• | Independent and effective compensation committees. |
• | Provision of clear and comprehensive compensation disclosures to shareholders. |
• | Avoidance of inappropriate pay to non-executive directors. |
Non-Executive Director Compensation
Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote on non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote on proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.
Vote AGAINST non-executive director remuneration if documents (general meeting documents, annual report) provided prior to the general meeting do not mention fees paid to non-executive directors.
Vote AGAINST non-executive director remuneration if the company intends to excessively increase the fees in comparison with market/sector practices, without stating compelling reasons that justify the increase.
Vote AGAINST proposals that provide for the granting of stock options, or similarly structured equity-based compensation, to non-executive directors.
Discussion
The recent financial crisis has shown that poor remuneration systems can lead to the inefficient allocation of company resources and can incentivize behavior that is detrimental to long-term shareholder interests. More than ever, shareholders have become concerned with how companies compensate their executives. Scrutiny has been applied to ascertain whether executive pay is appropriate for a company’s size, market, and industry, and whether remuneration structures sufficiently incentivize long-term share value growth and avoid “pay for failure”. In response to this growing trend, many legislatures/regulators have taken steps to strengthen shareholders’ role in the determination of remuneration practices by increasing companies’ disclosure requirements with respect to compensation practices as well as by recommending (or requiring) that companies provide voting resolutions on remuneration practices at their annual shareholder meetings.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports plans that motivate participants to focus on maximizing long-term shareholder value and returns, encourage employee stock ownership, and more closely align employee interests with those of shareholders. However, we recognize that in many markets, the degree of information available to evaluate compensation proposals is usually limited in detail. For this reason, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services applies its compensation policies and methodology to the extent that market disclosure practices allow.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews three main types of compensation plans: stock option plans, incentive plans, and share purchase plans. Also included in this section are grants outside of plans.
Stock option plans grant participants an option to buy company shares at a set price (the exercise price). Shares are usually granted at market prices and may be exercised when the company’s share price reaches the exercise price. Participants may then purchase the promised shares at the strike price and may later sell the shares
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after their purchase (or after a defined holding period when the shares may not be sold). Among the criteria that Taft-Hartley Advisory Services examines in evaluating stock option plans are the following, generally organized from criteria of greater importance to criteria of lesser importance:
Shares Reserved for Issuance of Options Under the Plan
The maximum number of shares Taft-Hartley Advisory Services approves under a plan depends on the classification of a company’s stage of development as growth or mature. Growth companies are usually smaller, in new industries requiring significant research and development, and have restricted cash flows. A company in an established industry but expanding rapidly, or a mature company that is experiencing an extended period of rapid expansion, may also be classified as growth. Mature companies are characterized by stable sales and revenue growth, production efficiencies resulting from volume gains, and strong cash flow resulting from developed products in the payoff stage.
For mature companies, shares available under stock option plans should be no more than five percent of the issued capital at the time of approval under all plans. For growth companies, shares available should be no more than ten percent of the issued capital at the time of approval under all plans (and five percent under the proposed plan.) For all companies, an absolute number of shares fixed at the time of approval is ideal, but many countries do not include such a limit. In these cases, revolving limits (a certain percentage of issued shares at any one time) of five or ten percent are common. The practice of setting a percentage of shares issuable over a certain number of years before or after the plan is adopted appears to be a compromise between these first two methods. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers plans where the limits are sufficiently spread out, e.g., five percent in five years, ten percent in ten years.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers that options be priced at 100 percent of the shares’ fair market value on the date of grant. Usually this is taken as the closing price of the company’s shares on the day prior to the date of grant. Some countries determine fair market value as an average of the trading price for the five days prior to the date of grant. This is a common and acceptable practice. Some emerging market countries use a 30-day average or longer to determine fair market value; these resolutions must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although provisions of longer than 30 days increase the possibility of discounted options.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services strongly opposes grants of discounted options to both executive and nonexecutive directors. In the absence of vesting periods or performance criteria (see below), discounted option grants to directors amount to a cash bonus at shareholder expense. Under such circumstances, option holders have an incentive to cash in their grants for an immediate return rather than hold on to their options for future gains. This undermines the incentive value underlining these plans. A few countries allow for options to be granted at a discount to market prices. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services approves of discounts up to 20 percent, but only for grants that are a part of a broad-based employee plan, including all nonexecutive employees.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes allowing the administering committee to grant options to itself due to the potential for “backscratching” abuse. Administration of plans should be in the hands of directors who are unable to participate in the plan. Plans administered by the full board should not allow voting by executive directors; plans administered by remuneration committees should be composed entirely of independent directors. Plans that allow nonexecutive directors to participate should not give them any discretion on individual grants; instead, an automatic system of grants should be introduced with fixed annual grants at market prices on a fixed date. Alternatively, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services approves of separate nonexecutive director option plans with independent administration.
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Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers separate plans for employees, directors, and nonexecutive directors, but most plans include all or some combination of these categories of participants. Other global plans distinguish between full-time and part-time employees or establish a set length of service to the company (usually one year) before options may be granted. Most plans allow the administrating committee to select plan participants.
Performance Criteria and Vesting Provisions
Performance criteria and vesting provisions are important considerations when evaluating a compensation plan, and the existence of long vesting provisions and realistic performance criteria are highly preferred. The ultimate goal of share option plans is to tie executive and employee remuneration to company performance and to give key employees and executives incentive to stay with the firm. Generally in markets where disclosure is an issue, if a plan meets all other aspects of Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ guidelines, these two criteria are not mandatory. However, whenever greater disclosure is the market norm, we will oppose plans that do not include sufficiently challenging performance criteria or carry a minimum three-year vesting period. This information is commonly provided in markets such as the United Kingdom, Canada, The Netherlands and Australia. Finally, any matching shares that are provided by companies should be subject to additional performance conditions.
Retesting of Performance Criteria
Remuneration plans should not allow for the retesting of performance criteria over another time period if these conditions were not met within the initial period. Retesting is destructive to the incentive value of such plans and undermines the worth of performance criteria. Whenever disclosure is sufficient enough to determine if retesting is allowed under a company’s plan, we will take this feature into consideration for our overall evaluation of the plan.
Market Specifics:
• In the UK, whether the terms of a compensation plan are to be satisfied by the issuance of new shares or through the use of treasury shares, the maximum commitment of the aggregate awards under all of the company’s plans should not exceed 10% of issued ordinary capital over a rolling 10-year period for broad-based plans. Within these limits, awards for discretionary plans should not exceed 5% for a rolling 10-year period.
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Other Features Specific to Option Plans
Some countries require optionees to pay a nominal fee (often equivalent to $0.01) for every option received. This is common and acceptable, although many companies that once enforced this provision are now deleting it from the rules of their plans.
Some plans include specific provisions allowing for the repricing of options at the board’s discretion. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes plans that include option repricing when the exercise price is reduced in response to a dropping share price. Repricing outstanding options reduces the incentive that options provide to raise the share price for shareholders.
Some plans offer participants loans to pay the full exercise price on their options. If loans are part of a company’s option plan, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers that loans be made to employees as part of a
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broad-based, company-wide plan to encourage ownership rather than being given only to executive directors. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also prefers loans with interest set at market rates that must be paid back in full over a reasonable length of time. The absence of these features does not necessary warrant a recommendation against an option plan, but they are taken into consideration in Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ analysis of the plan.
Plans for International Employees
Many overseas companies introduce separate plans or delegate a special section of their option plan to deal with tax considerations raised by having a large number of employees working in other countries. Many of these plans contain provisions that deal directly with particular U.S. tax code provisions on stock options. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services applies the same criteria to these plans as to country-specific plans.
Stock appreciation rights (SARs) allow participants to receive the difference between the exercise price and the market price at the date of exercise. Many companies use SARs in lieu of regular options. While SARs do not result in the dilution associated with large option exercises, there is little difference between an SAR and a regular option from a shareholder perspective because the financial cost to the company is the same. However, SARs do not encourage stock ownership by participants because they involve no purchase or sale of company stock. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews SARs in the context of the option plan under which they are issued.
Phantom stock options offer participants cash bonuses based on the increase in share price during a set period of time. Phantom plans are distinct from SARs in that they often form their own separate plan. Some companies will create a phantom stock option plan to award employees who reside in countries that do not allow stock-based compensation. Participants are designated a set number of hypothetical (phantom) shares, on which the award is based. While Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers compensation plans that encourage employee ownership, SARs and phantom options are an effective way to provide incentive.
Super options exceed the limits in a particular country for the value of options granted to any one individual, although they are usually tied to significantly more restrictive vesting provisions and performance criteria. U.K. super options, for example, exceed the Association of British Insurers’ recommended limit that options represent no more than four times a participant’s salary, yet the stricter performance criteria and longer vesting periods usually mitigate excessive grants. Additionally, dilution resulting from super options has historically been fairly moderate. Super options appear most often in advanced markets with developed stock option plans.
Restricted stock is specifically designated stock offered at a discount to executives, often under U.S. option plans but increasingly among overseas plans as well. Company shares may be granted outright to optionees with no payment required for the receipt of the shares. Such awards can be extremely expensive, as participants exercise awards at fixed prices far below the current market price. If restricted stock is included as part of a stock option plan, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services expects strict limits on the amount of shares that may be issued in this form.
Dividends Under Option and Dividend Equivalent Payment Provisions
Most holders of stock options do not receive dividend payments. However, some option plans allow participants to receive dividends or dividend equivalent payments prior to the exercise of options. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that any economic benefit derived from option plans should occur at the time of exercise.
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Share incentive plans tie key employees’ compensation more directly to company performance. Though most popular in the United Kingdom, incentive plans are becoming increasingly popular across the globe. Incentive plans provide participants with free grants of company shares (or, less frequently, cash grants) in proportion with prearranged performance criteria—often earnings per share measured against inflation or total shareholder return. These indicators are frequently compared with those of other firms in the company’s industry or stock market index, creating a benchmark and a further determinant of the number of shares granted to a particular participant. Proponents of incentive plans note that they offer shareholders the potential for less dilution and that they more directly encourage participants to focus on long-term company performance through strict performance criteria tied to more than just share price movements.
Most incentive plans are organized with strict vesting provisions, where participants may not receive the share awards until after a period of three years or more. Many plans also grant a percentage of the total amount reserved for each participant on a sliding scale measured against performance criteria. Performance criteria targets that have been satisfied only to a certain point may represent disbursement of 25 percent of the shares or cash to a participant, while 100-percent satisfaction may represent the full allotment of the grant. From a shareholder perspective, this graduated system of performance criteria is a major advance.
Evaluation of incentive plans is similar to that of option plans in that acceptable dilution and impartial administration and eligibility remain key factors for a positive recommendation. Insufficient performance criteria or abbreviated vesting provisions are deciding factors as well.
Share purchase plans allow participants to purchase shares in the company, often at a discount to market prices. These plans are often broad-based in nature, as they are usually open to all employees. Other plans operate via monthly deductions from employees’ paychecks, gathered and held for safe keeping by a trust or a bank and used every month or year to purchase company stock.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will approve many of these plans because they encourage wide share ownership in the company among employees. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally approves broad-based, employee-directed share purchase plans with discounts up to 20 percent. Dilution, eligibility, and administration are the key factors in determining Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ recommendation
Other Features Specific to Share Purchase Plans
While eligibility under share purchase plans is evaluated similarly to stock option plans, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services affords more flexibility with the terms of broad-based employee purchase plans. The inclusion of permanent part-time employees and employees who have been with the company for less than one year are provisions of employee plans that are routinely approved.
Some plans offer participants loans to pay for the shares. If loans are part of a share purchase plan, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers that loans be made to employees as part of a broad-based, company-wide plan to encourage ownership rather than being given only to executive directors. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also prefers loans with interest set at market rates that must be paid back in full over a reasonable length of time. The absence of these features does not necessary warrant a recommendation against a share purchase plan, but they are taken into consideration in Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ analysis of the plan.
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Resolutions asking shareholders to approve specific grants of shares or cash outside of established plans are problematic. Some companies prefer not to adopt formal share plans, instead asking shareholders to approve yearly grants to specific employees. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services prefers that companies make such grants in the context of an established plan.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ primary concern with grants outside of plans is the level of dilution they afford. The number of shares issued as part of the grants, when combined with the number of shares reserved for the company’s other share plans, must fall within acceptable dilution limits. Vesting provisions and performance criteria are also important and are evaluated on the same basis as if the grants were part of a formal plan.
Vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.
Discussion
Common antitakeover mechanisms include staggered boards, super-voting shares, poison pills, unlimited authorized capital authorizations (including blank check preferred stock), and golden shares. Some of these restrictions are aimed solely at limiting share ownership by foreign or unwanted minority shareholders, and others are designed to preclude an unwanted takeover of the target company by any party. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services opposes all forms of such mechanisms, as they limit shareholder value by eliminating the takeover or control premium for the company. As owners of the company, shareholders should be given the opportunity to decide on the merits of takeover offers.
Renew Partial Takeover Provision (Australia)
Australian law allows companies to introduce into their articles a provision to protect shareholders from partial takeover offers, to be renewed by shareholders every three years. If a partial takeover of the company is announced, directors are required to convene a shareholder meeting at least 15 days before the closing of the offer to seek approval of the offer. If shareholders reject the resolution, the offer is considered withdrawn under company law and the company can refuse to register the shares tendered to the offer. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services approves of consulting shareholders on takeover offers, and this article provides protection for minority shareholders by giving them ultimate decision-making authority based on their own interests, not the interests of directors or outside parties. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the adoption of this proposal in almost all cases.
Recently privatized companies across the world often include in their share structure a golden share held by their respective governments. These shares often carry special voting rights or the power of automatic veto over specific proposals. Golden shares are most common among former state-owned companies or politically sensitive industries such as utilities, railways, and airlines. While the introduction of golden shares is not a desirable governance practice, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services recognizes the political importance certain companies hold for governments and treats the introduction or amendment of government shares on a case-by-case basis.
Otherwise known as shareholder rights plans, poison pills are seen primarily in the Canadian and Japanese markets. Companies generally state that they seek to adopt or renew pills in order to protect shareholders against unfair, abusive, or coercive takeover strategies and to give the target company’s board time to pursue alternatives to a hostile takeover bid. Theoretically, the board will refuse to redeem the pill in the face of an unfair offer in order to force a bidder to negotiate for a better offer, at which point it will redeem the pill.
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In accomplishing these goals, however, many rights plans place too much of the decision-making powers in the hands of the board and management and out of the hands of shareholders. However, we note that many Canadian companies have adopted new shareholder rights plans that address the concerns of institutional investors, namely providing for three-year sunset provisions, allowing for partial bids to proceed despite board opposition, and curtailing the overall level of discretion afforded the board in interpreting the pills.
Nonetheless, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services guidelines generally do not support the adoption of poison pills on the grounds that they serve to entrench management. Improperly structured rights plans have been used by boards to ward off offers beneficial to shareholders. Current owners should decide who will own the company, with advice and negotiation from the board and management. When considering the merits of a poison pill, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also examines what other antitakeover devices the company has and the company’s treatment of shareholders in past situations.
Poison pills often have a sunset provision, which requires shareholder confirmation of the plan. Most pills have either a three-year or a five-year sunset provision, requiring that shareholders confirm the continuation of the plan three or five years from the date of adoption. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services guidelines support a three-year sunset provision, which affords shareholders the ability to reconsider the plan in light of changing market conditions and to review management’s use of the plan. Canadian pills also typically include of a permitted bid clause, under which the takeover bid must be made on equal terms to all holders of the company’s voting shares; the company must extend the expiration of the bid, usually by 45 or 60 days following the date of the bid. Management sets the terms of the permitted bid clause, and therefore it influences the level of protection that will be provided to shareholders.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services determines whether the permitted bid feature offers shareholders adequate powers relative to the board in the event of a bid not being approved by the board. Allowing shareholders the right to override the board as a means of balancing power is crucial, but the specifics of the permitted bid clause are usually insufficient. Under the clause, a shareholder who is not intent on a complete acquisition but merely wishes to purchase a significant stake in the company may trigger the pill. This gives the board power to deny shareholders the benefit of a large semi-controlling shareholder and precludes partial bids that may be in shareholders’ interests. In addition to the sunset provision and the structure of the permitted bid clause, in order to qualify for approval, a shareholder rights plan must satisfy ALL of the following conditions:
• | Permitted bid clause structure: a permitted bid clause must allow for partial bids supported by a majority of shareholders to proceed despite board opposition; bid periods should generally not be greater than 60 days; the clause” should not contain a “toehold provision” that would any person who already controls a specified percentage of shares from making a permitted bid; |
• | Amendments: the ability of the board to amend key terms of the plan without shareholder approval following initial adoption of the plan must be limited to clerical and typographical changes and changes required to maintain the validity of the rights plan; |
• | Exchange option: a plan must not contain a provision that would enable the board to issue in exchange for the right, with or without further charge, debt or equity securities, other assets of the company, or any combination thereof; |
• | Definition of Fair Market Value: the board must not have the discretion to interpret the fair market value of the company’s shares if the board determines that the value was adversely affected by the news of an anticipated or actual bid or by other means of manipulation; |
• | Affiliates and Associates: the board’s discretion to decide which parties are acting in concert to determine the level of beneficial ownership, which could be used to trigger the pill should be limited and well-defined in the text of the plan; |
• | Mandatory Waiver: if the board waives the triggering of the pill with respect to one bidder, the board must be required to waive the pill in favor of any subsequent bids, preventing the board from favoring one bid over another regardless of shareholder interests. |
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Since 2006, the vast majority of Japanese poison pills have been so called “advance warning-type” (“advance notice-type”) defense plans. In these cases, the board announces in advance a set of disclosure requirements it expects any bidder to comply with, as well as a waiting period between the submission of this information and the launch of the bid. As long as the bidder complies with these rules, the company “in principle” will take no action to block the bid, but will allow shareholders to decide.
The exceptions are where the bid is judged to be clearly detrimental to shareholders, such as in situations defined by a Japanese court or in a report of the government’s Corporate Value Study Group. These include greenmail, asset stripping and coercive two-tier offers. Usually, such judgments are made by a “special committee” or “independent committee,” but the committee’s decision is usually subject to being overruled by the board. At some companies the decisions are made by the board with no committee input at all. Advance warning-type defenses do not require shareholder approval, although in most cases companies are choosing to put them to a shareholder vote, as it is believed that doing so will put the company in a stronger position in the event of a lawsuit.
Where a company implements an advance warning-type defense without a shareholder vote, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will similarly examine the details of the plan, and where we deem it to be detrimental to shareholder value, we will consider recommending votes against the company’s representative director(s).
Depositary Receipts and Priority Shares (The Netherlands)
Depositary receipts are an especially common antitakeover defense among large Dutch companies. In the event of a hostile takeover bid, ordinary voting shares are first issued to a company-friendly trust or foundation. The trust or foundation in turn issues depositary receipts, similar to banks in the United States issuing ADRs except that the foundation retains the voting rights of the issued security. The depositary receipts carry only the financial rights attached to the shares (i.e., dividends). In this manner, the company gains access to capital while retaining control over voting rights. Nonvoting preference shares can be issued to trusts or foundations in a similar fashion.
Priority shares, established in a company’s articles, may be awarded with certain powers of control over the rest of the company. In practice, priority shares are held by members of the supervisory board, company-friendly trusts or foundations, or other friendly parties. Depending on the articles, priority shareholders may determine the size of the management or supervisory boards or may propose amendments to articles and the dissolution of the company. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against the introduction of depositary receipts and priority shares.
Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.
Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.
Discussion
Unlike in the United States where shareholders proposals are quite common, they are less common overseas. One market where proposals sponsored by shareholders are more common is the German market. There are two types of such proposals—shareholder proposals and counterproposals. Counterproposals are filed in direct
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opposition to proposals put forward by management at a given shareholder meeting. Many shareholder and counterproposals in Germany focus on environmental and labor issues. The number of shareholder proposals is also on the rise in Canada, although the aggregate annual number still pales in comparison to the U.S. In general shareholder proposals seen at global companies cover a wide variety of issues, including fundamental corporate governance topics, social issues, direct action proposals, as well as many unique proposals.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ position on the issues covered in many of these proposals has already been discussed. Generally, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will evaluate shareholder proposals to determine whether they are in the best economic interests of the participants and beneficiaries we represent. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ clients, not Taft-Hartley Advisory Services, choose the companies in which they invest and, ultimately, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services’ responsibility is to protect their economic interests. This does not mean, though, that Taft-Hartley Advisory Services must take a short-term approach when evaluating these proposals. Rather, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote in consistency with the economic best interests of the participants and beneficiaries.
In general, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports proposals that request the company to furnish information helpful to shareholders in evaluating the company’s operations. In order to intelligently monitor their investments, shareholders often need information best provided by the company in which they have invested. Requests to report such information merit support. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will evaluate proposals seeking the company to cease taking certain actions that the proponent believes is harmful to society or some segment of society with special attention to the company’s legal and ethical obligations, its ability to remain profitable, and potential negative publicity if the company fails to honor the request.
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews all shareholder proposals to ascertain whether the proposal is beneficial or detrimental to shareholder value. Most resolutions fall into three basic categories: corporate governance, social, and environmental. While shareholder proposals in most countries are not as prevalent as they are in the United States, they are becoming more common, and standards for reviewing the various types of proposals are necessary.
Corporate Governance Proposals
Corporate governance-related proposals must be evaluated carefully because any changes can dramatically affect shareholder value. Support for such proposals must be measured against the likely impact that approval would have on the company’s operations. If a measure would improve disclosure of company activities in nonstrategic areas and at minimal costs, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the proposal. If a proposal seeks to improve the company’s corporate governance structure, such as adopting board committees, eliminating staggered board structures, or canceling antitakeover instruments, approval is also warranted. However, if acceptance of a proposal is likely to lead to a disruption in board or management operations and to cause the company to incur significant costs without clear benefit, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will oppose the proposal.
Social and Environmental Proposals
The voting fiduciary should support social and environmental proposals if they either contribute to the long term interests of plan participants and beneficiaries, or will have no adverse impact on plan participants and beneficiaries.
Global codes of conduct for social, human, and economic standards are an important component in the stability of world economic conditions and in protecting the current lifestyle of plan beneficiaries and participants. Without agreement on international codes, some international companies could pursue a race to the bottom strategy that could ultimately undermine U.S. environmental and economic conditions.
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Report on Environmental Policies
These resolutions request the company to disclose its environmental practices. For example, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally support proposals calling for a report on hazardous waste policies and issues regarding Maquiladora factories in Mexico.
Adoption of “CERES Principles”
These resolutions call for the adoption of principles that encourage the company to protect the environment and the safety and health of its employees. Many companies have voluntarily adopted these principles. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally support these proposals as they often improve the company’s public image, reduce exposure to liabilities, and establish standards so that environmentally responsible companies and markets are not at a competitive financial disadvantage.
Adoption of “MacBride Principles”
These resolutions call for the adoption of the MacBride Principles for operations located in Northern Ireland. They request companies operating abroad to support the equal employment opportunity policies that apply in facilities they operate domestically. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will support such proposals as an appropriate obligation for the company to undertake.
These resolutions call for compliance with governmental mandates and corporate policies regarding nondiscrimination, affirmative action, work place safety and health and other basic labor protections. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally support proposals that:
• | seek publication of a “Code of Conduct” to the company’s foreign suppliers and licensees, requiring they satisfy all applicable standards and laws protecting employees’ wages, benefits, working conditions, freedom of association, and other rights. |
• | request a report summarizing the company’s current practices for enforcement of its Code of Conduct. |
• | establishes independent monitoring programs in conjunction with local and respected religious and human rights groups to monitor supplier and licensee compliance with the Code of Conduct. |
• | create incentives to encourage suppliers to raise standards rather than terminate contracts. |
• | implement policies for ongoing wage adjustments, ensuring adequate purchasing power and a sustainable living wage for employees of foreign suppliers and licensees. |
• | request public disclosure of contract supplier reviews on a regular basis. |
Corporate Conduct and Human Rights
Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally support proposals that call for the adoption and/or enforcement of principles or codes relating to countries in which there are systematic violations of human rights; such as the use of slave, child, or prison labor; a government that is illegitimate; or there is a call by human rights advocates, pro-democracy organizations, or legitimately-elected representatives for economic sanctions.
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SCHEDULE C
Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form
Portfolio Manager Requesting Override/Making Decision:
Portfolio Management Product Area (check one):
¨ Growth | ||||||
¨ Value | ¨ International Equity | ¨ Convertible | ||||
¨ Fixed (High Yield) | ¨ Fixed (High Grade) |
Security Issuer:
Security’s exchange ticker symbol:
Cusip #:
# of Shares held/par amount held:
Percentage of outstanding shares/par amount held:
Type of accounts holding security: Mutual Funds (name each fund):
Separate Accounts (specify number):
Other (describe):
Applicable Guidelines (check one):
¨ MacKay Standard (A or B)
¨ Other (specify):
¨ N/A
Shareholder/Bondholder/Lender Meeting Date:
Response Deadline:
Brief Description of the Matter to be Voted On:
Proposal Type (check one):
¨ Management Proposal
¨ Shareholder Proposal (identify proponent: )
Recommended vote by issuer’s management (check one): | ¨ For | ¨ Against | ¨ N/A |
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Recommended vote by ISS (check one): | ¨ For | ¨ Against | ||
¨ Abstain | ¨ N/A | |||
¨ No Recommendation | ||||
Portfolio manager recommended vote (check one): | ¨ For | ¨ Against | ||
¨ Abstain |
Describe in detail why you believe this override/decision is in the client’s best interest (attach supporting documentation):
Are you aware of any relationship between the issuer, or its officers or directors, and MacKay Shields or any of its affiliates?
¨ No ¨ Yes (describe below)
Are you aware of any relationship between the issuer, including its officers or directors, and any executive officers of MacKay Shields or any of its affiliates?
¨ No ¨ Yes (describe below)
Are you aware of any relationship between the proponent of the proxy proposal (if not the issuer) and MacKay Shields or any of its affiliates?
¨ No ¨ Yes (describe below)
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Are you aware of any relationship between the proponent of the proxy proposal (if not the issuer) and any executive officers of MacKay Shields or any of its affiliates?
¨ No ¨ Yes (describe below)
Has anyone (outside of your portfolio management area) contacted you in an attempt to influence your decision to vote this proxy matter?
¨ No ¨ Yes
If yes, please describe below who contacted you and on whose behalf, the manner in which you were contacted (such as by phone, by mail, as part of group, individually etc.), the subject matter of the communication and any other relevant information, and attach copies of any written communications.
Are you aware of any facts related to this proxy vote that may present a potential conflict of interest with the interests of the client(s) on whose behalf the proxies are to be voted?
¨ No ¨ Yes (describe below)
Certification:
The undersigned hereby certifies that to the best of his or her knowledge, the above statements are complete and accurate, and that such override/decision is in the client(s)’ best interests without regard to the interests of MacKay Shields or any related parties.
Date: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
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Product Head Concurrence with Override Request/Decision:
Date: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
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Legal/Compliance Action:
¨ Override/decision approved
¨ Referred to Compliance Committee for Further Consideration
Date: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
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MARSICO CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Statement of Policy
1. It is the policy of Marsico Capital Management, LLC (“MCM”) to seek to vote or otherwise process, such as by a decision to abstain from voting or to take no action on, proxies over which it has voting authority in the best interests of MCM’s clients, as summarized here.
• | MCM’s security analysts generally review proxy proposals as part of their monitoring of portfolio companies. Under MCM’s investment discipline, one of the qualities that MCM generally seeks in companies selected for client portfolios is good management teams that generally seek to serve shareholder interests. Because MCM believes that the management teams of most companies it invests in generally seek to serve shareholder interests, MCM believes that voting proxy proposals in clients’ best economic interests usually means voting with the recommendations of these management teams (including their boards of directors). |
• | In certain circumstances, MCM’s vote-by-vote analysis of proxy proposals could lead it to conclude that particular management or board recommendations may not appear as closely aligned with shareholder interests as MCM may deem desirable, or could be disregarded in the best interests of shareholders. In those and other circumstances, MCM may, in its sole discretion, vote against a management or board recommendation (or abstain or take no action) based on its analysis if such a vote appears consistent with the best interests of clients. |
• | MCM may process certain proxies without voting them, such as by making a decision to abstain from voting or take no action on such proxies (or on certain proposals within such proxies). Examples include, without limitation, proxies issued by companies that MCM has decided to sell, proxies issued for securities that MCM did not select for a client portfolio (such as, without limitation, securities that were selected by a previous adviser, unsupervised securities held in a client’s account, money market securities, or other securities selected by clients or their representatives other than MCM), or proxies issued by foreign companies that impose burdensome or unreasonable voting, power of attorney, or holding requirements. MCM also may abstain from voting, or take no action on, proxies in other circumstances, such as when voting may not be in the best interests of clients, as an alternative to voting with (or against) management, or when voting may be unduly burdensome or expensive, or if MCM may have a material conflict of interest in voting certain proxies and alternative voting procedures are not desirable. |
• | In circumstances when there may be an apparent material conflict of interest between MCM’s interests and clients’ interests in how proxies are voted (such as when MCM knows that a proxy issuer is also an MCM client), MCM generally will resolve any appearance concerns by causing those proxies to be “echo voted” or “mirror voted” in the same proportion as other votes, by voting the proxies as recommended by an independent service provider, or by abstaining or taking no action. In other cases, MCM might use other procedures to resolve an apparent material conflict. |
• | MCM may use an independent service provider to assist in voting proxies, keep voting records, and disclose voting information to clients. MCM’s Proxy Voting policy and reports describing the voting of a client’s proxies are available to the client on request. |
• | MCM seeks to ensure that, to the extent reasonably feasible, proxies for which MCM receives ballots in good order and receives timely notice will be voted or otherwise processed (such as through a decision to abstain or take no action) as intended under MCM’s Proxy Voting policy and procedures. MCM may be unable to vote or otherwise process proxy ballots that are not received or processed in a timely manner due to functional limitations of the proxy voting system, custodial limitations, or other factors beyond MCM’s control. Such ballots may include, without limitation, ballots for securities out on loan under securities lending programs initiated by the client or its custodian, ballots not timely |
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forwarded by a custodian, or ballots for which MCM does not timely receive essential information such as the proxy proposal itself or modifications to the required voting date. Other ballots may be voted but not counted, or may be counted in an unexpected way, because of factors such as foreign voting requirements or other limitations. |
Definitions
2. By “best interests of MCM’s clients,” MCM means clients’ best economic interests over the long term – that is, the common interest that all clients share in seeing the value of a common investment increase over time. Clients may have differing political or social interests, but their best economic interests are generally uniform.
3. By “material conflict of interest,” MCM means circumstances when MCM itself knowingly does business with a particular proxy issuer, other principal proponent of a proposal, or an entity closely affiliated with the proxy issuer or other principal proponent of a proposal, or other circumstances in which MCM may appear to have a significant conflict of interest between its own interests and the interests of clients in how proxies are voted.
Procedures: MCM Invests in Companies With Management Teams That Seek Shareholders’ Best Interests, and Usually Votes Proxies with Management Recommendations
4. MCM’s security analysts generally review proxy proposals as part of their monitoring of portfolio companies. Under MCM’s investment discipline, one of the qualities that MCM generally seeks in companies selected for client portfolios is good management teams that generally seek to serve shareholder interests. Because MCM believes that the management teams of companies it invests in generally seek to serve shareholder interests, MCM believes that voting proxy proposals in clients’ best economic interests usually means voting with the recommendations of these management teams (or their boards of directors). Therefore, when portfolio companies issue proxy proposals, MCM usually votes the proxies with management or board recommendations, because it believes that recommendations by these companies’ managements generally are in shareholders’ best interests, and therefore in the best economic interests of MCM’s clients.
5. In certain circumstances, MCM’s vote-by-vote analysis of proxy proposals could lead it to conclude that particular management or board recommendations may not appear as closely aligned with shareholder interests as MCM may deem desirable, or could be disregarded in the best interests of shareholders. For example, in some circumstances, certain proxy proposals or recommendations by management, shareholders, or other proponents – such as, without limitation, proposals that would affect corporate governance relating to anti-takeover measures, board election requirements, director qualifications, shared board and management responsibilities, capitalization changes, compensation programs, or other matters – could present circumstances in which management recommendations may not appear as closely aligned with shareholder interests as MCM in its sole discretion may deem desirable. In those and other circumstances, MCM may, in its sole discretion, vote against a management or board recommendation (or abstain or take no action) based on MCM’s analysis if in MCM’s view such a vote appears consistent with the best interests of clients. As further examples, in MCM’s sole discretion, it may vote against a management or board recommendation in order to, without limitation, support a shareholder proposal favoring safeguards against potential overreaching by management or enhancements of shareholder control that MCM believes are reasonable or appropriate, or vote against management or board recommendations in order to oppose management proposals that are not shareholder-friendly in MCM’s view.
6. MCM generally considers each proxy proposal on its merits, and periodically reassesses its views of the management teams of the companies that it invests in for clients. A decision to vote against a particular management or board recommendation or to otherwise abstain or take no action on a proxy proposal does not necessarily signal a departure from MCM’s general view that a management team or board is serving the best interests of shareholders. If MCM concludes, in its sole discretion, that a company’s management team or board no longer appears to be serving shareholders’ best interests, MCM may take any action it deems appropriate, including, without limitation, awaiting further developments, voting against selected management or board recommendations, or selling shares of the company.
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Procedures: Use of an Independent Service Provider
7. MCM may engage an independent service provider to assist with the administrative and ministerial aspects of proxy voting. The independent service provider may perform functions that include, without limitation, voting proxies for MCM in accordance with MCM’s instructions based on MCM’s Proxy Voting policy, maintaining records of proxy votes, and assisting in preparing certain reports. To minimize the possibility that MCM’s proxy votes could be affected by potential conflicts of interest that may exist between an independent service provider and a proxy issuer, MCM rarely considers directing such a service provider to vote proxies for MCM based on the service provider’s recommendations (although MCM may do so in certain circumstances discussed in “Alternative Procedures for Potential Material Conflicts of Interest” below).
Procedures: Voting/Abstention/No Action/Other Exceptions
8. MCM seeks to ensure that, to the extent reasonably feasible, proxies for which MCM receives ballots in good order and receives timely notice will be voted or otherwise processed as intended under MCM’s Proxy Voting policy and procedures. MCM employs a number of measures, including certain reconciliations and other cross-check procedures, to attempt to verify that proxies are voted or otherwise processed as intended, although such checks may not be feasible or reliable in some cases because of the complexity of the proxy voting process. MCM’s ability to vote or otherwise process proxies may be limited by many factors, including MCM’s dependence on custodians and independent proxy voting service providers to assist in processing proxies. MCM may be unable to vote or otherwise process proxy ballots that are not received or processed in a timely manner due to functional limitations of the proxy voting system, custodial limitations, or other factors beyond MCM’s control. Such ballots may include, without limitation, ballots for securities out on loan under securities lending programs initiated by a client or its custodian, ballots not timely forwarded by a custodian, or ballots for which MCM does not timely receive essential information such as the proxy proposal itself or modifications to the required voting date. Other ballots may be voted but not counted, or may be counted in an unexpected way, because of factors such as foreign voting requirements or other limitations. For example, in a few foreign markets, ballots cast by MCM may not be counted if required powers of attorney between the client and the custodian are not maintained. Also in foreign markets, ballots for securities held by a custodian in an omnibus account for multiple customers may be voted in an unexpected manner if the custodian receives different voting instructions from its customers and cannot split its vote as each customer requested.
9.a MCM may process some proxies without voting them, such as by making a decision to abstain or take no action on such proxies (or on certain proposals within such proxies). For example, if MCM has decided to sell the shares of a company, MCM generally may abstain from voting proxies or may take no action on proxies issued by the company. If MCM receives proxies relating to securities acquired as a result of an account transition (such as, without limitation, securities delivered into a newly opened MCM account that were selected by a previous adviser), MCM may choose to abstain or take no action on the proxies. MCM also may abstain or take no action on proxies issued for other securities that MCM did not select for a client portfolio (such as, without limitation, unsupervised securities held in a client’s account, or money market securities or other securities selected by clients or their representatives other than MCM).
9.b. MCM may abstain or take no action on proxies (or on certain proposals within such proxies) in other circumstances. MCM may determine, for example, that abstaining or taking no action on proxies is appropriate if voting may be unduly burdensome or expensive, such as when foreign proxy issuers impose burdensome or unreasonable voting, power of attorney, or holding requirements, or if MCM may have a material conflict of interest in voting certain proxies and alternative voting procedures are not desirable. MCM also may abstain or take no action when voting may not be in the best interests of clients in MCM’s view, or as an alternative to voting with (or against) management.
10. The procedures in this policy generally apply to all proxy voting matters over which MCM has voting authority, including changes in corporate governance structures, the adoption or amendment of compensation plans (including stock options), and matters involving social issues or corporate responsibility.
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Alternative Procedures for Potential Material Conflicts of Interest
11. In certain circumstances such as when the issuer or other proponent of a proxy proposal is also a client of MCM, it is possible that an appearance might arise of a potential conflict between MCM’s interests and the interests of affected clients in how the proxies of that issuer are voted.
12. MCM seeks to vote or otherwise process proxies in the best interests of its clients, and believes that any potential conflict of interest would not actually affect MCM’s voting of the proxies.
13. Nevertheless, when MCM is aware that a material conflict of interest (as defined in section 3 above) between MCM’s interests and clients’ interests may appear to exist, MCM generally will, to avoid appearance concerns, follow an alternative procedure rather than vote or otherwise process ballots in accordance with its own determinations. Such an alternative procedure generally would involve either:
(i) Directing an independent service provider to cause the proxies of those MCM client accounts that MCM is responsible for processing to be “echo voted” or “mirror voted” in the same proportion as the votes of other proxy holders if the service provider indicates it can do so; or
(ii) Directing the proxies of those MCM client accounts that MCM is responsible for processing to be voted in accordance with the recommendations of an independent service provider that MCM may use to assist in voting proxies. This procedure generally may be used if it can be determined that the independent service provider appears able to make such recommendations and vote in an impartial manner. In making this determination, MCM may (1) require the independent service provider to represent or otherwise demonstrate that the service provider faces no conflict of interest with respect to the vote, or (2) ask the independent service provider to disclose to MCM relevant facts concerning the firm’s relationship with the proxy issuer or other persons and certify that the service provider has taken steps to ensure that no actual conflicts exist.
MCM seeks to document the identification of any material conflict of interest and its procedure for resolving the particular conflict.
14. MCM may use other alternative procedures to address circumstances when a material conflict of interest may appear to exist, such as, without limitation:
(i) Notifying affected clients of the conflict of interest (if it is reasonably feasible to do so), and seeking a waiver of the conflict to permit MCM to vote the proxies;
(ii) Abstaining or taking no action on the proxies in cases when, without limitation, service providers cannot echo vote proxies of certain securities (such as those issued by foreign companies), or in other cases when alternative voting procedures are not desirable; or
(iii) Forwarding the proxies to clients so that clients may vote the proxies themselves.
Voting by Client Instead of MCM
15. An MCM client may elect to vote proxies for its own account instead of directing MCM to do so. MCM recommends this approach if a client believes that proxies should be voted based on political or social interests or other client-specific considerations.
16. MCM generally cannot implement client proxy voting guidelines that do not delegate full discretion to MCM, or that are not fully consistent with these procedures. In particular, MCM encourages the client to vote its own proxies if the client seeks to impose client-specific voting guidelines that may be inconsistent with MCM’s policy or with MCM’s vote-by-vote analysis. MCM does not generally advise a client on proxy voting issues when the client retains authority to handle such matters itself.
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17. MCM generally may abstain or will take no action on proxy votes relating to legal proceedings such as shareholder class actions or bankruptcy proceedings, or may refer such votes to clients.
Persons Responsible for Implementing MCM’s Policy
18. MCM’s Operations/Client Services staff has primary responsibility for implementing MCM’s Proxy Voting policy and procedures, including ensuring that proxies are timely submitted. MCM also generally uses a service provider to assist in voting proxies, recordkeeping, and other matters.
19. Members of MCM’s Investment staff, such as security analysts, generally review proxy proposals as part of their ongoing assessment of companies.
Recordkeeping
20.a. MCM or a service provider maintains, in accordance with Rule 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act:
(i) Copies of all proxy voting policies and procedures;
(ii) Copies of proxy statements received (unless maintained elsewhere as described below);
(iii) Records of proxy votes cast on behalf of clients;
(iv) Documents prepared by MCM that are material to a decision on how to vote or memorializing the basis for a decision;
(v) Written client requests for proxy voting information, and
(vi) Written responses by MCM to written or oral client requests.
20.b. MCM seeks to document instances in which it identifies a material conflict of interest, as well as the procedure utilized for resolving the particular conflict. MCM’s Operations/Client Services Department also documents certain other non-routine proxy voting issues, including: the basis for (1) any decision to vote against a management or board recommendation for reasons other than general matters affecting corporate governance issues discussed in section 5 above; and (2) any decision to abstain or take no action on a proxy that is intended by MCM to demonstrate divergence from a management or board recommendation.
20.c. MCM will not document other, more routine instances in which it may take certain actions with respect to a particular proxy, including certain situations identified in this Proxy Voting policy and procedures. MCM generally will not document, for example, the basis for routine decisions (i) to vote against corporate governance proposals such as those described above, or (ii) to abstain or take no action on proxies in circumstances (A) when foreign issuers impose burdensome or unreasonable voting, power of attorney, or holding requirements, (B) when MCM has sold or determined to sell a security, or when MCM did not select the securities for the client portfolio (such as, without limitation, securities that were selected by a previous adviser, unsupervised securities held in a client’s account, or money market securities or other securities selected by clients or their representatives other than MCM), or (C) when other routine situations arise such as those identified in section 9 above. MCM also cannot document decisions not to vote or otherwise process proxies that were not received in good order, not received in a timely fashion, or otherwise not processed for reasons beyond MCM’s control, such as in certain situations addressed in section 8 above.
21. MCM will obtain an undertaking from any service provider that the service provider will provide copies of proxy voting records and other documents promptly upon request if MCM relies on the service provider to maintain related records.
22. MCM or its service provider may rely on the SEC’s EDGAR system to keep records of certain proxy statements issued by domestic (and some foreign) issuers if the proxy statements are maintained by issuers on that system (as is generally true in the case of larger U.S. – based issuers).
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23. All proxy-related records will be maintained in an easily accessible place for five years (and at an appropriate office of MCM or a service provider for the first two years).
Availability of Policy and Proxy Voting Records to Clients
24. MCM will initially inform clients of this policy and provide information regarding how a client may learn of MCM’s voting record for the client’s securities through summary disclosure in Part II of MCM’s Form ADV. Upon receipt of a client’s request for more information, MCM will provide the client with a copy of this Proxy Voting policy. Reports describing how MCM voted proxies for the client during the period since this policy was adopted are also available upon request.
* * *
MCM’s Chief Compliance Officer will review this policy at least annually to determine whether it should be amended or updated. Any amendments to this policy require the written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer.
Approved by: | Steven Carlson /s/ | |
Title: | Chief Compliance Officer | |
Effective Date: | October 1, 2004 | |
Policy Amended: | February 10, 2006 | |
Approved by: | Steven Carlson /s/ | |
Title: | Chief Compliance Officer | |
Effective Date: | February 10, 2006 | |
Policy Amended: | July 19, 2006 | |
Approved by: | Steven Carlson /s/ | |
Title: | Chief Compliance Officer | |
Effective Date: | July 19, 2006 | |
Amendment Approved: | August 8, 2008 | |
Approved by: | Steven Carlson | |
Title: | Chief Compliance Officer | |
Effective Date: | September 1, 2008 |
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BRANDES INVESTMENT PARTNERS, L.P.
PROXY VOTING POLICY
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BRANDES INVESTMENT PARTNERS, L.P.
PROXY VOTING POLICY
I. | B-28 | |||||||
II. | B-28 | |||||||
III. | B-29 | |||||||
IV. | B-29 | |||||||
V. | B-30 | |||||||
VI. | B-30 | |||||||
VII. | B-31 | |||||||
VIII. | B-31 | |||||||
A. | B-31 | |||||||
B. | B-32 | |||||||
C. | B-32 | |||||||
D. | B-32 | |||||||
IX. | B-32 | |||||||
X. | B-32 | |||||||
XI. | B-33 | |||||||
XII. | B-34 | |||||||
XIII. | B-34 | |||||||
A. | B-34 | |||||||
B. | B-36 | |||||||
C. | Proxy Contests, Tender Offer Defenses, and Miscellaneous Governance Provisions | B-36 | ||||||
D. | B-39 | |||||||
E. | B-40 | |||||||
F. | B-42 | |||||||
G. | B-42 | |||||||
H. | B-42 | |||||||
I. | B-43 | |||||||
XIV. | PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR BRANDES INVESTMENT TRUST | B-43 |
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EFFECTIVE AS OF
MAY 1, 2009
BRANDES INVESTMENT PARTNERS, L.P.
PROXY VOTING POLICY
Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. (“Brandes”) generally is responsible for voting proxies with respect to securities held in client accounts, including clients that are pension plans subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA Plans”). This document sets forth Brandes’ policy with respect to proxy voting and its procedures to comply with SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Specifically, Rule 206(4)-6 requires that we:
• | Adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that we vote client securities in the best interest of clients; |
• | Disclose to clients how they may obtain information from us about how we voted proxies for their securities; and |
• | Describe our proxy voting policies and procedures to clients and furnish them a copy of our policies and procedures on request. |
Where Brandes is given responsibility for voting proxies, we must take reasonable steps under the circumstances to ensure that proxies are received and voted in the best interest of our clients, which generally means voting proxies with a view to enhancing the value of the shares of stock held in client accounts.
The financial interest of our clients is the primary consideration in determining how proxies should be voted. In the case of social, political, and environmental responsibility issues that in our view do not primarily involve financial considerations, it is not possible to represent fairly the diverse views of our clients and, thus, unless a client has provided other instructions, Brandes generally votes in accordance with the recommendations of management and/or a third-party proxy service provider (see discussion below) on these issues, although, on occasion Brandes abstains from voting on these issues.
When making proxy-voting decisions, Brandes generally adheres to its Proxy Voting Guidelines (the “Guidelines”), as revised from time to time by Brandes’ Corporate Governance Committee. The Guidelines are described generally in an insert to our Form ADV, Part II and on our website, and are made available to clients on request. The Guidelines, which have been developed with reference to the positions of certain third party proxy service providers, set forth Brandes’ positions on recurring issues and criteria for addressing non-recurring issues.
II. ACCOUNTS FOR WHICH BRANDES HAS PROXY VOTING RESPONSIBILITY
Brandes generally is responsible for voting proxies with respect to securities selected by Brandes and held in client accounts. Brandes’ form Investment Advisory Agreement provides that Brandes is generally responsible for proxy voting unless the client has directed Brandes to the contrary in writing. As a general rule, Brandes does not, however, vote proxies for securities not selected by Brandes but that are nevertheless held in a client account or where Brandes otherwise is not vested with discretionary authority over securities held in a client account.
Although clients may reserve to themselves or assign to another person proxy voting responsibility, certain formalities must be observed in the case of ERISA Plans. Where authority to manage ERISA Plan assets has been delegated to Brandes, this delegation automatically includes responsibility to vote proxies unless the named
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fiduciary that appointed Brandes has expressly reserved to itself or another named fiduciary proxy voting responsibility. To be effective, a reservation of proxy voting responsibility for a given ERISA Plan should:
• | Be in writing; |
• | State that Brandes is “precluded” from voting proxies because proxy voting responsibility is reserved to an identified named fiduciary; and |
• | Be consistent with the plan’s documents (which should provide for procedures for allocating fiduciary responsibilities among named fiduciaries). |
III. ADHERENCE TO CLIENT PROXY VOTING POLICIES
Although clients do not always have proxy voting policies, if a client has such a policy and instructs Brandes to follow it, Brandes will follow those instructions except in any instance in which doing so would be contrary to the economic interests of the plan or otherwise imprudent or unlawful. In the case of ERISA Plans, Brandes, as a fiduciary, is required to discharge its duties in accordance with the documents governing the plan (insofar as they are consistent with ERISA). These documents include statements of proxy voting policy.
Brandes must, to the extent possible, comply with each client’s proxy voting policy (unless in the particular situation voting in such a manner would be imprudent or otherwise inconsistent with applicable law).
IV. ARRANGEMENTS WITH PROXY SERVICE PROVIDERS
Brandes presently uses the following firms as third-party proxy service providers (“PSP”) to assist in voting proxies.
• | Risk Metrics Group (“RMG”) is a proxy research, advisory, voting and vote-reporting service that specializes in global proxy voting. RMG’s primary function with respect to Brandes is to appraise it of shareholder meeting dates of all securities holdings, translate proxy materials received from companies, provide associated research and provide considerations and recommendations for voting on particular proxy proposals. |
• | Broadridge Financial Solutions’ Proxy Edge service is an electronic proxy voting and vote-tracking service. Broadridge’s primary function with respect to Brandes is to apprise it of the shareholder meeting dates of securities holdings, forward copies of proxy materials, and vote proxies in accordance with our instructions. |
• | Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC is a leading research and professional services firm that assists institutions globally that have investment, financial or reputational exposure to public companies. It provides research and recommendations for Brandes for voting on proxy proposals. |
• | Proxy Governance, Inc. provides research and proxy voting recommendations on U.S. and non-U.S. publicly traded companies. Coverage is based on securities held in client portfolios. For non-U.S. companies, research and recommendations may be provided through partnerships with other leading proxy advisory firms, or directly by Proxy Governance when proxy materials are reasonably available in a timely manner. |
Although we may consider RMG’s and others’ recommendations on proxy issues, Brandes bears ultimate responsibility for proxy voting decisions. For ERISA Plans for which Brandes votes proxies, Brandes is not relieved of its fiduciary responsibility by following directions of a PSP or the ERISA Plans’ named fiduciaries or by delegating proxy voting responsibility to another person.
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Brandes is sensitive to conflicts of interest that may arise in the proxy decision-making process. For example, conflicts of interest may arise when: (i) proxy votes regarding non-routine matters are solicited by an issuer who has an institutional separate account relationship with Brandes; (ii) Brandes has material business relationships with participants in proxy contests, corporate directors or director candidates; or (iii) a Brandes employee has a material personal interest in the outcome of a particular matter before shareholders.
Brandes is committed to resolving all such and similar conflicts in its clients’ best interests. Brandes has developed these policies and procedures to serve the best interests of its clients, and accordingly, will generally vote pursuant to its Guidelines when conflicts of interest arise. When there are proxy voting proposals, however, that give rise to conflicts of interest that are not addressed by the Guidelines, the Corporate Governance Committee will consult the Head of Compliance (“HOC”) and the approach taken to address the conflict situation shall be documented in writing. If necessary, the Corporate Governance Committee, the HOC, and senior management will consult with an independent consultant or outside counsel to resolve material conflicts of interest. Possible resolutions of such conflicts may include: (i) voting in accordance with the guidance of an independent consultant or outside counsel; (ii) erecting information barriers around the person or persons making voting decisions; (iii) designating a person or committee to vote that has no knowledge of any relationship between Brandes and the issuer, its officers or directors, director candidates, or proxy proponents; or (iv) voting in other ways that are consistent with Brandes’ obligation to vote in its clients’ best interests.
Brandes has taken various steps to neutralize potential conflicts that may arise with PSPs, such as RMG, that also provide other products and services to issuers. RMG has made a copy of its policies, procedures and practices regarding potential conflicts of interest available to Brandes. In addition, RMG shall, on a periodic basis, provide Brandes with a list of those companies that have a business relationship with RMG. Brandes exercises best efforts to compare this list to proxies it votes on behalf of clients so that potential conflicts of interest are made known at the time of voting proxies. In addition, Brandes’ Corporate Governance Committee reviews, not less than annually, potential material conflicts of interest disclosed to Brandes by RMG. Finally, Brandes obtains additional proxy voting information from other PSPs as an additional check on the independence of the voting recommendations provided to Brandes by RMG.
VI. SPECIAL ISSUES WITH VOTING FOREIGN PROXIES
Although Brandes has arrangements with PSPs, voting proxies with respect to shares of foreign companies may involve significantly greater effort and corresponding cost due to the variety of regulatory schemes and corporate practices in foreign countries with respect to proxy voting. Logistical problems in voting foreign proxies include the following:
• | Each country has its own rules and practices regarding shareholder notification, voting restrictions, registration conditions, and share blocking. |
• | To vote shares in some countries, the shares may be “blocked” by the custodian or depository (or bearer shares deposited with a specified financial institution) for a specified number of days (usually five or fewer but sometimes longer) before or after the shareholder meeting. When blocked, shares typically may not be traded until the day after the blocking period. Brandes may refrain from voting shares of foreign stocks subject to blocking restrictions where, in Brandes’ judgment, the benefit from voting the shares is outweighed by the interest of maintaining client liquidity in the shares. This decision generally is made on a case-by-case basis based on relevant factors, including the length of the blocking period, the significance of the holding, and whether the stock is considered a long-term holding. |
• | Often it is difficult to ascertain the date of a shareholder meeting because certain countries do not require companies to publish announcements in any official stock exchange publication. |
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• | Time frames between shareholder notifications, distribution of proxy materials, book-closure and the actual meeting date may be too short to allow timely action. |
• | Language barriers will generally mean that an English translation of proxy information must be obtained or commissioned before the relevant shareholder meeting. |
• | Some companies and/or jurisdictions require that, in order to be eligible to vote, the shares of the beneficial holders be registered in the company’s share registry. |
• | Lack of a “proxy voting service” by custodians in certain countries. In countries in which custodians do not offer a “proxy voting service”, Brandes will attempt, on a best efforts basis, to lodge votes in such countries. |
• | Presence of voting fees in countries in which custodians do not offer a “proxy voting service”, may limit Brandes’ ability to lodge votes in such countries. |
Because the cost of voting on a particular proxy proposal could exceed the expected benefit to a client (including an ERISA Plan), Brandes may weigh the costs and benefits of voting on proxy proposals relating to foreign securities and make an informed decision on whether voting a given proxy proposal is prudent.
An insert to Brandes’ Form ADV, Part II and the Brandes website describe how clients may obtain information from Brandes about how we voted proxies with respect to their securities. If requested, Brandes provides clients with periodic reports on Brandes’ proxy voting decisions and actions for securities in their accounts, in such forms or intervals as the clients reasonably request. In the case of ERISA Plans, the named fiduciary that appointed Brandes is required to monitor periodically Brandes’ activities, including our decisions and actions with regard to proxy voting. Accordingly, Brandes provides these named fiduciaries on request with reports to enable them to monitor Brandes’ proxy voting decisions and actions, including our adherence (as applicable) to their proxy voting policies.
A. Role of the Reorganization Department
Brandes’ Reorganization Department is primarily responsible for receiving, processing and voting proxies for securities held in the portfolios of our clients.
Once a client account is established, the Reorganization Department will monitor for the client’s custodian to forward proxy materials it receives to Brandes and certain PSPs. The Reorganization Department is also responsible for providing the PSPs with a list of client holdings on a regular basis to enable them to track meeting dates and notify Brandes of upcoming meetings.
The Reorganization Department logs the receipt of the materials from various sources in a pending file until the PSPs provide voting recommendations electronically. The Reorganization Department confirms that the correct amount of shares, as of the record date, is generally reflected on the proxy.
It is Brandes’ general policy to have proxies voted at least forty-eight (48) hours prior to the deadline. Unfortunately, in some instances, proxy materials are received with less than a week’s time before the deadline, and in such cases, Brandes uses reasonable efforts to exercise its vote.
The Reorganization Department also compiles and maintains information, for each client for which Brandes votes proxies, showing the issuer’s name, meeting date and manner in which it voted on each proxy proposal. The Reorganization Department is also responsible for developing compliance procedures with respect to client proxy voting policies.
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B. Role of the Investments Group in Voting Proxies
Once the PSP’s recommendations and associated research are received electronically, the recommendations and associated materials are transmitted to the relevant investment research team(s) and/or investment committee(s) for consideration. In determining how to vote a given proxy, Brandes generally adheres to the Guidelines, as revised from time to time by the Corporate Governance Committee, except to the extent superseded by client proxy voting policies. Proposals not covered by the Guidelines and contested situations are, at the relevant analyst’s request, evaluated on case-by-case basis by a member of the Corporate Governance Committee and/or the relevant investment research team(s) or investment committee(s). The firm’s voting decisions are then communicated by the Reorganization Department to Broadridge, or other 3rd party voting agents.
C. Role of the Corporate Governance Committee
Brandes’ Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for setting, reviewing from time to time, but at least annually, and making appropriate changes to the firm’s position on various corporate governance issues, as set forth in the Guidelines. The Corporate Governance Committee shall also provide oversight to the firm’s investment research teams and/or investment committees from time to time on significant proxy voting proposals or issues. Generally, a member of the Corporate Governance Committee must approve a decision to vote proxies contrary to the recommendation of the PSPs.
D. Disclosures of Proxy Voting Intentions
Brandes personnel should not discuss with members of the public how Brandes intends to vote on any particular proxy proposal without the advance approval of its General Counsel. This does not restrict communications in the ordinary course of business with named fiduciaries of ERISA Plans or other clients for which Brandes votes proxies. Disclosure of Brandes’ proxy voting intentions – especially where done with the purpose or effect of influencing the management or control of a company – could trigger various restrictions under the federal securities laws, including under the proxy solicitation, beneficial ownership and short-swing profit liability provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
IX. SECURITIES SUBJECT TO LENDING ARRANGEMENTS
For various legal or administrative reasons, Brandes is often unable to vote securities that are, at the time of such vote, on loan pursuant to a client’s securities lending arrangement with the client’s custodian. Brandes will refrain from voting such securities where the costs to the client and/or administrative inconvenience of retrieving securities then on loan are perceived to outweigh the benefit of voting, assuming retrieval under such circumstances is even feasible and/or possible. In certain extraordinary situations, Brandes may seek to have securities then on loan pursuant to such securities lending arrangements retrieved by the clients’ custodians for voting purposes. This decision will generally be made on a case-by-case basis depending on whether, in Brandes’ judgment, the matter to be voted on has critical significance to the potential value of the securities in question, the relative cost and/or administrative inconvenience of retrieving the securities, the significance of the holding, and whether the stock is considered a long-term holding. There can be no guarantee that any such securities can be retrieved for such purpose.
The Brandes Reorganization Department will maintain copies of the following records for a period of five years, the first two in an easily accessible place, in accordance with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Specifically, Rule 204-2 requires that we:
• | Copies of all policies and procedures relating to proxy voting. |
• | A copy of each proxy statement received regarding client securities. |
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• | A record of each vote cast on behalf of a client. |
• | A copy of any document created by Brandes that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies on behalf of the client or that memorializes the basis for that decision. |
• | A copy of each written client request for information on how Brandes voted proxies on behalf of the client, and a copy of any written response by Brandes to any (written and oral) client request for information on how Brandes voted proxies on behalf of the requesting client. |
XI. PROXY VOTING REVIEW COMMITTEE
No less frequently than annually, the Proxy Voting Review Committee shall meet to review and discuss the operation of Brandes’ proxy voting procedures. The Committee shall consist of, at least, the following individuals:
• | The HOC (who shall act of the Chair of the committee) |
• | The General Counsel or his/her designee |
• | A representative of the Corporate Governance Committee |
• | A representative of the Reorganization Department |
• | A representative of the Research Department |
In reviewing the proxy voting procedures, the Committee shall consider the operation of the policies and procedures since the previous review, including but not limited to the following areas:
• | Operational aspects of the policies and procedures (e.g., is information getting to the necessary people in a timely fashion or have any votes been missed) |
• | Maintenance of all required records |
• | Performance of service providers (RMG, Broadridge, Glass Lewis and Proxy Governance) |
• | Conflict of interest issues |
• | Any instances where Brandes has failed to comply with its policies |
• | Any suggested revisions to the policies and procedures |
The HOC shall meet with the Office of the CEO no less frequently than annually to discuss the results of the Proxy Voting Committee’s review of the policies and procedures.
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BRANDES INVESTMENT PARTNERS, L.P.
XII. PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY
Summary
With the understanding that many of the issues below are dealt with in detail in these Proxy Voting Guidelines (the “Guidelines”), Brandes’ current policies with respect to a number of more common issues are briefly summarized as follows:
• | Brandes typically votes with the recommendations of a company’s Board of Directors on routine or non-controversial issues. |
• | In general, Brandes opposes anti-takeover proposals and supports the elimination of anti-takeover policies, unless unusual circumstances dictate otherwise. |
• | In general, Brandes supports proposals that enhance shareholder rights through protecting the ability to call special meetings, act by written consent, access proxy voting materials, and by lowering the requirement for supermajority shareholder vote requirements on certain important governance issues. |
• | It is not possible to represent fairly the diverse views of our clients on proposals regarding social, political, and environmental issues and, therefore, unless directed by a client to vote in a certain manner, we will generally vote in accordance with the recommendations of management and/or RMG or abstain from voting on the respective issues. |
• | Proposals not covered by the Guidelines and contested situations will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by a member of the relevant investment research team(s) or investment committee(s) and/or the Corporate Governance Committee, typically with reference to third-party recommendations and analysis. |
The following guidelines have been developed with reference to the positions of Risk Metrics Group (“RMG”), formerly Institutional Shareholders Services, Inc, (“ISS”). Exceptions and modifications to these guidelines may occur with respect to issues that arise relating to certain companies and/or unique circumstances in certain countries.
1. Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
We generally support the election of a company’s nominees for director and believe that the board’s nominating committee is in the best possible position to evaluate the qualification of directors and the needs of a particular board. Brandes believes that the election of a majority of independent directors is critical to long term shareholder value. In determining whether to support a board nominee, we will consider the following factors:
• | Long-term corporate performance record relative to a market index; |
• | Composition of board and key board committees; |
• | Nominee’s attendance at meetings (past two years); |
• | Nominee’s investment in the company; |
• | Whether a retired CEO sits on the board; and |
• | Whether the chairman is also serving as CEO. |
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In cases of significant votes and when information is readily available, we also review:
• | Corporate governance provisions and takeover activity; |
• | Board decisions regarding executive pay; |
• | Director compensation; |
• | Number of other board seats held by nominee; and |
• | Interlocking directorships. |
2. Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections
We review on a case-by-case basis the directors nominated for election in contested elections, considering the following factors:
• | Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry; |
• | Management’s track record; |
• | Background to the proxy contest; |
• | Qualifications of director nominees (both slates); |
• | Strategic plan of dissident nominated directors and quality of critique against management; |
• | Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); |
• | Stock ownership positions. |
3. Voting on Director Nominees by Bundled Slate
In countries where directors are voted on by slate, we will generally abstain from voting on the board of directors when presented as a slate and there is no disclosure on the individual directors.
Disclosure of director background, experience, performance and accountability to shareholder interests is favored in order that shareholders may vote appropriately for the most qualified director nominees who would add value to the management of the company.
4. Separating Chairman/CEO
We will generally vote for resolutions to separate the Chairman and CEO positions unless the company has a strong countervailing governance structure, which includes an independent lead director that is elected by and from the independent board members with clearly delineated duties, a minimum two-thirds independent board, all key committees comprised of independent directors, and established governance guidelines.
5. Majority of Independent Directors
We vote for shareholder proposals that request that the board be comprised of a majority of independent directors. In determining the independence of a board member, we base the classification on the standards issued by the primary stock exchange in which the company is listed.
We generally vote for shareholder proposals that request that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committees include independent directors exclusively.
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6. Stock Ownership Requirements
We generally vote against shareholder proposals requiring directors to own a minimum amount of company stock in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board.
7. Term of Office
We generally vote against shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors.
8. Director and Officer Indemnification and Liability Protection
Proposals concerning director and officer indemnification and liability protection are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
We generally vote against proposals to limit or eliminate entirely director and officer liability for monetary damages for violating the duty of care.
We generally vote against indemnification proposals that would expand coverage beyond just legal expenses to acts, such as negligence, that are more serious violations of fiduciary obligations than mere carelessness.
We generally vote for only those proposals that provide such expanded coverage in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if: (1) the director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company, and (2) only if the director’s legal expenses would be covered.
We generally rely on the judgment of the board’s audit committee in selecting the independent auditors that will provide the best service to the company. In doing so, we generally support the ratification or reappointment of the company’s auditor unless:
• | The auditor has a significant professional or personal relationship with the issuer that compromises the firm’s independence; |
• | There is reason to believe the auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position; or |
• | The auditors receive a significant amount of compensation for non-auditing activities or consulting activities. |
C. Proxy Contests, Tender Offer Defenses, and Miscellaneous Governance Provisions
1. Board Structure: Staggered vs. Annual Elections
We vote against proposals to classify the board.
We vote for proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.
2. Shareholder Ability to Remove Directors
We vote against proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.
We vote for proposals to restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause.
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We vote for proposals that require director nominees to be elected by the affirmative vote of the majority of votes cast at an annual meeting of shareholders, provided such proposals include adequate provisions which address vote standards in contested elections of directors.
We vote against proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.
We vote for proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.
3. Cumulative Voting
We will generally vote against proposals to eliminate cumulative voting and will generally vote for proposals to provide for or restore cumulative voting unless the company currently provides for Proxy Access or a similar structure or has adopted a Majority Vote Standard.
In situations where insider voting power is greater than 50%, i.e. controlled company, we will generally vote for proposals to provide for cumulative voting.
4. Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
We vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.
We vote for proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management.
5. Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
We vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.
We vote for proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
6. Poison Pills
We vote for shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification.
We generally vote for shareholder proposals to redeem a company’s poison pill.
We generally vote against management proposals to ratify a poison pill.
We generally advocate withholding votes from board members who adopt or renew dead-hand poison pills or their variants.
7. Greenmail
We vote for proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.
We review on case-by-case basis anti-greenmail proposals, when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments.
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8. Unequal Voting Rights
We vote against dual class exchange offers.
We vote against dual class recapitalizations.
9. Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Amend the Charter or Bylaws
We vote against management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments.
We vote for shareholder proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments.
10. Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Approve Mergers
We vote against management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations.
We vote for shareholder proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other significant business combinations.
11. Confidential Voting
We generally vote for shareholder proposals that request corporations adopt confidential voting, use independent tabulators and use independent inspectors of elections. We vote for management proposals to adopt confidential voting.
12. Equal Access
We vote for shareholder proposals that would allow significant company shareholders equal access to management’s proxy material in order to evaluate and propose voting recommendations on proxy proposals and director nominees, and in order to nominate their own candidates to the board.
13. Bundled Proposals
We review on a case-by-case basis, bundled or “conditioned” proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, we examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests, we vote against the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, we support such proposals.
14. Majority-Supported Shareholder Proposals
We will consider a recommendation on withholding votes from board members who fail to take action on shareholder proposals supported by a majority of votes cast for two consecutive years or a majority of shares outstanding for one year on a case-by-case basis. A vote to withhold votes will be based, in part, on the following principles:
• | Our “withhold” policy applies to incumbent board members and excludes new nominees to the board (i.e., those being nominated for the first time). |
• | A board ignoring two different majority-supported proposals in back-to-back years will face a “withhold” recommendation. |
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• | If after two or more years of majority votes the proposal is not resubmitted, our decision to continue withholding votes in subsequent years will be case-by-case, based on whether or not shareholders are still engaging the company on the issue in some manner, such as a “vote no” campaign. |
15. Miscellaneous Governance Provisions
All other governance related issues not specifically addressed elsewhere in these Guidelines are voted on a case-by-case basis upon evaluating each proposal on its merits, based on the particular facts and circumstances.
1. Common Stock Authorization
We review on case-by-case basis proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issue.
We vote against proposed common stock authorizations that increase the existing issued share capital by more than 100% unless a clear need for the excess shares is presented by the company.
We vote against proposed common stock authorizations without preemptive rights that are in excess of 5% of the company’s issued share capital.
2. Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends
We vote for management proposals to increase common share authorization for a stock split, provided that the split does not result in an increase of authorized but unissued shares of more than 100% after giving effect to the shares needed for the split.
3. Blank Check Preferred Authorization
We vote for proposals to create blank check preferred stock in cases when the company expressly states that the stock will not be used as a takeover defense or carry superior voting rights.
We review on a case-by-case basis proposals that would authorize the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend and distribution, and other rights.
We review on a case-by-case basis proposals to increase the number of authorized blank check preferred shares.
4. Shareholder Proposals Regarding Blank Check Preferred Stock
We vote for shareholder proposals to have blank check preferred stock placements, other than those shares issued for the purpose of raising capital or making acquisitions in the normal course of business, submitted for shareholder ratification.
5. Adjust Par Value of Common Stock
We vote for management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock.
6. Preemptive Rights
We review on case-by-case basis proposals to create or abolish preemptive rights. In evaluating proposals on preemptive rights, we look at the size of a company and the characteristics of its shareholder base.
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7. Debt Restructurings
We review on a case-by-case basis proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt-restructuring plan. We consider the following issues:
• | Dilution — How much will ownership interest of existing shareholders be reduced, and how extreme will dilution to any future earnings be? |
• | Change in Control — Will the transaction result in a change in control of the company? |
• | Bankruptcy — Is the threat of bankruptcy, which would result in severe losses in shareholder value, the main factor driving the debt restructuring? |
Generally, we vote for proposals that facilitate debt restructurings unless there are clear signs of self-dealing or other abuses.
8. Share Repurchase Programs
We vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.
E. Executive and Director Compensation
In general, we vote on a case-by-case basis on executive and director compensation plans with the view that viable compensation programs reward the creation of shareholder wealth by having high payout sensitivity to increases in shareholder value.
In evaluating a compensation plan, we consider equity-based compensation along with the cash components of pay and attempt to determine the dilutive effect both on shareholder wealth and on voting power. However, in recognition of the fact that it is difficult, if not impossible, for us to develop specific quantitative rules regarding compensation plans that apply to all companies, we instead tend to focus on the following:
• | The process used by a company to establish compensation plans. Is it fundamentally sound (i.e., is the process logical; are outside experts employed) and replete with independence? |
• | The structure of the overall compensation program. Does the total potential compensation (cash and non-cash elements) appear reasonable and fair for this company and industry? |
• | The link between compensation and the creation of long-term shareholder value. Does the plan: |
• | Incentivize long-term thinking and stewardship of the company instead of focusing on achieving short-term metrics? |
• | Provide for adequate compensation to attract and retain competent managerial talent suitable to the challenges and opportunities faced by the individual company? |
• | Directly tie incentive compensation to performance with above-average rewards only being earned if shareholders are being rewarded with above-average corporate performance? |
• | Include downside potential as well as up-side rewards without the possibility for a material “second chance” (i.e. repricing of options)? |
• | Measure performance on clearly objective criteria that are consistent with increases in shareholder value (i.e., ROIC, EVA, etc.)? |
• | Require significant ongoing share ownership by the executive or director? |
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Other factors we consider in evaluating compensation plans include the following:
1. Disclosure Policy for Compensation Plans
When reviewing compensation plans in markets where information is limited, at the very minimum, we seek to obtain information regarding (1) the total dilution level and (2) the exercise price.
In markets where certain terms are regularly disclosed and a company has not disclosed this information, we generally a vote against the plan for substandard disclosure.
2. Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation – Say-on-Pay
We will generally vote for shareholder sponsored Say-on-Pay proposals, calling for advisory votes on executive compensation, unless the company currently provides for Proxy Access or a similar structure and/or has adopted a Majority Vote Standard.
In cases where a company has adopted an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation, we will generally vote on a case-by-case basis, considering the above mentioned factors.
3. Discounted Options and Restricted Stock
We oppose discounted options and restricted stock without performance criteria, with the exception of restricted stock in U.S.-style stock option plans, which will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
We consider supporting option plans that allow for discounted options if exercise is contingent on the achievement of well defined and challenging performance criteria.
4. Options Expensing
We will generally vote for shareholder proposals to expense options. We will not support such a shareholder resolution if the company has already publicly committed to expensing options by a specific date.
5. Option Repricing
We generally oppose the repricing of options, which includes all of the following that constitute repricings
• | Reduction in exercise price of outstanding options. |
• | Cancellation and regrant of options at lower exercise prices. This will include 6&1 (six-month and one-day) cancellations/regrants and bullet options (a type of 6&1 with accelerated vesting). |
• | Substitution of restricted stock for underwater options. |
• | Buyback of underwater options and issuance of new awards. |
6. Performance-Based Stock Options
We will examine shareholder proposals advocating the use of performance-based stock options on a case-by-case basis. Voting decision will therefore take into account the following:
• | Whether the proposal mandates that all awards be performance-based. |
• | Whether the proposal extends beyond executive awards to those of lower ranking employees. |
• | Whether the company’s stock-based compensation plans meet certain shareholder value transfer criteria and do not violate our repricing guidelines. |
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7. Plan Amendments
We generally vote for amendments that improve the overall structure of given compensation plan, even if the underlying plan does not necessarily meet our guidelines.
F. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
1. Mergers and Acquisitions
Votes on mergers and acquisitions are considered on a case-by-case basis, taking into account at least the following:
• | Anticipated financial and operating benefits; |
• | Offer price (cost vs. premium); |
• | Prospects of the combined companies; |
• | How the deal was negotiated; and |
• | Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights. |
2. Corporate Restructuring
Votes on corporate restructuring proposals, including minority squeeze outs, leveraged buyouts, spin-offs, liquidations, and asset sales are considered on a case-by-case basis.
3. Spin-offs
Votes on spin-offs are considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the tax and regulatory advantages, planned use of sale proceeds, market focus, and managerial incentives.
4. Asset Sales
Votes on asset sales are made on a case-by-case basis after considering the impact on the balance sheet/working capital, value received for the asset, and potential elimination of diseconomies.
5. Liquidations
Votes on liquidations are made on a case-by-case basis after reviewing management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives, appraisal value of assets, and the compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation.
6. Appraisal Rights
We vote for proposals to restore, or provide shareholders with, rights of appraisal.
Proposals to change a company’s state or country of incorporation are reviewed on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance factors including the reason for reincorporation, a comparison of the governance provisions and jurisdictional laws, and potential economic costs and benefits.
For money market funds in which we have not selected the fund, we will not review proxies, but instead we will vote with the recommendations of a third party proxy service provider on all proposals. In rare circumstances when no such entity provides recommendations, we vote proposals in accordance with the recommendations of management.
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I. Social, Political, and Environmental Issues
In the case of social, political, and environmental responsibility issues that in our view do not primarily involve financial considerations, it is not possible to represent fairly the diverse views of our clients and, thus, unless a client has provided other instructions, we generally vote in accordance with the recommendations of RMG on these issues, although, on occasion we abstain from voting on these issues.
XIV. PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR BRANDES INVESTMENT TRUST
The Board of Trustees of Brandes Investment Trust (the “Company”) has adopted the following policy and procedures with respect to voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Company’s investment portfolio (“Fund”).
A. Proxy Voting Policy
The policy of the Company is to delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund to Brandes Investment Partners (the “Adviser”) as a part of the Adviser’s general management of the Fund, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight.
B. Fiduciary Duty
The right to vote proxies with respect to portfolio securities held by the Fund is an asset of the Company. The Adviser acts as a fiduciary of the Fund and must vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.
C. Proxy Voting Procedures
1. | At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Board its policies, procedures and other guidelines for voting proxies. In addition, the Adviser shall notify the Board promptly of materials changes to any of these documents. |
2. | At least annually, the Adviser shall provide to the Board a record of each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Fund during the year. With respect to those proxies that the Adviser has identified as involving a conflict of interest, the Adviser shall submit a separate report indicating the nature of the conflict of interest and how that conflict was resolved with respect to the voting of the proxy. For this purpose, a “conflict of interest” shall be deemed to occur when the Adviser or an affiliated person of the Adviser has a financial interest in a matter presented by a proxy to be voted on behalf of the Fund, which may compromise the Adviser’s independence of judgment and action in voting the proxy. |
D. Revocation of Authority to Vote
The delegation by the Board of the authority to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Fund may be revoked by the board, in whole or in part, at any time.
E. Annual Filing of Proxy Voting Record
1. | The Company shall include in its Form N-1A registration statement: |
a. | A description of this policy and of the policies and procedures used by the Adviser to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities; and |
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b. | A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Company’s toll-free telephone number (or through a specified Internet address or both) and on the SEC website. |
2. | The Company shall include in it Annual and Semi-Annual Report to shareholders: |
a. | A statement that a description of the policies and procedures used by or on behalf of the Company to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Fund is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Company’s toll-free telephone number or through a specified Internet address, and on the SEC website. |
b. | A statement that information regarding how the Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Company’s toll-free number (or through a specified Internet address or both) and on the SEC website. |
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APPENDIX C — SALES CHARGE WAIVERS
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
In addition to the eligible investors described in the prospectuses, the investors listed below can buy Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares, without paying a front-end sales charge:
• | Employees of Bank of America, its affiliates and subsidiaries. |
• | Employees or partners of Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC and Marsico Capital Management, LLC (or their successors). |
• | Individuals receiving a distribution from a Bank of America trust, fiduciary, custodial or other similar account may use the proceeds of that distribution to buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge, as long as the proceeds are invested in the funds within 90 days of the date of distribution. |
• | Any shareholder who owned shares of any fund of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000 (when all of the then outstanding shares of Columbia Acorn Trust were re-designated Class Z shares) and who since that time has remained a shareholder of any Fund, may buy Class A shares of any Fund without paying a front-end sales charge in those cases where a Columbia Fund Class Z share is not available. |
• | Galaxy Fund shareholders prior to December 1, 1995; and shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Prime A shares without paying a front-end sales charge and received Class A shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Prime A shares were originally bought. |
• | (For Class T shares only) Shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Retail A shares at net asset value and received Class T shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Retail A shares were originally bought; and Boston 1784 Fund shareholders on the date that those funds were reorganized into Galaxy Funds. |
Class I shares are only available to the Funds and are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class R shares and Class R4 shares are offered to certain institutional investors identified in the Fund’s prospectus. Class R shares and Class R4 shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class W shares are offered to qualifying discretionary accounts. Class W shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale from any Columbia Fund Class A, B, C or T shares within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds. In addition, shareholders of the money market fund series of BofA Funds Series Trust, which were formerly referred to as the Columbia Money Market Funds (the Former Columbia Money Market Funds), can also buy Class A shares of the Columbia Funds without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale of shares from a Former Columbia Money Market Fund within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds, provided that the proceeds are from the sale of shares of a Former Columbia Money Market Fund purchased on or before April 30, 2010. To be eligible for these reinstatement privileges the purchase must be made into an account for the same owner, but does not need to be into the same Columbia Fund from which the shares were sold. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request within 90 days after the shares are sold and the purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order.
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Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. Unless you provide your financial advisor with information in writing about all of the factors that may count toward a waiver of the sales charge, there can be no assurance that you will receive all of the waivers for which you may be eligible. You should request that your financial advisor provide this information to the Fund when placing your purchase order. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible investors, please see the prospectuses.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class T Shares)
In addition to the redemptions eligible for CDSC waivers described in the prospectuses, shareholders won’t pay a CDSC in the following circumstances:
Disability: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales after the sole shareholder on an individual account or a joint tenant on a joint tenant account becomes disabled (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the Code). To be eligible for such a waiver: (i) the disability must arise after the account is opened and (ii) a letter from a physician must be signed under penalty of perjury stating the nature of the disability. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then shares are sold, the applicable CDSC will be charged.*
Health savings accounts: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Bank of America affiliates.*
Medical payments: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on (i) shares sold for medical payments that exceed 7.5% of income and (ii) distributions made to pay for insurance by an individual who has separated from employment and who has received unemployment compensation under a federal or state program for at least twelve weeks.*
Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring pursuant to a SWP established with the Transfer Agent, to the extent that the sales do not exceed, on an annual basis, 12% of the account’s value as long as distributions are reinvested. Otherwise, a CDSC will be charged on SWP sales until this requirement is met.
Qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares (except for Class B shares) sold by certain group retirement plans held in omnibus accounts. However, CDSC may not be waived for Class C shares if the waiver would occur as a result of a plan-level termination.
Redemptions under certain retirement plans and accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with distributions from qualified retirement plans, government (Section 457) plans, individual retirement accounts or custodial accounts under Section 403(b)(7) of the Code, following normal retirement or the attainment of age 59 1?2 for shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010.**
Loans from qualified retirement plans: For Class B shares, and for Class A and Class C shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with loans from qualified retirement plans to shareholders.*
* | Fund investors and selling and/or servicing agents must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
** | For direct trades on non-prototype retirement accounts where the date of birth of the Fund shareholder is not maintained, the shareholder or selling and/or servicing agent must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
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Class I shares, Class R shares, Class R4 shares and Class W shares are sold without a CDSC.
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Distributor may, in its sole discretion, authorize the waiver of the CDSC for additional classes of investors. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible redemptions, please see the prospectuses.
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APPENDIX D — DESCRIPTION OF STATE CONDITIONS
STATE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Each Fund’s investments are highly dependent on and sensitive to the general fiscal and economic stability of the state in which the Fund invests, as well as the general fiscal and economic stability of the state’s subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, which issue the securities in which the Fund invests. The following information supplements information set forth in each Fund’s prospectuses, constitutes only a brief summary and does not purport to be a complete description of certain state-specific considerations and is provided to investors in view of each Fund’s policy of concentrating its investments in securities issued by issuers of a single state. The information is based on publicly available sources and has not been independently verified by the Adviser but is believed to be accurate in all material respects. It is expected that the information will be updated only on an annual basis and thus may be out of date at any time that you make an investment decision to purchase or sell shares of a Fund.
To the extent that any statements made below involve matters of forecasts, projections, assumptions, opinions or estimates, whether or not expressly stated to be such, they are made as such and not as representations of fact or certainty, and no representation is made that any of these statements has been or will be realized. All forecasts, projections, assumptions, opinions or estimates are “forward looking statements” that must be read with an abundance of caution and that may not be realized or may not occur in the future.
California
The following information relates specifically to the California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund (the Fund). This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, this information has been obtained from official statements, prospectuses and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of the State of California (California or the State) and local agencies in California available as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. Further, all estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
General Economic Factors.
California’s economy, the largest among the 50 states and one of the largest and most diverse in the world, has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, agriculture, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction and services. The relative proportion of the various components of the California economy closely resembles the make-up of the national economy.
In the May Revision of the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget (as defined below), released May 14, 2010 (the “2010-11 May Revision”), the California Department of Finance (the “Department of Finance”) reported that the California economy started to recover from the recession in the latter part of 2009, but projected that growth in calendar year 2010 and beyond would be slow and would continue to lag slightly behind the national economic recovery as a whole. As of May 2010, unemployment in the State was 12.4%, compared to 12.5% in January 2010 and 9.7% in January 2009. The United States unemployment rate for May 2010 was 9.7%.
Current Financial Stress.
The State experienced a severe economic recession that began in the first quarter of 2008 and ended at some point in the second half of 2009. Personal income fell in the first three quarters of 2009 before increasing moderately in the fourth quarter of 2009. Taxable sales fell sharply in the first half of 2009 before increasing
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substantially in the fourth quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2010. The State’s unemployment rate increased from 5.9% in January 2008 to 12.4% in May 2010. The rate of increase has slowed in 2010. There can be no assurances that the fiscal stress and cash pressures currently facing the State will not continue or become more difficult, or that continuing declines in State tax receipts or other impacts of the current economic situation will not further materially adversely affect the financial condition of the State.
In response to the most severe economic downturn in the United States since the Great Depression, in the State’s budget plan for fiscal year 2009-10 adopted on February 20, 2009, as amended by the revisions enacted on July 28, 2009, together with other related budget legislation (the “Amended 2009 Budget Act”), the State implemented substantial spending reductions, program eliminations, revenue increases, and other solutions in order to close an estimated $60 billion budget gap over the combined 2008-09 and 2009-10 fiscal years. The State adopted reforms in nearly every area of government to better contain costs in the future. The 2010-11 May Revision included further reductions to many programs. If these proposals are adopted, it would bring overall General Fund spending to a level well below what it was a decade ago in fiscal year 1998-99 adjusted for population and inflation growth.
The State is slowly emerging from the recession, but economic growth is modest and the level of unemployment is still very high. Consequently, baseline General Fund revenues in fiscal year 2009-10 (consisting of total revenues adjusted to remove temporary tax law changes and one-time receipts) are projected to fall by more than 20% from their peak in fiscal year 2007-08. Major components of the revenue decline are capital gains taxes ($8 billion below peak levels), income tax on wages (approximately $6 billion below peak levels), tax on other types of income ($7 billion below peak levels), sales taxes ($10 billion below peak levels), corporate taxes ($2 billion below peak levels), and all other taxes (approximately $1 billion below peak levels). Consumer spending driven by easy credit and growth in home values is also not likely to return to prior levels in the foreseeable future. Future revenues will also be affected by the expiration of temporary tax increases enacted in fiscal year 2009-10.
In January 2010, California’s projected budget gap for fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11 was $19.9 billion. The deterioration of the State’s fiscal condition since adoption of the Amended 2009 Budget Act was due to a combination of lower than projected revenues, failure to achieve expected savings (due in part to adverse court decisions), and population and caseload growth. A special session of the California Legislature in February 2010 enacted several bills that addressed approximately $2.1 billion of this gap. Further reduced revenue estimates ($0.6 billion) and higher expenditure estimates ($0.7 billion) added approximately $1.3 billion to the gap, so that the 2010-11 May Revision projected the remaining budget gap at $19.1 billion. This figure is comprised of a fiscal year 2009-10 shortfall of $7.7 billion, a fiscal year 2010-11 shortfall of $10.2 billion, and a $1.2 billion reserve for fiscal year 2010-11.
The 2010-11 May Revision proposed additional solutions to close the remaining budget gap. Additional federal funds (over and above the $2.2 billion already approved) account for $3.4 billion in solutions, a reduction from the $6.9 billion of additional federal funds contained in Governor’s Proposed Budget for the 2010-11 fiscal year released on January 8, 2010 (the “2010-11 Governor’s Budget”). Spending reductions account for $12.4 billion in solutions. Additional solutions include $1.3 billion in alternative funding and $2.1 billion in fund shifts and other revenues. In response, California Legislative leaders have proposed two different budget plans, one of which calls for significant tax increases, and another that would rely on a borrowing plan using certain significant non-General Fund revenues. All such proposals are now being considered by the California Legislature. Even if all the Governor’s proposals were to be adopted, the Administration still projects that there will be multi-billion dollar budget gaps in future years, as temporary fiscal measures adopted in recent years have to be repaid or temporary tax increases expire.
The sharp drop in revenues over the last two fiscal years also resulted in a significant depletion of cash resources to pay the State’s obligations. For a period of one month, in February 2009, the State deferred making certain payments from the General Fund in order to conserve cash resources for high priority obligations, such as
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education and debt service. By July 2009, as new budget gaps were identified and with the failure to adopt corrective actions, the State’s cash resources had dwindled so far that, commencing July 2, 2009, the State Controller began to issue registered warrants (or “IOUs”) for certain lower priority obligations in lieu of warrants (checks), which registered warrants could not be immediately cashed. The registered warrants, the issuance of which did not require the consent of the recipients thereof, bore interest. The registered warrants were all called for redemption on September 4, 2009, once the State was able to access the public credit markets for cash management purposes following enactment of the Amended 2009 Budget Act. No registered warrants were used to make high-priority payments, including debt service on bonds, payments to schools, or employee payrolls. The issuance of State registered warrants in 2009 was only the second time the State has issued State registered warrants since the 1930s.
The 2010-11 May Revision projected that the State would have sufficient cash resources to pay all of its obligations through the end of fiscal year 2009-10, including repayment of all outstanding revenue anticipation notes in June 2010 (a first maturity of $2.825 billion was paid on May 25, 2010). Legislation enacted during the fiscal emergency special session of the California Legislature in early March 2010 will provide the State with additional tools to manage cash in the summer of 2010 and during key months of the budget year by authorizing short-term deferral of certain State payments, primarily to schools and local governments. Proposals to close the budget shortfall will substantially reduce this cash gap. In addition to budget solutions, the State will need to obtain external financing early in fiscal year 2010-11. At the Governor’s direction, the Department of Finance has begun working with the State Controller’s Office and the State Treasurer’s Office to develop additional cash solutions as needed to meet the State’s payment obligations.
The national and California economies improved between the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget and the 2010-11 May Revision. Output of the national economy grew for the third consecutive quarter in the first quarter of 2010, and California payroll employment grew in four of the six consecutive months ending in March 2010. However, some sectors of both economies have yet to show any positive signs – construction being a prime example.
There are signs that home prices have begun to stabilize and have improved in many regions of the State. Existing home sales peaked during the summer of 2005 and fell steadily through November 2008. A robust recovery in sales took place between November 2008 and November 2009, as sales were boosted by the first-time homebuyers’ tax credit. The tax credit was initially set to expire at the end of November 2009, but, prior to its expiration, it was extended through April 30, 2010. Following the tax credit’s extension, there was a moderate rebound in sales in March 2010. The tax credit’s expiration on April 30, 2010, coupled with severe winter weather, caused home sales to fall again.
The longest and deepest recession in the post-Depression era is most likely over. Both the State and national economies appear poised to make modest comebacks, and many indicators released since the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget forecast have been more encouraging than originally expected. Still, the recovery will probably be moderate and prolonged by historical standards.
The pension funds managed by the State’s principal retirement systems, the California Public Employees’ Retirement System and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System, have sustained significant investment losses during the economic downturn and currently have substantial unfunded liabilities that will require increased contributions from the General Fund in future years. The State also has an unfunded liability relating to retirees’ post-employment healthcare benefits that was estimated to be $51.8 billion as of June 30, 2009.
Recent Developments.
On May 14, 2010, the Governor released the 2010-11 May Revision. The 2010-11 May Revision disclosed that General Fund revenues in April 2010 were approximately $3.6 billion lower than projected in the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget, reversing three consecutive months of revenue results that exceeded forecasts. The majority
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of the shortfall was in personal income tax receipts and occurred for several reasons. First, extraordinary amounts of 2008 capital losses were carried forward into the 2009 tax year. Second, small business owners had less income in 2009 than had been projected at the time of the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget. Lastly, in response to tax law changes, it appears that many quarterly filers paid a greater percentage of their estimated payments prior to April 2010 than was predicted at the time of the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget, thus reducing final payments in April 2010.
On May 4, 2010, a California Superior Court judge ruled in favor of the State in the case of California Redevelopment Association et al. v. Genest et al. This ruling upheld a provision in the Amended 2009 Budget Act that required redevelopment agencies around the State to transfer $1.7 billion in fiscal year 2009-10 and $350 million in fiscal year 2010-11 to support public school funding within their jurisdictions (thereby relieving the General Fund from an equal amount of payments under Proposition 98). The decision has been appealed by the redevelopment agencies; however, substantially all of the transfers have been made.
On May 19, 2010, a lawsuit was filed on behalf of individual students, school districts, and educational organizations against the State (Robles-Wong et al. v. State of California) alleging that the State’s system of financing public schools is inconsistent with the mandate of the State Constitution to support public education. The suit seeks a declaration that the current system of school financing is unconstitutional and orders for the California Legislature and Governor to devise an adequate system of school financing.
On June 9, 2010, the California Supreme Court granted review of the Court of Appeal decision upholding the Governor’s vetoes of spending in the Amended 2009 Budget Act. There is no time yet set for hearing or decision in this case but the California Supreme Court set an accelerated briefing schedule with all briefings due by July 14, 2010.
On June 14, 2010, the United States Supreme Court granted the State’s petition for review of the decision by a three-judge federal court which ordered a reduction of the State prison population. It is expected that the case will be heard and decided during the United States Supreme Court’s 2010-11 term.
A number of initiative petitions have been filed with the California Secretary of State and will be placed on the November 2, 2010, election ballot. A number of the proposals would, if ultimately approved by the voters, impact State finances in various ways, as briefly summarized below.
• | Legalize sale of marijuana, which could produce increased State revenues if taxes are levied on such sales. |
• | Raise the vehicle license fee by $18 annually and dedicate these funds to support State parks, reducing General Fund expenditures. |
• | Restrict the ability of the State to use or borrow money from local governments and moneys dedicated to transportation financing. |
• | Reduce the required vote in each house of the California Legislature to adopt the annual budget to a majority from two-thirds. |
• | Repeal certain corporate tax breaks enacted as part of the Amended 2009 Budget Act, increasing future General Fund revenues. |
On June 16, 2010, the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CaIPERS”) adopted a proposal that will increase the amount the State must contribute to CaIPERS for State employee pensions in fiscal year 2010-11. The State projects this will result in an increase in contributions of approximately $281 million, approximately 55% of which must be paid from the General Fund.
Subsequent to the 2010-11 May Revision, the Administration entered into tentative contract agreements with representatives of several bargaining units, representing more than 22,000 employees. These tentative
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agreements still require ratification by union members and the California Legislature. It is estimated that these contracts would save the State $72 million ($43 million General Fund savings) in fiscal year 2010-11.
Bond Ratings.
Three major credit rating agencies, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”), assign ratings to California long-term general obligation bonds. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the municipal bonds they rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal bonds with the same maturity, coupon, and rating may have different yields while obligations with the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield.
In April 2010, Fitch raised its rating assigned to California’s general obligation bonds from BBB to A-minus, and Moody’s raised its rating assigned to California’s general obligation bonds from Baa1 to A1. The changes in those ratings reflect a recalibration by Fitch and Moody’s, as applicable, of their United States municipal ratings from a municipal scale to a global scale, and neither change reflects a change in credit quality. In January 2010, S&P lowered its rating on California’s general obligation bonds from A to A-minus, indicating that the State’s “… severe fiscal imbalance and impending recurrence of a cash deficiency …” were factors in reaching its decision. It is not possible to determine whether or the extent to which Moody’s, S&P, or Fitch will change its respective rating on California general obligation bonds in the future.
California Finances.
General Fund. The moneys of the State are segregated into the General Fund and over 1,000 other funds, including special, bond, and trust funds. The General Fund consists of revenues received by the State Treasury and not required by law to be credited to any other fund, as well as earnings from the investment of State moneys not allocable to another fund. The General Fund is the principal operating fund for the majority of governmental activities and is the depository of most of the major revenue sources of the State. The General Fund may be expended as a consequence of appropriation measures enacted by the California Legislature and approved by the Governor (including the annual Budget Act, as defined herein), as well as appropriations pursuant to various constitutional authorizations and initiative statutes.
Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties. The State maintains a Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties (“SFEU”), which is funded with General Fund revenues and which was established to protect the State from unforeseen revenue reductions and/or unanticipated expenditure increases. The State Controller may transfer amounts in the SFEU to the General Fund as necessary to meet cash needs of the General Fund and such transfers are characterized as “loans.” The State Controller is required to return moneys so transferred without payment of interest as soon as there are sufficient moneys in the General Fund. At the end of each fiscal year, the State Controller is required to transfer from the SFEU to the General Fund any amount necessary to eliminate any deficit in the General Fund.
The legislation creating the SFEU (California Government Code Section 16418) also contains a continuous appropriation authorizing the State Controller to transfer the unencumbered balance in the General Fund to the SFEU, as of the end of each fiscal year. However, if, at the end of any fiscal year in which it has been determined that there are revenues in excess of the amount that may be appropriated, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 2 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution, this transfer shall be reduced by the amount of the excess revenues. The estimates of the transfer shall be made jointly by the State’s Legislative Analyst’s Office (the “LAO”) and the Department of Finance. For budgeting and accounting purposes, any appropriation made from the SFEU, other than appropriations contained in California Government Code Section 16418, is deemed an appropriation from the General Fund. For year-end reporting purposes, the State Controller is required to add the balance in the SFEU to the balance in the General Fund so as to show the total moneys then available for General Fund purposes.
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Budget Stabilization Account. The Balanced Budget Amendment (“Proposition 58”), approved in March 2004, created the Budget Stabilization Account (the “BSA”) as a second budgetary reserve. Beginning with fiscal year 2006-07, a specified portion of estimated annual General Fund revenues (reaching a ceiling of 3% by fiscal year 2008-09) will be transferred by the State Controller into the BSA no later than September 30 of each fiscal year unless the transfer is suspended or reduced as described below. These transfers will continue until the balance in the BSA reaches $8 billion or 5% of the estimated General Fund revenues for that fiscal year, whichever is greater. The annual transfer requirement will go back into effect whenever the balance falls below the $8 billion or the 5% target. The annual transfers can be suspended or reduced for a fiscal year by an executive order issued by the Governor no later than June 1 of the preceding fiscal year. Proposition 58 also provides that one-half of the annual transfers shall be used to retire Economic Recovery Bonds (“ERBs”) of the State issued pursuant to the California Economic Recovery Bond Act (“Proposition 57”), until a total of $5 billion has been used for that purpose. A total of $1.495 billion of the $5 billion amount has now been applied to the retirement of ERBs. See “State Indebtedness – Economic Recovery Bonds” below.
The 2007, 2008, and 2009 Budget Acts give the Director of Finance the authority to transfer moneys from the BSA back into the General Fund in an amount determined by the Director of Finance to be sufficient to ensure there is a prudent General Fund balance. Using this authority, the Director of Finance ordered the transfer of the entire balance of $1.495 billion from the BSA to the General Fund to address a fiscal emergency proclaimed by the Governor on January 10, 2008. Once moneys are transferred out of the BSA, pursuant to the authority, they will not be replenished by a future fiscal year’s annual transfer unless the California Legislature, by statute, directs additional funds to be transferred from the General Fund into the BSA. Separate from the foregoing process for a budgetary transfer, the BSA may be used to make temporary loans to the General Fund, which must be repaid when the General Fund has available cash, as described under “Inter-Fund Borrowings” below.
In light of the condition of the General Fund, the Governor issued an Executive Order on May 28, 2008, suspending the fiscal year 2008-09 transfer of $3.018 billion from the General Fund to the BSA, as had been proposed in the Governor’s proposed budget for fiscal year 2008-09, released on January 10, 2008 (the “2008-09 Governor’s Budget”). Due to a drastic decline in General Fund revenues, the Governor issued an Executive Order on May 29, 2009, suspending the fiscal year 2009-10 transfer estimated at approximately $2.8 billion from the General Fund to the BSA. The 2010-11 May Revision retained the January 10 proposal to suspend the fiscal year 2010-11 transfer estimated at approximately $2.7 billion from the General Fund to the BSA. There are currently no moneys in the BSA.
Inter-Fund Borrowing. Inter-fund borrowing is used to meet temporary imbalances of receipts and disbursements in the General Fund. In the event the General Fund is or will be exhausted, the State Controller is required to notify the Governor and the Pooled Money Investment Board (“PMIB”) (comprised of the Director of Finance, the State Treasurer, and the State Controller). The Governor may then order the State Controller to direct the transfer of all or any part of the moneys not needed in Special Funds to the General Fund, as determined by the PMIB. All money so transferred must be returned to the special fund from which it was transferred as soon as there is sufficient money in the General Fund to do so. Transfers cannot be made which will interfere with the objective for which such special fund was created, or from certain specific funds. In general, when moneys transferred to the General Fund in any fiscal year from any special fund pursuant to the inter-fund borrowing mechanism exceed 10% of the total additions to such special fund as shown in the statement of operations of the preceding fiscal year as set forth in the Budgetary/Legal Basis Annual Report of the State Controller, interest must be paid on such excess at a rate determined by the PMIB to be the current earning rate of the Pooled Money Investment Account (“PMIA”). This provision does not apply to temporary borrowings from the BSA or other accounts within the General Fund.
The amount of loans from the SFEU, the BSA, and other internal sources to the General Fund as of the end of any month is displayed in the most recent State Controller’s Statement of General Fund Cash Receipts and Disbursements, on the first page under “Borrowable Resources – Outstanding Loans.” Copies of the State
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Controller’s monthly Statement of General Fund Cash Receipts and Disbursements are available at the State Controller’s website. Neither the State Controller’s website, nor any of the information contained therein, is incorporated herein by this reference and no representation is made as to the accuracy of the information contained therein.
Any determination of whether a proposed borrowing from one of the Special Funds is permissible must be made with regard to the facts and circumstances existing at the time of the proposed borrowing. The State Attorney General has identified certain criteria relevant to such a determination. For instance, amounts in the Special Funds eligible for inter-fund borrowings are legally available to be transferred to the General Fund if a reasonable estimate of expected General Fund revenues, based upon legislation already enacted, indicates that such transfers can be paid from the General Fund promptly if needed by the Special Funds or within a short period of time if not needed. In determining whether this requirement has been met, the Attorney General has stated that consideration may be given to the fact that General Fund revenues are projected to exceed expenditures entitled to a higher priority than payment of internal transfers, i.e., expenditures for the support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education.
At the November 1998 election, voters approved Proposition 2. This proposition requires the General Fund to repay loans made from certain transportation special accounts (such as the State Highway Account) at least once per fiscal year, or up to 30 days after adoption of the annual Budget Act. Since the General Fund may re-borrow from the transportation accounts any time after the annual repayment is made, the proposition does not have any adverse impact on the State’s cash flow.
In connection with the adoption of the 2008 Budget Act, statutory changes sponsored by the Administration were enacted to clarify 18 existing State funds as borrowable resources for General Fund cash flow purposes. These funds increased the total amount of borrowable resources by approximately $3.5 billion as of September 2008. An additional $500 million of additional borrowable resources were previously made available in August 2008 as a result of administrative actions taken by the State Controller.
The February 2009 Budget Act also included clarification of an additional 19 funds as borrowable resources for General Fund cash flow purposes. These funds provide approximately $2 billion of additional borrowable cash to the General Fund.
In addition to temporary inter-fund cash flow borrowings described in this section, budgets enacted in the current and past fiscal years have included other budgetary transfers and long-term loans from special funds to the General Fund. In some cases, such budgetary loans and transfers have the effect of reducing internal borrowable resources.
The California Budget.
The Budget Process. California’s fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30 of the following year. The State’s General Fund budget operates on a legal basis, generally using a modified accrual system of accounting for its General Fund, with revenues credited in the period in which they are measurable and available and expenditures debited in the period in which the corresponding liabilities are incurred.
The California Constitution specifies that an annual budget shall be proposed by the Governor by January 10 of each year for the next fiscal year (the “Governor’s Budget”). Under State law, the annual proposed Governor’s Budget cannot provide for projected expenditures in excess of projected revenues for the ensuing fiscal year. State law also requires the Governor to update the Governor’s Budget projections and budgetary proposals by May 14 of each year (the “May Revision”). The May Revision is normally the basis for final negotiations between the Governor and Legislature to reach agreement on appropriations and other legislation to fund State government for the ensuing fiscal year (the “Budget Act”). The Budget Act must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote of each House of the California Legislature. As required by the Balanced Budget
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Amendment (“Proposition 58”), beginning with fiscal year 2004-05, the California Legislature may not pass a budget bill in which General Fund expenditures exceed estimated General Fund revenues and fund balances at the time of the passage and as set forth in the budget bill.
Under the State Constitution, money may be drawn from the State Treasury only through an appropriation made by law. The primary source of annual expenditure appropriations is the annual Budget Act as approved by the California Legislature and signed by the Governor. The Budget Act must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote of each House of the California Legislature. The Governor may reduce or eliminate specific line items in the Budget Act or any other appropriations bill without vetoing the entire bill. Such individual line-item vetoes are subject to override by a two-thirds majority vote of each House of the California Legislature. An initiative Constitutional amendment will be included on the November 2, 2010, election ballot that would reduce the required vote to adopt a budget bill to majority from two-thirds.
Appropriations also may be included in legislation other than the Budget Act. Except as noted in the previous paragraph and in the next sentence, bills containing General Fund appropriations must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote in each House of the California Legislature and be signed by the Governor. Bills containing appropriations for K-12 schools or community colleges (“K-14 education”) require only a simple majority vote. Continuing appropriations, available without regard to fiscal year, may also be provided by statute or the State Constitution.
Funds necessary to meet an appropriation are not required to be in the State Treasury at the time an appropriation is enacted; revenues may be appropriated in anticipation of their receipt.
Constraints on the Budget Process. Over the years, a number of laws and constitutional amendments have been enacted, often through voter initiatives, which have increased the difficulty of raising State taxes, restricted the use of the General Fund or special fund revenues, or otherwise limited the California Legislature and the Governor’s discretion in enacting budgets. Historic examples of provisions that make it more difficult to raise taxes include Proposition 13, passed in 1978, which, among other things, required that any change in State taxes enacted for the purpose of increasing revenues collected pursuant thereto, whether by increased rates or changes in computation, be approved by a two-thirds vote in each House of the California Legislature. Examples of provisions restricting the use of General Fund revenues are Proposition 98, passed in 1988, which mandates that a minimum amount of General Fund revenues be spent on local education, and Proposition 10, passed in 1998, which raised taxes on tobacco products and mandated how the additional revenues would be expended.
Recent Constitutional amendments approved by the voters have also affected the budget process. These include Proposition 58, approved in 2004, which requires the adoption of a balanced budget and restricts future borrowing to cover budget deficits; Proposition 49, approved in 2002, which requires the expansion of funding for before and after school programs; Proposition 63, approved in 2004, which imposes a surcharge on taxable income of more than $1 million and earmarks this funding for expanded mental heath services; Proposition 1A, approved in 2004, which limits the California Legislature’s power over local revenue sources; and Proposition 1A, approved in 2006, which limits the California Legislature’s ability to use sales taxes on motor vehicle fuels for any purpose other than transportation.
The 2009-10 Budget. The State’s budget for fiscal year 2009-10 was enacted in an unusual sequence. The 2008 Budget Act was one of the latest ever enacted, having been delayed until mid-September 2008 as a result of the difficulty of balancing the budget with reduced revenues, as declining economic conditions were already evident. The 2008 Budget Act, however, was based on revenue assumptions made in the spring of 2008, which proved to be greatly overstated by the time actual revenue results for September and October 2008 were received. With the financial market meltdown starting in September 2008, which resulted in massive federal assistance and caused large drops in stock market and other asset values and reductions in consumer spending, projections of tax revenues, which are heavily dependent on capital gains taxes and sales taxes, had to be dramatically reduced. In November 2008, the Governor announced that the 2008 Budget Act would be billions of dollars out of balance, and called several special sessions of the California Legislature to enact corrective actions.
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Because of strong disagreement in the California Legislature as to the amount of corrective actions that would be taken by tax increases versus expenditure reductions, a compromise was not reached until February 2009. At that time, the February 2009 Budget Package was enacted which included modifications to the 2008 Budget Act and the enactment, more than four months early, of a full budget act for fiscal year 2009-10.
Initial 2009 Budget Act. The Initial 2009 Budget Act was adopted by the California Legislature on February 19, 2009, along with a number of implementing measures, and signed by the Governor on February 20, 2009. In February 2009, the State enacted $36 billion in solutions to what was then estimated to be a $42 billion General Fund budget gap for the combined 2008-09 and 2009-10 fiscal years. It also provided for five budget-related measures that would have provided an estimated $6 billion in additional budget solutions, to be placed before the voters on May 19, 2009. These measures were all rejected by the voters.
Under the Initial 2009 Budget Act, based on then-current assumptions about the State’s financial circumstances, and assuming receipt of approximately $8.0 billion of federal stimulus funds to offset General Fund costs ($4.9 billion of which was assumed to be received in fiscal year 2009-10) and voter approval of various ballot measures, General Fund revenues and transfers were projected to increase 9.3%, from $89.4 billion in fiscal year 2008-09 to $97.7 billion in fiscal year 2009-10. The Initial 2009 Budget Act contained General Fund appropriations of $92.2 billion, compared to $94.1 billion in fiscal year 2008-09, a 2.0% decrease. The June 30, 2010, total reserve was projected to be $2.1 billion, an increase of $5.5 billion compared to the estimated June 30, 2009, reserve deficit of negative $3.4 billion. The Amended 2009 Budget Act reflected vetoes by the Governor of $1.305 billion in appropriations from the General Fund, special funds, and bond funds (including $957.2 million in General Fund appropriations).
After adoption of the Initial 2009 Budget Act, the State continued to experience significant declines in revenues and other financial pressures. On May 14, 2009, the Governor released the May Revision of the Initial 2009 Budget Act (as subsequently updated, “2009-10 May Revision”). Together with subsequent revisions, the 2009-10 May Revision identified a further budget shortfall through the 2009-10 fiscal year of approximately $24 billion.
Amended 2009 Budget Act. On July 24, 2009, the California Legislature approved the amendments to the Initial 2009 Budget Act and the Governor signed the Amended 2009 Budget Act on July 28, 2009. The Amended 2009 Budget Act included another $24 billion in solutions to address the further deterioration of the State’s fiscal situation identified in the 2009-10 May Revision. Under the Amended 2009 Budget Act, General Fund revenues and transfers were projected to increase 6.4%, from a revised $84.1 billion in fiscal year 2008-09 to $89.5 billion in fiscal year 2009-10. A significant element of this increase was projected to come from certain new revenues enacted in February 2008. See “New Revenues” below. The Amended 2009 Budget Act contained General Fund appropriations of $84.6 billion in fiscal year 2009-10, compared to $91.5 billion in fiscal year 2008-09, a 7.5% decrease. The June 30, 2010, total reserve was projected to be $500 million as compared to the revised June 30, 2009, reserve of negative $4.5 billion. Subsequent events after adoption of the Amended 2009 Budget Act exceeded the reserve such that the Administration, as of May 2010, projected that fiscal year 2009-10 would end with a negative balance of $6.8 billion at June 30, 2010. The discussion below describes some of the elements of the Amended 2009 Budget Act that could not be implemented as originally expected.
The Amended 2009 Budget Act contained the following major General Fund components:
1. Addressing the Deficit. The $60 billion in budget solutions adopted for the combined fiscal years 2008-09 and 2009-10 ($36 billion in solutions were adopted in February 2009 and $24 billion in July 2009) were wide-ranging and touched all three of the State’s major revenue sources (personal income taxes, corporation taxes, and sales and use taxes). Spending cuts were implemented in virtually every State program that receives General Fund support. The budget solutions included spending reductions of $31.0 billion (52% of total solutions). The spending reductions consisted primarily of reductions in education spending under Proposition 98 ($14.9 billion reduction), higher education ($3.3 billion reduction), employee compensation ($2.0 billion reduction), and reductions in other spending due to the use of redevelopment agency revenues and fund balances to pay costs that
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would otherwise be payable from the General Fund ($1.7 billion reduction). The budget solutions also included an estimated receipt of $8.0 billion (13% of total solutions) of federal stimulus funds to be used to offset General Fund expenditures. Additional solutions included $12.5 billion of tax increases (21% of total solutions), and $8.4 billion of other solutions (14% of total solutions). Significant elements of the budget solutions include:
• | Proposition 1A of 2004 Borrowing from Local Governments. The Amended 2009 Budget Act authorized the State to exercise its borrowing authority under Proposition 1A, approved in the November 2004 election (“Proposition 1A of 2004”) to borrow from local agencies up to 8% of their fiscal year 2008-09 property tax revenues. The State utilized this authority and the borrowing generated $1.998 billion that was used to offset General Fund costs for a variety of court, health, corrections, and K-12 programs. The borrowed sums must be repaid by the State, with interest, by June 15, 2013. |
• | Redevelopment Agency Borrowing. The Amended 2009 Budget Act also contained a shift of $1.7 billion in local redevelopment agency funds to the State from current revenues and reserves in fiscal year 2009-10 and $350 million in fiscal year 2010-11. Under the Amended 2009 Budget Act, these revenues are ultimately shifted to schools that serve the redevelopment areas. An association of redevelopment agencies, and a group of counties, have filed separate suits to block this transfer that, if successful, could adversely affect the State’s financial condition. However, substantially all of the required transfers have been made. In May 2010, a trial court ruled in favor of the State in this challenge; the decision has been appealed. Subsequent to enactment of the Amended 2009 Budget Act, the California Legislature also passed clean-up legislation authorizing redevelopment agencies to borrow from prior-year balances in the low and moderate income housing funds to make the fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11 payments. |
• | Payroll Shift. One-time savings of $1.618 billion ($937.6 million General Fund) from shifting the payments for employee payroll covering the pay period ending June 30, 2010, to July for all entities that are paid through the Uniform State Payroll System. This shift will be repeated on an annual basis. This payment shift excludes the University of California, Community Colleges, staff of the California Legislature, the California Exposition and State Fair, and local trial courts. |
• | State Compensation Insurance Fund Sale. One-time revenues of $1 billion from the sale of certain assets of the State Compensation Insurance Fund (“SCIF”). Because of pending litigation, the State no longer expects the sale of SCIF assets to occur in fiscal years 2009-10 or 2010-11. |
2. Federal Stimulus. The Amended 2009 Budget Act assumed the receipt of at least $8 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) to offset General Fund expenditures in fiscal years 2008-09 and 2009-10. Final estimates put this amount at approximately $8.7 billion. As of May 19, 2010, approximately $7.8 billion has been received by the State, and the remainder is expected by the end of June 2010.
3. Cash Flow Management. The deterioration of revenues resulted in a cash shortage in fiscal years 2008-09 and 2009-10. In order to manage cash flow and provide for timely payments of the State’s obligations, the Amended 2009 Budget Act included a number of cash solutions to better balance timing of receipts and disbursements. Further cash management solutions were adopted by the California Legislature as part of a special session in early 2010. The State expects to be able to meet its payment obligations in the final months of fiscal year 2009-10 through administrative actions.
4. Proposition 98. As of the Amended 2009 Budget Act, the minimum funding guarantee under Proposition 98 for K-14 education (the “Proposition 98 Guarantee”) for fiscal year 2009-10 was projected to be $50.4 billion, of which $35.0 billion was the General Fund portion. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, the Proposition 98 Guarantee for fiscal year 2009-10 was projected to be $49.9 billion, of which $34.7 billion was the General Fund portion.
5. K-12 Education. The Amended 2009 Budget Act included $66.7 billion for K-12 education programs for fiscal year 2009-10, of which $35.0 billion was funded from the General Fund. As of the Amended 2009 Budget
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Act, total per-pupil expenditures were projected to be $11,259 in fiscal year 2009-10. Revised estimates in the 2010-11 May Revision reflected $65.9 billion for K-12 education programs for fiscal 2009-10, of which $35.9 billion was funded from the General Fund. Revised estimates in the 2010-11 May Revision reflected that total per-pupil expenditures were projected to be $11,121 in fiscal year 2009-10.
6. Higher Education. The Amended 2009 Budget Act reflected total funding of $20.9 billion, including $12.5 billion General Fund and Proposition 98 sources, for all major segments of higher education (excluding infrastructure and stem cell research), including approximately $2 billion from local property taxes that are included in the Proposition 98 Guarantee and expended on California Community Colleges. The 2010-11 May Revision included total funding of $20.5 billion for fiscal year 2009-10, including $12.6 billion General Fund and Proposition 98 sources for all major segments of higher education (excluding infrastructure and stem cell research).
7. Health and Human Services. The Amended 2009 Budget Act included $24.8 billion in non-Proposition 98 General Fund expenditures for health and human service programs for fiscal year 2009-10. Due to the State’s severe fiscal shortfall, the Amended 2009 Budget Act included $5.8 billion in proposed General Fund expenditure reductions in health and human services programs in fiscal year 2009-10. Apart from the reduction in General Fund funding for these programs, the Amended 2009 Budget Act reflected significant General Fund relief for Health and Human Services programs resulting from the ARRA. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, non-Proposition 98 General Fund expenditures for health and human service programs for fiscal year 2009-10 were projected to be $24.9 billion.
8. Transportation Funding. The Amended 2009 Budget Act included $1.441 billion of General Fund expenditures to fully fund local transportation programs under Proposition 42 in fiscal year 2009-10. Additionally, the Amended 2009 Budget Act directed $1.015 billion of funds from sales tax on fuels to offset costs of programs otherwise likely to be funded from the General Fund such as debt service on transit bonds and other transportation programs. Of this amount, approximately $878 million was for uses substantially similar to those that were the subject of litigation related to the 2008 Budget Act. On September 30, 2009, the State Supreme Court denied review of an adverse Court of Appeal decision in Shaw v. Chiang, which invalidated the use of these funds as appropriated. Consequently, these fuels sales taxes were retained in the public transportation account for appropriation. These funds are “borrowable” for short-term General Fund cash needs. Chapters 11 and 12, Statutes of 2010, were passed in the special session providing General Fund relief by eliminating the State sales tax on gas and increasing the State gas excise tax by a like amount. This effectively eliminates funding subject to the provisions of Proposition 42 and significantly reduces the funding going into the public transportation account, eliminating the so-called spillover allocation. Fuel excise tax revenues will be used to offset highway bond debt service thus providing increasing General Fund relief beginning in fiscal year 2009-10 and growing in future years. (Approximately $603 million of relief is projected for fiscal year 2010-11.) Remaining public transportation account funds and new diesel sales tax revenues are used to offset transit bond debt service allowable under the court ruling in fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11. After these two fiscal years, the statute provides for no further use of public transportation account for debt service offset. Additionally, $650 million of excise tax proceeds available from this legislation in fiscal year 2010-11 is proposed to be lent to the General Fund. This funding is available without diminishing previously anticipated transportation program levels and will be repaid in three years.
The special session transportation legislation provides for ongoing highway and local road funding similar in distribution to the former provisions that governed Proposition 42 funds (sales tax on gasoline). Increased funding is provided for the State Highway Operations and Protection Program (highway safety and rehabilitation projects, primarily) as well as local streets and roads and the State Transportation Improvement Program (capacity projects, primarily). The legislation provides approximately $350 million in ongoing annual transit operations grants with a one-time appropriation of $400 million for fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11. Two initiatives have been submitted for the November 2010 ballot that, if either is approved, limit the ability of the State to implement the transportation legislation.
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9. Budget Stabilization Account. Pursuant to Proposition 58, the State normally would be required to set aside a specified portion of estimated annual General Fund revenues for fiscal year 2009-10 in the BSA for reserves that may be used to offset future shortfalls in the General Fund. Given the magnitude and urgency of the State’s ongoing financial stress, in accordance with Proposition 58, the Amended 2009 Budget Act suspended the transfer to the BSA for fiscal year 2009-10.
10. Prison Funding. The Amended 2009 Budget Act included $7.9 billion in General Fund expenditures for the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (“CDCR”). In arriving at this figure, a total of $1.2 billion of savings for CDCR operations was assumed. Due to the delay in passage of legislation, and the failure of the California Legislature to adopt certain prison and parole reforms requested by the Governor, actual savings were approximately $587 million, with the result that CDCR costs were approximately $613 million higher than assumed in the Amended 2009 Budget Act, not including any changes as of the 2010-11 May Revision. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, CDCR costs in fiscal year 2009-10, excluding debt service and savings from employee compensation, were projected to exceed the level included in the Amended 2009 Budget Act by $906.6 million.
Fiscal Year 2009-10 Revised Estimates in the 2010-11 May Revision. The 2010-11 May Revision revised various revenue and expenditures estimates for fiscal year 2009-10. The 2010-11 May Revision projected, based on the various assumptions and proposals it contains, that the State would end fiscal year 2009-10 with a negative reserve of $6.8 billion, compared to the estimate of a negative $5.4 billion reserve at the time of the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget.
The 2010-11 May Revision reflected a net increase of $493.1 million in the General Fund beginning balance at the start of fiscal year 2009-10, since the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget. This change in the starting balance is primarily due to the following components:
• | $317.4 million increase in fiscal year 2009-10 Corporate Income Tax accruals; |
• | $184.1 million increase in fiscal year 2008-09 Proposition 98 savings. |
As of the 2010-11 May Revision, General Fund revenues and transfers for fiscal year 2009-10 were projected at a revised $86.5 billion, a decrease of $1.563 billion compared with the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget estimates. This change is primarily made up of the following components:
• | $2.619 billion decrease in personal income tax; |
• | $816 million increase in sales and use tax; |
• | $240 million increase in other revenues and transfers. |
Under the 2010-11 May Revision, General Fund expenditures for fiscal year 2009-10 were projected at $86.5 million, an increase of $373 million compared with the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget estimates. This increase in expenditures is primarily attributable to an increase in Proposition 98 expenditures of $1.2 billion, and a decrease in non-Proposition 98 expenditures of $803.3 million. The increase in Proposition 98 expenditures is primarily due to a decrease in Proposition 1A and redevelopment agency offset.
The non-Proposition 98 expenditure decrease is due primarily to the combined effects of an $814 million increase in health and human services expenditures, a decrease of $367.9 million in borrowing costs, increased federal funds offsets of $430.5 million, and an increase in Proposition 1A and redevelopment agency offsets of $890.2 million (previously budgeted as offset to Proposition 98 expenditures).
Budget Risks. The Amended 2009 Budget Act was based on a variety of assumptions. As described above, actual circumstances or conditions in fiscal year 2009-10 have differed from such assumptions in material respects, and the State’s financial condition may continue to be adversely impacted.
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As of June 13, 2010, budget risks still remaining for the 2009-10 fiscal year included, but were not limited to, the following:
• | Actual revenues through the end of fiscal year 2009-10 may be below projected amounts. |
• | Delays in or inability of the State to implement budget solutions, or increased costs, as a result of litigation. The following cases dealing with elements of the Amended 2009 Budget Act are still pending: |
• | There are almost three dozen separate cases dealing with the Governor’s furlough of State employees ($1.3 billion potential General Fund impact). The State Supreme Court has granted review of several cases, and several others are pending before the Court of Appeal. (In March 2010, the California Legislature passed legislation exempting from furlough State workers paid from sources other than the General Fund. The Governor vetoed this bill.); and |
• | Potential court orders for the State to expend moneys for prison healthcare improvements, in excess of the amounts included in the Amended 2009 Budget Act. |
Although appeals are continuing, the Governor has prevailed at lower court levels on several cases challenging aspects of the Amended 2009 Budget Act, including his vetoes of appropriations in July 2009 and the transfer of redevelopment agency moneys.
New Revenues. The Amended 2009 Budget Act included several major changes in General Fund revenues described below. The Amended 2009 Budget Act did not include any additional tax increases over those provided for pursuant to the Initial 2009 Budget Act, though it did include certain tax law changes intended to increase tax compliance and accelerate some revenues that were not in the Initial 2009 Budget Act.
As part of the Initial 2009 Budget Act passed in February 2009, the following tax and fee increases were adopted:
• | Temporary Sales Tax Increase. Effective April 1, 2009, the General Fund sales and use tax rate was temporarily increased by 1 cent, from 5% to 6% . This tax increase will be in effect through June 30, 2011. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, this tax law change was expected to generate additional sales tax revenues of $4.299 billion in fiscal year 2009-10 and $4.223 billion in fiscal year 2010-11 for the General Fund. |
• | Vehicle License Fees. Effective May 19, 2009, vehicle license fees were temporarily increased from 0.65% to 1.15% with 0.35% going to the General Fund and 0.15% going to the Local Safety and Protection Account for local law enforcement grant programs previously funded from the General Fund. Vehicle license fees apply to the value of the vehicle (initially its market value and then subject to a standard depreciation schedule). This increase will remain in effect through June 30, 2011. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, this law change was expected to generate additional revenues of approximately $1.386 billion in fiscal year 2009-10 and $1.472 billion in fiscal year 2010-11. |
• | Personal Income Tax Surcharge. The Initial 2009 Budget Act provided for a temporary addition of 0.25% to each personal income tax rate for tax years 2009 and 2010. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, this change is expected to generate approximately $2.707 billion of additional General Fund revenues in fiscal year 2009-10 and $1.073 billion in fiscal year 2010-11. |
• | Dependent Exemption Credit Reduction. The Initial 2009 Budget Act included a temporary reduction in the personal income tax-exemption credit for dependents to the amount provided for the personal credit for tax years 2009 and 2010 from $309 to $99 (tax year 2008 values). As of the 2010-11 May Revision, this change was expected to generate approximately $1.429 billion of additional General Fund revenues in fiscal year 2009-10 and $700 million in fiscal year 2010-11. |
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The Amended 2009 Budget Act, passed in July 2009, included tax law changes affecting the General Fund as described below:
• | Non-Retailer Registration for Use Tax. Under current law in 2009, non-retailers – those who do not sell tangible personal property – were not required to register with the State Board of Equalization (“BOE”). This law change requires non-retailers that hold a business license and have at least $100,000 in gross receipts to register with the BOE and submit a return that details purchases made during the year that were subject to the use tax yet for which no use tax was paid. This law change was expected to increase General Fund sales and use tax revenue by $26 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $123 million in fiscal year 2010-11, with increasing amounts thereafter. |
• | Accelerate Estimated Tax Payments. Under current law in 2009, individuals and corporations were required to pay 30% each with the first two estimated payments, and 20% each for the last two estimated payments. Under this law change, beginning with the 2010 tax year, the first quarter estimated payment percentage will remain at 30% payable on April 15, the second quarter will increase to 40% payable on June 15, the third estimated payment will be eliminated, and the fourth quarter estimated payment will increase from 20% to 30% payable on December 15 for corporations and January 15 for individuals. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, this law change was expected to accelerate $1.295 billion into fiscal year 2009-10 ($672 million in personal income tax receipts and $623 million in corporate tax receipts) and $98 million in fiscal year 2010-11 ($60 million in personal income tax receipts and $38 million in corporate tax receipts). |
• | Accelerate Wage Withholding. This tax law change increased current wage withholding rates by 10% and, as of the 2010-11 May Revision, was expected to accelerate $1.6 billion of personal income tax receipts into fiscal year 2009-10. |
• | Require Backup Withholding. Under current federal law, gambling winnings reported on Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form W2G and payments made by banks and businesses reported on various IRS 1099 forms may be subject to backup withholding on those payments. Payments reported on IRS 1099 forms include payments to independent contractors, rents, commissions, and royalty payments. This law change conformed State law to federal law by requiring a withholding rate of 7% for State purposes whenever it is required for federal purposes. As of the 2010-11 May Revision, this law change was expected to increase personal income tax revenues by $32 million in fiscal year 2009-10 followed by an additional $31 million in fiscal year 2010-11. |
State Office Building Sales Program. Pursuant to legislation enacted in 2009, the State Department of General Services (“DGS”) has solicited proposals for the disposition of 11 State office properties, through a sale, lease, or a sale with an option to lease back. A large number of bids were received in April 2010 and the DGS is still conducting due diligence on the bids received. Once a preferred buyer has been identified, DGS will notify the California Legislature. Under current law, the California Legislature has 30 days to review the sales agreement, but a bill adopted unanimously by the Assembly on June 3, 2010 (AB 2605) would require affirmative California Legislative approval for the building sale to proceed. This bill is pending in the Senate. At this time, the amount of potential revenue from the proposed sale is unknown. The 2010-11 May Revision assumed approximately $600 million of one-time net revenues to the General Fund over the next three years from the sale. (Approximately $1.1 billion of other sale proceeds would have to retire existing debt used to construct some of the buildings.)
State Indebtedness.
The California Treasurer (the “Treasurer”) is responsible for the sale of debt obligations of the State and its various authorities and agencies. The State has always paid when due the principal of and interest on its general obligation bonds, general obligation commercial paper notes, lease revenue obligations, and short-term obligations, including revenue anticipation notes and revenue anticipation warrants.
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General Obligation Bonds. The State Constitution prohibits the creation of general obligation indebtedness of the State unless a bond measure is approved by a majority of the electorate voting at a general election or a direct primary. General obligation bond acts provide a continuing appropriation from the General Fund of all debt service payments on general obligation bonds, subject only to the prior application of moneys in the General Fund to the support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education. Under the State Constitution, the appropriation to pay debt service on the general obligation bonds cannot be repealed until the principal and interest on the bonds has been paid. Certain general obligation bond programs, called “self-liquidating bonds,” receive revenues from specified sources so that moneys from the General Fund are not expected to be needed to pay debt service, but the General Fund is liable as a back-up if the specified revenue source is not sufficient. The principal self-liquidating bond programs are the ERBs, supported by a special sales tax, and veterans general obligation bonds, supported by mortgage repayments from housing loans made to military veterans. General obligation bonds are typically authorized for infrastructure and other capital improvements at the State and local level. Pursuant to the State Constitution, general obligation bonds cannot be used to finance State budget deficits (except as already authorized by ERBs, as described below).
As of May 1, 2010, the State had outstanding $78,439,139,000 aggregate principal amount of long-term general obligation bonds, of which $68,917,429,000 were payable primarily from the General Fund, and $9,521,710,000 were “self-liquidating” bonds payable first from other special revenue funds. As of May 1, 2010, there were unused voter authorizations for the future issuance of $42,909,259,000 of long-term general obligation bonds, some of which may first be issued as commercial paper notes (see “General Obligation Commercial Paper Program” below). Of this unissued amount, $1,331,210,000 is for general obligation bonds payable first from other revenue sources.
Legislation enacted November 4, 2009, authorizes submission to the voters at the statewide election on November 2, 2010, of a ballot measure to approve the issuance of $11.14 billion in general obligation bonds for a wide variety of purposes relating to improvement of California’s water supply systems, drought relief, and groundwater protection. The bill specifies that not more than one-half of the bonds may be sold before July 1, 2015. Additional bond measures may be included on the November 2, 2010, election ballot.
Variable Rate General Obligation Bonds. The general obligation bond law permits the State to issue as variable rate indebtedness up to 20% of the aggregate amount of long-term general obligation bonds outstanding. As of May 1, 2010, the State had outstanding $5,294,440,000 principal amount of variable rate general obligation bonds (which includes a portion of the ERBs described below), representing approximately 6.7% of the State’s total outstanding general obligation bonds as of that date. Under State law, except for the ERBs, the State must pay the principal of any general obligation bonds that are subject to optional or mandatory tender, and that are not remarketed or, if applicable, purchased by financial institutions that provide liquidity support to the State. The State has not entered into any interest rate hedging contracts in relation to any of its variable rate general obligation bonds, and it no longer has any auction rate bonds outstanding.
General Obligation Commercial Paper Program. Pursuant to legislation enacted in 1995, voter-approved general obligation indebtedness may be issued either as long-term bonds or, for some but not all bond issues, as commercial paper notes. Commercial paper notes may be renewed or may be refunded by the issuance of long-term bonds. It is currently the State’s policy to use commercial paper notes to provide flexibility for bond programs, such as to provide interim funding of voter-approved projects and to facilitate refunding of variable rate bonds into fixed rate bonds. Prior to late 2008, commercial paper notes were used primarily to repay internal loans from the PMIA, as a step toward issuance of long-term bonds. However, the internal loan program is no longer being used for general obligation bond programs and all such loans have been repaid from sale of long-term general obligation bonds. Pursuant to the terms of the bank credit agreement presently in effect, the general obligation commercial paper program may have up to $2 billion in aggregate principal amount at any time. This maximum amount may be increased or decreased in the future. As of May 7, 2010, $1,292,170,000 aggregate principal amount of general obligation commercial paper notes were outstanding, most of which relates back to retirement of PMIA loan expenditures in 2008. Commercial paper notes are not included in the calculation of permitted variable rate indebtedness described under “Variable Rate General Obligation Bonds.”
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Bank Arrangements. In connection with the letters of credit or other credit facilities obtained by the State in connection with variable rate obligations and the commercial paper program, the State has entered into a number of reimbursement agreements or other credit agreements with a variety of financial institutions. These agreements include various representations and covenants of the State, and the terms (including interest rates and repayment schedules) by which the State would be required to repay any drawings (including drawings resulting from any failed remarketings) on the respective letters of credit or other credit enhancement to which such credit agreements relate. To the extent that any variable rate obligations cannot be remarketed over an extended period (whether due to reductions in the credit ratings of the institution providing credit enhancement or other factors), interest payable by the State pursuant to the reimbursement agreement or credit agreement would generally increase over current market levels relating to the variable rate obligations, and the principal repayment period would generally be shorter (typically less than five years) than the repayment period otherwise applicable to the variable rate obligation. On occasion the State’s variable rate obligations have not been remarketed resulting in draws on the applicable credit facilities.
During 2009, the State took a number of actions regarding its bank credit arrangements, including extending existing letter of credit facilities and converting standby purchase agreements to letters of credit for some of its floating rate ERBs and for its commercial paper program. The makeup of some of the State’s credit facilities was also revised with the deletion or substitution of banks. The State faces the need to renew approximately $1.37 billion of letters of credit for several series of variable rate general obligation bonds in November and December 2010.
Lease Revenue Obligations. In addition to general obligation bonds, the State has acquired and constructed capital facilities through the use of lease revenue borrowing (also referred to as lease-purchase borrowing). Under these arrangements, the State Public Works Board, another state or local agency, or a joint powers authority issued bonds to pay for the construction of facilities such as office buildings, university buildings, courthouses, or correctional institutions. These facilities are leased to a State agency, the California State University, the University of California, or the Judicial Council under a long-term lease that provides the source of payment of the debt service on the lease revenue bonds. In some cases, there was not a separate bond issue, but a trustee directly created certificates of participation in the State’s lease obligation, which were then marketed to investors. Under applicable court decisions, such lease arrangements do not constitute the creation of “indebtedness” within the meaning of the State Constitutional provisions that require voter approval. For purposes of this Statement of Additional Information, the terms “lease revenue obligation,” “lease revenue financing,” “lease-purchase obligation” or “lease-purchase” means, principally, bonds or certificates of participation for capital facilities where the lease payments providing the security are payable from the operating budget of the respective lessees, which are primarily, but not exclusively, derived from the General Fund, and also includes revenue bonds for a State energy efficiency program secured by payments made by various State agencies under energy service contracts. The State had $10,071,627,519 in lease revenue obligations outstanding as of May 1, 2010. The State Public Works Board, which is authorized to sell lease revenue bonds, had $9,834,701,000 authorized and unissued as of May 1, 2010.
Non-Recourse Debt. Certain State agencies and authorities issue revenue obligations for which the General Fund has no liability. Revenue bonds represent obligations payable from State revenue-producing enterprises and projects, which are not payable from the General Fund, and conduit obligations payable only from revenues paid by private users of facilities financed by the revenue bonds. The enterprises and projects include transportation projects, various public works projects, public and private educational facilities (including the California State University and University of California systems), housing, health facilities, and pollution control facilities. State agencies and authorities had approximately $56 billion aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds and notes, which are non-recourse to the General Fund outstanding as of December 31, 2009.
Build America Bonds. In February 2009, the United States Congress enacted certain new municipal bond provisions as part of the ARRA. One provision allows municipal issuers such as the State to issue “Build America Bonds” (“BABs”) for new infrastructure investments. BABs are bonds whose interest is subject to
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federal income tax, but the U.S. Treasury will repay to the State an amount equal to 35% of the interest cost on any BABs issued during 2009 and 2010. This results in a net interest expense lower than what the State would have had to pay for tax-exempt bonds of similar maturity. The subsidy payments from general obligation bonds are General Fund revenues to the State, while subsidy payments for lease revenue bonds are deposited into a fund that is made available to the State Public Works Board for any lawful purpose. In neither instance are the subsidy payments specifically pledged to repayment of the BABs to which they relate. The cash subsidy payment with respect to the BABs, to which the State is entitled, is treated by the IRS as a refund of a tax credit and such refund may be offset by the U.S. Department of the Treasury by any liability of the State payable to the federal government, including in respect of any internal revenue tax (including any interest and penalties), past due child support, past due and legally enforceable debt due federal agencies, unemployment compensation debts, and past due legally enforceable State income tax debts.
Starting in April 2009 and through April 30, 2010, the State has issued a significant amount of BABs, including $10.39 billion of general obligation bonds and $551 million of lease revenue bonds. The aggregate amount of the subsidy payments to be received from fiscal year 2010-11 through the maturity of these bonds (mostly 20 to 30 years) is approximately $7.46 billion for the general obligation BABs and $338 million for the lease revenue BABs. The Obama Administration has proposed making the BABs program permanent, although at a lower subsidy rate for future issuances. In late May 2010 the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill (H.R. 4213) that extends the BABs program for two years at successively lower subsidy rates, but higher than those proposed by the Obama Administration; this proposal has not yet been acted on by the Senate.
Future Issuance Plans; General Fund Debt Ratio. Between November 2006 and August 2009, voters and the California Legislature authorized more than $60 billion of new general obligation bonds and lease revenue bonds. This new authorization substantially increased the current amount of such General Fund-supported debt outstanding to more than $79 billion, while still leaving authorized and unissued approximately $51 billion of such bonds as of May 1, 2010. In order to address the expenditure needs for these new authorizations, along with those that existed before 2006, the State has increased the volume of issuance of both of these categories of bonds substantially, compared to previous years, starting in fiscal year 2007-08. The amounts and timing of future issuance of general obligation and lease revenue bonds will depend on a variety of factors, including the actual timing of expenditure needs for the various programs for which such bonds are to be issued, the amount and timing of interim financing provided to the programs, the interest rate and other market conditions at the time of issuance, and the timing and amounts of additional general obligation bonds or lease revenue bonds that may be approved.
Disruptions in financial markets and uncertainties about the State’s budget condition caused significant disruptions in the State’s bond issuance program during fiscal year 2008-09. Because of these factors, the State did not issue any new general obligation bonds between July 2008 and March 2009. In March 2009, the State it issued $6.54 billion of new tax-exempt bonds, the largest new money general obligation bond issue in the State’s history (excluding ERBs). A few weeks later, the State took advantage of the new federal rules to issue $6.86 billion of federally taxable general obligations bonds, of which $5.3 billion were BABs. A significant part of the over $13 billion of bonds issued in the spring of 2009 was used to retire internal borrowings used to fund construction projects, which had built up because of the long hiatus in bond issuance. An additional $6.546 billion of tax-exempt and taxable general obligation bonds ($2.66 billion BABs) were issued in the fall of 2009, together with $1.549 billion of lease revenue bonds ($250 million BABs).
The combination of unusual circumstances resulted in public offerings of a record $19.7 billion of general obligation bonds during calendar year 2009. Through May 31, 2010, the State has issued $5.9 billion of general obligation bonds and $721 million of lease revenue bonds in calendar year 2010. The 2010-11 May Revision projected issuance of approximately $15.8 billion of general obligation and lease revenue bonds in that fiscal year. These are preliminary estimates, and the actual amount of bonds sold in fiscal year 2010-11 will depend on many factors, including more detailed review of program needs, budget priorities, and market conditions.
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Based on the current Department of Finance projections of program expenditure needs, without taking into account any future authorizations that may occur, the State Treasurer has estimated that the aggregate amount of outstanding debt supported by the General Fund, including general obligation, lease revenue, and Proposition 1A bonds, based on current voter and legislative authorizations, is estimated to peak at approximately $111.3 billion by fiscal year 2014-15, compared to the current outstanding amount of approximately $80.8 billion. The annual debt service costs on this amount of debt is estimated by the State Treasurer to increase to approximately $9.93 billion in fiscal year 2012-13 compared to approximately $6.09 billion budgeted in fiscal year 2009-10. The projected amounts for fiscal year 2010-11 through 2011-12 include the interest, and for fiscal year 2012-13, the interest and principal payable on the $1.90 billion of bonds issued in connection with Proposition 1A. After fiscal year 2012-13, projected peak debt service is $9.97 billion in fiscal year 2017-18. (These estimates do not include ERBs, described below, or veterans general obligation bonds supported by mortgage repayments from housing loans made to military veterans, nor do they take into account potential benefits from future refunding opportunities.)
In light of the substantial drop in General Fund revenues since fiscal year 2007-08, and the projections of substantial new bond sales in the future, the ratio of debt service on general obligation, lease revenue, and the Proposition 1A bonds supported by the General Fund, to annual General Fund revenues and transfers (the “General Fund Debt Ratio”) can be expected to increase significantly in future years. Based on the revised estimates contained in the 2010-11 May Revision, in fiscal year 2009-10, the General Fund Debt Ratio was estimated to equal approximately 7.03%. Based on the assumed debt issuance referred to in the preceding paragraph, and the assumed growth in General Fund revenues and transfers contained in the 2010-11 May Revision, through fiscal year 2013-14, the State’s General Fund Debt Ratio is projected to peak at 10.58% in fiscal year 2012-13, the year in which the Proposition 1A bonds mature. In the fiscal year following the maturity of the Proposition 1A bonds, fiscal year 2013-14, the State’s General Fund Debt Ratio is projected to decline to 9.34%. The State’s General Fund Debt Ratio after fiscal year 2013-14 will depend on the State’s future General Fund revenues, which will in turn depend on a variety of factors including but not limited to economic, population, and inflation growth. Based on the State’s current debt issuance projections and an assumed combined average annual General Fund revenue growth rate of between 2% to 5%, the State’s General Fund Debt Ratio in fiscal year 2019-20 is projected to range from 7.26% to 8.67%. The General Fund Debt Ratio is calculated based on actual gross debt service, without adjusting for receipts from the U.S. Treasury for the State’s current outstanding general obligation and lease revenue BABs, and an assumed interest rate of 6.25% and 6.75% for future issuances of general obligation and lease revenue bonds, respectively. The actual General Fund Debt Ratio in future fiscal years will depend on a variety of factors, including actual debt issuance (which may include additional issuance approved in the future by the California Legislature and, for general obligation bonds, the voters), actual interest rates, debt service structure, and actual General Fund revenues and transfers.
Economic Recovery Bonds. Proposition 57 was approved by the voters on March 2, 2004. Proposition 57 authorized the issuance of up to $15 billion in ERBs to finance the negative General Fund reserve balance as of June 30, 2004, and other General Fund obligations undertaken prior to June 30, 2004. Repayment of the ERBs is secured by a pledge of revenues from a one-quarter cent increase in the State’s sales and use tax that became effective July 1, 2004. In addition, as voter-approved general obligation bonds, the ERBs are secured by the State’s full faith and credit and payable from the General Fund in the event the dedicated sales and use tax revenue is insufficient to repay the bonds.
In May and June 2004, the State issued $10.896 billion principal amount of ERBs, resulting in the deposit of net proceeds to the General Fund of approximately $11.254 billion. In order to relieve cash flow and budgetary shortfalls identified in the 2008-09 Governor’s Budget, the State issued approximately $3.179 billion of additional ERBs on February 14, 2008, generating net proceeds of $3.313 billion, which were transferred to the General Fund. No further ERBs can be issued under Proposition 57, except for refunding bonds that may be issued in the future. (The Department of Finance had determined that the full $15 billion voter authorization could not be issued because of the previous repayment of certain June 30, 2004 obligations eligible for financing pursuant to Proposition 57.)
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Because of the sharp reduction in taxable sales as a result of the recent economic recession, the Special Sales Tax Revenues (“SSTRs”) collected from the one-quarter cent tax dedicated to repayment of the ERB debt decreased to a level that did not provide adequate coverage above the required debt service amounts for the 2004 and 2008 ERBs. This resulted in downgrades of the ratings of the ERBs and would have required debt service to be paid from reserve funds for at least some period of time. In order to restore adequate coverage, the State restructured the ERB debt through the issuance of approximately $3.435 billion ERB refunding bonds on November 5, 2009. The restructuring reduced annual debt service costs to come into alignment with reduced tax revenues, with a coverage target of at least 1.3 times. The ratings for all ERBs have been raised to levels above the State’s general obligation bond ratings.
Three different sources of funds are required to be applied to the early retirement (generally by purchase or redemption) of ERBs: (i) all proceeds from the dedicated quarter cent sales tax in excess of the amounts needed, on a semi-annual basis, to pay debt service and other required costs of the bonds, (ii) all proceeds from the sale of specified surplus State property, and (iii) 50% of each annual deposit, up to $5 billion in the aggregate, of deposits in the BSA. As of January 2010, funds from these sources have been used for early retirement of approximately $3.5 billion of bonds during fiscal years 2005-06 through 2009-10, including $1.495 billion that was transferred from the BSA in fiscal year 2006-07 ($472 million) and fiscal year 2007-08 ($1.023 billion). The State reported that approximately $122 million of surplus tax revenues will be used to retire ERBs on June 24, 2010.
The Governor suspended each of the fiscal years 2008-09, 2009-10, and 2010-11 BSA transfers due to the condition of the General Fund.
Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. In 1998, the State signed a settlement agreement (the “Master Settlement Agreement” or “MSA”) with the four major cigarette manufacturers (the “participating manufacturers” or “PMs”). Under the MSA, the PMs agreed to make payments to the State in perpetuity, which payments at the time were predicted to total approximately $25 billion (subject to adjustments) over the first 25 years. Under a separate Memorandum of Understanding, half of the payments made by the cigarette manufacturers is paid to the State and half to local governments. The specific amount to be received by the State and local governments is subject to adjustment. Details in the MSA require reduction of the PMs’ payments for decreases in cigarette shipment volumes by the PMs, payments owed to certain “Previously Settled States” and certain other types of offsets. However, settlement payments are adjusted upward each year by at least 3% for inflation, compounded annually.
State law enacted in 2002 (the “Tobacco Securitization Law”) authorized the establishment of a special purpose trust to purchase the tobacco assets and to issue revenue bonds secured by the tobacco settlement revenues received beginning in the 2003-04 fiscal year. Legislation in 2003 amended the Tobacco Securitization Law to authorize a “back-up state guaranty” that requires the Governor to request an appropriation from the General Fund in the annual Budget Act to pay debt service and other related costs of the tobacco settlement revenue bonds secured by the second 2003 sale of tobacco settlement revenues when such tobacco settlement revenues are insufficient. The California Legislature is not obligated to make any General Fund appropriation.
In 2003, two separate sales of these assets financed with revenue bonds (the “2003 Bonds”) produced approximately $4.75 billion in proceeds, which were transferred to the General Fund. In 2005 and 2007, the State refunded all of the original 2003 Bonds, generating additional proceeds of approximately $1.783 billion, which were also transferred to the General Fund. The back-up State guaranty was applied to only the second 2003 sale of bonds and was continued when those bonds were refunded in 2005 (the “2005 Refunding Bonds”). The back-up State guaranty now applies to the $3.14 billion of 2005 Refunding Bonds.
The MSA provides for a potential reduction to the PMs’ payments under specified conditions relating to the loss of market share to non-participating manufacturers (“NPMs”). This potential reduction is called an “NPM adjustment.” The State disputes the PMs’ right to an NPM adjustment for any year. The MSA also allows the
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PMs to withhold any portion of their annual payments that is disputed, until such time as the dispute is resolved. Since 2006, the annual amount of revenues received by the State has incurred some level of withholding based on the PMs’ assertion of their right to receive an NPM adjustment as is reflected in the table below. Nevertheless, the annual amount of tobacco settlement revenues received to date has been in excess of the required debt service payments.
Year of Scheduled Payment | Approximate NPM Adjustment Withheld | |||
2006 | $ | 50.9 million | ||
2007 | 44.0 million | |||
2008 | 33.9 million | * | ||
2009 | 32.8 million | |||
2010 | 35.3 million |
* | In February 2009, these funds were released and remitted to the State as part of the NPM arbitration negotiations. |
Source: State of California, Department of Finance.
The State Attorney General is pursuing, in a multi-state arbitration proceeding, a determination compelling the PMs to pay the full amount scheduled, given that the State asserts that it has been diligently enforcing the statute governing the NPMs, as required in the MSA.
Tobacco settlement revenue bonds are neither general nor legal obligations of the State or any of its political subdivisions and neither the faith and credit nor the taxing power nor any other assets or revenues of the State or of any political subdivision is or shall be pledged to the payment of any such bonds; provided that, in connection with the issuance of the 2005 Refunding Bonds, the State covenanted to request the California Legislature for a General Fund appropriation in the event tobacco settlement revenues fall short. Tobacco settlement revenues have been sufficient to pay debt service with respect to the tobacco settlement revenue bonds, and therefore the State’s covenant to request an appropriation has never been invoked.
Obligations In Connection with Proposition 1A of 2004. The Amended 2009 Budget Act provided for State borrowing, pursuant to Proposition 1A, of approximately $1.998 billion of local property tax revenues. In accordance with Proposition 1A, the State is required to repay such revenues no later than June 2013. Legislation implementing the borrowing in the Amended 2009 Budget Act provided authority to local governments to sell their right to receive the State repayment to a joint powers authority (JPA) and for the JPA to issue bonds backed by the State’s repayment obligation. The repayment obligation includes interest and issuance costs for the JPA bonds.
On November 19, 2009, the California Statewide Communities Development Authority, a JPA, issued $1,895,000,000 of bonds that are secured by the State’s obligation to make these payments to approximately 1,300 local governments, representing approximately 95% of the State’s total borrowing from local governments. The 2010-11 Governor’s Budget includes $90.8 million General Fund for the interest payments that will be incurred in that fiscal year. In accordance with the authorizing legislation, these bonds will be repaid by June 15, 2013. In addition, for the obligations to entities not participating in the JPA bond program (which are $103 million in principal amount), the Director of Finance has set an interest rate of 2% per annum.
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Cash Flow Borrowing. As part of its cash management program, the State has regularly issued short-term obligations to meet cash flow needs. The following table shows the amount of RANs issued in the past five fiscal years and through June 13, 2010, in fiscal year 2009-10:
State of California Revenue Anticipation Notes Issued
Fiscal Years 2004-05 to 2009-10
(Dollars in Billions)
Fiscal Year | Type | Principal Amount | Date of Issue | Maturity Date | ||||||
2004-05 | Notes Series A - D | $ | 6.0 | October 6, 2004 | June 30, 2005 | |||||
2005-06 | Notes | 3.0 | November 10, 2005 | June 30, 2006 | ||||||
2006-07 | Notes | 1.5 | October 3, 2006 | June 29, 2007 | ||||||
2007-08 | Notes | 7.0 | November 1, 2007 | June 30, 2008 | ||||||
2008-09 | Notes Series A-1 | 1.2 | October 23, 2008 | May 20, 2009 | ||||||
Notes Series A-2 | 3.8 | October 23, 2008 | June 22, 2009 | |||||||
Notes Series B-1 | 0.5 | March 23, 2009 | June 23, 2009 | |||||||
2009-10 | Interim Notes | 1.5 | August 27, 2009 | October 5, 2009* | ||||||
Notes Series A-1 | 2.825 | September 29, 2009 | May 25, 2010 | |||||||
Note Series A-2 | 5.975 | September 29, 2009 | June 23, 2010 |
* | Repaid on September 29, 2009 with a portion of the 2009-10 Notes Series A. |
Source: State of California, Office of the State Treasurer.
Indirect, Nonpublic, or Contingent Obligations.
• | Flood Litigation Judgment. In 2005, the State settled a lawsuit arising from liability for past flood damages through a stipulated judgment in the amount of $428 million, which provided for the State to make annual payments of $42.8 million, plus interest, for 10 years; the payments are subject to annual appropriation by the California Legislature. The California Legislature has included the required annual installment in each budget act since the settlement was approved. This matter is not treated as a “debt” of the State for any legal or constitutional purposes. |
• | Unemployment Insurance Fund Borrowing. Commencing in January 2011, the State will be required to pay interest payments on loans made by the federal government to the State Unemployment Insurance (UI) Fund. |
• | Special Fund Borrowings. As has been described in connection with various budget acts and current budget proposals, the General Fund has or may incur legal obligations to repay various Special Funds, or to repay schools or other local governments, for borrowings that have been treated as providing revenue to the General Fund. These loans may, in some cases, be further extended by the California Legislature. Such loans are not treated as “debt” for any legal or constitutional purposes. |
• | Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Guarantees. Pursuant to a law created in 1969, the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (“OSHPD”) insures loans and bond issues for construction and renovation projects for nonprofit and publicly-owned healthcare facilities. The program (commonly called “Cal-Mortgage Loan Insurance”) is currently authorized in statute to insure up to $3 billion for health facility projects. State law established the Health Facility Construction Loan Insurance Fund (“Fund”) as a trust fund that is continuously appropriated and may only be used for program purposes. The Fund is used as a depository of fees and insurance premiums and is the initial source of funds used to pay administrative costs of the program and shortfalls resulting from defaults by insured borrowers. If the Fund were unable to make payment on an insured loan or bond, State law provides for the State Treasurer to issue debentures to the holders of the defaulted loan or bond which are payable on a parity with State general obligation bonds. All claims on insured loans to date have |
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been paid from the Fund. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, OSHPD insured approximately 134 loans to nonprofit or publicly owned health facilities throughout California for approximately $1.7 billion. As of that date, the cash balance of the Fund was approximately $192.6 million. The OSHPD reported to the California Legislature that, as of June 30, 2009, the Fund balance was $95.0 million (unaudited). The Fund balance is determined by taking the cash balance, adding the value of assets (obligations due to the OSHPD for defaulted projects) and subtracting the liabilities (obligations of the OSHPD for defaulted projects). The OSHPD engaged Oliver Wyman to perform the 2008 actuarial study of the Fund, which concluded, among other things, that it appeared to be sufficient, assuming “normal and expected” conditions, to maintain a positive balance over 30 years. Even assuming abnormal and unexpected events, the study found that the Fund’s reserves would protect against General Fund losses for 14 years. More information on the program can be obtained from OSHPD’s website. |
Sources of Tax Revenues.
In fiscal year 2008-09, approximately 90% of the State’s General Fund revenues and transfers were derived from personal income taxes, corporation taxes, and sales and use taxes. The following are brief summaries of the major sources of tax revenues in the State. The sections below captioned “Sales and Use Tax” and “Corporation Tax” include descriptions of pending lawsuits relating to various taxes.
Personal Income Tax. The California personal income tax, which accounted for 52.4% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2008-09, is closely modeled after the federal income tax law. It is imposed on net taxable income (gross income less exclusions and deductions), with rates ranging from 1% to 9.3%. For tax years 2009 and 2010, the rates will range from 1.25% to 9.55%. The personal income tax is adjusted annually by the change in the consumer price index to prevent taxpayers from being pushed into higher tax brackets without a real increase in income. Personal, dependent, and other credits are allowed against the gross tax liability. In addition, taxpayers may be subject to an alternative minimum tax (“AMT”), which is much like the federal AMT. The personal income tax structure is considered to be highly progressive. For example, the Franchise Tax Board indicates that the top 1% of taxpayers paid 43% of the total personal income tax in tax year 2008.
Proposition 63, approved by the voters in the November 2004 election, imposes a 1% surcharge on taxable income over $1 million in addition to the 9.3% rate (9.55% for tax years 2009 and 2010). The surcharge became effective January 1, 2005. The proceeds of the tax surcharge are required to be used to expand mental health programs.
Taxes on capital gains realizations, which are largely linked to stock market performance, can add a significant dimension of volatility to personal income tax receipts. Capital gains tax receipts accounted for 14.8% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2000-01. The 2010-11 May Revision projected that capital gains would account for 3.6% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2009-10 and 5.8% in fiscal year 2010-11.
Sales and Use Tax. The sales and use tax (referred to herein as the “sales tax”), which accounted for 28.7% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2008-09, is imposed upon retailers for the privilege of selling tangible personal property in California. Most retail sales and leases are subject to the tax. However, exemptions have been provided for certain essentials such as food for home consumption, prescription drugs, gas delivered through mains, and electricity. Other exemptions provide relief for a variety of sales ranging from custom computer software to aircraft.
The California use tax is imposed at the same rates as the regular sales tax on consumers of tangible personal property that is used, consumed, or stored in this State. Use tax applies to purchases from out-of-state vendors that are not required to collect tax on their sales. Use tax also applies to most leases of tangible personal property.
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As of May 1, 2010, the breakdown of the base State and local sales tax rate of 8.25% was as follows:
• | 6% imposed as a State General Fund tax (this tax rate is scheduled to return to 5% on July 1, 2011); |
• | 0.5% dedicated to local governments for health and welfare program realignment (Local Revenue Fund); |
• | 0.5% dedicated to local governments for public safety services (Local Public Safety Fund); |
• | 1% local tax imposed under the Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax Law, with 0.25% dedicated to county transportation purposes and 0.75% for city and county general-purpose use; and |
• | 0.25% deposited into the Fiscal Recovery Fund to repay the State’s ERBs (the “special sales tax”). |
Existing law provides that 0.25% of the base State and local sales tax rate may be suspended in any calendar year upon certification by the Director of Finance, by November 1 in the prior year, that both of the following have occurred: (1) the General Fund reserve (excluding the revenues derived from the 0.25% special sales tax) is expected to exceed 3% of revenues in that fiscal year (excluding the revenues derived from the 0.25% special sales tax) and (2) actual revenues for the period May 1 through September 30 equal or exceed the previous May Revision forecast. The 0.25% rate will be reinstated the following year if the Director of Finance subsequently determines conditions (1) or (2) above are not met for that fiscal year. The Department of Finance estimates that the reserve level will be insufficient to trigger a reduction for calendar year 2010.
Existing law provides that the special sales tax will be collected until the first day of the calendar quarter at least 90 days after the Director of Finance certifies that all ERBs and related obligations have been paid or retired or provision for their repayment has been made or enough sales taxes have been collected to pay all ERBs and related obligations to final maturity. At such time the special sales tax will terminate and the city and county portion of taxes under the uniform local sales and use tax will be automatically increased by 0.25%.
Proposition 1A, approved by the voters in the November 2004 election, amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the California Legislature’s authority over local government revenue sources by restricting the State from lowering the local sales tax rate or changing the allocation of local sales tax revenues without meeting certain conditions. A proposed initiative constitutional amendment would restrict the ability of the State to use or borrow money from local governments, and moneys dedicated to transportation financing. See “Recent Developments” above.
An appellate court decision from 2008 held that two Dell entities and two providers of maintenance and warranty services had improperly collected from customers and remitted to the BOE use tax on optional service contracts that were sold with computers. The State anticipates that a pending action will result in a judgment or settlement requiring the BOE to refund the tax with interest. Plaintiffs estimate that the refund amounts could be as much as $250 million. Identification and notification of consumers affected by the decision and thus due a refund is unresolved, and determination of the total refund amount depends upon such identification and notification. The 2010-11 May Revision projected that the refunds will not occur prior to fiscal year 2011-12.
Corporation Tax. The corporation tax accounted for 11.5% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2008-09. Corporation tax revenues are derived from the following taxes:
1. The franchise tax and the corporate income tax are levied at an 8.84% rate on profits. The former is imposed on corporations for the privilege of doing business in California, while the latter is imposed on corporations that derive income from California sources but are not sufficiently present to be classified as doing business in the State.
2. Banks and other financial corporations are subject to the franchise tax plus an additional tax at the rate of 2% on their net income. This additional tax is in lieu of personal property taxes and business license taxes.
3. The AMT is similar to that in federal law. In general, the AMT is based on a higher level of net income computed by adding back certain tax preferences. This tax is imposed at a rate of 6.65%.
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4. A minimum franchise tax of up to $800 is imposed on corporations subject to the franchise tax but not on those subject to the corporate income tax. New corporations are exempted from the minimum franchise tax for the first year of incorporation.
5. Sub-Chapter S corporations are taxed at 1.5% of profits.
6. Fees paid by limited liability companies (“LLCs”), which account for 2.8% of corporation tax revenue, are considered “corporation taxes.” Three separate cases have been filed challenging the constitutionality of the LLC fee. Two have been resolved and one is pending. In California Taxpayers Association v. Franchise Tax Board, California Taxpayers Association (“Cal-Tax”), plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality of the corporate understatement penalty that was enacted in Chapter 1, Statutes of 2007-08 First Extraordinary Session (SB X1 28, 2008 Budget Act Trailer Bill) and sought an injunction precluding the Franchise Tax Board from enforcing the statute. The trial court ruled for the State and Cal-Tax appealed. A decision may be issued during fiscal year 2010-11. An adverse ruling would resulting a potential loss or revenue in fiscal year 2010-11 of between $500 million and $800 million, and an ongoing loss of approximately $500 million thereafter.
As part of the 2009 Budget Act, the California Legislature adopted certain additional tax benefits for corporations, affecting carryover of losses, sharing tax credits among affiliates, and changes to the unitary tax calculations for multinational corporations, all of which were to become effective in 2011 or later. An initiative statute will be included on the November 2010 ballot that would repeal all of these new tax benefits. It is estimated that such a repeal, if approved by the voters, would increase General Fund revenues by approximately $1.7 billion annually starting in fiscal year 2011-12.
Insurance Tax. The majority of insurance written in California is subject to a 2.35% gross premium tax. For insurers, this premium tax takes the place of all other State and local taxes except those on real property and motor vehicles. Exceptions to the 2.35% rate are certain pension and profit-sharing plans which are taxed at the lesser rate of 0.5%, surplus lines and non-admitted insurance at 3% and ocean marine insurers at 5% of underwriting profits. To provide interim funding for the Healthy Families and Medi-Cal programs, Chapter 157, Statutes of 2009 extends the 2.35% gross premiums tax to the Medi-Cal managed care plans in 2009 and 2010.
The BOE ruled in December 2006 that the premium tax insurers pay should be calculated on a cash basis rather than the accrual method required by the California Department of Insurance. This ruling is expected to result in a total loss of $406 million spread over several years; the impact was $15 million in fiscal year 2008-09 and is estimated to be $11 million in fiscal year 2009-10, $230 million in fiscal year 2010-11, and $149 million in fiscal year 2011-12.
Vehicle License Fee. The Amended 2009 Budget Act temporarily increased the vehicle license fee from 0.65% to 1.15%, effective May 19, 2009, through June 30, 2011. Of this 0.5% increase, 0.35% goes to the General Fund, with the remaining 0.15% going to local law enforcement. An initiative has been qualified for the November 2010 ballot that would increase the annual vehicle license fee by $18 and dedicate the revenue to support of State parks and wildlife conservation. This measure, if approved by the voters, would generate an estimated $500 million per year for parks and wildlife conservation programs, which would save an equivalent amount of General Fund expenditures.
Estate Tax; Other Taxes. The State estate tax is based on the State death tax credit allowed against the federal estate tax. The California estate tax is designed to pick up the maximum credit allowed against the federal estate tax return. The federal Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (the “Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act”) phases out the federal estate tax by 2010. As a consequence, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act resulted in the reduction of the State estate tax revenues by 25% in calendar year 2002, 50% in calendar year 2003, and 75% in calendar year 2004, and the elimination of the State estate tax beginning in calendar year 2005. The provisions of this federal act sunset after 2010. At that time, the federal estate tax is scheduled to be reinstated along with the State’s estate tax. Federal estate tax law may be changed to modify or eliminate the State pick-up tax.
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Other General Fund major taxes and licenses include: Inheritance and Gift Taxes; Cigarette Taxes; Alcoholic Beverage Taxes; Horse Racing License Fees, and Trailer Coach License Fees.
Special Fund Revenues. The California Constitution and statutes specify the uses of certain revenues. Such receipts are accounted for in various special funds. In general, special fund revenues comprise three categories of income:
• | Receipts from tax levies which are allocated to specified functions, such as motor vehicle taxes and fees and certain taxes on tobacco products. |
• | Charges for special services to specific functions, including such items as business and professional license fees. |
• | Rental royalties and other receipts designated for particular purposes (e.g., oil and gas royalties). |
Motor vehicle related taxes and fees are projected to account for 39% of all special fund revenues in fiscal year 2010-11. Principal sources of this income are motor vehicle fuel taxes, registration and weight fees, and vehicle license fees. In fiscal year 2010-11, $10.9 billion is projected to come from the ownership or operation of motor vehicles. Approximately $2.9 billion of this revenue is projected to be returned to local governments. The remainder will be available for various State programs related to transportation and services to vehicle owners.
Taxes on Tobacco Products. As a result of Proposition 99, approved by the voters in 1988, and Proposition 10, approved by the voters in 1998, the State imposes an excise tax on cigarettes of 87 cents per pack and the equivalent rates on other tobacco products. Tobacco product excise tax revenues are earmarked as follows:
1. Fifty cents of the per-pack tax on cigarettes and the equivalent rate levied on non-cigarette tobacco products are deposited in the California Children and Families First Trust Fund and are allocated primarily for early childhood development programs.
2. Twenty-five cents of the per-pack tax on cigarettes and the equivalent rates levied on non-cigarette tobacco products are allocated to the Cigarette and Tobacco Products Surtax Fund. These funds are appropriated for anti-tobacco education and research, indigent health services, and environmental and recreation programs.
3. Ten cents of the per-pack tax is allocated to the State’s General Fund.
4. The remaining two cents of the per-pack tax is deposited into the Breast Cancer Fund.
The following table shows the trend of major General Fund and total taxes per capita and per $100 of personal income for the past five fiscal years and fiscal year 2010-11.
Recent Tax Receipts
State Taxes per Capita(a) | Taxes per $100 of Personal Income | |||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year | General Fund | Total | General Fund | Total | ||||||||||||
2005-06 | 2,451.75 | 2,867.55 | 6.52 | 7.63 | ||||||||||||
2006-07 | 2,501.35 | 2,934.28 | 6.23 | 7.31 | ||||||||||||
2007-08 | 2,530.79 | 2,967.26 | 6.06 | 7.11 | ||||||||||||
2008-09 | 2,084.46 | 2,494.59 | 4.95 | 5.92 | ||||||||||||
2009-10 | 2,189.84 | 2,571.00 | 5.40 | 6.34 | ||||||||||||
2010-11 (budget) | 2,265.68 | 2,701.14 | 5.46 | 6.51 |
* | Data reflects population figures based on the 2000 Census – estimated. |
Source: State of California, Department of Finance.
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State Appropriations Limit.
The State is subject to an annual appropriations limit imposed by Article XIIIB of the State Constitution (the “Appropriations Limit”). The Appropriations Limit does not restrict appropriations to pay debt service on voter-authorized bonds.
Article XIII B prohibits the State from spending “appropriations subject to limitation” in excess of the Appropriations Limit. “Appropriations subject to limitation,” with respect to the State, are authorizations to spend “proceeds of taxes,” which consist of tax revenues, and certain other funds, including proceeds from regulatory licenses, user charges or other fees to the extent such proceeds exceed “the cost reasonably borne by that entity in providing the regulation, product or service,” but “proceeds of taxes” exclude most State subventions to local governments, tax refunds, and some benefit payments such as unemployment insurance. No limit is imposed on appropriations of funds which are not “proceeds of taxes,” such as reasonable user charges or fees and certain other non-tax funds.
There are various types of appropriations excluded from the Appropriations Limit. For example, debt service costs of bonds existing or authorized by January 1, 1979, or subsequently authorized by the voters, appropriations required to comply with mandates of courts or the federal government, appropriations for qualified capital outlay projects, appropriations for tax refunds, appropriations of revenues derived from any increase in gasoline taxes and motor vehicle weight fees above January 1, 1990 levels, and appropriation of certain special taxes imposed by initiative (e.g., cigarette and tobacco taxes) are all excluded. The Appropriations Limit may also be exceeded in cases of emergency.
The Appropriations Limit in each year is based on the Appropriations Limit for the prior year, adjusted annually for changes in State per capita personal income and changes in population, and adjusted, when applicable, for any transfer of financial responsibility of providing services to or from another unit of government or any transfer of the financial source for the provisions of services from tax proceeds to non-tax proceeds. The measurement of change in population is a blended average of statewide overall population growth, and change in attendance at local school and community college (K-14) districts. The Appropriations Limit is tested over consecutive two-year periods. Any excess of the aggregate “proceeds of taxes” received over such two-year period above the combined Appropriations Limits for those two years, is divided equally between transfers to K-14 districts and refunds to taxpayers.
The California Legislature has enacted legislation to implement Article XIIIB which defines certain terms used in Article XIIIB and sets forth the methods for determining the Appropriations Limit. California Government Code Section 7912 requires an estimate of the Appropriations Limit to be included in the Governor’s Budget, and thereafter to be subject to the budget process and established in the Budget Act.
The following table shows the Appropriations Limit for fiscal years 2006-07 through 2010-11.
State Appropriations Limit
(Dollars in Millions)
2006-07 | 2007-08 | 2008-09 | 2009-10 | 2010-11 | ||||||||||||||||
State Appropriations Limit | $ | 72,307 | $ | 76,093 | $ | 79,858 | $ | 80,984 | $ | 79,118 | ||||||||||
Appropriations Subject to Limit | (58,663 | ) | (59,201 | ) | (48,233 | ) | (57,849 | )* | (58,424 | )* | ||||||||||
Amount (Over)/Under Limit | $ | 13,641 | $ | 16,892 | $ | 31,625 | $ | 23,135 | * | $ | 20,694 | * |
* | Estimated/projected. |
Source: State of California, Department of Finance.
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Litigation.
The State is continually a party to numerous legal proceedings, many of which could have an adverse impact on the State’s financial condition. Pending litigation currently includes, but is not limited to, cases involving issues related to the budget, taxes, environmental matters, health care, tribal gaming, transportation, education, and the State’s prison system, all of which, if decided adversely to California, could result in significant General Fund expenditures or otherwise impact the ability of the State to raise revenues.
Local Governments.
The primary units of local government in California are the 58 counties, which range in population from approximately 1,100 in Alpine County to approximately 10.4 million in Los Angeles County. Counties are responsible for the provision of many basic services, including indigent health care, welfare, jails, and public safety in unincorporated areas. There are also 480 incorporated cities in California and thousands of special districts formed for education, utilities, and other services.
The fiscal condition of local governments was changed when Proposition 13, which added Article XIIIA to the State Constitution, was approved by California voters in 1978. Proposition 13 reduced and limited the future growth of property taxes and limited the ability of local governments to impose “special taxes” (those devoted to a specific purpose) without two-thirds voter approval. Although Proposition 13 limited property tax growth rates, it also has had a smoothing effect on property tax revenues, ensuring greater stability in annual revenues than existed before Proposition 13 passed.
Proposition 218, another constitutional amendment enacted by initiative in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees, and other exactions. (The limitations include requiring a majority vote approval for general local tax increases, prohibiting fees for services in excess of the cost of providing such service, and providing that no fee may be charged for fire, police, or any other service widely available to the public.)
In the aftermath of Proposition 13, the State provided aid to local governments from the General Fund to make up some of the loss of property tax moneys, including assuming principal responsibility for funding K-12 schools and community colleges. During the recession of the early 1990s, the California Legislature reduced the post-Proposition 13 aid to local government entities other than K-12 schools and community colleges by requiring cities and counties to transfer some of their property tax revenues to school districts. However, the California Legislature also provided additional funding sources, such as sales taxes, and reduced certain mandates for local services funded by cities and counties.
The 2004 Budget Act, related legislation, and the enactment of Proposition 1A in 2004 dramatically changed the State-local fiscal relationship. These constitutional and statutory changes implemented an agreement negotiated between the Governor and local government officials (the “state-local agreement”) in connection with the 2004 Budget Act. One change relates to the reduction of the vehicle license fee (“VLF”) rate from 2% to 0.65% of the market value of the vehicle. In order to protect local governments, which had previously received all VLF revenues, the 1.35% reduction in VLF revenue to cities and counties from this rate change was backfilled (or offset) by an increase in the amount of property tax revenues they receive. This worked to the benefit of local governments because the backfill amount annually increases in proportion to the growth in property tax revenues, which has historically grown at a higher rate than VLF revenues, although property tax revenues have declined over the past two years. This arrangement continues without change in the 2010-11 Governor’s Budget.
Pursuant to statutory changes made in conjunction with the Initial 2009 Budget Act, the VLF rate increased from 0.65% to 1.15% effective May 19, 2009. Of this 0.50% increase, 0.35% flows to the General Fund, and 0.15% supports various law enforcement programs previously funded by the General Fund. This increased VLF rate will be effective through the 2010-11 fiscal year.
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As part of the state-local agreement, voters at the November 2004 election approved Proposition 1A. Proposition 1A amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the California Legislature’s authority over local government revenue sources by placing restrictions on the State’s access to local governments’ property, sales, and VLF revenues as of November 3, 2004.
The Amended 2009 Budget Act authorized the State to exercise its authority under Proposition 1A to borrow an amount equal to approximately 8% of local property tax revenues, or $1.9 billion, which must be repaid within three years. State law was also enacted to create a securitization mechanism for local governments to sell their right to receive the State’s payment obligations to a local government-operated joint powers authority. This joint powers authority sold bonds in a principal amount of $1.895 billion in November 2009 to pay the participating local governments their full property tax allocations when they normally would receive such allocations. Pursuant to Proposition 1A, the State is required to repay the local government borrowing (which in turn will be used to repay the bonds of the joint powers authority) no later than June 30, 2013. The 2010-11 Governor’s Budget includes $90.8 million for the interest payments that will be incurred in that fiscal year to be paid from the General Fund.
The Amended 2009 Budget Act also contained a shift of $1.7 billion in redevelopment agency funds from current revenue and reserves in fiscal year 2009-10 and $350 million in fiscal year 2010-11. These revenues are shifted to schools that serve the redevelopment areas. This frees an equal amount of base property tax that is shifted to the Supplemental Education Revenue Augmentation Funds in each county that are established by Proposition 1A and used for the same purposes. The enabling legislation allows redevelopment agencies to borrow from parent agencies, and from any available reserves in their low and moderate income housing funds.
The California Redevelopment Association (“CRA”), whose membership includes a large number of redevelopment agencies, has filed a lawsuit challenging the $1.7 billion shift described above. The 2008 Budget Act included a shift of $350 million of redevelopment agency moneys. The CRA had also challenged that shift, and a trial court held that the legislation providing for the shift was invalid, which prevented the State from shifting the funds for the 2008-09 fiscal year. The State withdrew its appeal of the decision and subsequently enacted legislation that addresses the concerns noted by the trial court. However, the subsequently enacted legislation is being challenged in the current CRA lawsuit. A group of counties has filed a separate lawsuit challenging the shift. The Sacramento County Superior Court issued a ruling on May 4, 2010, upholding the State’s ability to shift $1.7 billion and $350 million from redevelopment agencies in fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. The CRA has appealed the ruling.
Economic, Political, Social and Environmental Conditions.
Changes in economic, political, social or environmental conditions on a local, State, federal and/or international level may adversely affect California’s financial condition, as well as investment risk generally. Such conditional changes may include (but are not limited to) fluctuations in business production, consumer prices or financial markets, unemployment rates, technological advancements, shortages or surpluses in natural resources or energy supplies, changes in law, social unrest, fluctuations in the crime rate, political conflict, acts of war or terrorism, environmental damage and natural disasters.
Georgia
Located in the southeastern region of the United States, the State of Georgia (“Georgia” and the “State”) has experienced substantial growth over the last several decades. Since 1960, the population of Georgia has more than doubled, currently making Georgia the country’s ninth most populated state. Between 2000 and 2009, Georgia grew by an estimated 1,642,758 people, a growth rate of 20.1 percent, fourth fastest in the nation, and fastest east of the Mississippi River (2009 Census estimate: 9,829,211). From 2000 to 2009, 17 of Georgia’s counties ranked among the nation’s 100 fastest-growing, second most in the nation, including two counties (both located in metro Atlanta) which ranked among the top ten.
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This population increase is expected to continue for the foreseeable future at approximately the same accelerated rate. In its March 2010 report, the Governor’s Office of Planning and Budget estimated that Georgia’s population will increase by an additional 4.6 million people over the next 20 years, with over 60% of this growth attributable to people moving into the state. While the fastest-paced growth is expected in the northern and coastal areas of the state, it is expected that the Atlanta MSA will remain the most densely populated area, with approximately 43% of all Georgians living in this area.
Georgia’s economy is fairly diversified, with private sector employment almost equally spread between manufacturing, services, wholesale sales and retail sales, with concentrations in manufacturing, trade, transportation and utilities, information technology, and professional and business services. During the second half of the 20th century, this diversity allowed Georgia to experience almost continuous economic growth, while other states more dependent upon a single business sector experienced some periods of economic contraction. However, during the last several years, this diversity has been unable to fully insulate Georgia’s economy from the nationwide economic downturn that occurred in 2002-2004 and the current one which began in December 2007.
One area where this economic diversity, in combination with Georgia’s population growth, and its effects on the local economy can be seen is Georgia’s labor market. Historically, Georgia has enjoyed an unemployment rate significantly at or below the national average. Unfortunately, as of June 2010, the state’s unemployment rate stood at 10.0%, which is slightly above the national average of 9.5%.
While the raw numbers are not positive, the trend is favorable. The Georgia unemployment rate is down from a high of 10.5% in March 2010 (but still above a year earlier rate of 9.7%). Similarly, the Georgia total non-farm employment figures are up (3.83 million for June 2010 as opposed to a low of 3.78 million in February 2010), but they are still below year earlier figures (3.88 million). This trend is reflected in the May 2010 US Regional Recession Status by Moody’s Economy.com which classifies Georgia to be “moderating recession,” defined as the state’s economy not contracting as severely as six months earlier.
Historically, most of the job growth in Georgia has been in the Atlanta MSA. However, over the last several years, there has been great emphasis placed upon developing other parts of the State, so that these areas can begin to reap the economic benefits traditionally limited to the Atlanta MSA. One example of this is the OneGeorgia Authority, which is discussed below. Those efforts have begun to bear fruit, as for the last several years, the statewide growth rate has exceeded the Atlanta MSA growth rate. However, this trend has been muted over the past year, as the rate of job loss in the Atlanta MSA (1.0%) has been slightly lower than the rate for the balance of the state (1.3%).
One reason that Georgia has such a positive economic outlook is because of its location, which affords its residents and businesses easy access to commercial centers throughout the nation and the world. As business and consumer confidence grows, it is believed that centers of transportation and logistics will gain as inventories get restocked and goods are shipped. Evidence of this upswing has been observed at both Hartsfield-Jackson Airport and the Port of Savannah; while cargo traffic still remains below prior year levels, as discussed below both locations have Georgia experienced an uptick in cargo traffic over the last few months.
For ground transportation, the capital city of Atlanta is one of the few major US cities with 3 interstate highways. As a result, Georgia manufacturers and distributors are within 2 truckload days of 82% of the US industrial market. During an average week, about 5.9 million tons of freight move across Georgia’s highways. Furthermore, Georgia has the most extensive rail system and largest intermodal hub in the Southeast. Georgia also ranks as the 5th largest overall logistics employer in the nation with nearly 11,000 providers of logistics services.
Since 1998, Hartsfield-Jackson (the “Airport”) has been the busiest passenger airport in the world, serving over 88,032,086 passengers in 2009 through 32 carriers, with destinations to over 231 destinations in 52
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countries. Also, for the fifth consecutive year, the Airport retains its title as the nation’s busiest airport in terms of operations (takeoffs and landings) with 970,258 operations. Atlanta is within a two hour flight of 80% of the United States population. The current economic downturn has negatively impacted the Airport. In 2009 the number of domestic travelers fell 1.69% in one year, while international passengers fell by 3.79%. This downward trend is expected to be short-lived, as annual Airport passenger traffic is anticipated to increase to 121,000,000 by 2015.
The Airport is also considered to be the best among air cargo facilities. In 2009, the Airport was named Air Cargo Week’s Airport of the Year, becoming the first U.S. airport to earn the top prize among the annual World Air Cargo Awards. The Airport also has over 2,000,000 square feet of cargo warehouse space and is the 11th largest air cargo hub in the country and 30th worldwide. In addition to the main cargo complexes, the Airport houses a USDA approved Perishables Complex, the only one in the Southeastern U.S. The Perishables Complex features on-site distribution and transport capabilities, USDA inspection services and a USDA approved fumigation chamber. The Airport is also the only airport in the Southeast to be approved by the USDA to apply cold treatment, which is an environmentally safe alternative to methyl bromide.
This infrastructure enabled the Airport to handle more than 563,139 metric tons of cargo in 2009 (a decrease of 14.06% from 2008); international cargo also decreased from 365,351 to 312,033 metric tons in 2009. However, since November 2009, the Airport has posted upswings in year-over-year cargo traffic for six consecutive months. Cargo traffic in April 2010 was 23.44% higher than the previous year. This figure is expected to grow as Asiana Airline announced it will join the Airport’s growing list of all-cargo carriers starting September 13, 2010. Asiana Airline will operate a freighter with four weekly flights to Seoul, South Korea. The new service is expected to create up to 25 jobs and produce an annual regional economic impact of $24 million.
To facilitate the projected increase in usage, the Airport is in the tenth year of a multi-year improvement project, which is the largest public works project in the history of the State of Georgia. The program was originally budgeted to cost $5.4 billion and to take 10 years to complete, but due to cost and time overruns, the project is now expected to be complete in 2015 at an estimated cost in excess of $6 billion. The centerpiece of this expansion is the building of a fifth runway, which opened on May 16, 2006 and has helped to reduce air traffic congestion by increasing the Airport’s landings and take-offs capacity by 40%. Another major piece of the expansion is the construction of a new international terminal which broke ground in the summer of 2008 and is set for completion in April 2012. The 1.2 million-square-foot international terminal will have 12 new international gates (plus 16 domestic gates) and a 1,100-space parking facility.
The success of the Airport has also had a tremendous impact on the local economy. A recent study commissioned by the City of Atlanta’s Department of Aviation calculated total direct business revenue, including sales to airlines and service providers dependent on the Airport, to be $32.6 billion in 2009, up from $23.5 billion in 2005. In addition, Airport-related jobs in the metro region increased by 11 percent, from 393,100 in 2005 to 434,400 in 2009. The Airport jobs paid more than $4.3 billion in wages in 2009 and generated more than $3 billion in tax revenues for the government.
Finally, with respect to water transport, Georgia has two significant deepwater ports, Savannah and Brunswick, as well as two inland barge operations, Columbus and Bainbridge. Like the Airport, these ports experienced a dip in traffic for 2009, but have recently begun to see a significant uptick in activity. Out of 361 ports in the U.S., Savannah is now the fourth largest container port in the country. It is also the fastest growing container port in the U.S., while the Port of Brunswick is the 6th-largest automobile processing port in the nation. In 2008, the Port of Savannah’s total exports exceeded one million TEUs for the first time in Georgia Ports Authority’s history. However, due to the economic slowdown, Savannah’s total trade declined almost 10% in 2009 over 2008. However, similar to the airport cargo traffic, Savannah has posted upswings in year-over-year TEU throughput for six consecutive months as the May TEU total was 24.7 percent higher than the previous year.
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Also like the Airport, Georgia’s water ports are currently involved in significant capital improvement projects. The Brunswick Deepening Project was completed in 2007 (deepening the mean water depth to 36 feet), as was the preliminary work for the Savannah Harbor Expansion Project. The latter project is expected to be complete by 2012 (2 years prior to the Panama Canal expansion) and will deepen Savannah Harbor from 42 feet to 48 feet. The expansion of the Panama Canal and the Savannah Harbor will allow much larger container ships, twice the capacity of current vessels, to access the Savannah port.
These factors have all contributed to Georgia’s significant link to the global economy, which is recognized by the over 60 countries that have consular, trade, or chamber of commerce offices in Atlanta. More than 4000 internationally-owned facilities representing over 60 countries are located in Georgia. In 2009, $23.8 billion in exports and $53 billion in imports passed through the ports, making Georgia the 12th-largest export state and 9th-largest import state in the U.S.
Over the last several years, Georgia has been successful in attracting international business. In February 2010, Kia Motor Co. (“Kia”), a South Korean automaker, celebrated the grand opening of Kia’s first North American manufacturing facility, located in West Point, Troup County, Georgia, which is located off Interstate 85 near the Georgia-Alabama border. The $1.2 billion facility will produce 300,000 cars a year. Also, seven supplier companies have located near the facility and are expected to employ approximately 3,600 workers. The Kia plant’s economic impact to Georgia is expected to be approximately $4 billion per year. One study predicts the economic benefits brought about by the Kia plant will create 20,000 new jobs by 2012.
In May 2010, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications announced that it will locate the company’s new Americas headquarters in Atlanta, creating about 180 jobs. A few days before Sony Ericsson’s announcement, MAGE SOLAR GMBH, a Ravensburg, Germany-based manufacturer of solar energy products, also announced that it will locate its North American headquarters in Dublin, Georgia. MAGE SOLAR markets high-grade photovoltaic modules, high-performance branded inverters, and mounting systems used in the solar energy industry. This project is estimated to bring $30 million in investment and is estimated to create 350 jobs over five years.
To help foster this international business growth, the Georgia Department of Economic Development has instituted the “Global Georgia” program to promote Georgia within the international community and prioritize international business development. The Georgia Department of Economic Development currently has 10 offices located in Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Europe (Munich, Germany), Japan, Korea, Mexico, Israel and UK & Ireland.
This pro business climate continues to be widely recognized. Recently, Georgia has been ranked among the top 10 states in which to do business by CNBC (#10), Forbes magazine (#6), and Pollina Corporate Real Estate (#8). In 2010, Chief Executive magazine selected Georgia as 7th best state for job growth and business. This is one of many reasons why Georgia is the home to 14 Fortune 500 companies (with the City of Atlanta having the fourth largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the United States), including AFLAC, The Coca-Cola Company, The Home Depot, UPS, Delta Air Lines, Newell Rubbermaid, and NCR. Overall, over 75% of the Fortune 1000 companies have a presence in the Atlanta metropolitan area.
As mentioned above, historically much of this economic largesse has centered around the capital city of Atlanta. However, recently the State government has taken several steps to ensure that the other areas of Georgia share in this growth. Of particular note is the OneGeorgia Authority (the “Authority”). Established in 2000 and funded with a portion of the State’s recovery in the nationwide tobacco litigation settlement, the Authority was created to provide financial assistance to development projects targeted to assist Georgia’s economically distressed areas. It is anticipated that the Authority will invest over $1.6 billion over the term of the tobacco settlement. Unfortunately, due to the economic downturn, the fund for OneGeorgia Authority’s rural economic development program was cut from the fiscal year (“FY”) 2010 budget. However, under the FY 2011 budget, Georgia expects to provide $47,123,333 to fund the rural economic development program.
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The State government of Georgia and its elected officials have historically adopted a very conservative fiscal approach. This approach has resulted in the State having one of the lowest debt levels, per capita, in the United States. In 2007, Georgia had the 3rd lowest state per-capita debt and 4th lowest instate debt as a percent of personal income. As a result, Georgia is one of seven states to maintain a triple “A” bond rating by all three major rating agencies (see below).
General obligation bonds are typically issued by the State pursuant to Article VII, Section IV of the Constitution of the State of Georgia (the “Georgia Constitution”), which provides that such bonds are the direct and general obligations of the State. The operative language is set forth in Article VII, Section IV, Paragraph VI of the Georgia Constitution which provides:
“The full faith, credit and taxing power of the State are hereby pledged to the payment of all public debt incurred under this article and all such debt and the interest on the debt shall be exempt from taxation (emphasis added). . .”.
The Georgia Constitution further obligates the Georgia General Assembly to “raise by taxation and appropriate each fiscal year . such amounts as are necessary to pay debt service requirements in such fiscal year on all general obligation debt.” The Georgia Constitution also establishes a special trust fund (the “State of Georgia General Obligation Debt Sinking Fund”), which is used for the payment of debt service requirements on all general obligation debt.
The Georgia Constitution also establishes certain limitations upon the amount of debt that the State can incur. In particular, Article VII, Section IV, Paragraph II(b) of the Georgia Constitution provides that, except in certain emergency situations (i.e., in times of war or to cover a temporary budget shortfall) the State may not incur additional debt if, in that fiscal year or any subsequent year, the cumulative annual debt service for both general obligation debt and guaranteed revenue debt (including the proposed debt) will exceed 10% of the total revenue receipts, less refunds, for the prior fiscal year. The Georgia Constitution prevents State departments and agencies from circumventing these debt limitation provisions by prohibiting them from executing contracts that may be deemed to constitute a security for bonds or other public obligations. (See Article VII, Section IV, Paragraph IV of the Georgia Constitution.)
As mentioned above, the State may incur “public debt to supply a temporary deficit in the State treasury in any fiscal year created by a delay in collecting the taxes of that year. Such debt shall not exceed, in the aggregate, 5% of the total revenue receipts, less refunds, of the State treasury in the fiscal year immediately preceding the year in which such debt is incurred.” (See Georgia Constitution, Article VII, Section IV, Paragraph I(b).) However, since this provision was enacted, the State has never had to exercise this power.
Virtually all debt obligations represented by bonds issued by the State of Georgia, counties or municipalities or other public subdivisions, and public authorities require validation by a judicial proceeding prior to the issuance of such obligation. The judicial validation makes these obligations incontestable and conclusive, as provided under the Georgia Constitution. (See Article VII, Section VI, Paragraph VI of the Georgia Constitution).
As of June 30, 2009, the State had total outstanding bonded debt of $10,771,468,000. While this represented a substantial increase over the prior year ($9,545,352,000), the State remained well below the 10% threshold at 5.4%. As a result, as of June 30, 2010, the State maintained credits ratings of Aaa, AAA, and AAA from Moody’s Investor Services, Fitch, Inc., and Standard and Poor’s, respectively, making it only one of seven states to maintain such status.
The State of Georgia operates on a fiscal year beginning on July 1 and ending on June 30. Each year the State Economist, the Governor and the State Revenue Commissioner jointly prepare a revenue forecast upon which is based the State budget which is considered, amended, and approved by the Georgia General Assembly.
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To protect the State in the event of a decline in State revenues, and reflective of its conservative fiscal approach, in 1976 the Georgia General Assembly established the Revenue Shortfall Reserve. This reserve is funded by surplus revenue collections, and its existence was instrumental in helping the State weather the nationwide economic downturn during FY 2002-FY 2004. During those 3 years, the State was able to cover revenue shortfalls by drawing monies from this reserve (approximately $680 million over the 3 year period) rather than raising taxes or cutting vital services. With the end of the economic downturn in FY 2005, the State then began to replenish the reserve, so that at the end of FY 2007, the reserve reached its peak with a balance of $1.7 billion (exceeding the pre-FY 2002 balance). Unfortunately, due to the economic downturn, this upward trend was reversed in FY 2008 and by the end of FY 2009 the Revenue Shortfall Reserve balance was reduced to $271 million.
This reserve increase was previously funded by the State experiencing substantial increases in revenue collections. For FY 2007, Georgia experienced a 7.5% increase over prior year collections ($17,600,126,000 versus $16,366,132,000). However, starting in the latter half of FY 2008, net revenue collections have declined. In FY 2009, total revenue collections were down by $1,830,818,000 (down 10.5%) from FY 2008 levels. The effect in the various subareas showed an overall decrease, as Individual Income Taxes (down 12.2%), Motor Fuel Taxes (down 14.8%), Corporate Income Taxes (down 26.3%) and Sales and Use Taxes (down 7.6%) were down from FY 2008 levels. The only areas in which the State experienced an increase in revenue collection were Property Taxes (up 1.9%) and Alcohol Beverages Tax (up 1.2%).
Unfortunately, this downward trend continued in FY 2010. Net revenue collections were down from FY 2009 in all areas, including Individual Income Taxes (down 10%), Motor Fuel Taxes (down 3.8%), Corporate Income Taxes (down 1.4%) and Sales and Use Taxes (down 10.6%). Overall, for FY 2010, net revenue collections totaled around $14 billion, down 9.1% from FY 2009.
On June 8, 2010, Governor Sonny Perdue signed the state’s $17.9 billion FY 2011 budget, $700 million less than the original FY 2010 budget. This budget was also $300 million less than the budget originally recommended to the legislature and $3.5 billion less than the original FY 2008 budget recommendation.
One continued positive source of revenue for the State has been the Georgia Lottery Corporation. Established in 1992, the State uses profits from the lottery to fund numerous education-based initiatives, including a voluntary, state-wide pre-Kindergarten education program and the HOPE Scholarship Program (for post-secondary education). In FY 2010, Georgia Lottery transferred $883,878,000 to the State Treasury’s Lottery for Education Account, over $11.7 million more than in FY 2009. The Georgia Lottery Corp. ended FY 2010 as the only traditional U.S. lottery to experience 12 consecutive years of growth in profits.
One significant byproduct of the HOPE Scholarship Program has been the substantial increase in the percentage of college educated adults. In 1999, only 21% of Georgia’s population had a college degree, far below the national average. In 2008, 27% of the population had a college degree, on par with the national average. Furthermore, in 2010, CNBC ranked the Georgia’s workforce number 3 in the nation.
Another positive source of income to the State has been the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”). During FY 2009, the State recognized $725 million in ARRA funds which were used for miscellaneous purposes.
Personal income is a second key indicator of economic conditions in Georgia. Total personal income, relative to that of the U.S., has been growing despite the economic downturn. For FY 2008, Georgia’s personal income grew by 4.9%, compared to 5.3% for the nation as a whole. However, in 2009 state personal income declined by an average of 1.7%, matching the national average.
Georgia has also undergone significant political change during the 21st century. In November 2002, the State elected its first Republican Governor since Reconstruction. In addition, in light of significant election gains, as
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well as the well-publicized switch of political parties by several State Senators, the Republican Party gained control of the State Senate. This trend continued in 2004, as the Republican Party gained control of the State House and a second Republican Senator was elected (making it the first time since Reconstruction that Georgia had 2 Republican Senators). There is uncertainty surrounding the upcoming 2010 elections as, in addition to voting on the Legislature, Georgians will elect a new Governor (the current Governor is prohibited from running due to a 2-term limit).
Significant Contingent Liabilities
In response to a written request from the State Auditor, the Law Department for the State identified the following material litigation, claims and assessments as of June 30, 2009:
Plymel, et al. v. Teachers Retirement System, et al., Fulton Superior Court Civil Action No. 2004-CV-84312; Georgia Supreme Court decision reported at 282 Ga. 409 (2006). The Plaintiffs in this case filed a class action in April, 2004, seeking additional retirement benefits retroactive to the time of their individual retirement dates for a class of those retirees who elected survivorship options and who retired between 1983 and February 1, 2003, in the retirement plan administered by the Teachers Retirement System of Georgia (“TRS”). Plaintiff/Retirees alleged that TRS’ failure to use updated mortality tables resulted in miscalculations of monthly benefits and therefore additional monies are due to Plaintiffs for underpayment of benefits. The Plaintiff class numbers approximately 15,000. TRS was unsuccessful defending the case on the merits. The court in Plymel utilized a statute of limitations of six years, a pre-judgment rate of interest of 7% and a post-judgment interest rate equal to prime plus 3%. The Plaintiffs’ attorneys were awarded a fee equal to 25% of the total liability due to the class under the judgment. The total liability for TRS in this case for the adjusted benefit payments and attorneys’ fees was finalized at $414,259,402 and, following a final payment in September, 2009, is paid in full. All payments made by TRS pursuant to this class action were paid from the assets of TRS.
William A. Willis, et at. v. Employees’ Retirement System of Georgia, et al., Fulton Superior Court Civil Action No. 2007-CV-128923, filed January 31, 2007, set forth against Employees’ Retirement System of Georgia (“ERS”) exactly the same issues as were presented in Plymel v. TRS. The parties having agreed that the Plymel rulings will apply in Willis as well, ERS conceded liability on the breach of contract claim in Willis. ERS has agreed, and the Court has accepted, that the parties will use the statute of limitations and interest rate figures used in the Plymel case. The total liability for ERS in this case for the adjusted benefit payments and attorneys’ fees was finalized at $145,972,960. To date, ERS has made payments of approximately $31,309,000 in FY 2009, and approximately $43,500,000 on September 1, 2009, with approximately $71,164,000 liability outstanding and payable over time. All payments made by ERS pursuant to this class action are paid from the assets of ERS. The only remaining issue outstanding in Willis concerns application of an administrative rule that limits retirement benefits to 90% of the highest salary earned by the member while actively employed. This issue was scheduled to be heard before the court in September, 2009, but the hearing was postponed pending settlement discussions. A status conference was scheduled for January 21, 2010. The outcome of this issue is not anticipated to have an appreciable effect on the total liability amount.
Smitha Anderson v. PSERS, et al., Fulton Superior Court Civil Action No. 2008-CV-154757. This is another class action presenting the same issues as Willis and Plymel, set forth against the Public School Employees Retirement System (“PSERS”). The parties agreed to apply the same statute of imitations and interest rates determined in Willis and Plymel. The total liability for PSERS in this case for adjusted benefit payments and attorneys’ fees was finalized at $2,168,024. To date, PSERS has made payments of approximately $1,086,000, with approximately $1,082,000 liability outstanding and payable over time. All payments made by PSERS pursuant to this class action are paid from the assets of PSERS.
Georgia Power Company v. Graham, Fulton County Superior Court Civil Action File No. 2007-CV 137383 filed on or about July 24, 2007. This case arose from Georgia Power’s claim for the Port Tax Credit (the “Credit”) provided by O.C.G.A. § 48-7-40.15. Georgia Power asserts that its increase in imports through Georgia
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ports during the tax years 2002 through 2004 inclusive qualifies Georgia Power to receive a Credit based income tax refund. The total Credit claimed is in excess of $50 million, although the amount of refund for each taxable year is capped, with the excess Credit carrying forward to subsequent tax years. The Commissioner has answered the Complaint asserting that Georgia Power Company does not satisfy the statutory requirements to qualify for the Credit. Discovery in this case is complete and the parties have filed cross-motions for summary judgment. It is anticipated that oral argument on the cross-motions for summary judgment will be heard in January 2010.
Western Surety Company and Continental Casualty Company v. the State of Georgia, Department of Transportation, Heard County Superior Court Civil Action No. 08-v-l06. The plaintiff, Western Surety Company and Continental Casualty Company (“Western Surety”) was the surety company for Bruce Albea Company (“BAC”) on a Georgia Department of Transportation (“GDOT”) project. On June 29, 2007 BAC delivered a notice to GDOT advising that it was voluntarily abandoning the project. GDOT directed Western Surety to take over the work in accordance with the construction contract and Western Surety subsequently hired a completion contractor. Western Surety filed this action against GDOT on March 18, 2008, alleging three breach of contract causes of action, two related to price escalations of asphalt both prior to and subsequent to the original completion date, and the third alleging the failure to pay an outstanding contract balance in excess of $500,000 for work performed by the completion contractor. Western Surety also alleges a claim under the Prompt Payment Act. The case is currently in discovery. Plaintiffs have not stated a final claim amount but preliminary indications of potential damages sought are approximately $9,000,000.
Salary-Related Litigation: A state employee and certain teachers have brought separate law suits challenging steps the State has taken to manage expenditures relative to reduced revenues. In Stalling, et at. v. State of Georgia, et al., several school teachers contend that: (i) a statutory amendment making the payment of monetary incentives to teachers for achieving national certification “subject to appropriations” of funding for such incentive payments and (ii) any subsequent reductions in the appropriations are unconstitutional. In Estill, et al. v. State of Georgia, et al., a state employee seeks class certification and contends that state employees were entitled under state law to a general salary increase of 2 1/2% for the latter half of FY 2009 on the basis of initial appropriations (later reduced). Both cases are pending in the Superior Court of Fulton County and are in the initial stages of litigation. The State’s position is that the statute challenged in the Stalling case is constitutional; that the actions of the defendants in both cases were within their lawful authority, and that the plaintiffs in both cases are not entitled to any relief.
Citibank USA, N.A., et al. v. Bart L. Graham, Fulton County Superior Court, Case No.2007-CV-140161. This action was filed on September 20, 2007 and seeks a sales tax refund of $10,147,730 from the Department of Revenue. It involves a legal issue decided in the Department’s favor in Citibank USA, N.A., et al. v. Graham, Fulton County Superior Court, Case No. 2005-CV-109444, which was filed December 2, 2005 to obtain a $2,281,990 refund. Citibank’s application for discretionary appeal in the first lawsuit was denied by the Georgia Court of Appeals. The issues in second case are fully briefed, and we are awaiting a decision on the Department’s motion to dismiss.
Kenny A., et at. v. Sonny Perdue, Department of Human Resources, et al., United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, Nos. 06-15514, 06-15874. This was a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of 2,200 children in state custody asserting systemic deficiencies in foster care in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A Consent Decree was entered wherein the Department of Human Resources (“DHR”) agreed to make a number of specific system-wide management and infrastructure reforms. The District Court appointed two independent accountability agents to monitor DHR’s progress and awarded attorneys’ fees to the plaintiffs in the amount of $10.5 million. DHR appealed the award of attorneys’ fees to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. In July, 2008, the Court of Appeals affirmed the entire award. However, the majority opinion noted that the panel grudgingly affirmed the $4.5 million multiplier applied by the district court because they were bound by Eleventh Circuit precedent which may conflict with that of the United States Supreme Court. In light of the tone of the majority and concurring opinions, DHR filed a petition for rehearing en banc in the Eleventh Circuit which was denied on November 5, 2008. On April 6, 2009, the U.S. Supreme Court granted the State’s petition for
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certiorari on the award of attorney’s fees in this case, and oral argument was conducted before the Supreme Court on October 14, 2009. A decision in this case is not expected until mid-2010.
Buford Dam/Lake Lanier Water Litigation: The State is involved in multi-district litigation in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida which includes several cases involving the operation of Buford Dam and Lake Lanier. In 1946, the U.S. Congress authorized and funded the construction of the Buford Dam, and granted the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the “Corps”) authority to operate Buford Dam and the resulting reservoir, Lake Lanier. Water supply was declared to be an incidental purpose of the project. Construction on the dam commenced in 1950 and lasted approximately six years. In 1958, the U.S. Congress enacted the Water Supply Act of 1958, which allowed the Corps to use its reservoir projects for municipal water supply subject to certain restrictions. During the 1970’s the Corps began to enter into water supply contracts with certain Georgia municipalities allocating water from Lake Lanier storage for local water supply. The Corps took the position that this was an appropriate use. However, when Atlanta and other surrounding communities sought additional water in the late 1980’s, the Corps prepared a draft post authorization change report as part of the process of granting the request. Subsequently, Alabama initiated litigation against the Corps in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, in which Florida and Georgia intervened.
Following almost twenty years of litigation and negotiations involving the use of water among various private entities and governmental entities in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, multiple cases involving the use of the waters of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin were referred to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (the “District Court”), sitting as a multi-district litigation court, for resolution. The main components of such litigation are: (1) a case involving the rights of Georgia municipalities to use water from Lake Lanier (the “Georgia I” case); (2) a case involving the right of the Southeastern Federal Power Customers Association to be compensated for loss of hydroelectric power production due to the increasing use of water from Lake Lanier by Georgia municipalities; and (3) a case dealing with the quantity of water that the Corps should release from Lake Lanier to support the habitat of certain endangered species in the Apalachicola River in Florida in purported violation of the Endangered Species Act (the “ESA Litigation”). The ESA Litigation is in the early stages.
On July 17, 2009, the District Court issued an order making the following findings in the Georgia I case (the “Georgia I Order”): (1) water supply is not an authorized purpose of Lake Lanier, i.e., the lake was not built to provide for water supplies to municipalities in Georgia; (2) the quantity of water usage that would be authorized under a 1989 draft post authorization change in use report prepared by the Corps would require approval by the U.S. Congress; (3) the present level of water usage from Lake Lanier by Georgia municipalities violates the Federal Water Supply Act of 1958 and therefore is not authorized; and (4) the request by Georgia to the Corps, made in 2000, for additional water from Lake Lanier, would also violate the Federal Water Supply Act of 1958, and would be unauthorized. The Georgia I Order allows Georgia municipalities to continue using water from Lake Lanier for three years at current water usage levels in order to achieve a Congressional or other settlement, after which water usage from Lake Lanier (in the form of withdrawals from the lake and releases for downstream withdrawal) must revert to the “baseline” operation of the mid-1970’s, with an exception for withdrawal of 10 million gallons of water per day for the cities of Buford and Gainesville, Georgia. The State has filed a notice of appeal and has also requested that the District Court enter final judgment in Georgia I on the theory that all issues in such case are resolved. The District Court has declined the State’s request for the entry of final judgment. Alabama and Florida, as opposing parties, contend that the Georgia I Order is not appealable and have asked the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals to dismiss Georgia’s appeal.
Maryland
Risks of Concentration. The following information as to certain state specific considerations is given to investors in view of the Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund’s policy of concentrating its investments in Maryland issuers. This information supplements the information in the prospectus. This information constitutes only a brief summary, does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official
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statements relating to securities offerings of the State of Maryland (“Maryland” or the “State”) and other sources that are generally available to investors as of July 15, 2010. While generally believed to be accurate, we have not independently verified the information in this summary and will not be updating it during the year. Estimates and projections are based upon assumptions which could be affected by many factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will prove, or continue, to be accurate.
Unless stated otherwise, the ratings indicated are for obligations of the State and are current as of July 15, 2010; there can be no assurance that these ratings will not change. Bonds issued by Maryland’s political subdivisions and other issuers of tax-exempt bonds may have different ratings which are unrelated to the ratings assigned to State bonds. Similarly, conduit bonds issued for private borrowers have ratings which are unrelated to the ratings assigned to State bonds.
Maryland and its economy. According to the 2000 Census, Maryland’s population on April 1 of that year was 5,296,486, an increase of 10.8% from the 1990 Census. Maryland’s population is concentrated in urban areas. Approximately 87.0% of Maryland’s population lives in the densely populated Baltimore-Washington region. Per capita income in 2009 was $48,285 in Maryland, compared to the national average of $39,138 in that year. Per capita income in Maryland increased at an annual rate of 0.3% in 2009, higher than the national decline of 2.6%.
Maryland’s economy is more reliant on the service and government sectors than the nation as a whole, while the manufacturing sector is much less significant in Maryland than it is nationwide. As one of the wealthier states, in Maryland a greater share of personal income is derived from dividends, interest and rent, and a lesser share comes from transfer payments. Maryland’s economy is also particularly sensitive to changes in federal employment and spending. The percentage of personal income earned from federal and military employment in 2009 was 10.5% for Maryland residents, compared to 4.1% nationwide. Maryland’s unemployment rate has been lower than the rest of the country for the past ten years, while the labor force in Maryland has grown more slowly than the rest of the country in seven of the last ten years. In 2009, the unemployment rate in Maryland was 7.0%, as compared to a national unemployment rate of 9.3%. In May 2010 these rates had increased to 7.2% in Maryland and 9.7% in the United States as a result of the ongoing economic downturn.
State fiscal information. The Maryland Constitution requires the State to enact a balanced budget for each of its fiscal years, which run from July 1 to June 30. Maryland’s fiscal year 2009 ended with a $87.2 million general fund balance on a budgetary basis, reflecting a $349.9 million decrease compared to the balance projected at the time the fiscal year 2010 budget was enacted. In addition, there was a balance of $691.8 million in the Revenue Stabilization Account of the State Reserve Fund. The Revenue Stabilization Account of the State Reserve Fund provides financial support for future needs of the State and is intended to reduce the need for future tax and other revenue increases. However, the State can move funds in the Revenue Stabilization Account to cover other areas of its budget, and has done so recently. As described below, over the last few years the State has used reserve funds to pay for operating shortfalls. General fund revenues on a budgetary basis realized in the State’s fiscal year 2009 were below estimates by $356.4 million, or 2.7%. On a GAAP basis, the fiscal year 2009 reserved general fund balance was $1,363.0 million, while the unreserved, designated and undesignated, fund balances were $146.9 million and $0.0 million, respectively; these balances compare to the reserved general fund balance of $1,388.2 million, and unreserved, designated and undesignated, fund balances of $538.0 million and $959.4 million, respectively, at the end of fiscal year 2008.
2010 budget. On April 13, 2009, the General Assembly approved the budget for fiscal year 2010. The fiscal year 2010 budget included, among other things: (1) funds to the State’s retirement and pension systems consistent with the “corridor” methodology of funding as prescribed by statute; (2) $5,736.3 million in aid to local governments from general funds reflecting full funding of the Thornton public school assistance program; and (3) deficiency appropriations of $273.0 million for fiscal year 2009, including a reduction of $364.9 million in the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene primarily in Medicaid due to the availability of federal stimulus funds as further described below.
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As part of the fiscal year 2010 budget plan, the General Assembly enacted the Budget Reconciliation and Financing Act of 2009 (the “2009 Act”), which provided for transfers to the General Fund in fiscal year 2010 of $216.3 million, including $31.0 million of transfer tax revenues and $161.9 million from the local share of highway user revenues. The 2009 Act and other legislative actions cumulatively decreased fiscal year 2010 revenues by $24.8 million.
Reductions to required fiscal year 2010 general fund appropriations included $34.0 million in aid to community colleges; $24.0 million due to modifications in the local jail reimbursement program; $16.1 million representing a decrease in the State share (from 80% to 70%) of the cost of placing students with special needs in non-public establishments; and $11.8 million reflecting the elimination of a State match of employee contributions to the deferred compensation plan. The fiscal year 2010 budget did not include funds for any employee cost of living adjustment or merit increases. State aid to primary and secondary schools included $10.8 million in Education Trust Fund revenues generated through anticipated licensing fees for Video Lottery Terminals and $297.3 million in State Fiscal Stabilization Funds authorized by the American Recovery and Reimbursement Act of 2009 (“ARRA”). The fiscal year 2010 budget also included $660.0 million in additional federal funds for the Medicaid program resulting from increased federal funding authorized by ARRA.
The fiscal year 2010 budget included $139.9 million for the Revenue Stabilization Account of the State Reserve Fund. The required certain payment of $63.0 million from the Dedicated Purpose Account to the Maryland Transportation Authority for certain transportation projects was reduced and funded with general obligation bonds instead. Transfers from the State Reserve Fund to the general fund totaled $210.0 million in fiscal year 2010.
Subsequent Events – fiscal year 2010. In order to close emerging gaps between anticipated revenues and budgeted expenditures, the Governor proposed, and the Board of Public Works approved, general fund budget reductions of $205.3 million on July 22, 2009, $223.3 million on August 26, 2009 and $102.8 million on November 18, 2009.
As part of the fiscal year 2011 budget plan discussed below, the General Assembly enacted the Budget Reconciliation and Financing Act of 2010 (the “2010 Act”), legislation that authorizes various funding changes resulting in increased general fund revenues and decreased general fund appropriations. The 2010 Act authorized transfers to the general fund in fiscal year 2010 of $317.4 million from various special fund balances, including $136.2 million from a highway user revenue account and $133.3 million from the University System of Maryland. An additional $330.1 million in unexpended capital program balances were authorized for transfer to the general fund, including $103.1 million from the local jurisdictions’ share of certain park improvement funds. The 2010 Act and other legislative actions cumulatively increase fiscal year 2010 general fund revenues by $58.8 million. As of July 15, 2010, the State estimated that the general fund balance on a budgetary basis at June 30, 2010 would be $153.8 million. In addition, the State estimated that the balance in the Revenue Stabilization Account of the State Reserve Fund would be $612.1 million at June 30, 2010, equal to 4.8% of estimated general fund revenues.
2011 Budget. On April 12, 2010, the General Assembly enacted the budget for fiscal year 2011. The fiscal year 2011 budget includes, among other things: (1) funds to the State’s retirement and pension systems consistent with the “corridor” methodology of funding as prescribed by statute; (2) $5,741.6 million in aid to local governments from general funds; (3) $15.0 million to the State Reserve Fund; and (4) deficiency appropriations of $195.8 million for fiscal year 2010, including $108.9 million for Medicaid and $39.3 million for public education. The fiscal year 2011 budget does not include funds for any employee cost of living adjustment, merit increases, nor a match for contributions to deferred compensation.
As part of the fiscal year 2011 budget plan, the General Assembly enacted the 2010 Act, which increases fiscal year 2011 general fund revenues by $35.5 million, including $22.1 million by diverting to the general fund a portion of sales taxes and motor fuel taxes from the Chesapeake Bay 2010 Fund, $11.0 million resulting from
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changes in the allocation of interest earnings that otherwise would be retained in special funds accounts, and $2.4 million in admissions and amusement tax attributable to the cultural arts. The fiscal year 2011 budget also includes net general fund revenue increases of $9.2 million from various sources. The 2010 Act authorizes transfers to the general fund in fiscal year 2011 of $22.3 million, including $11.7 million from the University System of Maryland and $6.0 million in furlough-related savings from various special funds. The 2010 Act also authorizes transfers to the general fund totaling $111.7 million from capital-related special fund balances, including $45.0 million from the Bay Restoration Fund and $54.0 million in transfer tax revenues.
State aid to primary and secondary schools includes $114.0 million in Education Trust Fund revenues generated through $60.0 million in anticipated revenue from Video Lottery Terminals and $54.0 million in gaming licensing fees. The 2011 budget also includes $389.0 million in additional federal funds for the Medicaid program. The State has indicated that it anticipates federal legislation extending the enhanced federal Medicaid match provisions originally authorized by ARRA; at this time, this legislation has not been enacted.
The fiscal year 2011 budget includes $15.0 million for the State Reserve Fund in the Dedicated Purpose Account for distribution to the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene for the Prince George’s County Health Care System. The fiscal year 2011 budget also eliminates operating funds for certain road improvements, which will be funded in fiscal year 2011 by general obligation bonds instead. No transfers from the State Reserve Fund to the general fund are planned in fiscal year 2011.
As of July 15, 2010, the State projected the general fund balance on a budgetary basis at June 30, 2011 to be $203.9 million. In addition, the State projected the balance in the Revenue Stabilization Account of the State Reserve Fund to be $630.7 million at June 30, 2011, equal to 4.8% of estimated general fund revenues.
Federal stimulus funding. ARRA provides support for the states, including the State, by funding infrastructure, education programs, human services programs, and providing discretionary funds. ARRA provides over $4.5 billion in formula funding to Maryland governments. ARRA grants to Maryland provide $421.7 million for educational programs, $765.2 million for infrastructure programs, and $477.7 million for other programs. ARRA also includes $101.8 million in grants to local governments and aid organizations that are not appropriated in the State budget. These funds will be distributed directly to the local governments and aid organizations.
ARRA also provides federal grants for which State and local governments must compete, including grants to support law enforcement, habitat conservation, and the arts. It is uncertain how much of these funds the State or Maryland local governments will receive and, accordingly, they are not included in ARRA estimates for Maryland.
ARRA’s most significant impact for Maryland is the $2.9 billion that can support State general fund commitments. These funds support Medicaid, education, and discretionary State spending; the funds are used in the place of general funds to sustain State funding from fiscal years 2009 to 2011. When the funds are no longer available, the State and other Maryland local government will need to replace the funds or reduce spending. ARRA also permits 18.2% of the Fiscal Stabilization funds to support general government services; these funds, which total $160.1 million, have been applied $1.5 million in fiscal year 2009, $79.6 million to 2010 and the remaining $79.0 million is included in the fiscal year 2011 budget.
Other fiscal challenges facing Maryland. The State also has a substantial unfunded actuarial liability, estimated to be approximately $18.4 billion as of June 30, 2009, or 172.2% of payroll, on the pension plans guaranteed by the State. Other retirement programs administered by the State also are experiencing material shortfalls, as are the retirement programs of the City of Baltimore. In addition, after several years of analysis of the State’s other post-employment benefit (“OPEB”) liabilities, the State has determined that the State’s unfunded actuarial accrued liability for OPEB liabilities was $15.5 billion as of June 30, 2009; the amount held in trust to pay OPEB liabilities was $174.3 million as of that date. A commission formed in 2006 to develop a
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plan with respect to the State’s OPEB liabilities reported in an Interim Report released in December 2008 that, in its view, Maryland cannot sustain the current level of retiree health benefits. The commission is continuing to explore options for redesigning retired health benefits and/or the way the State pays for them to arrive at a solution that is both fiscally sound and fair to current and retired State employees.
State-level municipal obligations. Neither the Constitution nor general laws of Maryland impose any limit on the amount of debt the State can incur. However, Maryland’s Constitution prohibits the creation of State debt unless it is authorized by a law that provides for the collection of an annual tax or taxes sufficient to pay the interest when due and to discharge the principal within 15 years of the date of issuance. Taxes levied for this purpose may not be repealed or applied to any other purpose until the debt is fully discharged. These restrictions do not necessarily apply to other issuers within the State. The General Assembly, by separate enabling act, typically authorizes a particular loan for a particular project or purpose. In its fiscal year 2009 capital program, 49% of the new general obligations bond authorizations represent financing of State-owned capital facilities and State programs, 50% represent financing of capital improvements owned by local governmental units, and 1% represent financing of capital improvements owned by non-profit or other private entities. The Board of Public Works authorizes State general obligation bond issues and supervises the expenditure of funds received therefrom, as well as all funds appropriated for capital improvements other than roads, bridges and highways. The State has projected to have approximately $9,695.1 billion of State tax-supported debt outstanding as of July 31, 2010.
The State’s public indebtedness can be generally divided into the following categories:
• | The State and various counties, agencies and municipalities of the State issue general obligation bonds, payable from ad valorem taxes, for capital improvements and for various projects, including local-government initiatives and grants to private, nonprofit, cultural and educational institutions. The State’s real property tax is pledged exclusively to the repayment of its bonds. The Board of Public Works is required to fix the property tax rate by each May 1 in an amount sufficient to pay all debt service on the State’s general obligation bonds for the coming fiscal year. At least since the end of the Civil War, Maryland has paid the principal of and interest on its general obligation bonds when due. As of July 15, 2010, the State’s general obligation bonds were rated AAA by Fitch, Aaa by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., and AAA by Standard & Poor’s. We cannot assure you that such ratings will be maintained in the future. |
• | The Maryland Department of Transportation issues limited special-obligation bonds for transportation purposes, payable primarily from specific, fixed-rate excise taxes and other revenues generated from the financed facilities, including an expansion to BWI airport, rail transportation facilities, highways and other transportation facilities. Holders of these bonds are not entitled to look to any other sources of payment. The 2009 General Assembly established a maximum outstanding principal amount of $661.8 million as of June 30, 2010, for all nontraditional debt of the Maryland Department of Transportation. Nontraditional debt outstanding is defined as any debt instrument that is not a consolidated transportation bond or Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle (“GARVEE”) Bond; such debt includes, but is not limited to, certificates of participation (documented by conditional purchase agreements), debt backed by customer facility charges, passenger facility charges, or other revenues, and debt issued by Maryland Economic Development Corporation (“MEDCO”) or any other third party on behalf of the Maryland Department of Transportation. As of March 31, 2010, the outstanding principal amount of such nontraditional debt was $671.4 million and is projected to be $661.8 million at June 30, 2010. |
• | The Maryland Stadium Authority issues limited special-obligation bonds and notes to finance stadiums, convention centers and recreational facilities payable primarily from lease rentals, sports lottery and other revenues. At March 31, 2010, the principal amount of outstanding Maryland Stadium Authority bonds and capital leases was $249.7 million. |
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• | Certain other State units, such as Maryland’s university systems, the Maryland Transportation Authority and the Maryland Water Quality Financing Administration, as well as several local governments, are authorized to borrow funds pursuant to legislation that expressly provides that the State will not be deemed to have given any pledge or assurance of repayment, and for which the State will have no liability for repayment. These obligations are payable solely from specific non-tax revenues of the borrowers, including loan obligations from nonprofit organizations, corporations and other private entities. The issuers of these obligations are subject to various economic risks and uncertainties, and the credit quality of the securities issued by them may vary considerably from the quality of obligations backed by the full faith and credit of the State of Maryland. For example, the Maryland Transportation Authority, like the Maryland Department of Transportation, has issued bonds which are payable solely from collections from airline travel; declines in air traffic at BWI airport could impede repayment of such bonds. |
• | During the 2004 General Session, the General Assembly created the Bay Restoration Fund to be managed by the Maryland Water Quality Financing Administration. The Bay Restoration Fund receives a mandatory fee of $30 per year per equivalent dwelling unit from users of sewerage systems in Maryland, as well as $30 per year from septic system users. The Bay Restoration Fund sewer fee generated $53.3 million in revenue (cash basis) during fiscal year 2009. Future sewer fee revenues are projected at approximately $55.0 million per year. The sewer fee revenues are pledged, to the extent necessary, as security for revenue bonds issued by the Maryland Water Quality Financing Administration, the proceeds of which will be applied primarily to provide grant funds to upgrade wastewater treatment plants with enhanced nutrient removal technology. The first $50 million of Bay Restoration Revenue Bonds were issued on June 25, 2008. Between 2010 and 2012, the Maryland Water Quality Financing Administration expects to issue an additional $480.0 million in Bay Restoration Revenue Bonds. A fiscal year 2010 transfer of $155.0 million and a fiscal year 2011 transfer of $45.0 million from the Bay Restoration Fund to the general fund will not affect the security or issuance of these bonds. |
• | The State, its agencies and departments, and the various localities also enter into a variety of municipal leases, installment purchase, conditional purchase, sale-leaseback and similar transactions to finance the construction and acquisition of facilities and equipment. Such arrangements are not general obligations to which the issuing government’s taxing power is pledged but are ordinarily backed by the issuer’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments due on such obligations. Such arrangements generally contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the issuing government has no obligation to make payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In the event that appropriations are not made, the issuing government cannot be held contractually liable for the payments. As of June 30, 2010 the total of such financings outstanding was $210.6 million. |
Although the State has the authority to make short-term borrowings up to a maximum of $100 million in anticipation of taxes and other receipts, in the past 20 years the State has not issued short-term tax anticipation notes or made any other similar short-term borrowings for cash flow purposes.
Other issuers of municipal bonds. Maryland can be divided into 24 subdivisions, comprised of 23 counties plus the independent City of Baltimore. Some of the counties and the City of Baltimore operate pursuant to the provisions of charters or codes of their own adoption, while others operate pursuant to State statutes. As a result, not all localities in Maryland follow the debt-authorization procedures outlined above. Maryland counties and the City of Baltimore typically receive most of their revenues from taxes on real and personal property, income taxes, miscellaneous taxes, and aid from the State. Their expenditures include public education, public safety, public works, health, public welfare, court and correctional services, and general governmental costs. Although some of these localities have received ratings of AAA from rating agencies, these ratings are often achieved through bond insurance or other credit enhancement. Over the last several years, however, repeated downgrades
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of the ratings of bond insurers have resulted in substantially lower ratings on these bonds. Additionally, most issuers within Maryland have received lower ratings than the State.
Many of Maryland’s counties have established subsidiary agencies with bond-issuing powers, such as sanitary districts, housing authorities, parking revenue authorities and industrial development authorities. For example, the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, which provides water and sewerage services in the District of Columbia area, and the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, which administers a park system, both issue bonds. Many of the municipal corporations in Maryland have also issued bonds. In addition, all Maryland localities have the authority under State law to issue bonds payable from payments from private borrowers. All of these entities are subject to various economic risks and uncertainties, including the risks faced by the Maryland economy generally, and the credit quality of the securities issued by them varies with the financial strengths of the respective borrowers and the revenues pledged to the repayment of the bonds.
Local governments in Maryland receive substantial aid from the State for a variety of programs, including education costs and discretionary grants. However, cuts in State aid to local governments, lower tax and other receipts and the overall economic situation have required some Maryland counties and municipalities to find creative sources of revenue and to cut services and expenditures. The ongoing budget shortfalls at the State level, as well as other future events, might require further reductions in, or the discontinuation of, some or all State aid payments to local governments. Cutbacks in State aid and reductions in other local revenues are adversely affecting local economies.
Risks and uncertainties. Generally, the primary default risk associated with government obligations is the nonpayment of taxes or other revenues supporting the debt. In addition, certain debt obligations in the Fund may be obligations of issuers other than the State, such as those listed above. Although the State has received the highest ratings from ratings agencies, local governments and other issuers may have higher debt-to-assessment ratios, and/or greater credit risk, than the State itself, and as a result may be unable to repay their obligations. Other obligations are issued by entities which lack taxing power to repay their obligations, such as industrial development authorities and housing authorities. Certain debt may consist of obligations which are payable solely from the revenues of private institutions within one industry, such as health care. The default risk may be higher for such obligations, since any decline in that one industry could impede repayment. Finally, the economic environment has had and continues to have a substantial impact on the bond markets. The State, its political subdivisions and other conduit borrowers regularly issue bonds to fund capital projects. Since the credit crisis began, interest rates on some financings have increased and other financing sources have dried up. As a result, some local governments and other borrowers have experienced increased borrowing costs or cash flow difficulties.
As described above, State and local revenues have been reduced due, at least in part, to the current economic environment. Substantial losses in the job market, considerable declines in individual and business income taxes and transfer and other ad valorem property taxes, coupled with reduced consumer and business expenditures have already impacted State and local revenues and are likely to continue to do so for some time. The cumulative effect of the ongoing market uncertainty and the economy makes the economic outlook of the State, its political subdivisions and other borrowers challenging and at the same time, difficult to predict. While Maryland’s economy is unusually dependent on the federal government because a large percentage of Maryland residents are employed either by the federal government or in companies working with the federal government, other sectors of Maryland’s economy are experiencing the same difficulties as in the rest of the nation. Additionally, funds received by the State and any localities under ARRA are only temporarily available to support general fund commitments. Maryland and its local governments will need to decrease spending, cut employment, raise taxes and take other measures to balance their budgets for several years.
The impact of State budget cuts places an additional burden on local governments. The City of Baltimore and other political subdivisions and municipalities, many of which were already experiencing fiscal pressures due to general economic conditions and other factors, are themselves experiencing lower revenues due to lower
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income tax and property transfer tax revenues. Many of these local governments depend on State aid, and cutbacks in such aid as a result of the State’s own financial issues is adversely affecting local budgets.
Finally, the ongoing economic environment and credit crisis could affect the cash flow and ability of many conduit borrowers on bonds to service the debt service payments on their bonds; many of these entities may be unable to raise revenues due to weak consumer demand or other factors or may be experiencing higher costs (e.g., increased charity care), so the combination of higher interest rates, lack of access to capital and lower revenues or higher expenses could result in defaults on these conduit obligations. Similarly, reductions in State aid (e.g. to private educational and social or health institutions) may affect the budget of private borrowers.
North Carolina
State Economy
According to 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the State of North Carolina (“North Carolina” or the “State”) is the tenth most populous state, with a population greater than 9.2 million people. Its economy is a combination of manufacturing, agriculture, services and tourism. There is also a significant military presence in North Carolina, contributing almost 7% of the gross state product, according to a 2008 study by the North Carolina Department of Commerce.
The State is transitioning from an economy based mainly in agriculture and manufacturing (e.g. furniture and textiles) to a services and goods based economy. Greater than 50% of North Carolina’s labor force is employed in one of four industry sectors: health care and societal assistance, retail trade, manufacturing and educational services. However, the manufacturing slowdown continues to be felt in North Carolina. Manufacturing employment, which currently constitutes approximately 11.5% of total employment, has decreased significantly from 2003, when it constituted approximately 16% of total employment. While North Carolina remains the national leader in textile employment, job losses in the industry, which have been mounting for decades, are expected to continue. Nationwide, employment in the textile industry is expected to decline by 35% through the year 2016.
The national and global economic downturn has had a negative impact on North Carolina’s economy. North Carolina’s labor market has contracted significantly since January 2008, with the unemployment rate rising from 5.0% in January 2008 to 10.8% in April 2010. During the same period, total employment (as reported by the Employment Security Commission of North Carolina) decreased by over 251,000 jobs or 5.8%. The unemployment rate in April 2010 was the nation’s fourteenth highest and is slightly below the State’s highest recorded unemployment rate since the State began keeping seasonally adjusted data in 1976 (11.2% in February 2010). The unemployment rate is predicted to peak in 2010, followed by a decrease to approximately 9.0% in 2011. The education and health services sector, which is projected to expand 2.5% over the next several years, will likely lead the growth in employment, while construction and manufacturing will likely suffer longer than other industry sectors.
State Budget
The North Carolina Constitution requires that the total expenditures of the State for the fiscal period covered by the budget not exceed the total receipts during the period plus any surplus remaining in the State Treasury at the beginning of the period. The State’s budget is originally proposed by the Governor (the “Governor’s Recommended Budget”) in odd-numbered years. The Governor’s Recommended Budget is a biennial budget covering the two fiscal years starting July 1 of the year in which it is first proposed, and ending June 30 of the second year thereafter. The North Carolina General Assembly (the “General Assembly”), which has final authority to approve the State’s budget, considers the Governor’s Recommended Budget during its long session, held in odd-numbered years, making changes as it sees fit. The final budget must be ratified by both houses of the General Assembly and either signed into law by the Governor or, if the Governor vetoes the bill, overridden
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by a 3/5 vote of the General Assembly. During its short session, held in even-numbered years, the General Assembly has the power to adjust the certified budget for the second year of the biennium, based on revenues collected and economic and other considerations. The biennial budget for fiscal years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 was ratified by the General Assembly on August 5, 2009 and signed into law by the Governor on August 7, 2009 (the “Certified Budget”).
The Certified Budget included revenue adjustments and significant revisions to the State’s tax structure, together expected to generate approximately $3 billion in additional revenue over the biennium. The majority of this additional revenue was expected to come from various changes to the State’s tax laws, including a temporary increase in the sales tax rate, temporary surtaxes on individual and corporate income, a slight broadening of the sales tax base, and an increased excise tax on tobacco and alcohol sales. The additional revenue available during the biennium, consisting in large part of these changes in tax laws, totaled $1.4 billion in fiscal year 2009-10 and $1.5 billion in fiscal year 2010-11.
On April 13, 2010, the Fiscal Research Division of the General Assembly released its memorandum on the revised consensus revenue forecast for the remainder of the biennium. The consensus forecast represents a revenue forecast agreed upon by the Fiscal Research Division and the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management and provides one basis upon which the General Assembly makes adjustments to the Certified Budget during its short session. According to the consensus forecast, the revenues for 2009-2010 are expected to fall short of the Certified Budget’s forecast by $391 million. The shortfall for 2010-2011 is even more severe, with revenues forecast to be $788 million less than anticipated in the Certified Budget.
On June 30, 2010, the General Assembly ratified, and the Governor signed into law, a bill adjusting the second year of the Certified Budget, making changes to the fiscal year 2010-2011 appropriations and revenues. The fiscal year 2010-2011 adjustment combines reductions in spending across a number of State departments and agencies with adjustments to revenue, in order to close the projected revenue gap and balance the budget, as required by the North Carolina Constitution.
Financial Report
On June 15, 2010, the Office of the State Controller released its General Fund Monthly Financial Report for the period ended May 31, 2010. The General Fund had a negative balance in unreserved funds of $18.4 million, compared to a negative balance of $344.8 million as of May 31, 2009. For May 2010, North Carolina’s tax revenues, net of refunds, increased by $115.9 million, or 11.6%, compared to May 2009. For the year to date through May 31, 2010, net tax revenues reflected an increase of $644.7 million, or 4.2%. For the year to date through May 31, 2010, investment earnings declined from the same time period in 2009 by $75.6 million, or 67%, due to lower rates of return on investment and lower cash availability for investment.
Litigation
The State is currently involved in certain litigation where adverse decisions could have a material impact on State finances. Included in this litigation are the following matters, although not exhaustive of all pending matters:
In Hoke County, et al, v. State of North Carolina and State Board of Education, students and the boards of education in five North Carolina counties sought a declaration that the public school system of North Carolina, by failing to provide adequate or substantially equal educational opportunities, by denying due process of law, and by violating various public education statutes, violates the North Carolina Constitution. After its motion to dismiss was denied, the State appealed, and the North Carolina Supreme Court held that North Carolina’s funding system for public education does not unlawfully discriminate against low wealth counties. However, the court held that the North Carolina Constitution guarantees every child the opportunity to obtain a sound basic education and remanded the case for trial. On October 26, 2000, the trial court held that at-risk children in North
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Carolina are constitutionally entitled to such pre-kindergarten educational programs as may be necessary to prepare them for higher levels of education and the “sound basic education” mandated by the North Carolina Supreme Court. On March 26, 2001, the trial court ordered all parties to determine why certain school systems were succeeding without additional funding. The court re-opened the trial, in the fall of 2001, to call additional
witnesses, resulting in the trial court directing the executive and legislative branches to take corrective action necessary to ensure that every child has the opportunity to obtain a sound, basic education. The North Carolina Supreme Court affirmed the trial court, with the exception of the requirement for pre-kindergarten educational programs. The State is currently taking steps to respond to the court’s directives. The amount of resources which may ultimately be required is not yet known but, according to the Office of the State Controller’s Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009, could exceed $100 million.
In N.C. School Boards Association, et al. v. Richard H. Moore, State Treasurer, et al., plaintiffs (including county school boards of Wake, Durham, Johnston, Buncombe, Edgecombe and Lenoir Counties) requested a declaration that certain payments to state administrative agencies are civil penalties which, under the North Carolina Constitution, must be paid to the schools. On December 14, 2001, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the plaintiffs, holding that the funds are civil fines or penalties required by the North Carolina Constitution to be paid to the public schools in the county where the violation occurred. The case was appealed, and the decision of the North Carolina Court of Appeals was substantially favorable to the State. The North Carolina Supreme Court reversed, holding that a majority of the funds in dispute are civil penalties required to be paid for the benefit of public schools. On August 8, 2008 the trial court entered judgment in favor of the plaintiffs for approximately $750 million. However, the court acknowledged that the judicial branch cannot force the State to satisfy the judgment and that any decision to do so must be made by the General Assembly.
North Carolina and seven other southeastern states are members of the Southeast Interstate Low-level Radioactive Waste Management Compact (the “Compact”) to plan and develop a site for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste generated in the member states. The responsibility for developing the first disposal site was assigned to North Carolina, which, according to certain members of the Compact and the commission which administers the Compact (the “Commission”), did not actively pursue the permitting and development of the proposed site. After North Carolina withdrew from the Compact in 1999, the other members of the Compact and the Commission demanded the repayment, with interest, of $80 million expended on the permitting, plus $10 million of future lost income, interest and attorneys’ fees. On August 5, 2002 the Commission and four member states filed a motion requesting the United States Supreme Court to hear the claim, which the Court accepted on June 16, 2003. North Carolina’s motion to dismiss was denied on November 17, 2003. The Court appointed a Special Master, which heard oral arguments on motions filed by both sides and issued his “Preliminary Report” and his “Second Report” on April 2, 2009. In his reports, the Special Master recommended, among other things, that the Court dismiss the claims seeking monetary sanctions and enter partial summary judgment finding that North Carolina did not breach the Compact by withdrawing. North Carolina and the plaintiffs filed a total of nine exceptions to the Special Master’s reports. The United States Supreme Court rejected all nine exceptions, adopting the recommendations of the Special Master, with the effect of terminating the plaintiffs’ statutory and contractual claims. However, in rejecting North Carolina’s exceptions to the Special Master’s report, the Court allowed further briefing and argument on the plaintiffs’ equitable claims (unjust enrichment, promissory estoppel, and money had and received).
In Goldston v. State of North Carolina, plaintiffs demanded the return to the Highway Trust Fund of funds transferred from the Highway Trust Fund to the General Fund to balance the state budget. The suit alleges that the transfer of funds constitutes a borrowing by the State and is unlawful and unconstitutional. The plaintiffs requested a declaration that taxes collected for the Highway Trust Fund cannot be used for other purposes. The trial court granted summary judgment for the State on all issues. On September 20, 2005, the North Carolina Court of Appeals upheld the trial court’s order. The North Carolina Supreme Court, in an opinion filed December 15, 2006, reversed the Court of Appeals, concluding that plaintiffs have standing to pursue their claims. The trial court, on March 7, 2008, again granted summary judgment in favor of the State, and again
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plaintiffs appealed. The North Carolina Court of Appeals, on September 15, 2009, held that, while the transfer by the General Assembly of $125 million from the Highway Trust Fund to the General Fund was permitted, the transfer of $80 million by the Governor exceeded his constitutional authority under the North Carolina Constitution. Both sides filed respective notices of appeal with the North Carolina Supreme Court. The plaintiffs’ notice of appeal was dismissed by the court on January 28, 2010. As of this writing, the court is yet to rule on the State’s notice of appeal.
On April 20, 2006, the State filed a motion for declaratory order against defendants Philip Morris, Inc., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, and Lorillard Tobacco Company, in State of North Carolina v. Philip Morris, USA Inc., et al. The motion sought a declaration, among other things, that in 2003, North Carolina continuously had a “Qualifying Statute” in full force and effect and “diligently enforced” its provisions throughout that year in accordance with the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (the “MSA”), the agreement by which the largest tobacco companies make payments to various states, including North Carolina, to compensate them for smoking-related illnesses amongst their citizens. If North Carolina were not to prevail in the diligent enforcement litigation, the State may be unable to recover a portion of that year’s MSA payment. On December 4, 2006, the trial court allowed the defendants’ motion to compel arbitration of these issues. The North Carolina Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court. On March 19, 2009, the State’s appeal to the North Carolina Supreme Court was denied. The State will therefore now be required to participate in a national arbitration process with the tobacco companies and 47 other MSA states and territories, the courts of which have considered similar litigation and concluded that the issues must be arbitrated.
The Adviser believes that the information summarized above describes the more significant matters relating to the North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. The sources of the information are the official statements of the Department of the State Treasurer of North Carolina, financial reports from the Office of the State Controller of North Carolina, other publicly available documents and oral statements from various State agencies and individuals. The Adviser has not independently verified any of the information contained in the official statements, other publicly available documents, or oral statements from various State agencies.
South Carolina
The South Carolina (State) Constitution mandates a balanced budget. If a deficit appears likely, the State Budget and Control Board, composed of the Governor, the State Treasurer, the State Comptroller General, the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, must take action to avoid a fiscal year-end deficit. If it is determined that a fiscal year has ended with an operating deficit, the State Constitution requires that monies appropriated from the Capital Reserve Fund must be reduced to the extent necessary and applied to the year end operating deficit before withdrawing monies from the General Reserve Fund for such purpose.
By statute, the State General Assembly has provided that if monies in the Capital Reserve Fund and General Reserve Fund are insufficient to balance the Budgetary General Fund, the State Budget and Control Board is authorized to borrow the amount needed to balance the Budgetary General Fund from any department of State government with a surplus to the credit of the State department on hand in the Office of the State Treasurer. Amounts borrowed must be repaid from the General Fund no later than June 30th of the following fiscal year.
The State Constitution limits annual increases in the State appropriations to the average growth rate of the economy of the State and annual increases in the number of State employees to the average growth rate of the population of the State; provided, however, that these two limitations are subject to suspension for any one fiscal year by a special vote in each House of the General Assembly.
The State Constitution requires a General Reserve Fund that equals three percent of General Fund revenue for the latest completed fiscal year. Funds may be withdrawn from the General Reserve Fund only for the purpose of covering operating deficits of State government. The State Constitution also requires a Capital Reserve Fund equal to two percent of General Fund revenue for the latest completed fiscal year.
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The State Constitution requires that the General Assembly provide that, if revenue forecasts before March 1 project that revenues for the current fiscal year will be less than expenditures authorized by appropriation for the current fiscal year, the current fiscal year’s appropriation to the Capital Reserve Fund shall first be reduced to the extent necessary before any reduction is made in operating appropriations.
After March 1, monies from the Capital Reserve Fund may be appropriated by a special vote of the General Assembly to finance previously authorized capital improvement bond projects, to retire principal or interest on bonds previously issued, and to pay for capital improvements or other nonrecurring purposes. Monies in the Capital Reserve Fund not appropriated or any appropriation for a particular project or item that has been reduced due to application of the monies to a year-end deficit must lapse and be credited to the General Fund.
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009
The original revenue estimate adopted by the Board of Economic Advisors for the State’s Budgetary General Fund for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009 was $7,246.4 million, and the appropriation act estimate as enacted by the General Assembly was $6,735.7 million. On July 21, 2008, the Board of Economic Advisors revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $7,106.4 million, a decrease of $140.0 million, and a 1.9% reduction to its original fiscal year 2008-09 estimate. In response, the State Budget and Control Board at its meeting on August 12, 2008 reduced the State’s Capital Reserve Fund of $133.2 million as required by the State Constitution and the State’s fiscal year 2008-09 Appropriation Act. Reduction of the Capital Reserve Fund reduces appropriations to the Capital Reserve Fund to the extent necessary to avoid mandatory reductions in operating appropriations. Additionally, the State Budget and Control Board mandated an across the board reduction of General Fund appropriations of 3% for all agencies except where prohibited by proviso and approved a 3% reduction of the Local Government Fund. Additionally, certain agency appropriations lapsed as a result of suspension of a provision that, in some years, has allowed agencies to carry forward to the next fiscal year up to 10% of their unexpended appropriations. This provision was automatically suspended for the fiscal year because of reduction of the Capital Reserve Fund. On October 8, 2008, the Board of Economic Advisors further revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $6,692.4 million, a decrease of $414 million, and a 7.6% reduction to its original fiscal year 2008-09 estimate.
On October 20, 2008, the South Carolina General Assembly reconvened to amend the general appropriations act for fiscal year 2008-09, enact targeted reductions in General Fund appropriations, suspend actions of the State Budget and Control Board described above that mandated the across board reduction of General Fund appropriations and the reduction to the Local Government Fund, and validate and confirm use of the Capital Reserve Fund to offset the revenue shortfall for fiscal year 2008-09. These amendments to the 2008-09 appropriations act totaled expenditure reductions of $621.1 million, consisting of $487.9 million in targeted reductions and the $133.2 million reduction of the Capital Reserve Fund described above. On November 7, 2008, the Board of Economic Advisors further revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $6,557.4 million, a decrease of $135.0 million, and a 9.5% reduction to its original fiscal year 2008-09 estimate. On December 10, 2008, the Board of Economic Advisors further revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $6,327.7 million, a decrease of $229.7 million, and a 12.7% reduction to its original fiscal year 2008-09 estimate. In response, the State Budget and Control Board at its meeting on December 11, 2008 mandated an across the board reduction of General Fund appropriations of 7% for all agencies except where prohibited by proviso and approved a 7% reduction of the Local Government Fund. On March 11, 2009, the Board of Economic Advisors further revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $6,263.3 million, a decrease of $64.4 million, and a 13.6% reduction to its original fiscal year 2008-09 estimate. In response, the State Budget and Control Board at its meeting on March 18, 2009 mandated an across the board reduction of General Fund appropriations of 2% for all agencies except where prohibited by proviso. On June 11, 2009, the Board of Economic Advisors further revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $6,171.3 million, a decrease of $92.0 million, and a 14.8% reduction to its original fiscal year 2008-2009 estimate.
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On August 14, 2009, the state’s Comptroller General reported that the state completed the 2008-09 fiscal year with a net budgetary general fund deficit of $339.5 million. Accordingly, $133.2 million of the 2008-09 Capital Reserve Fund and $108.1 million of the General Reserve Fund were applied to offset the budgetary deficit. Despite these offsets, the state completed the 2008-09 fiscal year with a $98.2 million net budgetary general fund deficit following application of reserves. In response, the State Budget and Control Board at its meeting on September 3, 2009, acting pursuant to the South Carolina Code of Laws, approved a borrowing in the amount of $98,216,617, the amount needed to balance the budgetary General Fund. The borrowing was effected from surplus funds that are held in the General Deposit Account within the custody of the State Treasurer, and must be repaid on or before June 30, 2011 from the fiscal year 2010-11 General Fund.
The General Reserve Fund balance at the beginning of fiscal year 2008-09 was $95.1 million and was increased during fiscal year 2008-09 by $13.0 million. Following a $108.1 million withdrawal at year-end 2009, net of an increase during fiscal year 2009-10 by $63.9 million, the reserve was funded at $63.9 million during fiscal year 2009-10. In accordance with the State Constitution, the General Reserve Fund must be restored within three years to its full-funding amount of 3% of the State’s Budgetary General Fund revenues for the latest completed fiscal year. The State’s audited Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for fiscal year ended June 30, 2009 can be found at http://www.cg.state.sc.us.
Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2010
The original revenue estimate adopted by the Board of Economic Advisors for the State’s budgetary General Fund for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010 was $6,070.6 million, and the appropriation act estimate as enacted by the General Assembly was $5,714.0 million. On June 11, 2009, the Board of Economic Advisors revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $5,950.6 million, a decrease of $120.0 million, and a 2.0% reduction to its original fiscal year 2009-10 estimate. In response, the State Budget and Control Board at its meeting on June 29, 2009 reduced the State’s Capital Reserve Fund of $120.0 million (effective July 1, 2009 with subsequent ratification at its next meeting) as required by the State Constitution and the State’s fiscal year 2009-10 Appropriation Act. On July 16, 2009, the Board of Economic Advisors further revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $5,742.3 million, a decrease of $208.3 million, and a 5.4% reduction to its original fiscal year 2009-10 estimate. In response, the State Budget and Control Board at its meeting on September 3, 2009 reduced the remaining balance in the Capital Reserve Fund of $7.8 million and mandated an across the board reduction of general fund appropriations of 4.04% for all agencies except where prohibited by proviso or statue. On November 10, 2009, the Board of Economic Advisors further revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $5,620.0 million, a decrease of $122.3 million, and a 7.4% reduction to its original fiscal year 2009-10 estimate. In response, the State Budget and Control Board at its meeting on
December 15, 2009 mandated an across the board reduction of General Fund appropriations of 5.0% for all agencies except where prohibited by proviso or statute. The action taken by the State Budget and Control Board on December 15, 2009 included consideration for the $122.3 million revenue revision adopted by the Board of Economic Advisors on November 10, 2009, and an additional $98.2 million necessary to avoid a year-end deficit in fiscal year 2009-10 that arose as a consequence of the previously described deficiency in the budgetary General Fund when closing the books on June 30, 2009. On April 14, 2010, the Board of Economic Advisors revised its estimate of budgetary General Fund revenue to $5,559.9 million, a decrease of $60.1 million, and a 8.4% reduction to its original fiscal year 2009-10 estimate.
Through June 30, 2010, total General Fund revenue collections year to date exceeded the fiscal year 2009-10 revised revenue plan adopted on April 14, 2010 by $134.7 million or 2.5%, and were under prior year collections for the same period by $337.1 million or 5.8%.
State’s Economy
The State’s economy was predominantly dependent on agriculture until well into the 20th century; thereafter, manufacturing became the leading contributor to the gross state product. Since the 1950’s, the State’s economy has undergone a gradual transition to other activities.
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Real Gross Domestic Product. At December 31, 2008, principal contributors to the State’s gross domestic product were the trade, transportation and utilities industries (20%), and manufacturing sectors (18%), followed by government (15%). During the years 2003-2008, the fastest growing contributors to the State’s gross domestic product were the information industry (8.3% average annual growth), followed by professional and business services (4.9%) and education and health services (3.9%). Manufacturing declined over the period by 2.6% in South Carolina, while growing slightly in both the southeast by 0.4% and the nation by 1.2%. The State’s total gross domestic product grew at an average annual growth rate of 1.0% (v. 2.0% for southeastern states, and 2.0% for the nation) from 2003-2008.
Employment. The State’s unemployment rate in June, 2010 was 10.7%, as compared to 9.2% for the southeastern states and 9.5% for the nation. Over the past several years, the State’s unemployment rates have trended higher than the unemployment rates of other southeastern states and the nation. Largest contributors to the state’s unemployment rate are declines in manufacturing jobs and growth in the labor force. While the State’s economy is generating jobs, not enough jobs have been created to address the expanding labor force. The State’s nonagricultural employment increased 4.9% from 2003-2008, to 1.89 million by December, 2008. Strongest job growth through the period 2003-2008 occurred in the government sector (38,700, 1.2%), followed by education and health services (30,400, 3.2%), professional and business services industry (22,900 jobs, 2.3% average annual growth), trade, transportation and utilities (18,000, 1.0%), leisure and hospitality (13,500, 1.4%), and financial activities (13,200, 2.7%). During the same period, the State’s manufacturing sector declined by 67,600 jobs (2.6%).
Per Capita Income. In 2008, the State’s per capita income increased to $31,854 or 2.4% year over year, compared to an increase of 2.3% for the southeast and 2.9% for the nation. The State’s per capita income was 80.2% of the national (compared to 80.5% in 2007) and 89.0% of the southeast (compared to 88.9% in 2007) per capita income.
Population. The State’s population estimate at December 31, 2008 was almost 4.5 million. The State’s rate of growth in population was 10th fastest in the United States in 2008.
Economic Development. For the calendar year 2008, the South Carolina Department of Commerce reported $4.170 billion in new capital investments that are expected to create about 18,993 new jobs. Over the past three years, 29 percent of those jobs were in the State’s rural areas. Additional details and other information regarding economic development efforts may be found at the South Carolina Department of Commerce website, located at http://www.sccommerce.com.
Litigation
There is presently no litigation challenging the validity of any general obligation debt issued or proposed to be issued by the State. The Attorney General of the State advises that, except as described immediately below, there is neither threatened nor, to his knowledge pending, any litigation which would have any material adverse effect upon the revenues of the State.
Anonymous Taxpayer vs. South Carolina Department of Revenue. A separate anonymous taxpayer protest seeks a refund of income taxes pursuant to the statute providing for tax credits related to Economic Impact Zones. The Department of Revenue denied the refund, and the matter came before an Administrative Law Court. The Administrative Law Court allowed a $2,112,640 refund for tax year 1995, but denied the $15,323,257 refund request for tax years 1997 and 1998. Both the taxpayer and DOR are seeking judicial review by the Circuit Court.
Abbeville County School District, et. al. v. State of South Carolina. This action was originally brought seeking declaratory and injunctive relief on behalf of certain school districts, taxpayers, and individuals alleging that the State’s method of funding primary and secondary public education violated several provisions of State and federal law. The lower court dismissed the complaint on all counts. The South Carolina Supreme Court
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affirmed the lower court’s dismissal of all but one of the counts, but reversed the lower court’s dismissal of a claim arising under the education clause of the South Carolina Constitution. Specifically, the South Carolina Supreme Court held that the South Carolina Constitution requires the State to provide the opportunity for each child within the State to receive a minimally adequate education. Finding that the complaint stated a claim under this provision, the South Carolina Supreme Court remanded the case for further proceedings. Following the remand, the plaintiffs requested leave to amend their complaint in this action to add a claim for damages for past actions or omissions of the State. The Court accepted the amended complaint. The suit also contains requests for declaratory and injunctive relief that could result in the State’s providing additional monies for public education and, possibly, for other purposes. On December 29, 2005, the Court issued an order concluding that the instructional facilities in the school districts are safe and adequate to provide the opportunity for a minimally adequate education; that the State’s curriculum standards at the minimum encompass the knowledge and skills necessary to satisfy the definition for a minimally adequate education; that the State’s system of teacher licensure is sufficient to ensure at least minimally competent teachers to provide instruction consistent with the curriculum standards; that inputs into the educational system, except for the funding of early childhood intervention programs, are sufficient to satisfy the constitutional requirement; that the constitutional requirement of adequate funding is not met by the State as a result of its failure to adequately fund early childhood intervention programs; and that the students in the school districts are denied the opportunity to receive minimally adequate education because of the lack of effective and adequately funded early childhood intervention programs designed to address the impact of poverty on their educational abilities and achievements. Motions for reconsideration were denied in June, 2007, and the parties have since appealed to the South Carolina Supreme Court. The Supreme Court heard the case on June 25, 2008, but has yet to render a decision. There is no official estimate of the fiscal impact of any remedial action that will be necessitated by the findings of the Court; however, the General Assembly made provision in the 2006-07 Appropriation Act for $23 million to be expended for the purpose of initially addressing the court’s findings, and further provided for establishment of a committee to study and determine steps necessary to address those findings in future years.
Dean v. South Carolina Department of Public Safety. This class action suit seeks back wages including overtime pay for all hours during which State troopers were on call and during which they were on special duty assignments. The suit seeks payment under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and the State Wage Payment Act. The court has ruled that this is an “opt in” class, so that it includes all troopers in the State except for the less than 200 who opted out. Questions to be resolved in the case include whether a two or three year statute of limitations applies and whether the period of recovery may be extended back to 1986, the year the FLSA became applicable to the states. The court has ruled that treble damages would not apply to the State, but it has not ruled on the statute of limitations issue. Extensive discovery is proceeding. Settlement discussions have been undertaken. Under the Plaintiffs’ theory of the case, in the event of a loss to the State, the amount could exceed $12 million. The State is vigorously defending this case, but cannot predict its outcome.
Ahrens et al. v. The South Carolina Retirement System and the State of South Carolina. This case is a class action case alleging that provisions in Act No. 153 of the Acts and Joint Resolutions of the General Assembly for the year 2005 (Act No. 153) requiring working retirees in the South Carolina Retirement System (SCRS) to make employee contributions are unconstitutional and illegal. A circuit court judge has certified the class in this case and issued an order on the merits granting the Plaintiffs relief based on the equitable theory of estoppel. The circuit court denied all other claims for relief made by the plaintiffs, including their contract causes of action. The Retirement Systems and the State of South Carolina have appealed the circuit court’s order and the matter is pending before the South Carolina Supreme Court. As of March 31, 2010, the Retirement Systems had collected approximately $44.5 million in the form of retirement contributions from members of the South Carolina Retirement System who retired prior to July 1, 2005, separated from employment and returned to work. If the Plaintiffs were to ultimately prevail, most, if not all of these contributions could be refunded to the
members and no future contributions could be collected from many, if not all, of the class members. The Retirement Systems and the State of South Carolina believe their appeal is meritorious and is vigorously contesting these claims and pursuing all appellate options.
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Arnold et al. v. the South Carolina Police Officers Retirement System, the South Carolina Retirement System and the State of South Carolina. This case is a class action case filed on August 9, 2005, alleging that provisions in Act No. 153 requiring working retirees in the Police Officers Retirement System (PORS) to make employee contributions are unconstitutional and illegal. A circuit court judge has certified the class in this case and issued an order on the merits in the matter granting the plaintiffs relief based on the equitable theory of estoppel. The circuit court denied all other claims for relief made by the plaintiffs, including their contract causes of action. The PORS and the State of South Carolina have appealed the circuit court’s order and the matter is pending before the South Carolina Supreme Court. As of March 31, 2010, the Retirement Systems had collected approximately $14.3 million in the form of retirement contributions from members of the Police Officers Retirement System who retired prior to July 1, 2005 and returned to work. If the Plaintiffs were to ultimately prevail, most, if not all, of these contributions could be refunded to the members and no future contributions could be collected from many, if not all, of the class members. The Police Officers Retirement System and the State of South Carolina believe their appeal is meritorious and is vigorously contesting contesting these claims and pursuing all appellate options.
Other Litigation. Certain other legal actions to which the State is a party are discussed in the Notes to the State’s audited financial statements available at www.cg.state.sc.us. Those discussions accurately portray the status and potential impact of such actions, based upon information currently available to the State.
Miscellaneous
South Carolina Lottery. In November, 2000, the State’s electorate approved an amendment to the State Constitution to permit the implementation of a lottery. The amendment was adopted by the South Carolina General Assembly during its 2001 legislative session, and the lottery became operational in January, 2002. As adopted, revised Article XVII, Section 7 of the State Constitution permits lotteries and requires lottery revenues to be applied first to pay all operating expenses and prizes, with the remainder credited to a separate Education Lottery Account in the State Treasury. All account proceeds, including earnings from the investments thereof, which are required to be credited to the Education Lottery Account, must be allocated by the General Assembly only for educational purposes.
The latest information available indicates a total of $270 million net of operating expenses has been transferred to the Education Lottery Account. Monies in the Education Lottery Account must be used to supplement and not supplant existing funds for education including pre-school, elementary, high school, technical and higher teaming programs, scholarships, tuition assistance, libraries, endowed chairs at various institutions of higher learning, and acquisition of school buses.
The Adviser believes that the information summarized above describes some of the more significant matters relating to the South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. The sources of the information are the official statements of issuers located in South Carolina, other publicly available documents, or oral statements from various State agencies. The Adviser has not independently verified any of the information contained in the official statements, other publicly available documents, or oral statements from various State agencies.
Virginia
Debt may be issued by or on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia (“Virginia” or the “Commonwealth”) in accordance with the provisions of Article X, Section 9 of the Virginia Constitution. Virginia counties, cities and towns may issue debt pursuant to the provisions of Article VII, Section 10 of the Virginia Constitution and the Public Finance Act of 1991 (Virginia Code Sections 15.2-2600 through 15.2-2663). Private activity bonds may be issued by various special purpose authorities, including industrial development authorities created pursuant to the Industrial Development and Revenue Bond Act (Virginia Code Sections 15.2-4900 through 15.2-4920).
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Section 9 of Article X of the Virginia Constitution provides for the issuance of (a) debt to which the Commonwealth’s full faith and credit is pledged (“general obligation debt”) and (b) debt of the Commonwealth not secured by the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth, but which may be supported by and paid from Commonwealth tax collections and other sources of revenue. The Commonwealth and its localities may also enter into leases and contracts that are not “debt” for constitutional purposes, even though they are classified as long-term indebtedness on the issuer’s financial statements. The repayment of such obligations is contingent upon the receipt of periodic appropriations of funds for debt service by the applicable governing body.
The Virginia Constitution authorizes general obligation debt for various purposes, and imposes certain restrictions on the amount of general obligation debt that may be issued by the Commonwealth and, in some cases, makes such debt subject to approval in a state-wide referendum election. The restrictions applicable to general obligation debt of the Commonwealth do not apply to obligations for which the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth is not pledged towards the payment of such indebtedness. Such bonds may be paid in whole or in part from revenues received as appropriations by the General Assembly from general tax and other state revenues or solely from revenues derived from revenue-producing undertakings.
The Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund invests in debt obligations issued by Virginia local governments in addition to indebtedness of the Commonwealth itself. Local government units in the Commonwealth are comprised of counties, incorporated cities, and incorporated towns. The Commonwealth is unique in that cities and counties are independent of each other and their land areas generally do not overlap for governmental jurisdiction purposes. Cities and counties each levy and collect their own taxes and provide their own services. Towns may also levy and collect taxes for town purposes but their residents remain subject to county taxes.
Local governments are authorized under the Virginia Constitution to issue general obligation debt and debt secured by revenues of a revenue-producing undertaking. Generally, debt issued by a county pledging the full faith and credit of the county is subject to voter approval in a referendum election. The aggregate amount of general obligation debt issued by a county is not otherwise limited as to amount. Debt pledging the full faith and credit of a town or city is generally subject to a state constitutional limit on the outstanding amount of such debt equal to 10 percent of the assessed valuation of the real estate subject to taxation in the city or town. Revenue bonds payable from revenues derived from a revenue-producing undertaking and certain lease or installment sale obligations that are subject to appropriation each year by the governing body of the locality are not generally subject to such limit or voter approval requirements.
The primary sources of money available to localities to pay debt service on general obligation bonds are real and personal property taxes, sales tax and business license taxes. Virginia Code Section 15.2-2659, known as the “state aid intercept provision” provides security for the repayment of general obligation indebtedness by a locality. That statute creates a mechanism by which the Commonwealth may withhold appropriated funds payable from the state to any locality for application toward any overdue debt service on general obligation bonds issued by such locality.
Numerous obligations are also issued by industrial development authorities, redevelopment and housing authorities, water and sewer authorities, community development authorities, utility service districts and other issuers created and empowered to issue bonds by Virginia statute. Such bonds are usually payable from the revenues derived from a particular undertaking and are not secured by a pledge of the faith and credit of the Commonwealth or any county, city or town. These issuers do not typically have taxing power.
The General Fund is the chief operating fund of Virginia. The General Fund of the Commonwealth derives its revenues primarily from five major taxes imposed by the Commonwealth. Such taxes are imposed in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements upon: (1) individual and fiduciary income; (2) corporation and other business income; (3) state sales and use transactions; (4) deeds, contracts, wills and lawsuits; and (5) premiums of insurance companies. Financial accounting (under generally accepted accounting principles, or
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GAAP) and budgetary accounting (on a cash basis) is maintained on a June 30 fiscal year basis by the Commonwealth and its cities, towns and counties. The most recent audited financial statements available for the Commonwealth are for the fiscal year that ended on June 30, 2009.
The General Fund balance decreased by $1.4 billion in fiscal year 2009, a 62.9 percent reduction from fiscal year 2008. Fiscal year 2009 state revenue collections, including taxes, were $14,876,226. However, overall tax revenues decreased by 8.9 percent from fiscal year 2008 to fiscal year 2009. Individual and fiduciary income tax revenues decreased by 6.3 percent and there was a 5.6 percent decline in state sales and use taxes, a 19.8 percent decrease in corporate income taxes, a 5.2 percent decline in Public Service Corporation taxes and a 27.9 percent decrease in other taxes including deeds, contracts, wills and lawsuits, alcoholic beverage sales, tobacco products, estate and other taxes. Overall revenue and non-tax revenues decreased by 9.0 percent and by 11.5 percent, respectively. Overall expenditures declined by 3.8 percent in fiscal year 2009, compared to a 6.6 percent increase in fiscal year 2008. Individual and family service expenditures decreased by $243.0 million, or 5.7 percent, and education expenditures increased by $223.2 million, or 2.9 percent. General government expenditures decreased $120.5 million or 6.7 percent.
General Fund revenues were less than expenditures and other uses by $1.4 billion in fiscal year 2009. The General Fund unreserved balance on a budgetary basis decreased by $930.9 million, or 85.3 percent, from fiscal year 2008 to fiscal year 2009 while reserved General Fund balances decreased by $465.4 million or 41.3 percent during the same period. Total revenues and total expenditures decreased by 9.0 percent and 3.8 percent, respectively. Transfers to the General Fund increased by 4.7 percent while transfers out decreased by 19.9 percent.
Of the $823.5 million General Fund balance at June 30, 2009, $575.1 million was reserved for the Revenue Stabilization Fund. During fiscal year 2009, a $490 million withdrawal was made from the Revenue Stabilization Fund. The Revenue Stabilization Fund is segregated from the General Fund and can only be used for constitutionally authorized purposes. Virginia law directs that the Revenue Stabilization Fund be included as a component of the General Fund only for financial reporting purposes.
Under the provisions of Article X, Section 8 of the Constitution of Virginia, and based on fiscal year 2009 revenue collections, no deposits are required during fiscal year 2011. Section 2.2-1829(b) of the Code of Virginia, requires that if certain revenue criteria are met, then an additional deposit to the Revenue Stabilization Fund equal to at least one-half the mandatory deposit must be included in the Governor’s budget. The Code further requires that any such additional deposits to the Revenue Stabilization Fund shall be included in the Governor’s budget recommendations only if the estimate of General Fund revenues for the fiscal year in which the deposit is to be made is at least 5 percent greater than the actual General Fund revenues for the immediately preceding fiscal year. These conditions were not met for fiscal year 2009. The Constitutional maximum for the Revenue Stabilization Fund remains at $1.4 billion for fiscal year 2010.
On May 17, 2010, Virginia’s biennial budget was approved by the governor and enacted as the 2010-12 Appropriations Act (“Budget Bill”). The Budget Bill became effective on July 1, 2010 and includes projected General Fund revenue of $15,383,733,704 for the fiscal year ending on June 30, 2011 with appropriations of $15,376,985,189 and projected General Fund revenues of $16,017,286,924 for the fiscal year ending on June 30, 2012 with appropriations of $16,021,156,894. The biennial budget included, among other things, a $50,000,000 deposit to the Revenue Stabilization Fund scheduled for the fiscal year ending on June 30, 2012.
Virginia’s 2011-2012 biennial budget (enacted in 2010) projected total General Fund revenue available for appropriation to equal $31,401,020,628 billion for fiscal years 2011 and 2012. Lower revenue collections previously resulted in adjustments and recalibrations to the fiscal year 2009 budget. However, Virginia’s Secretary of Finance released a statement on behalf of the Governor on July 14, 2010 which indicates that the Governor anticipates a revenue surplus at the end of the 2010 fiscal year on June 30 estimated to be at least $220 million, attributable primarily to individual and corporate and business tax receipts. The final figure for the
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surplus will be made official in August after final adjustments to the financial information are made. The Governor also noted that although this is a positive development, local government finances remain under stress.
Over $5 billion of federal stimulus funds has been allocated to Virginia under the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA). Legislation effective in April 2009 allowed appropriation and spending of ARRA funding by the Virginia General Assembly. The General Assembly has distributed allocations and appropriations across several fiscal years. Approximately 30 percent of the total available AARA funds were allocated to fiscal year 2009, with the remainder either being allocated specifically to fiscal year 2010 or remaining to be allocated to either fiscal year 2010 or 2011.
The Commonwealth’s 2009 estimated population of 7,882,590 was approximately 2.6 percent of the United States’ total. With 39,594 square miles of land area, its 2008 population density was estimated to be 196.22 persons per square mile, compared with 95.66 persons per square mile for the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2008, the Commonwealth had per capita personal income of $42,876, which was greater than the national average of $39,371, the eighth highest state average nationally and the highest of the Southeast region. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Virginia had a preliminary unemployment rate of 7.2 percent as of June 2009 compared to 9.5 percent nationally, making the Commonwealth the state with the ninth lowest unemployment rate in June 2009. Furthermore, Virginia had a preliminary seasonally adjusted unemployment rate of 7.0 percent as of June 2010 compared to 9.5 nationally.
As of June 30, 2010, Virginia’s bond rating is the best available from the leading ratings agencies at (Aaa/AAA/AAA from Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, and Fitch Ratings, respectively) for long-term general obligation bonds and has maintained its top rating for such bonds for a period of time believed to be longer than any other state.
The sources of the information described above include the statutes and constitutional provisions referenced, to which reference is made for more detailed information, and official statements of the Commonwealth and other publicly available documents. The Adviser has not independently verified any of the information contained in these official statements or documents.
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APPENDIX E — LEGACY COLUMBIA FUNDS
Legacy Columbia funds are funds that were branded Columbia or Columbia Acorn prior to Sept. 27, 2010.
ColumbiaSM Acorn® Fund | Columbia Large Cap Index Fund | |
ColumbiaSM Acorn International® | Columbia Large Cap Value Fund | |
ColumbiaSM Acorn International Select® | Columbia Liberty Fund | |
ColumbiaSM Acorn Select® | Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio | |
ColumbiaSM Acorn USA® | Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio | |
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund | Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio | |
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II | Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | |
Columbia Balanced Fund | Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund | |
Columbia Blended Equity Fund | Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund | |
Columbia Bond Fund | Columbia Marsico Global Fund | |
Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Marsico Growth Fund | |
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund | |
Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Conservative High Yield Fund | Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund | Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio | |
Columbia Convertible Securities Fund | Columbia Mid Cap Core Fund | |
Columbia Core Bond Fund | Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund | |
Columbia Corporate Income Fund (formerly known as Columbia Income Fund) | Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund | |
Columbia Disciplined Value Fund | Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund | |
Columbia Dividend Income Fund | Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund | |
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund | Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Energy and Natural Resources Fund | Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Federal Securities Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Global Value Fund | Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Greater China Fund | Columbia Overseas Value Fund | |
Columbia High Income Fund | Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund | |
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund | Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund | |
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund | Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund | Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund | |
Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Select Opportunities Fund | |
Columbia International Bond Fund | Columbia Select Small Cap Fund | |
Columbia International Growth Fund | Columbia Short Term Bond Fund | |
Columbia International Stock Fund | Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia International Value Fund | Columbia Short-Intermediate Bond Fund | |
Columbia Large Cap Core Fund | Columbia Small Cap Core Fund | |
Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund | Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I | |
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund | Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II |
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Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | Columbia Technology Fund | |
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I | Columbia Thermostat Fund® | |
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II | Columbia Total Return Bond Fund | |
Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund | |
Columbia Strategic Income Fund | Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund | |
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund | Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia World Equity Fund |
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APPENDIX F — LEGACY RIVERSOURCE FUNDS
Legacy RiverSource funds include RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds, funds renamed effective Sept. 27, 2010 to bear the Columbia brand, and certain other funds. Prior fund names are noted in parenthesis.
Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund)
Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund)
Columbia AMT-Free Tax-Exempt Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Tax-Exempt Bond Fund)
Columbia Asia Pacific ex-Japan Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle Asia Pacific Fund)
Columbia Diversified Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Diversified Bond Fund)
Columbia Diversified Equity Income Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Diversified Equity Income Fund)
Columbia Dividend Opportunity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Dividend Opportunity Fund)
Columbia Emerging Markets Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Emerging Markets Bond Fund)
Columbia Emerging Markets Opportunity Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle Emerging Markets Fund)
Columbia Equity Value Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Equity Value Fund)
Columbia European Equity Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle European Equity Fund)
Columbia Floating Rate Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Floating Rate Fund)
Columbia Frontier Fund, Inc. (formerly known as Seligman Frontier Fund, Inc.)
Columbia Global Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Global Bond Fund)
Columbia Global Equity Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle Global Equity Fund)
Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund (RiverSource Global Extended Alpha Fund)
Columbia Government Money Market Fund, Inc. (formerly known as RiverSource Government Money Market Fund, Inc.)
Columbia High Yield Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource High Yield Bond Fund)
Columbia Income Builder Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Income Builder Basic Income Fund)
Columbia Income Builder Fund II (formerly known as RiverSource Income Builder Moderate Income Fund)
Columbia Income Builder Fund III (formerly known as RiverSource Income Builder Enhanced Income Fund)
Columbia Income Opportunities Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Income Opportunities Fund)
Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Inflation Protected Securities Fund)
Columbia Large Core Quantitative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Disciplined Equity Fund)
Columbia Large Growth Quantitative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Disciplined Large Cap Growth Fund)
Columbia Large Value Quantitative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Disciplined Large Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Limited Duration Credit Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Limited Duration Bond Fund)
Columbia Marsico Flexible Capital Fund
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Opportunity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Mid Cap Growth Fund)
Columbia Mid Cap Value Opportunity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Mid Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Minnesota Tax-Exempt Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Minnesota Tax-Exempt Fund)
Columbia Money Market Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Cash Management Fund)
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Value Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Partners International Select Value Fund)
Columbia Multi-Advisor Small Cap Value Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Partners Small Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Aggressive Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Aggressive Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Conservative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Conservative Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Aggressive Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Moderate Aggressive Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Conservative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Moderate Conservative Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Moderate Fund)
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Columbia Portfolio Builder Total Equity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Total Equity Fund)
Columbia Recovery and Infrastructure Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Recovery and Infrastructure Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2010 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2010 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2015 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2015 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2020 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2020 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2025 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2025 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2030 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2030 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2035 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2035 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2040 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2040 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2045 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2045 Fund)
Columbia Select Large-Cap Value Fund (formerly known as Seligman Large-Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Select Smaller-Cap Value Fund (formerly known as Seligman Smaller-Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Seligman Communications and Information Fund, Inc. (formerly known as Seligman Communications and Information Fund, Inc.)
Columbia Seligman Global Technology Fund (formerly known as Seligman Global Technology Fund)
Columbia Short-Term Cash Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Short-Term Cash Fund)
Columbia Strategic Allocation Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Strategic Allocation Fund)
Columbia U.S. Government Mortgage Fund (formerly known as RiverSource U.S. Government Mortgage Fund)
RiverSource Balanced Fund
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource Disciplined International Equity Fund
RiverSource Disciplined Small and Mid Cap Equity Fund
RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund
RiverSource Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource LaSalle Global Real Estate Fund
RiverSource LaSalle Monthly Dividend Real Estate Fund
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource Partners Fundamental Value Fund
RiverSource Partners International Select Growth Fund
RiverSource Partners International Small Cap Fund
RiverSource Precious Metals and Mining Fund
RiverSource Real Estate Fund
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund
RiverSource Short Duration U.S. Government Fund
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund
Seligman California Municipal High Yield Series
Seligman California Municipal Quality Series
Seligman Capital Fund, Inc.
Seligman Growth Fund, Inc.
Seligman Minnesota Municipal Class
Seligman National Municipal Class
Seligman New York Municipal Class
Seligman TargETFund 2015
Seligman TargETFund 2025
Seligman TargETFund 2035
Seligman TargETFund 2045
Seligman TargETFund Core
Threadneedle Global Equity Income Fund
Threadneedle International Opportunity Fund
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Appendix B - Statement of Additional Information of Columbia Strategic Income Fund and Columbia Balanced Fund
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Columbia Management®
COLUMBIA FUNDS SERIES TRUST I
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
November 1, 2010 |
Fund | ||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund | ||||||
Class A: CBLAX | Class B: CBLBX | Class C: CBLCX | Class R: CBLRX | |||
Class R4*: — | Class R5*: — | Class Z: CBALX | ||||
Columbia Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: CNDAX | Class B*: — | Class C: CNDCX | Class I: — | |||
Class T*: — | Class W: CBDWX | Class Y: CBFYX | Class Z: UMMGX | |||
Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||
Class A: COCTX | Class B: CCTBX | Class C: CCTCX | ||||
Class Z: CCTZX | ||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund | ||||||
Class A: LCCAX | Class B: LCCBX | Class C: LCCCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CCCRX | Class R4*: — | Class T: SGIEX | Class W: CTRWX | |||
Class Z: SMGIX | ||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund | ||||||
Class A: LIIAX | Class B: CIOBX | Class C: CIOCX | Class I: — | |||
Class W: CPIWX | Class Z: SRINX | |||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund | ||||||
Class A: LBSAX | Class B: LBSBX | Class C: LBSCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CDIRX | Class T: GEQAX | Class W: CDVWX | Class Z: GSFTX | |||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||
Class A: EEMAX | Class C: EEMCX | Class I: — | Class R: CEMRX | |||
Class W: CEMWX | Class Z: UMEMX | |||||
Columbia Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ||||||
Class A: EENAX | Class B*: — | Class C: EENCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CETRX | Class R4*: — | Class Z: UMESX | ||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund | ||||||
Class A: LHIAX | Class B: CHMBX | Class C: CHMCX | Class Z: SRHMX | |||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund | ||||||
Class A: COLHX | Class B: COHBX | Class C: CHYCX | Class Z: LHYZX | |||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: LIBAX | Class B: LIBBX | Class C: LIBCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CIBRX | Class W: CIBWX | Class Z: SRBFX | ||||
Columbia International Bond Fund | ||||||
Class A: CNBAX | Class C: CNBCX | Class I: — | Class Z: CNBZX | |||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||
Class A: LEGAX | Class B: LEGBX | Class C: LEGCX | Class E: CLGEX | |||
Class F: CLGFX | Class I: — | Class R: CGWRX | Class R4*: — | |||
Class R5*: — | Class T: GAEGX | Class W: CLGWX | Class Y: CGFYX | |||
Class Z: GEGTX | ||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund | ||||||
Class A: CBSAX | Class B: CBSBX | Class C: CMCCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CMGRX | Class R5*: — | Class T: CBSTX | Class W: CMRWX | |||
Class Y: CMGYX | Class Z: CLSPX | |||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund | ||||||
Class A: CASAX | Class C: CASCX | Class I: — | Class Z: USPAX |
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Fund | ||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund | ||||||
Class A: CREAX | Class B: CREBX | Class C: CRECX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CRSRX | Class R4*: — | Class R5*: — | Class W: CREWX | |||
Class Z: CREEX | ||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||
Class A: ELGAX | Class C: ELGCX | Class I: — | Class R: URLGX | |||
Class W: CSLWX | Class Z: UMLGX | |||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund | ||||||
Class A: LSMAX | Class B: LSMBX | Class C: LSMCX | Class I: — | |||
Class W: CSCWX | Class T: SSCEX | Class Z: SMCEX | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I | ||||||
Class A: CGOAX | Class B: CGOBX | Class C: CGOCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CCRIX | Class Y CSGYX | Class Z: CMSCX | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I | ||||||
Class A: CSMIX | Class B: CSSBX | Class C: CSSCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CSVRX | Class Y CSVYX | Class Z CSCZX | ||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund | ||||||
Class A: COSIX | Class B: CLSBX | Class C: CLSCX | Class R: CSNRX | |||
Class R4*: — | Class R5*: — | Class W: CTTWX | Class Z: LSIZX | |||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund | ||||||
Class A: CSVAX | Class B: CSVBX | Class C: CSRCX | Class I: — | |||
Class R: CSGRX | Class W: CTVWX | Class Y CLSYX | Class Z: CSVFX | |||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund | ||||||
Class A: LUTAX | Class B: LUTBX | Class C: LUTCX | Class I: — | |||
Class Z: IUTIX | ||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund | ||||||
Class A: EVRAX | Class C: EVRCX | Class I: — | Class R: URBIX | |||
Class W: CVRWX | Class Z: UMBIX |
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus, is not a substitute for reading any prospectus and is intended to be read in conjunction with a Fund’s current prospectus. Share classes marked with an “*” have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI. The most recent annual report for each Fund, which includes the Fund’s audited financial statements for its most recent fiscal period, are incorporated by reference into this SAI.
Copies of the Funds’ current prospectuses and annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained without charge by writing Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, by calling Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or by visiting the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiamanagement.com.
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The SAI is a part of the Funds’ registration statement that is filed with the SEC. The registration statement includes the Funds’ prospectuses, the SAI and certain exhibits. The SAI, and any supplements to it, can be found online at www.columbiamanagement.com, or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The SAI generally provides additional information about the Funds that is not required to be in the Funds’ prospectuses. The SAI expands discussions of certain matters described in the Funds’ prospectuses and provides certain additional information about the Funds that may be of interest to some investors. Among other things, the SAI provides information about:
• | the organization of the Trust; |
• | the Funds’ investments; |
• | the Funds’ investment adviser, investment subadviser(s) (if any) and other service providers, including roles and relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and conflicts of interest; |
• | the governance of the Funds; |
• | the Funds’ brokerage practices; |
• | the share classes offered by the Funds; |
• | the purchase, redemption and pricing of Fund shares; and |
• | the application of U.S. federal income tax laws. |
Investors may find this information important and helpful. If you have any questions about the Funds, please call Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or contact your financial advisor.
Before reading the SAI, you should consult the Glossary below, which defines certain of the terms used in the SAI.
Glossary
1933 Act | Securities Act of 1933, as amended | |
1934 Act | Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended | |
1940 Act | Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended | |
Administrative Services Agreement | The administrative services agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Administrator | |
Administrator | Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC | |
Adviser | Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC | |
Ameriprise Financial | Ameriprise Financial, Inc. | |
Balanced Fund | Columbia Balanced Fund | |
BANA | Bank of America, National Association | |
Bank of America | Bank of America Corporation | |
BFDS/DST | Boston Financial Data Services, Inc./DST Systems, Inc. | |
Board | The Trust’s Board of Trustees |
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Bond Fund | Columbia Bond Fund | |
Brandes | Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. | |
CMOs | Collateralized mortgage obligations | |
Code | Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
Codes of Ethics | The codes of ethics adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act | |
Columbia Funds Complex | The mutual fund complex that is comprised of the open-end investment management companies advised by the Adviser or its affiliates and principally underwritten by Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc., including funds using the RiverSource, Threadneedle and Seligman brands and funds using the Columbia brand | |
Columbia Funds or Columbia Funds Family | The funds within the Columbia Funds Complex using the Columbia brand | |
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Contrarian Core Fund | Columbia Contrarian Core Fund | |
Corporate Income Fund | Columbia Corporate Income Fund | |
Custodian or State Street | State Street Bank and Trust Company | |
Distribution Agreement | The distribution agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Distributor | |
Distribution Plan(s) | One or more of the plans adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the distribution of the Funds’ shares | |
Distributor | Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. | |
Dividend Income Fund | Columbia Dividend Income Fund | |
Emerging Markets Fund | Columbia Emerging Markets Fund | |
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | Columbia Energy and Natural Resources Fund | |
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | |
FHLMC | The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | |
Fitch | Fitch, Inc. | |
FNMA | Federal National Mortgage Association | |
The Fund(s) or a Fund | One or more of the open-end management investment companies listed on the front cover of this SAI that are series of the Trust. | |
GNMA | Government National Mortgage Association | |
High Yield Municipal Fund | Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund | |
High Yield Opportunity Fund | Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund | |
Independent Trustees | The Trustees of the Board who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds | |
Interested Trustee | A Trustee of the Board who is currently treated as an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds |
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Intermediate Bond Fund | Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund | |
International Bond Fund | Columbia International Bond Fund | |
Investment Management Services Agreement | The investment management services agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Adviser | |
IRS | United States Internal Revenue Service | |
Large Cap Growth Fund | Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund | |
LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate | |
Marsico | Marsico Capital Management, LLC | |
Mid Cap Growth Fund | Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund | |
Moody’s | Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. | |
NASDAQ | National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations system | |
NRSRO | Nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (such as Moody’s, Fitch or S&P) | |
NSCC | National Securities Clearing Corporation | |
NYSE | New York Stock Exchange | |
Pacific/Asia Fund | Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund | |
Previous Administrator | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
Previous Adviser | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
Previous Distributor | Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. | |
Previous Transfer Agent | Columbia Management Services, Inc. | |
Real Estate Equity Fund | Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund | |
REIT | Real estate investment trust | |
REMIC | Real estate mortgage investment conduit | |
RIC | A “regulated investment company,” as such term is used in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
S&P | Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“Standard & Poor’s” and “S&P” are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and have been licensed for use by the Adviser. The Columbia Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Standard & Poor’s and Standard & Poor’s makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Columbia Funds). | |
SAI | This Statement of Additional Information | |
SEC | United States Securities and Exchange Commission | |
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund | |
Selling Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a sales support agreement with the Distributor | |
Servicing Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a shareholder servicing agreement with the Distributor |
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Small Cap Core Fund | Columbia Small Cap Core Fund | |
Small Cap Growth Fund I | Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I | |
Small Cap Value Fund I | Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I | |
Strategic Income Fund | Columbia Strategic Income Fund | |
Strategic Investor Fund | Columbia Strategic Investor Fund | |
Transfer Agency Agreement | The transfer agency agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. | |
Transfer Agent | Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. | |
The Trust | Columbia Funds Series Trust I, the registered investment company in the Columbia Funds Family to which this SAI relates | |
Trustee(s) | One or more of the Board’s Trustees | |
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund | |
Value and Restructuring Fund | Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund |
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The Trust is a registered investment company under the 1940 Act within the Columbia Funds Family. Columbia Funds currently include more than 100 mutual funds in major asset classes.
The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust in 1987. On September 23, 2005, the Trust changed its name from Columbia Funds Trust IX to its current name. On October 13, 2003, the Trust changed its name from Liberty-Stein Roe Funds Municipal Trust to Columbia Funds Trust IX.
Funds and portfolios that bore the “Columbia” and “Columbia Acorn” brands prior to September 27, 2010 are collectively referred to herein as the Legacy Columbia funds. For a list of Legacy Columbia funds, see Appendix E. Funds and portfolios that historically bore the RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle brands, including those renamed to bear the “Columbia” brand effective September 27, 2010, as well as certain other funds are collectively referred to as the Legacy RiverSource funds. For a list of Legacy RiverSource funds, see Appendix F.
Funds with fiscal years ending March 31
Bond Fund, Emerging Markets Fund, Energy and Natural Resources Fund, Pacific/Asia Fund, Select Large Cap Growth Fund, and Value and Restructuring Fund
Each of Bond Fund, Emerging Markets Fund, Energy and Natural Resources Fund, Pacific/Asia Fund, Select Large Cap Growth Fund, and Value and Restructuring Fund represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end management investment company. Each of the Funds is a diversified fund, except Energy and Natural Resources Fund, which is a non-diversified Fund. Each of the Funds has a fiscal year end of March 31st.
On March 31, 2008, each of Bond Fund, Emerging Markets Fund, Energy and Natural Resources Fund, Pacific/Asia Fund, Select Large Cap Growth Fund, and Value and Restructuring Fund, together with the Columbia Blended Equity Fund, Columbia International Growth Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Core Fund, Columbia Select Opportunities Fund, Columbia Select Small Cap Fund, and Columbia Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, acquired all assets and assumed all liabilities of, respectively, the following funds, each of which is a series of Excelsior Funds Trust or Excelsior Funds, Inc., as applicable: Blended Equity Fund, Core Bond Fund, Emerging Markets Fund, Energy and Natural Resources Fund, International Fund, Mid Cap Core Fund, Pacific/Asia Fund, Large Cap Growth Fund, Equity Opportunities Fund, Small Cap Fund, Intermediate-Term Bond Fund and Value and Restructuring Fund (the Predecessor Funds), each a series of Excelsior Funds Trust or Excelsior Funds, Inc., as applicable. For periods prior to March 31, 2008, the performance and financial information shown for each Fund is the performance and financial information of the corresponding Predecessor Fund. The Funds commenced operations on March 31, 2008.
Bond Fund offers eight classes of shares; Emerging Markets Fund, Select Large Cap Growth Fund and Value and Restructuring Fund offer six classes of shares; Energy and Natural Resources Fund offers seven classes of shares; and Pacific/Asia Fund offers four classes of shares, each as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities.
Corporate Income Fund and Intermediate Bond Fund
Each of Corporate Income Fund and Intermediate Bond Fund represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end diversified management investment company. Each of the Funds has a fiscal year end of March 31st. Prior to March 27, 2006, each Fund was organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust VIII, a Massachusetts business trust. The information provided for each Fund in this SAI for periods prior to March 27, 2006 relates to such predecessor fund. Corporate Income Fund commenced investment operations on March 5, 1986. Intermediate Bond Fund commenced investment operations on December 5, 1978.
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Intermediate Bond Fund offers seven classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities. Prior to July 31, 2000, the Fund had a single class of shares. On July 14, 2000, the outstanding shares of the Fund were converted into Class S shares, and on July 31, 2000, the Fund commenced offering Class A shares. On February 1, 2002, the Fund commenced offering Class B and C shares. On July 29, 2002, the Fund’s Class S shares were redesignated as Class Z shares. On January 23, 2006, the Fund commenced offering Class R shares. Prior to September 12, 2002, the Fund invested all of its assets in the SR&F Intermediate Bond Portfolio as part of a master fund/feeder fund structure. Effective October 13, 2003, the Fund changed its name from Liberty Intermediate Bond Fund to its current name. Effective February 1, 2002, the Fund changed its name from Stein Roe Intermediate Bond Fund to Liberty Intermediate Bond Fund.
Corporate Income Fund offers six classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities. Prior to August 1, 2000, the Fund had a single class of shares. On that date, the outstanding shares of the Fund were converted into Class S shares, and the Fund commenced offering Class A shares. On July 15, 2002, the Fund added Class B and C shares, redesignated its Class S shares as Class Z shares, and changed its name from Stein Roe Income Fund to Liberty Income Fund. Prior to July 15, 2002, the Fund invested all of its assets in the SR&F Income Portfolio as part of a master fund/feeder fund structure. On October 13, 2003, the Fund changed its name from Liberty Income Fund to Income Fund. Effective September 27, 2010, the Fund changed its name from Income Fund to its current name.
U.S. Treasury Index Fund
U.S. Treasury Index Fund represents a series of the Trust and is an open-end diversified management investment company. U.S. Treasury Index Fund has a fiscal year end of March 31st. Prior to March 27, 2006, the Fund was organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust V, a Massachusetts business trust. The information provided for U.S. Treasury Index Fund in this SAI for periods prior to March 27, 2006 relates to such predecessor fund. The predecessor fund commenced investment operations on June 4, 1991. The predecessor fund was the successor by reorganization to the Galaxy II U.S. Treasury Fund, a series of The Galaxy Fund II, a Massachusetts business trust organized on February 22, 1990. Class Z shares of the predecessor fund were issued in exchange for existing shares of the Galaxy II U.S. Treasury Fund. The reorganization occurred on November 25, 2002. All references to U.S. Treasury Index Fund prior to November 25, 2002 shall be deemed to refer to the Galaxy II U.S. Treasury Fund.
U.S. Treasury Index Fund offers five classes of shares, as described in “Capital Stock and Other Securities.” Effective October 13, 2003, U.S. Treasury Index Fund changed its name from Liberty U.S. Treasury Index Fund to its current name.
Funds with fiscal years ending May 31
High Yield Opportunity Fund, International Bond Fund and Strategic Income Fund
Each of High Yield Opportunity Fund, International Bond Fund and Strategic Income Fund represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end diversified management investment company, except for International Bond Fund, which is an open-end non-diversified management investment company. Each of the Funds has a fiscal year end of May 31st.
Prior to March 27, 2006 and September 26, 2005, respectively, High Yield Opportunity Fund and Strategic Income Fund were organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust I, a Massachusetts business trust. The information provided for High Yield Opportunity Fund and Strategic Income Fund in this SAI for periods prior to March 27, 2006 and September 26, 2005, respectively, relates to the corresponding series of such predecessor trust.
High Yield Opportunity Fund offers four classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities. On October 21, 1971, High Yield Opportunity Fund commenced offering Class A shares. On June 8, 1992, High Yield Opportunity Fund commenced offering Class B shares. On January 15, 1996, High Yield
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Opportunity Fund commenced offering Class C shares. On January 8, 1999, High Yield Opportunity Fund commenced offering Class Z shares. Effective October 13, 2003, High Yield Opportunity Fund changed its name from Liberty High Yield Securities Fund to its current name. Effective July 14, 2000, High Yield Opportunity Fund changed its name from Colonial High Yield Securities Fund to Liberty High Yield Securities Fund.
International Bond Fund offers four classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities. On December 1, 2008, International Bond Fund commenced offering Class A, C and Z shares.
Strategic Income Fund offers eight classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities. On April 22, 1977, Strategic Income Fund commenced offering Class A shares. On May 15, 1992, Strategic Income Fund commenced offering Class B shares. On July 1, 1997, Strategic Income Fund commenced offering Class C shares. On November 2, 1998, Strategic Income Fund commenced offering Class J shares. On June 12, 2009, Strategic Income Fund stopped accepting Class J share purchases. On July 27, 2009, Strategic Income Fund liquidated and terminated Class J shares. On January 29, 1999, Strategic Income Fund commenced offering Class Z shares.
Funds with fiscal years ending June 30
High Yield Municipal Fund and Small Cap Value Fund I
Each of High Yield Municipal Fund and Small Cap Value Fund I represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end diversified management investment company. Each of such Funds has a fiscal year end of June 30th.
High Yield Municipal Fund commenced investment operations on March 5, 1984. The Fund offers four classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities. Prior to August 1, 2000, the Fund had a single class of shares. On that date, the outstanding shares of the Fund were converted into Class S shares, and the Fund commenced offering Class A shares. On July 15, 2002, the Fund added Class B and Class C shares and redesignated Class S shares as Class Z shares. Also on July 15, 2002, the Fund changed its name from “Stein Roe High-Yield Municipals Fund” to “Liberty High Yield Municipal Fund” and the Fund’s Class A shares changed their name from “Liberty High Income Municipals Fund, Class A,” to Class A shares. The Fund invested all of its assets in SR&F High Yield Municipals Portfolio as part of a master fund/feeder fund structure through July 15, 2002. The Fund changed its name from “Liberty High Yield Municipal Fund” to its current name effective October 13, 2003.
Small Cap Value Fund I commenced operations on July 25, 1986. Small Cap Value Fund I was organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust VI, a Massachusetts business trust, prior to its reorganization as a series of the Trust on March 27, 2006. The information provided for Small Cap Value Fund I in this SAI for periods prior to March 27, 2006 relates to Columbia Funds Trust VI.
Small Cap Value Fund I offers seven classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities. The Fund changed its name from “Colonial Small Stock Fund” to “Colonial Small-Cap Value Fund” on February 28, 1997, and from “Colonial Small-Cap Value Fund” to “Liberty Small-Cap Value Fund” on July 14, 2000. The Fund changed its name from “Liberty Small-Cap Value Fund” to “Columbia Small Cap Value Fund” on October 13, 2003. The Fund changed its name from “Columbia Small Cap Value Fund” to its current name effective October 10, 2005.
Funds with fiscal years ending August 31
Balanced Fund, Mid Cap Growth Fund, Small Cap Growth Fund I, and Strategic Investor Fund
Each of Balanced Fund, Mid Cap Growth Fund, Small Cap Growth Fund I and Strategic Investor Fund is a diversified series of the Trust and has a fiscal year end of August 31st.
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Prior to March 27, 2006, each Fund was organized as an Oregon corporation. The information provided for these Funds in this SAI for periods prior to March 27, 2006 relates to the predecessor Oregon corporation funds.
Balanced Fund and Small Cap Growth Fund I offer seven classes of shares, Mid Cap Growth Fund offers ten classes of shares and Strategic Investor Fund offers eight classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities.
Funds with fiscal years ending September 30
Contrarian Core Fund, Dividend Income Fund, Large Cap Growth Fund, and Small Cap Core Fund
Each of Contrarian Core Fund, Dividend Income Fund, Large Cap Growth Fund, and Small Cap Core Fund represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end diversified management investment company. Each of such Funds has a fiscal year end of September 30th.
Large Cap Growth Fund commenced operations on December 14, 1990; commenced operations on September 1, 1988; and Dividend Income Fund commenced operations on March 4, 1998. Contrarian Core Fund and Small Cap Core Fund commenced operations on December 14, 1992, as separate portfolios (collectively, the Predecessor Shawmut Funds) of The Shawmut Funds. On December 4, 1995, the Predecessor Shawmut Funds were reorganized as new portfolios of the Galaxy Fund. Prior to the reorganization, the Predecessor Shawmut Funds offered and sold shares of beneficial interest that were similar to the Galaxy Fund’s Trust Shares and Retail A Shares. Contrarian Core Fund changed its name from Columbia Common Stock Fund to its current name on November 14, 2008.
Each Fund is the successor to a separate series of the Galaxy Fund, a Massachusetts business trust organized on March 31, 1986. On November 18, 2002, November 25, 2002 and December 9, 2002, the series of the Galaxy Fund to which the Funds succeeded were reorganized as separate series of the Liberty-Stein Roe Investment Trust. Class A shares of the Funds were issued in exchange for Prime A Shares of the predecessor series of the Galaxy Fund, Class B shares of the Funds were issued in exchange for Prime B Shares of the predecessor series of the Galaxy Fund, Class T shares of the Funds were issued in exchange for Retail A Shares of the predecessor series of the Galaxy Fund, Class G shares of the Funds were issued in exchange for Retail B Shares of the predecessor series of the Galaxy Fund and Class Z shares of the Funds were issued in exchange for Trust Shares of the predecessor series of the Galaxy Fund. (Prime A and Prime B Shares, Retail A and Retail B Shares and Trust Shares together are referred to herein as the Predecessor Classes). On August 8, 2007, Class G shares of the Funds were converted to Class T shares. Information provided with respect to each Fund for periods prior to such Fund’s inception relates to the predecessor series of the Galaxy Fund. Further, information provided with respect to each class of each Fund prior to such Fund’s inception relates to the Predecessor Classes of such class.
Contrarian Core Fund offers nine classes of shares; Dividend Income Fund offers eight classes of shares; Large Cap Growth Fund offers thirteen classes of shares; and Small Cap Core Fund offers seven classes of shares, each as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities.
Fund with fiscal year ending October 31
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end management investment company. Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund is a “diversified” fund and has a fiscal year end of October 31st.
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund was originally organized as a series of another Massachusetts business trust prior to its reorganization as a series of the Trust. Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund was reorganized as a series of the Trust on March 27, 2006 (the Tax-Exempt Fund Reorganization Date). Prior to March 27, 2006, Connecticut
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Tax-Exempt Fund was organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust V. Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund commenced investment operations on November 1, 1991. The information provided for Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund in this SAI for periods prior to the Tax-Exempt Fund Reorganization Date relates to the predecessor funds of the same names. The trust of which Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund was previously a series changed its name from Liberty Funds Trust V to Columbia Funds Trust V on October 13, 2003.
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund offers four classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities.
Fund with fiscal year ending December 31
Real Estate Equity Fund
Real Estate Equity Fund represents a series of the Trust and is an open-end non-diversified management investment company. In 2009, Real Estate Equity Fund changed its fiscal year end from August 31 to December 31.
Prior to March 27, 2006, Real Estate Equity Fund was organized as an Oregon corporation. The information provided for the Fund in this SAI for periods prior to March 27, 2006 relates to the predecessor Oregon corporation.
Real Estate Equity Fund offers nine classes of shares, as described in Capital Stock and Other Securities.
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The investment objectives, principal investment strategies (i.e., as used in this SAI and the corresponding prospectuses, a strategy which generally involves the ability to invest 10% or more of a Fund’s total assets) and related principal risks for each Fund are discussed in each Fund’s prospectuses.
Certain Investment Activity Limits
The overall investment and other activities of the Adviser and its affiliates may limit the investment opportunities for each Fund in certain markets where limitations are imposed by regulators upon the amount of investment by affiliated investors, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. From time to time, each Fund’s activities also may be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to the Adviser and its affiliates and/or because of their internal policies. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
The following discussion of “fundamental” and “non-fundamental” investment policies and limitations for each Fund supplements the discussion of investment policies in the Funds’ prospectuses. A fundamental policy may be changed only with Board and shareholder approval. A non-fundamental policy may be changed by the Board and does not require shareholder approval, but may require notice to shareholders in certain instances.
Unless otherwise noted, whenever an investment policy or limitation states a maximum percentage of a Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding an investment standard, compliance with such percentage limitation or standard will be determined solely at the time of the Fund’s acquisition of such security or asset. Borrowings and other instruments that may give rise to leverage and the restriction on investing in illiquid securities are monitored on an ongoing basis.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The 1940 Act provides that a “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund, or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. The following fundamental investment policies cannot be changed without such a vote.
Each Fund may not, as a matter of fundamental policy:
1. | Underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the 1933 Act except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies; |
2. | Purchase or sell real estate, except each Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein; |
3. | Purchase or sell commodities, except that each Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts; |
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4. | With the exception of Real Estate Equity Fund, which will invest at least 65% of the value of its total assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the real estate industrya, purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisionsb; (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; and (iii) under normal market conditions, Energy and Natural Resources Fund will invest at least 25% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industriesc; |
5. | Make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; |
6. | Borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; and |
7. | With the exception of Energy and Natural Resources Fund, International Bond Fund and Real Estate Equity Fund, purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) a Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, or any applicable exemptive relief. |
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund invests at least 80% of total assets in state bonds, subject to applicable state requirements.
a | In determining whether a purchase by Real Estate Equity Fund would cause the Fund to have invested less than 65% of the value of its total assets in securities of companies principally engaged in the real estate industry, the Adviser currently uses the Global Industry Classification Standard (“GICS”) produced by S&P and MSCI Inc. |
b | For purposes of determining whether International Bond Fund has invested 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry pursuant to fundamental investment policy (4) above, the Fund will consider each foreign government to be conducting its business activities in a separate industry, and will consider a security to have been issued by a foreign government if (i) the security is issued directly by such government, (ii) the security is issued by an agency, instrumentality or authority that is backed by the full faith and credit of such foreign government or (iii) the security is issued by an entity the assets and revenues of which the Adviser determines are not separate from such foreign government. The Fund generally will treat supranational entities as issuers separate and distinct from any foreign government, so long as such entities do not fall within the characteristics described in item (iii) above. If any other security is guaranteed as to payment of principal and/or interest by a foreign government, then the Fund will generally treat the guarantee as a separate security issued by such foreign government. |
c | In determining whether Energy and Natural Resources Fund has invested at least 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the energy and other natural resources groups of industries, the Adviser currently uses the Global Industry Classification Standard (“GICS”) produced by S&P and MSCI Inc. The Adviser currently considers companies in each of the indicated GICS industry groups to be within the energy and other natural resources groups of industries: (i) Energy, (ii) Utilities, and (iii) Materials, but limited to companies in the following |
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GICS industries and sub-industries: the Chemicals industry (companies that primarily produce or distribute industrial and basic chemicals, including the Commodity Chemicals, Diversified Chemicals, Fertilizers & Agriculture Chemicals, Industrial Gases, and Specialty Chemicals sub-industries), the Metals & Mining industry (companies that primarily produce, process, extract, or distribute precious or basic metals or minerals, including the Aluminum, Diversified Metals & Mining, Gold, Precious Metals & Minerals, and Steel sub-industries), and the Paper & Forest Products industry (companies that primarily cultivate or manufacture timber or wood-related products or paper products, including the Forest Products and Paper Products sub-industries). |
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Fund | May Not Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securitiesa | May not sell securities shortb | May not purchase securities of other investment companiesc | May not purchase securities of companies for purpose of exercising controld | Provides 60 day notice in connection with Rule 35d-1 changese | |||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
International Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | ü | ü |
a | Funds with a check mark in this column may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, invest more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid securities. “Illiquid Securities” is defined in accordance with the SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is a security which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the fund has valued the security. |
b | Funds with a check mark in this column may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. |
c | Funds with a check mark in this column may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations |
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thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of one of these Funds are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. |
d | Funds with a check mark in this column may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, purchase securities of companies for the purpose of exercising control. |
e | To the extent a Fund with a check mark in this column is subject to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act (the Names Rule), and does not otherwise have a fundamental investment policy in place to comply with the Names Rule, such Fund has adopted the following non-fundamental policy: Shareholders will receive at least 60 days’ notice of any change to the Fund’s investment objective or principal investment strategies made in order to comply with the Names Rule. The notice will be provided in plain English in a separate written document, and will contain the following prominent statement or similar statement in bold-face type: “Important Notice Regarding Change in Investment Policy.” This statement will appear on both the notice and the envelope in which it is delivered, unless it is delivered separately from other communications to investors, in which case the statement will appear either on the notice or the envelope in which the notice is delivered. |
Permissible Investments and Related Risks
Each Fund’s prospectuses identify and summarize the individual types of securities in which the Fund invests as part of its principal investment strategies and the principal risks associated with such investments.
The table below identifies certain types of securities in which each Fund is permitted to invest, including certain types of securities that are described in each Fund’s prospectuses. A Fund generally has the ability to invest 10% or more of its total assets in each type of security described in its prospectuses (and in each sub-category of such security type described in this SAI). To the extent that a type of security identified below for a Fund is not described in the Fund’s prospectuses (or as a sub-category of such security type in this SAI), the Fund generally invests less than 10% of the Fund’s total assets in such security type.
Information about individual types of securities (including certain of their associated risks) in which some or all of the Funds may invest is set forth below. Each Fund’s investment in these types of securities is subject to its investment objective and fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies.
Temporary Defensive Positions. Each Fund may temporarily invest in money market instruments or hold cash. It may do so without limit, when the Adviser or the Fund’s subadviser, if applicable: (i) believes that the market conditions are not favorable for profitable investing; (ii) is unable to locate favorable investment opportunities; or (iii) determines that a temporary defensive position is advisable or necessary in order to meet anticipated redemption requests, or for other reasons. While a Fund engages in such strategies, it may not achieve its investment objective. See also About the Funds’ Investments – Permissible Investments and Related Risks – Money Market Instruments.
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Permissible Fund Investments
Investment Type | Balanced Fund | Bond Fund | Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | Contrarian Core Fund | Corporate Income Fund | Dividend Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Emerging Markets Fund | Energy and Natural Resources Fund | High Yield Municipal Fund | High Yield Opportunity Fund | Intermediate Bond Fund | International Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Large Cap Growth Fund | Mid Cap Growth Fund | Pacific/Asia Fund | Real Estate Equity Fund | Select Large Cap Growth Fund | Small Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Small Cap Growth Fund I | Small Cap Value Fund I | Strategic Income Fund | Strategic Investor Fund | U.S. Treasury Fund | Value and Restructuring Fund | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bank Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Arrangements) | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offerings | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Participation Interests | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
Asset-Backed Securities
Asset-backed securities represent interests in, or debt instruments that are backed by, pools of various types of assets that generate cash payments generally over fixed periods of time. Such securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying assets (less fees paid to the
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originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying assets effectively pass through to such security holders. Asset-backed securities typically are created by an originator of loans or owner of accounts receivable that sells such underlying assets to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying assets, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Asset-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in asset-backed securities is subject to certain risks. For example, the value of asset-backed securities may be affected by, among other factors, changes in: interest rates, the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets, the creditworthiness of the servicer for the underlying assets, information concerning the originator of the underlying assets, or the creditworthiness or rating of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds, derivative instruments, or other credit enhancement. The value of asset-backed securities also will be affected by the exhaustion, termination or expiration of any credit enhancement.
Declining or low interest rates may lead to a more rapid rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in accelerated payments on asset-backed securities that then would be reinvested at a lesser rate of interest. Rising or high interest rates tend to lead to a slower rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in slower than expected payments on asset-backed securities that can, in turn, lead to a decline in value. The impact of changing interest rates on the value of asset-backed securities may be difficult to predict and result in greater volatility. Holders of asset-backed securities generally have no recourse against the originator of the underlying assets in the event of a default on the underlying assets. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of asset-backed securities, backed by pools of receivables such as mortgage loans, may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or an underlying obligor has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for asset-backed securities that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of an asset-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be.
Bank Obligations (Domestic and Foreign)
Bank obligations include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, time deposits and promissory notes that earn a specified rate of return and may be issued by (i) a domestic branch of a domestic bank, (ii) a foreign branch of a domestic bank, (iii) a domestic branch of a foreign bank or (iv) a foreign branch of a foreign bank. Bank obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
Certificates of deposit, or so-called CDs, typically are interest-bearing debt instruments issued by banks and have maturities ranging from a few weeks to several years. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on and accepted by banks, are a customary means of effecting payment for merchandise sold in import-export transactions and are a general source of financing. Yankee dollar certificates of deposit are negotiable CDs issued in the United States by branches and agencies of foreign banks. Eurodollar certificates of deposit are CDs issued by foreign (mainly European) banks with interest and principal paid in U.S. dollars. Such CDs typically have maturities of less than two years and have interest rates that typically are pegged to the London Interbank Offered Rate or LIBOR. A time deposit can be either a savings account or CD that is an obligation of a financial institution for a fixed term. Typically, there are penalties for early withdrawals of time deposits. Promissory notes are written commitments of the maker to pay the payee a specified sum of money either on demand or at a fixed or determinable future date, with or without interest.
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Bank investment contracts are issued by banks. Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of a bank. The bank then credits to the Fund payments at floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund also may hold funds on deposit with its custodian for temporary purposes.
Investing in bank obligations is subject to certain risks. Certain bank obligations, such as some CDs, are insured by the FDIC up to certain specified limits. Many other bank obligations, however, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the FDIC or the U.S. Government. These bank obligations are “backed” only by the creditworthiness of the issuing bank or parent financial institution. Domestic and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulation. Accordingly, certain obligations of foreign banks, including Eurodollar and Yankee dollar obligations, involve different investment risks than those affecting obligations of domestic banks, including, among others, the possibilities that: (i) their liquidity could be impaired because of political or economic developments; (ii) the obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of domestic banks; (iii) a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding and other taxes at high levels on interest income; (iv) foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized; (v) foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be imposed, which could adversely affect the payment of principal or interest on those obligations; (vi) there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks issuing the obligations; and (vii) the reserve requirements and accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to domestic banks. Foreign banks generally are not subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.
Common Stock
Common stock represents a unit of equity ownership of a corporation. Owners typically are entitled to vote on the selection of directors and other important corporate governance matters, and to receive dividend payments, if any, on their holdings. However, ownership of common stock does not entitle owners to participate in the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Common stocks of domestic and foreign public corporations can be listed, and their shares traded, on domestic stock exchanges, such as the NYSE or the NASDAQ Stock Market. Domestic and foreign corporations also may have their shares traded on foreign exchanges, such as the London Stock Exchange or Tokyo Stock Exchange. Common stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in common stocks is subject to certain risks. Stock market risk, for example, is the risk that the value of such stocks, like the broader stock markets, may decline over short or even extended periods of time, perhaps substantially or unexpectedly. Domestic and foreign stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods when stock prices generally rise and periods when stock prices generally decline. The value of individual stocks will rise and fall based on factors specific to each company, such as changes in earnings or management, as well as general economic and market factors.
If a corporation is liquidated, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and owners of debt securities and “preferred” stock take priority over the claims of those who own common stock.
Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to the particular type of company issuing the common stock. For example, stocks of smaller companies tend to have greater price swings than stocks of larger companies because, among other things, they trade less frequently and in lower volumes, are more susceptible to changes in economic conditions, may be more reliant on singular products or services and are more vulnerable to larger competitors. Common stocks of these types of companies may have a higher potential for gains, but also may be subject to greater risk of loss.
Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to a particular industry, such as technology, financial services, consumer goods or natural resources (e.g., oil and gas). To some extent, the prices of common stocks tend to move by industry sector. When market conditions favorably affect, or are expected to favorably
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affect, an industry, the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry tend to rise. Conversely, negative news or a poor outlook for a particular industry can cause the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry to decline quickly.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio or predetermined price (the conversion price). As such, convertible securities combine the investment characteristics of debt securities and equity securities. A holder of convertible securities is entitled to receive the income of a bond, debenture or note or the dividend of a preferred stock until the conversion privilege is exercised. The market value of convertible securities generally is a function of, among other factors, interest rates, the rates of return of similar nonconvertible securities and the financial strength of the issuer. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, conversely, to rise as interest rates decline. However, a convertible security’s market value tends to reflect the market price of the common stock of the issuing company when that stock price approaches or is greater than its conversion price. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the price of the convertible security tends to be influenced more by the rate of return of the convertible security. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence their value, convertible securities generally are not as sensitive to changes in interest rates as similar debt securities nor generally are they as sensitive to changes in share price as their underlying common stock. Convertible securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in convertible securities is subject to certain risks. Certain convertible securities, particularly securities that are convertible into securities of an issuer other than the issuer of the convertible security, may be illiquid and, therefore, may be more difficult to resell in a timely fashion or for a fair price, which could result in investment losses. Certain convertible securities may have a mandatory conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock or other equity securities (of the same or a different issuer) at a specified date and a specified exchange ratio. Certain convertible securities may be convertible at the option of the issuer, which may require a holder to convert the security into the underlying common stock, even at times when the value of the underlying common stock or other equity security has declined substantially. In addition, some convertible securities may be rated below investment grade or may not be rated and, therefore, may be considered speculative investments. Companies that issue convertible securities frequently are small- and mid-capitalization companies and, accordingly, carry the risks associated with such companies. In addition, the credit rating of a company’s convertible securities generally is lower than that of its conventional debt securities. Convertible securities are senior to equity securities and have a claim to the assets of an issuer prior to the holders of the issuer’s common stock in the event of liquidation but generally are subordinate to similar non-convertible debt securities of the same issuer. Some convertible securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their predetermined conversion price is much higher than the price for the issuing company’s common stock.
Corporate Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities are fixed income securities typically issued by businesses to finance their operations. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most common types of corporate debt securities, with the primary difference being their interest rates, maturity dates and secured or unsecured status. Commercial paper has the shortest term and usually is unsecured. The broad category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small-, mid- and large-capitalizations. The category also includes bank loans, as well as assignments, participations and other interests
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in bank loans. Corporate debt securities may be rated investment grade or below investment grade and may be structured as fixed-, variable or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Extendible commercial notes (ECNs) are very similar to commercial paper except that with ECNs, the issuer has the option to extend the notes’ maturity. ECNs are issued at a discount rate, with an initial redemption of not more than 90 days from the date of issue. If ECNs are not redeemed by the issuer on the initial redemption date, the issuer will pay a premium (step-up) rate based on the ECN’s credit rating at the time.
Because of the wide range of types and maturities of corporate debt securities, as well as the range of creditworthiness of issuers, corporate debt securities can have widely varying risk/return profiles. For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation that is rated by an NRSRO as investment grade may have a relatively modest return on principal but present relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued, for example, by a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that has not been rated by an NRSRO may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal but carries a relatively high degree of risk.
Investing in corporate debt securities is subject to certain risks including, among others, credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that a Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment grade by an NRSRO generally are considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities. The credit risk of a particular issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than and, therefore, may be paid in full before, lower ranking (subordinated) securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of higher-ranking senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of more junior securities. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of certain corporate debt securities will tend to fall when interest rates rise. In general, corporate debt securities with longer terms tend to fall more in value when interest rates rise than do corporate debt securities with shorter terms.
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates
Custody receipts and trust certificates are derivative products that evidence direct ownership in a pool of securities. Typically, a sponsor will deposit a pool of securities with a custodian in exchange for custody receipts evidencing interests in those securities. The sponsor generally then will sell the custody receipts or trust certificates in negotiated transactions at varying prices. Each custody receipt or trust certificate evidences the individual securities in the pool and the holder of a custody receipt or trust certificate generally will have all the rights and privileges of owners of those securities.
Investing in custody receipts and trust certificates is subject to certain risks. Custody receipts and trust certificates generally are subject to the same risks as the securities evidenced by the receipts or certificates. Custody receipts and trust certificates also may be less liquid than the underlying securities.
Derivatives
General
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or a bond), assets (such as a commodity, like gold), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indices, are traded on regulated exchanges. These types of derivatives are
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standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market values are determined and published daily. Non-standardized derivatives, on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex, and may be harder to value. Derivatives afford leverage and, when used properly, can enhance returns and be useful in hedging portfolios. Some common types of derivatives include futures; options; options on futures; forward foreign currency exchange contracts; forward contracts on securities and securities indices; linked securities and structured products; CMOs; stripped securities; warrants; swap agreements and swaptions.
A Fund may use derivatives for a variety of reasons, including, for example: (i) to enhance its return; (ii) to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held in or to be purchased for its portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations (i.e., to hedge); (iii) to protect its unrealized gains reflected in the value of its portfolio securities; (iv) to facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes; (v) to reduce transaction costs; and/or (vi) to manage the effective maturity or duration of its portfolio.
A Fund’s use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives. These risks are heightened when a Fund uses derivatives to enhance its return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge or offset the risk of a position or security held by a Fund. There is also a risk that the derivative will not correlate well with the security for which it is substituting. A Fund’s use of derivatives to leverage risk also may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing a Fund to lose more money than if it had invested in the underlying security, or limit a potential gain. The success of management’s derivative strategies will depend on its ability to assess and predict the impact of market or economic developments on the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate and the derivative itself, without necessarily the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. Other risks arise from a Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell its derivative positions as a liquid secondary market for such positions may not exist at times when a Fund may wish to terminate or sell them. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid. Derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. Also, with some derivative strategies there is the risk that a Fund may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to invest in derivatives altogether. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount and accelerate the timing of taxes payable by shareholders.
A Fund may use any or all of the above investment techniques and may purchase different types of derivative instruments at any time and in any combination. There is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique over another, as the use of derivatives is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions.
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products)
General. Indexed or linked securities, also often referred to as “structured products,” are instruments that may have varying combinations of equity and debt characteristics. These instruments are structured to recast the investment characteristics of the underlying security or reference asset. If the issuer is a unit investment trust or other special purpose vehicle, the structuring will typically involve the deposit with or purchase by such issuer of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or securities) and/or the execution of various derivative transactions, and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured securities) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments.
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Indexed and Inverse Floating Rate Securities. A Fund may invest in securities that provide a potential return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. For example, a Fund may invest in securities that pay interest based on an index of interest rates. The principal amount payable upon maturity of certain securities also may be based on the value of the index. To the extent a Fund invests in these types of securities, a Fund’s return on such securities will rise and fall with the value of the particular index: that is, if the value of the index falls, the value of the indexed securities owned by a Fund will fall. Interest and principal payable on certain securities may also be based on relative changes among particular indices.
A Fund may also invest in so-called “inverse floaters” or “residual interest bonds” on which the interest rates vary inversely with a floating rate (which may be reset periodically by a dutch auction, a remarketing agent, or by reference to a short-term tax-exempt interest rate index). A Fund may purchase synthetically-created inverse floating rate bonds evidenced by custodial or trust receipts. Generally, income on inverse floating rate bonds will decrease when interest rates increase, and will increase when interest rates decrease. Such securities have the effect of providing a degree of investment leverage, since they may increase or decrease in value in response to changes, as an illustration, in market interest rates at a rate that is a multiple of the rate at which fixed-rate securities increase or decrease in response to such changes. As a result, the market values of such securities will generally be more volatile than the market values of fixed-rate securities. To seek to limit the volatility of these securities, a Fund may purchase inverse floating obligations that have shorter-term maturities or that contain limitations on the extent to which the interest rate may vary. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid. A Fund may invest in indexed and inverse securities for hedging purposes or to seek to increase returns. When used for hedging purposes, indexed and inverse securities involve correlation risk. Furthermore, where such a security includes a contingent liability, in the event of an adverse movement in the underlying index or interest rate, a Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain the position.
Credit Linked Securities. Among the income producing securities in which a Fund may invest are credit linked securities. The issuers of these securities frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles that, in turn, invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain fixed income markets. For instance, a Fund may invest in credit linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to a certain market and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available.
Like an investment in a bond, investments in these credit linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on or linked to the issuer’s receipt of payments from, and the issuer’s potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the issuer invests. For instance, the issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the issuer would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and/or principal that a Fund would receive. A Fund’s investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. These securities generally are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.
Index-, Commodity-, Currency- and Equity-Linked Securities. “Index-linked” or “commodity-linked” notes are debt securities of companies that call for interest payments and/or payment at maturity in different terms than the typical note where the borrower agrees to make fixed interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Principal and/or interest payments on an index-linked or commodity-linked note depend on the performance of
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one or more market indices, such as the S&P 500® Index, a weighted index of commodity futures such as crude oil, gasoline and natural gas or the market prices of a particular commodity or basket of commodities. Equity-linked securities are short-term or intermediate term instruments having a value at maturity and/or interest rate determined by reference to the market prices of one or more equity securities. At maturity, the principal amount of an equity-linked debt security is often exchanged for common stock of the issuer or is payable in an amount based on the issuer’s common stock price at the time of maturity. Currency-linked debt securities are short-term or intermediate-term instruments having a value at maturity, and/or an interest rate, determined by reference to one or more foreign currencies. Payment of principal or periodic interest may be calculated as a multiple of the movement of one currency against another currency, or against an index.
Index, commodity, currency and equity-linked securities may entail substantial risks. Such instruments may be subject to significant price volatility. The company issuing the instrument may fail to pay the amount due on maturity. The underlying investment or security may not perform as expected by the Adviser. Markets, underlying securities and indexes may move in a direction that was not anticipated by the Adviser. Performance of the derivatives may be influenced by interest rate and other market changes in the United States and abroad, and certain derivative instruments may be illiquid.
Linked securities are often issued by unit investment trusts. Examples of this include such index-linked securities as S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), which is an interest in a unit investment trust holding a portfolio of securities linked to the S&P 500® Index, and a type of exchange-traded fund (ETF). Because a unit investment trust is an investment company under the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investments in SPDRs are subject to the limitations set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act. SPDRs closely track the underlying portfolio of securities, trade like a share of common stock and pay periodic dividends proportionate to those paid by the portfolio of stocks that comprise the S&P 500® Index. As a holder of interests in a unit investment trust, a Fund would indirectly bear its ratable share of that unit investment trust’s expenses. At the same time, a Fund would continue to pay its own management and advisory fees and other expenses, as a result of which a Fund and its shareholders in effect would be absorbing levels of fees with respect to investments in such unit investment trusts.
Equity-linked securities include issues such as Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Stock (STRYPES), Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES), Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES), and Trust Enhanced Dividend Securities (TRENDS). The issuers of these equity-linked securities generally purchase and hold a portfolio of stripped U.S. Treasury securities maturing on a quarterly basis through the conversion date, and a forward purchase contract with an existing shareholder of the company relating to the common stock. Quarterly distributions on such equity-linked securities generally consist of the cash received from the U.S. Treasury securities and such equity-linked securities generally are not entitled to any dividends that may be declared on the common stock.
Investing in structured products and linked securities is subject to certain risks. Because structured products typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured products may be structured as a class that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured products typically have higher rates of return and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured products. Structured products sometimes are sold in private placement transactions and often have a limited trading market.
Investments in “linked” securities have the potential to lead to significant losses because of unexpected movements in the underlying financial asset, index, currency or other investment. The ability of a Fund to utilize linked-securities successfully will depend on its ability correctly to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. Because currency-linked securities usually relate to foreign currencies, some of which may be currencies from emerging market countries, there are certain additional risks associated with such investments.
SPDRs are subject to the risks of an investment in a broadly based portfolio of common stocks, including the risk that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of such
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investment. In addition, because individual investments in SPDRs are not redeemable, except upon termination of the unit investment trust, the liquidity of small holdings of SPDRs will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Large holdings of SPDRs are called “creation unit size” and are redeemable in-kind only and are not redeemable for cash from the unit investment trust. The price of a SPDR is derived from and based upon the securities held by the unit investment trust. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a SPDR is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for SPDRs is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying SPDRs purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on SPDRs.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
Futures Contracts. A futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. A futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. The specific security or other asset delivered or taken at the settlement date is not determined until on or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract was made. A Fund may enter into futures contracts which are traded on national or foreign futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying security or other asset. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), a U.S. Government agency.
Traders in futures contracts may be broadly classified as either “hedgers” or “speculators.” Hedgers use the futures markets primarily to offset unfavorable changes (anticipated or potential) in the value of securities or other assets currently owned or expected to be acquired by them. Speculators less often own the securities or other assets underlying the futures contracts which they trade, and generally use futures contracts with the expectation of realizing profits from fluctuations in the value of the underlying securities or other assets. Pursuant to a notice of eligibility claiming exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator filed with the CFTC and the National Futures Association on behalf of the Funds, neither the Trust nor any of the individual Funds is deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA, and, accordingly, they are not subject to registration or regulation as such under the CEA.
Upon entering into futures contracts, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities, equal in value to the amount of a Fund’s obligation under the contract (less any applicable margin deposits and any assets that constitute “cover” for such obligation), will be segregated with a Fund’s custodian.
Unlike when a Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by a Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract, although a Fund is required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash and/or U.S. Government securities in order to initiate and maintain open positions in futures contracts. This amount is known as “initial margin.” The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions, in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by a Fund to finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit intended to assure completion of the contract (delivery or acceptance of the underlying security or other asset) that is returned to a Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the relevant futures exchange and may be changed. Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange minimums. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin which may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker (or the custodian) are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or other asset fluctuates, a process known as “marking to market.” If the futures contract price changes to the extent that the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of additional variation margin will be required. Conversely, a change in the contract value may reduce the required margin, resulting in a repayment of excess margin to the contract holder. Variation margin payments are made for as long as the contract remains open. A Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
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Although futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities or other assets (stock index futures contracts or futures contracts that reference other intangible assets do not permit delivery of the referenced assets), the contracts usually are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. A Fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The purpose of taking such action would be to reduce or eliminate the position then currently held by a Fund. Closing out an open futures position is done by taking an opposite position (“buying” a contract which has previously been “sold,” “selling” a contract previously “purchased”) in an identical contract (i.e., the same aggregate amount of the specific type of security or other asset with the same delivery date) to terminate the position. Final determinations are made as to whether the price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds or is below the price of the offsetting purchase, or whether the purchase price exceeds or is below the offsetting sale price. Final determinations of variation margin are then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to a Fund, and a Fund realizes a loss or a gain. Brokerage commissions are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold.
Successful use of futures contracts by a Fund is subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors affecting securities and commodities markets. This requires different skills and techniques than those required to predict changes in the prices of individual securities. A Fund, therefore, bears the risk that future market trends will be incorrectly predicted.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts in some strategies can be substantial, due both to the relatively low margin deposits required and the potential for an extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures contracts. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount posted as initial margin for the contract.
In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments in order to maintain its required margin. In such a situation, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities in order to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close the futures position also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge effectively.
To reduce or eliminate a hedge position held by a Fund, a Fund may seek to close out a position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular futures contract, which may limit a Fund’s ability to realize its profits or limit its losses. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions, closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts (or a particular class or series of contracts), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of contracts) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
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Interest Rate Futures Contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have tended to move generally in the aggregate in concert with the cash market prices and have maintained fairly predictable relationships. Accordingly, a Fund may use interest rate futures contracts as a defense, or hedge, against anticipated interest rate changes. A Fund presently could accomplish a similar result to that which it hopes to achieve through the use of interest rate futures contracts by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase, or conversely, selling bonds with short maturities and investing in bonds with long maturities when interest rates are expected to decline. However, because of the liquidity that is often available in the futures market, the protection is more likely to be achieved, perhaps at a lower cost and without changing the rate of interest being earned by a Fund, through using futures contracts.
Interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction environment on the floors of several exchanges – principally, the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Futures Exchange. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. A public market exists in futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes; GNMA modified pass-through mortgage backed securities; three-month U.S. Treasury Bills; and ninety-day commercial paper. A Fund may also invest in exchange-traded Eurodollar contracts, which are interest rate futures on the forward level of LIBOR. These contracts are generally considered liquid securities and trade on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Such Eurodollar contracts are generally used to “lock-in” or hedge the future level of short-term rates. A Fund may trade in any interest rate futures contracts for which there exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments.
Index Futures Contracts. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a contract to buy units of an index is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the index. A unit is the current value of the index. A Fund may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its objective(s).
There are several risks in connection with the use by a Fund of index futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Adviser will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged.
Municipal Bond Index Futures Contracts. Municipal bond index futures contracts may act as a hedge against changes in market conditions. A municipal bond index assigns values daily to the municipal bonds included in the index based on the independent assessment of dealer-to-dealer municipal bond brokers. A municipal bond index futures contract represents a firm commitment by which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount equal to a specified dollar amount multiplied by the difference between the municipal bond index value on the last trading date of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made.
Options on Futures Contracts. A Fund may purchase and write call and put options on those futures contracts that it is permitted to buy or sell. A Fund may use such options on futures contracts in lieu of writing options directly on the underlying securities or other assets or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. Such options generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy from
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(call) or sell to (put) the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing purchase transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that such closing purchase transactions can be effected.
A Fund will enter into written options on futures contracts only when, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities equal in value to the underlying security’s or other asset’s value (less any applicable margin deposits) have been deposited in a segregated account. A Fund will be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers’ requirements similar to those described above.
Investments in futures options involve some of the same risks that are involved in connection with investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased. There may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss to a Fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the hedged investments. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to a Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs).
Successful use of index futures by a Fund is also subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. It is possible that, for example, where a Fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the index on which the futures are written may advance and the value of securities held in a Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurred, a Fund would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in the value of its portfolio securities, as a Fund’s ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in futures or put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by a Fund. Inasmuch as a Fund’s securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, a Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move to the same extent as do the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that, if a Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held in its portfolio and securities prices increase instead, a Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased values of those securities that it has hedged, because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements.
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the index futures and the securities of the portfolio being hedged, the prices of index futures may not correlate perfectly with movements in the underlying index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures markets are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which would distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result, the futures market may attract more speculators than the securities market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market, and also because of the imperfect correlation between movements in an index and movements in the prices of index futures, even a correct forecast of general market trends by the Adviser may still not result in a successful hedging transaction.
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There is also the risk of loss by a Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in a futures contract or related option. Most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in some contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and, therefore, does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Options on Index Futures Contracts. A Fund may also purchase and sell options on index futures contracts. Options on index futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in an index futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the index futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the index future. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to the expiration date of the option, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing level of the index on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
There are various risks in connection with the use by a Fund of index futures as a hedging device. For example, a risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Adviser will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged; there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful in doing so.
Use by Tax-Exempt Funds of Interest Rate and U.S. Treasury Security Futures Contracts and Options. If a Fund invests in tax-exempt securities, it may purchase and sell futures contracts and related options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities when, in the opinion of the Adviser, price movements in these security futures and related options will correlate closely with price movements in the tax-exempt securities which are the subject of the hedge. Interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities futures contracts require the seller to deliver, or the purchaser to take delivery of, the type of security called for in the contract at a specified date and price. Options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option.
In addition to the risks generally involved in using futures contracts, there is also a risk that price movements in interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and related options will not correlate closely with price movements in markets for tax-exempt securities.
Stock Options and Stock Index Options
A Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular stocks or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks.
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There is a key difference between stock options and stock index options in connection with their exercise. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the securities included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the S&P 500® Index or a narrower market index, such as the S&P 100® Index. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment.
The successful use of a Fund’s options strategies depends on the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rate and market movements correctly. When it purchases an option, a Fund runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless a Fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction for such option during the life of the option. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, a Fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This contrasts with an investment by a Fund in the underlying securities, since a Fund may continue to hold its investment in those securities notwithstanding the lack of a change in price of those securities.
The effective use of options also depends on a Fund’s ability to terminate option positions at times when the Adviser deems it desirable to do so. Although a Fund will take an option position only if the Adviser believes there is a liquid secondary market for the option, there is no assurance that a Fund will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price.
If a secondary trading market in options were to become unavailable, a Fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. The writer in such circumstances would be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, a Fund will realize a loss equal to the premium paid. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on the options. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is normally halted as well. As a result, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be unable to close out its positions until options trading resumes, and it may be faced with losses if trading in the security reopens at a substantially different price. In addition, the OCC or other options markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on exercise is imposed at a time when trading in the option has also been halted, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be locked into its position until one of the two restrictions has been lifted. If a prohibition on exercise remains in effect until an option owned by a Fund has expired, a Fund could lose the entire value of its option.
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Special risks are presented by internationally traded options. Because of time differences between the United States and various foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in different countries, foreign options markets may be open for trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of the underlying interest in the United States.
Dealer (Over-the-Counter) Options. Dealer options are options negotiated individually through dealers rather than traded on an exchange. Certain risks are specific to dealer options. While a Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if a Fund purchases a dealer option it must rely on the selling dealer to perform if a Fund exercises the option. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by a Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction. Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options more often may not. Consequently, a Fund can realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the issuing dealer. Similarly, when a Fund writes a dealer option, a Fund can close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer. While each Fund seeks to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and can enter into closing transactions with a Fund, no assurance exists that a Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless a Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, can effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, a Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by a Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to a Fund. For example, because a Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, a Fund may not sell the assets, that it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair a Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
A Fund generally will treat purchased dealer options as illiquid securities. A Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that a Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Writing Covered Options. A Fund may write covered call options and covered put options on securities held in its portfolio when, in the opinion of the Adviser, such transactions are consistent with a Fund’s investment goal and policies. Call options written by a Fund give the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from a Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price; put options give the purchaser the right to sell the underlying securities to a Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price.
A Fund may write only covered options, which means that, so long as a Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of securities exchanges). In the case of put options, a Fund will hold cash and/or high-grade short-term debt obligations equal to the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition, a Fund will be considered to have covered a put or call option if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or all of the risk of the option it has written. A Fund may write combinations of covered puts and calls (straddles) on the same underlying security.
A Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases a Fund’s return on the underlying security if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the
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underlying security. By writing a call option, a Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security. By writing a put option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than the security’s then-current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.
A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by a Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an offsetting option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. A Fund realizes a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from writing the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option generally reflect increases in the market price of the security underlying the option, any loss resulting from a closing purchase transaction may be offset in whole or in part by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security.
If a Fund writes a call option but does not own the underlying security, and when it writes a put option, a Fund may be required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as “margin” or collateral for its obligation to buy or sell the underlying security. As the value of the underlying security varies, a Fund may also have to deposit additional margin with the broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently imposed by the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations.
Purchasing Put Options. A Fund may purchase put options to protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against a decline in market value. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the put option since a Fund, as holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security’s market price. For a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, a Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from appreciation of the underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
Purchasing Call Options. A Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that a Fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the call option since a Fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security’s market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit a Fund might have realized had it bought the underlying security at the time it purchased the call option.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options. A Fund will enter into OTC options transactions only with primary dealers in U.S. Government securities and, in the case of OTC options written by a Fund, only pursuant to agreements that will assure that a Fund will at all times have the right to repurchase the option written by it from the dealer at a specified formula price. A Fund will treat the amount by which such formula price exceeds the amount, if any, by which the option may be “in-the-money” as an illiquid investment. It is the present policy of a Fund not to enter into any OTC option transaction if, as a result, more than 15% (10% in some cases, refer to your Fund’s prospectuses) of a Fund’s net assets would be invested in (i) illiquid investments (determined under the foregoing formula) relating to OTC options written by a Fund, (ii) OTC options purchased by a Fund, (iii) securities which are not readily marketable, and (iv) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days.
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Index Options. As an alternative to purchasing call and put options on index futures, a Fund may purchase call and put options on the underlying indices themselves. Such options could be used in a manner identical to the use of options on index futures. Options involving securities indices provide the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option based on movements in the relevant index. Such options must be listed on a national securities exchange and issued by the OCC. Such options may relate to particular securities or to various stock indices, except that a Fund may not write covered options on an index.
Foreign Stock Index Options. A Fund may, for the purpose of hedging its portfolio, subject to applicable securities regulations, purchase and write put and call options on foreign stock indices listed on foreign and domestic stock exchanges.
Swap Agreements
Swap agreements are derivative instruments that can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease a Fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates. A Fund may enter into a variety of swap agreements, including interest rate, index, commodity, equity, credit default and currency exchange rate swap agreements, and other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars and floors. A Fund also may enter into swaptions, which are options to enter into a swap agreement.
In a typical interest rate swap, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate times a “notional principal amount,” in return for payments equal to a fixed rate times the same amount, for a specified period of time. If a swap agreement provides for payments in different currencies, the parties might agree to exchange notional principal amount as well. In a total return swap agreement, the non-floating rate side of the swap is based on the total return of an individual security, a basket of securities, an index or another reference asset. Swaps may also depend on other prices or rates, such as the value of an index or mortgage prepayment rates.
In a typical cap or floor agreement, one party agrees to make payments only under specified circumstances, usually in return for payment of a fee by the other party. For example, the buyer of an interest rate cap obtains the right to receive payments to the extent that a specified interest rate exceeds an agreed-upon level, while the seller of an interest rate floor is obligated to make payments to the extent that a specified interest rate falls below an agreed-upon level. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options. A collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor.
Swap agreements will tend to shift a Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if a Fund agreed to pay fixed rates in exchange for floating rates while holding fixed-rate bonds, the swap would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to long-term interest rates. Another example is if a Fund agreed to exchange payments in dollars for payments in foreign currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on a Fund’s performance. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a Fund’s investments and its share price and yield. Additionally, whether a Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Adviser’s ability correctly to predict whether certain types of investments likely are to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The most significant factor in the performance of swap agreements is the change in the specific
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interest rate, currency, or other factor that determines the amounts of payments due to and from a Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by a Fund, a Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement likely would decline, potentially resulting in losses for a Fund. A Fund will closely monitor the credit of a swap agreement counterparty in order to attempt to minimize this risk. A Fund may also suffer losses if it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements (either by assignment or other disposition) or reduce its exposure through offsetting transactions (i.e., by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party).
Credit Default Swap Agreements. A Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements, which may have as reference obligations one or more securities or a basket of securities that are or are not currently held by a Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, a Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, a Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, a Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to risks relating to the reference obligation, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. A Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements generally with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. A buyer generally will lose its investment and recover nothing if no credit event occurs and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller.
Equity Swaps. A Fund may engage in equity swaps. Equity swaps allow the parties to the swap agreement to exchange components of return on one equity investment (e.g., a basket of equity securities or an index) for a component of return on another non-equity or equity investment, including an exchange of differential rates of return. Equity swaps may be used to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances where direct investment may be restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impractical. Equity swaps also may be used for other purposes, such as hedging or seeking to increase total return.
The values of equity swaps can be very volatile. To the extent that the Adviser does not accurately analyze and predict the potential relative fluctuation on the components swapped with the other party, a Fund may suffer a loss. The value of some components of an equity swap (such as the dividend on a common stock) may also be sensitive to changes in interest rates. Furthermore, during the period a swap is outstanding, a Fund may suffer a loss if the counterparty defaults.
Total Return Swap Agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap
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agreements may effectively add leverage to a Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Total return swap agreements are subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to a Fund thereunder, and conversely, that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, a Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted against one another with a Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each total return swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be segregated by a Fund. If the total return swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis, and the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be segregated by a Fund in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the total return swap agreement or the amount it would have cost a Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount a Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the total return swap agreement.
Variance, Volatility and Correlation Swap Agreements. Variance and volatility swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the volatility of certain referenced assets. Correlation swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the correlation between the prices of different assets or different market rates.
Dollar Rolls
Dollar rolls involve selling securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities or U.S. Treasury securities) and simultaneously entering into a commitment to purchase those or similar (same collateral type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future date and price. Mortgage dollar rolls and U.S. Treasury rolls are types of dollar rolls. A Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the securities during the “roll” period. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase of the securities as well as the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities a Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price or that the transaction costs may exceed the return earned by a Fund from the transaction. Dollar rolls also involve risk to a Fund if the other party should default on its obligation and a Fund is delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. In the event that the buyer of securities under a dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of proceeds of the dollar roll may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, the security to be delivered in the future may turn out to be inferior to the security sold upon entering into the transaction.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions may be used to protect, to some extent, against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates by establishing a fixed exchange rate. Foreign currency transactions may involve the purchase or sale of foreign currencies on a “spot” (cash) basis at the prevailing exchange rate or may involve “forward contracts” that allow a Fund to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date. Forward contracts may be used for “transaction hedging,” “position hedging” and “cross-hedging.” A Fund may use forward sale contracts to sell an amount of a foreign currency approximating the value of a Fund’s securities denominated in the foreign security when that foreign currency suffers a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar. A Fund may use forward purchase contracts to purchase a foreign currency when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against the foreign currency. Although these transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain that might be realized if the value of the hedged currency increases.
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Transaction hedging may allow a Fund to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of a security it has agreed to purchase or sell, or the U.S. dollar equivalent of a dividend or interest rate payment in a foreign currency. A Fund may use transaction hedging to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is declared, and the date on which such payments are made or received.
Position hedging may allow a Fund to protect against an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated. A Fund may use position hedging when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a decline against the foreign currency by entering into a forward purchase contract to purchase that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.
Cross-hedging may allow a Fund to enter into a forward contract to sell a different foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount when it is believed that the U.S. dollar value of the currency to be sold pursuant to the forward contract will fall if there is a decline in the U.S. dollar value of the currency in which a Fund’s securities are denominated.
A Fund also may purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts. Options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts give the holder a right to buy or sell the underlying foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts for a specified period of time and for a specified amount. The value of an option on foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts reflects the value of an exchange rate, which depends on the relative values of the U.S. dollar and the relevant foreign currency.
Engaging in foreign currency transactions is subject to certain risks. For example, if the value of a foreign currency were to decline against the U.S. dollar, such decline would reduce the dollar value of any securities held by a Fund denominated in that currency. It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract, which may make it necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market if the market value of the security being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency a Fund is obligated to deliver at the time a Fund sells the security being hedged. The value of any currency, including the U.S. dollar, may be affected by political and economic factors applicable to the issuer’s country. The exchange rates of currencies also may be affected adversely by governmental actions. Transaction, position and cross-hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of securities that a Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell and may limit the amount of potential gain that might result from the increase in value of the currency being hedged. Settlement procedures relating to a Fund’s foreign currency transactions may be more complex than those relating to investments in securities of U.S. issuers.
Foreign Securities
Foreign securities include debt, equity and derivative securities that the Adviser determines are “foreign” based on the consideration of an issuer’s domicile, its principal place of business, its primary stock exchange listing, the source of its revenue or other factors. Foreign securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Foreign securities may include depositary receipts, such as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs are U.S. dollar denominated receipts issued in registered form by a domestic bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts issued in
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Europe, typically by foreign banks or trust companies and foreign branches of domestic banks, that evidence ownership of foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are receipts structured similarly to ADRs and EDRs and are marketed globally. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. In general, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. A Fund may invest in depositary receipts through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute interest holder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities. The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be limited information available regarding such issuers and/or limited correlation between available information and the market value of the depositary receipts.
Due to the potential for foreign withholding taxes, Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) publishes two versions of its indices reflecting the reinvestment of dividends using two different methodologies: gross dividends and net dividends. While both versions reflect reinvested dividends, they differ with respect to the manner in which taxes associated with dividend payments are treated. In calculating the net dividends version, MSCI incorporates reinvested dividends applying the withholding tax rate applicable to foreign non-resident institutional investors that do not benefit from double taxation treaties. The Adviser believes that the net dividends version of MSCI indices better reflects the returns U.S. investors might expect were they to invest directly in the component securities of an MSCI index.
Investing in foreign securities is subject to certain risks. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also may impact the value of foreign securities denominated in foreign currencies or U.S. dollars, without a change in the intrinsic value of those securities. Additionally, the U.S. dollar value of a foreign security tends to decrease when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated and tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency. A Fund may attempt to minimize the risk from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies by purchasing and selling forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. Foreign securities may be less liquid than domestic securities so that a Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at desirable prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial fees and other fees also are generally higher for foreign securities. A Fund may have limited legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain debt securities issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose potentially confiscatory withholding or other taxes, which would reduce a Fund’s return on these securities.
Other risks of investing in foreign securities include: possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the notification of income; generally less publicly available information about companies; adverse impact of political, social or diplomatic events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets; possible imposition of currency exchange controls; and that foreign companies generally are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those mandated for domestic companies.
Risks associated with investments in foreign securities are increased with respect to investments in emerging market countries. Political and economic structures in many emerging market countries, especially those in Eastern Europe, the Pacific Basin and the Far East, are undergoing significant evolutionary changes and rapid development, and may lack the social, political and economic stability of more developed countries. Investing in emerging market securities also involves risks beyond the risks applicable to foreign investments. For example, some emerging market countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be traded internationally, and some countries with
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emerging securities markets have sustained long periods of very high inflation or rapid fluctuation in inflation rates which can have negative effects on a country’s economy and securities markets.
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Agreements)
Guaranteed investment contracts, or funding agreements, are debt instruments issued by insurance companies. Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of the insurance company’s general account. The insurance company then credits to a Fund payments at negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund will purchase guaranteed investment contracts only from issuers that, at the time of purchase, meet certain credit and quality standards.
Investing in guaranteed investment contracts is subject to certain risks. In general, guaranteed investment contracts are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market does not exist for these investments. In addition, the issuer may not be able to pay the principal amount to a Fund on seven days notice or less, at which time the investment may be considered illiquid under applicable SEC regulatory guidance and subject to certain restrictions.
Illiquid Securities
Illiquid securities are defined by a Fund consistent with SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is an asset which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which a Fund has valued the investment on its books. Some securities, such as those not registered under U.S. securities laws, cannot be sold in public transactions. Subject to its investment policies, a Fund may invest in illiquid investments and may invest in certain restricted securities that are deemed to be illiquid securities.
Initial Public Offerings
A Fund may invest in initial public offerings (IPOs) of common stock or other primary or secondary syndicated offerings of equity or debt securities issued by a corporate issuer. Fixed income funds frequently invest in these types of offerings of debt securities. A purchase of IPO securities often involves higher transaction costs than those associated with the purchase of securities already traded on exchanges or markets. IPO securities are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. The market value of recently issued IPO securities may fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading and speculation, a potentially small number of securities available for trading, limited information about the issuer, and other factors. A Fund may hold IPO securities for a period of time, or may sell them soon after the purchase. Investments in IPOs could have a magnified impact – either positive or negative – on a Fund’s performance while the Fund’s assets are relatively small. The impact of an IPO on a Fund’s performance may tend to diminish as the Fund’s assets grow. In circumstances when investments in IPOs make a significant contribution to a Fund’s performance, there can be no assurance that similar contributions from IPOs will continue in the future.
Investments in Other Investment Companies
Investing in other investment companies may be a means by which a Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective. A Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive orders currently or in the future obtained by a Fund from the SEC.
Except with respect to funds structured as funds-of-funds or so-called master/feeder funds, the 1940 Act generally requires that a fund limit its investments in another investment company or series thereof so that, as determined at the time a securities purchase is made: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company; (ii) no more than 10% of the value of its total assets
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will be invested in the aggregate in securities of other investment companies; and (iii) no more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company or series thereof will be owned by a fund or by companies controlled by a fund. Such other investment companies may include ETFs, which are shares of publicly traded unit investment trusts, open-end funds or depositary receipts that seek to track the performance of specific indexes or companies in related industries.
Investing in other investment companies is subject to certain risks. Although a Fund may derive certain advantages from being able to invest in shares of other investment companies, such as to be fully invested, there may be potential disadvantages. Investing in other investment companies may result in higher fees and expenses for a Fund and its shareholders. A shareholder may be charged fees not only on Fund shares held directly but also on the investment company shares that a Fund purchases.
In addition, investing in ETFs is subject to certain other risks. ETFs generally are subject to the same risks as the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track as well as to the risks of the specific sector or industry to which the ETF relates. ETFs also are subject to the risk that their prices may not totally correlate to the prices of the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track and the risk of possible trading halts due to market conditions or for other reasons.
Under the 1940 Act and rules and regulations thereunder, a Fund may purchase shares of affiliated funds, subject to certain conditions. Investing in affiliated funds may present certain actual or potential conflicts of interest. For more information about such actual and potential conflicts of interest, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities
Low and below investment grade securities (below investment grade securities are also known as “junk bonds”) are debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s), that are below investment grade (e.g., lower than BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s) or that are unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. These types of securities may be issued to fund corporate transactions or restructurings, such as leveraged buyouts, mergers, acquisitions, debt reclassifications or similar events, are more speculative in nature than securities with higher ratings and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy. These types of securities generally are issued by unseasoned companies without long track records of sales and earnings, or by companies or municipalities that have questionable credit strength. Low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities: (i) likely will have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of one or more NRSROs, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions; (ii) are speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation; and (iii) may have a less liquid secondary market, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities. Low and below investment grade securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities is subject to certain risks. The rates of return on these types of securities generally are higher than the rates of return available on more highly rated securities, but generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of principal and income, including the possibility of default by or insolvency of the issuers of such securities. Accordingly, a Fund may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis with respect to these types of securities than is the case for more highly rated securities.
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The market values of certain low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than are the market value of more highly rated securities. In addition, issuers of low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities often are highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired.
The risk of loss due to default is greater for low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities than it is for higher rated securities because low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to more senior indebtedness. A Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its holdings of such securities. The existence of limited markets for lower-rated debt securities may diminish a Fund’s ability to: (i) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating portfolio net asset value; and (ii) sell the securities at fair market value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or in financial markets.
Many lower-rated securities are not registered for offer and sale to the public under the 1933Act. Investments in these restricted securities may be determined to be liquid (able to be sold within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued by a Fund) pursuant to policies approved by the Fund’s Trustees. Investments in illiquid securities, including restricted securities that have not been determined to be liquid, may not exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets. A Fund is not otherwise subject to any limitation on its ability to invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities may be less liquid than other lower-rated securities, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities.
Money Market Instruments
Money market instruments are high-quality, short-term debt obligations, which include: (i) bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances; (ii) funding agreements; (iii) repurchase agreements; (iv) obligations of the United States, foreign countries and supranational entities, and each of their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities; (v) certain corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper, short-term corporate obligations and extendible commercial notes; (vi) participation interests; and (vii) municipal securities. Money market instruments may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in money market instruments is subject to certain risks. Money market instruments (other than certain U.S. Government obligations) are not backed or insured by the U.S. Government, its agencies or its instrumentalities. Accordingly, only the creditworthiness of an issuer, or guarantees of that issuer, support such instruments.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities are a type of asset-backed security and represent interests in, or debt instruments backed by, pools of underlying mortgages. In some cases, these underlying mortgages may be insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Mortgage-backed securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral effectively pass through to such security holders. Mortgage-backed securities are created when mortgage originators (or mortgage loan sellers who have purchased mortgage loans from mortgage loan originators) sell the underlying mortgages to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying
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mortgage loans, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Mortgage-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued or guaranteed by GNMA (also known as Ginnie Mae), FNMA (also known as Fannie Mae), or FHLMC (also known as Freddie Mac), but also may be issued or guaranteed by other issuers, including private companies. GNMA is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Until recently, FNMA and FHLMC were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. In mid-2008, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to increase the size of home loans that FNMA and FHLMC could purchase in certain residential areas and, until 2009, to lend FNMA and FHLMC emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock. In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed in conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), a newly created independent regulator. In addition to placing the companies in conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury announced three additional steps that it intended to take with respect to FNMA and FHLMC. First, the U.S. Treasury has entered into “Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements” (PSPAs) under which, if the FHFA determines that FNMA’s or FHLMC’s liabilities have exceeded its assets under generally accepted accounting principles, the U.S. Treasury will contribute cash capital to the company in an amount equal to the difference between liabilities and assets. The PSPAs are designed to provide protection to the senior and subordinated debt and the mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC. Second, the U.S. Treasury established a new secured lending credit facility that was available to FNMA and FHLMC until December 2009. Third, the U.S. Treasury initiated a temporary program to purchase FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities that concluded in December 2009. Although the U.S. Government has provided support to FNMA and FHLMC, there can be no assurances that it will support these and other government sponsored enterprises in the future.
CMOs are debt obligations issued by special-purpose trusts, collateralized by underlying mortgage assets. Principal prepayments on underlying mortgage assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates, resulting in a loss of all or part of the premium if any has been paid. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a periodic basis. The principal and interest payments on the underlying mortgage assets may be allocated among the various classes of CMOs in several ways. Typically, payments of principal, including any prepayments, on the underlying mortgage assets are applied to the classes in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal is made on CMOs of a class until all CMOs of other classes having earlier stated maturities or final distribution dates have been paid in full.
REMICs are entities that own mortgages and elect REMIC status under the Code and, like CMOs, issue debt obligations collateralized by underlying mortgage assets that have characteristics similar to those issued by CMOs.
Investing in mortgage-backed securities is subject to certain risks, including, among others, prepayment, market and credit risks. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages more quickly than expected, which may affect the security’s average maturity and rate of return. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the
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rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages also may be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions, among other factors. Market risk reflects the risk that the price of a security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities can be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, which in turn may decrease their value. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of mortgage-backed securities may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or the underlying mortgage borrower has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for mortgage-backed securities that are backed by mortgages to so-called subprime borrowers (who may pose a greater risk of defaulting on their loans) or that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of a mortgage-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be. Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers, whether or not such obligations are subject to guarantees by the private issuer, may entail greater risk than mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government. The performance of mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers generally depends on the financial health of those institutions.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities include debt obligations issued by governmental entities to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses, and the extension of loans to public institutions and facilities. Municipal securities can be classified into two principal categories, including “general obligation” bonds and other securities and “revenue” bonds and other securities. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source, such as the user of the facility being financed. Municipal securities also may include “moral obligation” securities, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation securities is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund, the restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the governmental entity that created the special purpose public authority. Municipal securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Municipal securities may include municipal bonds, municipal notes and municipal leases. Municipal bonds are debt obligations of a governmental entity that obligate the municipality to pay the holder a specified sum of money at specified intervals and to repay the principal amount of the loan at maturity.
Municipal notes may be issued by governmental entities and other tax-exempt issuers in order to finance short-term cash needs or, occasionally, to finance construction. Most municipal notes are general obligations of the issuing entity payable from taxes or designated revenues expected to be received within the relevant fiscal period. Municipal notes generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes can be subdivided into two sub-categories: (i) municipal commercial paper and (ii) municipal demand obligations.
Municipal commercial paper typically consists of very short-term unsecured negotiable promissory notes that are sold, for example, to meet seasonal working capital or interim construction financing needs of a governmental entity or agency. While these obligations are intended to be paid from general revenues or refinanced with long-term debt, they frequently are backed by letters of credit, lending agreements, note repurchase agreements or other credit facility agreements offered by banks or institutions.
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Municipal demand obligations can be subdivided into two general types: variable rate demand notes and master demand obligations. Variable rate demand notes are tax-exempt municipal obligations or participation interests that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the notes. They permit the holder to demand payment of the notes, or to demand purchase of the notes at a purchase price equal to the unpaid principal balance, plus accrued interest either directly by the issuer or by drawing on a bank letter of credit or guaranty issued with respect to such note. The issuer of the municipal obligation may have a corresponding right to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal of the note plus accrued interest upon notice comparable to that required for the holder to demand payment. The variable rate demand notes in which a Fund may invest are payable, or are subject to purchase, on demand usually on notice of seven calendar days or less. The terms of the notes generally provide that interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to six months.
Master demand obligations are tax-exempt municipal obligations that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid and permit daily changes in the amount borrowed. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel for the borrower, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes (but not necessarily for alternative minimum tax purposes). Although there is no secondary market for master demand obligations, such obligations are considered by a Fund to be liquid because they are payable upon demand.
Municipal lease obligations are participations in privately arranged loans to state or local government borrowers. In general, such loans are unrated, in which case they will be determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments that may be acquired by a Fund. Frequently, privately arranged loans have variable interest rates and may be backed by a bank letter of credit. In other cases, they may be unsecured or may be secured by assets not easily liquidated. Moreover, such loans in most cases are not backed by the taxing authority of the issuers and may have limited marketability or may be marketable only by virtue of a provision requiring repayment following demand by the lender.
Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipal issuer to which the government’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation ordinarily is backed by the government’s covenant to budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses that provide that the government has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a periodic basis. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, a Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default likely will be limited to the repossession of the leased property in the event that foreclosure proves difficult.
Tender option bonds are municipal securities having relatively long maturities and bearing interest at a fixed interest rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates that is coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a bank, broker/dealer or other financial institution, to grant the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. The financial institution receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal security’s coupon rate and the rate that would cause the security to trade at face value on the date of determination.
Investing in municipal securities is subject to certain risks. There are variations in the quality of municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, and the rates of return on municipal securities can depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. The ratings of NRSROs represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities. It should be emphasized, however, that these ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and municipal securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different rates of return while municipal securities of the same maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same rate of return.
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The payment of principal and interest on most municipal securities purchased by a Fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuer’s obligations under its municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the United States Bankruptcy Code. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on and principal of its municipal securities may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
There are particular considerations and risks relevant to investing in a portfolio of a single state’s municipal securities, such as the greater risk of the concentration of portfolio holdings.
The Funds ordinarily purchase municipal securities whose interest, in the opinion of bond counsel, is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The opinion of bond counsel may assert that such interest is not an item of tax preference for the purposes of the alternative minimum tax or is exempt from certain state or local taxes. There is no assurance that the applicable taxing authority will agree with this opinion. In the event, for example, the IRS determines that an issuer does not comply with relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued. As a shareholder of the Fund, you may be required to file an amended tax return as a result, reporting such income as taxable.
For more information about the key risks associated with investments in states, see Appendix D.
Participation Interests
Participation interests (also called pass-through certificates or securities) represent an interest in a pool of debt obligations, such as municipal bonds or notes, that have been “packaged” by an intermediary, such as a bank or broker/dealer. Participation interests typically are issued by partnerships or trusts through which a Fund receives principal and interest payments that are passed through to the holder of the participation interest from the payments made on the underlying debt obligations. The purchaser of a participation interest receives an undivided interest in the underlying debt obligations. The issuers of the underlying debt obligations make interest and principal payments to the intermediary, as an initial purchaser, which are passed through to purchasers in the secondary market, such as a Fund. Mortgage-backed securities are a common type of participation interest. Participation interests may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in- kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Loan participations also are a type of participation interest. Loan participations are interests in loans that are administered by a lending bank or agent for a syndicate of lending banks and sold by the bank or syndicate members.
Investing in participation interests is subject to certain risks. Participation interests generally are subject to the credit risk associated with the underlying borrowers. If the underlying borrower defaults, a Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if a Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the borrower. A Fund also may be deemed a creditor of the lending bank or syndicate members and be subject to the risk that the lending bank or syndicate members may become insolvent.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock represents units of ownership of a corporation that frequently have dividends that are set at a specified rate. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. Preferred stock shares some of the characteristics of both debt and equity. Preferred stock ordinarily
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does not carry voting rights. Most preferred stock is cumulative; if dividends are passed (i.e., not paid for any reason), they accumulate and must be paid before common stock dividends. Participating preferred stock entitles its holders to share in profits above and beyond the declared dividend, along with common shareholders, as distinguished from nonparticipating preferred stock, which is limited to the stipulated dividend. Convertible preferred stock is exchangeable for a given number of shares of common stock and thus tends to be more volatile than nonconvertible preferred stock, which generally behaves more like a fixed income bond. Preferred stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Auction preferred stock (APS) is a type of adjustable-rate preferred stock with a dividend determined periodically in a Dutch auction process by corporate bidders. Shares typically are bought and sold at face values generally ranging from $100,000 to $500,000 per share.
In addition to reinvestment risk if interest rates fall, some specific risks with regard to APS include:
• | Failed auction: A breakdown of the auction process can occur. In the event that the process fails, the rate is reset at the maximum applicable rate, which is usually described in the prospectuses and typically is influenced by the issuer’s credit rating. In a failed auction, current shareholders generally are unable to sell some, or all, of the shares when the auction is completed. Typically, the liquidity for APS that have experienced a failed auction becomes very limited. If a failed auction were to occur, the shareholder generally would hold his or her shares until the next auction. Should there not be subsequent auctions that “cure” the failed process, the shareholder may: (1) hold the APS in anticipation of a refinancing by the issuer that would cause the APS to be called, or (2) hold securities either indefinitely or in anticipation of the development of a secondary market. |
• | Early call risk: APS generally is redeemable at any time, usually upon notice, at the issuer’s option, at par plus accrued dividends. |
Investing in preferred stock is subject to certain risks. For example, stock market risk is the risk that the value of such stocks, like the broader stock markets, may decline over short or even extended periods. Domestic and foreign stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods when prices generally rise and periods when prices generally decline. The value of individual stocks will rise and decline based on factors specific to each corporation, such as changes in earnings or management.
Investing in preferred stock also may involve the risks applicable to investing in a particular company. For example, stocks of smaller companies tend to have greater price fluctuations than stocks of larger companies because, among other things, they trade less frequently and in lower volumes, are more susceptible to changes in economic conditions, are more reliant on singular products or services and are more vulnerable to larger competitors. Stocks of these companies may have a higher potential for gains but also are subject to greater risk of loss.
Investing in preferred stock also may involve the risks applicable to investing in a particular industry, such as technology, financial services, consumer goods or natural resources (e.g., oil and gas). To some extent, the prices of stocks tend to move by industry sector. When market conditions favorably affect, or are expected to favorably affect, an industry, the prices of the stocks of companies in that industry tend to rise. Conversely, negative news or a poor outlook for a particular industry can cause the value of those companies’ stock to decline.
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities
Private placement securities are securities that have been privately placed and are not registered under the 1933 Act. They are eligible for sale only to certain eligible investors. Private placements often may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market. Private placement and other
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“restricted” securities often cannot be sold to the public without registration under the 1933 Act or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or they are “not readily marketable” because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale. Asset-backed securities, common stock, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, preferred stock and other types of equity and debt instruments may be privately placed or restricted securities.
Private placements typically may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers (or, in the case of the initial sale of certain securities, such as those issued in collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations, to accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501(a) under the 1933 Act), or in a privately negotiated transaction or to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration.
Investing in private placement and other restricted securities is subject to certain risks. Private placements may be considered illiquid securities. Private placements typically are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such securities, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, a Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when it may be advisable to do so or it may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times, it also may be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing a Fund’s net asset value due to the absence of a trading market.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships
REITs are entities that either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans and also may include operating or finance companies. An equity REIT generally holds equity positions in real estate and seeks to provide its shareholders with income from the leasing of its properties and with capital gains from any sales of properties. A mortgage REIT generally specializes in lending money to owners of properties and passes through any interest income it may earn to its shareholders.
Partnership units of real estate and other types of companies sometimes are organized as master limited partnerships in which ownership interests are publicly traded. Master limited partnerships often own several properties or businesses (or directly own interests) that are related to real estate development and the oil and gas industries, but they also may finance motion pictures, research and development and other projects.
REITs are subject to certain risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, including, for example, declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, and variations in rental income. REITs also may be subject to interest rate risk. In general, increases in interest rates will decrease the value of high-yield securities and increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could decrease the value of a REIT’s investments. In addition, equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of credit extended. Both equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills. REITs also may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, and the possibility of failing to qualify for preferential tax treatment under the Code, which could adversely affect dividend payments. REITs also may not be diversified.
Investing in master limited partnerships generally is subject to the risks applicable to investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation, which may include fewer protections afforded to investors. Additional risks include those associated with the specific industries in which a master limited partnership invests, such as the risks associated with investing in the real estate or oil and gas industries.
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Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund acquires a security for a relatively short period of time subject to the obligation of a seller to repurchase and a Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing a Fund’s cost plus interest). Repurchase agreements also may be viewed as loans made by a Fund that are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. A Fund typically will enter into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks, registered broker/dealers and the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. Such transactions are monitored to ensure that the value of the underlying securities will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including any accrued interest. Repurchase agreements generally are subject to counterparty risk.
If a counterparty defaults, a Fund could realize a loss on the sale of the underlying security to the extent that the proceeds of the sale are less than the resale price provided in the repurchase agreement including interest. In the event that a counterparty fails to perform because it is insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, a Fund’s right to take possession of the underlying securities would be subject to applicable insolvency law and procedure, including an automatic stay (which would preclude immediate enforcement of a Fund’s rights) and exemptions thereto (which would permit a Fund to take possession of the underlying securities or to void a repurchase agreement altogether). Since it is possible that an exemption from the automatic stay would not be available, a Fund might be prevented from immediately enforcing its rights against the counterparty. Accordingly, if a counterparty becomes insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, a Fund may incur delays in or be prevented from liquidating the underlying securities and could experience losses, including the possible decline in value of the underlying securities during the period in which a Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, possible subnormal levels of income or lack of access to income during such time, as well as the costs incurred in enforcing a Fund’s rights. For example, if a Fund enters into a repurchase agreement with a broker that becomes insolvent, it is possible for the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) to institute a liquidation proceeding in federal court against the broker counterparty which could lead to a foreclosure by SIPC of the underlying securities or SIPC may stay, or preclude, a Fund’s ability under contract to terminate the repurchase agreement.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund sells a security subject to the obligation of a buyer to resell and a Fund to repurchase such security at a fixed time and price. Reverse repurchase agreements also may be viewed as borrowings made by a Fund.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities a Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements are techniques involving leverage, and are subject to asset coverage requirements. Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, a Fund is required to maintain an asset coverage (including the proceeds of the borrowings) of at least 300% of all borrowings.
Standby Commitments
Standby commitments are securities under which a purchaser, usually a bank or broker/dealer, agrees to purchase, for a fee, an amount of a Fund’s municipal obligations. The amount payable by a bank or broker/dealer to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment typically will be substantially the same as the value of the underlying municipal securities. A Fund may pay for standby commitments either separately in cash or by paying a higher price for portfolio securities that are acquired subject to such a commitment.
Using standby commitments is subject to certain risks. Standby commitments are subject to the risk that a counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment.
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Stripped Securities
Stripped securities are securities that evidence ownership in either the future interest or principal payments on an instrument. There are many different types and variations of stripped securities. For example, Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS), can be component parts of a U.S. Treasury security where the principal and interest components are traded independently through DTC, a clearing agency registered pursuant to Section 17A of the 1934 Act and created to hold securities for its participants, and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic computerized book-entries, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Treasury Investor Growth Receipts (TIGERs) are U.S. Treasury securities stripped by brokers. Stripped mortgage-backed securities, or SMBS, also can be issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Stripped securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed assets. Common types of SMBS will be structured so that one class receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage-backed assets, while another class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal.
Investing in stripped securities is subject to certain risks. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail fully to recoup its initial investment in such securities. The market value of the class consisting primarily or entirely of principal payments can be especially volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The rates of return on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest are generally higher than prevailing market rates of return on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns also are volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be recouped fully.
U.S. Government and Related Obligations
U.S. Government obligations include U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government or by various instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. Government. U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government differ in their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance, as well as with respect to whether they are guaranteed by the U.S. Government. U.S. Government and related obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
U.S. Government obligations also include senior unsecured debt securities issued between October 14, 2008 and June 30, 2009 by eligible issuers (including U.S. depository institutions insured by the FDIC (and certain affiliates), U.S. bank holding companies and certain U.S. savings and loan holding companies) that are guaranteed by the FDIC under its Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (the “TLGP”). The FDIC’s guarantee under the TLGP will expire upon the earlier of (i) maturity of such security or (ii) June 30, 2012. It is the view of the FDIC and the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that any debt security that is guaranteed by the FDIC under the TLGP and that has a maturity that ends on or before June 30, 2012 would be a security exempt from registration under Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 because such security would be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the FDIC.
Investing in securities guaranteed under the TLGP is subject to certain risks. Given that there is a limited track record for securities guaranteed under the TLGP, it is uncertain whether such securities will continue to trade in line with recent experience in relation to treasury and government agency securities in terms of yield spread and the volatility of such spread and it is uncertain how such securities will trade in the secondary market and whether that market will be liquid or illiquid. The TLGP is a new program that is subject to change. In order
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to collect from the FDIC under the TLGP, a claims process must be followed. Failure to follow the claims process could result in a loss to the right to payment under the guarantee. In addition, guarantee payments by the FDIC under the TLGP may be delayed.
Investing in U.S. Government and related obligations is subject to certain risks. While U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government, securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality and, as a result, may be subject to greater credit risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises historically have involved limited risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, no assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations
Variable- and floating-rate obligations provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate and, under certain circumstances, varying principal amounts. Unlike a fixed interest rate, a variable, or floating, rate is one that rises and declines based on the movement of an underlying index of interest rates and may pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula. Asset-backed securities, bank obligations, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as variable- and floating-rate obligations.
Investing in variable- and floating-rate obligations is subject to certain risks. Variable- and floating-rate obligations may involve direct lending arrangements between the purchaser and the issuer and there may be no active secondary market, making it difficult to resell such obligations to a third party. Variable- and floating-rate obligations also may be subject to interest rate and credit risks. Changes in interest rates can affect the rate of return on such obligations. If an issuer of a variable- or floating-rate obligation defaults, a Fund could sustain a loss to the extent of such default.
Warrants and Rights
Warrants and rights are types of securities that give a holder a right to purchase shares of common stock. Warrants usually are issued together with a bond or preferred stock and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price typically for a period of years. Rights usually have a specified purchase price that is lower than the current market price and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock typically for a period of only weeks. Warrants may be used to enhance the marketability of a bond or preferred stock.
Warrants and rights may be subject to the risk that the securities could lose value. There also is the risk that the potential exercise price may exceed the market price of the warrants or rights, such as when there is no movement in the market price or the market price of such securities declines.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by a Fund, with payment and delivery taking place in the future. When engaging in when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, a Fund typically will hold cash or liquid securities in a segregated account in an amount equal to or greater than the purchase price. The payment obligation and, if applicable, the interest rate that will be received on the securities, are fixed at the time that a Fund agrees to purchase the securities. A Fund generally will enter into when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment
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transactions only with the intention of completing such transactions. However, the Adviser may determine not to complete a transaction if it deems it appropriate. In such cases, a Fund may realize short-term gains or losses.
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the risks that the securities purchased may fall in value by the time they actually are issued or that the other party may fail to honor the contract terms. A Fund that invests in delayed delivery securities may rely on a third party to complete the transaction. Failure by a third party to deliver a security purchased on a delayed delivery basis may result in a financial loss to a Fund or the loss of an opportunity to make an alternative investment.
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities
Zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities are types of debt instruments that do not necessarily make payments of interest in fixed amounts or at fixed intervals. Asset-backed securities, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities.
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest on a current basis but instead accrue interest over the life of the security. These securities include, among others, zero-coupon bonds, which either may be issued at a discount by a corporation or government entity or may be created by a brokerage firm when it strips the coupons from a bond or note and then sells the bond or note and the coupon separately. This technique is used frequently with U.S. Treasury bonds, and zero-coupon securities are marketed under such names as CATS (Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities), TIGERs or STRIPS. Zero-coupon bonds also are issued by municipalities. Buying a municipal zero-coupon bond frees its purchaser of the obligation to pay regular federal income tax on imputed interest, since the interest is exempt for regular federal income tax purposes. Zero-coupon certificates of deposit and zero-coupon mortgages are generally structured in the same fashion as zero-coupon bonds; the certificate of deposit holder or mortgage holder receives face value at maturity and no payments until then.
Pay-in-kind securities normally give the issuer an option to pay cash at a coupon payment date or to give the holder of the security a similar security with the same coupon rate and a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made.
Step-coupon securities trade at a discount from their face value and pay coupon interest. The coupon rate is paid according to a schedule for a series of periods, typically lower for an initial period and then increasing to a higher coupon rate thereafter. The discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issue.
Zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities holders generally have substantially all the rights and privileges of holders of the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations. Holders of these securities have the right upon default on the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations to proceed directly and individually against the issuer and are not required to act in concert with other holders of such securities.
Investing in zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities is subject to certain risks, including that market prices of zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities generally are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash, and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities.
Because zero-coupon securities bear no interest, they are volatile. Since zero-coupon bondholders do not receive interest payments, zero-coupon securities fall more dramatically than bonds paying interest on a current basis when interest rates rise. However, when interest rates fall, zero-coupon securities rise more rapidly in value than interest paying bonds.
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Each Fund has a fundamental policy with respect to borrowing that can be found under the heading About the Funds’ Investments – Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies. Specifically, each Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Funds. In general, pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund may borrow money only from banks in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed this amount must be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation.
The Funds participate in a committed line of credit (Line of Credit). Any advance under the Line of Credit is contemplated primarily for temporary or emergency purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests that otherwise might require the untimely sale of portfolio securities.
Pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC, a Fund may, subject to certain conditions, borrow money from or lend money to other funds in the Columbia Funds Family or any other registered investment company advised by the Adviser or its affiliates for temporary emergency purposes in order to facilitate redemption requests, or for other purposes consistent with Fund investment policies and restrictions. All loans are set at an interest rate between the rates charged on overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans.
A Fund may sometimes sell securities short when it owns an equal amount of such securities as those securities sold short. This is a technique known as selling short “against the box.” If a Fund makes a short sale “against the box,” it would not immediately deliver the securities sold and would not receive the proceeds from the sale. The seller is said to have a short position in the securities sold until it delivers the securities sold, at which time it receives the proceeds of the sale. To secure its obligation to deliver securities sold short, a Fund will deposit in escrow in a separate account with the custodian an equal amount of the securities sold short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such securities. A Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and delivering an equal amount of the securities sold short, rather than by delivering securities already held by a Fund, because a Fund might want to continue to receive interest and dividend payments on securities in its portfolio that are convertible into the securities sold short.
Short sales “against the box” entail many of the same risks and considerations described above regarding short sales not “against the box.” However, when a Fund sells short “against the box” it typically limits the amount of securities that it has leveraged. A Fund’s decision to make a short sale “against the box” may be a technique to hedge against market risks when the Adviser believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by a Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In such case, any future losses in a Fund’s long position would be reduced by a gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in the long position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short relative to the amount of the securities a Fund owns, either directly or indirectly, and, in the case where a Fund owns convertible securities, changes in the investment values or conversion premiums of such securities. Short sales may have adverse tax consequences to a Fund and its shareholders.
Subject to its fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies, a Fund may engage in short sales that are not “against the box,” which are sales by a Fund of securities or commodity futures contracts that it does not own in hopes of purchasing the same security at a later date at a lower price. The technique is also used to protect a profit in a long-term position in a security or commodity futures contract. To make delivery to the buyer, a Fund must borrow or purchase the security. If borrowed, a Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed from the third party, so a Fund must purchase the security at the market price at a later time. If the price of the security has increased during this time, then a Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price of
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the security from the time of the short sale plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. (Until the security is replaced, a Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, a Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.)
Short sales by a Fund that are not made “against the box” create opportunities to increase a Fund’s return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique. Because a Fund in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, a Fund’s NAV per share tends to increase more when the securities it has sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has sold short increase in value, than if it had not engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or interest a Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale. Short sales could potentially involve unlimited loss, as the market price of securities sold short may continually increase, although a Fund can mitigate any such losses by replacing the securities sold short. Under adverse market conditions, a Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. There is also the risk that the third party to the short sale may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to a Fund.
A Fund’s successful use of short sales also will be subject to the ability of the Adviser to predict movements in the directions of the relevant market. A Fund therefore bears the risk that the Adviser will incorrectly predict future price directions. In addition, if a Fund sells a security short, and that security’s price goes up, a Fund will have to make up the margin on its open position (i.e., purchase more securities on the market to cover the position). It may be unable to do so and thus its position may not be closed out. There can be no assurance that a Fund will not incur significant losses in such a case.
In the view of the SEC, a short sale involves the creation of a “senior security” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, unless the sale is “against the box” and the securities sold short are placed in a segregated account (not with the broker), or unless a Fund’s obligation to deliver the securities sold short is “covered” by placing in a segregated account (not with the broker) cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities in an amount equal to the difference between the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale and any such collateral required to be deposited with a broker in connection with the sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale), which difference is adjusted daily for changes in the value of the securities sold short. The total value of the cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities deposited with the broker and otherwise segregated may not at any time be less than the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale.
Securities lending refers to the lending of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Subject to its investment policies described above and in the prospectuses, the Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities to broker/dealers and other institutional investors. Securities loans by the Fund are made pursuant to agreements that require that loans be secured continuously by collateral in cash. The Fund retains all or a portion of the income received on investment of cash collateral. A borrower will pay to the Fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on securities loaned, but the borrower typically will receive a portion of the income earned on investments of cash collateral. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with respect to loaned securities pass to a borrower, the Fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice, and may do so in order to vote upon matters affecting, or to sell, the loaned securities.
The Fund typically invests the cash collateral it receives in connection with its securities lending program directly or indirectly in high quality, short-term investments. The Fund may invest some or all of such cash
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collateral in one or more pooled investment vehicles, including, among other vehicles, money market funds managed by the Fund’s securities lending agent or its affiliates. The securities lending agent shares in any income resulting from the investment of such cash collateral, and an affiliate of the securities lending agent receives asset-based fees for the management of such pooled investment vehicles, which may create a conflict of interest between the securities lending agent (or its affiliate) and the Fund with respect to the management of such cash collateral.
Engaging in securities lending is subject to certain risks, including counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty to a transaction could default. There also is a risk of possible delay in the recovery of loaned securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral if a borrower fails financially.
A change in the securities held by a Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” High portfolio turnover (e.g., over 100%) involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales may also result in adverse tax consequences to a Fund’s shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance.
For each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate, see the Fees and Expenses of the Fund — Portfolio Turnover section in the prospectuses for that Fund.
In any particular year, market conditions may result in greater rates than are presently anticipated. The rate of a Fund’s turnover may vary significantly from time to time depending on the volatility of economic and market conditions.
Disclosure of Portfolio Information
The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each Fund’s portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that disclosure of information regarding a Fund’s portfolio securities is in the best interests of Fund shareholders and to address conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Fund, on the other. These policies and procedures provide that a Fund’s portfolio holdings information generally may not be disclosed to any party prior to the earlier of: (i) the business day next following the posting of such information on the Columbia Funds’ website, if applicable, or (ii) the time a Fund discloses the information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information. Certain limited exceptions that have been approved consistent with the policies and procedures are described below. The Board is updated as needed regarding compliance with these policies and procedures. The policies and procedures prohibit the Adviser and a Fund’s other service providers from entering into any agreement to disclose Fund portfolio holdings information in exchange for any form of consideration. The same policies and procedures apply to all categories of Columbia Funds and include some variations tailored to the different categories of Columbia Funds. Accordingly, some of the provisions described below do not apply to the Columbia Funds covered by this SAI. The Adviser also has adopted policies and procedures to monitor for compliance with these portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
The Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings are currently disclosed to the public through required filings with the SEC and on the Columbia Funds’ website. This information is available on the Columbia Funds’ website as described below.
• | For equity, convertible, balanced and asset allocation Columbia Funds, other than small cap and specialty Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month-end is posted approximately but no earlier than 15 calendar days after such month-end. |
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• | For small cap and specialty Columbia Funds and those Columbia Funds that are sub-advised by Marsico and Brandes, subadvisers for certain Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month end is posted approximately but no earlier than 30 calendar days after such month-end. |
• | For fixed-income funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a calendar quarter-end is posted approximately but no earlier than 30 calendar days after such quarter-end. |
• | For money market funds, a complete list of fund portfolio holdings as of month-end are posted on the Columbia Funds’ website on a monthly basis, approximately five business days after such month-end. Commencing with the month-end holdings as of September 2010 and thereafter, such month-end holdings will be continuously available on the website for at least six months, together with a link to an SEC webpage where a user of the website may obtain access to the fund’s most recent 12 months of publicly available filings on Form N-MFP. Additionally, as of September 2010 and thereafter, money market fund portfolio holdings information posted on the website will, at minimum, include with respect to each holding, the name of the issuer, the category of investment (e.g., Treasury debt, government agency debt, asset backed commercial paper, structured investment vehicle note), the CUSIP number (if any), the principal amount, the maturity date (as determined under Rule 2a-7 for purposes of calculating weighted average maturity), the final maturity date (if different from the maturity date previously described), coupon or yield and the amortized cost value. The money market funds will also disclose on the website the overall weighted average maturity and weighted average life maturity of a holding. |
The Adviser makes publicly available information regarding certain Columbia Fund’s largest five to fifteen holdings, as a percent of the market value of the Columbia Funds’ portfolios as of a month-end. This holdings information is made publicly available through the website generally no earlier than fifteen (15) days following the month-end.
The Adviser may also disclose more current portfolio holdings information as of specified dates on the Columbia Funds’ website.
The scope of the information that is made available on the Columbia Funds’ website pursuant to the Columbia Funds’ policies relating to a Columbia Fund’s portfolio may change from time to time without prior notice. The Columbia Funds file their portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semi-annual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of each Columbia Fund’s fiscal year). Shareholders may obtain each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, a link to which is provided on the Columbia Funds’ website. In addition, each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 202.551.8090 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the public reference room.
The Columbia Funds, the Adviser and their affiliates may include portfolio holdings information that already has been made public through a website posting or SEC filing in marketing literature and other communications to shareholders, advisors or other parties, provided that the information is disclosed no earlier than the business day after the date the information is disclosed publicly on the Columbia Funds’ website or no earlier than the time a Columbia Fund files such information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information.
Other Disclosures
The Columbia Funds’ policies and procedures provide that no disclosures of the Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings may be made prior to the portfolio holdings information being made public unless (i) the Columbia Funds have a legitimate business purpose for making such disclosure, (ii) the Columbia Funds’ President authorizes such non-public disclosure of information, and (iii) the party receiving the non-public information enters into an appropriate confidentiality agreement or is otherwise subject to a confidentiality obligation.
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In determining the existence of a legitimate business purpose for making portfolio disclosures, the following factors, among others, are considered: (i) any prior disclosure must be consistent with the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties of the Adviser; (ii) any conflicts of interest between the interests of Columbia Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Columbia Fund, on the other; and (iii) any prior disclosure to a third party, although subject to a confidentiality agreement, would not make conduct lawful that otherwise is unlawful.
In addition, the Columbia Funds periodically disclose their portfolio information on a confidential basis to various service providers that require such information to assist the Columbia Funds with their day-to-day business affairs. In addition to the Adviser and its affiliates, these service providers include each Columbia Fund’s subadviser(s) (if any), the Columbia Funds’ custodian, sub-custodians, independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel, financial printers, proxy solicitor and proxy voting service provider, as well as ratings agencies that maintain ratings on certain Columbia Funds. These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the Columbia Funds. The Columbia Funds also may disclose portfolio holdings information to broker/dealers and certain other entities in connection with potential transactions and management of the Columbia Funds, provided that reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
Each Columbia Fund’s Board has adopted policies to ensure that the Columbia Fund’s holdings information is only disclosed in accordance with these policies. Before any selective disclosure of holdings information is permitted, the person seeking to disclose such holdings information must submit a written request to the Portfolio Holdings Committee (“PHC”). The PHC is comprised of members from the Adviser’s legal department, the Adviser’s compliance department, and the Columbia Funds’ President. The PHC has been authorized by each Columbia Fund’s Board to perform an initial review of requests for disclosure of holdings information to evaluate whether there is a legitimate business purpose for selective disclosure, whether selective disclosure is in the best interests of a fund and its shareholders, to consider any potential conflicts of interest between the fund, the investment adviser, and its affiliates, and to safeguard against improper use of holdings information. Factors considered in this analysis are whether the recipient has agreed to or has a duty to keep the holdings information confidential and whether risks have been mitigated such that the recipient has agreed or has a duty to use the holdings information only as necessary to effectuate the purpose for which selective disclosure was authorized, including a duty not to trade on such information. Before portfolio holdings may be selectively disclosed, requests approved by the PHC must also be authorized by either the Columbia Fund’s President, Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel or their respective designees. On at least an annual basis, the PHC reviews the approved recipients of selective disclosure and may require a resubmission of the request, in order to re-authorize certain ongoing arrangements. These procedures are intended to be reasonably designed to protect the confidentiality of fund holdings information and to prohibit their release to individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries that distribute the Columbia Funds’ shares, and other parties, until such holdings information is made public or unless such persons have been authorized to receive such holdings information on a selective basis, as set forth above.
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The Columbia Funds currently have ongoing arrangements with certain approved recipients with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings information prior to such information being made public. Portfolio holdings information disclosed to such recipients is current as of the time of its disclosure, is disclosed to each recipient solely for purposes consistent with the services described below and has been authorized by the Columbia Funds’ President. These special arrangements are described in the table below.
Ongoing Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Arrangements
IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS ON | FREQUENCY OF DISCLOSURE | |||||
Standard & Poor’s | None | Use to maintain ratings for certain money market funds. | Weekly | |||||
InvestorTools, Inc. | None | Access granted solely for the purpose of testing back office conversion of trading systems. | Real time | |||||
ING Insurance Company | None | Access granted for specific Columbia Funds for ING’s creation of client/shareholder materials. ING may not distribute materials until the holdings information is made public. | Quarterly | |||||
Glass-Lewis & Co. | None | Access in connection with testing the firm’s proxy services. | Daily | |||||
CMS Bondedge | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with application used by the Adviser’s Fixed Income Portfolio Management team as an analytical and trading tool. | Ad hoc | |||||
Linedata Services, Inc. | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with the software for the LongView Trade Order Management System. | Ad hoc | |||||
JP Morgan | None | Access to provide the Adviser’s High Yield portfolio management team with peer group analysis reports for purposes of analyzing the portfolio. | Monthly | |||||
Malaspina Communications | None | Use to facilitate writing, publishing and mailing Columbia Fund shareholder reports and communications including shareholder letters and management’s discussion of Columbia Fund performance. | Quarterly | |||||
Evare LLP | None | Use for standardizing and reformatting data according to the Adviser’s specifications for use in the reconciliation process. | Daily |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS ON | FREQUENCY OF DISCLOSURE | |||||
FactSet Research Systems, Inc. | None | Use for provision of quantitative analytics, charting and fundamental data to the Adviser and Marsico, subadviser to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||||
RR Donnelley/WE Andrews | None | Access as printers for the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs, fact sheets and brochures. | Monthly | |||||
Merrill Corporation | None | Use to provide fulfillment of the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs and sales materials. | Monthly | |||||
Citigroup | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with Yield Book, an analytic software program that the Adviser uses to perform ongoing risk analysis and management of certain fixed income Columbia Funds and fixed income separately managed accounts. | Daily | |||||
Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) | None | Proxy voting administration and research on proxy matters utilized by MacKay Shields LLC, subadviser for certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||||
Cogent Consulting LLC | None | Utilized by Marsico, subadviser for certain Columbia Funds, to facilitate the evaluation of commission rates and to provide flexible commission reporting. | Daily | |||||
Moody’s | None | Ongoing portfolio surveillance for ratings it maintains on certain money market funds. | Monthly | |||||
Kynex | None | Use to provide portfolio attribution reports. | Daily | |||||
Bowne & Co. | None | Use for printing of the following materials: prospectuses, supplements and SAIs. | Monthly/ quarterly | |||||
Bloomberg | None | Use for portfolio analytics. | Daily | |||||
Barclays Point | None | Use for analytics including risk and attribution assessment. | Daily | |||||
Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. | None | Proxy voting and research utilized by Marsico, subadviser to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS ON | FREQUENCY OF DISCLOSURE | |||||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Macgregor) | None | Order management system utilized by Marsico, subadviser for certain Columbia Funds that stores trading data and is used for trading and compliance purposes. | Ad hoc | |||||
Advent/AXP | None | Portfolio accounting system utilized by Marsico, subadviser to certain Columbia Funds, for both portfolio accounting and internal recordkeeping purposes. | Ad hoc | |||||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Plexus Group) | None | Evaluation and assessment of trading activity, execution and practices by the Adviser. | Five days after quarter-end | |||||
BANA and State Street | None | Credit analysis performed by lenders. | Ad hoc | |||||
State Street | None | Use to provide custodian services. | Real time | |||||
Lipper | None | Use to create metrics for board and executive management reporting, product and marketing analysis, and fund performance. | Daily | |||||
Morningstar, Inc. | None | Use for independent research and ranking of Columbia Funds. | Daily |
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INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
The Adviser and Investment Advisory Services
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly, RiverSource Investments, LLC) (the Adviser) is the investment adviser and administrator of the Funds. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. Ameriprise Financial is located at 1099 Ameriprise Financial Center, Minneapolis, MN 55474. The Adviser is located at 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110. Prior to May 1, 2010, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (the Previous Adviser), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of America, was the Funds’ investment adviser and administrator.
Services Provided
Under the Investment Management Services Agreement, the Adviser has contracted to furnish each Fund with investment research and advice. For these services, each Fund pays a monthly fee to the Adviser based on the average of the daily closing value of the total net assets of a Fund for such month. Under the Investment Management Services Agreement, any liability of the Adviser to the Trust, a Fund and/or its shareholders is limited to situations involving the Adviser’s own willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence in the performance of its duties or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
The Investment Management Services Agreement may be terminated with respect to a Fund at any time on 60 days’ written notice by the Adviser or by the Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund. The Investment Management Services Agreement will automatically terminate upon any assignment thereof, will continue in effect for two years from May 1, 2010 and thereafter will continue from year to year with respect to a Fund only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Adviser or the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Adviser pays all compensation of the Trustees and officers of the Trust who are employees of the Adviser, except for the Chief Compliance Officer, a portion of whose salary is paid by the Columbia Funds. Except to the extent expressly assumed by the Adviser and except to the extent required by law to be paid or reimbursed by the Adviser, the Adviser does not have a duty to pay any Fund operating expense incurred in the organization and operation of a Fund, including, but not limited to, auditing, legal, custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses. The Trust pays the cost of printing and mailing Fund prospectuses to shareholders.
The Adviser, at its own expense, provides office space, facilities and supplies, equipment and personnel for the performance of its functions under each Fund’s Investment Management Services Agreement.
Advisory Fee Rates Paid by the Funds
Each Fund pays the Adviser an annual fee for its investment advisory services, as set forth in the Investment Management Services Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Fees and Expenses of the Fund – Annual Fund Operating Expenses in each Fund’s prospectuses. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund and is paid monthly. The Adviser also may pay amounts from its own assets to the Distributor and/or to selling and/or servicing agents for services they provide.
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The Adviser receives a monthly investment advisory fee based on each Fund’s average daily net assets at the following annual rates:
Fund | First $500 million | Next $500 million | Next $500 million | Next $1.5 billion | Next $3 billion | In excess of $6 billion | ||||||||||||||||||
Bond Fund | 0.65 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.53 | % | 0.51 | % | ||||||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | 0.42 | % | 0.375 | % | 0.37 | % | 0.34 | % | 0.33 | % | 0.32 | % | ||||||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.53 | % | 0.51 | % | ||||||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | 0.60 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.45 | % | 0.43 | % | ||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | 0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.30 | % | 0.29 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.27 | % | ||||||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | 0.75 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.67 | % | 0.62 | % | 0.57 | % | 0.52 | % | ||||||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | 0.75 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.45 | % | 0.43 | % |
Fund | All assets | |||
Balanced Fund | 0.50 | % | ||
Real Estate Equity Fund | 0.75 | % | ||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | 0.10 | % |
Fund | First $1 billion | Next $2 billion | In excess of $3 billion | |||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | 0.50 | % | 0.45 | % | 0.40 | % |
Fund | First $500 million | Next $500 million | Next $500 million | In excess of $1.5 billion | ||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.49 | % | ||||||||
International Bond Fund | 0.55 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.44 | % | ||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | 0.82 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.67 | % | ||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.49 | % |
Fund | First $750 million | Next $250 million | Next $500 million | Next $1.5 billion | Next $3 billion | In excess of $6 billion | ||||||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | 1.15 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.67 | % | 0.62 | % | 0.57 | % | 0.52 | % |
Fund | First $100 million | Next $100 million | In excess of $200 million | |||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | 0.450 | % | 0.425 | % | 0.400 | % |
Fund | First $200 million | Next $300 million | In excess of $500 million | |||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | 0.700 | % | 0.575 | % | 0.450 | % |
Fund | First $500 million | Next $500 million | Next $500 million | Next $500 million | In excess of $2 billion | |||||||||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | 0.75 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % |
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Fund | First $500 million | Next $500 million | In excess of $1 billion | |||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | 0.87 | % | 0.82 | % | 0.77 | % | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | 0.80 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.70 | % | ||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | 0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.50 | % |
Fund | First $10 billion | In excess of $10 billion | ||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | 0.60 | % | 0.43 | % |
Advisory Fees Paid by the Funds
The Adviser and the Previous Adviser received fees from the Funds for their services as reflected in the following charts, which show the advisory fees paid to and, as applicable, waived/reimbursed by the Adviser and the Previous Adviser, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 3,555,388 | $ | 3,357,269 | $ | 3,573,130 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 1,762,911 | $ | 968,294 | $ | 981,002 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,172,793 | $ | 2,165,208 | $ | 2,762,711 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 4,059,904 | $ | 6,822,851 | $ | 15,695,279 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 133,614 | $ | 710,637 | — | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 3,382,995 | $ | 3,524,919 | $ | 4,061,431 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 6,768,041 | $ | 7,167,840 | $ | 7,648,763 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 219,007 | $ | 634,182 | $ | 1,872,501 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 131,463 | $ | 37,003 | — | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 10,061,635 | $ | 7,032,799 | $ | 6,446,350 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 374,018 | $ | 360,167 | $ | 183,771 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 659,969 | $ | 380,634 | $ | 163,118 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 38,153,435 | $ | 45,997,660 | $ | 54,318,105 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Adviser | Previous Adviser | ||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 167,714 | $ | 1,881,734 | $ | 1,848,657 | $ | 2,186,530 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 57,327 | $ | 83,858 | — | $ | 19,549 | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $949,914 | $10,224,619 | $ | 9,937,336 | $ | 10,213,556 | ||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Period Ended | |||||||||||
Fund | Adviser | Previous Adviser | May 31, 2009* | |||||||||
International Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 7,487 | $ | 69,573 | $ | 20,485 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 25,747 | $ | 124,507 | $ | 142,545 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Adviser | Previous Adviser | ||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 524,787 | $ | 2,361,306 | $ | 2,421,629 | $ | 3,036,689 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,883,799 | $ | 7,793,816 | $ | 6,138,109 | $ | 7,336,126 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 20101 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Adviser | Previous Adviser | ||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 516,594 | $ | 875,889 | $ | 884,961 | $ | 1,038,397 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
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Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 20101 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Adviser | Previous Adviser | ||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,977,727 | $ | 5,939,170 | $ | 7,193,675 | $ | 11,479,270 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,371,009 | $ | 4,158,194 | $ | 3,216,309 | $ | 2,697,664 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | $ | 109,017 | — | |||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,486,665 | $ | 3,136,677 | $ | 4,131,661 | $ | 6,613,337 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 407,410 | $ | 989,742 | $ | 1,606,165 | $ | 294,451 | ||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
1 | Unaudited. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2007* | |||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,110,310 | $ | 2,721,935 | $ | 3,104,656 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 318,233 | $ | 382,426 | $ | 411,079 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 8,227,244 | $ | 7,520,664 | $ | 7,151,747 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 791,034 | $ | 591,255 | $ | 725,253 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 5,877,711 | $ | 8,656,167 | $ | 9,179,749 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 3,382,545 | $ | 6,765,818 | $ | 9,376,432 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007* | |||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 462,542 | $ | 524,477 | $ | 588,869 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | $ | 157,165 | $ | 160,592 | $ | 158,586 | ||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
Fund | Fiscal Period Ended December 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 686,031 | $ | 1,670,236 | $ | 2,487,144 | $ | 4,576,982 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Adviser. |
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Portfolio Manager(s)
The following provides additional information about the portfolio manager(s) of the Adviser who are responsible for making the day-to-day investment decisions for the Funds. As described in the Management of the Fund – Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectuses, the portfolio manager(s) of the Adviser who are responsible for the Funds are:
Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
Leonard A. Aplet, CFA | Balanced Fund | |
Stephen D. Barbaro, CFA | Small Cap Value Fund I | |
Robert B. Cameron | Emerging Markets Fund | |
Catherine Stienstra | Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Richard A. Carter | Select Large Cap Growth Fund | |
Wayne M. Collette, CFA | Mid Cap Growth Fund Small Cap Growth Fund I | |
Richard E. Dahlberg, CFA | Dividend Income Fund | |
Richard G. D’Auteuil | Small Cap Core Fund | |
Scott L. Davis | Dividend Income Fund | |
Peter R. Deininger | Large Cap Growth Fund | |
Chad H. Farrington, CFA | High Yield Municipal Fund | |
William Finan | U.S. Treasury Index Fund | |
Thomas M. Galvin, CFA | Select Large Cap Growth Fund | |
Emil A. Gjester | Strategic Investor Fund | |
Todd D. Herget | Select Large Cap Growth Fund | |
Jeffrey Hershey, CFA | Small Cap Core Fund | |
Michael E. Hoover | Energy and Natural Resources Fund | |
Jasmine (Weili) Huang, CFA, CPA (U.S. and China), CFM | Emerging Markets Fund Pacific/Asia Fund | |
Arthur J. Hurley, CFA | Real Estate Equity Fund | |
Orhan Imer, PhD, CFA | U.S. Treasury Index Fund | |
Jeremy Javidi, CFA | Small Cap Value Fund I | |
Brian Lavin, CFA | Balanced Fund Corporate Income Fund High Yield Opportunity Fund Intermediate Bond Fund Strategic Income Fund | |
Lawrence W. Lin, CFA | Mid Cap Growth Fund Small Cap Growth Fund I | |
Colin J. Lundgren, CFA | Strategic Income Fund | |
George J. Myers, CFA | Mid Cap Growth Fund Small Cap Growth Fund I | |
Brian D. Neigut | Mid Cap Growth Fund Small Cap Growth Fund I | |
Daisuke Nomoto, CMA (SAAJ) | Pacific/Asia Fund | |
Jonas Patrikson, CFA | Strategic Investor Fund | |
Carl W. Pappo, CFA | Bond Fund Corporate Income Fund Intermediate Bond | |
Nicholas Pifer, CFA | International Bond Fund | |
Jennifer Ponce de Leon | High Yield Opportunity Fund | |
Guy W. Pope, CFA | Balanced Fund Contrarian Core Fund Value and Restructuring Fund |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | |
Alexander D. Powers | Bond Fund Intermediate Bond Fund | |
J. Nicholas Smith, CFA | Value and Restructuring Fund | |
Ronald B. Stahl, CFA | Balanced Fund | |
Gene R. Tannuzzo, CFA | Strategic Income Fund | |
Mary-Ann Ward | Strategic Investor Fund | |
Michael T. Welter, CFA | Strategic Investor Fund | |
Dara J. White, CFA | Emerging Markets Fund | |
David J. Williams, CFA | Value and Restructuring Fund | |
John T. Wilson, CFA | Large Cap Growth Fund | |
Michael Zazzarino | Bond Fund Intermediate Bond Fund |
Portfolio Manager(s) Information
The following table provides information about each Fund’s portfolio manager(s) as of the end of the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, or as indicated, the most recent practicable date including the number and amount of assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the portfolio manager(s) managed.
Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type | Approximate | Performance | Dollar | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending March 31 | ||||||||||||
Bond Fund | Carl W. Pappo, CFA | 5 RICs 3 other accounts | $5.65 billion $850,000 | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Alexander D. Powers | 2 RICs 7 PIVs 17 other accounts | $2.79 billion $2.1 billion $1.1 billion | None | $10,001- $50,000a $1- 10,000b | (1) | |||||||
Michael Zazzarino | 5 RICs 9 PIVs 9 other accounts | $4.193 billion $2.636 billion $192.2 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Corporate Income Fund | Brian Lavin, CFA1 | 2 RICs 1 PIV 4 other accounts | $2.92 billion $9.56 million $766.77 million | None | None | (2) | ||||||
Carl W. Pappo, CFA | 4 RICs 3 other accounts | $5.1 billion $850,000 | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | Robert B. Cameron | 1 PIV 5 other accounts | $61.4 million $930,000 | None | $1- $10,000b | (1) | ||||||
Jasmine (Weili) Huang, CFA, CPA (U.S. and China), CFM | 7 RICs 4 PIVs 4 other accounts | $646.2 million $634.7 million $200,000 | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Dara J. White, CFA | 1 PIV 9 other accounts | $61.4 million $405,000 | None | $1- $10,000a $10,001- $50,000b | (1) | |||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | Michael E. Hoover | 3 PIVs 3 other accounts | $689.7 million $741,342 | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | Brian Lavin, CFA1 | 2 RICs 1 PIV 4 other accounts | $2.92 billion $9.56 million $766.77 million | None | None | (2) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type | Approximate | Performance | Dollar | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
Carl W. Pappo, CFA | 4 RICs 3 other accounts | $3.45 billion $850,000 | None | $50,001- $100,000a | (1) | |||||||
Alexander D. Powers | 3 RICs 7 PIVs 17 other accounts | $3.4 billion $2.1 billion $1.1 billion | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Michael Zazzarino | 5 RICs 9 PIVs 9 other accounts | $2.61 billion $2.64 billion $192.2 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | Jasmine (Weili) Huang, CFA, CPA (U.S. and China), CFM | 7 RICs 4 PIVs 4 other accounts | $1.02 billion $634.7 million $200,000 | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Daisuke Nomoto, CMA (SAAJ) | 4 RICs 3 PIVs 2 other accounts | $490.8 million $578.7 million $200,000 | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | Richard A. Carter | 1 RIC 1 PIV 2,389 other accounts | $4 million $43 million $1.5 billion | 1 Other ($175 M) | $50,001- $100,000a $1- $10,000b | (1) | ||||||
Thomas M. Galvin, CFA | 1 RIC 1 PIV 2,389 other accounts | $4 million $43 million $1.5 billion | 1 Other ($175 M) | Over $1,000,000 | (1) | |||||||
Todd D. Herget | 1 PIV 2,389 other accounts | $43 million $1.5 billion | 1 Other ($175 M) | $50,001- $100,000a | (1) | |||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | William Finan | 5 other accounts | $1 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||
Orhan Imer, PhD, CFA | 6 other accounts | $150,000 | None | None | (1) | |||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | Guy W. Pope, CFA | 5 RICs 1,927 other accounts | $1.76 billion $2.29 billion | None | $1- $10,000a $1- $10,000b | (1) | ||||||
J. Nicholas Smith, CFA | 3 RICs 1,883 other accounts | $924.6 million $2.01 billion | None | $10,001- $50,000a | (1) | |||||||
David J. Williams, CFA | 3 RICs 1,919 other accounts | $924.6 million $2.08 billion | None | $100,001- $500,000a | (1) | |||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending May 31 | ||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | Brian Lavin, CFA | 12 RICs 1 PIV 3 other accounts | $10.312 billion $9.331 million $683.335 million | None | None | (2) | ||||||
Jennifer Ponce de Leon | 12 RICs 1 PIV 27 other accounts | $17.640 billion $9.331 million $4.578 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
International Bond Fund | Nicholas Pifer, CFA2 | 5 RICs 4 PIV 17 other accounts | $5.05 billion $113.33 million $4.62 billion | None | None | (2) | ||||||
Strategic Income Fund | Brian Lavin, CFA | 12 RICs 1 PIV 3 other accounts | $8.61 billion $9.331 million $683.335 million | None | None | (2) | ||||||
Colin J. Lundgren, CFA | 21 RICs 9 other accounts | $40.761 billion $274.15 million | 2 RICs ($527.4 M) | None | (2) | |||||||
Gene R. Tannuzzo, CFA | 10 RICs 2 other accounts | $25.657 billion $0.08 million | None | (2) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type | Approximate | Performance | Dollar | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending June 30 | ||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | Chad H. Farrington | 8 other accounts | $194,000 | None | $1-$10,000b | (1) | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | Stephen D. Barbaro, CFA | 5 RICs 1 PIV 13 other accounts | $433 million $30 million $57 million | None | $1- $10,000a $10,001 - $50,000b | (1) | ||||||
Jeremy Javidi, CFA | 5 RICs 1 PIV 14 other accounts | $433 million $30 million $54 million | None | $100,001- $500,000a $1 - $10,000b | (1) | |||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending August 31 | ||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | Leonard A. Aplet, CFA | 10 RICs 8 PIVs 85 other accounts | $2.8 billion $3.555 billion $10.9 billion | None | $10,001 - $50,000 a | (1) | ||||||
Brian Lavin, CFA | 12 RICs 1 PIV 3 other accounts | $9.907 billion $10.48 million $684.84 million | None | None | (2) | |||||||
Guy W. Pope, CFA | 4 RICs 1,825 other accounts | $6.976 billion $1.007 billion | None | $100,001 - $500,000 a | (1) | |||||||
Ronald B. Stahl, CFA | 10 RICs 6 PIVs 53 other accounts | $2.8 billion $785.7 million $3.879 billion | None | $10,001 - $50,000 a | (1) | |||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | Wayne M. Collette, CFA | 9 RICs 2 PIVs 191 other accounts | $1.5 billion $168.61 million $240 million | None | $10,001 - $50,000b | (1) | ||||||
Lawrence W. Lin, CFA | 7 RICs 2 PIVs 184 other accounts | $1.178 billion $168.61 million $178.61 million | None | $1- $10,000 | (1) | |||||||
George J. Myers, CFA | 7 RICs 2 PIVs 182 other accounts | $1.178 billion $168.61 million $178.6 million | None | $10,001 - $50,000 a $10,001 - $50,000 b | (1) | |||||||
Brian D. Neigut | 7 RICs 2 PIVs 184 other accounts | $1.178 billion $168.61 million $178.61 million | None | $1- $10,000a $1- $10,000b | (1) | |||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | Wayne M. Collette, CFA | 9 RICs 2 PIVs 191 other accounts | $1.8 billion $168.61 million $240 million | None | $10,001 - $50,000b | (1) | ||||||
Lawrence W. Lin, CFA | 7 RICs 2 PIVs 184 other accounts | $1.479 billion $168.61 million $178.8 million | None | $1- $10,000 | (1) | |||||||
George J. Myers, CFA | 7 RICs 2 PIVs 182 other accounts | $1.479 billion $168.61 million $178.61 million | None | $10,001 - $50,000 a $10,001 - $50,000 b | (1) | |||||||
Brian D. Neigut | 7 RICs 2 PIVs 184 other accounts | $1.479 billion $168.61 million $178.61 million | None | $1- $10,000a $1- $10,000b | (1) |
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Other Accounts Managed (excluding the Fund) | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Number and Type | Approximate | Performance | Dollar | Structure of Compensation (described in next sub-section) | ||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | Emil A. Gjester | 1 RIC 1 PIV 289 other accounts | $89.65 million $201.32 million $220.38 million | None | $100,001 - $500,000 a $10,001 - $50,000 b | (1) | ||||||||
Jonas Patrikson, CFA | 1 RIC 1 PIV 282 other accounts | $89.648 million $201.32 million $220.22 million | None | $1- $10,000a $1-$10,000b | (1) | |||||||||
Mary-Ann Ward | 1 RIC 1 PIV 293 other accounts | $89.65 million $201.32 million $227.68 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||||
Michael T. Welter, CFA | 1 RIC 1 PIV 283 other accounts | 89.65 billion $201.3 million $220.6 million | None | $50,001- $100,000a $1 - $10,000b | (1) | |||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending September 30 | ||||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | Guy W. Pope, CFA | 3 RICs 1,847 other accounts | $6.6 billion $567 million | None | $100,001- $500,000a $10,001- $50,000b | (1) | ||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | Richard E. Dahlberg, CFA | 1 RIC 2 PIVs 99 other accounts | $425 million $372 million $813.01 million | None | $100,001- $500,000a $100,001- $500,000b | (1) | ||||||||
Scott L. Davis | 2 PIVs 92 other accounts | $372 million $815 million | None | $50,001- $100,000a $100,001- $500,000b | (1) | |||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | Peter R. Deininger3 | 1 PIV 15 other accounts | $315 million $275 million | None | $1- $10,000 | (1) | ||||||||
John T. Wilson, CFA | 4 RICs 1 PIV 19 other accounts | $200 million $300 million $500 million | None | $100,001- $500,000a | (1) | |||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | Richard D’Auteuil | 1 PIV 27 other accounts | $158.85 million $907.08 million | None | None | (1) | ||||||||
Jeffrey Hershey, CFA | 1 PIV 28 other accounts | $158.85 million $901.77 million | None | None | (1) | |||||||||
For the Fund with fiscal year ending October 31 | ||||||||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | Catherine Stienstra4 | 11 RICs 12 other accounts | $4.42 billion $6.68 billion | None | None | (2) | ||||||||
For the Fund with fiscal period ending December 31 | ||||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | Arthur J. Hurley, CFA | 8 other accounts | $750,000 | None | $1-$10,000a $1-$10,000b | (1) |
* | RIC refers to a Registered Investment Company; PIV refers to a Pooled Investment Vehicle. |
a | Excludes any notional investments. |
b | Notional investments through a deferred compensation account. |
1 | Information provided as of April 30, 2010. |
2 | Account information provided as of May 31, 2010. Other accounts also include personal accounts as of June 30, 2010. |
3 | Account information provided as of March 31, 2010. |
4 | Account information provided as of August 31, 2010. |
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Structure of Compensation
(1) Compensation of Legacy Columbia Management Advisors, LLC Portfolio Managers
Compensation for portfolio managers who were associates of the Previous Adviser prior to May 1, 2010, is typically paid in the form of salary, bonus, stock options, restricted stock and notional investments through an incentive plan, the value of which is measured by reference to the performance of the Columbia Funds in which the account is invested. The bonus for these portfolio managers is variable and generally is based on (1) an evaluation of the portfolio manager’s investment performance and (2) the results of a peer and/or management review of the portfolio manager, which takes into account skills and attributes such as team participation, investment process, communication and professionalism. In evaluating investment performance, the Adviser generally considers the one, three and five year performance of mutual funds and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager relative to the benchmarks and peer groups noted below, emphasizing the portfolio manager’s three and five year performance. The Adviser also may consider a portfolio manager’s performance in managing client assets in sectors and industries assigned to the portfolio manager as part of his/her investment team responsibilities, when applicable. For portfolio managers who also have group management responsibilities, another factor in their evaluation is an assessment of the group’s overall investment performance. The size of the overall bonus pool each year depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry (based on market compensation data) and the Adviser’s profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.
(2) Compensation of Legacy RiverSource Investments, LLC Portfolio Managers
Compensation for portfolio managers who were associates of RiverSource Investments, LLC (now known as Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC), is typically comprised of (i) a base salary, and (ii) an annual cash bonus, a portion of which may be subject to a mandatory deferral program, and may include (iii) an equity incentive award in the form of stock options and/or restricted stock. The Adviser’s portfolio managers are provided with a benefits package, including life insurance, health insurance, and participation in a company 401(k) plan, comparable to that received by other Adviser employees. Depending upon their job level, Adviser portfolio managers may also be eligible for other benefits or perquisites that are available to all Adviser employees at the same job level.
The annual cash bonus is paid from a team bonus pool that is based on the performance of the accounts managed by the portfolio management team, which might include mutual funds, wrap accounts, institutional portfolios and hedge funds. The bonus pool is determined by the aggregate market competitive bonus targets for the teams of which the portfolio manager is a member and by the short-term (typically one-year) and long-term (typically three-year) performance of those accounts in relation to applicable benchmarks or the relevant peer group universe. Senior management of the Adviser has the discretion to increase or decrease the size of the part of the bonus pool and to determine the exact amount of each portfolio manager’s bonus paid from this portion of the bonus pool based on his/her performance as an employee. Certain investment personnel are also eligible to defer a portion of their compensation. An individual making this type of election can allocate the deferral to the returns associated with one or more products they manage or support or to certain other products managed by their investment team.
The size of the overall bonus pool each year depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry (based on market compensation data) and the Adviser’s profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.
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Performance Benchmarks
Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Leonard A. Aplet, CFA | Balanced Fund | S&P 500 Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index; Blended Benchmark1 | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
Stephen D. Barbaro, CFA | Small Cap Value Fund I | Russell 2000 Value Index | Lipper Small-Cap Value Funds Classification | |||
Catherine Stienstra | Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index | Lipper Connecticut Municipal Debt Funds Classification | |||
Robert B. Cameron | Emerging Markets Fund | MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net); MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Gross); MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper Emerging Markets Funds Classification | |||
Richard A. Carter | Select Large Cap Growth Fund | Russell 1000 Growth Index | Lipper Large-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Wayne M. Collette, CFA | Mid Cap Growth Fund | Russell MidCap Growth Index; Russell MidCap Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | Russell 2000 Index; Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification | ||||
Richard E. Dahlberg, CFA | Dividend Income Fund | Russell 1000 Index | Lipper Equity Income Funds Classification | |||
Richard D’Auteuil | Small Cap Core Fund | Russell 2000 Index; S&P Small Cap 600 Composite Index | Lipper Small-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Scott L. Davis | Dividend Income Fund | Russell 1000 Index | Lipper Equity Income Funds Classification | |||
Peter R. Deininger | Large Cap Growth Fund | Russell 1000 Growth Index | Lipper Large-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Chad H. Farrington | High Yield Municipal Fund | Barclays Capital High Yield Municipal Bond Index; Blended Benchmark4 | Lipper High Yield Municipal Debt Funds Classification | |||
William Finan | U.S. Treasury Index Fund | Citigroup Bond U.S. Treasury Index | Lipper General U.S. Treasury Funds Classification | |||
Thomas M. Galvin, CFA | Select Large Cap Growth Fund | Russell 1000 Growth Index | Lipper Large-Cap Growth Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Emil A. Gjester | Strategic Investor Fund | Russell 1000 Index | Lipper Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Todd D. Herget | Select Large Cap Growth Fund | Russell 1000 Growth Index | Lipper Large-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Jeffrey Hershey, CFA | Small Cap Core Fund | Russell 2000 Index; S&P Small Cap 600 Composite Index | Lipper Small-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Michael E. Hoover | Energy and Natural Resources Fund | S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index | Lipper Natural Resources Funds Classification | |||
Jasmine (Weili) Huang, CFA, CPA (U.S. and China), CFA | Emerging Markets Fund | MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net); MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Gross); MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper Emerging Markets Funds Classification | |||
Pacific/Asia Fund | MSCI AC Asia Pacific Index (Net); MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper Pacific Region Funds Classification | ||||
Arthur J. Hurley, CFA | Real Estate Equity Fund | FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index | Lipper Real Estate Funds Classification | |||
Orhan Imer | U.S. Treasury Index Fund | Citigroup Bond U.S. Treasury Index | Lipper General U.S. Treasury Funds Classification | |||
Jeremy Javidi, CFA | Small Cap Value Fund I | Russell 2000 Value Index | Lipper Small-Cap Value Funds Classification | |||
Brian Lavin, CFA | Balanced Fund | S&P 500 Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index; Blended Benchmark1 | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
Corporate Income Fund | Barclays Capital Credit Bond Index; Blended Benchmark2 | Lipper Corporate Debt Funds BBB Rated Classification | ||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | JPMorgan Global High Yield Index; Credit Suisse High Yield Index | Lipper High Current Yield Funds Classification | ||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | ||||
Strategic Income Fund | Barclays Capital Government/Credit Bond Index; Blended Benchmark3 | Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification | ||||
Lawrence W. Lin, CFA | Mid Cap Growth Fund | Russell MidCap Growth Index; Russell MidCap Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Growth Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | Russell 2000 Index; Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification | ||||
Colin J. Lundgren, CFA | Strategic Income Fund | Barclays Capital Government/Credit Bond Index; Blended Benchmark3 | Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification | |||
George J. Myers, CFA | Mid Cap Growth Fund | Russell MidCap Growth Index; Russell MidCap Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | Russell 2000 Index; Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification | ||||
Brian D. Neigut | Mid Cap Growth Fund | Russell MidCap Growth Index; Russell MidCap Index | Lipper Mid-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | Russell 2000 Index; Russell 2000 Growth Index | Lipper Small-Cap Growth Funds Classification | ||||
Daisuke Nomoto, CMA (SAAJ) | Pacific/Asia Fund | MSCI AC Asia Pacific Index (Net); MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper Pacific Region Funds Classification | |||
Carl. W. Pappo, CFA | Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Corporate Debt Funds A Rated Classification | |||
Corporate Income Fund | Barclays Capital Credit Bond Index; Blended Benchmark2 | Lipper Corporate Debt Funds BBB Rated Classification | ||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | ||||
Jonas Patrikson, CFA | Strategic Investor Fund | Russell 1000 Index | Lipper Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Nicholas Pifer | International Bond Fund | Citigroup Non-U.S. Dollar World Government Bond Index- Unhedged | Lipper International Income Funds Classification | |||
Jennifer Ponce de Leon | High Yield Opportunity Fund | JPMorgan Global High Yield Index; Credit Suisse High Yield Index | Lipper High Current Yield Funds Classification | |||
Guy W. Pope, CFA | Balanced Fund | S&P 500 Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index; Blended Benchmark1 | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification |
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Portfolio Manager | Fund(s) | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group | |||
Contrarian Core Fund | Russell 1000 Index | Lipper Large-Cap Core Funds Classification | ||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | Russell 1000 Value Index; S&P 500 Index | Lipper Multi-Cap Value Funds Classification | ||||
Alexander D. Powers | Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Corporate Debt Funds A Rated Classification | |||
Intermediate Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification | ||||
J. Nicholas Smith, CFA | Value and Restructuring Fund | Russell 1000 Value Index; S&P 500 Index | Lipper Multi-Cap Value Funds Classification | |||
Ronald B. Stahl, CFA | Balanced Fund | S&P 500 Index; Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index; Blended Benchmark1 | Lipper Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Growth Funds Classification | |||
Gene R. Tannuzzo, CFA | Strategic Income Fund | Barclays Capital Government/Credit Bond Index; Blended Benchmark3 | Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification | |||
Mary-Ann Ward | Strategic Investor Fund | Russell 1000 Index | Lipper Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Michael T. Welter, CFA | Strategic Investor Fund | Russell 1000 Index | Lipper Multi-Cap Core Funds Classification | |||
Dara J. White | Emerging Markets Fund | MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net); MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Gross); MSCI EAFE Index (Net) | Lipper Emerging Markets Funds Classification | |||
David J. Williams, CFA | Value and Restructuring Fund | Russell 1000 Value Index; S&P 500 Index | Lipper Multi-Cap Value Funds Classification | |||
John T. Wilson, CFA | Large Cap Growth Fund | Russell 1000 Growth Index | Lipper Large-Cap Growth Funds Classification | |||
Michael Zazzarino | Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Corporate Debt Funds A Rated Classification | |||
Intermediate Bond Fund | Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index | Lipper Intermediate Investment Grade Debt Funds Classification |
1 | A custom composite, established by the Adviser, consisting of a 60% weighting of the S&P 500 Index and a 40% weighting of the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index. |
2 | A weighted custom composite of the Barclays Capital U.S. Credit Bond Index (85%) and JP Morgan Global High Yield Index (15%) established by the Adviser. |
3 | A custom composite, established by the Adviser, consisting of a 35% weighting of the Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, a 35% weighting of the JPMorgan Global High Yield Index, a 15% weighting of the Citigroup Non-U.S. World Government Bond Index – Unhedged and a 15% weighting of the JPMorgan EMBI Global Diversified Index. |
4 | A custom composite, established by the Adviser, consisting of a 60% weighting of the Barclays Capital High Yield Municipal Bond Index and a 40% weighting of the Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index. |
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The Adviser’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest
Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, a Fund’s portfolio manager(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the Fund and other accounts at the same time. The Adviser and the Funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of the potential conflicts that portfolio managers face in this regard. Certain of these conflicts of interest are summarized below.
The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (performance fee accounts), may raise potential conflicts of interest for a portfolio manager by creating an incentive to favor higher fee accounts.
Potential conflicts of interest also may arise when a portfolio manager has personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to the Adviser’s Code of Ethics and certain limited exceptions, the Adviser’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the Funds. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts managed by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.
A portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the broker/dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the Funds. A portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of broker/dealers could produce disproportionate costs and benefits among the Funds and the other accounts the portfolio manager manages.
A potential conflict of interest may arise when a portfolio manager buys or sells the same securities for a Fund and other accounts. On occasions when a portfolio manager considers the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of a Fund as well as other accounts, the Adviser’s trading desk may, to the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or bought in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to a Fund or another account if a portfolio manager favors one account over another in allocating the securities bought or sold.
“Cross trades,” in which a portfolio manager sells a particular security held by a Fund to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), could involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, a portfolio manager is permitted to sell a security from one account to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. The Adviser and the Funds have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the Fund and another account managed by the Adviser are to be made at a current market price, consistent with applicable laws and regulations.
Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of a Fund and other accounts managed by its portfolio manager(s). Depending on another account’s objectives and other factors, a portfolio manager may give advice to and make decisions for a Fund that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to another account. A portfolio manager’s investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a portfolio manager may buy or sell a particular security for certain accounts, and not for a Fund, even though it could have been bought or sold for the Fund at the same time. A portfolio manager also may buy a particular security for one or more accounts when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when a portfolio manager’s purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts, including the Funds.
A Fund’s portfolio manager(s) also may have other potential conflicts of interest in managing the Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could exist in managing the Fund and
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other accounts. Many of the potential conflicts of interest to which the Adviser’s portfolio managers are subject are essentially the same or similar to the potential conflicts of interest related to the investment management activities of the Adviser and its affiliates. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about conflicts of interest, including those that relate to the Adviser and its affiliates.
Manager of Managers Exemption
The SEC has issued an order that permits the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board, to appoint an unaffiliated subadviser or to change the terms of a subadvisory agreement for a Fund without first obtaining shareholder approval. The order permits a Fund to add or to change unaffiliated subadvisers or to change the fees paid to subadvisers from time to time without the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the change. The Adviser and its affiliates may have other relationships, including significant financial relationships, with current or potential subadvisers or their affiliates, which may create certain conflicts of interest. When making recommendations to the Board to appoint or to change a subadviser, or to change the terms of a subadvisory agreement, the Adviser discloses to the Board the nature of any material relationships it has with a subadviser or its affiliates.
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (which is also the Adviser) serves as Administrator of the Funds.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, the Administrator has agreed to provide all of the services and facilities necessary for, or appropriate to, the business and effective operation of each Fund that are not (a) provided by employees or other agents engaged by each Fund or (b) required to be provided by any person pursuant to any other agreement or arrangement with each Fund.
Administration Fee Rates Paid by the Funds
The Administrator receives fees as compensation for its services, which are computed daily and paid monthly, as set forth in the Administrative Services Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Primary Service Providers – The Administrator in each Fund’s prospectuses.
For U.S. Treasury Index Fund, pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, the Administrator, from the administration fee it receives from the Fund, pays all operating expenses of the Fund, except the fees and expenses of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Administrator or its affiliates, brokerage fees and commissions, interest on borrowings and such extraordinary, non-recurring expenses as may arise, including litigation expenses. For the purposes of this arrangement, distribution and service fees are not considered operating expenses.
Administration Fees Paid by the Funds
The Administrator and the Previous Administrator received fees from the Funds for their services as reflected in the following charts, which show administration fees paid to and, as applicable, waived/reimbursed by the Administrator and the Previous Administrator, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 754,748 | $ | 678,588 | $ | 759,720 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | $ | 209,350 | $ | 206,179 | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 675,315 | $ | 675,654 | $ | 870,923 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 615,027 | $ | 1,001,669 | $ | 2,430,055 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | $ | 251,476 | $ | 476,664 | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 723,263 | $ | 765,650 | $ | 941,122 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | $ | 254,984 | $ | 263,577 | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 3,164,565 | $ | 3,373,301 | $ | 3,620,050 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 16,020 | $ | 85,238 | $ | 334,900 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | $ | 30,445 | $ | 66,921 | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 2,127,779 | $ | 1,291,853 | $ | 1,216,720 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | $ | 394,599 | $ | 333,294 | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 1,122,055 | $ | 1,080,502 | $ | 551,345 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 9,398,359 | $ | 11,411,391 | $ | 13,588,716 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | $ | 3,327,593 | $ | 3,424,080 | |||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Administrator | Previous Administrator | ||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
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Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Period Ended May 31, 2009* | |||||||||||
Fund | Administrator | Previous Administrator | ||||||||||
International Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $680 | $6,325 | $ | 1,862 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Administrator | Previous Administrator | ||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 140,597 | $ | 637,176 | $ | 661,657 | $ | 815,422 | ||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 20101 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Administrator | Previous Administrator | ||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $382,478 | $810,252 | $ | 1,058,644 | $ | 1,175,452 | ||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
1 | Unaudited. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2007* | |||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 201,987 | $ | 260,528 | $ | 297,160 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2007* | |||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 836,788 | $ | 756,060 | $ | 714,875 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 555,279 | $ | 865,130 | $ | 922,750 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | |||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 302,523 | $ | 625,431 | $ | 889,186 | ||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007* | |||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived | N/A | N/A | N/A |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
Fund | Fiscal Period Ended December 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Reimbursed | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Amount Waived | — | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived/reimbursed by the Previous Administrator. |
Pricing and Bookkeeping Services
State Street is responsible for providing certain pricing and bookkeeping services to the Funds. The Administrator is responsible for overseeing the performance of these services and for certain other services.
Services Provided
Effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into a Financial Reporting Services Agreement with State Street and the Previous Adviser (the Financial Reporting Services Agreement) pursuant to which State Street provides financial reporting services to the Funds. Also effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into an Accounting Services Agreement with State Street and the Previous Adviser (collectively with the Financial Reporting Services Agreement, the State Street Agreements) pursuant to which State Street provides accounting services to the Funds. Effective May 1, 2010, the State Street Agreements were amended to, among other things, assign and delegate the Previous Adviser’s rights and obligations under the State Street Agreements to the Administrator. Under the State Street Agreements, each Fund pays State Street an annual fee of $38,000 paid monthly plus an additional monthly fee based on an annualized percentage rate of average daily net assets of the Fund for the month. The aggregate fee for a Fund during any year shall not exceed $140,000 annually (exclusive of out-of-pocket expenses and charges). Each Fund also reimburses State Street for certain out-of-pocket expenses and charges.
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From December 15, 2006 through May 1, 2010, the Trust was party to a Pricing and Bookkeeping Oversight and Services Agreement (the Services Agreement) with the Previous Adviser. Under the Services Agreement, the Previous Adviser provided services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and provided oversight of the accounting and financial reporting services provided by State Street. Under the Services Agreement, each Fund reimbursed the Previous Adviser for out-of-pocket expenses and charges, including fees payable to third parties, such as for pricing the Funds’ portfolio securities, incurred by the Previous Adviser in the performance of services under the Services Agreement. Prior to January 1, 2008, the Funds also reimbursed the Previous Adviser for accounting oversight services and services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Effective May 1, 2010, the services previously provided by the Previous Adviser under the Services Agreement began to be provided by the Administrator under the Administrative Services Agreement, and the Services Agreement was terminated. Under the Administrative Services Agreement, fees for pricing and bookkeeping services incurred by U.S. Treasury Index Fund are paid by the Administrator.
Prior to December 15, 2006, the Previous Adviser was responsible for providing pricing and bookkeeping services, to the Funds operating at the time, under a pricing and bookkeeping agreement and was entitled to receive an annual fee at the same rate described above under the State Street Agreements. Under separate agreements between the Previous Adviser and State Street, the Previous Adviser delegated certain functions to State Street. As a result of the delegation, the total fees payable under the pricing and bookkeeping agreement (other than certain reimbursements paid to the Previous Adviser and discussed below) were paid to State Street. The Funds also reimbursed the Previous Adviser for out-of-pocket expenses and charges, including fees payable to third parties for pricing the Funds’ portfolio securities and direct internal costs incurred by the Previous Adviser in connection with providing fund accounting oversight and monitoring and certain other services.
Pricing and Bookkeeping Fees Paid by the Funds
The Adviser and the Previous Adviser and State Street received fees from the Funds for their services as reflected in the following charts, which show the net pricing and bookkeeping fees paid to State Street and to the Adviser and the Previous Adviser, as applicable, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 5,746 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 149,216 | $ | 129,842 | $ | 82,648 | ||||||
Corporate Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,791 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 158,268 | $ | 156,839 | $ | 182,251 | ||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 5,746 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 103,288 | $ | 117,814 | $ | 105,826 | ||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 5,746 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 123,403 | $ | 116,154 | $ | 78,072 | ||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 10,791 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 189,677 | $ | 188,898 | $ | 189,435 | ||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 5,746 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 53,504 | $ | 57,548 | $ | 52,002 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 5,746 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 140,511 | $ | 140,065 | $ | 77,132 | ||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund** | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | — | |||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | — | — | — | |||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 5,746 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 143,767 | $ | 143,296 | $ | 78,208 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
** | Under the Administrative Services Agreement, fees for pricing and bookkeeping services incurred by U.S. Treasury Index Fund are paid by the Administrator. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2008* | |||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 114,926 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 113,154 | $ | 96,616 | $ | 8,212 | ||||||
Strategic Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 190,423 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 193,287 | $ | 181,682 | $ | 8,212 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Period Ended May 31, 2009* | ||||||
International Bond Fund | ||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 46,735 | $ | 26,617 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2008* | |||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 7,494 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 192,931 | $ | 180,290 | $ | 191,877 | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 7,494 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 146,364 | $ | 145,161 | $ | 143,111 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 20101 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Balanced Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 4,673 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $97,492 | $ | 80,304 | $ | 85,084 | |||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 4,673 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 145,095 | $ | 145,117 | $ | 144,122 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 20101 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 4,673 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 145,808 | $ | 97,227 | $ | 87,811 | ||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 4,673 | ||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 147,864 | $ | 143,423 | $ | 149,889 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
1 | Unaudited. |
Fund | Fiscal Year ended September 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year ended September 30, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2007* | |||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | $ | 3,106 | $ | 43,283 | |||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 83,251 | $ | 96,037 | $ | 78,321 | ||||||
Dividend Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | $ | 3,106 | $ | 51,635 | |||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 141,429 | $ | 144,517 | $ | 103,692 | ||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | $ | 3,106 | $ | 51,635 | |||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 141,538 | $ | 140,096 | $ | 106,855 | ||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | $ | 3,106 | $ | 51,635 | |||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 104,080 | $ | 152,060 | $ | 114,670 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007* | |||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | $ | 1,952 | $ | 24,798 | |||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 61,643 | $ | 62,893 | $ | 56,215 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
Fund | Fiscal Period Ended December 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | ||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Adviser | — | — | $ | 4,673 | $ | 63,096 | ||||||||||
Amount Paid to State Street | $ | 27,743 | $ | 74,509 | $ | 84,454 | $ | 84,836 |
* | All amounts “Paid to Adviser” were paid to the Previous Adviser. |
The Principal Underwriter/Distributor
Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (the Distributor) serves as the principal underwriter and distributor for the continuous offering of shares of the Funds pursuant to a Distribution Agreement. The Distribution Agreement obligates the Distributor to use appropriate efforts to find purchasers for the shares of the Funds. The Distributor’s address is: One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111.
Distribution Obligations
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent, sells shares of the Funds on a continuous basis and transmits purchase and redemption orders that it receives to the Trust or the Transfer Agent, or their
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designated agents. Additionally, the Distributor has agreed to use appropriate efforts to solicit orders for the sale of shares and to undertake advertising and promotion as it believes appropriate in connection with such solicitation. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, at its own expense, finances those activities which are primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the Funds, including, but not limited to, advertising, compensation of underwriters, dealers and sales personnel, the printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than existing shareholders, and the printing and mailing of sales literature. The Distributor, however, may be compensated or reimbursed for all or a portion of such expenses to the extent permitted by a Distribution Plan adopted by the Trust pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Distribution and Servicing Plans for more information about the share classes for which the Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan.
See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about conflicts of interest, including those that relate to the Adviser and its affiliates.
The Distribution Agreement became effective with respect to each Fund after approval by its Board, and, after an initial two-year period, continues from year to year, provided that such continuation of the Distribution Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Distribution Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to each Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice.
Underwriting Commissions Paid by the Funds
The Distributor and the Previous Distributor received commissions and other compensation for their services as reflected in the following charts, which show amounts paid to the Distributor and the Previous Distributor, as well as amounts the Distributor and Previous Distributor retained, for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 87,653 | $ | 23,344 | — | |||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 10,847 | $ | 3,032 | — | |||||||
Class C shares | $ | 813 | — | — | ||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 76,987 | $ | 42,265 | $ | 83,846 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 8,679 | $ | 4,859 | $ | 10,209 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 6,890 | $ | 19,621 | $ | 26,159 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 1,744 | $ | 1,809 | $ | 4,085 | ||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 71,380 | $ | 25,581 | $ | 15,743 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 11,618 | $ | 4,445 | $ | 5,464 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 134 | $ | 356 | $ | 117 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008* | |||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 367,133 | $ | 226,149 | $ | 41,980 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 55,189 | $ | 37,467 | $ | 6,898 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 4,646 | $ | 5,557 | — | |||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 100,659 | $ | 75,693 | $ | 164,058 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 9,832 | $ | 9,783 | $ | 17,512 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 20,653 | $ | 67,508 | $ | 126,025 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 3,191 | $ | 13,915 | $ | 3,509 | ||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 4,028 | $ | 1,037 | — | |||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 576 | $ | 109 | — | |||||||
Class C shares | $ | 28 | — | — | ||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 72,757 | $ | 35,906 | $ | 17,771 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 11,067 | $ | 22,304 | $ | 2,508 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 1,504 | $ | 1,487 | — | |||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 83,413 | $ | 599,674 | $ | 32,972 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 9,858 | $ | 68,225 | $ | 4,014 | ||||||
Class B shares | $ | 20,761 | $ | 19,230 | $ | 7,255 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 45,774 | $ | 36,124 | $ | 2,579 | ||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 323,994 | $ | 1,456,148 | $ | 475,597 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 54,926 | $ | 327,389 | $ | 81,037 | ||||||
Class C shares | $ | 22,254 | $ | 53,825 | $ | 1,095 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Distributor | Previous Distributor | ||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 2,214 | $ | 102,312 | $ | 52,757 | $ | 81,858 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $12,953** | $ | 6,397 | $ | 9,712 | |||||||||||
Class B shares | $12,197** | $ | 37,832 | $ | 120,102 | |||||||||||
Class C shares | $1,882** | $ | 2,372 | $ | 1,294 |
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Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Distributor | Previous Distributor | ||||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 62,252 | $ | 1,393,488 | $ | 1,484,623 | $ | 1,500,658 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $212,105** | $ | 174,597 | $ | 182,191 | |||||||||||
Class B shares | $112,534** | $ | 254,576 | $ | 401,532 | |||||||||||
Class C shares | $ 55,451** | $ | 38,358 | $ | 16,683 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
** | A portion of the amount shown was retained by the Distributor and the Previous Distributor. |
Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2009* | |||||||||||
Fund | Distributor | Previous Distributor | ||||||||||
International Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 532 | $ | 7,025 | $ | 5 | ||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ 869** | $ | 1 | |||||||||
Class C shares | $ 4** | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
** | A portion of the amount shown was retained by the Distributor and the Previous Distributor. |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2008* | ||||||||||||||
Fund | Distributor | Previous Distributor | ||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $14,851 | $76,842 | $62,416 | $79,171 | ||||||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $10,473** | | $7,933 (underwriting discount) $33 (CDSC) | | | $9,673 (underwriting discounts) $12,689 (CDSC) | | |||||||||
Class B Shares | $8,610** | $16,011 | $23,627 | |||||||||||||
Class C Shares | $2,743** | $736 | $4,765 | |||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $26,259 | $154,679 | $253,305 | $350,124 | ||||||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $28,705** |
| $40,492 (underwriting $519 (CDSC) |
| | $54,614 (underwriting discounts) $1,051 (CDSC) | | |||||||||
Class B shares | $36,729** | $69,591 | $95,335 | |||||||||||||
Class C shares | $5,331** | $7,107 | $16,400 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
** | A portion of the amount shown was retained by the Distributor and the Previous Distributor. |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 20101 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | |||||||||||||
Distributor | Previous Distributor | |||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $207,936 | $337,368 | $134,794 | $51,909 | ||||||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares |
| $81,893** |
| $19,807 | | $10,387 (underwriting discount) | | |||||||||
Class B shares |
| $10,629** |
| $9,543 | $8,501 | |||||||||||
Class C shares |
| $7,621** |
| $423 | $94 | |||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $19,121 | $32,841 | $51,601 | $180,381 | ||||||||||||
Class T shares | $156 | $372 | $917 | $1,016 | ||||||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A Retained |
| $7,346** |
| $7,987 | $35,837 | |||||||||||
Class B Retained |
| $4,870** |
| $9,579 | $12,057 | |||||||||||
Class C Retained |
| $1,021** |
| $1,459 | $3,558 | |||||||||||
Class T Retained |
| $61** |
| — | $1 | |||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $27,242 | $55,837 | $101,052 | $187,929 | ||||||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares |
| $11,901** |
| $17,113 | $30,175 | |||||||||||
Class B shares |
| $5,690** |
| $4,599 | $1,789 | |||||||||||
Class C shares |
| $2,854** |
| $13,038 | $1,464 | |||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $16,138 | $42,407 | $76,883 | $209,325 | ||||||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares |
| $8,700** |
| $12,250 | $241,215 | |||||||||||
Class B shares |
| $29,424** |
| $70,039 | $83,980 | |||||||||||
Class C shares |
| $2,257** |
| $2,303 | $4,702 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
** | A portion of the amount shown was retained by the Distributor and the Previous Distributor. |
1 | Unaudited. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2007* | |||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $86,071 | $36,936 | $19,479 | |||||||||
Class T shares | $12,088 | $28,049 | $27,371 | |||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $12,921 |
| $6,075 (underwriting discount) $11 (CDSC) |
|
| $3,232 (underwriting discount) $26 (CDSC) |
| |||||
Class B shares | $4,070 | $6,252 | $13,877 | |||||||||
Class C shares | $442 | $217 | $56 | |||||||||
Class T shares | $1,659 | | $4,121 (underwriting discount) — (CDSC) | | | $3,847 (underwriting discount) | |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2007* | |||
Dividend Income Fund | ||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||
Class A shares | $803,682 | $286,403 | $488,144 | |||
Class T shares | $6,141 | $8,615 | $11,210 | |||
Amount Retained | ||||||
Class A shares | $125,322 | $48,889 (underwriting discount) $347 (CDSC) | $84,117 (underwriting discount) $91 (CDSC) | |||
Class B shares | $39,378 | $46,255 | $62,830 | |||
Class C shares | $5,857 | $3,049 | $8,381 | |||
Class T shares | $930 | $1,246 (underwriting discount) | $1,438 (underwriting discount) | |||
Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||
Class A shares | $74,526 | $98,167 | $92,402 | |||
Class T shares | $41,614 | $65,452 | $55,772 | |||
Amount Retained | ||||||
Class A shares | $18,305 | $15,920 (underwriting discount) $795 (CDSC) | $15,320 (underwriting discount) $624 (CDSC) | |||
Class B shares | $33,744 | $88,380 | $160,928 | |||
Class C shares | $2,549 | $3,369 | $3,244 | |||
Class E shares | $87 | — (underwriting discount) $75 (CDSC) | — | |||
Class F shares | N/A | N/A | — | |||
Class T shares | $5,524 | $8,731 (underwriting discount) $4,712 (CDSC) | $7,274 (underwriting discount) | |||
Small Cap Core Fund | ||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||
Class A shares | $65,118 | $8,298 | $24,792 | |||
Class T shares | $10,735 | $17,011 | $23,624 | |||
Amount Retained | ||||||
Class A shares | $9,774 | $1,180 (underwriting discount) — (CDSC) | $3,923 (underwriting discount) $3 (CDSC) | |||
Class B shares | $20,617 | $59,022 | $70,993 | |||
Class C shares | $100 | $339 | $507 | |||
Class T shares | $1,442 | $2,334 (underwriting discount) $451 (CDSC) | $2,756 (underwriting discount) — |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007* | |||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $81,306 | $60,652 | $36,337 | |||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||
Class A shares | $10,073 | | $7,301 (underwriting discount) | | | $3,961 (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | | |||||
Class B shares | $5,835 | $13,389 | $29,439 | |||||||||
Class C shares | $168 | $467 | $40 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
Fund | Fiscal Period Ended December 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2007* | ||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Amount Paid | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 19,596 | $ | 27,222 | $ | 33,423 | $ | 120,365 | ||||||||
Amount Retained | ||||||||||||||||
Class A shares | $ | 3,518 | $ | 5,864 | $ | 6,160 | $ | 19,151 | ||||||||
Class B shares | $ | 2,585 | $ | 6,730 | $ | 12,250 | $ | 36,895 | ||||||||
Class C shares | $ | 431 | $ | 1,207 | $ | 1,701 | $ | 1,814 |
* | All amounts were paid to or retained by the Previous Distributor. |
Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest
As described above in the Investment Advisory and Other Services section of this SAI, and in the Management of the Fund – Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectuses, the Adviser, Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent, all affiliates of Ameriprise Financial, receive compensation from the Funds for the various services they provide to the Funds. Additional information as to the specific terms regarding such compensation is set forth in these affiliated service providers’ contracts with the Funds, each of which typically is included as an exhibit to Part C of each Fund’s registration statement.
In many instances, the compensation paid to the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates for the services they provide to the Funds is based, in some manner, on the size of the Funds’ assets under management. As the size of the Funds’ assets under management grows, so does the amount of compensation paid to the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates for providing services to the Funds. This relationship between Fund assets and affiliated service provider compensation may create economic and other conflicts of interests of which Fund investors should be aware. These potential conflicts of interest, as well as additional ones, are discussed in detail below and also are addressed in other disclosure materials, including the Funds’ prospectuses. These conflicts of interest also are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials of Ameriprise Financial affiliates that make available or offer the Columbia Funds as investments in connection with their respective products and services. In addition, Part 1A of the Adviser’s Form ADV, which it must file with the SEC as an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, provides information about the Adviser’s business, assets under management, affiliates and potential conflicts of interest. Part 1A of the Adviser’s Form ADV is available online through the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Additional actual or potential conflicts of interest and certain investment activity limitations that could affect the Funds may arise from the financial services activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including, for example, the investment advisory/management services provided for clients and customers other
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than the Funds. In this regard, Ameriprise Financial is a major financial services company. Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates are engaged in a wide range of financial activities beyond the mutual fund-related activities of the Adviser, including, among others, broker/dealer (sales and trading), asset management, insurance and other financial activities. The broad range of financial services activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may involve multiple advisory, transactional, lending, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments, and in companies, that may be bought, sold or held by the Funds. The following describes certain actual and potential conflicts of interest that may be presented.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to the Investment Advisory/Management Activities of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates in Connection With Other Advised/Managed Funds and Accounts
The Adviser and other affiliates of Ameriprise Financial may advise or manage funds and accounts other than the Funds. In this regard, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may provide investment advisory/management and other services to other advised/managed funds and accounts that are similar to those provided to the Funds. The Adviser and Ameriprise Financial’s other investment adviser affiliates (including, for example, Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC) will give advice to and make decisions for all advised/managed funds and accounts, including the Funds, as they believe to be in that fund’s and/or account’s best interests, consistent with their fiduciary duties. The Funds and the other advised/managed funds and accounts of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates are separately and potentially divergently managed, and there is no assurance that any investment advice Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates give to other advised/managed funds and accounts will also be given simultaneously or otherwise to the Funds.
A variety of other actual and potential conflicts of interest may arise from the advisory relationships of the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates with other clients and customers. Advice given to the Funds and/or investment decisions made for the Funds by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may differ from, or may conflict with, advice given to and/or investment decisions made for other advised/managed funds and accounts. As a result, the performance of the Funds may differ from the performance of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates. Similarly, a position taken by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the Adviser, on behalf of other funds or accounts may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of the Funds. Moreover, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the Adviser, may take a position on behalf of other advised/managed funds and accounts, or for their own proprietary accounts, that is adverse to companies or other issuers in which the Funds are invested. For example, the Funds may hold equity securities of a company while another advised/managed fund or account may hold debt securities of the same company. If the portfolio company were to experience financial difficulties, it might be in the best interest of the Funds for the company to reorganize while the interests of the other advised/managed fund or account might be better served by the liquidation of the company. This type of conflict of interest could arise as the result of circumstances that cannot be generally foreseen within the broad range of investment advisory/management activities in which Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates engage.
Investment transactions made on behalf of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates also may have a negative effect on the value, price or investment strategies of the Funds. For example, this could occur if another advised/managed fund or account implements an investment decision ahead of, or at the same time as, the Funds and causes the Funds to experience less favorable trading results than they otherwise would have experienced based on market liquidity factors. In addition, the other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, including the other Columbia Funds, may have the same or very similar investment objective and strategies as the Funds. In this situation, the allocation of, and competition for, investment opportunities among the Funds and other funds and/or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may create conflicts of interest especially where, for example, limited investment availability is involved. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures addressing the allocation of investment opportunities among the Funds and other funds and accounts advised by the Adviser and other affiliates of Ameriprise Financial. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – The Adviser and Investment Advisory Services – Portfolio Manager(s) – The Adviser’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
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Sharing of Information among Advised/Managed Accounts
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates also may possess information that could be material to the management of a Fund and may not be able to, or may determine not to, share that information with the Fund, even though the information might be beneficial to the Fund. This information may include actual knowledge regarding the particular investments and transactions of other advised/managed funds and accounts, as well as proprietary investment, trading and other market research, analytical and technical models, and new investment techniques, strategies and opportunities. Depending on the context, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates generally will have no obligation to share any such information with the Funds. In general, employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the portfolio managers of the Adviser, will make investment decisions without regard to information otherwise known by other employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and generally will have no obligation to access any such information and may, in some instances, not be able to access such information because of legal and regulatory constraints or the internal policies and procedures of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. For example, if the Adviser or another Ameriprise Financial affiliate, or their respective employees, come into possession of non-public information regarding another advised/managed fund or account, they may be prohibited by legal and regulatory constraints, or internal policies and procedures, from using that information in connection with transactions made on behalf of the Funds. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – The Adviser and Investment Advisory Services – Portfolio Manager(s) – The Adviser’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
Soft Dollar Benefits
Certain products and services, commonly referred to as “soft dollar services” (including, to the extent permitted by law, research reports, economic and financial data, financial publications, proxy analysis, computer databases and other research-oriented materials), that the Adviser may receive in connection with brokerage services provided to a Fund may have the inadvertent effect of disproportionately benefiting other advised/managed funds or accounts. This could happen because of the relative amount of brokerage services provided to a Fund as compared to other advised/managed funds or accounts, as well as the relative compensation paid by a Fund.
Services Provided to Other Advised/Managed Accounts
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates also may act as an investment adviser, investment manager, administrator, transfer agent, custodian, trustee, broker/dealer, agent, or in another capacity, for advised/managed funds and accounts other than the Funds, and may receive compensation for acting in such capacity. This compensation that the Adviser, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates receive could be greater than the compensation Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates receive for acting in the same or similar capacity for the Funds. In addition, the Adviser, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may receive other benefits, including enhancement of new or existing business relationships. This compensation and/or the benefits that Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may receive from other advised/managed funds and accounts and other relationships could potentially create incentives to favor other advised/managed funds and accounts over the Funds. Trades made by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates for the Funds may be, but are not required to be, aggregated with trades made for other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Adviser and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates. If trades are aggregated among the Funds and those other funds and accounts, the various prices of the securities being traded may be averaged, which could have the potential effect of disadvantaging the Funds as compared to the other funds and accounts with which trades were aggregated.
Proxy Voting
Although the Adviser endeavors to make all proxy voting decisions with respect to the interests of the Funds for which it is responsible in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures, the Adviser’s proxy voting decisions with respect to a Fund’s portfolio securities may nonetheless benefit other advised/managed
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funds and accounts, and/or clients, of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures that are designed to provide that all proxy voting is done in the best interests of its clients, including the Funds, without any resulting benefit or detriment to the Adviser and/or its affiliates, including Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. For more information about the Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.
Certain Trading Activities
The directors/trustees, officers and employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and in doing so may take a position that is adverse to the Funds. In order to reduce the possibility that such personal investment activities of the directors/trustees, officers and employees of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates will materially adversely affect the Funds, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have adopted policies and procedures, and the Funds, the Board, the Adviser and the Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics that addresses such personal investment activities. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services – Codes of Ethics.
Affiliate Transactions
Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, a Fund may enter into transactions in which Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates, or companies that are deemed to be affiliates of a Fund because of, among other factors, their or their affiliates’ ownership or control of shares of the Fund, may have an interest that potentially conflicts with the interests of the Fund. For example, an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial may sell securities to a Fund from an offering in which it is an underwriter or that it owns as a dealer, subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Applicable legal and regulatory requirements also may prevent a Fund from engaging in transactions with an affiliate of the Fund, which may include Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, or from participating in an investment opportunity in which an affiliate of a Fund participates.
Certain Investment Limitations
Regulatory and other restrictions may limit a Fund’s investment activities in various ways. For example, regulations regarding certain industries and markets, such as emerging or international markets, and certain transactions, such as those involving certain futures and derivatives as well as restrictions applicable to certain issuers (e.g., poison pills), may impose limits on the aggregate amount of investments that may be made by affiliated investors, including accounts owned or managed by the same or affiliated managers, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. In these circumstances, the Adviser may be prevented from acquiring securities for a Fund that it might otherwise prefer to acquire if the acquisition would cause the Fund and its affiliated investors to exceed an applicable limit. These types of regulatory and other applicable limits are complex and vary significantly in different contexts including, among others, from country to country, industry to industry and issuer to issuer. The Adviser has procedures in place designed to monitor potential conflicts arising from regulatory and other limits. Nonetheless, given the complexity of these limits, the Adviser and its affiliates may inadvertently breach these limits, and a Fund may therefore be required to sell securities that it might otherwise prefer to hold in order to comply with such limits. At certain times, a Fund may be restricted in its investment activities because of relationships that an affiliate of the Fund, which may include Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, may have with the issuers of securities. This could happen, for example, if a Fund desired to buy a security issued by a company for which Ameriprise Financial or an affiliate serves as underwriter. The internal policies and procedures of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates covering these types of restrictions and addressing similar issues also may at times restrict a Fund’s investment activities. See also About the Funds’ Investments – Certain Investment Activity Limits.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates’ Non-Advisory Relationships with Clients and Customers other than the Funds
The financial relationships that Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may have with companies and other entities in which a Fund may invest can give rise to actual and potential conflicts of interest. Subject to applicable
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legal and regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest (a) in the securities of Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates and/or in companies in which Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have an equity, debt or other interest, and/or (b) in the securities of companies held by other Columbia Funds. The purchase, holding and sale of such securities by a Fund may enhance the profitability and the business interests of Ameriprise Financial and/or its affiliates and/or other Columbia Funds. There also may be limitations as to the sharing with the Adviser of information derived from the non-investment advisory/management activities of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates because of legal and regulatory constraints and internal policies and procedures (such as information barriers and ethical walls). Because of these limitations, Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates generally will not share information derived from its non-investment advisory/management activities with the Adviser.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Ameriprise Financial Affiliates’ Marketing and Use of the Columbia Funds as Investment Options
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates also provide a variety of products and services that, in some manner, may utilize the Columbia Funds as investment options. For example, the Columbia Funds may be offered as investments in connection with brokerage and other securities products offered by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, and may be utilized as investments in connection with fiduciary, investment management and other accounts offered by affiliates of Ameriprise Financial, as well as for other Columbia Funds structured as “funds of funds.” The use of the Columbia Funds in connection with other products and services offered by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates may introduce economic and other conflicts of interest. These conflicts of interest are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials for the other products and services offered by Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates.
Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, including the Adviser, may make payments to their affiliates in connection with the promotion and sale of the Funds’ shares, in addition to the sales-related and other compensation that these parties may receive from the Funds. As a general matter, personnel of Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates, do not receive compensation in connection with their sales or use of the Funds that is greater than that paid in connection with their sales of other comparable products and services. Nonetheless, because the compensation that the Adviser and other affiliates of Ameriprise Financial may receive for providing services to the Funds is generally based on the Funds’ assets under management and those assets will grow as shares of the Funds are sold, potential conflicts of interest may exist. See Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices – Additional Financial Intermediary Payments for more information.
The Transfer Agent
Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly, RiverSource Service Corporation) is the transfer agent for the Funds. The Transfer Agent is located at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111. Under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent provides transfer agency, dividend disbursing agency and shareholder servicing agency services to the Funds. Effective September 7, 2010, the Funds pay the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $12.08 per account, payable monthly for all share classes, except for Class I shares, and, prior to September 7, 2010, paid the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) an annual transfer agency fee of $22.36 per account, payable monthly.
In addition, effective September 7, 2010, the Funds reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds in an annual amount equal to 0.20% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in such omnibus accounts (other than omnibus accounts for which American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc. is the broker of record or accounts where the beneficial owner is a customer of Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., for which the Transfer Agent is reimbursed $16.00 annually, calculated monthly based on the total number of positions in such accounts at the end of such month) for all share classes, except for Class I, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares. For Class R4 and Class R5 shares, the Funds reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds subject to an annual
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limitation of 0.05% of the net assets attributable to such shares. Prior to September 7, 2010, the Funds reimbursed the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent paid to financial intermediaries that maintained omnibus accounts with the Funds, subject to a cap of up to $22.36 per account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent on a per account basis and a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by such an account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets.
The Funds also pay certain reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses of the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent also may retain as additional compensation for its services revenues for fees for wire, telephone and redemption orders, IRA trustee agent fees and account transcripts due the Transfer Agent from Fund shareholders and credits (net of bank charges) earned with respect to balances in accounts the Transfer Agent maintains in connection with its services to the Funds.
For the period November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2009, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual transfer agency fee of $17.34 per account, payable monthly. In addition, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid for the fees and expenses the Previous Transfer Agent paid to third party dealer firms that maintained omnibus accounts with certain of the Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account. For the period April 1, 2006 through October 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual fee of $17.00 per account, payable monthly. For the period September 1, 2005 through October 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was entitled to reimbursement by certain Funds for the fees and expenses that the Previous Transfer Agent paid to dealer firms or transfer agents that maintained omnibus accounts with such Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.11% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account.
The Funds that offer Class R4 shares have a Plan Administration Services Agreement with the Transfer Agent. Under the agreement, the Funds pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and Health Savings Accounts (HSAs). The fee for services is equal on an annual basis to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of each Fund attributable to Class R4 shares.
Transfer agency costs for each Fund are calculated separately for each of (i) Class Y shares, (ii) Class R4 and Class R5 shares and (iii) all other share classes (except Class I shares, which pay no transfer agency fees). Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, the Administrator pays the Transfer Agency Fees of U.S. Treasury Index Fund on behalf of the Fund. The fees paid to the Transfer Agent may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.
The Transfer Agent retains BFDS/DST, 2 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, MA 02171 as the Funds’ sub-transfer agent. BFDS/DST assists the Transfer Agent in carrying out its duties.
The Custodian
State Street, which is located at State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111, is the Funds’ Custodian. State Street is responsible for safeguarding the Funds’ cash and securities, receiving and delivering securities and collecting the Funds’ interest and dividends.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which is located at 125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The Funds issue unaudited financial statements semi-annually and audited financial statements annually. The financial statements for the fiscal years ended on or after August 31, 2009 contained in a Fund’s Annual Report were audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The Board has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Funds’ books and review their tax returns for the fiscal years ended on or after August 31, 2010.
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The Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements are included in the annual reports to shareholders of the Funds, and are incorporated herein by reference. No other parts of the annual reports or semi-annual reports to shareholders are incorporated by reference herein. The financial statements incorporated by reference into the Funds’ prospectuses and this SAI have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, given on its authority as an expert in auditing and accounting.
Counsel
Ropes & Gray LLP serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Its address is One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. K&L Gates LLP serves as co-counsel. Its address is 1601 K Street N.W., Washington, DC, 20006-1600.
Distribution and Servicing Plans
The Trust has adopted distribution and/or shareholder servicing plans for the Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares, Class E shares, Class F shares, Class R shares, Class R4 shares, Class T shares and Class W shares of the Funds. See Capital Stock and Other Securities for information about which Funds offer which classes of shares. The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, Class E shares, Class F shares or Class T shares, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in any such shares. See the prospectuses for these share classes of the Funds for details.
The table below shows the maximum annual distribution and/or services fees (payable monthly and calculated based on an annual percentage of average daily net assets) and the combined amount of such fees applicable to each share class:
Distribution Fee | Service Fee | Combined Total | ||||
Class A | up to 0.10% | 0.25% | up to 0.35%a,b | |||
Class B | 0.75% | 0.25% | 1.00%b | |||
Class C | 0.75% | 0.25% | 1.00%b,c | |||
Class E | 0.10% | 0.25% | 0.35% | |||
Class F | 0.75% | 0.25% | 1.00% | |||
Class I | none | none | none | |||
Class R | 0.50% | — d | 0.50% | |||
Class R4 | none | 0.25%e | 0.25%e | |||
Class R5 | none | none | none | |||
Class T | none | 0.50%f | 0.50%f | |||
Class W | 0.25% | 0.25% | 0.25% | |||
Class Y | none | none | none | |||
Class Z | none | none | none |
a | As shown in the table below, the maximum distribution and service fees of Class A shares varies among the Funds. |
Columbia funds | Class A Distribution Fee | Class A Service Fee | Class A Combined Total | |||||||||
Balanced Fund, Contrarian Core Fund, Dividend Income Fund, Intermediate Bond Fund, Large Cap Growth Fund, Mid Cap Growth Fund, Real Estate Equity Fund, Small Cap Core Fund, Small Cap Growth Fund I | 0.10 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.35 | %* | ||||||
Bond Fund, Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Corporate Income Fund, Emerging Markets Fund, Energy and Natural Resources Fund, High Yield Opportunity Fund, International Bond Fund, Pacific/Asia Fund, Select Large Cap Growth Fund, Small Cap Value Fund I, Strategic Income Fund, Strategic Investor Fund, U.S. Treasury Index Fund, Value and Restructuring Fund | — | 0.25 | % | 0.25 | % | |||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | — | 0.20 | % | 0.20 | % |
* | The indicated Funds may pay distribution and service fees up to a maximum of 0.35% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares (comprised of up to 0.10% for distribution services and up to 0.25% for shareholder liaison services) but currently limit such fees to an aggregate fee of not more than 0.25% for Class A shares. |
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b | Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.10% on net assets attributable to shares of the Fund issued prior to December 1, 1994, and 0.25% on net assets attributable to Fund shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.10% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the blended service fee was 0.24% of the Fund’s average net assets. Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Strategic Income Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.15% on net assets attributable to shares of this Fund issued prior to January 1, 1993 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for all Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.15% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, the blended service fee was 0.25% of the Fund’s average net assets. |
c | The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the distribution fee for Class C shares of the following Funds so that the combined distribution and service fee (or the distribution fee for Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund) does not exceed the specified percentage annually: 0.45% for Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund; 0.80% for High Yield Municipal Fund; 0.85% for Corporate Income Fund, Intermediate Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund and U.S. Treasury Index Fund. These arrangements may be modified or terminated by the Distributor at any time. |
d | Class R shares pay a distribution fee pursuant to a Fund’s distribution (Rule 12b-1) plan for Class R shares. The Funds do not have a shareholder service plan for Class R shares. |
e | The shareholder service fees for Class R4 shares are not paid pursuant to a 12b-1 plan. Under a Plan Administration Services Agreement, the Funds’ Class R4 shares pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and health savings accounts. |
f | The shareholder servicing fees for Class T shares are up to 0.50% of average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for equity Funds and 0.40% for fixed income Funds. The Funds currently limit such fees to a maximum of 0.30% for equity Funds and 0.15% for fixed income Funds. See Class T Shares Shareholder Service Fees below for more information. |
The shareholder servicing plan permits the Funds to compensate or reimburse servicing agents for the shareholder services they have provided. The Distribution Plan, adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, permits the Funds to compensate or reimburse the Distributor and/or selling agents for activities or expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of the classes’ shares. Payments are made at an annual rate and paid monthly, as a percentage of average daily net assets, set from time to time by the Board, and are charged as expenses of each Fund directly to the applicable share class. A substantial portion of the expenses incurred pursuant to these plans may be paid to affiliates of the Distributor and Ameriprise Financial.
Under the shareholder servicing plan, the Board must review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts paid under the servicing agreements and the purposes for which those expenditures were made. The initial term of the shareholder servicing plan is one year and it will continue in effect from year to year after its initial one-year term provided that its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the shareholder servicing plan or in any agreement related to it. Any material amendment to the shareholder servicing plan must be approved in the same manner. The shareholder servicing plan is terminable at any time with respect to the Funds by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees.
The Trustees believe the Distribution Plan could be a significant factor in the growth and retention of a Fund’s assets resulting in more advantageous expense ratios and increased investment flexibility which could benefit each class of Fund shareholders. The Distribution Plan will continue in effect from year to year so long as continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees. The Distribution Plan may not be amended to increase the fee materially without approval by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares, and all material amendments of the Distribution Plan must be approved by the Trustees in the manner provided in the foregoing sentence. The Distribution Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares.
Class T Shares Shareholder Service Fees
The Funds that offer Class T shares have adopted a shareholder servicing plan that permits them to pay for certain services provided to Class T shareholders by their selling and/or servicing agents. Equity Funds may pay
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shareholder service fees up to an aggregate annual rate of 0.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares (comprised of up to 0.25% for shareholder liaison services and up to 0.25% for administrative support services), but such fees will not exceed the Fund’s net investment income attributable to Class T shares. These fees are currently limited to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.30% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative support services. Fixed income Funds may pay shareholder service fees up to an aggregate annual rate of 0.40% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares (comprised of an annual rate of up to 0.20% for shareholder liaison services and up to 0.20% for administrative support services), but such fees will not exceed the Fund’s net investment income attributable to Class T shares. These fees are currently limited to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.15% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative support services. The Funds consider “administrative support services” to include, without limitation, (i) aggregating and processing purchase and redemption orders, (ii) providing beneficial owners with statements showing their positions in the Fund, (iii) processing dividend payments, (iv) providing sub-accounting services for Fund shares held beneficially, (v) forwarding shareholder communications, such as proxies, shareholder reports, dividend and tax notices, and updating prospectuses to beneficial owners, (vi) receiving, tabulating and transmitting proxies executed by the beneficial owners, (vii) sub-transfer agent services for beneficial owners of the Fund shares and (viii) other similar services.
Distribution and Service Fees Paid by the Funds
The Distributor and the Previous Distributor received distribution and service fees from the Funds for their services as reflected in the following charts, which show distribution and service fees paid to and waived by, as applicable, the Distributor and the Previous Distributor, for the most recently completed fiscal year, except as otherwise indicated. The Trust is not aware as to what amount, if any, of the distribution and service fees paid to the Distributor and Previous Distributor were, on a Fund-by-Fund basis, used for advertising, printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders, compensation to broker-dealers, compensation to sales personnel, or interest, carrying or other financing charges. Class Y shares and Class Z shares do not pay distribution and service fees.
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010*
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | ||||||||||||
Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $ | 13,110 | N/A | |||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 29,341 | — | $ | 4,370 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 56,609 | $ | 84,028 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 204,427 | $ | 18,855 | $ | 28,014 | N/A | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | $ | 16,837 | N/A | |||||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | $ | 7,090 | N/A | |||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 10,730 | N/A | $ | 2,363 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | $ | 89,532 | N/A | |||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 95,419 | N/A | $ | 29,844 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | $ | 159,958 | $ | 266,146 | $ | 239,468 | $ | 8,902 | ||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 399,760 | $ | 88,709 | $ | 79,839 | N/A | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 159,958 | — | $ | 47,893 | N/A |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | ||||||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | $ | 2,781 | N/A | |||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 1,579 | N/A | $ | 927 | N/A | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | — | N/A | ||||||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | $ | 14,917 | $ | 618 | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 769,303 | N/A | $ | 4,972 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | — | — | ||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 56,393 | $ | 184,245 | — | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 148,960 | $ | 18,798 | $ | 61,427 | — | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | $ | 36,843 | — | |||||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | N/A | $ | 473,717 | $ | 258,974 | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 610,589 | N/A | $ | 157,906 | — | ||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | N/A | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010
Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class J Shares* | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $ | 10,429 | $ | 147,519 | $ | 8,223 | $ | 89,599 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 41,009 | $ | 429,929 | $ | 3,469 | $ | 49,173 | $ | 2,714 | $ | 29,852 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | $ | 1,645 | $ | 17,946 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||
International Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | N/A | N/A | $ | 64 | $ | 317 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 213 | $ | 1,522 | N/A | N/A | $ | 195 | $ | 949 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | N/A | N/A | — | — | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $ | 59,732 | $ | 774,956 | $ | 126,549 | $ | 1,320,458 | — | $ | 28,560 | |||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 216,952 | $ | 2,300,745 | $ | 19,540 | $ | 255,683 | $ | 42,458 | $ | 435,805 | — | $ | 20,076 | |||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | $ | 25,310 | $ | 262,023 | — | — |
* | On July 27, 2009, Strategic Income Fund liquidated and terminated Class J shares. |
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Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010
Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | ||||||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $7,716 | $46,609 | $9,271 | $44,660 | ||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $27,169 | $112,152 | $2,058 | $12,428 | $3,090 | $14,887 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $32,481 | $188,879 | $68,350 | $327,919 | ||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $266,253 | $1,175,984 | $10,827 | $ 62,959 | $22,783 | $109,306 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2010*1
Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class R Shares | Class T Shares** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | Distributor | Previous Distributor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $17,743 | $36,746 | $60,965 | $80,541 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $48,934 | $48,551 | $ 5,914 | $12,249 | $20,477 | $26,809 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $15,838 | $40,577 | $26,090 | $50,883 | $8,167 | $13,987 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $55,624 | $101,648 | $ 5,279 | $13,526 | $ 8,697 | $16,961 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — |
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Small Cap Growth Fund I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $6,386 | $14,230 | $35,553 | $61,671 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $54,406 | $102,137 | $2,129 | $ 4,743 | $11,851 | $20,557 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — |
| — |
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| — |
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| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
| N/A |
|
| N/A |
| ||||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | — | $55,413 | $127,463 | $43,771 | $99,781 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $127,413 | $277,644 | $18,471 | $ 42,488 | $14,590 | $33,260 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — |
| — |
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| — |
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| — |
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| — |
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| — |
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| N/A |
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| N/A |
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| N/A |
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| N/A |
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* | All amounts were paid to or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
** | Paid pursuant to the Shareholder Services Plan for Class T shares. |
1 | Unaudited. |
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2009*
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class E Shares | Class F Shares | Class R Shares | Class T Shares** | |||||||||||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 20,833 | $ | 23,402 | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 35,066 | $ | 6,953 | $ | 7,797 | N/A | N/A | N/A | $ | 299,111 | |||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 192,252 | $ | 194,696 | N/A | N/A | $ | 689 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 810,948 | $ | 64,084 | $ | 64,929 | N/A | N/A | — | $ | 179,754 | |||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | — | — |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class E Shares | Class F Shares | Class R Shares | Class T Shares** | |||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 227,129 | $ | 118,242 | $ | 11,426 | $ | 1,852 | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 308,522 | $ | 75,710 | $ | 39,444 | $ | 28,565 | $ | 617 | N/A | $ | 380,511 | |||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | — | — | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 113,507 | $ | 116,645 | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 183,736 | $ | 37,882 | $ | 38,938 | N/A | N/A | N/A | $ | 191,678 | |||||||||||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
** | Paid pursuant to the Shareholder Services Plan for Class T shares. |
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Fund for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009*
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | |||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 68,025 | $ | 89,850 | |||||||
Service Fee | $ | 171,733 | $ | 21,786 | $ | 28,797 | ||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | $ | 35,944 |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Fund for the Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009*
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | |||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 26,912 | $ | 26,164 | |||||||
Service Fee | $ | 35,816 | $ | 8,971 | $ | 8,721 | ||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
Distribution and Services Fees Paid by the Fund for the Fiscal Period Ended December 31, 2009*, 1
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | |||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 8,375 | $ | 9,509 | |||||||
Service Fee | $ | 14,539 | $ | 2,791 | $ | 3,170 | ||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | — | — | — |
* | All amounts were paid to or waived by the Previous Distributor. |
1 | Data for the fiscal period September 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009. |
The Distributor may use the entire amount of its fees to defray the costs of commissions and service fees paid to selling and/or servicing agents and for certain other purposes. Since the distribution and service fees are payable regardless of the Distributor’s expenses, the Distributor may realize a profit from the fees. The Distribution Plan authorizes any other payments by the Funds to the Distributor and its affiliates (including the Adviser) to the extent that such payments might be construed to be indirectly financing the distribution of a Fund’s shares.
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The Funds participate in joint distribution activities with other Columbia Funds. The fees paid under the Distribution Plan adopted by a Fund may be used to finance the distribution of the shares of other Columbia Funds. Such distribution costs are allocated based on the relative net asset size of the respective Funds.
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The Funds, the Adviser and the Distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act, including Rule 17j–1 under the 1940 Act. These Codes of Ethics permit personnel subject to the Codes of Ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be bought or held by the Funds. These Codes of Ethics are included as exhibits to Part C of the Funds’ registration statement. These Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room and may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202.551.8090; they also are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, and may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549–1520.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Funds have delegated to the Adviser, or as applicable, the subadviser, the responsibility to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Funds. In deciding to delegate this responsibility to the Adviser, the Board reviewed and approved the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and, as applicable, a subadviser. These included the procedures that the Adviser follows when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the Funds and their shareholders and the Adviser (or subadviser), its affiliates, its other clients or other persons.
The Adviser’s policy is to vote all proxies for Fund securities in a manner considered by the Adviser to be in the best interest of the Funds and their shareholders without regard to any benefit to the Adviser, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Adviser examines each proposal and votes against the proposal, if, in its judgment, approval or adoption of the proposal would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities. The Adviser also examines each proposal and votes the proxies against the proposal, if, in its judgment, the proposal would be expected to affect adversely the best interest of the Funds. The Adviser determines the best interest of the Funds in light of the potential economic return on each Fund’s investment.
The Adviser seeks to address potential material conflicts of interest by having predetermined voting guidelines. For those proposals that require special consideration or in instances where special circumstances may require varying from the predetermined guideline, the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Committee determines the vote in the best interest of the Funds, without consideration of any benefit to the Adviser, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Adviser’s Proxy Voting Committee is composed of representatives of the Adviser’s equity investments, equity research, compliance, legal and operations functions. In addition to the responsibilities described above, the Proxy Voting Committee has the responsibility to review, at least annually, the Adviser’s proxy voting policies to ensure consistency with internal policies and regulatory requirements and to develop additional predetermined voting guidelines to assist in the review of proxy proposals.
The Proxy Voting Committee may vary from a predetermined guideline if it determines that voting on the proposal according to the predetermined guideline would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities or to affect adversely the best interest of the Funds. References to the best interests of the Funds refer to the interest of the Funds in terms of the potential economic return on the client’s investment. In determining the vote on any proposal, the Proxy Voting Committee does not consider any benefit other than benefits to the Funds. A member of the Proxy Voting Committee is prohibited from voting on any proposal for which he or she has a conflict of interest by reason of a direct relationship with the issuer or other party affected by a given proposal. Persons making recommendations to the Proxy Voting Committee or its members are required to disclose to the Committee any relationship with a party making a proposal or other matter known to the person that would create a potential conflict of interest.
The Adviser has retained Glass-Lewis & Co., a third-party vendor, to implement its proxy voting process. Glass-Lewis & Co. provides proxy analysis, record keeping services and vote disclosure services.
Information regarding how the Columbia Funds (except certain Columbia Funds that do not invest in voting securities) voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve month period ended June 30 will be available by August 31 of this year free of charge: (i) through the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiamanagement.com and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. For a copy of the Adviser’s (and subadviser’s) policies and procedures that are used to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Columbia Funds, see Appendix B to this SAI.
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Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight
The Board oversees the Trust and the Funds. The Trustees are responsible for overseeing the management and operations of the Trust. The Board consists of ten Trustees who have varied experience and skills. Nine of the Trustees, including the Chairman of the Board, are Independent Trustees. The remaining Trustee, Mr. William E. Mayer, may technically be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Columbia Funds by reason of his affiliation with WR Hambrecht + Co., a registered broker/dealer that may execute portfolio transactions for, engage in principal transactions with, or distribute shares of a Fund or other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or any subadviser to a Fund. Further information about the backgrounds and qualifications of the Trustees can be found in the section Trustee Biographical Information and Qualifications. The Board has several standing committees, which are an integral part of each Fund’s overall governance and risk oversight structure. The committees include the Audit Committee, the Governance Committee, the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee, the Compliance Committee and the Investment Oversight Committees. A majority of the members of each of the committees are Independent Trustees. The roles of each committee are more fully described in the section Standing Committees below.
The Funds have retained the Adviser as the Funds’ investment adviser and administrator. The Adviser provides the Funds with investment advisory services, and is responsible for day-to-day administration of the Funds and management of the risks that arise from the Funds’ investments and operations. The Board provides oversight of the services provided by the Adviser, including risk management services. In addition, each committee of the Board provides oversight of the Adviser’s risk management services with respect to the particular activities within the committee’s purview. In the course of providing oversight, the Board and the committees receive a wide range of reports with respect to the Funds’ activities, including reports regarding each Fund’s investment portfolio, the compliance of the Funds with applicable laws, and the Funds’ financial accounting and reporting. The Board and the relevant committees meet periodically with officers of the Funds and the Adviser, with independent consultants hired by the Board, and with representatives of various of the Funds’ service providers. The Board and certain committees also meet periodically with the Funds’ chief compliance officer, who also serves as chief compliance officer of the Adviser, to receive reports regarding the compliance of the Funds and the Adviser with the federal securities laws and their internal compliance policies and procedures. In addition, the Board meets periodically with the portfolio managers of the Funds to receive reports regarding the management of the Funds, including their investment risks.
The Board reviews its leadership structure periodically and believes that its structure is appropriate, in light of the size of the Trust and the nature of its business, to enable the Board to exercise its oversight of the Funds and the other investment companies overseen by the Trustees. In particular, the Board believes that having an Independent Trustee serve as the chair of the Board and having other Independent Trustees serve as chairs of each committee promotes independence from the Adviser in setting agendas and conducting meetings. The Board believes that its committee structure makes the oversight process more efficient and more effective by allowing, among other things, smaller groups of Trustees to bring increased focus to matters within the purview of each committee.
Standing Committees
Ms. Verville and Messrs. Collins, Hacker and Nelson are members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee’s functions include making recommendations to the Board regarding the selection and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviewing matters relating to accounting and auditing practices and procedures, accounting records and the internal accounting controls of the Funds and certain service providers.
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Messrs. Drake, Hacker, Mayer and Simpson are members of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee’s functions include recommending to the Board nominees for Independent Trustee positions and for appointments to various committees, overseeing the Board’s periodic evaluations of the effectiveness of the Board, reviewing and recommending to the Board governance and other policies and practices to be followed in carrying out the Trustees’ duties and responsibilities and reviewing and making recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of the Trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser.
The Governance Committee will consider nominees for Trustee recommended by shareholders provided that such recommendations are submitted by the date disclosed in a Fund’s proxy statement and otherwise comply with applicable securities laws, including Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act. Such shareholder recommendations must be in writing and should be sent to the attention of the Governance Committee in care of the Fund at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111-2621. Shareholder recommendations should include the proposed nominee’s biographical information (including business experience for the past ten years) and a description of the qualifications of the proposed nominee, along with a statement from the proposed nominee that he or she is willing to serve and meets the requirements to be a disinterested Trustee, if applicable.
Ms. Kelly and Messrs. Hacker, Mayer, Nelson, Neuhauser and Piel are members of the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee. The Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee’s functions include reviewing and making recommendations to the Board as to contracts requiring approval of a majority of the Independent Trustees and as to any other contracts that may be referred to the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee by the Board.
Mses. Kelly and Verville and Messrs. Nelson and Simpson are members of the Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committee’s functions include, among other things, monitoring, supervising and assessing the performance of each Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer and reviewing her compensation, reviewing periodically and recommending changes to the codes of ethics and compliance policies of each Fund and its service providers, and reviewing each Fund’s portfolio execution.
Each Trustee also serves on an Investment Oversight Committee (IOC). Each IOC is responsible for monitoring, on an ongoing basis, a select group of funds in the Columbia Funds Family and gives particular consideration to such matters as each Fund’s adherence to its investment mandates, historical performance, changes in investment processes and personnel, and proposed changes to investment objectives. Investment personnel who manage the Funds attend IOC meetings from time to time to assist each IOC in its review of the Funds. Each IOC meets four times a year, as the applicable IOC did for each Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year. The below are members of the respective IOCs and the general categories of funds in the Columbia Funds Family which they review. These asset categories may be reassigned among the IOCs from time to time.
IOC #1: Mr. Neuhauser and Ms. Verville are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Global Stock, International Stock, Large Growth, Mid Value; Fixed Income – Core and Municipal.
IOC #2: Messrs. Collins, Hacker and Mayer are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Large Value, Small Growth, Specialty; Fixed Income – High Yield, Multi-Sector and Municipal.
IOC #3: Mr. Piel and Ms. Kelly are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Asset Allocation, Index, Large Value, Mid Value, Small Core, Small Value, Money Market; Fixed Income – Municipal and Short Duration.
IOC #4: Messrs. Drake, Nelson and Simpson are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Asset Allocation, Large Blend, Mid Growth, Multi Blend, Small Growth, Specialty; Fixed Income – Core, Municipal and Short Duration.
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The table below shows the number of times each committee met during each Fund’s most recent fiscal year. The table is organized by fiscal year end.
Fiscal Period | Audit Committee | Governance Committee | Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee | Compliance Committee | Investment Oversight Committee | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending March 31 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending May 31 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending June 30 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending August 31 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending September 30 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending October 31 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending December 31 | 3 | a | 2 | a | 4 | a | 4 | a | 1 | a |
a | In 2009, Real Estate Equity Fund changed its fiscal year end from August 31 to December 31. The number of committee meetings in the table above reflects the period from September 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2009, the Audit Committee met six times, the Governance Committee met six times, the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee met eight times, the Compliance Committee met six times and each IOC met four times. |
Trustee Biographical Information and Qualifications
The following provides an overview of the considerations that led the Board to conclude that each individual serving as a Trustee should so serve. Generally, no one factor was decisive in the selection of an individual to join the Board. Among the factors the Board considered when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individual’s business and professional experience and accomplishments; (ii) the individual’s ability to work effectively with the other Trustees; (iii) the individual’s prior experience, if any, serving on the boards of public companies (including, where relevant, other investment companies) and other complex enterprises and organizations; and (iv) how the individual’s skills, experience and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board.
In respect of each current Trustee, the individual’s substantial professional accomplishments and experience, including in fields related to the operations of the Fund, were a significant factor in the determination that, in light of the business and structure of the Trust, the individual should serve as a Trustee. Following is a summary of each Trustee’s particular professional experience and additional considerations that contributed to the Board’s conclusion that an individual should serve as a Trustee:
Rodman L. Drake – Mr. Drake has significant experience serving as a CEO on boards of directors for public companies, including investment companies. This experience includes holding such positions with the various boards as chairman, lead independent director, and chairman of the nominating, compensation and audit committees. Mr. Drake is Co-Founder of Baringo Capital LLC, and was previously the CEO of a hybrid REIT, president of a private equity firm and the CEO of a leading management consulting firm.
John D. Collins – Mr. Collins was a partner at KPMG, LLP, where he worked for 37 years until his retirement in 1999. Mr. Collins has served on the board of directors for multiple companies. While with KPMG LLP, Mr. Collins was a senior audit partner. He also served on the International Auditing Procedures Committee.
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Douglas A. Hacker – Mr. Hacker has extensive executive experience, having served in various executive roles with United Airlines and more recently as an independent business executive. Mr. Hacker also has experience on other boards of directors. As former chief financial officer of United Airlines, Mr. Hacker has significant experience in accounting and financial management, including in a public company setting.
Janet Langford Kelly – Ms. Kelly is Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary for ConocoPhillips. Prior to joining ConocoPhillips Ms. Kelly held senior legal and leadership roles in other large corporations and law firms, including as a partner at the law firms Sidley & Austin and at Zelle, Hoffman, Voelbel, Mason and Gette. Ms. Kelly has previously served on the board of directors for a public company and various industry groups and non-profit organizations.
Charles R. Nelson – Dr. Nelson is an experienced investment company trustee, having served on the Board, and the boards of predecessor funds, since 1981. Professor of Economics at the University of Washington since 1976, he has written several books, authored numerous articles in economics and finance, and served on editorial boards of professional journals. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society and his contributions were the subject of a conference at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta in 2006. Additionally, he is an experienced consultant on economic and statistical matters.
John J. Neuhauser – Dr. Neuhauser is an experienced investment company trustee, having served on the Board since 1985 and on the boards of other investment companies. In addition to his board experience, Dr. Neuhauser has extensive executive experience. He is currently the President of Saint Michael’s College and has served in a variety of other leadership roles in higher education.
Jonathan Piel – Mr. Piel has served since 1994 as a trustee of mutual funds advised successively by U.S. Trust, Charles Schwab and the Adviser. In addition to this significant oversight experience he was the Editor of Scientific American and a vice president of Scientific American, Inc. He is also a member of the board of several not-for-profit organizations.
Patrick J. Simpson – Mr. Simpson is a partner at the law firm Perkins Coie L.L.P. Mr. Simpson’s practice includes such relevant areas as corporate governance and securities compliance.
Anne-Lee Verville – Ms. Verville has significant executive experience. Prior to her retirement in 1997, she held various leadership and executive roles with IBM Corporation. Ms. Verville has previously served on the board of directors for a public company and non-profit organizations.
William E. Mayer – Mr. Mayer has significant executive and board experience with financial services and investment companies. Mr. Mayer, currently a partner at a private equity firm, also has significant executive experience and experience working in finance. Previously, Mr. Mayer was a professor and Dean of the College of Business and Management at the University of Maryland and was President and CEO of The First Boston Corporation.
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The following table provides additional biographical information about the Trustees as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. The mailing address of each Trustee is: c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center, Mail Stop MA5-515-11-05, Boston, MA 02111.
Independent Trustee Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth the Trust | Year First Appointed or Elected as Trustee to any Fund Currently in the Columbia Funds Complex or a Predecessor Thereof | Principal Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held by Past Five Years | ||||||||
Rodman L. Drake (Born 1943) Trustee and Chairman of the Board | 1994 | Independent consultant since 2010; Co-Founder of Baringo Capital LLC (private equity) from 1997 to 2008; CEO of Crystal River Capital, Inc. (real estate investment trust) from 2003 to 2010 | 64 | Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. (tax preparation services); Student Loan Corporation (student loan provider); Celgene Corporation (global biotechnology company); Crystal River Capital, Inc. from 2005 to 2010; Parsons Brinckerhoff from 1995-2008; and The Helios Funds (exchange-traded funds); Apex Silver Mines Ltd. from 2007 to 2009 | ||||||||
John D. Collins (Born 1938) Trustee | 2005 | Retired. Consultant, KPMG, LLP (accounting and tax firm) from July 1999 to June 2000; Partner, KPMG, LLP (accounting and tax firm) from March 1962 to June 1999 | 64 | Mrs. Fields Original Cookies, Inc. (consumer products); Suburban Propane Partners, L.P.; and Montpelier Re (insurance underwriting firm) | ||||||||
Douglas A. Hacker (Born 1955) Trustee | 1996 | Independent business executive since May 2006; Executive Vice President – Strategy of United Airlines from December 2002 to May 2006; President of UAL Loyalty Services (airline marketing company) from September 2001 to December 2002; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of United Airlines from July 1999 to September 2001 | 64 | Nash Finch Company (food distributor) and Aircastle Limited (aircraft leasing) |
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Name, Year of Birth the Trust | Year First Appointed or Elected as Trustee to any Fund Currently in the Columbia Funds Complex or a Predecessor Thereof | Principal Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held by Past Five Years | ||||||||
Janet Langford Kelly (Born 1957) Trustee | 1996 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, ConocoPhillips (integrated energy company) since September 2007; Deputy General Counsel – Corporate Legal Services, ConocoPhillips from August 2006 to August 2007; Partner, Zelle, Hofmann, Voelbel, Mason & Gette LLP (law firm) from March 2005 to July 2006; Adjunct Professor of Law, Northwestern University from September 2004 to June 2006; Director, UAL Corporation (airline) from February 2006 to July 2006; Chief Administrative Officer and Senior Vice President, Kmart Holding Corporation (consumer goods) from September 2003 to March 2004 | 64 | None | ||||||||
Charles R. Nelson (Born 1942) Trustee | 1981 | Professor of Economics, University of Washington since January 1976; Ford and Louisa Van Voorhis Professor of Political Economy, University of Washington since September 1993; Adjunct Professor of Statistics, University of Washington since September 1980; Associate Editor, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking from September 1993 to 2008; consultant on econometric and statistical matters | 64 | None |
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Name, Year of Birth the Trust | Year First Appointed or Elected as Trustee to any Fund Currently in the Columbia Funds Complex or a Predecessor Thereof | Principal Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held by Past Five Years | ||||||||
John J. Neuhauser (Born 1943) Trustee | 1984 | President, Saint Michael’s College, since August 2007; University Professor, Boston College from November 2005 to August 2007; Director or Trustee of several non-profit organizations, including Fletcher Allen Health Care, Inc.; Academic Vice President and Dean of Faculties, Boston College from August 1999 to October 2005 | 64 | Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (closed-end funds) | ||||||||
Jonathan Piel (Born 1938) Trustee | 1994 | Cable television producer and web site designer; The Editor, Scientific American from 1984 to 1994; Vice President, Scientific American, Inc. from 1984 to 1994; Member, Advisory Board, Stone Age Institute, Bloomington, Indiana (research institute that explores the effect of technology on human evolution); Member, Board of Directors of the National Institute of Social Sciences, New York City; Member, Board of Trustees of the William Alanson White Institute, New York City (institution for training psychoanalysts); Member, Advisory Board, Mount Sinai Children’s Environmental Health Center, New York | 64 | None | ||||||||
Patrick J. Simpson (Born 1944) Trustee | 2000 | Partner, Perkins Coie L.L.P. (law firm) | 64 | None |
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Name, Year of Birth the Trust | Year First Appointed or Elected as Trustee to any Fund Currently in the Columbia Funds Complex or a Predecessor Thereof | Principal Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held by Past Five Years | ||||||||
Anne-Lee Verville (Born 1945) Trustee | 1998 | Retired since 1997 (formerly, General Manager, Global Education Industry from 1994 to 1997; President – Application Systems Division from 1991 to 1994; Chief Financial Officer – US Marketing & Services from 1988 to 1991; and Chief Information Officer from 1987 to 1988, IBM Corporation (computer and technology)) | 64 | Enesco Group, Inc. (producer of giftware and home and garden decor products) from 2001 to 2006 |
Interested Trustee Biographical Information
Name, Year of | Year First Appointed or Elected as Trustee to any Fund Currently in the Columbia Funds Complex or a Predecessor Thereof | Principal | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the | ||||||||
William E. Mayer * (Born 1940) Trustee | 1994 | Partner, Park Avenue Equity Partners (private equity) since February 1999; Dean and Professor, College of Business and Management University of Maryland from 1992 to 1996 | 64 | DynaVox Inc. (software developer); Lee Enterprises (print media); WR Hambrecht + Co. (financial service provider); and BlackRock Kelso Capital Corporation (investment company) |
* | Mr. Mayer may technically be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Columbia Funds by reason of his affiliation with WR Hambrecht + Co., a registered broker/dealer that may execute portfolio transactions for, engage in principal transactions with, or distribute shares of a Fund or other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Adviser or any subadviser to a Fund. |
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Compensation
Trustees are compensated for their services to the Columbia Funds complex on a complex-wide basis, as shown in the table below.
Aggregate Compensation from Fund Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Rodman L. Drake(1) | John D. Collins(2) | Douglas A. Hacker | Janet Langford Kelly | Charles R. Nelson | John J. Neuhauser | Jonathan Piel | Patrick J. Simpson(3) | Thomas C. Theobald(4) | Anne-Lee Verville(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending March 31 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bond Fund | $ | 4,544 | $ | 3,582 | $ | 3,867 | $ | 3,600 | $ | 3,820 | $ | 3,533 | $ | 3,305 | $ | 3,599 | $ | 3,154 | $ | 3,739 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,526 | $ | 1,590 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 3,599 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | $ | 4,205 | $ | 3,321 | $ | 3,586 | $ | 3,337 | $ | 3,547 | $ | 3,276 | $ | 3,065 | $ | 3,337 | $ | 2,923 | $ | 3,469 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,416 | $ | 1,480 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 3,337 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 3,100 | $ | 2,472 | $ | 2,678 | $ | 3,099 | $ | 1,969 | $ | 2,446 | $ | 2,292 | $ | 2,355 | $ | 2,172 | $ | 2,601 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 2,060 | $ | 2,188 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 2,355 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | $ | 3,888 | $ | 3,086 | $ | 3,341 | $ | 1,920 | $ | 2,671 | $ | 3,060 | $ | 2,868 | $ | 2,977 | $ | 2,691 | $ | 3,250 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 2,575 | $ | 2,738 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 2,977 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | $ | 13,357 | $ | 10,532 | $ | 11,358 | $ | 10,581 | $ | 11,198 | $ | 10,374 | $ | 9,698 | $ | 10,555 | $ | 9,353 | $ | 10,967 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 4,491 | $ | 4,604 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 10,555 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | $ | 1,588 | $ | 1,260 | $ | 1,363 | $ | 1,267 | $ | 1,353 | $ | 1,244 | $ | 1,165 | $ | 1,306 | $ | 1,104 | $ | 1,320 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,060 | $ | 1,118 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,306 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 7,034 | $ | 5,587 | $ | 6,059 | $ | 5,625 | $ | 6,079 | $ | 5,569 | $ | 5,226 | $ | 4,880 | $ | 4,870 | $ | 5,919 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 4,591 | $ | 4,937 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 4,880 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | $ | 3,628 | $ | 2,846 | $ | 3,067 | $ | 2,854 | $ | 3,008 | $ | 2,789 | $ | 2,606 | $ | 2,836 | $ | 2,471 | $ | 2,947 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,204 | $ | 1,262 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 2,836 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | $ | 33,775 | $ | 26,803 | $ | 28,951 | $ | 26,950 | $ | 28,828 | $ | 26,576 | $ | 24,874 | $ | 22,548 | $ | 23,966 | $ | 28,137 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 11,452 | $ | 11,817 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 22,548 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending May 31 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | $ | 3,616 | $ | 2,742 | $ | 2,978 | $ | 2,763 | $ | 2,945 | $ | 2,686 | $ | 2,524 | $ | 2,760 | $ | 1,652 | $ | 2,845 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 920 | $ | 1,437 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 2,760 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
International Bond Fund | $ | 1,694 | $ | 1,286 | $ | 1,399 | $ | 1,297 | $ | 1,088 | $ | 1,038 | $ | 962 | $ | 1,037 | $ | 541 | $ | 1,076 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 429 | $ | 676 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,037 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | $ | 13,920 | $ | 10,524 | $ | 11,407 | $ | 10,585 | $ | 11,283 | $ | 10,309 | $ | 9,680 | $ | 10,576 | $ | 6,427 | $ | 10,914 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 3,532 | $ | 5,457 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 10,576 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
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Aggregate Compensation from Fund Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Rodman L. Drake(1) | John D. Collins(2) | Douglas A. Hacker | Janet Langford Kelly | Charles R. Nelson | John J. Neuhauser | Jonathan Piel | Patrick J. Simpson(3) | Thomas C. Theobald(4) | Anne-Lee Verville(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending June 30 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | $ | 4,982 | $ | 3,854 | $ | 4,247 | $ | 3,862 | $ | 4,118 | $ | 3,778 | $ | 3,555 | $ | 3,834 | $ | 2,098 | $ | 3,967 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred. | $ | 1,903 | $ | 2,066 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 3,834 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | $ | 7,259 | $ | 5,618 | $ | 6,198 | $ | 5,619 | $ | 6,047 | $ | 5,539 | $ | 5,214 | $ | 5,618 | $ | 2,833 | $ | 5,818 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,497 | $ | 3,019 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 5,618 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending August 31 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | $ | 3,975 | $ | 2,999 | $ | 3,314 | $ | 2,993 | $ | 2,802 | $ | 2,560 | $ | 2,403 | $ | 2,557 | $ | 1,014 | $ | 3,524 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 370 | $ | 1,464 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 2,557 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | $ | 7,404 | $ | 5,624 | $ | 6,239 | $ | 5,647 | $ | 6,036 | $ | 5,541 | $ | 5,190 | $ | 5,520 | $ | 1,875 | $ | 5,787 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 982 | $ | 2,814 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 5,520 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | $ | 4,817 | $ | 3,671 | $ | 4,077 | $ | 3,679 | $ | 3,937 | $ | 3,617 | $ | 3,391 | $ | 3,598 | $ | 1,117 | $ | 3,768 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 602 | $ | 1,862 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 3,598 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | $ | 5,856 | $ | 4,446 | $ | 4,931 | $ | 4,467 | $ | 4,774 | $ | 4,381 | $ | 4,103 | $ | 4,366 | $ | 1,518 | $ | 4,578 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 791 | $ | 2,220 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 4,366 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending September 30 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | $ | 2,386 | $ | 2,052 | $ | 2,262 | $ | 2,208 | $ | 2,360 | $ | 2,177 | $ | 2,046 | $ | 2,209 | $ | 2,702 | $ | 2,287 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,431 | $ | 1,170 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 2,209 | $ | 493 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | $ | 5,256 | $ | 4,430 | $ | 4,869 | $ | 4,728 | $ | 5,092 | $ | 4,719 | $ | 4,423 | $ | 4,782 | $ | 5,728 | $ | 4,953 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 2,192 | $ | 2,131 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 4,782 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 6,532 | $ | 5,645 | $ | 6,229 | $ | 6,083 | $ | 6,490 | $ | 5,994 | $ | 5,632 | $ | 6,069 | $ | 7,509 | $ | 6,288 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 2,868 | $ | 2,788 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 6,069 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | $ | 3,483 | $ | 3,044 | $ | 3,368 | $ | 3,299 | $ | 3,550 | $ | 3,262 | $ | 3,070 | $ | 3,309 | $ | 4,132 | $ | 3,430 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 1,561 | $ | 1,519 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 3,309 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ending October 31 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 1,666 | $ | 1,331 | $ | 1,452 | $ | 1,401 | $ | 1,491 | $ | 1,388 | $ | 1,294 | $ | 1,397 | $ | 1,546 | $ | 1,447 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 663 | $ | 638 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,397 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Fund with fiscal period ended December 31, 2009 and fiscal year ended August 31, 2009, respectively |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | $ | 868 | $ | 694 | $ | 792 | $ | 735 | $ | 783 | $ | 695 | $ | 660 | $ | 707 | $ | 508 | $ | 745 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 929 | $ | 903 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | $ | 2,108 | $ | 1,822 | $ | 1,998 | $ | 1,950 | $ | 2,086 | $ | 1,938 | $ | 1,821 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 2,057 | $ | 2,021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 397 | $ | 412 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 707 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
1 | During the calendar year December 31, 2009, Mr. Drake deferred $116,500 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Drake’s account under that plan was $223,507. |
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2 | During the calendar year December 31, 2009, Mr. Collins deferred $116,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Collins’ account under that plan was $205,097. |
3 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Simpson deferred $236,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Simpson’s account under that plan was $1,051,968. |
4 | At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Theobald’s account under the deferred compensation plan was $600,183. Mr. Theobald served as a Trustee of the Trust until February 2010. |
5 | At December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Verville’s account under the deferred compensation plan was $679,903. |
Aggregate Compensation from Fund | ||||
Interested Trustee | ||||
Fund | William E. Mayer | |||
For Funds with fiscal year ending March 31 |
| |||
Bond Fund | $ | 3,532 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Corporate Income Fund | $ | 3,277 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 2,453 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | $ | 3,069 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Intermediate Bond Fund | $ | 10,361 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Pacific/Asia Fund | $ | 1,247 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 5,602 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | $ | 2,780 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Value and Restructuring Fund | $ | 26,607 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For Funds with fiscal year ending May 31 |
| |||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | $ | 2,716 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
International Bond Fund | $ | 1,016 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Strategic Income Fund | $ | 10,405 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For Funds with fiscal year ending June 30 |
| |||
High Yield Municipal Fund | $ | 3,813 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Small Cap Value Fund I | $ | 5,604 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For Funds with fiscal year ending August 31 |
| |||
Balanced Fund | $ | 3,040 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | $ | 5,581 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | $ | 3,649 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Strategic Investor Fund | $ | 4,411 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 |
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Interested Trustee | ||||
Fund | William E. Mayer | |||
For Funds with fiscal year ending September 30 |
| |||
Contrarian Core Fund | $ | 2,121 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Dividend Income Fund | $ | 4,604 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 5,829 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Small Cap Core Fund | $ | 3,171 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For Funds with fiscal year ending October 31 |
| |||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 1,388 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For the Fund with fiscal year ended August 31, 2009 and fiscal period ended December 31, 2009, respectively |
| |||
Real Estate Equity Fund | $ | 1,887 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Real Estate Equity Fund | $ | 707 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 |
Independent Trustee Compensation for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Total Compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex Paid to Independent Trustees for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009a | |||
Rodman L. Drake | $ | 275,955 | ||
John D. Collins | $ | 226,990 | ||
Douglas A. Hacker | $ | 251,005 | ||
Janet Langford Kelly | $ | 234,000 | ||
Charles R. Nelson | $ | 249,500 | ||
John J. Neuhauser | $ | 233,500 | ||
Jonathan Piel | $ | 218,500 | ||
Patrick J. Simpson | $ | 236,000 | ||
Thomas C. Theobaldb | $ | 248,550 | ||
Anne-Lee Verville | $ | 244,000 |
a | All Trustees receive reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to their attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
b | Mr. Theobald served as a Trustee of the Trust until February 2010. |
Interested Trustee Compensation for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Total Compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex Paid to Interested Trustee for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009a | |||
William E. Mayer | $ | 233,500 |
a | Mr. Mayer receives reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to his attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
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Columbia Funds Deferred Compensation Plan
Under the terms of the Deferred Fee Agreement (the Deferred Compensation Plan), each eligible Trustee may elect, on an annual basis, to defer receipt of all or a portion of compensation payable to him or her for service as Trustee for that calendar year (expressly, a Trustee may elect to defer his/her annual retainer, his/her attendance fees, or both components, which together comprise total compensation for service). Fees deferred by a Trustee are credited to a book reserve account (the Deferral Account) established by the Columbia Funds, the value of which is derived from the rate of return of one or more Columbia Funds selected by the Trustee (with accruals to the Deferral Account beginning at such time as a Trustee’s fund elections having been established, and proceeds for service having been paid into such account, and terminating at such time as when proceeds become payable to such Trustee under the Deferred Compensation Plan). Trustees may change their fund elections only in accordance with the provisions of the Deferred Compensation Plan.
Distributions from a Trustee’s Deferral Account will be paid by check, either in a lump sum or in annual installments. Payments made in annual installments are disbursed over a period of up to ten years, following such time as a Trustee may qualify to receive such payments. If a deferring Trustee dies prior to or after the commencement of the disbursement of amounts accrued in his/her Deferral Account, the balance of the account will be distributed to his/her designated beneficiary either in lump sum or in annual payments as established by such Trustee himself/herself, his/her beneficiary or his/her estate. Amounts payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan are not funded or secured in any way, and each deferring Trustee has the status of an unsecured creditor of the Columbia Fund(s) from which compensation has been deferred.
Beneficial Equity Ownership
As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of each class of shares of each Fund. The table below shows, for each Trustee, the amount of Fund equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustee and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of the Columbia Funds Family overseen by the Trustee, stated as one of the following ranges: A = $0; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Independent Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | John D. Collins | Rodman L. Drake | Douglas A. Hacker | Janet Langford Kelly | Charles R. Nelson | |||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | A | A | A | A | E | |||||||||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | C | C | 1 | E | A | A | ||||||||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | A | A | E | A | D | |||||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | E | |||||||||||||||
International Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | A | A | A | A | D | |||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | A | A | A | E | E | |||||||||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | C | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | C | D | 1 | A | A | A | ||||||||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | A | A | A | A | A |
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Fund | John D. Collins | Rodman L. Drake | Douglas A. Hacker | Janet Langford Kelly | Charles R. Nelson | |||||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | E | D | 1 | E | E | E | ||||||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | A | A | A | C | A | |||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | C | 1 | C | 1 | A | A | A | |||||||||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | E | 1 | E | 1 | E | E | E |
1 | Includes the value of compensation payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan that is determined as if the amounts deferred had been invested, as of the date of deferral, in shares of one or more funds in the Columbia Funds Family overseen by the Trustee as specified by each Trustee. |
Independent Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | John J. Neuhauser | Jonathan Piel | Patrick J Simpson | Anne–Lee Verville | ||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | A | A | C | A | ||||||||||||
Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
International Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | A | A | D | A | ||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | A | A | C | A | ||||||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | A | A | C | A | ||||||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | D | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | E | A | E | E | 1 | |||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | E | A | E | 1 | E | 1 |
1 | Includes the value of compensation payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan that is determined as if the amounts deferred had been invested, as of the date of deferral, in shares of one or more funds in the Columbia Funds Family overseen by the Trustee as specified by each Trustee. |
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Interested Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | William E. Mayer | |||
Balanced Fund | A | |||
Bond Fund | A | |||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | A | |||
Contrarian Core Fund | A | |||
Corporate Income Fund | A | |||
Dividend Income Fund | A | |||
Emerging Markets Fund | A | |||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | A | |||
High Yield Municipal Fund | A | |||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | A | |||
Intermediate Bond Fund | A | |||
International Bond Fund | A | |||
Large Cap Growth Fund | A | |||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | A | |||
Pacific/Asia Fund | A | |||
Real Estate Equity Fund | A | |||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | A | |||
Small Cap Core Fund | A | |||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | A | |||
Small Cap Value Fund I | A | |||
Strategic Income Fund | A | |||
Strategic Investor Fund | A | |||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | A | |||
Value and Restructuring Fund | A | |||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | A |
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The following table provides basic information about the Officers of the Trust as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. The mailing address of each Officer is: c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center, Mail Stop MA5-515-11-05, Boston, MA 02111.
Officer Biographical Information
Name and Year of Birth | Position with the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) | |||||
J. Kevin Connaughton (Born 1964) | President | 2009 | Senior Vice President and General Manager – Mutual Fund Products, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; President, Columbia Funds, since 2009, and RiverSource Funds, since May 2010 (previously Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Columbia Funds, from June 2008 to January 2009, Treasurer, Columbia Funds, from October 2003 to May 2008, and senior officer of various other affiliated funds since 2000); Managing Director, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from December 2004 to April 2010. | |||||
Michael G. Clarke (Born 1969) | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 2009 | Vice President, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Managing Director of Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from September 2004 to April 2010; senior officer of Columbia Funds and affiliated funds since 2002. | |||||
Scott R. Plummer (Born 1959) | Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer | 2010 | Chief Legal Officer and Assistant Secretary, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since June 2005; Vice President and Lead Chief Counsel – Asset Management, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously Vice President and Chief Counsel – Asset Management, from 2005 to April 2010, and Vice President – Asset Management Compliance from 2004 to 2005); Vice President, Chief Counsel and Assistant Secretary, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since 2008; Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2005; Chief Counsel, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006; Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, RiverSource Funds, since December 2006; Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Columbia Funds, since May 2010. |
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Name and Year of Birth | Position with the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) | |||||
Linda J. Wondrack (Born 1964) | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | 2007 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Chief Compliance Officer, Columbia Funds, since 2007, and RiverSource Funds, since May 2010; Director (Columbia Management Group, LLC and Investment Product Group Compliance), Bank of America, from June 2005 to April 2010; Director of Corporate Compliance and Conflicts Officer of MFS Investment Management (investment management) from August 2004 to May 2005. | |||||
William F. Truscott (Born 1960) | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Chairman of the Board, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010 (previously President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer, from 2001 to April 2010); Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Asset Management & President, Annuities, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously President – U.S. Asset Management and Chief Investment Officer from 2005 to April 2010, and Senior Vice President – Chief Investment Officer, from 2001 to 2005); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2006; Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010 (previously Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer from 2008 to April 2010); Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006. | |||||
Colin Moore (Born 1958) | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Director and Chief Investment Officer, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Manager, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Head of Equities, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2002 to 2007. |
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Name and Year of Birth | Position with the Trust | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) | |||
Michael A. Jones (Born 1959) | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Director and President, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; President and Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010; Manager, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from November 2006 to April 2010; previously, co-president and senior managing director at Robeco Investment Management. | |||
Amy Johnson (Born 1965) | Senior Vice President | 2010 | Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010 (previously Chief Administrative Officer, from 2009 until April 2010, Vice President – Asset Management and Trust Company Services, from 2006 to 2009, and Vice President – Operations and Compliance from 2004 to 2006). | |||
Joseph F. DiMaria (Born 1968) | Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer | Treasurer since 2009 and Chief Accounting Officer since 2008 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, since May 2010; Director of Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from January 2006 to April 2010; Head of Tax/Compliance and Assistant Treasurer, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from November 2004 to December 2005. | |||
Marybeth Pilat (Born 1968) | Deputy Treasurer | 2010 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, since May 2010; Vice President, Investment Operations, Bank of America, from October 2008 to April 2010; Finance Manager, Boston Children’s Hospital from August 2008 to October 2008; Director, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from May 2007 to July 2008; Vice President, Mutual Fund Valuation, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from January 2006 to May 2007; Vice President, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from January 2005 to January 2006. |
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Name and Year of Birth | Position with the | Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) | |||
Julian Quero (Born 1967) | Deputy Treasurer | 2008 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC since May 2010; Director of Fund Administration, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from August 2008 to April 2010; Senior Tax Manager, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from August 2006 to July 2008; Senior Compliance Manager, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from April 2002 to August 2006. | |||
Kathryn Thompson (Born 1967) | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Director, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight and Treasury of the Adviser, since May 2010; Vice President, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight of the Previous Adviser from December 2004 to April 2010; Vice President, State Street Corporation (financial services) prior to December 2004. | |||
Stephen T. Welsh (Born 1957) | Vice President | 2006 | President and Director, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. since May 2010; President and Director, Columbia Management Services, Inc. from July 2004 to April 2010; Managing Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from August 2007 to April 2010. | |||
Paul B. Goucher (Born 1968) | Assistant Secretary | 2010 | Vice President and Chief Counsel of Ameriprise Financial since January 2010 (formerly Vice President and Group Counsel from November 2008 to January 2010); Director, Managing Director and General Counsel of J. & W. Seligman & Co. Incorporated (Seligman) from July 2008 to November 2008 and Managing Director and Associate General Counsel of Seligman from January 2005 to July 2008. | |||
Christopher O. Petersen (Born 1970) | Assistant Secretary | 2010 | Vice President and Chief Counsel, Ameriprise Financial since January 2010 (formerly Vice President and Group Counsel or Counsel from April 2004 to January 2010); Assistant Secretary of RiverSource Funds since January 2007. | |||
Ryan C. Larrenaga (Born 1970) | Assistant Secretary | 2005 | Counsel, Ameriprise Financial since May 2010; Assistant General Counsel, Bank of America from March 2005 to April 2010; Associate, Ropes & Gray LLP (law firm) from 1998 to February 2005. |
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
General Brokerage Policy, Brokerage Transactions and Broker Selection
Subject to policies established by the Board, the Adviser (or the investment subadviser(s) who make the day-to-day investment decisions for a Fund, as applicable) is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for each Fund, for the selection of broker/dealers, for the execution of a Fund’s securities transactions and for the allocation of brokerage commissions in connection with such transactions. The Adviser’s primary consideration in effecting a security transaction is to obtain the best net price and the most favorable execution of the order. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected through brokers who charge negotiated commissions for their services. Orders may be directed to any broker to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law.
In the over-the-counter market, securities generally are traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principals for their own accounts without stated commissions, although the price of a security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are bought at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s “concession” or “discount.” On occasion, certain money market instruments may be bought directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
In placing orders for portfolio securities of the Funds, the Adviser gives primary consideration to obtaining the best net prices and most favorable execution. This means that the Adviser will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. In seeking such execution, the Adviser will use its best judgment in evaluating the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including, without limitation, the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security, the confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker/dealer, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the broker/dealer, the value and quality of the services rendered by the broker/dealer in this instance and other transactions and the reasonableness of the spread or commission, if any. Research services received from broker/dealers supplement the Adviser’s own research and may include the following types of information: statistical and background information on industry groups and individual companies; forecasts and interpretations with respect to U.S. and foreign economies, securities, markets, specific industry groups and individual companies; information on political developments; Fund management strategies; performance information on securities and information concerning prices of securities; and information supplied by specialized services to the Adviser and to the Board with respect to the performance, investment activities and fees and expenses of other mutual funds. Such information may be communicated electronically, orally or in written form. Research services also may include the arranging of meetings with management of companies and the provision of access to consultants who supply research information.
The outside research is useful to the Adviser since, in certain instances, the broker/dealers utilized by the Adviser may follow a different universe of securities issuers and other matters than those that the Adviser’s staff can follow. In addition, this research provides the Adviser with a different perspective on financial markets, even if the securities research obtained relates to issues followed by the Adviser. Research services that are provided to the Adviser by broker/dealers are available for the benefit of all accounts managed or advised by the Adviser. In some cases, the research services are available only from the broker/dealer providing such services. In other cases, the research services may be obtainable from alternative sources. The Adviser is of the opinion that because the broker/dealer research supplements rather than replaces the Adviser’s own research, the receipt of such research does not tend to decrease the Adviser’s expenses, but tends to improve the quality of its investment advice. However, to the extent that the Adviser would have bought any such research services had such services not been provided by broker/dealers, the expenses of such services to the Adviser could be considered to have been reduced accordingly. Certain research services furnished by broker/dealers may be useful to the clients of the Adviser other than the Funds. Conversely, any research services received by the Adviser through the
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placement of transactions of other clients may be of value to the Adviser in fulfilling its obligations to the Funds. The Adviser is of the opinion that this material is beneficial in supplementing its research and analysis; and, therefore, it may benefit the Trust by improving the quality of the Adviser’s investment advice. The advisory fees paid by the Trust are not reduced because the Adviser receives such services.
Under Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Adviser shall not be “deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached its fiduciary duty” solely because under certain circumstances it has caused the account to pay a higher commission than the lowest available. To obtain the benefit of Section 28(e), the Adviser must make a good faith determination that the commissions paid are “reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such member, broker, or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or his overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts as to which he exercises investment discretion.” Accordingly, the price to a Funds in any transaction may be less favorable than that available from another broker/dealer if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered. Some broker/dealers may indicate that the provision of research services is dependent upon the generation of certain specified levels of commissions and underwriting concessions by the Adviser’s clients, including the Funds.
Commission rates are established pursuant to negotiations with broker/dealers based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by broker/dealers in light of generally prevailing rates. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different broker/dealers. Transactions on foreign stock exchanges involve payment of brokerage commissions that generally are fixed. Transactions in both foreign and domestic over-the-counter markets generally are principal transactions with dealers, and the costs of such transactions involve dealer spreads rather than brokerage commissions. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Adviser, where possible, will deal directly with dealers who make a market in the securities involved, except in those circumstances in which better prices and execution are available elsewhere.
In certain instances there may be securities that are suitable for a Fund as well as for one or more of the other clients of the Adviser. Investment decisions for the Funds and for the Adviser’s other clients are made with the goal of achieving their respective investment objectives. A particular security may be bought or sold for only one client even though it may be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when a number of accounts receive investment advice from the same investment adviser, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are engaged simultaneously in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. In some cases, this policy could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security in a particular transaction that may affect the Funds.
The Funds may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. A Fund will engage in this practice, however, only when the Adviser, in its sole discretion, believes such practice to be otherwise in such Fund’s interests.
The Trust will not execute portfolio transactions through, or buy or sell portfolio securities from or to, the Distributor, the Adviser, the Administrator or their affiliates acting as principal (including repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements), except to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or order. However, the Adviser is authorized to allocate buy and sell orders for portfolio securities to certain broker/dealers and financial institutions, including, in the case of agency transactions, broker/dealers and financial institutions that are affiliated with Ameriprise Financial. To the extent that a Fund executes any securities trades with an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial, such Fund does so in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and the procedures that such Fund has adopted pursuant to the rule. In this regard, for each transaction, the Board will determine that: (i) the transaction resulted in prices for and execution of securities transactions at least as favorable to the particular Fund as those likely to be derived from a non-affiliated qualified broker/dealer; (ii) the affiliated broker/dealer charged the Fund commission rates consistent with those charged by the affiliated broker/dealer in similar transactions to clients comparable to the Fund and that are not affiliated with the broker/dealer in
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question; and (iii) the fees, commissions or other remuneration paid by the Fund did not exceed 2% of the sales price of the securities if the sale was effected in connection with a secondary distribution, or 1% of the purchase or sale price of such securities if effected in other than a secondary distribution.
Certain affiliates of Ameriprise Financial may have deposit, loan or commercial banking relationships with the corporate users of facilities financed by industrial development revenue bonds or private activity bonds bought by certain of the Columbia Funds. Ameriprise Financial or certain of its affiliates may serve as trustee, custodian, tender agent, guarantor, placement agent, underwriter, or in some other capacity, with respect to certain issues of securities. Under certain circumstances, a Fund may buy securities from a member of an underwriting syndicate in which an affiliate of Ameriprise Financial is a member. The Trust has adopted procedures pursuant to Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act, and intends to comply with the requirements of Rule 10f-3, in connection with any purchases of municipal securities that may be subject to Rule 10f-3.
Given the breadth of the Adviser’s investment management activities, investment decisions for the Funds are not always made independently from those for other funds, or other investment companies and accounts advised or managed by the Adviser. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on behalf of one or more of the Columbia Funds and another investment portfolio, investment company or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount in a manner which the Adviser believes to be equitable to the Funds and such other funds, investment portfolio, investment company or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by a Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Adviser may aggregate the securities to be sold or bought for the Funds with those to be sold or bought for other funds, investment portfolios, investment companies, or accounts in executing transactions.
See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about these and other conflicts of interest.
The following charts reflect the amounts of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the three most recently completed fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated. In certain instances, the Funds may pay brokerage commissions to broker/dealers that are affiliates of Ameriprise Financial. As indicated above, all such transactions involving the payment of brokerage commissions to affiliates are done in compliance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act.
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid by the Funds
The following charts reflect the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds for the three most recent fiscal years, except as otherwise indicated. Differences, year to year, in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Fund were primarily the result of increased market volatility as well as shareholder purchase and redemption activity in the Fund.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 | |||||||||
Bond Fund | — | $ | 7,631 | $ | 1,313 | |||||||
Corporate Income Fund | $ | 16,910 | $ | 40,205 | $ | 41,873 | ||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 1,613,790 | $ | 1,857,556 | $ | 409,305 | ||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | $ | 4,604,246 | $ | 4,051,236 | $ | 1,575,505 | ||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | $ | 72,932 | $ | 160,852 | $ | 251,534 | ||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | $ | 121,276 | $ | 249,437 | $ | 144,244 | ||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 1,269,007 | $ | 1,221,132 | $ | 399,105 | ||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | — | — | — | |||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | $ | 2,433,201 | $ | 4,287,837 | $ | 2,688,134 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2008 | |||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | — | — | — | |||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | — | — | — |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2010 | Fiscal Period Ended May 31, 2009 | ||||||
International Bond Fund | $ | 7,557 | — |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2008 | |||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | — | $ | 7,745 | $ | 38,343 | |||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | $ | 1,771,335 | $ | 1,761,043 | $ | 1,768,277 |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2010* | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008 | |||||||||
Balanced Fund | $ | 1,940 | $ | 358,996 | $ | 367 | ||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | $ | 3,436,137 | $ | 4,070,265 | $ | 4,499,159 | ||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | $ | 4,948,857 | $ | 2,979,089 | $ | 1,860,445 | ||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | $ | 1,505,109 | $ | 2,168,357 | $ | 2,202,923 |
* | Unaudited. |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2007 | |||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | $ | 1,108,739 | $ | 837,955 | $ | 875,499 | ||||||
Dividend Income Fund | $ | 1,224,272 | $ | 300,918 | $ | 252,732 | ||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 3,113,714 | $ | 3,752,464 | $ | 4,695,947 | ||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | $ | 401,075 | $ | 783,011 | $ | 1,357,590 |
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007 | |||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 215 | $ | 2,063.75 | $ | 5,041 |
Fund | Fiscal Period Ended December 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | $ | 205,056 | $ | 770,227 | $ | 575,797 | $ | 1,245,494 |
Brokerage Commissions Paid by the Funds to Certain Broker/Dealers
The Funds paid no brokerage commissions to affiliated broker/dealers for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
The Funds or the Adviser, through an agreement or understanding with a broker/dealer, or otherwise through an internal allocation procedure, may direct, subject to applicable legal requirements, the Funds’ brokerage transactions to a broker/dealer because of the research services it provides the Funds or the Adviser.
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During each Fund’s last fiscal year, the Funds directed certain brokerage transactions and paid related commissions in the amounts as follows:
Fund | Amount of Transactions | Related Commissions | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended March 31, 2010 | ||||||||
Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Corporate Income Fund | — | — | ||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 40,833,479 | $ | 96,869 | ||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | $ | 1,577,703,004 | $ | 1,174,934 | ||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | $ | 6,528,634 | $ | 16,526 | ||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 215,687,831 | $ | 123,292 | ||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | — | — | ||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | $ | 94,434,776 | $ | 109,144 | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended May 31, 2010 | ||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | — | — | ||||||
Strategic Income Fund | — | — | ||||||
International Bond Fund | — | — | ||||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended June 30, 2010 | ||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | — | — | ||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | $ | 243,711,788 | $ | 379,141 | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended August 31, 2010* | ||||||||
Balanced Fund | — | — | ||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | $ | 883,671,820 | $ | 882,670 | ||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | $ | 552,521,922 | $ | 755,567 | ||||
Strategic Investor Fund | $ | 352,498,218 | $ | 387,370 | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended September 30, 2009 | ||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | $ | 868,244,017 | $ | 158,344 | ||||
Dividend Income Fund | $ | 1,205,420,394 | $ | 245,382 | ||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | $ | 3,319,677,698 | $ | 317,931 | ||||
Small Cap Core Fund | $ | 123,921,233 | $ | 7,888 | ||||
For the Fund with fiscal year ended October 31, 2009 | ||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | — | — | ||||||
For the Fund with fiscal year ended August 31, 2009 and fiscal period ended December 31, 2009, respectively | ||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | $ | 548,639,648 | $ | 128,657 | ||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | $ | 176,752,302 | $ | 10,022 |
* | Unaudited. |
Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers
In certain cases, the Funds, as part of their principal investment strategies, or otherwise as a permissible investment, will invest in the common stock or debt obligations of the regular broker/dealers that the Adviser uses to transact brokerage for the Funds.
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As of each Fund’s fiscal year end, the Funds owned securities of their “regular brokers or dealers” or their parents, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, as shown in the table below:
Investments in Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers
Fund | Broker/Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended March 31, 2010 |
| |||||
Bond Fund | Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc | $ | 24,282,998 | |||
Barclays Capital | $ | 847,993 | ||||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 3,211,139 | ||||
Deutsche Bank AG | $ | 819,793 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 8,744,405 | ||||
UBS Warburg LLC | $ | 9,489,194 | ||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 3,182,799 | ||||
Corporate Income Fund | Barclays Capital | $ | 3,407,339 | |||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 10,063,708 | ||||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 626,052 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 12,494,578 | ||||
Emerging Markets Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Intermediate Bond Fund | Barclays Capital | $ | 2,552,425 | |||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 41,593,132 | ||||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 33,863,433 | ||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 21,911,658 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 72,066,818 | ||||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 39,657,747 | ||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Value and Restructuring Fund | JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 127,537,500 | |||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 106,908,500 | ||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 141,622,900 | ||||
Citigroup, Inc | $ | 22,547,800 | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended May 31, 2010 |
| |||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
International Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Strategic Income Fund | Citigroup, Inc | $ | 21,350,102 | |||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 12,268,572 | ||||
Barclays Capital | $ | 3,127,149 | ||||
Deutsche Bank AG | $ | 12,787,838 | ||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 9,796,852 | ||||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 8,795,329 | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended June 30, 2010 |
| |||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Small Cap Value Fund I | Piper Jaffray Companies, Inc. | $ | 6,315,184 |
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Fund | Broker/Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended August 31, 2010 |
| |||||
Balanced Fund | Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 4,701,785 | |||
State Street Corp. | $ | 2,838,147 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 10,066,956 | ||||
Citigroup, Inc. | $ | 3,196,652 | ||||
Deutsche Bank AG | $ | 539,763 | ||||
Barclays Capital | $ | 561,638 | ||||
Salomon Brothers Holdings, Inc. | $ | 1,440,381 | ||||
CS First Boston Corp. | $ | 2,340,563 | ||||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 2,559,873 | ||||
UBS Warburg LLC | $ | 1,720,960 | ||||
Royal Bank of Scotland PLC | $ | 430,160 | ||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | None | $ | 0 | |||
Strategic Investor Fund | Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 7,979,314 | |||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 14,732,745 | ||||
For Funds with fiscal year ended September 30, 2009 | ||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 6,768,896 | |||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 11,790,735 | ||||
State Street Corp. | $ | 7,774,280 | ||||
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 9,770,550 | ||||
Dividend Income Fund | JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 47,544,700 | |||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 17,910,400 | ||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | Goldman Sachs & Co. | $ | 10,434,210 | |||
Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. | $ | 19,525,424 | ||||
JPMorgan Chase & Co. | $ | 9,644,782 | ||||
Small Cap Core Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
For the Fund with fiscal year ended October 31, 2009 | ||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||
For the Fund with fiscal period ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | None | $ | 0 |
Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments
The Funds, along with the Transfer Agent and/or the Distributor and the Adviser, may pay significant amounts to financial intermediaries (as defined below), including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, for providing the types of services that would typically be provided directly by a mutual fund’s transfer agent. The level of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. A number of factors may be considered in determining payments to a financial intermediary, including, without limitation, the nature of the services provided to shareholders or retirement plan participants that invest in the Funds through retirement plans. These services may include sub-accounting, sub-transfer agency or similar recordkeeping services, shareholder or participant reporting, shareholder or participant transaction processing, and/or the provision of call center support (additional shareholder services). These payments for shareholder servicing support with respect to the Columbia Funds vary by financial intermediary but generally are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.40% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan, and 0.45% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that do not pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan. The Board has authorized each Fund to pay up to 0.15% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares. Such payments will be made by a Fund to the Transfer Agent who will in turn make payments to the financial intermediary for the provision of such additional shareholder services. The Funds’ Transfer Agent, Distributor or their affiliates will pay, from its or their own resources, amounts in excess of the amount paid by the Funds to financial intermediaries in connection with the provision of these additional shareholder services and other services.
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For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates.
The Funds also may make additional payments to financial intermediaries that charge networking fees for certain services provided in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts through the NSCC.
In addition, the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may make lump sum payments to selected financial intermediaries receiving shareholder servicing payments in reimbursement of printing costs for literature for participants, account maintenance fees or fees for establishment of the Funds on the financial intermediary’s system or other similar services.
As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates had agreed to make shareholder servicing payments with respect to the Columbia Funds to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
Recipients of Shareholder Servicing Payments with Respect to the Columbia Funds from the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial Affiliates
• | Acclaim Benefits, Inc. |
• | A.G. Edwards |
• | Alerus Retirement Solutions |
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.* |
• | Bank of America, N.A. |
• | Benefit Plan Administrators |
• | Bisys Retirement Services |
• | Charles Schwab & Co. |
• | Charles Schwab Trust Co. |
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
• | CitiStreet LLC |
• | City National Bank |
• | Compensation & Capital Administrative Services, Inc. |
• | CPI Qualified Plan Consultants |
• | Daily Access Concepts, Inc. |
• | Digital Retirement Solutions |
• | Dreyfus |
• | Edward D. Jones & Co., L.P. |
• | E*Trade Group, Inc. |
• | ExpertPlan |
• | Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Co. |
• | First Clearing LLC |
• | Genworth Financial |
• | GPC Securities, Inc. |
• | Guardian Life Insurance Company |
• | GWFS Equities, Inc. |
• | Hartford Life Insurance Company |
• | Hewitt Associates LLC |
• | ICMA Retirement Corporation |
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company |
• | ING Institutional Plan Services, LLP |
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company (USA) |
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York |
• | JP Morgan Retirement Plan Services LLC |
• | Lincoln Financial Group |
• | LPL Financial Corporation |
• | Marshall & Illsley Trust Company |
• | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company |
• | Matrix Settlement & Clearance Services |
• | Mercer HR Services, LLC |
• | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company |
• | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
• | Mid Atlantic Capital Corporation |
• | Morgan Keegan & Co., Inc. |
• | Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated |
• | MSCS Financial Services, LLC |
• | National Investor Services Corp. |
• | Newport Retirement Services, Inc. |
• | New York State Deferred Compensation Plan |
• | NYLife Distributors LLC |
• | PNC Advisors |
• | Princeton Retirement Group |
• | Principal Life Insurance Company |
• | Prudential Insurance Company of America |
• | Prudential Retirement Insurance & Annuity Co. |
• | Reliance Trust Company |
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• | Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc. |
• | Royal Alliance Associates, Inc. |
• | Standard Retirement Services, Inc. |
• | TD Ameritrade Clearing Inc. |
• | TD Ameritrade Trust Company |
• | Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America |
• | The 401k Company |
• | T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
• | The Vanguard Group, Inc. |
• | Unified Trust Company, N.A. |
• | UPromise Investments, Inc. |
• | VALIC Retirement Services |
• | Wachovia Bank, N.A. |
• | Wachovia Securities, LLC |
• | Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. |
• | Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC |
• | Wilmington Trust Corporation |
• | Wilmington Trust Retirement & Institutional Services Company |
* | Ameriprise Financial affiliate |
The Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
Additional Financial Intermediary Payments
Financial intermediaries may receive different commissions, sales charge reallowances and other payments with respect to sales of different classes of shares of the Funds. These other payments may include servicing payments to retirement plan administrators and other institutions at rates up to those described above under Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices – Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment adviser, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates.
The Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may pay additional compensation to selected financial intermediaries, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, under the categories described below. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and a single financial intermediary may receive payments under all categories. A financial intermediary also may receive payments described above in Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices – Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. These payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of a Fund to its customers. The amount of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. In determining the amount of payments to be made, the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates may consider a number of factors, including, without limitation, asset mix and length of relationship with the financial intermediary, the size of the customer/shareholder base of the financial intermediary, the manner in which customers of the financial intermediary make investments in the Funds, the nature and scope of marketing support or services provided by the financial intermediary (as described more fully below) and the costs incurred by the financial intermediary in connection with maintaining the infrastructure necessary or desirable to support investments in the Funds.
These additional payments by the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates are made pursuant to agreements between the Distributor and other Ameriprise Financial affiliates and financial intermediaries, and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a share, the amount a Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales or the distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund as shown under the heading Fees and Expenses of the Fund in the Fund’s prospectuses.
Marketing Support Payments
The Distributor and the Adviser may make payments, from their own resources, to certain financial intermediaries, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, for marketing support services relating to the Columbia Funds, including, but not limited to, business planning assistance, educating financial intermediary
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personnel about the Funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the financial intermediary’s preferred or recommended fund list or otherwise identifying the Funds as being part of a complex to be accorded a higher degree of marketing support than complexes not making such payments, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the financial intermediary, client servicing and systems infrastructure support. These payments are generally based upon one or more of the following factors: average net assets of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, gross sales of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a financial intermediary firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment.
While the financial arrangements may vary for each financial intermediary, the marketing support payments to each financial intermediary generally are expected to be between 0.05% and 0.50% on an annual basis for payments based on average net assets of the Columbia Funds attributable to the financial intermediary, and between 0.05% and 0.25% on an annual basis for firms receiving a payment based on gross sales of the Columbia Funds attributable to the financial intermediary. The Distributor and affiliates may make payments in materially larger amounts or on a basis materially different from those described above when dealing with certain financial intermediaries. Such increased payments may enable the financial intermediaries to offset credits that they may provide to their customers.
As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or the Adviser had agreed to make marketing support payments with respect to the Columbia Funds to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
Recipients of Marketing Support Payments with Respect to the Columbia Funds from the Distributor and/or other Ameriprise Financial Affiliates
• | AIG Advisor Group |
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.* |
• | AXA Advisors, LLC |
• | Banc of America Investment Services, Inc. |
• | Banc of America Securities LLC |
• | Bank of America, N.A. |
• | Bank of New York |
• | Citibank, N.A. |
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
• | Commonwealth Financial Network |
• | Custodial Trust Company |
• | Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc. |
• | Genworth Financial, Inc. |
• | Goldman, Sachs & Co. |
• | GunAllen Financial, Inc. |
• | Harris Corporation |
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Co. |
• | J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc. |
• | J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp. |
• | Liberty Life Insurance Co. |
• | Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp. |
• | Linsco/Private Ledger Corp. |
• | Mellon Financial Markets, LLC |
• | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company |
• | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
• | Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated |
• | MSCS Financial Services, LLC |
• | National Financial Services LLC |
• | Pershing LLC |
• | Prudential Investment Management Services, LLC |
• | Raymond James & Associates, Inc. |
• | Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. |
• | SEI Investments Inc. |
• | State Street Global Markets, LLC |
• | Transamerica Corporation |
• | UBS Financial Services Inc. |
• | US Bank National Association |
• | Wachovia Securities LLC |
• | Webster Investment Services, Inc. |
• | Wells Fargo Corporate Trust Services |
• | Wells Fargo Funds Management LLC |
• | Wells Fargo Investments, LLC |
* | Ameriprise Financial affiliate |
The Distributor and/or the Adviser may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
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Other Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, from its own resources, may provide additional compensation to certain financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Funds to the extent not prohibited by laws or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Such compensation provided by the Distributor may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in and/or present at financial intermediary-sponsored conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other financial intermediary employees, financial intermediary entertainment and other financial intermediary-sponsored events, and travel expenses, including lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with prospecting, retention and due diligence trips. The Distributor makes payments for entertainment events it deems appropriate, subject to the Distributor’s internal guidelines and applicable law. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event.
Your financial intermediary may charge you fees or commissions in addition to those disclosed in this SAI. You should consult with your financial intermediary and review carefully any disclosure your financial intermediary provides regarding its services and compensation. Depending on the financial arrangement in place at any particular time, a financial intermediary and its financial consultants may have a financial incentive for recommending a particular fund or a particular share class over other funds or share classes. See Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Roles and Relationships of Ameriprise Financial and its Affiliates – Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information.
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CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Description of the Trust’s Shares
The Funds offer shares in the classes shown in the table below. Subject to certain limited exceptions discussed in each Fund’s prospectuses, a Fund may no longer be accepting new investments from current shareholders or prospective investors. The Funds, however, may at any time and without notice, offer any of these classes to the general public for investment.
The Trust’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (Declaration of Trust) permits it to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of each Fund, without par value, and to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of that Fund without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interests in that Fund and to divide such shares into classes. Each share of a class of a Fund represents an equal proportional interest in that Fund with each other share in the same class and is entitled to such distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to that Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Board. However, different share classes of a Fund pay different distribution amounts because each share class has different expenses. Each time a distribution is made, the net asset value per share of the share class is reduced by the amount of the distribution.
Share Classes Offered by the Funds
Fund | Class A Shares | Class Ba Shares | Class C Shares | Class I Shares | Class R Shares | Class R4 Shares | Class R5 Shares | Class T Shares | Class W Shares | Class Y Shares | Class Z Shares | Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balanced Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | c | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bond Fund | ü | ü | c | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contrarian Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Emerging Markets Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy and Natural Resources Fund | ü | ü | c | ü | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
High Yield Municipal Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
High Yield Opportunity Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
International Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Large Cap Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | c | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | b | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mid Cap Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pacific/Asia Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Equity Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | c | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Select Large Cap Growth Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Core Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Growth Fund I | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Cap Value Fund I | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | c | ü | c | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Strategic Investor Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Index Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Value and Restructuring Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
a | Class B shares of the Funds are closed to new investments, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. Additional Class B shares of the Funds will be issued only in connection with (i) reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions in Class B shares of the Funds by the Funds’ existing Class B shareholders and (ii) exchanges by shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Columbia Fund for Class B shares of the Funds. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds for details. |
b | The Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund also offers Class E shares and Class F shares. See the prospectuses for Class E shares and Class F shares for details. |
c | Classes have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI. |
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Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares
There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of the Funds’ shares, other than the possible future termination of the Funds. The Funds may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or by liquidation and distribution of their assets. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, the Funds will continue indefinitely.
Liability
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Trust’s Declaration of Trust disclaims any shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Funds and the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by a Fund or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of Fund property for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of a Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances (which are considered remote) in which a Fund would be unable to meet its obligations and the disclaimer was inoperative.
The risk of a Fund incurring financial loss on account of another series of the Trust also is believed to be remote, because it would be limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer was inoperative and the other series of the Trust was unable to meet its obligations.
Dividend Rights
The shareholders of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared for the Fund. No shares have priority or preference over any other shares of a Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of a Fund, and will be paid pro rata to all shareholders of the Fund (or class) according to the number of shares of the Fund (or class) held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of income dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of a Fund based upon differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan.
Voting Rights and Shareholder Meetings
The Trust is not required to hold annual shareholder meetings, but special meetings may be called for certain purposes. The Trust voluntarily has undertaken to hold a shareholder meeting at which the Board would be elected at least every five years beginning in 2005. Each whole share (or fractional share) outstanding on the record date established in accordance with the Trust’s By-Laws shall be entitled to a number of votes on any matter on which it is entitled to vote equal to the net asset value of the share (or fractional share) in U.S. dollars determined at the close of business on the record date (for example, a share having a net asset value of $10.50 would be entitled to 10.5 votes).
The Trustees may fill any vacancies on the Board except that the Trustees may not fill a vacancy if, immediately after filling such vacancy, less than two-thirds of the Trustees then in office would have been elected to such office by the shareholders. In addition, at such times as less than a majority of the Trustees then in office have been elected to such office by the shareholders, the Trustees must call a meeting of shareholders. Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for the purpose. Except as otherwise disclosed in a Fund’s prospectuses and this SAI, the Trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint their successors.
At any shareholders’ meetings that may be held, shareholders of all series would vote together, irrespective of series, on the election of Trustees, but each series would vote separately from the others on other matters, such as changes in the investment policies of that series or the approval of the management agreement for that series.
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Shares of the Fund and any other series of the Trust that may be in existence from time to time generally vote together except when required by law to vote separately by Fund or by class.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or the Funds, shareholders of the Funds are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the relevant class of shares of the Funds that are available for distribution and to a distribution of any general assets not attributable to a particular investment portfolio that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Board may determine.
Preemptive Rights
There are no preemptive rights associated with Fund shares.
Conversion Rights
With the exception of Class B shares, which no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares as described in the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds, shareholders have the right, which is subject to change by the Board, to convert or “exchange” shares of one class for another. Such right is outlined and subject to certain conditions set forth in each Fund’s prospectuses.
Redemptions
Each Fund’s dividend, distribution and redemption policies can be found in its prospectuses under the headings Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares and Distributions and Taxes. However, the Board may suspend the right of shareholders to sell shares when permitted or required to do so by law or compel sales of shares in certain cases.
Sinking Fund Provisions
The Trust has no sinking fund provisions.
Calls or Assessment
All Fund shares are issued in uncertificated form only and when issued will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.
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PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
An investor may buy, sell and exchange shares in the Funds utilizing the methods, and subject to the restrictions, described in the Funds’ prospectuses. The following information supplements information in the Funds’ prospectuses.
The Funds have authorized one or more broker/dealers to accept buy and sell orders on the Funds’ behalf. These broker/dealers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept buy and sell orders on the Funds’ behalf. The Funds will be deemed to have received a buy or sell order when an authorized broker/dealer, or, if applicable, a broker/dealer’s authorized designee, accepts the order. Customer orders will be priced at each Fund’s net asset value next computed after they are accepted by an authorized broker/dealer or the broker’s authorized designee.
The Trust also may make payment for sales in readily marketable securities or other property if it is appropriate to do so in light of the Trust’s responsibilities under the 1940 Act.
Under the 1940 Act, the Funds may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for shares during any period when (i) trading on the NYSE is restricted by applicable rules and regulations of the SEC; (ii) the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (iii) the SEC has by order permitted such suspension; (iv) an emergency exists as determined by the SEC. (The Funds may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of their shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions).
The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f–1 under the 1940 Act, as a result of which each Fund is obligated to redeem shares, subject to the exceptions listed above, with respect to any one shareholder during any 90-day period, solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of each Fund at the beginning of the period.
Tax-Advantaged Retirement Plans (Retirement Plans)
The Transfer Agent maintains prototype tax-qualified plans, including Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans, for individuals, corporations, employees and the self-employed. The minimum initial Retirement Plan investment is $1,000, applied at the plan level. BANA is the custodian/trustee and plan sponsor of the Columbia Management prototype plans offered through the Distributor. In general a $20 annual fee is charged. Participants in Retirement Plans not sponsored by BANA, not including IRAs, may be subject to an annual fee of $20 unless the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account with the Transfer Agent. Participants in BANA sponsored prototype plans (other than IRAs) who liquidate the total value of their account may also be charged a $20 close-out processing fee payable to the Transfer Agent. The close-out fee applies to plans opened after September 1, 1996. The fee is in addition to any applicable CDSC. The fee will not apply if the participant uses the proceeds to open a Columbia Management IRA Rollover account in any fund distributed by the Distributor, or if the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account. Consultation with a competent financial advisor regarding these Retirement Plans and consideration of the suitability of fund shares as an investment under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or otherwise is recommended.
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
In addition to the eligible investors described in the prospectuses, the investors listed below can buy Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares, without paying a front-end sales charge:
• | Employees of Bank of America, its affiliates and subsidiaries. |
• | Employees or partners of Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC and Marsico Capital Management, LLC (or their successors). |
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• | Individuals receiving a distribution from a Bank of America trust, fiduciary, custodial or other similar account may use the proceeds of that distribution to buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge, as long as the proceeds are invested in the funds within 90 days of the date of distribution. |
• | Any shareholder who owned shares of any fund of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000 (when all of the then outstanding shares of Columbia Acorn Trust were re-designated Class Z shares) and who since that time has remained a shareholder of any Fund, may buy Class A shares of any Fund without paying a front-end sales charge in those cases where a Columbia Fund Class Z share is not available. |
• | Galaxy Fund shareholders prior to December 1, 1995; and shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Prime A shares without paying a front-end sales charge and received Class A shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Prime A shares were originally bought. |
• | (For Class T shares only) Shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Retail A shares at net asset value and received Class T shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Retail A shares were originally bought; and Boston 1784 Fund shareholders on the date that those funds were reorganized into Galaxy Funds. |
Class I shares are only available to the Funds and are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class R, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are offered to certain institutional investors identified in the Fund’s prospectus. Class R, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class W shares are offered to qualifying discretionary accounts. Class W shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale from any Columbia Fund Class A, B, C or T shares (other than Columbia Money Market Fund or Columbia Government Money Market Fund) within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds. In addition, shareholders of the money market fund series of BofA Funds Series Trust, which were formerly referred to as the Columbia Money Market Funds (the Former Columbia Money Market Funds), can also buy Class A shares of the Columbia Funds without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale of shares from a Former Columbia Money Market Fund within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds, provided that the proceeds are from the sale of shares of a Former Columbia Money Market Fund purchased on or before April 30, 2010. To be eligible for these reinstatement privileges the purchase must be made into an account for the same owner, but does not need to be into the same Columbia Fund from which the shares were sold. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request within 90 days after the shares are sold and the purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order.
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. Unless you provide your financial advisor with information in writing about all of the factors that may count toward a waiver of the sales charge, there can be no assurance that you will receive all of the waivers for which you may be eligible. You should request that your financial advisor provide this information to the Fund when placing your purchase order. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible investors, please see the prospectuses.
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Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class T Shares)
In addition to the redemptions eligible for CDSC waivers described in the prospectuses, shareholders won’t pay a CDSC in the following circumstances:
Disability: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales after the sole shareholder on an individual account or a joint tenant on a joint tenant account becomes disabled (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the Code). To be eligible for such a waiver: (i) the disability must arise after the account is opened and (ii) a letter from a physician must be signed under penalty of perjury stating the nature of the disability. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then shares are sold, the applicable CDSC will be charged.*
Health savings accounts: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Bank of America affiliates.*
Medical payments: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on (i) shares sold for medical payments that exceed 7.5% of income and (ii) distributions made to pay for insurance by an individual who has separated from employment and who has received unemployment compensation under a federal or state program for at least twelve weeks.*
Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring pursuant to a SWP established with the Transfer Agent, to the extent that the sales do not exceed, on an annual basis, 12% of the account’s value as long as distributions are reinvested. Otherwise, a CDSC will be charged on SWP sales until this requirement is met.
Qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares (except for Class B shares) sold by certain group retirement plans held in omnibus accounts. However, CDSC may not be waived for Class C shares if the waiver would occur as a result of a plan-level termination.
Redemptions under certain retirement plans and accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with distributions from qualified retirement plans, government (Section 457) plans, individual retirement accounts or custodial accounts under Section 403(b)(7) of the Code, following normal retirement or the attainment of age 59 1/2 for shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010.**
Loans from qualified retirement plans: For Class B shares, and for Class A and Class C shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with loans from qualified retirement plans to shareholders.*
* | Fund investors and selling and/or servicing agents must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
** | For direct trades on non-prototype retirement accounts where the date of birth of the Fund shareholder is not maintained, the shareholder or selling and/or servicing agent must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
Class I shares, Class R shares, Class R4 shares, Class R5 shares and Class W shares are sold without a CDSC.
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Distributor may, in its sole discretion, authorize the waiver of the CDSC for additional classes of investors. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible redemptions, please see the prospectuses.
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Anti-Money Laundering Compliance
The Funds are required to comply with various anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Consequently, the Funds may request additional required information from you to verify your identity. Your application will be rejected if it does not contain your name, social security number, date of birth and permanent street address. If at any time the Funds believe a shareholder may be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of suspicious persons, the Funds may choose not to establish a new account or may be required to “freeze” a shareholder’s account. The Funds also may be required to provide a governmental agency with information about transactions that have occurred in a shareholder’s account or to transfer monies received to establish a new account, transfer an existing account or transfer the proceeds of an existing account to a governmental agency. In some circumstances, the law may not permit the Funds to inform the shareholder that it has taken the actions described above.
The share price of each Fund is based on each Fund’s net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (which is usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time unless the NYSE closes earlier) on each day the Funds are open for business, unless the Board determines otherwise.
The value of each Fund’s portfolio securities for which a market quotation is available is determined in accordance with the Trust’s valuation procedures. In general terms, the valuation procedures provide that domestic exchange traded securities (other than NASDAQ listed equity securities) generally will be valued at their last traded sale prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. If no sales of those securities are reported on a particular day on the principal exchange, the securities generally will be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. Securities traded on a foreign securities exchange will generally be valued at their last sale prices on the exchange where the securities are primarily traded, or in the absence of a reported sale on a particular day, at their bid prices (in the case of securities held long) or ask prices (in the case of securities held short) as reported by that exchange. Securities traded primarily on NASDAQ will generally be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (NOCP) (which is the last trade price at or before 4:00:02 p.m. (Eastern Time) adjusted up to NASDAQ’s best bid price if the last trade price is below such bid price or adjusted down to NASDAQ’s best ask price if the last trade price is above such ask price). If no NOCP is available, the security will generally be valued at the last sale price shown on NASDAQ prior to the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. If no sale price is shown on NASDAQ, the latest bid price will be used. If no sale price is shown and no latest bid price is available, the price will be deemed “stale” and the value will be determined in accordance with the Funds’ fair valuation procedures.
Securities not traded upon any exchange will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices based upon quotes furnished by the appropriate market makers. If quoted prices are unavailable or are believed to be inaccurate, market values will generally be determined based on quotes obtained from one or more broker(s) or dealer(s) or based on a price obtained from a reputable independent pricing service.
Financial futures will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price. Forward foreign currency contracts will generally be valued using market quotations from a widely used quotation system that reflects the current cost of covering or off-setting the contract. Exchange traded options will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price on their exchange. If there is no reported sale on the valuation date, the options will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices.
Over-the-counter derivatives will generally be valued at fair value in accordance with the Funds’ fair valuation procedures.
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Repurchase agreements will generally be valued at a price equal to the amount of the cash invested in the repurchase agreement at the time of valuation. The market value of the securities underlying a repurchase agreement will be determined in accordance with the procedures above, as appropriate, for the purpose of determining the adequacy of collateral.
Shares of open-end investment companies held in each Fund’s portfolio will generally be valued at the latest net asset value reported by the investment company.
Debt securities will generally be valued by a pricing service which may employ a matrix or other indications of value, including but not limited to broker quotes, to determine valuations for normal institutional size trading units. The matrix can take into account various factors including, without limitation, bids, yield spreads, and/or other market data and specific security characteristics (e.g., credit quality, maturity and coupon rate). Debt securities for which a pricing service does not furnish valuations and for which market quotations are readily available will generally be valued based on the mean of the latest bid prices obtained from one or more dealers. Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less will, absent unusual circumstances, be valued at amortized cost.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available for any reason, including that the latest quotation is deemed unreliable or unreasonable, securities and other assets and liabilities are valued at “fair value” as determined in good faith by the Adviser’s valuation committee. In general, any one or more of the following factors may be taken into account in determining fair value: the fundamental analytical data relating to the security; the value of other financial instruments, including derivative securities, traded on other markets or among dealers; trading volumes on markets, exchanges, or among dealers; values of baskets of securities traded on other markets; changes in interest rates; observations from financial institutions; government (domestic or foreign) actions or pronouncements; other news events; information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies; nature and expected duration of the event, if any, giving rise to the valuation issue; pricing history of the security; the relative size of the position in the portfolio; and other relevant information.
With respect to securities traded on foreign markets, the following factors also may be relevant: the value of foreign securities traded on other foreign markets; ADR trading; closed-end fund trading; foreign currency exchange activity; and the trading of financial products that are tied to baskets of foreign securities, such as World Equity Benchmark Shares™.
The Board has determined, and the valuation procedures provide, that in certain circumstances it may be necessary to use an alternative valuation method, such as in-kind redemptions with affiliated benefit plans where the Department of Labor requires that valuation to be done in accordance with Rule 17a-7 of the 1940 Act.
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The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Funds’ prospectuses entitled “Distributions and Taxes.” The prospectuses generally describe the U.S. federal income tax treatment of distributions by the Funds. This section of the SAI provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as in effect as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. Except as specifically set forth below, the following discussion does not address any state, local or foreign tax matters.
A shareholder’s tax treatment may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion applies only to shareholders holding Fund shares as capital assets within the meaning of the Code. Except as otherwise noted, it may not apply to certain types of shareholders who may be subject to special rules, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders holding Fund shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) Plan Accounts or Individual Retirement Accounts), financial institutions, broker-dealers, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, persons who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States, shareholders holding Fund shares as part of a hedge, straddle, or conversion transaction, and shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.
The Trust has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the IRS as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion and the discussions in the prospectuses applicable to each shareholder address only some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Funds. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors and financial planners regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in a Fund, the application of state, local, or foreign laws, and the effect of any possible changes in applicable tax laws on their investment in the Funds.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
It is intended that each Fund qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. Each Fund will be treated as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund, even though each Fund is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gains, losses, and expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, each Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year generally from (i) dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income attributable to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) and (ii) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, as defined below. In general, for purposes of this 90% gross income requirement, income derived from a partnership (other than a qualified publicly traded partnership) will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (y) that derives at least 90% of its income from the passive income sources defined in Code Section 7704(d), and (z) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in clause (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. Certain of a Fund’s investments in master limited partnerships (MLPs), if any, may
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qualify as interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules do not apply to a regulated investment company, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
Each Fund must also diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the fair market value of its total assets consists of (A) cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and (B) securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (A)) to the extent such securities do not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and are not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of the securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (i)(A)), the securities of two or more issuers the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, for purposes of meeting this diversification requirement, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” includes the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership and in the case of a Fund’s investments in loan participations, the Fund shall treat both the financial intermediary and the issuer of the underlying loan as an issuer. The qualifying income and diversification requirements described above may limit the extent to which a Fund can engage in certain derivative transactions, as well as the extent to which it can invest in MLPs.
In addition, each Fund generally must distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for the taxable year, which generally includes its ordinary income and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income (if any) for the taxable year.
If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any of the investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) it distributes to its shareholders (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). Each Fund generally intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and substantially all of its net capital gain. However, no assurance can be given that a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation. Any investment company taxable income retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates.
In addition, although each Fund generally intends to distribute all of its net capital gain, a Fund may determine to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of a Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.
In determining its net capital gain for Capital Gain Dividend purposes, a regulated investment company generally must treat any net capital loss or any net long-term capital loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year. Treasury Regulations generally permit a regulated investment company, in determining its taxable income, to elect to treat all or part of any net capital loss, any net long-term capital loss or any foreign currency loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year.
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In order to comply with the distribution requirements described above applicable to regulated investment companies, a Fund generally must make the distributions in the same taxable year that it realizes the income and gain, although in certain circumstances, a Fund may make the distributions in the following taxable year in respect of income and gains from the prior taxable year. Shareholders generally are taxed on any distributions from a Fund in the year they are actually distributed. If a Fund declares a distribution to shareholders of record in October, November or December of one calendar year and pays the distribution by January 31 of the following calendar year, however, the Fund and its shareholders will be treated as if the Fund paid the distribution by December 31 of the earlier year.
If, for any taxable year, a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment under the Code, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation without any deduction for its distributions to shareholders, and all distributions from the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (including any distributions of its net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains) to its shareholders will be taxable to shareholders as dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company.
Excise Tax
If a Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for that year (excluding capital gains and losses) and 98% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for net ordinary losses) for the 1-year period ending on October 31 of that year (or November 30 or December 31 of that year if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects), and any of its ordinary income and capital gain net income from previous years that were not distributed during such years, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, a Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. Each Fund generally intends to actually distribute or be deemed to have distributed substantially all of its ordinary income and capital gain net income, if any, by the end of each calendar year and, thus, expects not to be subject to the excise tax. However, no assurance can be given that a Fund will not be subject to the excise tax. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, if the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by a Fund).
Capital Loss Carryforwards
Subject to certain limitations, a Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any year to offset its capital gains, if any, realized during the eight years following the year of the loss. A Fund’s capital loss carryforward is treated as a short-term capital loss in the year to which it is carried. If future capital gains are offset by carried forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to fund-level U.S. federal income taxation, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. Accordingly, the Funds do not expect to distribute any such offsetting capital gains. The Funds cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.
Equalization Accounting
Each Fund may use the so-called “equalization method” of accounting to allocate a portion of its “accumulated earnings and profits,” which generally equals a Fund’s undistributed net investment income and realized capital gains, with certain adjustments, to redemption proceeds. This method permits a Fund to achieve more balanced distributions for both continuing and redeeming shareholders. Although using this method generally will not affect a Fund’s total returns, it may reduce the amount of income and gains that the Fund would otherwise distribute to continuing shareholders by reducing the effect of redemptions of Fund shares on Fund distributions to shareholders. The IRS has not sanctioned the particular equalization method used by the Funds, and thus a Fund’s use of this method may be subject to IRS scrutiny.
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Investment through Master Portfolios
Some Funds seek to continue to qualify as regulated investment companies by investing their assets through one or more Master Portfolios. Each Master Portfolio will be treated as a non-publicly traded partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes rather than as a regulated investment company or a corporation under the Code. Under the rules applicable to a non-publicly traded partnership, a proportionate share of any interest, dividends, gains and losses of a Master Portfolio will be deemed to have been realized (i.e., “passed through”) to its investors, including the corresponding Fund, regardless of whether any amounts are actually distributed by the Master Portfolio. Each investor in a Master Portfolio will be taxed on such share, as determined in accordance with the governing instruments of the particular Master Portfolio, the Code and Treasury Regulations, in determining such investor’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Therefore, to the extent a Master Portfolio were to accrue but not distribute any income or gains, the corresponding Fund would be deemed to have realized its proportionate share of such income or gains without receipt of any corresponding distribution. However, each of the Master Portfolios will seek to minimize recognition by its investors (such as a corresponding Fund) of income and gains without a corresponding distribution. Furthermore, each Master Portfolio intends to manage its assets, income and distributions in such a way that an investor in a Master Portfolio will be able to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company by investing its assets through the Master Portfolio.
Taxation of Fund Investments
In general, realized gains or losses on the sale of securities held by a Fund will be treated as capital gains or losses, and long-term capital gains or losses if the Fund has held or is deemed to have held the securities for more than one year at the time of disposition.
If a Fund purchases a debt obligation with original issue discount (OID) (generally a debt obligation with an issue price less than its stated principal amount, such as a zero-coupon bond), the Fund may be required to annually include in its income a portion of the OID as ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive cash payments for such discount until maturity or disposition of the obligation. Inflation-protected bonds generally can be expected to produce OID income as their principal amounts are adjusted upward for inflation. In general, gains recognized on the disposition of (or the receipt of any partial payment of principal on) a debt obligation (including a municipal obligation) purchased by a Fund at a market discount, generally at a price less than its principal amount, will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of market discount which accrued, but was not previously recognized pursuant to an available election, during the term that the Fund held the debt obligation. A Fund generally will be required to make distributions to shareholders representing the OID or market discount (if an election is made by the Fund to accrue market discount over the holding period of the applicable debt obligation) on debt securities that is currently includible in income, even though the cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund. Cash to pay such distributions may be obtained from borrowing or from sales proceeds of securities held by a Fund which the Fund otherwise might have continued to hold; obtaining such cash might be disadvantageous for the Fund.
In addition, payment-in-kind securities similarly will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though a Fund receives no cash interest payment on the security during the year. A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations (such as high-yield corporate debt securities) may not (and interest paid on debt obligations owned by a Fund that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.
If a Fund invests in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default, special tax issues may exist for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether a Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation and, if so, the amount of market discount the Fund should recognize, when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or
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worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
If an option granted by a Fund is sold, lapses or is otherwise terminated through a closing transaction, such as a repurchase by the Fund of the option from its holder, the Fund generally will realize a short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund in the closing transaction. Some capital losses realized by a Fund in the sale, exchange, exercise or other disposition of an option may be deferred if they result from a position that is part of a “straddle,” discussed below. If securities are sold by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a covered call option granted by it, the Fund generally will add the premium received to the sale price of the securities delivered in determining the amount of gain or loss on the sale. If securities are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased.
Some regulated futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity, listed options that may be used by a Fund will be deemed “Section 1256 contracts.” A Fund will be required to “mark to market” any such contracts held at the end of the taxable year by treating them as if they had been sold on the last day of that year at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on all dispositions of Section 1256 contracts, including deemed dispositions under the “mark-to-market” rule, generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the remaining 40% will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss as described below. These provisions may require a Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule and the “60%/40%” rule and may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on certain futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity options.
Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by a Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts and similar instruments relating to foreign currency, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. Under future Treasury Regulations, any such transactions that are not directly related to a Fund’s investments in stock or securities (or its options contracts or futures contracts with respect to stock or securities) may have to be limited in order to enable the Fund to satisfy the 90% qualifying income test described above. If the net foreign exchange loss exceeds a Fund’s net investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year, the resulting ordinary loss for such year will not be available as a carryforward and thus cannot be deducted by the Fund or its shareholders in future years.
Offsetting positions held by a Fund involving certain derivative instruments, such as forward, futures and options contracts, may be considered, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to constitute “straddles.” “Straddles” are defined to include “offsetting positions” in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment of “straddles” is governed by Section 1092 of the Code which, in certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Section 1256. If a Fund is treated as entering into a “straddle” and at least one (but not all) of the Fund’s positions in derivative contracts comprising a part of such straddle is governed by Section 1256 of the Code, described above, then such straddle could be characterized as a “mixed straddle.” A Fund may make one or more elections with respect to “mixed straddles.” Depending upon which election is made, if any, the results with respect to a Fund may differ. Generally, to the extent the straddle rules apply to positions established by a Fund, losses realized by the Fund may be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in any offsetting positions. Moreover, as a result of the straddle rules, short-term capital loss on straddle positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gain may be characterized as short-term capital gain. In addition, the existence of a straddle may affect the holding period of the offsetting positions. As a result, the straddle rules
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could cause distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the applicable holding period requirements (as described below). Furthermore, the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense and carrying charges applicable to a position that is part of a straddle, including any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry any positions that are part of a straddle. The application of the straddle rules to certain offsetting Fund positions can therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, and may result in significant differences from the amount, timing and character of distributions that would have been made by the Fund if it had not entered into offsetting positions in respect of certain of its portfolio securities.
If a Fund enters into a “constructive sale” of any appreciated financial position in stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt instruments, the Fund will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to that position. A constructive sale of an appreciated financial position occurs when a Fund enters into certain offsetting transactions with respect to the same or substantially identical property, including, but not limited to: (i) a short sale; (ii) an offsetting notional principal contract; (iii) a futures or forward contract; or (iv) other transactions identified in future Treasury Regulations. The character of the gain from constructive sales will depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the appreciated financial position. Losses realized from a sale of a position that was previously the subject of a constructive sale will be recognized when the position is subsequently disposed of. The character of such losses will depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the position beginning with the date the constructive sale was deemed to have occurred and the application of various loss deferral provisions in the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not apply to certain closed transactions, including if such a transaction is closed on or before the 30th day after the close of the Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged throughout the 60-day period beginning with the day such transaction was closed.
The amount of long-term capital gain a Fund may recognize from certain derivative transactions with respect to interests in certain pass-through entities is limited under the Code’s constructive ownership rules. The amount of long-term capital gain is limited to the amount of such gain the Fund would have had if the Fund directly invested in the pass-through entity during the term of the derivative contract. Any gain in excess of this amount is treated as ordinary income. An interest charge is imposed on the amount of gain that is treated as ordinary income.
If a Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Similar consequences may apply to repurchase and other derivative transactions. Similarly, to the extent that a Fund makes distributions of income received by such Fund in lieu of tax-exempt interest with respect to securities on loan, such distributions will not constitute exempt-interest dividends (defined below) to shareholders.
In addition, a Fund’s transactions in securities and certain types of derivatives (e.g., options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swap agreements) may be subject to other special tax rules, such as the wash-sale rules or the short-sale rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, and/or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
Certain of a Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, as well as any of its foreign currency transactions and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If a Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt
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income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If a Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
Rules governing the U.S. federal income tax aspects of derivatives, including swap agreements, are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain respects. Accordingly, while each Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid fund-level tax. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for a Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which a Fund will be able to engage in certain derivatives transactions.
Any investment by a Fund in equity securities of a REIT may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in equity securities of a REIT or another regulated investment company also may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income and will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction.
A Fund may invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under an IRS notice, and Treasury Regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Fund’s income (including income allocated to the Fund from a REIT, a regulated investment company or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt shareholders, as noted under “Tax-Exempt Shareholders” below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or certain other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax.
Some amounts received by a Fund from its investments in MLPs will likely be treated as returns of capital because of accelerated deductions available with respect to the activities of MLPs. On the disposition of an investment in such an MLP, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of economic gain from that asset (or if a Fund does not dispose of the MLP, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of cash flow received by the Fund from the MLP in a later period), and the Fund must take such income into account in determining whether the Fund has satisfied its regulated investment company distribution requirements. The Fund may have to borrow or liquidate securities to satisfy its distribution requirements and meet its redemption requests, even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for the Fund to borrow money or sell securities at the time. In addition, distributions attributable to gain from the sale of MLPs that are characterized as ordinary income under the Code’s recapture provisions will be taxable to Fund shareholders as ordinary income.
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“Passive foreign investment companies” (PFICs) are generally defined as foreign corporations where at least 75% of their gross income for their taxable year is income from passive sources (such as certain interest, dividends, rents and royalties, or capital gains) or at least 50% of their assets on average produce such passive income. If a Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and interest charges on “excess distributions” received from the PFIC or on gain from the sale of such equity interest in the PFIC, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. Excess distributions and gain from the sale of interests in PFICs may be characterized as ordinary income even though, absent the application of PFIC rules, these amounts may otherwise have been classified as capital gain.
A Fund will not be permitted to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for these special taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to a PFIC. Elections may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections would require a Fund to include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC (in the case of a “QEF election”), or to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in its interests in the PFIC “to the market” as though the Fund had sold and repurchased such interests on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year, treating such gains and losses as ordinary income and loss (in the case of a “mark-to-market election”). The QEF and mark-to-market elections may require a Fund to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require a Fund to liquidate other investments prematurely to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return. Each Fund may attempt to limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to minimize tax liability and/or maximize returns from these investments but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC in advance of acquiring shares in the corporation, a Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income, as defined below.
In addition to the investments described above, prospective shareholders should be aware that other investments made by a Fund may involve complex tax rules that may result in income or gain recognition by the Fund without corresponding current cash receipts. Although each Fund seeks to avoid significant noncash income, such noncash income could be recognized by a Fund, in which case the Fund may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above. In this regard, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate investments prematurely in order to satisfy its minimum distribution requirements, which may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return.
Taxation of Distributions
Except for exempt-interest dividends (defined below) paid by a Fund, distributions paid out of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund, generally are deemed to be taxable distributions and must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file a U.S. federal income tax return. Dividends and distributions on a Fund’s shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Fund’s earnings and profits, described above, are determined at the end of the Fund’s taxable year and are allocated pro rata to distributions paid over the entire year. Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares and then as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but
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it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of his or her shares. A Fund may make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits to a limited extent, from time to time.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income (except for exempt-interest dividends, defined below) are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain (to the extent such distributions do not exceed the Fund’s actual net long-term capital gain for the taxable year), regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares, and do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income (defined below). Each Fund will designate Capital Gain Dividends, if any, in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.
Some states will not tax distributions made to individual shareholders that are attributable to interest a Fund earns on direct obligations of the U.S. government if the Fund meets the state’s minimum investment or reporting requirements, if any. Investments in GNMA or FNMA securities, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for tax-free treatment. This exemption may not apply to corporate shareholders.
Sales and Exchanges of Fund Shares
If a shareholder sells or exchanges his or her Fund shares, he or she generally will realize a taxable capital gain or loss on the difference between the amount received for the shares (or deemed received in the case of an exchange) and his or her tax basis in the shares. This gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if he or she has held (or is deemed to have held) such Fund shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange, and short-term capital gain or loss otherwise.
If a shareholder sells or exchanges Fund shares within 90 days of having acquired such shares and if, as a result of having initially acquired those shares, he or she subsequently pays a reduced sales charge on a new purchase of shares of the Fund or a different regulated investment company, the sales charge previously incurred in acquiring the Fund’s shares generally shall not be taken into account (to the extent the previous sales charges do not exceed the reduction in sales charges on the new purchase) for the purpose of determining the amount of gain or loss on the disposition, but generally will be treated as having been incurred in the new purchase. Also, if a shareholder realizes a loss on a disposition of Fund shares, the loss will be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that he or she purchases substantially identical shares within the 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. Any disallowed loss generally will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the purchased shares.
If a shareholder receives a Capital Gain Dividend or is deemed to receive a distribution of long-term capital gain with respect to any Fund share and such Fund share is held or treated as held for six months or less, then (unless otherwise disallowed) any loss on the sale or exchange of that Fund share will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the Capital Gain Dividend or deemed long-term capital gain distribution. If shares of a Fund are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends (defined below) received on those shares.
Foreign Taxes
Amounts realized by a Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to file an annual election with the IRS
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pursuant to which the Fund may pass through to its shareholders on a pro rata basis foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund with respect to foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum holding periods specified in the Code and such taxes may be claimed, subject to certain limitations, either as a tax credit or deduction by the shareholders. A Fund that invests primarily or exclusively in other regulated investment companies would not be eligible for this election, even if the underlying regulated investment companies were eligible and did make the election.
Certain Funds may qualify for and make the election; however, even if a Fund qualifies for the election for any year, it may determine not to make the election for such year. If a Fund does not so qualify or qualifies but does not so elect, then shareholders will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by or withheld from payments to the Fund. A Fund will notify its shareholders within 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year if it has elected for the foreign taxes paid by it to “pass through” for that year.
In general, if a Fund makes the election, the Fund itself will not be permitted to claim a credit or deduction for foreign taxes paid in that year, and the Fund’s dividends-paid deduction will be increased by the amount of foreign taxes paid that year. Fund shareholders generally shall include their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund in their gross income and treat that amount as paid by them for the purpose of the foreign tax credit or deduction, provided that any applicable holding period and other requirements have been met. If a shareholder claims a credit for foreign taxes paid, in general, the credit will be subject to certain limits. A deduction for foreign taxes paid may be claimed only by shareholders that itemize their deductions.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Rates
As of the date of this SAI, the maximum stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to individuals generally is 35% for ordinary income and 15% for net long-term capital gain. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced – in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets – for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, U.S. federal income tax law also provides for a maximum individual U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” equal to the highest net long-term capital gain rate, which, as described above, generally is 15%. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. In general, “qualified dividend income” is income attributable to dividends received by a Fund from certain domestic and foreign corporations, as long as certain holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund with respect to the dividend-paying corporation’s stock and by the shareholders with respect to the Fund’s shares. If 95% or more of a Fund’s gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) constitutes qualified dividend income, all of its distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be generally treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of individual shareholders, as long as they have owned their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund’s ex-dividend date (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date) and meet certain other requirements specified in the Code. In general, if less than 95% of a Fund’s income is attributable to qualified dividend income, then only the portion of the Fund’s distributions that is attributable to qualified dividend income and designated as such in a timely manner will be so treated in the hands of individual shareholders who meet the aforementioned holding period requirements. The rules regarding the qualification of Fund distributions as qualified dividend income are complex, including the holding period requirements. Individual Fund shareholders therefore are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners. Fixed income funds typically do not distribute significant amounts of qualified dividend income.
The maximum stated corporate U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and net capital gain is 35%. Actual marginal tax rates may be higher for some shareholders, for example, through reductions in deductions. Naturally, the amount of tax payable by any taxpayer will be affected by a combination of tax laws
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covering, for example, deductions, credits, deferrals, exemptions, sources of income and other matters. U.S. federal income tax rates are set to increase in future years under various “sunset” provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws.
Backup Withholding
Each Fund generally is required to withhold, and remit to the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain exemptions, an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds (including proceeds from exchanges and redemptions in-kind) paid or credited to a Fund shareholder if (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with a correct “taxpayer identification number” (TIN) or has not certified to the Fund that withholding does not apply or (2) the IRS notifies the Fund that the shareholder’s TIN is incorrect or the shareholder is otherwise subject to backup withholding. These backup withholding rules may also apply to distributions that are properly designated as exempt-interest dividends (defined below). This backup withholding is not an additional tax imposed on the shareholder. The shareholder may apply amounts required to be withheld as a credit against his or her future U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can also be subject to IRS penalties. Unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise, the rate of backup withholding is set to increase to 31% for amounts distributed or paid after December 31, 2010.
Tax-Deferred Plans
The shares of a Fund may be available for a variety of tax-deferred retirement and other tax-advantaged plans and accounts. Prospective investors should contact their tax advisors and financial planners regarding the tax consequences to them of holding Fund shares through such plans and/or accounts.
Corporate Shareholders
Subject to limitations and other rules, a corporate shareholder of a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction on Fund distributions attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations, which, if received directly by the corporate shareholder, would qualify for such a deduction. For eligible corporate shareholders, the dividends-received deduction may be subject to certain reductions, and a distribution by a Fund attributable to dividends of a domestic corporation will be eligible for the deduction only if certain holding period and other requirements are met. These requirements are complex; therefore, corporate shareholders of the Funds are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners.
As discussed above, a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations that a Fund may own may not be deductible to the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on these obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend. In such cases, if the issuer of the obligation is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the dividend portion of such interest.
Foreign Shareholders
For purposes of this discussion, “foreign shareholders” generally include: (i) nonresident alien individuals, (ii) foreign trusts (i.e., a trust other than a trust with respect to which a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over administration of that trust and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control substantial decisions of that trust), (iii) foreign estates (i.e., the income of which is not subject to U.S. tax regardless of source), and (iv) foreign corporations.
Generally, unless an exception applies, dividend distributions made to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends and exempt-interest dividends (defined below) will be subject to non-refundable U.S. federal income tax withholding at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income
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tax treaty) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding. However, generally, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010, distributions made to foreign shareholders and properly designated by a Fund as “interest-related dividends” were exempt from U.S. federal income tax withholding. The exemption for interest-related dividends did not apply to any distribution to a foreign shareholder (i) to the extent that the dividend was attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder was the issuer or was a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (ii) that was within certain foreign countries that had inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iii) to the extent the dividend was attributable to interest paid by a person that was a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder was a controlled foreign corporation. Interest-related dividends were generally attributable to the Fund’s net U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder. In order to qualify as an interest-related dividend, the Fund was required to designate a distribution as such in a written notice mailed to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a distribution described above is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the recipient foreign shareholder, U.S. federal income tax withholding will not apply. Instead, the distribution will be subject to the tax, reporting and withholding requirements generally applicable to U.S. persons, and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the recipient foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation.
In general, a foreign shareholder’s capital gains realized on the disposition of Fund shares and distributions properly designated as Capital Gain Dividends are not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, unless: (i) such gains or distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the foreign shareholder; (ii) in the case of an individual foreign shareholder, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the disposition of Fund shares or the receipt of Capital Gain Dividends and certain other conditions are met; or (iii) the Fund shares on which the foreign shareholder realized gain constitute U.S. real property interests (USRPIs, defined below) or, in certain cases, the distributions are attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI, as discussed below. If the requirements of clause (i) are met, the tax, reporting and withholding requirements applicable to U.S. persons generally will apply to the foreign shareholder and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation. If the requirements of clause (i) are not met, but the requirements of clause (ii) are met, such gains and distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income tax treaty). Please see below for a discussion of the tax implications to foreign shareholders in the event that clause (iii) applies. With respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2010, distributions to a foreign shareholder attributable to a Fund’s net short-term capital gain in excess of its net long-term capital loss and designated as such by the Fund in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year (“short-term capital gain dividends”) were generally not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above applied to such distribution.
It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend the exemptions from withholding for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends with respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning on or after January 1, 2010 and what the terms of any such extension would be. Even if permitted to do so, each Fund provides no assurance that it would designate any distributions as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends.
In the case of shares held through an intermediary, even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment, no assurance can be made that the intermediary will respect such a designation, and an intermediary may withhold even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
Special rules apply to distributions to foreign shareholders from a Fund if it is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions from USRPI
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treatment for interests in domestically controlled REITs or regulated investment companies and not-greater- than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs or regulated investment companies. Additionally, special rules apply to the sale of shares in a Fund if it is a USRPHC. Generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs – defined generally as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHC – the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States and other assets. If a Fund holds (directly or indirectly) significant interests in REITs, it may be a USRPHC.
If a Fund is a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for certain of the above-mentioned exceptions, amounts the Fund receives from REITs derived from gains realized from USRPIs generally will retain their character as such in the hands of the Fund’s foreign shareholders. In the hands of a foreign shareholder that holds (or has held in the prior 12 months) more than a 5% interest in any class of the Fund, such amounts generally will be treated as gains “effectively connected” with the conduct of a “U.S. trade or business,” and subject to tax at graduated rates. Moreover, such shareholder generally will be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year recognized, and the Fund must withhold 35% of the amount of such distribution. Otherwise, in the case of all other foreign shareholders (i.e., those whose interest in any class of the Fund did not exceed 5% at any time during the prior 12 months), such amounts generally will be treated as ordinary income (regardless of any designation by the Fund that such distribution is a Capital Gain Dividend), and the Fund must withhold 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) of the amount of the distribution paid to such shareholders. If a Fund is subject to the rules of this paragraph, its foreign shareholders may also be subject to “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the foregoing tax-filing and payment obligations through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares. Prior to January 1, 2010, if a Fund was a USRPHC or would have been a USRPHC but for certain of the above-mentioned exceptions, similar rules generally also applied to any non-REIT USRPI gains recognized by the Fund directly or indirectly through certain lower-tier regulated investment companies. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend such application for distributions made on or after January 1, 2010 and what the terms of any such extension would be.
In addition, if a Fund is a USRPHC, it generally must withhold 10% of the amount realized in redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, and that shareholder must file a U.S. income tax return for the year of the disposition of the USRPI and pay any additional tax due on the gain. Prior to January 1, 2010, such withholding generally was not required with respect to amounts paid in redemption of shares of a Fund if it was a domestically controlled USRPHC, or, in certain limited cases, if the Fund (whether or not domestically controlled) held substantial investments in regulated investment companies that were domestically controlled USRPHCs. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this exemption from withholding for redemptions made on or after January 1, 2010 and what the terms of any such extension would be. Unless and until such legislation is enacted, beginning on January 1, 2010, withholding is required in respect of amounts paid in redemption of shares of a Fund by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder if the Fund is a USRPHC, without regard to whether the Fund or any regulated investment company in which it invests is domestically controlled.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its foreign status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. In addition, additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and foreign estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
If a Fund qualifies and makes an election to pass through foreign taxes to its shareholders, as described earlier, foreign shareholders of the Fund generally will be subject to increased U.S. federal income taxation without a corresponding benefit for the pass-through of foreign taxes.
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A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Under current law, a Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) UBTI from being realized by tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
It is possible that a tax-exempt shareholder will also recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes excess inclusion income (as described above) derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Furthermore, any investment in residual interests of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT, as defined in Section 664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a Fund to the extent that it recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund and the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which the IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. Each Fund has not yet determined whether such an election will be made. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in a Fund.
Shareholder Reporting Requirements Regarding Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts and Other Foreign Financial Assets
Effective for taxable years beginning after March 18, 2010, certain individuals (and, if provided in future guidance, certain domestic entities) must disclose annually their interests in “specified foreign financial assets” on their U.S. federal income tax returns. It is currently unclear under what circumstances, if any, a shareholder’s (indirect) interest in a Fund’s “specified foreign financial assets,” if any, falls within this requirement. In addition, shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of a Fund by vote or value could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund’s “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on Treasury Department Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (“FBAR”). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor regarding the applicability to them of both of these reporting requirements.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
New rules enacted in March 2010 require the reporting to the IRS of direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts and foreign entities by U.S. persons. Failure, including by a U.S. person, to provide this required information can result in a 30% withholding tax on certain payments (“withholdable payments”) made after December 31, 2012. Withholdable payments include U.S.-source dividends and interest, and gross proceeds from the sale or other disposal of property that can produce U.S.-source dividends or interest.
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The IRS has issued only limited guidance with respect to these new rules; their scope remains unclear and potentially subject to material change. Very generally, it appears that any distribution made by a Fund after December 31, 2012 (or such later date as may be provided in future guidance) to a shareholder, including a distribution in redemption of shares and a distribution of income or gains otherwise exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to non-U.S. shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends), will be subject to the new 30% withholding requirement. Payments to a foreign shareholder that is a “foreign financial institution” will generally be subject to withholding, unless such shareholder enters into an agreement with the IRS. Payments to shareholders that are U.S. persons or foreign individuals will generally not be subject to withholding, so long as such shareholders provide a Fund with such certifications or other documentation as the Fund requires to comply with the new rules. Persons investing in a Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary regarding the application of the new reporting and withholding regime to their investments in the Fund.
Shareholders are urged to consult a tax advisor regarding this new reporting and withholding regime, in light of their particular circumstances.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury Regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to Tax-Exempt Funds
If, at the close of each quarter of a regulated investment company’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of obligations the interest on which is exempt from U.S. federal income tax under Section 103(a) of the Code, then the regulated investment company may qualify to pay “exempt-interest dividends” and pass through to its shareholders the tax-exempt character of its income from such obligations. Certain of the Funds intend to so qualify and are designed to provide shareholders with a high level of income in the form of exempt-interest dividends, which are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax (such qualifying Funds, “the Tax-Exempt Funds”).
Distributions of capital gains or income not attributable to interest on Tax-Exempt Funds’ tax-exempt obligations will not constitute exempt-interest dividends and will be taxable to shareholders as described earlier.
Not later than 60 days after the close of a Tax-Exempt Fund’s taxable year, the Tax-Exempt Fund will notify its shareholders of the portion of the distributions for the taxable year which constitutes exempt-interest dividends. In general, if an amount of the Tax-Exempt Fund’s distribution designated as an exempt-interest dividend exceeds the fund’s net-exempt interest, the amount so qualifying as tax-exempt will be scaled back ratably to the amount of its net-exempt income. In such a case, each Tax-Exempt Fund shareholder must proportionately reduce the amount of the dividend it treats as tax-exempt, and will generally include the excess income as a taxable dividend to the extent of certain disallowed deductions and thereafter as a return of capital. The deductibility of interest paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of a Tax-Exempt Fund may be limited. The portion of such interest that is non-deductible generally equals the amount of such interest times the ratio of a Tax-Exempt Fund’s exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder to all of the Tax-Exempt Fund’s dividends received by the shareholder (excluding Capital Gain Dividends and any capital gains required to be included in the shareholder’s long term capital gains in respect of capital gains retained by the Tax-Exempt Fund, as described earlier).
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Although exempt-interest dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax, there may not be a similar exemption under the laws of a particular state or local taxing jurisdiction. Thus, exempt-interest dividends may be subject to state and local taxes; however, eaxh state-specific Tax-Exempt Funds generally invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal bonds that pay interest that is exempt not only from U.S. federal income tax, but also from the applicable state’s personal income tax (but not necessarily local taxes or taxes of other states). You should consult your tax advisor to discuss the tax consequences of your investment in a Tax-Exempt Fund.
Tax-exempt interest on certain “private activity bonds” has been designated as a “tax preference item” and must be added back to taxable income for purposes of calculating U.S. federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”). To the extent that a Tax-Exempt Fund invests in certain private activity bonds, its shareholders will be required to report that portion of a Tax-Exempt Fund’s distributions attributable to income from the bonds as a tax preference item in determining their U.S. federal AMT, if any. Shareholders will be notified of the tax status of distributions made by a Tax-Exempt Fund. Persons who may be “substantial users” (or “related persons” of substantial users) of facilities financed by private activity bonds should consult their tax advisors before purchasing shares in a Tax-Exempt Fund. In addition, exempt-interest dividends paid by a Tax-Exempt Fund to a corporate shareholder are, with very limited exceptions, included in the shareholder’s “adjusted current earnings” as part of its U.S. federal AMT calculation. As of the date of this SAI, individuals are subject to the U.S. federal AMT at a maximum rate of 28% and corporations at a maximum rate of 20%. Shareholders with questions or concerns about the U.S. federal AMT should consult their own tax advisors.
Ordinarily, a Tax-Exempt Fund relies on an opinion from the issuer’s bond counsel that interest on the issuer’s obligation will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. However, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not successfully challenge such exemption, which could cause interest on the obligation to be taxable and could jeopardize a Tax-Exempt Fund’s ability to pay exempt-interest dividends. Similar challenges may occur as to state-specific exemptions. Also, from time to time legislation may be introduced or litigation may arise that would change the treatment of exempt-interest dividends. Such litigation or legislation may have the effect of raising the state or other taxes payable by shareholders on such dividends. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors for the current law on exempt-interest dividends.
A shareholder who receives Social Security or railroad retirement benefits should consult his or her tax advisor to determine what effect, if any, an investment in a Tax-Exempt Fund may have on the federal taxation of such benefits. Exempt-interest dividends are included in income for purposes of determining the amount of benefits that are taxable.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of September 30, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “principal holder” (i.e., owns of record or is known by the Trust to own beneficially 5% or more of any class of a Fund’s outstanding shares) is listed below.
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending March 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class A | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 231,713.9370 | 13.88% | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 128,858.1120 | 7.72% | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 16,991.9580 | 6.48% | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class C | WELLS FARGO INVESTMENTS LLC 625 MARQUETTE AVE FL 13 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55402-2323 | 13,245.4760 | 5.05% | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 261.0300 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 261.2970 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class Y | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,792,527.4810 | 99.93% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 44,395,590.7660 | 61.41% | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 4,737,302.7060 | 6.55% | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 620,044.1290 | 7.11% | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class A | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 641,588.8450 | 7.36% | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 128,497.3820 | 22.27% | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 234,458.5820 | 20.29% | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 254.1810 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 254.1750 | 100.00% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 22,719,786.0950 | 59.54% | |||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 5,023,009.6700 | 13.16% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 147,904.2740 | 22.96% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 43,259.0470 | 27.49% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 10,035.0910 | 6.38% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class C | NFS LLC FEBO FMT CO CUST R/O IRA FBO ERIC K LIEW 3419 CROSS CREEK CIR WOOSTER OH 44691-1863 | 8,216.2920 | 5.22% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 213.4930 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 213.6750 | 100.00% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 213.6750 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 10,150,197.9010 | 31.06% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 8,889,579.8000 | 27.20% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL BALANCED GROWTH ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 2,144,861.4930 | 6.56% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class Z | NFS LLC FEBO SMALL GRAT LLC 35 EAGLE DR SHARON MA 02067-2907 | 2,112,423.0010 | 6.46% | |||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL GROWTH PORTFOLIO ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 2,015,460.5900 | 6.17% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 214,418.7330 | 8.63% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class A | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 159,151.2010 | 6.41% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 138,725.2940 | 15.93% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 132.8370 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 133.2620 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 6,155,878.0700 | 19.19% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 6,140,791.7260 | 19.14% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL BALANCED GROWTH ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 2,048,545.0140 | 6.39% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class Z | TD AMERITRADE INC FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF OUR CLIENTS P.O. BOX 2226 OMAHA NE 68103-2226 | 1,649,852.0080 | 5.14% | |||||||
Columbia Energy & Natural Resources Fund Class Z | LPL FINANCIAL FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 509046 SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 | 1,635,431.9370 | 5.10% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class A | NFS LLC FEBO TRANSAMERICA LIFE INS COMPANY 1150 S OLIVE ST STE 2700 LOS ANGELES CA 90015-2211 | 3,523,035.6830 | 18.82% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 654,794.7180 | 29.59% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 839,859.8690 | 23.36% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 456,912.3270 | 12.71% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 187,152.6570 | 5.21% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 271.5510 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO REGGIO REGISTER CO INC 401K P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 42,853.8020 | 18.90% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class R | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 37,728.4780 | 16.64% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class R | MG TRUST COMPANY CUST, FBO GREGORY PHILLIES, MD, PC 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 18,019.8790 | 7.95% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO THOMAS J KING JR D D S PC P P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 14,940.0210 | 6.59% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class R | RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOC INC FBO THOMAS C DAVIS & STEVEN J DAVIS TTEE SB DAVIS COMPANY PSP 2695 ELMRIDGE DR NW GRAND RAPIDS MI 49534-1302 | 14,292.6100 | 6.31% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO AUBURN MANUFACTORING INC RETIREMENT P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 14,250.9170 | 6.29% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class R | MG TRUST CO CUST FBO ALERT AMBULANCE SERVICE INC 401K 700 17TH ST STE 300 DENVER CO 80202-3531 | 13,146.7720 | 5.80% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 271.5410 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 108,767,489.3180 | 50.20% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 14,809,519.3880 | 6.83% | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class Z | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. BOOK ENTRY ACCOUNT ATTN: MATT MAESRI MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 333 W 34TH ST 7TH FL NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 12,546,091.5630 | 5.79% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Class Z | COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT ADVISORS INC FBO COL MODERATE GROWTH NY 529 ATTN: JIM MARIN 245 SUMMER ST FL 3 BOSTON MA 02210-1133 | 11,200,007.2990 | 5.17% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class A | LPL FINANCIAL FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS P.O. BOX 509046 SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 | 55,928.8560 | 43.67% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class A | PERSHING LLC P.O. BOX 2052 JERSEY CITY NJ 07303-2052 | 10,252.7010 | 8.01% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class A | LPL FINANCIAL 9785 TOWNE CENTRE DR SAN DIEGO CA 92121-1968 | 6,500.1570 | 5.08% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 2,677.2470 | 44.60% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class C | FIRST CLEARING LLC 2801 MARKET ST SAINT LOUIS MO 63103-2523 | 1,899.6370 | 31.64% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class C | LPL FINANCIAL SERVICES 9785 TOWNE CENTRE DR SAN DIEGO CA 92121-1968 | 733.6400 | 12.22% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class C | FIRST CLEARING LLC BETTY JEAN GHOSH TR BETTY JEAN GHOSH TTEE 245 KUIKAHI ST HILO HI 96720-2223 | 518.4120 | 8.64% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 316.8570 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,454,249.1510 | 31.17% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL BALANCED GROWTH ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 1,059,953.6000 | 22.72% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL GROWTH PORTFOLIO ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 689,282.3110 | 14.77% | |||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 448,523.2660 | 9.61% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 55,033.4560 | 18.55% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 53,383.4870 | 17.99% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class C | BARCLAYS CAPITAL INC. 70 HUDSON STREET, 7TH FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07302-4585 | 40,192.9260 | 13.55% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 39,009.9630 | 13.15% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 222.6180 | 100.00% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | WILMINGTON TRUST RISC CUST FBO WATTEREDGE INC EMPLOYEE SP P.O. BOX 52129 PHOENIX AZ 85072-2129 | 32,236.3850 | 25.92% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO NETWORK ADJUSTERS INC 401 P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 20,152.4090 | 16.20% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO CROSE & LEMKE CONSTRUCTION INC P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 16,854.7500 | 13.55% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | WILMINGTON TRUST RISC CUST FBO INDUSTRIAL ENERGY P.O. BOX 52129 PHOENIX AZ 85072-2129 | 16,817.0710 | 13.52% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | ORCHARD TRUST CO LLC CUST OPP FUNDS RECORDK PRO RET PL 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VILLAGE CO 80111 | 14,565.8440 | 11.71% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO REGGIO REGISTER CO INC 401K P.O. BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 11,303.0530 | 9.09% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | FRONTIER TRUST CO FBO JACKSIN SERVICES INC 401K RETIR PO BOX 10758 FARGO ND 58106-0758 | 8,346.9230 | 6.71% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 224.0140 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 174,231,681.5130 | 84.37% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 14,103,428.4260 | 6.83% | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,061,274.4000 | 25.34% | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class A | PRUDENTIAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES LLC FBO MUTUAL FUND CLIENTS 100 MULBERRY ST NEWARK NJ 07102-4056 | 214,763.4460 | 5.13% | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 131,479.8590 | 28.71% | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 155,004.3560 | 9.81% | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 131,912.6590 | 8.35% | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 212.6280 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 7,739,343.1240 | 30.12% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,658,883.9410 | 14.24% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 220,043.2390 | 15.07% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 118,452.3790 | 8.11% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 57.5110 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class R | DCGT AS TTEE AND/OR CUST FBO PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP QUALIFIED PRIN ADVTG OMNIBUS ATTN NPIO TRADE DESK 711 HIGH STREET DES MOINES IA 50392-0001 | 349,799.6330 | 26.16% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class R | DCGT AS TTEE AND/OR CUST FBO PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP QUALIFIED PRIN ADVTG OMNIBUS ATTN NPIO TRADE DESK 711 HIGH STREET DES MOINES IA 50392-0001 | 258,023.3540 | 19.30% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class R | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK CUST FBO HUTAMAKI LONG TERM SAVINGS & INVESTMENT PLAN C/O JPMORGAN RPS 5500 TEAM 9300 WARD PKWY KANSAS CITY MO 64114-3317 | 198,346.9220 | 14.84% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class R | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK CUST FBO HUTAMAKI LONG TERM SAVINGS & INVESTMENT PLAN C/O JPMORGAN RPS 5500 TEAM 9300 WARD PKWY KANSAS CITY MO 64114-3317 | 74,367.5070 | 5.56% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 57.4840 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 36,097,426.4100 | 27.49% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 20,424,748.5680 | 15.56% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 17,260,116.2440 | 13.15% | |||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Class Z | JOHN HANCOCK LIFE INSURANCE CO USA RPS SEG FUNDS & ACCOUNTING ET-7 601 CONGRESS ST BOSTON MA 02210-2804 | 7,670,245.0440 | 5.84% |
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending May 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 6,720,428.1240 | 13.90% | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Class A | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 4,206,538.9500 | 8.70% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 457,352.7670 | 13.33% | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 336,888.5590 | 9.82% | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 469,379.8150 | 14.22% | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 170,452.1540 | 5.16% | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 21,778,115.1400 | 76.46% | |||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund Class A | LPL FINANCIAL FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS PO BOX 509046 SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 | 18,954.6860 | 17.89% | |||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund Class A | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 13,295.4930 | 12.55% | |||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 6,491.0000 | 16.54% | |||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund Class C | AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT SVCS PO BOX 9446 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440-9446 | 2,824.4790 | 7.20% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 220.4590 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 820,950.2480 | 59.81% | |||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund Class Z | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 516,099.7760 | 37.60% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 17,139,026.3850 | 10.32% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,512,579.0500 | 25.43% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 9,631,716.6250 | 29.10% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 1,863,775.5590 | 5.63% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 405.8440 | 100.00% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 405.8440 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 83,245,905.4230 | 71.01% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 9,992,474.6940 | 8.52% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 6,348,121.9690 | 5.42% |
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending June 30:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,898,947.8830 | 35.14 | % | ||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund Class A | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 518,408.6020 | 6.28 | % | ||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 205,867.2160 | 36.48 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 323,169.4900 | 32.44 | % | ||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund Class C | LPL FINANCIAL SERVICES 9785 TOWNE CENTRE DR SAN DIEGO CA 92121-1968 | 54,017.2680 | 5.42 | % | ||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 57,791,398.9660 | 81.53 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class A | ORCHARD TRUST COMPANY LLC TTEE FBO EMPLOYEE BENEFITS CLIENTS 401(K) PLAN 8515 E ORCHARD RD #2T2 GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 863,978.5170 | 5.32 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 857,698.9710 | 5.28 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class A | DCGT AS TTEE AND/OR CUST FBO PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP QUALIFIED FIA OMNIBUS ATTN NPIO TRADE DESK 711 HIGH ST DES MOINES IA 50392-001 | 847,944.5300 | 5.22 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 63,970.2730 | 9.40 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 330,773.3610 | 21.60 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 89,658.9020 | 5.85% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 87,817.7670 | 5.73% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 61.8810 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 65.0530 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class Y | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 28,342.1690 | 98.89% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 5,171,440.5480 | 24.27% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class Z | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS MO 63043-3009 | 2,437,484.6220 | 11.44% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,297,671.7490 | 6.09% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 1,285,600.5530 | 6.03 | % |
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending August 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class A | TAYNIK & CO C/O INVESTORS BANK & TRUST CO 200 CLARENDON ST #FPG90 BOSTON MA 02116-5021 | 282,965.6610 | 9.37 | % | ||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 163,972.1100 | 5.43 | % | ||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class A | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 155,186.3500 | 5.14 | % | ||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 65,840.3590 | 23.03 | % | ||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class B | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 18,691.0110 | 6.54 | % | ||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 182,062.5900 | 16.33 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 160,656.5000 | 14.41% | |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 127,157.7540 | 11.41% | |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 101.5430 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,380,710.7190 | 15.37% | |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 546,028.1750 | 6.08% | |||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund Class Z | NFS LLC FEBO REGIONS BANK DBA KENNEBURT CO 250 RIVERCHASE PKWY E FL 5 BIRMINGHAM AL 35244-1832 | 488,272.9300 | 5.44% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 746,691.5880 | 23.21% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 90,385.5020 | 31.02% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 91,133.9560 | 17.33% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 61,854.3100 | 11.76% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 107.6190 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class R | PALACE ENTERTAINMENT TTEE FBO PALACE ENTERTAINMENT 401K C/O FASCORE LLC 8515 E ORCHARD RD #2T2 GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 29,872.0110 | 12.13% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class R | COUNSEL TRUST DBA MATC FBO ANDERSON & VREELAND INC PSP 1251 WATERFRONT PL STE 525 PITTSBURGH PA 15222-4228 | 25,872.0820 | 10.50% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class R | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 22,752.8750 | 9.24% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class R | CAPITAL BANK & TRUST CO TTEE F FALASCA MECHANICAL INC 401K 8515 E ORCHARD RD #2T2 GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 13,292.9880 | 5.40% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class T | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 164,348.5380 | 17.16% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 110.2780 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class Y | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 619.0670 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 19,841,200.6310 | 42.06% | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 2,957,559.1610 | 6.27% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 9,135.3190 | 9.95% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 183,419.5700 | 30.05% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 93.0750 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 94.2680 | 100.00% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class Y | ANCHORAGE POLICE & FIRE RETIREMENT SYSTEM ATTN CHARLES M LAIRD 3600 DR MARTIN LUTHER KING JR AVE STE 207 ANCHORAGE AK 99507-1222 | 574,338.8870 | 99.91% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 14,930,461.6990 | 50.48% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 3,020,180.4990 | 10.21% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Class Z | NFS LLC FEBO STATE STREET BANK TRUST CO TTEE VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS 4 MANHATTANVILLE RD PURCHASE NY 10577-2139 | 1,905,578.3390 | 6.44% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 605,226.9980 | 6.64% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 366,932.3080 | 27.69% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 195,471.8960 | 18.33% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 146.9720 | 100.00% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 147.3190 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 147.3190 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class Y | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 625,701.5030 | 99.88% | |||||||
Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 2,113,685.8780 | 6.22% |
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending September 30:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 55,204.9040 | 16.30% | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 400,538.8090 | 25.71% | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 196.8500 | 100.00% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 198.0980 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class T | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 2,904,076.6610 | 32.18% | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 198.0980 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 11,895,818.9480 | 43.85% | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL GROWTH PORTFOLIO ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 1,742,073.6190 | 6.37% | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Class Z | STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY AAF LIFEGOAL BALANCED GROWTH ATTN JIM BOTSOLIS TWO AVENUE DE LAFAYETTE BOSTON MA 02111-1724 | 1,646,036.7240 | 6.07% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,833,676.4450 | 6.39% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 323,006.5390 | 18.13% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,679,694.0770 | 21.34% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 505,894.0470 | 6.43% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 205.9310 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class R | NFS LLC FEBO STATE STREET BANK TRUST CO TTEE VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS 4 MANHATTANVILLE RD PURCHASE NY 10577-2139 | 354,054.4290 | 50.12% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class R | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 72,943.3090 | 10.33% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class R | CAPITAL BANK & TRUST CO TTEE F CHEMGLASS INC 401K 8515 E ORCHARD RD GREENWOOD VLG CO 80111-5002 | 48,596.2770 | 6.88% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class T | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 1,729,484.3090 | 26.07% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class T | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,052,218.9670 | 15.86% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 206.1010 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 76,073,223.1810 | 58.11% | |||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 9,604,889.3720 | 7.34% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 501,887.3690 | 6.97% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 93,881.2820 | 12.24% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 144,483.2790 | 17.15% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class F | BRIDGET NEUMANN ADVANTAGE PLAN TRUST C/O CHRISTOPHER M NEUMANN 2923 E LAKE RD SKANEATELES NY 13152-9003 | 3,133.0250 | 13.97% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class F | ANDREW NEUMANN ADVANTAGE PLAN TRUST C/O CHRISTOPHER M NEUMANN 2923 E LAKE RD SKANEATELES NY 13152-9003 | 3,132.6550 | 13.97% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class F | KAYLA HALL ADVANTAGE PLAN TRUST C/O MAUREEN HALL 49 RAYMOND PL STATEN ISLAND NY 10310-2231 | 2,804.7220 | 12.51% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class F | MIRANDA E KRAMER ADVANTAGE PLAN TRUST C/O LEIGH A NEUMANN 5203 SILVER FOX DR JAMESVILLE NY 13078-8742 | 2,617.7510 | 11.67% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class F | CLAIRE NEUMANN ADVANTAGE PLAN TRUST C/O ROBERT S NEUMANN 2923 E LAKE RD SKANEATELES NY 13152-9003 | 2,587.8420 | 11.54% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class F | LILY ELIZABETH KRAMER ADVANTAGE PLAN TRUST C/O LEIGH A NEUMANN 5203 SILVER FOX DR JAMESVILLE NY 13078-8742 | 2,582.3600 | 11.51% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class F | MATTHEW PATRICK NEUMANN ADVANTAGE PLAN TRUST C/O CHRISTOPHER M NEUMANN 2923 E LAKE RD SKANEATELES NY 13152-9003 | 2,572.5710 | 11.47% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 118.0360 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 120.8900 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class T | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,850,615.3180 | 26.36% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class W | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 120.8900 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class Y | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,053,087.9350 | 99.94% | |||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 15,661,903.8570 | 38.14% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 725,948.6660 | 7.96% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class A | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 456,353.2080 | 5.00% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 237,992.1060 | 18.27% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 223,748.8400 | 13.55% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN: PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK NY 10001-2402 | 129,811.4340 | 7.86% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 100,824.8620 | 6.11% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 186.9860 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class T | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,853,281.8600 | 32.82% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 192.1600 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 14,295,990.1260 | 47.59% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class Z | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 3,431,874.4850 | 11.42% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 2,230,417.1550 | 7.43% | |||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Class Z | FIDELITY INVSTMNTS INSTITUTIONAL OPERATING CO FIIOC AGENT FBO CERTAIN EMP BENEFIT PLANS 100 MAGELLAN WAY COVINGTON KY 41015-1987 | 1,612,451.1200 | 5.37% |
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Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending October 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia CT Tax-Exempt Fund Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 1,458,758.9220 | 14.36% | |||||||
Columbia CT Tax-Exempt Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 127,193.2490 | 31.57% | |||||||
Columbia CT Tax-Exempt Fund Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 378,486.5220 | 23.66% | |||||||
Columbia CT Tax-Exempt Fund Class C | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 111,582.9250 | 6.98% | |||||||
Columbia CT Tax-Exempt Fund Class C | PERSHING LLC PO BOX 2052 JERSEY CITY NJ 07303-2052 | 94,050.7650 | 5.88% | |||||||
Columbia CT Tax-Exempt Fund Class Z | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 313.3810 | 100.00% |
Principal Holder Ownership of the Fund with fiscal year ending December 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class A | FIRST CLEARING LLC BARRETT A TOAN & PAULA OBRIAN JT TEN 42 PORTLAND PL SAINT LOUIS MO 63108-1242 | 246,430.2830 | 11.89% |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of class | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class A | MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA 2, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY NJ 07311 | 198,900.1270 | 9.64% | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 | 38,577.2290 | 14.49% | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class I | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 212.4040 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class R | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 212.7660 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class W | COLUMBIA MGMT INVESTMENT ADVSR LLC ATTN T ARMBRUSTMACHER & V GEHLHAR 50807 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL CTR MINNEAPOLIS MN 55474-0508 | 212.7660 | 100.00% | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 10,537,887.6510 | 37.22% | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class Z | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 5,884,378.3790 | 20.78% |
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As of September 30, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “control person” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of a Fund because it owns of record more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund by virtue of its fiduciary roles with respect to its clients or otherwise, is shown below. A control person may be able to facilitate shareholder approval of proposals it approves and to impede shareholder approval of proposals it opposes. If a control person’s record ownership of a Fund’s outstanding shares exceeds 50%, then, for certain shareholder proposals, such control person may be able to approve, or prevent approval, of such proposals without regard to votes by other Fund shareholders.
Control Person Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending March 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 46,188,118.2470 | 60.75 | % | ||||||
Columbia Corporate Income Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 22,719,786.0950 | 46.74 | % | ||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 10,150,197.5000 | 30.32 | % | ||||||
Columbia Emerging Markets Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 8,889,579.8000 | 26.55 | % | ||||||
Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 108,767,489.3180 | 45.05 | % | ||||||
Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 1,454,249.1510 | 30.30 | % |
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Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 174,231,681.5130 | 62.53 | % | ||||||
Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCOUNT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 | 36,097,426.4100 | 25.82 | % |
Control Person Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending May 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 21,778,115.1400 | 26.07 | % | ||||||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 57,791,398.9660 | 71.62 | % | ||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 820,950.2480 | 54.08 | % | ||||||
Columbia International Bond Fund | FIM FUNDING INC C/O BOFA GOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 100 FEDERAL ST BOSTON MA 02110-1802 | 516,099.7760 | 34.00 | % | ||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 83,245,905.4230 | 25.21 | % |
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Control Person Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending August 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 19,841,200.6310 | 37.86 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 14,930,461.6990 | 44.56 | % |
Control Person Ownership of the Funds with fiscal year ending September 30:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia Contrarian Core Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 11,895,878.9480 | 25.40 | % | ||||||
Columbia Dividend Income Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 76,073,223.1810 | 58.11 | % | ||||||
Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 16,714,991.7920 | 28.53 | % | ||||||
Columbia Small Cap Core Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 14,295,990.1260 | 29.93 | % |
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Control Person Ownership of the Fund with fiscal year ending December 31:
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS TX 75202-3908 | 10,537,887.6510 | 33.79 | % |
Bank of America, N.A. is a national banking association organized under the laws of the United States, 101 South Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255. Bank of America Corporation, a publicly-traded financial services corporation, is the ultimate parent company of Bank of America, N.A.
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. is organized under the laws of the United States, 211 Main Street, San Francisco, California 94105. The Charles Schwab Corporation is the ultimate parent company of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
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In June 2004, an action captioned John E. Gallus et al. v. American Express Financial Corp. and American Express Financial Advisors Inc., was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. The plaintiffs allege that they are investors in several American Express Company (now known as RiverSource) mutual funds and they purport to bring the action derivatively on behalf of those funds under the 1940 Act. The plaintiffs allege that fees allegedly paid to the defendants by the funds for investment advisory and administrative services are excessive. The plaintiffs seek remedies including restitution and rescission of investment advisory and distribution agreements. The plaintiffs voluntarily agreed to transfer this case to the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (the District Court). In response to defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint, the District Court dismissed one of plaintiffs’ four claims and granted plaintiffs limited discovery. Defendants moved for summary judgment in April 2007. Summary judgment was granted in the defendants’ favor on July 9, 2007. The plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals (the Eighth Circuit) on August 8, 2007. On April 8, 2009, the Eighth Circuit reversed summary judgment and remanded to the District Court for further proceedings. On August 6, 2009, defendants filed a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court (the Supreme Court), asking the Supreme Court to stay the District Court proceedings while the Supreme Court considered and ruled in a case captioned Jones v. Harris Associates, which involved issues of law similar to those presented in the Gallus case. On March 30, 2010, the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Jones v. Harris Associates, and on April 5, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated the Eighth Circuit’s decision in the Gallus case and remanded the case to the Eighth Circuit for further consideration in light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Jones v. Harris Associates. On June 4, 2010, the Eighth Circuit remanded the Gallus case to the District Court for further consideration in light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Jones v. Harris Associates.
In December 2005, without admitting or denying the allegations, American Express Financial Corporation (AEFC, which is now known as Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (Ameriprise Financial)), entered into settlement agreements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Minnesota Department of Commerce (MDOC) related to market timing activities. As a result, AEFC was censured and ordered to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of certain provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the 1940 Act, and various Minnesota laws. AEFC agreed to pay disgorgement of $10 million and civil money penalties of $7 million. AEFC also agreed to retain an independent distribution consultant to assist in developing a plan for distribution of all disgorgement and civil penalties ordered by the SEC in accordance with various undertakings detailed at http://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/ia-2451.pdf. Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates have cooperated with the SEC and the MDOC in these legal proceedings, and have made regular reports to the RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds’ Boards of Directors/Trustees.
Ameriprise Financial and certain of its affiliates have historically been involved in a number of legal, arbitration and regulatory proceedings, including routine litigation, class actions, and governmental actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of their business activities. Ameriprise Financial believes that the Funds are not currently the subject of, and that neither Ameriprise Financial nor any of its affiliates are the subject of, any pending legal, arbitration or regulatory proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Funds or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with the Funds. Ameriprise Financial is required to make 10-Q, 10-K and, as necessary, 8-K filings with the SEC on legal and regulatory matters that relate to Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. Copies of these filings may be obtained by accessing the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
There can be no assurance that these matters, or the adverse publicity associated with them, will not result in increased fund redemptions, reduced sale of fund shares or other adverse consequences to the Funds. Further, although we believe proceedings are not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Funds or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with the Funds, these proceedings are subject to uncertainties and, as such, we are unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss that may result. An adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other relief that could have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition or results of operations of Ameriprise Financial.
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APPENDIX A — DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITIES RATINGS
This Appendix summarizes the various descriptions of securities ratings applicable to securities purchased by the Columbia Funds. Please refer to a Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information to determine whether that Fund may invest in securities that have ratings described in this Appendix.
STANDARD & POOR’S (S&P)
Bonds
The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P for bonds. The ratings AAA, AA, A and BBB denote investment grade securities.
AAA bonds have the highest rating assigned by S&P and are considered to have an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
AA bonds are considered to have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and they differ from AAA only in small degree.
A bonds are considered to have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB bonds are considered to have an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC and C bonds are considered to have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or large exposures to adverse conditions.
BB bonds are considered to have less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, they face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB – rating.
B bonds are considered to have a greater vulnerability to default but currently have the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB – rating.
CCC bonds are considered to have a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the bonds are not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B – rating.
CC rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
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C rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC – debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation, for example, where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.
CI rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D bonds are in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Municipal Notes
SP-1. Notes rated SP-1 are considered to have very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designated as SP-1+.
SP-2. Notes rated SP-2 are considered to have satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.
Notes due in three years or less normally receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years normally receive a bond rating, although the following criteria are used in making that assessment:
Amortization schedule (the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely the issue will be rated as a note).
Source of payment (the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be rated as a note).
Commercial Paper
A. Issues assigned this highest rating are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are further refined with the designations 1, 2, and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety.
A-1. Issues assigned to this rating are considered to have overwhelming or very strong capacity for timely payment. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designed A-1+.
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY’S)
Municipal Bonds
Aaa bonds are considered to be of the best quality. They are considered to have the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge”. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair a fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa bonds are considered to be of high quality by all standards. Together with Aaa bonds they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
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Those bonds in the Aa through B groups that Moody’s believes possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols Aa1, A1 or Baa1.
A bonds are considered to possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered to be upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment at some time in the future.
Baa bonds are considered to be medium grade obligations: they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and, in fact, have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba bonds are considered to have speculative elements: their future cannot be considered as well secured. Often, the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times in the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this grade.
B bonds are considered generally to lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa bonds are considered to be of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca bonds are considered to represent obligations that are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C bonds are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Conditional Ratings. Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operating experience, (c) rentals which begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting conditions attach. Parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of basis of condition.
Corporate Bonds
The description of the applicable rating symbols (Aaa, Aa, A, Baa, etc.) and their meanings is identical to that of the Municipal Bond ratings as set forth above, except for the numerical modifiers. Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in the Aa and A classifications of its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a midrange ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issuer ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Municipal Notes
MIG 1. This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2. This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
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MIG 3. This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for, but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
Commercial Paper
Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
Prime-1 Highest Quality
Prime-2 Higher Quality
Prime-3 High Quality
If an issuer represents to Moody’s that its commercial paper obligations are supported by the credit of another entity or entities, Moody’s, in assigning ratings to such issuers, evaluates the financial strength of the indicated affiliated corporations, commercial banks, insurance companies, foreign governments, or other entities, but only as one factor in the total rating assessment.
FITCH, INC. (FITCH)
Long-Term Debt
Investment Grade Bond Ratings
AAA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and/or dividends and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A bonds are considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than debt securities with higher ratings.
BBB bonds are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest or dividends and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these securities and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for securities with higher ratings.
Speculative Grade Bond Ratings
BB bonds are considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified, which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B bonds are considered highly speculative. While securities in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
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CCC bonds are considered to have certain identifiable characteristics that, if not remedied, may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business and economic environment.
CC bonds are considered to be minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or principal seems probable over time.
C bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, and D bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments. Such securities are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for recovery on these securities and D represents the lowest potential for recovery.
Plus (+) or minus (-): Plus or minus signs are used to show relative standing within the major rating categories. Plus and minus signs, however, are not used in the DDD, DD, or D categories.
Short-Term Debt
Fitch’s short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and investment notes.
F-1+ obligations have exceptionally strong credit quality and are considered to have the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1 obligations are considered to reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+.
F-2 obligations are considered to have good credit quality. Securities in this class have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+ and F-1 ratings.
F-3 obligations are considered to have characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for timely payment is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could cause these securities to be rated below investment grade.
F-S rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a minimal degree of assurance for timely payment and to be vulnerable to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
B obligations are considered to have a minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and a susceptibility to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.
C rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a high default risk and whose capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D obligations are in actual or imminent payment default.
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APPENDIX B — PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICY FOR LEGACY COLUMBIA MANAGEMENT CLIENTS
EFFECTIVE MAY 1, 2010
Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (CMIA) has adopted the attached Proxy Voting Policy for purposes of voting proxies of securities held in certain client accounts1, with the following changes:
• | References to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and CMA are deemed to be references to Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC; and |
• | References to Bank of America Corporation and BAC are deemed to be references to Ameriprise Financial, Inc. |
In addition, the text of footnote 1 in the Proxy Voting Policy is hereby deleted and replaced with the following:
Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the corporate parent of Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, and all of its numerous affiliates own, operate and have interests in many lines of business that may create or give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest between Ameriprise Financial, Inc. or its affiliates and those of clients advised by Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC. For example, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. and its affiliates may have interests with respect to issuers of voting securities that could appear to or even actually conflict with Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC’s duty, in the proxy voting process, to act in the best economic interest of its clients.
1 | On April 30, 2010, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of CMIA, acquired from Bank of America, N.A. a portion of the asset management business of Columbia Management Group, LLC, the parent company of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”). In connection with this transaction, CMIA became the investment adviser of certain client accounts previously advised by CMA. CMIA will apply CMA’s Proxy Voting Policy to certain of these and other client accounts. |
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Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”) – Proxy Voting Policy
Last Review Date: | April 2010 | |
Applicable Regulatory Authority: | Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 Form N-PX ERISA Department of Labor Bulletin 08-2 Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (SEC No Action Letter dated September 15, 2004) |
Explanation/Summary of Regulatory Requirements
An investment adviser that exercises voting authority over clients’ proxies must adopt written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that those proxies are voted in the best economic interests of clients. An adviser’s policies and procedures must address how the adviser resolves material conflicts of interest between its interests and those of its clients. An investment adviser must comply with certain record keeping and disclosure requirements with respect to its proxy voting responsibilities. In addition, an investment adviser to Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) accounts has an affirmative obligation to vote proxies for an ERISA account, unless the client expressly retains proxy voting authority.
Policy Summary
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”) has adopted and implemented the following policy, which it believes is reasonably designed to: (1) ensure that proxies are voted in the best economic interest of clients; and (2) address material conflicts of interest that may arise. This policy applies primarily to the Global Wealth and Investment Management (“GWIM”) Investment Operations Group, the Investment groups (particularly, Equity and Chief Investment Officer’s Office), as well as to Compliance Risk Management (“CRM”) and Legal. CRM and Business groups to which this policy directly applies must adopt written procedures to implement this Policy.
Policy
All proxies regarding client securities for which CMA has authority to vote will, unless CMA determines in accordance with policies stated below to refrain from voting, be voted in a manner considered by CMA to be in the best interest of CMA’s clients without regard to any resulting benefit or detriment to CMA, its associates, or its affiliates. The best interest of clients is defined for this purpose as the interest of enhancing or protecting the economic value of client accounts, considered as a group rather than individually, as CMA determines in its sole and absolute discretion. In the event a client believes that its other interests require a different vote, CMA will vote as the client clearly instructs, provided CMA receives such instructions in time to act accordingly. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential. Therefore, the information may be shared on a need to know basis only, including within CMA and with CMA affiliates. Advisory clients, including mutual funds’ and other funds’ boards, may obtain information on how their proxies were voted by CMA. However, CMA will not selectively disclose its investment company clients’ proxy voting records to third parties. Rather, the investment company clients’ proxy records will be disclosed to shareholders by publicly-available annual filings for 12-month periods ending each year on June 30th on Form N-PX.
CMA endeavors to vote, in accordance with this Policy, all proxies of which it becomes aware prior to the vote deadline date, subject to certain general exceptions described below.
CMA seeks to avoid the occurrence of actual or apparent material conflicts of interest in the proxy voting process by voting in accordance with predetermined voting guidelines and observing other procedures that are intended to prevent where practicable and manage conflicts of interest (refer to Conflicts of Interest section below). CMA’s proxy voting policy and practices are summarized in its Form ADV. Additionally, CMA will provide clients with a copy of its policies, as they may be updated from time to time, upon request.
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Means of Achieving Compliance
The Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations is primarily responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the proxy voting process. The Proxy Group’s monitoring will take into account the following elements: (1) periodic review of the proxy vendor’s votes to ensure that the proxy vendor is accurately voting consistent with CMA’s Voting Guidelines; and (2) review of the Columbia Funds’ fund website to ensure that annual proxy voting reports are posted in a timely and accurate manner. CMA has established a Proxy Committee which is responsible for overseeing the proxy voting process.
The specific responsibilities of the Proxy Committee and scope of its oversight are described in the Proxy Committee’s charter.
CMA’S INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES’ RESPONSIBILITIES
Under CMA’s Voting Guidelines, certain matters must be determined on a case-by-case basis. In general, the Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations will refer these matters first to the relevant CMA research analyst after first confirming that the proxy matter does not present a potential conflict to CMA. If there is not a research analyst assigned to the particular security, the matter will be referred to the appropriate portfolio manager.
In considering a particular proxy matter, the research analyst or portfolio manager must vote in the clients’ best interest as defined above. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential information. Therefore, research analysts and portfolio managers generally must not discuss proxy votes with any person outside of CMA and within CMA except on a need to know basis only.
Research analysts and portfolio managers must discharge their responsibilities consistent with the obligations set forth below (refer to Management of Conflicts of Interest – Additional Procedures). A research analyst or portfolio manager must disclose in writing any inappropriate attempt to influence their recommendation or any other personal interest that they have with the issuer (see Appendix B – Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form). For each Proxy Referral (defined below), the research analyst or portfolio manager is responsible for memorializing their recommendation on the Proxy Voting Recommendation Form (see Appendix C) and communicating their recommendation to the Proxy Group.
Research analysts and portfolio managers should seek advice from CRM or Legal with respect to any questions that they have regarding personal conflicts of interests, communications regarding proxies, or other related matters.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
For purposes of this policy, a material conflict of interest is a relationship or activity engaged in by CMA, a CMA affiliate1, or a CMA associate that creates an incentive (or appearance thereof) to favor the interests of CMA, the affiliate, or associate, rather than the clients’ interests. However, a material conflict of interest is not automatically created when there is a relationship or activity engaged in by a CMA affiliate, but there is a possibility that a CMA affiliate could cause a conflict. CMA may have a conflict of interest if either CMA has a significant business relationship with a company that is soliciting a proxy, or if a CMA associate involved in the proxy voting decision-making process has a significant personal or family relationship with the particular
1 | Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”), the ultimate corporate parent of CMA, Bank of America, N.A. and all of their numerous affiliates owns, operates and has interests in many lines of business that may create or give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest between BAC or its affiliates and those of CMA-advised clients. For example, the commercial and investment banking business lines may have interests with respect to issuers of voting securities that could appear to or even actually conflict with CMA’s duty, in the proxy voting process, to act in the best economic interest of its clients. |
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company. A conflict of interest is considered to be “material” to the extent that a reasonable person could expect the conflict to influence CMA’s decision on the particular vote at issue. In all cases where there is deemed to be a material conflict of interest, CMA will seek to resolve said conflict in the clients’ best interests.
For those proxy proposals that: (1) are not addressed by CMA’s proxy voting guidelines; (2) the guidelines specify the issue must be evaluated and determined on a case-by-case basis; or (3) a CMA investment associate believes that an exception to the guidelines may be in the best economic interest of CMA’s clients (collectively, “Proxy Referrals”), CMA may vote the proxy, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures set forth below.
In the case of Proxy Referrals, CRM identifies companies with which CMA has a significant business relationships and Proxy Referrals of such companies will be voted consistent with CMA’s conflicts management procedures described below. For Proxy Referrals that do not involve companies with which CMA has a significant business relationship the relevant CMA investment personnel (i.e. research analyst, portfolio manager, members of Proxy Committee) involved in the particular Proxy Referral must report any personal conflict of interest circumstances (e.g., relationships with nominees for directorship, members of an issuer’s or dissident’s management or otherwise, unusual communications with parties outside the investment organization concerning a proxy matter) to Columbia Management’s Conflicts of Interest Officer in writing (see Appendix B). In the event any member of the Proxy Committee has a conflict of interest regarding a given matter, he or she will similarly disclose the circumstance and abstain from participating in the Committee’s determination of whether and/or how to vote in the matter.
If the Proxy Committee, the Chairperson of the Proxy Committee, or the Conflicts Officer determines that a proxy matter presents a material conflict of interest, or a material conflict of interest is otherwise determined to exist through the application of this Policy, CMA will invoke one or more of the following conflict management procedures:
• | Causing the proxies to be voted in accordance with the recommendations of an independent third party (which generally will be CMA’s proxy voting agent); |
• | Causing the proxies to be delegated to a qualified, independent third party, which may include CMA’s proxy voting agent; or |
• | In unusual cases, with the Client’s consent and upon ample notice, forwarding the proxies to CMA’s clients so that they may vote the proxies directly. |
Affiliate Investment Companies and Public Companies
CMA considers (1) proxies solicited by open-end and closed-end investment companies for which CMA or an affiliate serves as an investment adviser or principal underwriter; and (2) proxies solicited by Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”) or other public companies within the BAC organization to present a material conflict of interest for CMA. Consequently, the proxies of such affiliates will be voted following one of the conflict management practices discussed above.
Management of Conflicts of Interest – Additional Procedures
In certain circumstances, CMA follows the proxy guidelines and uses other research services provided by the proxy vendor or another independent third party. CMA reviews its proxy vendor’s conflicts of interest procedures as part of its oversight of the proxy vendor’s services.
CMA and other BAC affiliates have adopted various other policies and procedures that help reinforce this Policy. Please see any associated documents.
Ownership Limits – Delegation of Proxy Voting to an Independent Third Party
From time to time, CMA may face regulatory or compliance limits on the types or amounts of voting securities that it may purchase or hold for client accounts. Among other limits, federal, state, foreign regulatory restrictions, or company-specific ownership limits may restrict the total percentage of an issuer’s voting securities that CMA can hold for clients (collectively, “Ownership Limits”).
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The regulations or company-specific documents governing a number of these Ownership Limits often focus upon holdings in voting securities. As a result, in limited circumstances in order to comply with such Ownership Limits and/or internal policies designed to comply with such limits, CMA may delegate proxy voting in certain issuers to a qualified, independent third party, who may be CMA’s proxy voting agent.
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
A. CMA’s Proxy Voting Guidelines – General Practices.
The Proxy Committee has adopted the guidelines for voting proxies specified in Appendix A of this policy. CMA uses an independent, third-party proxy vendor to implement its proxy voting process as CMA’s proxy voting agent. In general, whenever a vote is solicited, the proxy vendor will execute the vote according to CMA’s Voting Guidelines.
B. Ability to Vote Proxies Other than as Provided by Voting Guidelines.
A Portfolio Manager or other party involved with a client’s account may conclude that the best interest of the firm’s client, as defined above, requires that a proxy be voted in a manner that differs from the predetermined proxy Voting Guidelines. In this situation, he or she will request in writing that the Proxy Committee consider voting the proxy other than according to such Guidelines and provide information as the Proxy Committee may request. The Proxy Committee may consider the matter, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures discussed above.
C. Other Proxy Matters
For the following categories, proxies will be voted as stated below:
1. New Proposals. For certain new proposals that are expected to be proposed to shareholders of multiple companies, the Proxy Committee may develop a Voting Guideline which will be incorporated into this Policy.
2. Accounts Adhering to Taft Hartley Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to Taft Hartley principles will be voted according to the Taft Hartley Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor.
3. Accounts Adhering to Socially Responsible Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to socially responsible principles will be voted according to the Socially Responsible Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client.
4. Proxies of International Issuers. In general, CMA will refrain from voting securities in cases where international issuers impose share blocking restrictions. However, in the exceptional circumstances that CMA determines that it would be appropriate to vote such securities, all proposals for these securities will be voted only on the specific instruction of the Proxy Committee and to the extent practicable in accordance with the Voting Guidelines set forth in this Policy. Additionally, proxies will typically not be voted in markets where powers of attorney are required to be executed in order to vote shares.
5. Proxy Referrals for Passive Index Accounts. Proxy Referrals for a security that is held only within a passive index account managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and not in any other account within CMA, shall be voted according to the guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client. However, if a security is held within a passive index account managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and within another CMA-managed account (including without limitation an account actively managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group), all proposals, including Proxy Referrals, will be voted in accordance with the Voting Guidelines, subject to the other provisions of this Policy.
6. Proxy Voting for Securities on Loan. CMA generally votes in cases where shares have been loaned from actively managed Columbia Funds as long as the shares have been recalled in a timely manner. However, CMA generally does not vote shares that have been loaned from passively managed Columbia Index Funds. Other CMA clients may have their own stock loan programs and may or may not recall their shares for proxy voting.
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Supervision
Managers and supervisory personnel are responsible for ensuring that their associates understand and follow this policy and any applicable procedures adopted by the business group to implement the policy. The Proxy Committee has ultimate responsibility for the implementation of this Policy.
Escalation
With the exception of conflicts of interest-related matters, issues arising under this policy should be escalated to the Proxy Committee. Issues involving potential or actual conflicts of interest should be promptly communicated to the Columbia Management Conflicts Officer.
Monitoring/Oversight
CRM and/or Corporate Internal Audit Group perform periodic reviews and assessments of various lines of businesses, including a review of Columbia Management’s compliance with the Proxy Voting Policy.
Recordkeeping
CMA will create and maintain records of each investment company’s proxy record for 12-month periods ended June 30th. CMA will compile the following information for each matter relating to a portfolio security considered at any shareholder meeting during the period covered by the annual report and for which CMA was entitled to vote:
• | The name of the issuer of the security; |
• | The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security (if symbol is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures number for the portfolio security (if number is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The shareholder meeting date; |
• | A brief identification of the matter voted on; |
• | Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; |
• | Whether the company cast its vote on the matter; |
• | How the company cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding the election of directors); and |
• | Whether the company cast its vote for or against management. |
Business groups and support partners are responsible for maintaining all records necessary to evidence compliance with this policy. The records must be properly maintained and readily accessible in order to evidence compliance with this policy.
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These records include:
Document | Responsible Party | |
Proxy Committee Meeting Minutes and Related Materials | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Proxy Vote Recommendation Form and Supporting Materials of Investment Management Personnel Concerning Proxy Decisions and Recommendations (or any other document created by CMA that was material to making a voting decision or that memorializes the basis for the voting decision) | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Conflicts of Interest Review Documentation, including Conflicts of Interest Forms | Compliance Risk Management | |
Client Communications Regarding Proxy Matters | Client Service Group | |
Copy of Each Applicable Proxy Statement Unless it has been Filed with the SEC and may be Obtained from the SEC’s EDGAR System | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations |
Records should be retained for a period of not less than six years plus the current year. Records must be retained in an appropriate office of CM for the first three years.
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APPENDIX A – CMA’s Proxy Voting Policy
CMA’S VOTING GUIDELINES
A. The Proxy Committee has adopted the following guidelines for voting proxies:
1. Matters Relating to the Board of Directors/Corporate Governance
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals for the election of directors or for an increase or decrease in the number of directors, provided that no more than one-third of the Board of Directors would, presently or at any time during the previous three-year period, be from management. |
However, CMA generally will WITHHOLD votes from pertinent director nominees if:
(i) | the board as proposed to be constituted would have more than one-third of its members from management; |
(ii) | the board does not have audit, nominating, and compensation committees composed solely of directors who qualify as being regarded as “independent,” i.e. having no material relationship, directly or indirectly, with the Company, as CMA’s proxy voting agent may determine (subject to the Proxy Committee’s contrary determination of independence or non-independence); |
(iii) | the nominee, as a member of the audit committee, permitted the company to incur excessive non-audit fees (as defined below regarding other business matters — ratification of the appointment of auditors); |
(iv) | a director serves on more than six public company boards; |
(v) | the CEO serves on more than two public company boards other than the company’s board; or |
(vi) | CMA generally will vote AGAINST Director nominee of a company who is chief executive officer of another company on whose board the company’s chief executive officer sits (i.e. interlocking executives). |
One a CASE-BY-CASE basis, CMA may WITHHOLD votes for a director nominee who has failed to observe good corporate governance practices or, through specific corporate action or inaction (e.g. failing to implement policies for which a majority of shareholders has previously cast votes in favor; served voted for the adoption of a poison pill without approval of shareholders), has demonstrated a disregard for the interests of shareholders.
• | Proposals requesting that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committee be composed solely of independent directors. The Audit Committee must satisfy the independence and experience requirements established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the New York Stock Exchange, or appropriate local requirements for foreign securities. At least one member of the Audit Committee must qualify as a “financial expert” in accordance with SEC rules. |
• | Proposals to declassify a board, absent special circumstances that would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by a classified board structure. |
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to separate the role of Chairman of the Board and CEO. |
• | Proposals that grant or restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause. |
• | Proposals to permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that encourage directors to own a minimum amount of company stock. |
• | Proposals to provide or to restore shareholder appraisal rights. |
• | Proposals for the company to adopt confidential voting. |
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CMA will generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for majority voting thresholds for director elections unless the company has adopted formal corporate governance principles that present a meaningful alternative to the majority voting standard and/or provides an adequate response to both new nominees as well as incumbent nominees who fail to receive a majority of votes cast.
CMA will generally vote FOR 162(m) bonus plans unless the Proxy Administrator recommends voting against a specific plan, in which case CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to classify boards, absent special circumstances indicating that shareholder interests would be better served by a classified board structure. |
• | Proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board without shareholder approval. |
• | Proposals that provide directors may be removed only by supermajority vote. |
• | Proposals which allow more than one vote per share in the election of directors. |
• | Proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that mandate a minimum amount of company stock that directors must own. |
• | Proposals to limit the tenure of non-management directors. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | In contested elections of directors. Proposals to adopt or eliminate cumulative voting. |
• | CMA generally will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on board approved proposals relating to corporate governance. Such proposals include, but are not limited to: |
• | Reimbursement of proxy solicitation expenses taking into consideration whether or not CMA was in favor of the dissidents. |
• | Proxy contest advance notice. CMA generally will vote FOR proposals that allow shareholders to submit proposals as close to the meeting date as possible while allowing for sufficient time for Company response, SEC review, and analysis by other shareholders. |
• | CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis to indemnify directors and officers, and AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors. |
• | CMA will vote FOR the indemnification of internal auditors, unless the costs associated with the approval are not disclosed. |
2. Compensation
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | CMA generally will vote FOR management sponsored compensation plans (such as bonus plans, incentive plans, stock option plans, pension and retirement benefits, stock purchase plans or thrift plans) if they are consistent with industry and country standards. |
• | Proposals requiring that executive severance arrangements be submitted for shareholder ratification. |
• | Proposals asking a company to expense stock options. |
• | Proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote. |
• | Employee stock purchase plans that have the following features: (i) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value, (ii) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less, and (iii) dilution is 10% or less. |
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• | Shareholder proposals to adopt a non-binding advisory vote on Executive Compensation (“Say on Pay”). |
• | CMA recognizes that individual compensation committees are in the best position to determine the optimal design of share based plans. However, CMA generally prefers a greater use of restricted stock in place of stock options due to the greater uncertainty involved with the valuation of stock options at the time of issue. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price, or that permit replacing or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals to authorize the replacement or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals requesting that plan administrators have advance authority to amend the terms of a plan without detailed disclosure of the specific amendments. When sufficient details are provided on the amendments permitted by the advance authority, CMA will recommend on such proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
• | CMA generally is opposed to compensation plans that substantially dilute ownership interest in a company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have objectionable structural features. Specifically, for equity-based plans, if the proposed number of shares authorized for option programs (excluding authorized shares for expired options) exceeds 5% of the average number of shares outstanding for the last 3 years, or exceeds 1% of the average number of shares outstanding for the last 3 years (for directors only), CMA will vote on such proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. CMA requires that management provide substantial justification for the repricing of options. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | Proposals regarding approval of specific executive severance arrangements. |
• | -Management proposals regarding “Say on Pay” (i.e. non-binding advisory vote on pay). |
• | Proposals that involve awarding 50% or more of the equity shares of an equity-based compensation plan to the top five or fewer executives. |
3. Capitalization
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to increase the authorized shares for stock dividends, stock splits (and reverse stock splits) or general issuance, unless proposed as an anti-takeover measure or a general issuance proposal increases the authorization by more than 30% without a clear need presented by the company. Proposals for reverse stock splits should include an overall reduction in authorization. |
For companies recognizing preemptive rights for existing shareholders, CMA generally will vote FOR general issuance proposals that increase the authorized shares by more than 30%. CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis all such proposals by companies that do not recognize preemptive rights for existing shareholders.
• | Proposals for the elimination of authorized but unissued shares or retirement of those shares purchased for sinking fund or treasury stock. |
• | Proposals to institute/renew open market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms. |
• | Proposals to reduce or change the par value of common stock, provided the number of shares is also changed in order to keep the capital unchanged. |
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CMA will evaluate on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals regarding:
• | Management proposals that allow listed companies to de-list and terminate the registration of their common stock. CMA will determine whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by giving consideration to: |
• | Whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly traded. |
• | Cash-out value |
• | Balanced interests of continuing vs. cashed-out shareholders |
• | Market reaction to public announcement of transaction |
4. Mergers, Restructurings and Other Transactions
CMA will review, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, business transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations, liquidations, spinoffs, buyouts and sale of all or substantially all of a company’s assets.
5. Anti-Takeover Measures
CMA generally will vote AGAINST proposals intended largely to avoid acquisition prior to the occurrence of an actual event or to discourage acquisition by creating a cost constraint. With respect to the following measures, CMA generally will vote as follows:
Poison Pills
• | CMA votes FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification. |
• | CMA generally votes FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate a poison pill. |
• | CMA generally votes AGAINST management proposals to ratify a poison pill. |
Greenmail
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or to otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments. |
Supermajority vote
• | CMA will vote AGAINST board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures such as supermajority voting provisions, issuance of blank check preferred stock, the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights and charter amendments adopting control share acquisition provisions. |
Control Share Acquisition Provisions
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes. |
6. Other Business Matters
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Bylaw amendments giving holders of at least 25% of outstanding common stock the ability to call a special meeting of stockholders. |
• | Board governance document amendments or other proposals which give the lead independent director the authority to call special meetings of the independent directors at any time. |
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CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to approve routine business matters such as changing the company’s name and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting such as approving the minutes of a prior meeting. |
• | Proposals to ratify the appointment of auditors, unless any of the following apply in which case CMA will generally vote AGAINST the proposal: |
• | Credible reason exists to question: |
• | The auditor’s independence, as determined by applicable regulatory requirements. |
• | The accuracy or reliability of the auditor’s opinion as to the company’s financial position. |
• | Fees paid to the auditor or its affiliates for “non-audit” services exceeds 25% of the total fees paid for “audit,” “audit-related” and “tax compliance” and/or “tax return preparation” services, as disclosed in the company’s proxy materials. |
• | Bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (e.g., updates or corrections). |
• | Proposals to approve the annual reports and accounts provided the certifications required by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 have been provided. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent or call special meetings. |
• | Proposals providing management with authority to adjourn an annual or special shareholder meeting absent compelling reasons, or to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws without shareholder approval, or to vote unmarked proxies in favor of management. |
• | Shareholder proposals to change the date, time or location of the company’s annual meeting of shareholders. |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Authorization to transact other unidentified substantive (as opposed to procedural) business at a meeting. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | Proposals to change the location of the company’s state of incorporation. CMA considers whether financial benefits (e.g., reduced fees or taxes) likely to accrue to the company as a result of a reincorporation or other change of domicile outweigh any accompanying material diminution of shareholder rights. |
• | Proposals on whether and how to vote on “bundled” or otherwise conditioned proposals, depending on the overall economic effects upon shareholders. |
CMA generally will ABSTAIN from voting on shareholder proposals predominantly involving social, socio-economic, environmental, political or other similar matters on the basis that their impact on share value can rarely be anticipated with any high degree of confidence. CMA may, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, vote:
• | FOR proposals seeking inquiry and reporting with respect to, rather than cessation or affirmative implementation of, specific policies where the pertinent issue warrants separate communication to shareholders; and |
• | FOR or AGAINST the latter sort of proposal in light of the relative benefits and detriments (e.g. distraction, costs, other burdens) to share value which may be expected to flow from passage of the proposal. |
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7. Other Matters Relating to Foreign Issues
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Most stock (scrip) dividend proposals. CMA votes AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value. |
• | Proposals to capitalize the company’s reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase the par value of shares. |
• | Proposals to approve control and profit transfer agreements between a parent and its subsidiaries. |
• | Management proposals seeking the discharge of management and supervisory board members, unless there is concern about the past actions of the company’s auditors/directors and/or legal action is being taken against the board by other shareholders. |
• | Management proposals concerning allocation of income and the distribution of dividends, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
• | Proposals for the adoption of financing plans if they are in the best economic interests of shareholders. |
CMA will generally vote FOR proposals to approve Directors’ Fees, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
CMA will evaluate management proposals to approve protective preference shares for Netherlands located company-friendly foundations proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis and will only support resolutions if:
• | The supervisory board needs to approve an issuance of shares while the supervisory board is independent within the meaning of CMA’s categorization rules and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. |
• | No call/put option agreement exists between the company and the foundation. |
• | There is a qualifying offer clause or there are annual management and supervisory board elections. |
• | The issuance authority is for a maximum of 18 months. |
• | The board of the company-friendly foundation is independent. |
• | The company has disclosed under what circumstances it expects to make use of the possibility to issue preference shares. |
• | There are no priority shares or other egregious protective or entrenchment tools. |
• | The company releases its proxy circular, with details of the poison pill proposal, at least three weeks prior to the meeting. |
• | Art 2:359c Civil Code of the legislative proposal has been implemented. |
8. Investment Company Matters
Election of Directors:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the election of directors, considering the following factors:
• | Board structure |
• | Attendance at board and committee meetings. |
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CMA will WITHHOLD votes from directors who:
• | Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse for the absences. Valid reasons include illness or absence due to company business. Participation via telephone is acceptable. In addition, if the director missed only one meeting or one day’s meetings, votes should not be withheld even if such absence dropped the director’s attendance below 75 percent. |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of shares outstanding; |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal this is approved by a majority of the votes cast for two consecutive years; |
• | Are interested directors and sit on the audit or nominating committee; or |
• | Are interested directors and the full board serves as the audit or nominating committee or the company does not have one of these committees. |
Proxy Contests:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for proxy contests, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance relative to its peers |
• | Market in which fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the pertinent issues (e.g., closed-end fund share market value discount to NAV) |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity and votes on related proposals |
• | Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents |
• | Independence of incumbent directors; director nominees |
• | Experience and skills of director nominees |
• | Governance profile of the company |
• | Evidence of management entrenchment |
Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund:
CMA will vote conversion proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance as a closed-end fund |
• | Market in which the fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the discount |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals. |
Investment Advisory Agreements:
CMA will vote investment advisory agreements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Proposed and current fee schedules |
• | Fund category/investment objective |
• | Performance benchmarks |
• | Share price performance as compared with peers |
• | Resulting fees relative to peers |
• | Assignments (where the adviser undergoes a change of control) |
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Approving New Classes or Series of Shares:
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.
Preferred Stock Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the authorization for or increase in the preferred shares, considering the following factors:
• | Stated specific financing purpose |
• | Possible dilution for common shares |
• | Whether the shares can be used for anti-takeover purposes |
Policies Addressed by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”):
CMA will vote proposals regarding adoption or changes of policies addressed by the 1940 Act on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Regulatory developments |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Current and potential risk |
CMA generally will vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with current SEC interpretations.
Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Non-fundamental Restriction:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:
• | Fund’s target investments |
• | Reasons given by the fund for the change |
• | Projected impact of the change on the portfolio |
Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Non-fundamental:
CMA will vote AGAINST proposals to change a fund’s investment objective from fundamental to non-fundamental unless management acknowledges meaningful limitations upon its future requested ability to change the objective
Name Change Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s name, considering the following factors:
• | Political/economic changes in the target market |
• | Consolidation in the target market |
• | Current asset composition |
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Change in Fund’s Subclassification:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s subclassification, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Risk of concentration |
• | Consolidation in target industry |
Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis these proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Strategies employed to salvage the company |
• | Past performance of the fund |
• | Terms of the liquidation |
Changes to the Charter Document:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change the charter document, considering the following factors:
• | The degree of change implied by the proposal |
• | The efficiencies that could result |
• | The state of incorporation; net effect on shareholder rights |
• | Regulatory standards and implications |
CMA will vote FOR:
• | Proposals allowing the Board to impose, without shareholder approval, fees payable upon redemption of fund shares, provided imposition of such fees is likely to benefit long-term fund investors (e.g., by deterring market timing activity by other fund investors) |
• | Proposals enabling the Board to amend, without shareholder approval, the fund’s management agreement(s) with its investment adviser(s) or sub-advisers, provided the amendment is not required by applicable law (including the Investment Company Act of 1940) or interpretations thereunder to require such approval |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals enabling the Board to: |
• | Change, without shareholder approval the domicile of the fund |
• | Adopt, without shareholder approval, material amendments of the fund’s declaration of trust or other organizational document |
Changing the Domicile of a Fund:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reincorporate, considering the following factors:
• | Regulations of both states |
• | Required fundamental policies of both states |
• | The increased flexibility available |
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Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval:
CMA will vote FOR proposals to enable the Board or Investment Adviser to hire and terminate sub-advisers, without shareholder approval, in accordance with applicable rules or exemptive orders under the Investment Company Act of 1940
Distribution Agreements:
CMA will vote these proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives |
• | The proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance |
• | The competitiveness of the fund in the industry |
• | Terms of the agreement |
Master-Feeder Structure:
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.
Mergers:
CMA will vote merger proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Resulting fee structure |
• | Performance of both funds |
• | Continuity of management personnel |
• | Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights |
Shareholder Proposals to Establish Director Ownership Requirement:
CMA will generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While CMA favors stockownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.
Shareholder Proposals to Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses.
Shareholder Proposals to Terminate the Investment Adviser:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to terminate the investment adviser, considering the following factors:
• | Performance of the fund’s NAV |
• | The fund’s history of shareholder relations |
• | The performance of other funds under the adviser’s management |
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APPENDIX B
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form
Conflict Review Questionnaire for Proxy Voting Working Group Members and Other Individuals
Participating in the Proxy Voting Decision-Making Process.
Instructions: Please complete each of the questions. Please provide an explanation for any affirmative responses. Return the completed questionnaire to Columbia Management Conflicts of Interest Officer.
Issuer and Proxy Matter: |
1. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any management personnel of the issuer1? |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
2. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any person participating, supporting, opposing or otherwise connected with the particular proxy proposal (e.g., principals of the issuer; director nominees of issuer company; shareholder activists)? |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
3. | Have you discussed this particular proxy proposal with anyone outside of Columbia Management’s investment group2? |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
4. | Are you aware of any other potential personal conflicts of interest not described above? Please detail below. |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
___________________________________________________________________________________ |
Name: |
Signed: |
Date: |
1 | Personal investing in the issuer by you or a member of your immediate family does not require an affirmative response to this item. |
2 | Communications with issuer or solicitors in the regular course of business would not have to be disclosed on this form. |
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APPENDIX C
CMA Proxy Vote Recommendation/Proxy Committee Request Form
Name of Investment Associate: |
Company Name: |
Overview of Proxy Vote and Meeting Date: |
Proxy Agenda Item(s)
Description of Item: | ||
(The above information will be pre-populated by the Proxy Department.) |
Recommendation (FOR, AGAINST, ABSTAIN) including brief rationale: |
Please attach any supporting information other than analysis or reports provided by the Proxy Department.
Signed
By signing, I am certifying that I either have no conflicts of interest-related information to report or have sent a completed “Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form” to Compliance Risk Management (Conflicts Officer).
Send Completed Forms to:
GWIM Investment Operations – Proxy Department
or
In the case of Proxy Votes to be referred to the Proxy Committee, submit this form and materials to the Chair of the Proxy Committee
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APPENDIX C — SALES CHARGE WAIVERS
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
In addition to the eligible investors described in the prospectuses, the investors listed below can buy Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares, without paying a front-end sales charge:
• | Employees of Bank of America, its affiliates and subsidiaries. |
• | Employees or partners of Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC and Marsico Capital Management, LLC (or their successors). |
• | Individuals receiving a distribution from a Bank of America trust, fiduciary, custodial or other similar account may use the proceeds of that distribution to buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge, as long as the proceeds are invested in the funds within 90 days of the date of distribution. |
• | Any shareholder who owned shares of any fund of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000 (when all of the then outstanding shares of Columbia Acorn Trust were re-designated Class Z shares) and who since that time has remained a shareholder of any Fund, may buy Class A shares of any Fund without paying a front-end sales charge in those cases where a Columbia Fund Class Z share is not available. |
• | Galaxy Fund shareholders prior to December 1, 1995; and shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Prime A shares without paying a front-end sales charge and received Class A shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Prime A shares were originally bought. |
• | (For Class T shares only) Shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Retail A shares at net asset value and received Class T shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Retail A shares were originally bought; and Boston 1784 Fund shareholders on the date that those funds were reorganized into Galaxy Funds. |
Class I shares are only available to the Funds and are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class R, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are offered to certain institutional investors identified in the Fund’s prospectus. Class R, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Class W shares are offered to qualifying discretionary accounts. Class W shares are sold without a front-end sales charge.
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale from any Columbia Fund Class A, B, C or T shares within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds. In addition, shareholders of the money market fund series of BofA Funds Series Trust, which were formerly referred to as the Columbia Money Market Funds (the Former Columbia Money Market Funds), can also buy Class A shares of the Columbia Funds without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale of shares from a Former Columbia Money Market Fund within 90 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds, provided that the proceeds are from the sale of shares of a Former Columbia Money Market Fund purchased on or before April 30, 2010. To be eligible for these reinstatement privileges the purchase must be made into an account for the same owner, but does not need to be into the same Columbia Fund from which the shares were sold. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request within 90 days after the shares are sold and the purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order.
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Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. Unless you provide your financial advisor with information in writing about all of the factors that may count toward a waiver of the sales charge, there can be no assurance that you will receive all of the waivers for which you may be eligible. You should request that your financial advisor provide this information to the Fund when placing your purchase order. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible investors, please see the prospectuses.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class T Shares)
In addition to the redemptions eligible for CDSC waivers described in the prospectuses, shareholders won’t pay a CDSC in the following circumstances:
Disability: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales after the sole shareholder on an individual account or a joint tenant on a joint tenant account becomes disabled (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the Code). To be eligible for such a waiver: (i) the disability must arise after the account is opened and (ii) a letter from a physician must be signed under penalty of perjury stating the nature of the disability. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then shares are sold, the applicable CDSC will be charged.*
Health savings accounts: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Bank of America affiliates.*
Medical payments: For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on (i) shares sold for medical payments that exceed 7.5% of income and (ii) distributions made to pay for insurance by an individual who has separated from employment and who has received unemployment compensation under a federal or state program for at least twelve weeks.*
Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): For shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring pursuant to a SWP established with the Transfer Agent, to the extent that the sales do not exceed, on an annual basis, 12% of the account’s value as long as distributions are reinvested. Otherwise, a CDSC will be charged on SWP sales until this requirement is met.
Qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares (except for Class B shares) sold by certain group retirement plans held in omnibus accounts. However, CDSC may not be waived for Class C shares if the waiver would occur as a result of a plan-level termination.
Redemptions under certain retirement plans and accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with distributions from qualified retirement plans, government (Section 457) plans, individual retirement accounts or custodial accounts under Section 403(b)(7) of the Code, following normal retirement or the attainment of age 59 1/2 for shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010.**
Loans from qualified retirement plans: For Class B shares, and for Class A and Class C shares purchased prior to September 7, 2010, CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with loans from qualified retirement plans to shareholders.*
* | Fund investors and selling and/or servicing agents must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
** | For direct trades on non-prototype retirement accounts where the date of birth of the Fund shareholder is not maintained, the shareholder or selling and/or servicing agent must inform the Fund or the Transfer Agent in writing that the Fund investor qualifies for the particular sales charge waiver and provide proof thereof. |
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Class I shares, Class R shares, Class R4 shares, Class R5 shares and Class W shares are sold without a CDSC.
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Distributor may, in its sole discretion, authorize the waiver of the CDSC for additional classes of investors. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. For more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here, as well as additional categories of eligible redemptions, please see the prospectuses.
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APPENDIX D — DESCRIPTION OF STATE RISK FACTORS
State Tax Exempt Funds
The state tax-exempt Funds invest primarily in municipal securities issued by a single state and political sub-divisions of that state. Each Fund will be particularly affected by political and economic conditions and developments in the state in which it invests. This vulnerability to factors affecting the state’s tax-exempt investments will be significantly greater than that of more geographically diversified funds, and may result in greater losses and volatility. Because of the relatively small number of issuers of tax-exempt securities, the Fund may invest a higher percentage of assets in a single issuer and, therefore, be more exposed to the risk of loss than a fund that invests more broadly. At times, the Fund and other accounts managed by the Adviser may own all or most of the debt of a particular issuer. This concentration of ownership may make it more difficult to sell, or to determine the fair value of, these investments. In addition, a Fund may focus on a segment of the tax-exempt debt market, such as revenue bonds for health care facilities, housing or airports. These investments may cause the value of a Fund’s shares to change more than the values of shares of funds that invest more diversely. The yields on the securities in which the Funds invest generally are dependent on a variety of factors, including the financial condition of the issuer or other obligor, the revenue source from which the debt service is payable, general economic and monetary conditions, conditions in the relevant market, the size of a particular issue, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. In addition to such factors, geographically concentrated securities will experience particular sensitivity to local conditions, including political and economic changes, adverse conditions to an industry significant to the area, and other developments within a particular locality. Because many tax-exempt bonds may be revenue or general obligations of local governments or authorities, ratings on tax-exempt bonds may be different from the ratings given to the general obligation bonds of a particular state.
Certain events may adversely affect all investments within a particular market segment of the market. Examples include litigation, legislation or court decisions, concerns about pending or contemplated litigation, legislation or court decisions, or lower demand for the services or products provided by a particular market segment. Investing mostly in state-specific, tax-exempt investments makes the Funds more vulnerable to the relevant state’s economy and to factors affecting tax-exempt issuers in the state than would be true for more geographically diversified funds. These risks include, among others:
• | the inability or perceived inability of a government authority to collect sufficient tax or other revenues to meet its payment obligations; |
• | natural disasters and ecological or environmental concerns; |
• | the introduction of constitutional or statutory limits on a tax-exempt issuer’s ability to raise revenues or increase taxes; |
• | the inability of an issuer to pay interest on or to repay principal or securities in which the funds invest during recessionary periods; and |
• | economic or demographic factors that may cause a decrease in tax or other revenues for a government authority or for private operators of publicly financed facilities. |
More information about state specific risks may be available from official state resources.
State Specific Information
Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund’s investments are highly dependent on and sensitive to the general fiscal and economic stability of the State of Connecticut (“Connecticut” or the “State”), as well as the general fiscal and economic stability of Connecticut’s subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, which issue the securities in which the Fund invests. The following information supplements information set forth in Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund’s prospectus, constitutes only a brief summary and does not purport to be a complete description of certain state-specific considerations and is provided to investors in view of Connecticut
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Tax-Exempt Fund’s policy of concentrating its investments in securities issued by issuers of a single state. The information is based on publicly available sources and has not been independently verified by the Adviser. It is expected that the information will be updated only on an annual basis and thus may be out of date at any time that you make an investment decision to purchase or sell shares of Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund.
To the extent that any statements made below involve matters of forecasts, projections, assumptions, opinions or estimates, whether or not expressly stated to be such, they are made as such and not as representations of fact or certainty, and no representation is made that any of these statements has been or will be realized. All forecasts, projections, assumptions, opinions or estimates are “forward looking statements” that must be read with an abundance of caution and that may not be realized or may not occur in the future.
Connecticut
The following information relates specifically to Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund. This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts for the Fund. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, this information has been obtained from official statements, prospectuses and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of Connecticut and local agencies in Connecticut available as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. The Fund assumes that all such material was prepared and published in a manner consistent with current standards of disclosure. Further, estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
The Fund is more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of Connecticut municipal securities than comparable municipal bond funds that do not focus on investments in Connecticut issuers.
Introduction. The State, together with the nation as a whole, is facing economic and fiscal challenges brought on by the current recession. These challenges for the State include fiscal year deficits and falling employment, among other issues. The State Office of Policy and Management monitors such matters and generally issues a report periodically estimating the current fiscal year deficit. The State Comptroller issues a similar report periodically. From time to time the legislature’s Office of Fiscal Analysis also issues reports covering these matters. The most current such information is described below under “State General Fund,” which should be considered together with the other information set forth herein.
The State’s current and projected fiscal and economic condition, as described herein, is subject to change based on a number of factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to: (a) developments with respect to the national economy as a whole, (b) developments with respect to the financial services sector of the economy, (c) developments in the world economy, and in particular commodity prices such as oil, (d) federal fiscal and economic policies, including fiscal stimulus efforts in general and the effect of such stimulus efforts in the State and the amount of federal aid to the State, (e) the extent to which the federal stimulus legislation, and in particular The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “ARRA”), as enacted and implemented, provides less federal aid to the State than was anticipated in the adopted biennial budget, and the resulting need to implement other revenue enhancements or expenditure reductions, and (f) the effect of the State’s constitutional balanced budget requirement and spending cap provisions on the adoption of the biennial budget and the effect spending constraints might have on the State’s economy. Such factors are continually changing, and no assurances can be given with respect to how such factors or other factors will materialize in the future or what effect they will have on the State’s fiscal and economic condition.
Connecticut’s economic performance is measured by personal income, which has been among the highest in the nation, and gross state product (the market value of all final goods and services produced by labor and
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property located within the State), which demonstrated slower growth in the early 2000s, but expanded at a healthy pace in 2004, surpassing the New England and national growth rates. Since then, Connecticut’s annual growth in gross state product has performed better than the New England region, but mostly slower than the nation. Employment had gained approximately 66,800 jobs by late 2007 since it bottomed out in July of 2003, but in 2008 Connecticut lost jobs.
After enjoying an extraordinary boom during the late 1990s, Connecticut, as well as the rest of the northeast and the nation, experienced an economic slowdown during the recession of the early 2000s. The unemployment rate in the State reached its low of 2.3% in 2000, compared to New England’s average of 2.8% and the national average of 4.0%. After climbing to a high of 5.5% in 2003, Connecticut’s unemployment rate declined to 4.4% for 2006. The current recession brought the unemployment rate up to 5.1% for the first six months of 2008, compared to the New England average of 4.8% and the national average of 5.1% for the same period.
General Fund. The State finances most of its operations through its General Fund. However, certain State functions, such as the State’s transportation budget, are financed through other State funds. General Fund revenues are derived primarily from the collection of State taxes, including the personal income tax, the sales and use tax and the corporation business tax. Miscellaneous fees, receipts, transfers and unrestricted federal grants account for most of the other General Fund revenue. The State, as of the forecast date, expected to derive approximately 76 percent and 72 percent, respectively, of its General Fund revenues from taxes during the 2007-08 fiscal year and the 2008-09 fiscal year.
Budget for Fiscal Years 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. Although the General Assembly did not pass the biennial budget for fiscal years 2007-08 and 2008-09 prior to its adjournment date of June 6, 2007, in a subsequent special session, the General Assembly passed, and the Governor signed into law on June 26, 2007, the biennial budget for fiscal years 2007-08 and 2008-09. The budget for fiscal year 2007-08 included General Fund revenues of $16,315.6 million and net appropriations of $16,314.9 million, resulting in a projected surplus of $0.7 million The budget for fiscal year 2008-09 included General Fund revenues of $17,073.1 million and net appropriations of $17,072.3 million, resulting in a projected surplus of $0.8 million. Pursuant to Public Act No. 07-1 of the September Special Session of the General Assembly, the General Assembly made an additional appropriation of $0.7 million for clean contracting standards, thereby reducing the projected General Fund surplus for the 2008-09 fiscal year to $0.1 million.
The General Assembly also included in the biennial budget (i) the appropriation of $613.7 million of the anticipated fiscal year 2006-07 General Fund surplus funds to pay for various spending items, including $300 million to fund a portion of the State’s contribution to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund and $85 million for debt retirement, (ii) a reduction of lapses in the amount of $96.6 million and (iii) a transfer of $80 million of the anticipated fiscal year 2006-07 General Fund surplus to the budget for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, resulting in a net reduction in the anticipated 2006-07 surplus of $790.3 million. According to estimates of the Office of Fiscal Analysis, approximately $471.9 million of the appropriations were for one-time purposes and approximately $318.4 million of the appropriations were for on-going purposes.
The budget was $690.4 million above the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2007-08 and $28.2 million below the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2008-09. In accordance with the provisions of Article XXVIII of the Amendments to the Constitution, the Governor issued a declaration to exceed the State’s expenditure cap in fiscal year 2007-08. This declaration was ratified by a three-fifths vote of each house of the General Assembly.
Fiscal Year 2007-2008 Operations. Pursuant to the Comptroller’s financial statements provided on December 31, 2008, as of June 30, 2008, General Fund revenues were $16,418.8 million, General Fund expenditures and net miscellaneous adjustments were $16,319.4 million and the General Fund balance for the 2007-08 fiscal year was a surplus of $99.4 million The entire surplus was reserved for fiscal year 2008-09 spending.
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Governor’s Proposed Midterm Budget Adjustments. Per Section 4-71 of the Connecticut General Statutes, the Governor is required to submit a status report to the General Assembly on the biennial budget enacted in the previous year. The status report must include any recommendations for adjustments and revisions to the enacted budget.
On February 6, 2008 the Governor submitted to the General Assembly a status report including detailed projections of expenditures and revenues and proposed Midterm Budget Adjustments for the 2007-08 and 2008-09 fiscal years. The General Assembly convened on February 6, 2008 to consider the Governor’s proposed Midterm Budget Adjustments and adjourned on May 7, 2008. The legislature did not make any midterm budget adjustments for the 2008-09 fiscal year in the legislative session which ended May 7, 2008. However, in subsequent special sessions, $79 million was appropriated for energy relief programs in fiscal year 2008-09 and the 2007-08 surplus of $83.4 million, plus the transfer of $16 million pursuant to Section 91 of Public Act No. 07-1 of the June Special Session, was transferred for use in fiscal year 2008-09. In addition, the scheduled increase on July 1, 2008 in the oil companies tax from 7.0% to 7.5% was eliminated.
Fiscal Year 2008-2009 Operations. Pursuant to Section 4-66 of the Connecticut General Statutes, the Office of Policy and Management provides estimates to the Comptroller by the twentieth day of each month of revenues and expenditures for the current fiscal year for use by the Comptroller in preparing the Comptroller’s monthly report. In the monthly estimates provided by the Office of Policy and Management on August 20, 2008 (as of the period ending July 31, 2008), September 22, 2008 (as of the period ending August 31, 2008), October 20, 2008 (as of the period ending September 30, 2008), November 20, 2008 (as of the period ending October 31, 2008) and December 20, 2008 (as of the period ending November 30, 2008), each for the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year, the General Fund was estimated to have a deficit of $145.7 million, $302.4 million, $107.9 million, $356.3 million and $193.0 million, respectively. In the monthly estimate provided by the Office of Policy and Management on January 20, 2009 for the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year, as of the period ending December 31, 2008, General Fund revenues were estimated at $16,098.0 million, General Fund expenditures and miscellaneous adjustments were estimated at $17,019.7 million and the General Fund was estimated to have a deficit of $921.7 million These revenue estimates include an estimated $40 million from tax amnesty program and $12 million from the escheat of unclaimed bottler deposits and transfers totaling $71.2 million from various funds to the General Fund per Public Act No. 08-1 of the November 24, Special Session and Public Act No. 09-1. The expenditure estimates included three allotment rescissions in 2008 totaling $157 million and two mitigation plans totaling $69.8 million per Public Act No. 08-1 of the November 24, 2008 Special Session and Public Act No. 09-1. The revenue estimates as of December 31, 2008 did not take into account any economic effect as a result of the changes in the financial and credit markets occurring after December 31, 2008 or during the remainder of the fiscal year. No assurances can be given that future report estimates will match the Office of Policy and Management’s prior estimates.
By statute, the State’s fiscal position is reported monthly by the Comptroller. In her monthly reports dated September 2, 2008, October 1, 2008 and November 3, 2008, the Comptroller generally agreed with the Office of Policy and Management’s projections as of the periods ending July 31, 2008, August 31, 2008 and September 30, 2008, respectively. In her monthly report dated December 1, 2008, the Comptroller’s estimate of the General Fund deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year was $50 million higher than the Office of Policy and Management’s projection for the same period. In her monthly report dated January 2, 2009, the Comptroller’s estimate of the General Fund deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year was $150 million higher than the Office of Policy and Management’s projections for the same period. In her monthly report dated February 2, 2009 for the period ending December 31, 2008, the Comptroller’s estimate of the General Fund deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year was $1.1 billion, which amount was $172.9 million higher than the estimate of the Office of Policy and Management.
Pursuant to Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes, whenever the cumulative monthly financial statement issued by the Comptroller indicates a projected General Fund deficit greater than one percent of the total General Fund appropriations, the Governor is required within thirty days to file a report with the joint
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standing committees of the General Assembly on appropriations and on finance, revenue and bonding. The report must include a plan which the Governor must implement to modify agency allotments to the extent necessary to prevent a deficit. Should such plan result in a reduction of more than five percent of total appropriations, approval of the General Assembly would be required. Since July 2008, the Governor has exercised her authority under Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes in rescinding allotments totaling $157 million in General Fund expenditures. In addition, the Governor has proposed two deficit mitigation packages to address the then projected deficits that exceeded her allotment rescission authority. Public Act No. 08-1 of the November 24, 2008 Special Session and Public Act No. 09-1 were enacted by the General Assembly and resulted in an estimated $193.6 million in deficit mitigation. Even with these changes, on January 20, 2009, the Office of Policy and Management projected a $921.7 million deficit in the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year.
The above projections are only estimates and the information in the monthly letters of the Office of Policy and Management to the Comptroller and in the Comptroller’s monthly reports contain only estimates and no assurances can be given that future events will materialize as estimated or that subsequent estimates, adjustments or audit or actions of the General Assembly will not indicate changes in the final result of the fiscal year 2008-09 operations of the General Fund.
Pursuant to the Comptroller’s unaudited preliminary financial results dated September 1, 2009, the Comptroller estimated the General Fund revenues for the 2008-09 fiscal year were $15,700.8 million, General Fund expenditures and miscellaneous adjustments were $16,626.7 million and the General Fund balance for the 2008-09 fiscal year was estimated to have a deficit of $925.9 million. The Comptroller indicated in her letter that under House Bill No. 6802, the General Assembly approved additional carry forward authority which is accounted for as part of the 2008-09 fiscal year deficit and therefore increases the deficit. Accordingly, the 2008-09 fiscal year deficit would increase to $947.6 million upon the act becoming law. House Bill No. 6802 became law after the date of the Comptroller’s September 1, 2009 results. Pursuant to Public Act No. 09-2 of the June Special Session, for the purpose of funding the deficit in the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year, the Treasurer is authorized to issue notes of the State in an amount not to exceed the amount of such deficit and in such additional amounts as the Treasurer shall determine to pay the costs of issuance of any such notes and interest payable or accrued on such notes through June 30, 2011.
The above projections are only estimates and the information in the Comptroller’s report contains only estimates and no assurances can be given that future events will materialize as estimated or that subsequent estimates, adjustments or audit or actions of the General Assembly will not indicate changes in the final result of the fiscal year 2008-09 operations of the General Fund.
Budget for Fiscal Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. On June 3, 2009, the General Assembly adjourned its regular 2009 session without adopting a fiscal 2009-2011 biennial budget. Prior to adjournment, the General Assembly passed resolutions calling for a special session to take up matters related to adoption of a budget. The special session was immediately convened at the conclusion of the regular session. During the special session, the General Assembly passed a General Fund budget for the 2009-10 and 2010-11 fiscal years which was subsequently vetoed by the Governor.
The State continued to run its operations pursuant to executive orders issued by the Governor. Authorization to pay debt service on the State’s general obligation bonds remained unaffected. The executive orders directed all department heads and executive branch employees to limit purchases of goods and services and directed all department heads to utilize personnel and other resources in an effective and efficient manner, giving priority to programs that provide direct care services, administer justice and protect the public health and safety. The executive orders covered the months of July, August and the portion of September until the approval of an appropriation act for the fiscal year commencing July 1, 2009.
In a special session, the General Assembly passed the biennial budget for fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11 which subsequently became law on September 8, 2009. The enacted budget, Public Act No. 09-3 of June 2009
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Special Session, for fiscal year 2009-10 included General Fund revenues of $17,375.4 million and net appropriations of $17,374.6 million, resulting in a projected surplus of $0.8 million. The budget for fiscal year 2010-11 included General Fund revenues of $17,591.9 million and net appropriations of $17,591.0 million, resulting in a projected surplus of $0.9 million.
The enacted biennial budget raises net revenues from three major resources: 1) grants from the ARRA, 2) transfers from other State funds to the State’s General Fund and securitizations, and 3) net increases in taxes and miscellaneous fees. Federal grants from the ARRA for human services, education, and other economic related stimulus programs total $878.9 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $594.8 million in fiscal year 2010-11. Major revenues from transfers of other State funds to the State’s General Fund and securitizations include (i) transferring Budget Reserve Funds of $1,039.7 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $342.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11, and (ii) securitizing $1,290.7 million in fiscal year 2010-11 as amended by Public Act No. 09-7 of the September 2009 Special Session. The significant tax changes include: (i) an increase in the highest income tax rate to 6.5% from 5% for those with taxable incomes over $1 million for joint filers, $800,000 for heads of households, and $500,000 for single filers and married people filing separately, raising approximately $594.0 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $400.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11; (ii) an imposition of a 10% corporation tax surcharge for the 2009, 2010, and 2011 income years on companies that have (1) $100 million or more in annual gross income in those years and (2) tax liability that exceeds the $250 minimum, raising approximately $74.1 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $41.1 million in fiscal year 2010-11; (iii) an increase in the cigarette tax rate from $2.00 per pack to $3.00 per pack, raising approximately $94.9 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $112.4 million in fiscal year 2010-11; (iv) changes in various fees, raising approximately a net total of $108.5 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $105.9 million in fiscal year 2010-11, and (v) cuts in taxes, including (1) a reduction in the sales and use tax rate to 5.5% from 6%, and (2) a reduction in the estate and gift tax. The reduction of the sales and use tax rate effective January 1, 2010 is expected to result in a revenue loss of approximately $129.5 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $268.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11. However, if any cumulative monthly financial statement issued by the Comptroller before January 1, 2010 indicated that the estimated gross tax revenue to the General Fund to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010 was at least 1% less than the adopted gross tax revenue to the General Fund for fiscal year 2009-10, the tax rate will remain at 6%. If any cumulative monthly financial statement issued after January 1, 2010, and on or before June 30, 2010, indicates that the estimated gross tax revenue to the General Fund to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010 is at least 1% less than the adopted gross tax revenue to the General Fund, the tax rate will remain at 6%. On the estate and gift taxes, the enacted law will (i) increase the threshold for the value of an estate or gift subject to the estate and gift taxes from $2 million to $3.5 million; (ii) reduce the marginal tax rates by 25%; and (iii) eliminate the tax cliff. These three measures were estimated to reduce revenues by approximately $5.9 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $70.3 million in fiscal year 2010-11.
The significant changes in appropriations are from State employee personal services reductions, entitlement programs savings, and education grants reductions. Personal services reductions from concessions with a coalition of employee collective bargaining units including wage freezes and a Retirement Incentive Plan are expected to save approximately $191.0 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $193.7 million in fiscal year 2010-11. Savings from entitlement programs include (i) eliminating nursing home rate increases in reimbursement levels under Medicaid, saving approximately $113.2 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $162.2 million in fiscal year 2010-11, (ii) reducing managed care organization capitation rates by 6% under both HUSKY A and HUSKY B, saving approximately $50.1 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $51.8 million in fiscal year 2010-11, and (iii) managing services for aged, blind and disabled individuals who are currently receiving care under the Medicaid fee-for-service program, saving approximately $27.8 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $80.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11. Education reductions include cuts of grants to (i) the Excess Cost program that reimburses funds to towns, saving approximately $13.4 million each for both fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11, (ii) the Priority School District program that assists the neediest communities and funds the School Readiness program, reducing $6.9 million each for both fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11, and (iii) the Reading Success program designed to improve kindergarten through grade three reading, saving the State $2.4 million each for both fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11.
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In addition, the budget for fiscal year 2010-11 requires the Treasurer and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to jointly develop a financing plan that will result in net proceeds of up to $1,290.7 million to be used as general revenues of the State during such fiscal year, which may include securitizations as discussed above. The budget also requires the Treasurer and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to jointly develop a plan to sell assets of the State that will result in net proceeds of up to $15 million to be used as general revenues of the State during the 2009-10 fiscal year and $45 million to be used as general revenues of the State during the 2010-11 fiscal year. In addition, the budget for fiscal year 2009-10 requires a reduction of $473.3 million in expenses from budgeted amounts. The budget for fiscal year 2010-11 requires a reduction of $515.2 million of expenses from budgeted amounts.
The budget was $852.4 million below the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2009-10 and $587.0 million below the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2010-11.
Fiscal Year 2009-2010 Operations. Pursuant to Section 4-66 of the Connecticut General Statutes, the Office of Policy and Management provides estimates to the Comptroller by the twentieth day of each month of revenues and expenditures for the current fiscal year for use by the Comptroller in preparing the Comptroller’s monthly report. In the monthly estimates provided by the Office of Policy and Management on October 20, 2009 for the General Fund for the 2009-10 fiscal year, as of the period ending September 30, 2009, General Fund revenues were estimated at $17,203.3 million, General Fund expenditures and miscellaneous adjustments were estimated at $17,591.8 million and the General Fund was estimated to have a deficit of $388.5 million. No assurances can be given that future report estimates will match the Office of Policy and Management’s prior estimates.
By statute, the State’s fiscal position is reported monthly by the Comptroller. In her monthly report dated October 1, 2009 for the period ending August 31, 2009, the Comptroller indicated that although many of the revenue enhancements associated with the budget had not yet appeared within the revenue collection figures, the first quarter revenue trends raised concerns. She indicated that if the first quarter trends continued unabated, even after fully incorporating the projected revenue gains enacted as part of the budget, the revenue shortfall in the General Fund for the 2009-10 fiscal year would exceed $500 million. She further indicated that because it was early in the fiscal year, there was sufficient time for a reversal in the trend to mitigate the shortfall. The Comptroller did not address any increased expenditures, which the Office of Policy and Management projected to be an additional $212.5 million in its October 20, 2009 report. In the Comptroller’s monthly report dated November 1, 2009, the Comptroller estimated a General Fund deficit for the 2009-10 fiscal year of $624 million as of the period ending September 30, 2009. No assurances can be given that future report estimates will match the Office of Policy and Management’s estimates or the Comptroller’s prior estimates.
The Governor may generally reduce budget allotment requests within certain prescribed limits and has done so for the current fiscal year. Additionally, as described above, pursuant to Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes, whenever the cumulative monthly financial statement issued by the Comptroller indicates a projected General Fund deficit greater than one percent of the total General Fund appropriations, the Governor is required within thirty days to file a report with the joint standing committees of the General Assembly on appropriations and on finance, revenue and bonding. The report must include a plan which the Governor must implement to modify agency allotments to the extent necessary to prevent a deficit. The Governor is required to file such report as a result of the deficit projection included in the Comptroller’s November 1, 2009 report.
The above projections are only estimates and the information in the monthly letters of the Office of Policy and Management to the Comptroller and in the Comptroller’s monthly reports contain only estimates and no assurances can be given that future events will materialize as estimated or that subsequent estimates, adjustments or audit or actions of the General Assembly will not indicate changes in the final result of the fiscal year 2009-10 operations of the General Fund.
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STATE DEBT
Types of State Debt. Pursuant to various public and special acts the State has authorized a variety of types of debt. These types fall generally into the following categories: direct general obligation debt, which is payable from the State’s General Fund; special tax obligation debt, which is payable from specified taxes and other funds which are maintained outside the State’s General Fund; and special obligation and revenue debt, which is payable from specified revenues or other funds which are maintained outside the State’s General Fund. In addition, the State has a number of programs under which the State provides annual appropriation support for, or is contingently liable on, the debt of certain State quasi-public agencies and political subdivisions.
State Direct General Obligation Debt. Statutory Authorization and Security Provisions. In general, the State issues general obligation bonds pursuant to specific statutory bond acts and Section 3-20 of the General Statutes, the State general obligation bond procedure act. That act provides that such bonds shall be general obligations of the State and that the full faith and credit of the State of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on such bonds as the same become due. Such act further provides that, as a part of the contract of the State with the owners of such bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for the punctual payment of such principal and interest will be made, and the Treasurer will pay such principal and interest as the same become due.
There are no State constitutional provisions precluding the exercise of State power by statute to impose any taxes, including taxes on taxable property in the State or on income, in order to pay debt service on bonded debt now or hereafter incurred. The constitutional limit on increases in General Fund expenditures for any fiscal year does not include expenditures for the payment of bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness. There are also no constitutional or statutory provisions requiring or precluding the enactment of liens on or pledges of State General Fund revenues or taxes, or the establishment of priorities for payment of debt service on the State’s general obligation bonds. There are no express statutory provisions establishing any priorities in favor of general obligation bondholders over other valid claims against the State.
Statutory Debt Limit. Section 3-21 of the General Statutes provides that no bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness for borrowed money payable from General Fund tax receipts of the State may be authorized by the General Assembly or issued unless they do not cause the aggregate amount of (1) the total amount of bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness payable from General Fund tax receipts authorized by the General Assembly but which have not been issued and (2) the total amount of such indebtedness which has been issued and remains outstanding, to exceed 1.6 times the total estimated General Fund tax receipts of the State for the fiscal year in which any such authorization will become effective or in which such indebtedness is issued, as estimated for such fiscal year by the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of finance, revenue and bonding. However, in computing the aggregate amount of indebtedness at any time, revenue anticipation notes having a maturity of one year or less, refunded indebtedness, bond anticipation notes, borrowings payable solely from the revenues of a particular project, the balances of debt retirement funds associated with indebtedness subject to the debt limit as certified by the Treasurer, the amount of federal grants certified by the Secretary of OPM as receivable to meet the principal of certain indebtedness, all authorized and issued indebtedness to fund any budget deficits of the State for any fiscal year ending on or before June 30, 1991 and for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2002 and June 30, 2003, all authorized debt to fund the Connecticut Development Authority’s tax increment bond program, any indebtedness represented by agreements entered into pursuant to certain provisions of the General Statutes, provided the indebtedness in connection with which such agreements were entered into shall be included in such aggregate amount of indebtedness, any indebtedness issued for the purpose of meeting cash flow needs, and any indebtedness issued for the purpose of covering emergency needs in times of natural disaster are excluded or deducted. For purposes of the debt limit statute, all bonds and notes issued or guaranteed by the State and payable from General Fund tax receipts are counted against the limit, except for the exclusions or deductions described above. In addition, the amount of authorized but unissued debt for the UConn 2000 program is limited to the amount permitted to be issued under the cap.
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Under the General Statutes, the Treasurer is required to compute the aggregate amount of indebtedness as of January 1 and July 1 each year and to certify the results of such computation to the Governor and the General Assembly. If the aggregate amount of indebtedness reaches 90% of the statutory debt limit, the Governor must review each bond act for which no bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness have been issued, and recommend to the General Assembly priorities for repealing authorizations for remaining projects.
Certain Short-Term Borrowings. The General Statutes authorize the Treasurer, subject to the approval of the Governor, to borrow such funds, from time to time, as may be necessary, and to issue obligations of the State therefor, which must be redeemed by the Treasurer whenever, in the opinion of the Treasurer, there are funds in the treasury available for such purpose. The State has established programs of temporary note issuances from time to time to cover periodic cash flow requirements. On June 18, 2009, pursuant to the Treasurer’s request and the Governor’s approval to borrow funds on a temporary basis from time to time on behalf of the State, the Treasurer arranged with a group of banks a 364-day revolving credit facility in the amount of $580 million.
OTHER FUNDS, DEBT AND LIABILITIES
The State conducts certain of its operations through State funds other than the State General Fund and, pursuant to legislation, may issue debt secured by the special taxes or revenues pledged to certain of such funds. In addition, the State is contingently liable or has limited liability, from the resources of the State’s General Fund, for payment of debt service on certain obligations of quasi-public State agencies and municipalities of the State. The State has also made commitments to municipalities to make future grant payments for school construction projects, payable over a period of years. In addition, the State has committed to apply moneys for debt service on loans to finance child care facilities and has certain other contingent liabilities for future payments.
Transportation Fund and Debt. In 1984 the State adopted legislation establishing a transportation infrastructure program and authorizing special tax obligation (“STO”) bonds to finance the program. The infrastructure program is a continuous program for planning, construction and improvement of State highways and bridges, projects on the interstate highway system, alternate highway projects in the interstate highway substitution program, waterway facilities, mass transportation and transit facilities, aeronautic facilities (excluding Bradley International Airport), the highway safety program, maintenance garages and administrative facilities of the Department of Transportation, payment of the State’s share of the costs of the local bridge program established under the act, and payment of State contributions to the local bridge revolving fund established under the act. The infrastructure program is administered by the Department of Transportation.
The cost of the infrastructure program for State fiscal years 1985-2012, which will be met from federal, State and local funds, is currently estimated at $23.5 billion. The State’s share of such cost, estimated at $9.5 billion, is to be funded from transportation related taxes, fees and revenues deposited in the Special Transportation Fund, as described below, and from the proceeds of STO bonds. The portion of State program costs not financed by STO bonds is estimated at $0.6 billion and includes the expenses of the infrastructure program that either are not sufficiently large or do not have a sufficiently long life expectancy to justify the issuance of long-term bonds. Such expenses currently include liquid resurfacing, minor bridge repairs, highway maintenance activities, safety improvements and other minor transportation improvements.
The State’s share of the cost of the Infrastructure Program for State fiscal years 1985-2012 to be financed by STO bonds currently is estimated at $8.9 billion. The actual amount may exceed $8.9 billion to finance reserves and cost of issuance amounts. The issuance of such STO bonds has eliminated the need for the authorization of additional general obligation bonds of the State for surface transportation purposes. STO bonds may also be issued for the purpose of refunding general obligation bonds of the State issued for transportation infrastructure purposes.
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During fiscal years 1985-2007, $18.3 billion of the total infrastructure program was approved by the appropriate governmental authorities. The remaining $5.2 billion is required for fiscal years 2008-2012. The $5.2 billion of such infrastructure costs is anticipated to be funded with proceeds of $1.8 billion from the anticipated issuance of new STO bonds, $63 million in anticipated revenues, and $3.3 billion in anticipated federal funds.
The State has established the Special Transportation Fund for the purpose of budgeting and accounting for all transportation related taxes, fees and revenues credited to such Fund and securing the STO bonds. STO bonds are payable solely from revenues of the Special Transportation Fund. The aggregate of certain motor fuel taxes, motor vehicle receipts, motor vehicle related licenses, permits and fees, and portions of the oil companies tax and sales tax on motor vehicles and other transportation related revenue sources, including enacted adjustments to all the foregoing sources, are intended to cover the cost of the State’s share of the infrastructure program, including debt service requirements. After providing for debt service requirements, the balance of the receipts from such revenue sources may be applied to the payment of general obligation bonds of the State issued for transportation purposes and for the payment of annually budgeted expenses of the Department of Transportation and the Department of Motor Vehicles.
It is anticipated that additional STO bonds will be authorized by the General Assembly annually in an amount necessary to finance and to complete the infrastructure program. Such additional bonds may be issued on an equal rank with the outstanding bonds provided certain pledged revenue coverage requirements of the STO indentures controlling the issuance of such bonds are met. The State expects to continue to offer bonds for this program.
In addition to STO Bonds, the State has issued direct general obligation bonds for transportation purposes and the debt service on these bonds may be paid from resources of the Special Transportation Fund provided there is sufficient funding first to pay all STO debt service. For the year ended June 30, 2008 the Special Transportation Fund paid $3.1 million of State direct general obligation transportation debt service payments. The amount budgeted by the Special Transportation Fund for State direct general obligation transportation debt service payments for fiscal year 2008-09 was $2.0 million
During the past several years the Fund’s revenues and expenses have undergone a variety of legislative changes. In 2003 legislation provided for a one-time transfer of $52 million from the Fund to the State’s General Fund. In 2004 legislation increased the tax on gasohol and raised various motor vehicle fees resulting in an $18.6 million benefit to the Fund. In 2005 legislation increased the scheduled transfers to the Fund from the State’s General Fund from Oil Companies Tax revenue by $22.5 million in fiscal year 2006, $30 million in fiscal year 2007, $53 million in fiscal year 2008, $79.9 million in each of fiscal years 2009-2013, and $98 million thereafter. In 2006, legislation again increased the scheduled transfers to the Fund from the State’s General Fund from Oil Companies Tax revenue by $80 million in each of fiscal years 2007-2010 and by $100 million in fiscal year 2011 and thereafter. In July 2007 legislation increased the motor fuels tax on each gallon of diesel fuel from $0.26 to $0.37 and correspondingly exempted diesel fuel from the petroleum products gross earnings tax.
A fifteen member Transportation Strategy Board (“TSB”) was established in 2001 to propose a transportation strategy, an implementation cost estimate and funding approaches to the Governor and General Assembly. The TSB’s strategic goals are: 1) improve personal mobility within and through Connecticut; 2) improve the movement of goods and freight within and through Connecticut; 3) integrate transportation with economic, land use, environmental and quality of life issues; 4) develop policies and procedures that will integrate the state economy with regional, national and global economies; and 5) identify policies and sources that provide an adequate and reliable flow of funding necessary for a quality multi-modal transportation system. The TSB presented the initial transportation strategy to the Governor and General Assembly on January 6, 2003. In January 2007, as required in Public Act No. 06-136, the TSB again presented “Connecticut’s Transportation Strategy” to the Governor and General Assembly.
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In order to implement the strategy-related projects submitted by TSB, legislation was passed in 2005 that established fixed transfers from the Special Transportation Fund to the TSB project accounts in the amounts of $25.3 million in fiscal year 2005-06, $20.3 million in fiscal year 2006-07, $15.3 million in each of fiscal years 2007-08 through 2014-15 and $0.3 million in fiscal year 2015-16 and thereafter. In September 2007 legislation authorized the transfer of $5.5 million on deposit in the Special Transportation Fund to the TSB’s project account for various transportation related studies.
Public Acts in 2005 and 2006 authorized the issuance of more than $2.1 billion of special tax obligation bonds for the ten-year period from 2005 to 2014 for transportation system improvements, many of which are TSB-recommended projects. As of February 1, 2009 $2.0 billion of the borrowing authorized is effective with the remaining $100 million becoming effective in fiscal year 2009-10. Legislation passed in 2006 also authorized the issuance of $1.3 billion in bonds in anticipation of future federal transportation funds. Pursuant to Public Act No. 09-2 of the September 2009 Special Session, the General Assembly has authorized special tax obligation bonds of $579.2 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $265.4 million in fiscal year 2010-11. In November 2009, the State issued $195,970,000 Special Tax Obligation Bonds Transportation Infrastructure Purposes, 2009 Series A, $304,030,000 Special Tax Obligation Bonds Transportation Infrastructure Purposes, 2009 Series B (Taxable Build America Bonds—Direct Pay), and $49,775,000 Special Tax Obligation Refunding Bonds Transportation Infrastructure Purposes, 2009 Series C.
Other Special Revenue Funds and Debt
Bradley Airport. Bradley International Airport, located in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, is owned by the State and operated by the Bureau of Aviation and Ports in the State’s Department of Transportation. The General Assembly has authorized the issuance of revenue bonds for improvements at Bradley International Airport, payable from all or a portion of the revenues generated at the airport. Legislation passed in 2001 removed a $294 million bond issuance cap for Bradley Airport but retained the requirement for State Bond Commission approval of any new bond issue. As of February 1, 2009, there were $198.9 million of Bradley International Airport Revenue Bonds outstanding.
The 2001 legislation also established a board of directors to oversee the operation and development of Bradley Airport. The seven-member board includes five appointed members and the Commissioners of Transportation and Economic and Community Development. The Bradley board is charged with a wide range of duties and responsibilities, including developing an organizational and management structure, approving the annual capital and operating budget, master plan, and community relations policies of the airport, and ensuring customer service standards and performance assessments.
Additional special obligation bonds to finance self-sustaining special facilities at Bradley International Airport payable solely from the revenues derived from such special facilities were authorized in 1993. In March 2000 the State issued $53.8 million of Bradley International Airport Special Obligation Parking Revenue Bonds to finance the construction of a five story parking garage facility at the airport and, as of February 1, 2009, $44.7 million of such bonds were outstanding.
The board of directors of Bradley Airport and the State Bond Commission approved a transaction authorizing the State Treasurer to refund Bradley International Airport General Airport Revenue Bonds, Series 2001A (AMT) for expected delivery in 2011 or thereafter and to enter into a forward starting interest rate swap transaction for the purpose of locking in current market savings. Pursuant to such authorization the State entered into certain swap agreements in April 2006.
Clean Water Fund. The General Assembly has authorized the issue of up to $1,753.4 million of revenue bonds, of which $1,209.28 million have been issued, for the purpose of funding various State and federally mandated water pollution control and drinking water projects. The revenue bonds are payable solely from the revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor. The proceeds of the revenue bonds are loaned
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primarily to Connecticut municipalities to finance water pollution control and drinking water improvements, and the loan repayments by the municipalities secure the bonds. The loans are evidenced by interim funding obligations and project loan obligations of the municipalities, pursuant to which either the full faith and credit of each such municipality is pledged, or the revenues and other funds of a municipal sewer system are pledged. The General Assembly has authorized the issue of up to $1,833.4 million of revenue bonds, of which $1,408.7 million has been issued, for the purpose of funding various State and federally mandated water pollution control and drinking water projects. As of October 1, 2009 $853.9 million of revenue bonds were outstanding (including refunding bonds).
Unemployment Compensation. The State pays unemployment compensation benefits from the State’s Unemployment Compensation Fund, which is funded by unemployment compensation taxes collected from employers. In 1993, the State responded to a deficit in the Fund by, among other things, issuing three series of special obligation bonds totaling $1,020.7 million to repay certain federal borrowings and to fund certain reserves. All of these bonds were defeased in June 2001. To fund future shortfalls, the State has reserved the authority to issue bonds in an aggregate amount outstanding at any time not in excess of $1,000 million, plus amounts for certain reserves and costs of issuance. The State has not incurred any additional borrowing since 1993 other than borrowings from the Federal Unemployment Trust Fund for cash flow purposes, which have been repaid prior to September 30 in each case and which therefore have not been subject to federal interest charges.
Second Injury Fund. The Second Injury Fund is a State-run workers’ compensation insurance fund which pays lost wages and medical benefits to qualified injured workers. The State established the Second Injury Fund in 1945 to encourage the hiring of persons with pre-existing physical impairments, such as veterans, and to provide relief to employers when an injured worker, who already had a pre-existing injury or condition, was hurt on the job and the second injury was made worse by the existence of the first injury. In 1995 and 1996, the State enacted legislation to close the Second Injury Fund to future second injury claims. Those laws authorized the issuance of an amount not to exceed $750 million in revenue bonds and notes outstanding at any one time to provide funds for paying past claims. No bonds are currently outstanding. The State’s management objective is to pay additional claims and settlements from current income and, if necessary, short term borrowings.
Rate Reduction Bonds. The General Assembly authorized the issuance of special obligation bonds to sustain funding of the conservation and load management and the renewable energy investment programs established under the general statutes. The State issued $205.3 million of Special Obligation Rate Reduction Bonds (2004 Series A) in June 2004. These bonds were defeased on June 5, 2008. The bonds were secured by certain revenues collected through a non-bypassable charge imposed upon each customer of the electric utilities within the State. Such revenues are property of the State and are pledged towards payment of debt service on the bonds and related costs, which pledge is a first priority lien on such revenues. The net proceeds of the bonds were deposited in the General Fund.
Contingent Liability Debt. The General Assembly has the power to impose limited or contingent liabilities upon the State in such a manner as it may deem appropriate and as may serve a public purpose. This power has been used to support the efforts of quasi-public agencies, municipalities and other authorities formed to carry out essential public and governmental functions by authorizing these entities to issue indebtedness backed, partially or fully, by General Fund resources of the State. Not all entities that are authorized to issue such indebtedness have done so, and the description below of the State’s limited or contingent liability is restricted only to specific indebtedness backed by the State.
Special Capital Reserve Funds. The primary vehicle through which the State has undertaken contingent or limited liability is the special capital reserve fund. A special capital reserve fund, if established, provides additional security for bonds issued by the entity authorized to establish such a reserve fund. Subject to exceptions in the legislation authorizing the establishment of a particular special capital reserve fund, monies held in and credited to a special capital reserve fund are intended to be used solely for the payment of the
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principal of bonds secured by such special capital reserve fund, the purchase of such bonds, the payment of interest on such bonds or the payment of any redemption premium required to be paid when such bonds are redeemed prior to maturity. The special capital reserve fund is frequently funded with bond proceeds to a specified amount (the minimum of which is often the maximum annual principal and interest payments due on the bonds). The State undertakes the obligation to restore a special capital reserve fund to its minimum level. The method for determining such required minimum capital reserve is set out in the legislation authorizing the special capital reserve fund. If the special capital reserve fund should fall below the required minimum capital reserve amount, an official of the authority or municipality which established the special capital reserve fund must certify to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or the State Treasurer or both the amount necessary to restore such special capital reserve fund to the required minimum capital reserve amount. On or before December 1, annually, the amount specified in the certificate is deemed to be appropriated from the State’s General Fund and must be allotted and paid to the entity that established the special capital reserve fund. On an annual basis, the State’s liability under any special capital reserve fund mechanism is limited to its obligation to restore that fund to its minimum capital reserve amount.
Quasi-Public Agencies. The State has established by legislation several quasi-public agencies. These quasi-public agencies are not departments, institutions or agencies of the State. They are, however, bodies politic and corporate that constitute public instrumentalities and political subdivisions of the State and whose exercise of authority granted to them is deemed to be the performance of an essential public and governmental function. These organizations provide a wide range of services that might otherwise be provided directly by the State. Among the public authorities are: the Connecticut Development Authority, the Connecticut Health and Educational Facilities Authority, the Connecticut Higher Education Supplemental Loan Authority, the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority, the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority and the Capital City Economic Development Authority. Each of these public authorities is authorized to issue bonds in its own name to facilitate its activities and each has issued bonds secured by a special capital reserve fund, or other contractual arrangement, for which the State has limited contingent liability.
Assistance to Municipalities. In addition to the limited or contingent liabilities that the State has undertaken in connection with the activities of its quasi-public agencies, the State has undertaken certain limited or contingent liabilities to assist municipalities. The State currently has limited or contingent liabilities outstanding in connection with bonds or other obligations issued by the City of Waterbury and the Southeastern Connecticut Water Authority. The State previously was obligated pursuant to the establishment of a special capital reserve fund to secure certain bonds issued by the City of Bridgeport to fund its past budget deficits; however such bonds were refunded by the city in 1996. The State previously had guaranteed debt service on bonds of the City of West Haven, but an irrevocable escrow has been established to pay such bonds. Legislation also authorized distressed municipalities, in certain circumstances and subject to various conditions, to issue deficit funding obligations secured by a special capital reserve fund. There are no such obligations currently outstanding.
School Construction Grant Commitments. The State is obligated to various cities, towns and regional school districts under a grant-in-aid public school building program to fund certain of the costs of construction and alteration of school buildings or to support part of the debt service payments on municipal debt issued to fund the State’s share of such school building projects. For certain school projects approved by the General Assembly, cities, towns and districts are ranked according to their adjusted equalized net grand list per capita and based on such rankings a percentage is assigned which determines the amount of grant money a town or regional school district is eligible to receive for a project or type of project authorized by the legislature and approved by the Commissioner of Education.
For school construction projects approved during the 1997 legislative session and thereafter, the State pays the costs of its share of construction projects on a progress payment basis during the construction period. Each year the legislature authorizes grant commitments which vary in amounts from year to year. The State has authorized new school construction grant commitments of approximately $400 million which take effect in the 2009-10 fiscal year. As of June 30, 2009, the Commissioner estimates that current grant obligations under the
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grant program established in 1997 are approximately $2,450 million, which includes approximately $6,900 million of grants approved as of such date less payments already made of $4,450 million.
Prior to 1997 the grant program was conducted differently. For certain school projects grants for construction costs are paid to the cities, towns and districts in installments which correspond to the number and time of principal payments due on municipal bonds, or temporary notes renewed for a third or subsequent year, issued to finance project costs. If a project is fully paid from sources other than borrowing, such grants are paid in five annual installments. Grants in support of interest payments correspond to the number and time of such interest payments. As of June 30, 2009, under the grant program prior to 1997 the State is obligated to various cities, towns and regional school districts for approximately $314 million in aggregate principal installment payments and $57 million aggregate interest subsidies, for a total of $371 million. Funding for these payments may come from future State direct general obligation bond sales. No new grant commitment can be authorized under this program.
The legislature has authorized bonds for both grant programs based on the amount of grants that the Commissioner of Education estimates will be paid during each fiscal year. Since there is generally a lapse of one or more years from the time grant commitments are approved to the time grant payments are required to be made, the amount of unpaid grant commitments will be significantly greater than the amount of bonds authorized to fund the grant commitments.
Child Care Facilities Debt Service Commitments. Legislation enacted in 1997 authorized the Connecticut Health and Educational Facilities Authority (CHEFA) to issue bonds and loan the proceeds to various entities to finance child care facilities. The Department of Social Services may enter into commitments to apply monies for each such entity to pay the debt service on the loans in amounts sufficient to cover a portion of the debt service on CHEFA’s bonds. Legislation enacted in 1999 provided for the obligation of the Department of Social Services to make debt service payments to be made by the State Treasurer. Any obligation by the Department of Social Services or the State Treasurer to pay is subject to annual appropriation. CHEFA first issued special obligation bonds under this program in 1998. As of February 1, 2009 CHEFA had approximately $69.6 million bonds outstanding under this program with annual debt service of approximately $5.4 million, of which the Department of Social Services is committed to pay approximately $4.5 million. The remaining portion of debt service is to be paid from Department of Education and Department of Social Services intercepts of revenues from providers. Two other Child Care Facilities programs also authorize the Commissioner of the Department of Social Services to enter into guaranties of loans made to entities to finance the development of child care and child development centers or programs. CHEFA is administering this program on behalf of the Department, and is currently limiting the aggregate amount of guaranties to the balance of monies in the reserve funds for the respective programs.
Other Contingent Liabilities. The Connecticut Lottery Corporation (the “Corporation”) was created in 1996 as a public instrumentality of the State to operate the State’s lottery pursuant to the Connecticut Lottery Corporation Act (the “CLC Act”). The State and the Corporation purchase annuities under group contracts with insurance companies which provide payments corresponding to the obligation for payments to lottery prize winners. The State has transferred to the Corporation all annuities purchased by it and the Corporation has assumed responsibility for the collection of revenue generated from the lottery and for the payment of all lottery prizes. Under the CLC Act, the termination of the Corporation would not affect any outstanding contractual obligation of the Corporation and the State would succeed to the obligations of the Corporation under any such contract. As of June 30, 2008 the current and long term liabilities of the Corporation total $291 million.
PENSION AND RETIREMENT SYSTEMS
State Employees’ Retirement Fund. The State Employees’ Retirement Fund is one of the systems maintained by the State with approximately 53,196 active members, 1,592 inactive (vested) members and 38,093 retired members as of June 30, 2008. Generally, employees hired before July 1, 1984 participate in the Tier I plan, which includes employee contributions. As of July 1, 2008 approximately 13% of the total work force was
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covered under the Tier I Plan. Other employees generally participate in the Tier II plan, which is non-contributory and provides somewhat lesser benefits. As of July 1, 2008, approximately 42% of the total workforce was covered under the Tier II plan. Employees hired after July 1, 1997 participate in the Tier IIA plan, which requires contributions from its employee members. As of July 1, 2008, approximately 45% of the total work force was covered under the Tier IIA Plan. Since fiscal year 1978-79, payments into the State Employees’ Retirement Fund and investment income in each fiscal year, with the exception of fiscal year 2003-04, have been sufficient to meet benefits paid from the fund in such year. Payments into the fund are made from employee contributions, General and Special Transportation Fund appropriations and grant reimbursements from Federal and other funds. State contributions to the fund are made monthly on the basis of transfers submitted by the Office of the State Comptroller.
Full actuarial valuations are performed as of June 30th of each even-numbered year. The most recent actuarial valuation of November 2008 indicated that, as of June 30, 2007, the State Employees’ Retirement Fund had assets with an actuarial value of $9,585 0 million and as of June 30, 2008, the State Employees’ Retirement Fund had assets with an actuarial value of $9,990.2 million. The actuarial valuation was based upon an 8.25% earnings assumption and the effect of phasing in an approximately 4.8% negative return on plan assets for the 2007-08 fiscal year. The Treasurer has realized an annualized net return of 6.06% on investment assets in the State Employees’ Retirement Fund over the past ten years (fiscal year 1998-99 through fiscal year 2007-08) and an annualized net return of 9.43% over the past five years (fiscal year 2003-04 through fiscal year 2007-08). The November 2008 actuarial valuation indicated that as of June 30, 2008 the State Employees’ Retirement Fund had a funded ratio of 51.9% on a projected basis. As of June 30, 2008 the market value of the fund’s investment assets, as reported in the actuarial valuation, was $9,329,175,038. The market value of the fund’s investment assets is continually subject to change based on a variety of factors, including changes in the financial and credit markets and general economic conditions, and the current market value of the fund’s investment assets is lower than it was at June 30, 2008. As of June 30, 2009, the market value of the fund’s investment assets was $7,320,843,712.
The November 2008 actuarial valuation determined the following employer contribution requirements, based on a projected unit credit actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions, which contributions are sufficient to meet Governmental Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”) standards: (i) $897.4 million for fiscal year 2009-10, and (ii) $944.1 million for fiscal year 2010-11. The annual contribution requirements for fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11 include amounts which may be required pursuant to the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Longley v. State Employees Retirement Commission, which requires that the plaintiffs’ final pro-rated longevity payment be included in the earnings calculations for purposes of calculating their retirement incomes. The State met 99.25% of its annual contribution requirement for fiscal year 2007-08. To meet the State’s annual contribution requirements for fiscal year 2008-09, $575.8 million was appropriated from the General Fund and the Special Transportation Fund. The Office of Policy and Management projects that contributions to the fund for fiscal year 2008-09 from grant reimbursements from federal and other funds will be sufficient to meet the balance of the required annual contribution.
Teachers’ Retirement Fund. The Teachers’ Retirement Fund, administered by the Teachers’ Retirement Board, provides benefits for any teacher, principal, supervisor, superintendent or other eligible employee in the public school systems of the State, with certain exceptions. While establishing salary schedules for teachers, municipalities do not provide contributions to the maintenance of the fund. As of June 30, 2008, there were 61,421 active and former employees with accrued and accruing benefits and 28,609 retired members.
Since fiscal year 1978-79, payments into the Teachers’ Retirement Fund and investment income in each fiscal year, with the exception of fiscal years 2003-04 and 2004-05, have been sufficient to meet benefits paid from the fund in such year. Contributions to the fund are made by employees and by General Fund appropriations from the State. State contributions to the fund are made quarterly on the basis of certifications submitted by the Teachers’ Retirement Board and are funded with annual appropriations from the General Fund.
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Actuarial valuations are performed as of June 30th of each even-numbered year. The most recent actuarial valuation dated November 12, 2008 indicated that, as of June 30, 2008, the Teachers’ Retirement Fund had assets, inclusive of the cost-of-living adjustment reserve account, with an actuarial value of $15,271.0 million. The actuarial valuation was based upon an 8.50% earnings assumption. The Treasurer has realized an annualized net return of 6.13% on investment assets in the Teachers’ Retirement Fund over the past ten years (fiscal year 1998-99 through fiscal year 2007-08) and an annualized net return of 9.56% over the past five years (fiscal year 2003-04 through fiscal year 2007-08). The November 2008 actuarial valuation indicated that as of June 30, 2008 the Teachers’ Retirement Fund had a funded ratio of 70.1% on a projected basis. As of June 30, 2008, the market value of the fund’s investment assets, as reported in the actuarial valuation, was $14,551,467,434. The market value of the fund’s investment assets is continually subject to change based on a variety of factors, including changes in the financial and credit markets and general economic conditions and the current market value of the fund’s investment assets is lower than it was at June 30, 2008. As of June 30, 2009, the market value of the fund’s investment assets was $11,396,681,762.
The actuarial valuation dated November 29, 2006 determined the following employer contribution requirements, based on an individual entry-age actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions, which contributions are sufficient to meet GASB standards: (i) $518.6 million for fiscal year 2007-08, and (ii) $539.3 million for fiscal year 2008-09. The State met its annual contribution requirement for fiscal year 2007-08. To meet the State’s annual contribution requirement for fiscal year 2008-09, $539.3 million has been appropriated. The actuarial valuation dated November 12, 2008 determined the following employer contribution requirements, which are sufficient to meet GASB standards: (i) $559.2 million for fiscal year 2009-10, and (ii) $581.6 million for fiscal year 2010-11.
Public Act No. 07-186 authorized the issuance of general obligation bonds (“TRF Bonds”) of the State in amounts sufficient to fund a $2.0 billion deposit to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund plus amounts required for costs of issuance and up to two years of capitalized interest. The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and the State Treasurer subsequently determined that issuance of such bonds would be in the best interests of the State, and in April 2008 the State issued $2,276,578,270.75 of such bonds.
Section 8 of Public Act No. 07-186 provides that, in each fiscal year that any TRF Bonds (or any refunding bonds) are outstanding, an amount equal to the annual required contribution to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund is deemed to be appropriated from the General Fund, and such amount must be deposited in the fund in such fiscal year. The amounts of the annual required contributions for each biennial budget are based on the actuarial valuation required to be completed by the December 1 prior to the beginning of the next biennial budget. Under Section 8 the State has pledged to and agreed with the holders of any TRF Bonds that, so long as the actuarial evaluation of the Teachers’ Retirement Fund is completed and the certification of the annual contribution amounts is made as required by Section 8, no public or special act of the General Assembly shall diminish such required contribution until such bonds, together with interest thereon, are fully met and discharged unless adequate provision is made by law for the protection of the holders of the bonds. Such contributions may be reduced in any biennium, however, if (i) the Governor declares an emergency or the existence of extraordinary circumstances (which may include changes in actuarial methods or accounting standards) in which the provisions of Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes is invoked, (ii) at least three-fifths of the members of each Chamber of the General Assembly vote to diminish such required contributions during the biennium for which the emergency or extraordinary circumstances are determined, and (iii) the funded ratio of the fund is at least equal to the funded ratio immediately after the sale of the bonds in accordance with the actuarial method used at the time. If such conditions are met, the funding of the annual required actuarial contribution may be diminished, but in no event may such diminution result in a reduction of the funded ratio of the fund by more than 5% from (i) the funded ratio which would otherwise have resulted had the State funded the full required contribution or (ii) the funded ratio immediately after the sale of the bonds, whichever is greater.
The statutory provisions that govern pension benefits payable from the Teachers’ Retirement Fund include certain cost of living adjustments. Public Act No. 07-186 added a provision limiting cost-of-living adjustments
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for employees hired after July 1, 2007, but also removed a statutory provision that subjected certain annual cost of living adjustments in pension benefits to a limit based on funds available from earnings on fund investments which exceeded an 11.5% return. Such excess earnings were held in the cost-of-living adjustment reserve account until applied to provide for cost of living adjustments. Although there are other statutory limits on the cost of living adjustments, it is anticipated that the removal of the limit based on available earnings that exceeded an 11.5% return will cause an increase in the aggregate actuarial accrued liability of the fund. One preliminary report estimated that these changes could increase the unfunded actuarial accrued liability by approximately $1.0 billion. This preliminary estimate was based on various assumptions and no assurances can be given that subsequent projections or the next actuarial report will not result in a higher estimate.
Other Retirement Systems. The other minor retirement systems funded by the State include the Judges, Family Support Magistrates and Compensation Commissioners Retirement System (the Judicial Retirement System), the General Assembly Pension System, the State Attorneys’ Retirement Fund and the Public Defenders’ Retirement Fund. As of June 30, 2008, there were approximately 225 active members of these plans and approximately 254 retired members. Unclassified employees of the Connecticut State System of Higher Education and the central office staff of the Department of Higher Education are eligible to participate in the Connecticut Alternate Retirement Program. This program is a defined contribution program, and thus the State has no unfunded liability with respect to the program. All member contributions and State appropriations are held in a separate retirement fund by the Treasurer who may invest and reinvest as much of the fund’s assets as are not required for current disbursements, which are composed primarily of benefit payments. Any employee who elects or has elected to participate in the program may elect to receive a refund of all contributions made by the employee into the state employees retirement system in lieu of receiving any pension benefits under said retirement system.
The State is the administrator of the Connecticut Municipal Employees’ Retirement System and the Connecticut Probate Judges and Employees’ Retirement System. As the administrator of these systems the State owes a fiduciary obligation to these systems; however, the State has no direct financial liability to pay benefits under these systems.
Social Security and Other Post-Employment Benefits. State employees, except for police and members of a retirement system other than the State Employees’ Retirement Fund, whose employment commenced after February 21, 1958 are entitled to Social Security coverage. Certain employees hired prior to that date have also elected to be covered. Pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement, state police hired on or after May 8, 1984 are entitled to Social Security coverage. As of June 30, 2008, approximately 62,828 State employees were entitled to Social Security coverage. The amount expended by the State for Social Security coverage for fiscal year 2007-08 was $298.6 million Of this amount, $221.3 million was paid from the General Fund and $14.4 million was paid from the Special Transportation Fund.
The State provides post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to all employees who retire from State employment. The State finances the cost of such benefits on a pay-as-you-go basis; as such, the State has not established any fund for the accumulation of assets with which to pay post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits in future years. The State will need to make significant General Fund appropriations for such benefits each fiscal year. For fiscal year 2008-09 $484.2 million was appropriated.
Implementation of GASB Statement No. 45 regarding accounting and financial reporting for postemployment benefits other than pensions requires the State to obtain an analysis of the unfunded actuarial accrued liability of such post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits and to recognize the annual required contribution to fund that actuarial liability in its financial statements commencing with those for fiscal year 2007-08. The State has received an actuarial report dated March 2007 with respect to the State’s liability for post-retirement health care benefits for persons covered under the State Employees Retirement System and other State retirement systems, excluding the Teachers’ Retirement System. The report indicated an OPEB actuarial accrued liability as of April 1, 2006 estimated to range from $11.4 billion to $21.7 billion. The amounts depend
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upon various assumptions including those with respect to medical cost inflation rates, the establishment of a trust to fund those liabilities, the amount of initial and annual amounts deposited in such a trust and discount rates. The report used discount rates ranging from 4.5% to 8.5%. The amount of the annual required contribution under these various assumptions ranged from $1.0 billion to $1.6 billion for fiscal year 2006-07, based on a projected unit credit actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions. Additional assumptions were also tested for sensitivity analysis which produced different results. The annual required contribution included the cost for both current eligible employees and retirees. The State has received an interim actuarial valuation dated February 16, 2009 with respect to the State’s liability for post-retirement health care benefits for persons covered under the State Employees Retirement System and other State retirement systems, excluding the Teachers’ Retirement System, based upon the stated assumptions of the March 2007 actuarial report but reflecting actual increases in the State’s medical and dental costs between April 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008. The report indicates an OPEB actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2007 of up to $23.1 billion and a projected actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2008 of up to $24.6 billion on an unfunded basis with no valuation assets available to offset the liabilities of the plan. The interim actuarial valuation determined an employer contribution requirement for fiscal year 2007-08 of up to $1.66 billion on an unfunded basis, based on a projected unit credit actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions. The State paid $458.4 million for eligible employees and $415.4 million for retirees for health care costs in fiscal year 2006-07. The State paid $480.0 million for eligible employees and $468.8 million for retirees for health care costs in fiscal year 2007-08.
The State makes a General Fund appropriation to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund to cover one-third of retiree health insurance costs plus any portion of the balance of such costs which is not funded from the amounts available in the Teachers’ Retirement Health Insurance Fund. The amount of $24.4 million has been appropriated for such purpose for fiscal year 2008-09. Fund assets do not constitute plan assets for purposes of GASB Statements Nos. 43 and 45 and for actuarial valuation purposes fund assets are not treated as valuation assets available to offset the accrued liability of the plan. It is anticipated that significant General Fund appropriations will be required for each fiscal year to meet retiree health insurance costs. Legislation which became effective July 1, 1998 generally requires the State to subsidize the health insurance costs of retired teachers who are not members of the Teachers’ Retirement Board’s health benefit plan in a manner consistent with its prior practice of subsidizing the health insurance costs of those retired teachers who were members of the Board’s health benefit plan. Legislation which became effective July 1, 2008 generally requires the State to subsidize a portion of the health insurance costs of retired teachers who have attained normal retirement age, are ineligible to participate in Medicare Part A and pay to participate in local board of education retiree health benefit plans. Since July 1, 1994, retiree health benefits have been self-insured.
Implementation of GASB Statement No. 45 requires the State to obtain an analysis of the unfunded actuarial accrued liability of such retiree health insurance benefits and to recognize the annual required contribution to fund that actuarial liability in its financial statements commencing with those for fiscal year 2007-08. The Teachers’ Retirement Board has received an actuarial valuation of the State’s liability with respect to postretirement health care benefits for members of the Teachers’ Retirement Fund. The report indicates an actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2008 of $2,318.8 million on an unfunded basis, based upon certain stated assumptions including a 4.5% earnings assumption and a 30 year amortization period and no valuation assets available to offset the liabilities of the plan. The actuarial valuation determined a $116.7 million employer contribution requirement for fiscal year 2008-09 and $121.3 million for fiscal year 2009-10, based on an individual entry-age actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions. The State paid $20.7 million for post-retirement health insurance costs for fiscal year 2007-08. The valuation noted that if the plan were prefunded the actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2008 would be reduced to $1.52 billion based on a 7.5% earnings assumption, which would result in a $67.9 million employer contribution requirement for fiscal year 2008-09.
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APPENDIX E — LEGACY COLUMBIA FUNDS
Legacy Columbia funds are funds that were branded Columbia or Columbia Acorn prior to Sept. 27, 2010.
ColumbiaSM Acorn® Fund ColumbiaSM Acorn International® ColumbiaSM Acorn International Select® ColumbiaSM Acorn Select® ColumbiaSM Acorn USA® Columbia Asset Allocation Fund Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II Columbia Balanced Fund Columbia Blended Equity Fund Columbia Bond Fund Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund Columbia Conservative High Yield Fund Columbia Contrarian Core Fund Columbia Convertible Securities Fund Columbia Core Bond Fund Columbia Corporate Income Fund (formerly known as Columbia Income Fund) Columbia Disciplined Value Fund Columbia Dividend Income Fund Columbia Emerging Markets Fund Columbia Energy and Natural Resources Fund Columbia Federal Securities Fund Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Global Value Fund Columbia Greater China Fund Columbia High Income Fund Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia International Bond Fund Columbia International Growth Fund Columbia International Stock Fund Columbia International Value Fund Columbia Large Cap Core Fund Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund Columbia Large Cap Index Fund Columbia Large Cap Value Fund Columbia Liberty Fund Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio | Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund Columbia Marsico Global Fund Columbia Marsico Growth Fund Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio Columbia Mid Cap Core Fund Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Overseas Value Fund Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund Columbia Select Opportunities Fund Columbia Select Small Cap Fund Columbia Short Term Bond Fund Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Short-Intermediate Bond Fund Columbia Small Cap Core Fund Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II Columbia Small Cap Index Fund Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia Strategic Income Fund Columbia Strategic Investor Fund Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund Columbia Technology Fund ColumbiaSM Thermostat Fund® Columbia Total Return Bond Fund Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Columbia World Equity Fund |
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APPENDIX F — LEGACY RIVERSOURCE FUNDS
Legacy RiverSource funds include RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds, funds renamed effective Sept. 27, 2010 to bear the Columbia brand, and certain other funds. Prior fund names are noted in parenthesis.
Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund)
Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund)
Columbia AMT-Free Tax-Exempt Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Tax-Exempt Bond Fund)
Columbia Asia Pacific ex-Japan Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle Asia Pacific Fund)
Columbia Diversified Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Diversified Bond Fund)
Columbia Diversified Equity Income Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Diversified Equity Income Fund)
Columbia Dividend Opportunity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Dividend Opportunity Fund)
Columbia Emerging Markets Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Emerging Markets Bond Fund)
Columbia Emerging Markets Opportunity Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle Emerging Markets Fund)
Columbia Equity Value Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Equity Value Fund)
Columbia European Equity Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle European Equity Fund)
Columbia Floating Rate Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Floating Rate Fund)
Columbia Frontier Fund, Inc. (formerly known as Seligman Frontier Fund, Inc.)
Columbia Global Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Global Bond Fund)
Columbia Global Equity Fund (formerly known as Threadneedle Global Equity Fund)
Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund (RiverSource Global Extended Alpha Fund)
Columbia Government Money Market Fund, Inc. (formerly known as RiverSource Government Money Market Fund, Inc.)
Columbia High Yield Bond Fund (formerly known as RiverSource High Yield Bond Fund)
Columbia Income Builder Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Income Builder Basic Income Fund)
Columbia Income Builder Fund II (formerly known as RiverSource Income Builder Moderate Income Fund)
Columbia Income Builder Fund III (formerly known as RiverSource Income Builder Enhanced Income Fund)
Columbia Income Opportunities Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Income Opportunities Fund)
Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Inflation Protected Securities Fund)
Columbia Large Core Quantitative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Disciplined Equity Fund)
Columbia Large Growth Quantitative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Disciplined Large Cap Growth Fund)
Columbia Large Value Quantitative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Disciplined Large Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Limited Duration Credit Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Limited Duration Bond Fund)
Columbia Marsico Flexible Capital Fund
Columbia Mid Cap Growth Opportunity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Mid Cap Growth Fund)
Columbia Mid Cap Value Opportunity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Mid Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Minnesota Tax-Exempt Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Minnesota Tax-Exempt Fund)
Columbia Money Market Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Cash Management Fund)
Columbia Multi-Advisor International Value Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Partners International Select Value Fund)
Columbia Multi-Advisor Small Cap Value Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Partners Small Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Aggressive Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Aggressive Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Conservative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Conservative Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Aggressive Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Moderate Aggressive Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Conservative Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Moderate Conservative Fund)
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Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Moderate Fund)
Columbia Portfolio Builder Total Equity Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Portfolio Builder Total Equity Fund)
Columbia Recovery and Infrastructure Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Recovery and Infrastructure Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2010 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2010 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2015 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2015 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2020 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2020 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2025 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2025 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2030 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2030 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2035 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2035 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2040 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2040 Fund)
Columbia Retirement Plus 2045 Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Retirement Plus 2045 Fund)
Columbia Select Large-Cap Value Fund (formerly known as Seligman Large-Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Select Smaller-Cap Value Fund (formerly known as Seligman Smaller-Cap Value Fund)
Columbia Seligman Communications and Information Fund, Inc. (formerly known as Seligman Communications and Information Fund, Inc.)
Columbia Seligman Global Technology Fund (formerly known as Seligman Global Technology Fund)
Columbia Short-Term Cash Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Short-Term Cash Fund)
Columbia Strategic Allocation Fund (formerly known as RiverSource Strategic Allocation Fund)
Columbia U.S. Government Mortgage Fund (formerly known as RiverSource U.S. Government Mortgage Fund)
RiverSource Balanced Fund
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource Disciplined International Equity Fund
RiverSource Disciplined Small and Mid Cap Equity Fund
RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund
RiverSource Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource LaSalle Global Real Estate Fund
RiverSource LaSalle Monthly Dividend Real Estate Fund
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource Partners Fundamental Value Fund
RiverSource Partners International Select Growth Fund
RiverSource Partners International Small Cap Fund
RiverSource Precious Metals and Mining Fund
RiverSource Real Estate Fund
RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund
RiverSource Short Duration U.S. Government Fund
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund
Seligman California Municipal High Yield Series
Seligman California Municipal Quality Series
Seligman Capital Fund, Inc.
Seligman Growth Fund, Inc.
Seligman Minnesota Municipal Class
Seligman National Municipal Class
Seligman New York Municipal Class
Seligman TargETFund 2015
Seligman TargETFund 2025
Seligman TargETFund 2035
Seligman TargETFund 2045
Seligman TargETFund Core
Threadneedle Global Equity Income Fund
Threadneedle International Opportunity Fund
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Appendix C - Pro forma financial statements
NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE PRO FORMA EFFECTS OF THE REORGANIZATIONS
The unaudited pro forma information set forth below for the twelve month periods ended on the dates indicated is intended to present supplemental data as if the reorganizations of one or more funds (each a “Selling Fund” and together, the “Selling Funds”) into other corresponding funds (each a “Buying Fund” and together, the “Buying Funds”), as noted in Table 1 below (the “Reorganizations”), had occurred as of the beginning of the period (unless otherwise noted). No Reorganization is contingent upon any other Reorganization. Information has not been presented for any Reorganizations involving a Selling Fund the net assets of which were less than 10% of the net assets of the corresponding Buying Fund as of October 6, 2010.
Table 1 – Reorganizations
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | Period Ended | ||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund | Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | August 31, 2010 | ||
RiverSource Balanced Fund | Columbia Balanced Fund | August 31, 2010 | ||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund | Columbia Strategic Income Fund | May 31, 2010 |
Basis of Combination
In August, 2010, the Boards of Directors of the Selling Funds approved an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Plan of Reorganization”) pursuant to which, subject to shareholder approval, each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding Buying Fund (“Reorganization Shares”) and each Buying Fund will assume all of the liabilities of the corresponding Selling Fund. Selling Fund shareholders will receive the class of Reorganization Shares indicated in Table 2 below. Each Buying Fund will issue Reorganization Shares with an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate value of the assets that it receives from the corresponding Selling Fund, less the liabilities it assumes from the corresponding Selling Fund. All Reorganization Shares delivered to the Selling Funds will be delivered at net asset value without a sales load, commission or other similar fee being imposed. Immediately following the transfer, the Reorganization Shares received by each by each Selling Fund attributable to each class thereof will be distributed pro rata, on what is expected to be a tax-free basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the shareholders of such class of the Selling Fund in proportion to their holdings of shares of the Selling Fund.
Table 2 – Reorganization Shares
Selling Fund Share Class | Reorganization Share Class | |||
Class A | ® | Class A | ||
Class B | ® | Class B | ||
Class C | ® | Class C | ||
Class R | ® | Class R | ||
Class R4 | ® | Class R4 | ||
Class R5 | ® | Class R5 |
Note that Class R2 of certain Selling Funds was redesignated as Class R, effective September 7, 2010. Class R of such Selling Funds will reorganize into Class R of the corresponding Buying Fund, as applicable.
Under the terms of the Plan of Reorganization, each Reorganization will be accounted for by the method of accounting for tax-free mergers of investment companies. Following the Reorganizations, the Buying Funds will be the accounting survivors. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, the historical cost of investment securities will be carried forward to the surviving funds and the results of operations for pre-Reorganization periods will not be restated. The costs of the Reorganizations, current estimates of which are set forth in Table 5 below, will be borne by the Selling Funds and the Buying Funds (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) up to the amount of the anticipated reduction in expenses borne by that Fund over the
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first year following the Reorganization. Any Reorganization expenses otherwise allocable to a Fund that are in excess of that limitation will be borne by Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“Columbia Management”) or its affiliates and not by any other Fund. If a Reorganization is not consummated, Columbia Management or its affiliates will bear the costs associated with that Reorganization. The pro forma information provided herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements of the Funds included in their most recent annual reports and, as applicable, the unaudited financial statements of the Funds included in their most recent semi-annual reports, in each case dated as indicated in Table 3 below.
Table 3 – Shareholder Reports and Statements of Additional Information Dates
Fund | Annual Report | Semi-Annual | ||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | 2/28/2010 | 8/31/2010 | ||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | 1/31/2010 | 7/31/2010 | ||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | 8/31/2010 | N/A | ||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | 9/30/2009 | 3/31/2010 | ||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | 5/31/2010 | N/A | ||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | 9/30/2009 | 3/31/2010 |
Table 4 below presents, as of the date indicated, the net assets of each Fund.
Table 4 – Selling Funds and Buying Funds Net Assets
Fund | Net Assets | As-Of Date | ||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 1,353,719,842 | August 31, 2010 | |||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 338,803,140 | August 31, 2010 | |||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 304,782,407 | August 31, 2010 | |||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 573,281,111 | August 31, 2010 | |||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 2,016,402,425 | May 31, 2010 | |||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 339,886,408 | May 31, 2010 |
Table 5 presents the estimated Reorganization costs (exclusive of any transaction costs associated with any portfolio realignment); the net assets as of the date indicated in Table 4 above of each Buying Fund assuming the indicated Reorganizations occurred on that date, after accounting for the estimated Reorganization costs to be borne by the Buying Fund and the corresponding Selling Fund; and, on a pro forma basis, the estimated relative increases or decreases in combined operating expenses that would have been incurred during the one-year period ended on the date indicated in Table 4 above. The pro forma increases and decreases represent the differences between (i) the combined expenses actually charged to the Buying Fund and the Selling Fund during the period and (ii) the expenses that would have been charged to the combined assets of the Buying and Selling Funds if the reorganizations and other contractual changes had occurred at the beginning of the year.
The unaudited pro forma information set forth in Table 5 below reflects adjustments made to expenses for differences in contractual rates, duplicate services and other services that would not have occurred if the Reorganizations had taken place on the first day of the period described in Table 1 above. The pro forma information has been derived from the books and records of the Funds utilized in calculating daily net asset value for the Funds and has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require the use of management estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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Table 5 – Estimated Reorganization Costs, Combined Fund Net Assets and Pro Forma Increases or Decreases in Expenses(1)
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund into Columbia Small Cap Index Fund | ||||
Estimated Reorganization Costs | $ | 248,535 | ||
Combined Fund Net Assets as of the Date Indicated in Table 4 | $ | 1,692,274,447 | ||
Increase (Decrease) | ||||
Management fees (2) | ($929,549) | |||
Custodian fees (3) | ($35,714) | |||
Professional fees (3) | ($26,853) | |||
Registration fees (3) | ($52,750) | |||
Reports to shareholders (3) | ($74,550) | |||
Transfer agency fees (3) | ($1,104,180) | |||
Other (3)(4) | ($93,673) | |||
(Increase) Decrease | ||||
Waiver and/or reimbursement of fund expenses (5) | $ | 1,139,273 |
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fundinto Columbia | ||||
Estimated Reorganization Costs | $ | 0 | ||
Combined Fund Net Assets as of the Date Indicated in Table 4 | $ | 878,063,518 | ||
Increase (Decrease) | ||||
Management fees (6) | $ | 1,200,290 | ||
Custodian fees (7) | ($52,368) | |||
Professional fees (4) | ($18,962) | |||
Registration fees (4) | ($55,955) | |||
Reports to shareholders (4) | ($16,806) | |||
Transfer agency fees (7) | ($63,040) | |||
Other (4) | ($3,945) | |||
(Increase) Decrease | ||||
Waiver and/or reimbursement of fund expenses (5) | $ | 2,364 |
RiverSource Balanced Fund into Columbia Balanced Fund | ||||
Estimated Reorganization Costs | $ | 101,338 | ||
Combined Fund Net Assets as of the Date Indicated in Table 4 | $ | 2,356,187,495 | ||
Increase (Decrease) | ||||
Management fees (6) | $ | 699,935 | ||
Custodian fees (7) | ($169,760) | |||
Pricing and bookkeeping (8) | ($193,287) | |||
Professional fees (4) | ($24,009) | |||
Registration fees (4) | ($60,748) | |||
Reports to shareholders (4) | ($37,945) | |||
Transfer agency fees (7) | $ | 368,227 | ||
Other (4) | ($14,204) | |||
(Increase) Decrease | ||||
Waiver and/or reimbursement of fund expenses (5) | ($67,419) |
(1) | See “Fees and Expenses” in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus for more information. |
(2) | Management fees are composed of an advisory fee and an administration fee and have been adjusted to reflect the contractual rates charged to the Buying Fund. |
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(3) | Adjustment reflects the elimination of expenses charged to the Selling Fund that will instead be paid directly by Columbia out of the administration fee if receives from the Buying Fund. |
(4) | Adjustment reflects the elimination of duplicate services. |
(5) | Adjustment reflects the aggregate (increase) decrease in expense reimbursements and/or waivers by Columbia Management and its affiliates. |
(6) | Management fees are composed of an advisory fee and an administration fee and have been adjusted to reflect the contractual rates charged to the Buying Fund, proposed to be effective in the second quarter of 2011, subject to shareholder approval. |
(7) | Adjustment reflects changes in contractual rates |
(8) | Adjustment reflects changes in contractual rates. This service will not be separately charged and will be provided as a component of administration services. |
Pursuant to an Investment Management Services Agreement with Columbia Management, each Fund pays a monthly management fee to Columbia Management based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, at the annual rates shown in Table 6 below. The Board of Trustees of each Buying Fund has approved a new Investment Management Services Agreement (“New Agreement”) for each of the Buying Funds, under which management fees would be paid to Columbia Management based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, at the annual rates shown below.
The New Agreements for Columbia Strategic Income Fund and Columbia Balanced Fund are each subject to approval by shareholders of such Buying Funds.
Table 6 – Investment Management Fees
Fund | Assets (billions) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Current) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Buying Fund - Proposed) | |||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | All | 0.100 | % | Same as Current | ||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) |
| First $0.25 Next $0.25 Next $0.25 Next $0.25 Next $6.5 Next $7.5 Next $9.0 Next $26.0 Over $50.0 |
|
| 0.360 0.350 0.340 0.330 0.320 0.300 0.280 0.260 0.240 | % % % % % % % % % | N/A | |||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) |
| First $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $1.5 Next $3.0 Over $6.0 |
|
| 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 | % % % % % % |
| 0.660 0.615 0.570 0.520 0.510 0.490 | % % % % % % | |||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) |
| First $1.0 Next $1.0 Next $1.0 Next $3.0 Next $1.5 Next $2.5 Next $5.0 Next $9.0 Over $24.0 |
|
| 0.530 0.505 0.480 0.455 0.430 0.410 0.390 0.370 0.350 | % % % % % % % % % | N/A |
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Fund | Assets (billions) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Current) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Buying Fund - Proposed) | |||||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) |
| First $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $1.0 Next $3.0 Next $1.5 Next $1.5 Next $1.0 Next $5.0 Next $5.0 Next $4.0 Next $26.0 Over $50.0 |
|
| 0.600 0.550 0.520 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.490 | % % % % % % % % % % % % % % |
| 0.530 0.525 0.515 0.515 0.495 0.480 0.455 0.440 0.431 0.419 0.409 0.393 0.374 0.353 | % % % % % % % % % % % % % % | |||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) |
| First $0.25 Next $0.25 Next $0.25 Over $0.75 |
|
| 0.550 0.525 0.500 0.475 | % % % % | N/A |
Pursuant to an Administrative Services Agreement with Columbia Management or Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (“Ameriprise Financial”), as indicated in Table 7 below, each Fund’s administrator (“Administrator”) provides most administrative services to the Fund. For all services provided under the Administrative Services Agreement, each Fund pays its Administrator a monthly administration fee as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets, at the annual rates shown in Table 7 below. The Board of Trustees of each Buying Fund has approved a new Administrative Services Agreement for the Fund under which administration fees would be paid to Columbia Management based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, at the annual rates shown below.
Table 7 – Administration Fees
Fund | Administrator | Assets (billions) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Current) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Buying Fund - New) | ||||||||||
Columbia Small Cap Index Fund (Buying Fund) | Columbia Management | All | 0.100 | % | Same as Current | |||||||||
RiverSource Small Company Index Fund (Selling Fund) | Ameriprise Financial |
| First $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $2.0 Next $9.0 Over $12.0 |
|
| 0.080 0.075 0.070 0.060 0.050 | % % % % % | N/A | ||||||
Columbia Balanced Fund (Buying Fund) | Columbia Management |
| First $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $2.0 Next $9.0 Over $12.0 |
|
| 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | % % % % % |
| 0.060 0.055 0.050 0.040 0.030 | % % % % % |
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Fund | Administrator | Assets (billions) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Current) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Buying Fund - New) | ||||||||||
RiverSource Balanced Fund (Selling Fund) | Ameriprise Financial | First $ Next $ Next $ Next $ Over $ | 0.5 0.5 2.0 9.0 12.0 |
|
| 0.060 0.055 0.050 0.040 0.030 | % % % % % | N/A | ||||||
Columbia Strategic Income Fund (Buying Fund) | Columbia Management | First $ Next $ Next $ Next $ Over $ | 0.5 0.5 2.0 9.0 12.0 |
|
| 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | % % % % % |
| 0.070 0.065 0.060 0.050 0.040 | % % % % % | ||||
RiverSource Strategic Income Allocation Fund (Selling Fund) | Ameriprise Financial | First $ Next $ Next $ Next $ Over $ | 0.5 0.5 2.0 9.0 12.0 |
|
| 0.070 0.065 0.060 0.050 0.040 | % % % % % | N/A |
Ameriprise Financial provides accounting services as part of its Administrative Services Agreements. State Street Bank and Trust Company provides accounting services to the Funds administered by Columbia Management.
Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., an affiliate of Columbia Management, is the transfer agent for each Fund. Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc., an affiliate of Columbia Management, is the distributor for each Fund.
No significant accounting policies will change as the result of the proposed Reorganizations.
The estimated costs of the Reorganizations shown in Table 5 above do not reflect any brokerage commissions incurred by a Fund in connection with any portfolio realignment. Columbia Management expects that, subsequent to the Reorganizations, there may be some portfolio realignment of the Buying Funds (of securities acquired from the Selling Funds). However, Columbia Management expects that any such portfolio realignment will not result in any significant increase in a Buying Fund’s portfolio turnover rate, relative to its historical portfolio turnover rates. Columbia Management also does not expect any incremental trading costs to be significant.
Federal Income Taxes
Please see “Tax Status of the Reorganizations” in the Prospectus/Proxy Statement for a discussion of the tax effects of each Reorganization.
It is each Fund’s policy to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to regulated investment companies, and to distribute all of its investment company taxable income to shareholders. After the Reorganizations, the Buying Funds intend to continue to qualify as regulated investment companies.
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RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund
Seligman New York Municipal Fund
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund
Seligman National Municipal Fund
COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
[—], 2010
This is a brief overview of the reorganization and certain other actions proposed for your fund. We encourage you to read the full text of the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus.
Q: Why am I being asked to vote?
Funds are required to obtain shareholder approval for certain kinds of changes, like the reorganizations proposed in the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus. As a shareholder of one of the above-listed funds, you are being asked to vote on a reorganization involving your fund. In addition, the directors/trustees of those Funds above have nominated candidates for election or re-election as directors/trustees. Shareholders of those funds are entitled to vote in these elections. Certain of the funds listed above are also being asked to vote on an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, of the corporation or trust of which their fund is a series in order to increase the maximum permissible number of directors/trustees from fifteen to twenty so that each of the candidates nominated by the directors/trustees, if elected, can serve on the applicable board of directors/trustees (the “Board”).
Q: What is a fund reorganization?
A fund reorganization involves one fund transferring all of its assets and liabilities to another fund in exchange for shares of such fund. Once completed, shareholders of the selling fund will hold shares of the buying fund.
Q: Is my vote important?
Absolutely! While the Board of each fund listed above has reviewed the proposed reorganizations and, as applicable, the proposed amendments, and recommends that you approve them, these proposals generally cannot go forward without the approval of shareholders. Similarly, while the Boards have nominated candidates for director/trustee, you have the right to vote to elect the directors/trustees that oversee your fund. Until a fund is sure that a quorum has been reached, it will continue to contact shareholders asking them to vote.
Q: On what am I being asked to vote?
Shareholders are being asked to vote on the reorganization (a “Reorganization”) of one or more funds (each a “Selling Fund” and together, the “Selling Funds”) into other corresponding funds (each a “Buying Fund” and together, the “Buying Funds”) as noted in the table below:
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | |
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | |
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | |
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Seligman National Municipal Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund |
If the Reorganization of your Selling Fund is approved by shareholders and the other closing conditions are met, your shares of the Selling Fund will, in effect, be converted into shares of a corresponding class of the corresponding Buying Fund with the same
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aggregate net asset value as that of your Selling Fund shares at the time of the Reorganization. (Selling Funds and Buying Funds are referred to individually or collectively as a “Fund” or the “Funds”) While the aggregate net asset value of your shares will not change as a result of the Reorganization, the number of shares you hold may differ based on each Fund’s net asset value.
Shareholders of each Selling Fund are being asked to vote for the election or re-election of sixteen nominees for election as directors/trustees of those Funds. In addition, shareholders of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund are being asked to vote to amend such Fund’s Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, to increase the maximum number of directors/trustees from fifteen to twenty.
We encourage you to read the full text of the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus to obtain a more detailed understanding of the issues relating to each proposed Reorganization and, as applicable, to the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, and to the election or re-election of nominees as directors/trustees to your Fund’s Board.
Q: Why are the Reorganizations being proposed?
On May 1, 2010, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly known as RiverSource Investments, LLC), the Funds’ investment manager (“Columbia Management”), closed its acquisition of the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, LLC and certain of its affiliated companies from Bank of America, N.A. (the “Transaction”). In connection with the Transaction, Columbia Management became the investment manager of the Columbia-branded funds (the “Columbia Fund Complex”), in addition to the RiverSource-, Seligman- and Threadneedle-branded funds (the “RiverSource Fund Complex” and, together with the Columbia Fund Complex, the “Combined Fund Complex.”)
The proposed Reorganizations are among the reorganizations recommended by Columbia Management following the Transaction. Columbia Management’s overall goal in proposing the Reorganizations is twofold. First, by combining Columbia-, RiverSource-, Seligman- and Threadneedle-branded funds with generally similar investment objectives, strategies and policies, each combined investment portfolio will be larger, which tends to lead to greater efficiency. Second, by streamlining the product offering of the Combined Fund Complex, management, administration, distribution and other resources can be focused more effectively on a smaller group of funds. The Reorganization of each Selling Fund into the corresponding Buying Fund will enable shareholders of each Selling Fund to invest in a larger, potentially more efficient portfolio while continuing to pursue a similar investment strategy.
Q: Will there be any changes to the options or services associated with my account as a result of the Reorganizations?
Account-level features and options such as dividend distributions, dividend diversification, automatic investment plans, systematic withdrawals and dollar cost averaging will automatically carry over from accounts in each Selling Fund to accounts in the corresponding Buying Fund.
Q: Are there costs or tax consequences of the Reorganizations?
You will not pay any sales charge in connection with the Reorganizations. Reorganization costs will be allocated to each Fund only to the extent they are expected to be offset by the anticipated reduction in expenses borne by the Fund’s shareholders during the first year following the Reorganization. Each Reorganization is expected to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, no gain or loss is expected to be recognized by the Selling Fund or its shareholders as a direct result of a Reorganization. A portion, which may be substantial, of the portfolio assets of a Buying or Selling Fund may be sold before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. Such sales will result in such Fund incurring transaction costs and may result in a taxable distribution of gains to shareholders.
Q: If approved, when will the Reorganizations happen?
The Reorganizations will take place as soon as practicable following shareholder approval, and are expected to close before the end of the second quarter of 2011.
Q: Why have the Boards of certain Funds nominated candidates for election to those Boards?
Following the Transaction, described above, the boards of directors/trustees of the RiverSource Fund Complex (the “Columbia RiverSource Board”) and the boards of trustees of the Columbia Fund Complex had ongoing discussions regarding a potential consolidated board of directors/trustees to oversee all or a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. In September 2010, these
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discussions culminated in an agreement between the Columbia RiverSource Board and the current board of trustees of certain of the trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex (the “Columbia Nations Board”) to have a consolidated board of directors/trustees for a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. Specifically, they agreed that the RiverSource Fund Complex and the portion of the Columbia Fund Complex overseen by the Columbia Nations Board should be overseen by a consolidated board of directors/trustees. In this regard, the Columbia Nations Board and the Columbia RiverSource Board each determined that the consolidation would enhance the oversight of a larger fund family and should achieve cost efficiencies for fund shareholders and enhance the oversight of a larger, combined fund family. In order to effect the consolidation, the Governance Committees of the Columbia RiverSource Board, along with the full Board, have nominated individuals listed under Proposal 4 of the combined proxy statement/prospectus for election to the Columbia Nations Board and the Columbia RiverSource Board, each to hold office for an indefinite term. Information about each nominee is set forth in this combined proxy statement/prospectus under Proposal 4.
Q: Why have the Boards of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund proposed an amendment to these Funds’ Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable?
The Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, as applicable, include a provision that limits board size to 15 directors. To accommodate the proposed 16-person boards of directors/trustees described above, each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund’s Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, must be amended to increase the maximum permissible number of directors, which requires shareholder approval.
Q: How does my Board recommend that I vote?
After careful consideration, your Board recommends that you vote FOR the Reorganization of your Selling Fund, FOR the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust of your Fund, if applicable, and FOR each nominee for election as director/trustee of your Fund.
Q: How can I vote?
You can vote in one of four ways:
• | By telephone ([phone number]) |
• | By internet ([internet url]) |
• | By mail (using the enclosed postage prepaid envelope) |
• | In person at the shareholder meeting scheduled to occur in [XXXX location] on [MM/DD/YY] |
The deadline for voting by telephone or internet is [MM/DD/YY]. We encourage you to vote as soon as possible to avoid the cost of additional solicitation efforts. Please refer to the enclosed proxy card for instructions for voting by telephone, internet or mail.
Q: Will I be notified of the results of the vote?
Please check www.columbiamanagement.com for updated information on the proposals described in the enclosed proxy statement/prospectus, including voting results. The final voting results for each proposal also will be included in each Fund’s next report to shareholders following the special shareholder Meeting.
Q: Whom should I call if I have questions?
If you have questions about any of the proposals described in the combined proxy statement/prospectus or about voting procedures, please call the Selling Funds’ proxy solicitor, Computershare Fund Services, toll free at 1.800.708.7953.
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NOTICE OF A JOINT SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
Seligman Municipal Series Trust | RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust | |
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust | |
Seligman Municipal Fund Series, Inc. | RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc. | |
Seligman National Municipal Fund | RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund |
To be held [—], 2011
A Joint Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Meeting”) of each of the Funds listed above (each a “Selling Fund”) will be held at [—] [a.m./p.m.] on [—] 2011, at [—] in the [—] room on the [—] floor. At the Meeting, shareholders will consider the following proposal with respect to their Selling Fund:
1. | To approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Agreement”) by and among RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, on behalf of its RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund series, Seligman Municipal Series Trust, on behalf of its Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund series, Seligman Municipal Fund Series, Inc., on behalf of its Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund series, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust, on behalf of its RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund series, RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund series, Columbia Funds Series Trust I, on behalf of its Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund series, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, pursuant to which each Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the corresponding buying fund, as indicated below (each a “Buying Fund”) in exchange for shares of a corresponding class of the Buying Fund and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. |
Shareholders of each Selling Fund will vote separately on the relevant proposal, as shown below.
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | Proposal # | ||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | 1 | ||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | 1 | ||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | 1 | ||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | 2 | ||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | 2 | ||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | 3 | ||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | 3 |
For shareholders of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund only, approval of the Agreement also will constitute approval of an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc. to provide that RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund be acquired by Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund. |
2. | Each Selling Fund also will vote on nominees for director/trustee. (Proposal 4) |
3. | At the Meeting, shareholders of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund also will vote on proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust and RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc., as applicable. (Proposal 5) |
Shareholders of each Selling Fund will vote on Proposals 4 and 5, as applicable, as a single class with shareholders of each other series, if any, of the corporation or trust of which such Fund is a series. The name of the corporation or trust of which each Selling Fund is a series is indicated in bold at the beginning of this notice.
Please take some time to read the enclosed combined proxy statement/prospectus. It discusses these proposals in more detail. If you were a shareholder on December 17, 2010, you may vote at the Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement of the Meeting. You
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are welcome to attend the Meeting in person. If you cannot attend in person, please vote by mail, telephone or internet. Just follow the instructions on the enclosed proxy card. If you have questions, please call the Selling Funds’ proxy solicitor toll free at 1.800.708.7953. It is important that you vote. The Board of Directors/Trustees of each Selling Fund recommends that you vote FOR its Reorganization and, if applicable, FOR the amendment of such Fund’s Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust and FOR each nominee for director/trustee.
By order of the Boards of Directors/Trustees
Scott R. Plummer, Secretary
[—], 2010
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RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund
Seligman New York Municipal Fund
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund
Seligman National Municipal Fund
COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
Dated [—], 2010
This document is a proxy statement for each Selling Fund (as defined below) and a prospectus for each Buying Fund (as defined below). The address and telephone number of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund is c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, and 800.345.6611. This combined proxy statement/prospectus and the enclosed proxy card were first mailed to shareholders of each Selling Fund beginning on or about January [—], 2011. This combined proxy statement/prospectus contains information you should know before voting on the following proposals with respect to your Selling Fund, as indicated below:
Proposal | To be voted on by shareholders of: | |
1. To approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, on behalf of its RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund series, Seligman Municipal Series Trust, on behalf of its Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund series (each a “Selling Fund”), Columbia Funds Series Trust I, on behalf of its Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund series (a “Buying Fund”), each an open-end registered investment company, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“Columbia Management”). Under the agreement, each Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding class of the Buying Fund (as indicated below) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. | RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund |
Selling Funds | Buying Fund | |||
Class A | g | Class A | ||
Class B | g | Class B | ||
Class C | g | Class C |
2. To approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Seligman Municipal Fund Series, Inc., on behalf of its Seligman New York Municipal Fund series, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust, on behalf of its RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund series (each a “Selling Fund”), Columbia Funds Series Trust I, on behalf of its Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund series (a “Buying Fund”), each an open-end registered investment company, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management. Under the agreement, each Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding class of the Buying Fund (as indicated below) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. | Seligman New York Municipal Fund and RiverSource New York |
Selling Funds | Buying Fund | |||
Class A | g | Class A | ||
Class B | g | Class B | ||
Class C | g | Class C |
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Proposal | To be voted on by shareholders of: | |
3. To approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc., on behalf of its RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund series, Seligman Municipal Fund Series, Inc., on behalf of its Seligman National Municipal Fund series, (each a “Selling Fund”), Columbia Funds Series Trust I, on behalf of its Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund series (a “Buying Fund”), each an open-end registered investment company, certain other registered investment companies and Columbia Management. Under the agreement, each Selling Fund will transfer that portion of its assets attributable to each class of its shares (in aggregate, all of its assets) to the Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding class of the Buying Fund (as indicated below) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. The Buying Fund shares will be distributed proportionately to shareholders of the relevant class of the Selling Fund. | RiverSource Tax- Exempt High Income Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund |
Selling Funds | Buying Fund | |||
Class A | g | Class A | ||
Class B | g | Class B | ||
Class C | g | Class C |
4. To elect nominees as directors/trustees. | RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund, Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, Seligman New York Municipal Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund | |
5. To approve proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust and RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc. | RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund |
The proposals will be considered by shareholders who owned shares of the Selling Funds on December 17, 2010, at a joint special meeting of shareholders (the “Meeting”) that will be held at [—] [[a.m./p.m.]] on [—], 2011, at [—] in the [—] room on the [—] floor. Each of the Selling Funds and the Buying Funds (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) is a registered open-end management investment company (or a series thereof). Please read this combined proxy statement/prospectus and keep it for future reference.
Although the Board of Directors/Trustees (the “Board”) of each Selling Fund* recommends that shareholders approve the reorganization of the Selling Fund into the corresponding Buying Fund (each a “Reorganization”), the Reorganization of each Selling Fund is not conditioned upon the Reorganization of any other Selling Fund. Accordingly, if shareholders of one Selling Fund approve its Reorganization, but shareholders of a second Selling Fund do not approve the second Selling Fund’s Reorganization, it is expected that the Reorganization of the first Selling Fund will take place as described in this combined proxy statement/prospectus. If shareholders of any Selling Fund fail to approve its Reorganization, the Board of such Selling Fund will consider what other actions, if any, may be appropriate.
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With respect to RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust and RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc. Proposal 4 is contingent on Proposal 5 to the extent that if shareholders of any of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust or RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc., as applicable, elect all 16 Nominees but do not approve of the proposed amendment to such Fund’s Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, then nominee William F. Truscott will not continue as a director of such Fund.
With respect to Proposal 4, shareholders of each Selling Fund will vote together as a single class with the shareholders of the other series of the corporation or trust of which that Fund is a series, if any. Thus, if applicable, the outcome of Proposal 5 will depend in part on the votes of shareholders of those other series, which are being solicited separately.
The outcome of Proposal 5 will not be affected by the outcome of any other proposal. However, shareholders of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund will vote together as a single class with the shareholders of the other series of the corporation or trust of which that Fund is a series. Thus, the outcome of Proposal 5 will depend in part on the votes of shareholders of those other series, which are being solicited separately.
* | References to the Board of a Fund refer to the Board of the corporation or trust of which the Fund is a series. |
How Each Reorganization Will Work
• | Each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund in exchange for shares of such Buying Fund (“Reorganization Shares”) and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the Selling Fund’s liabilities. |
• | Each Buying Fund will issue Reorganization Shares with an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate value of the assets that it receives from the corresponding Selling Fund, less the liabilities it assumes from the corresponding Selling Fund. Each class of Reorganization Shares will be distributed to the shareholders of the corresponding class of the Selling Fund in liquidation of the Selling Fund in proportion to their holdings in such class of the Selling Fund. For example, holders of Class A shares of a Selling Fund will receive Class A shares of the corresponding Buying Fund with the same aggregate net asset value as their Selling Fund Class A shares at the time of the Reorganization. You will not pay any sales charge in connection with the receipt or distribution of Reorganization Shares. If you already have a Buying Fund account with exactly the same registration as your Selling Fund account, your Reorganization Shares typically will be added to that account. |
• | Reorganization costs will be allocated to each Fund only to the extent they are expected to be offset by the anticipated reduction in expenses borne by the Fund’s shareholders during the first year following the Reorganization. Each Reorganization is expected to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, no gain or loss is expected to be recognized by the Selling Fund or its shareholders as a direct result of a Reorganization. A portion, which may be substantial, of the portfolio assets of a Selling Fund may be sold before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. Such sales will result in such Fund incurring transaction costs and may result in a taxable distribution of gains to shareholders. |
Where to Get More Information
The following documents have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and are incorporated into this combined proxy statement/prospectus by reference:
• | The Statement of Additional Information of the Buying Funds relating to the Reorganizations (the “Merger SAI”), dated [—], 2010; |
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund
• | the prospectus of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, dated October 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund for the year ended August 31, 2010. |
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Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund
• | the prospectus of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund, dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund for the year ended September 30, 2009, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund for the period ended March 31, 2010; |
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund
• | the prospectus of Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund for the year ended September 30, 2009, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund for the period ended March 31, 2010; |
Seligman New York Municipal Fund
• | the prospectus of Seligman New York Municipal Fund, dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of Seligman New York Municipal Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of Seligman New York Municipal Fund for the year ended September 30, 2009, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of Seligman New York Municipal Fund for the period ended March 31, 2010; |
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund
• | the prospectus of RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, dated October 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund for the year ended August 31, 2010. |
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund
• | the prospectus of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, dated January 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund for the year ended November 30, 2009, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund for the period ended May 31, 2010; |
Seligman National Municipal Fund
• | the prospectus of Seligman National Municipal Fund, dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Statement of Additional Information of Seligman National Municipal Fund dated November 29, 2010, as supplemented to date; |
• | the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to Shareholders of Seligman National Municipal Fund for the year ended September 30, 2009, and the unaudited financial statements included in the Semiannual Report to Shareholders of Seligman National Municipal Fund for the period ended March 31, 2010. |
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For a free copy of any of the documents listed above and/or to ask questions about this combined proxy statement/prospectus, please call your Selling Fund’s proxy solicitor toll free at 1.800.708.7953.
Each of the Funds is subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and files reports, proxy materials and other information with the SEC. These reports, proxy materials and other information can be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room maintained by the SEC. Copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing to the Public Reference Branch of the SEC Office of Consumer Affairs and Information Services, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0102. In addition, copies of these documents may be viewed online or downloaded from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Please note that investments in the Funds are not bank deposits, are not federally insured, are not guaranteed by any bank or government agency and may lose value. There is no assurance that any Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
As with all open-end mutual funds, the SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed on the adequacy of this combined proxy statement/prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Additional Information about each Reorganization | ||||
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Reasons for the Proposed Reorganizations and Board Deliberations | 73 | |||
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Section B — Board Proposals | 78 | |||
Proposal 4. Election of Directors/Trustees | ||||
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Nominees’ Beneficial Ownership of Shares of each Selling Fund | 82 | |||
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83 |
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SECTION A — REORGANIZATION PROPOSALS
The following information describes each proposed Reorganization.
This combined proxy statement/prospectus is being used by each Selling Fund to solicit proxies to vote at a joint special meeting of shareholders. Shareholders of each Selling Fund will consider a proposal to approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Agreement”) providing for the Reorganization of their Selling Fund into the corresponding Buying Fund.
The following is a summary. More complete information appears later in this combined proxy statement/prospectus. You should read the entire combined proxy statement/prospectus and the exhibits because they contain details that are not included in this summary.
How Each Reorganization Will Work
• | Each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund in exchange for Reorganization Shares and the assumption by the corresponding Buying Fund of all of the Selling Fund’s liabilities. |
• | Each Buying Fund will issue Reorganization Shares with an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate value of the assets that it receives from the corresponding Selling Fund, less the liabilities it assumes from the corresponding Selling Fund. Reorganization Shares of each class of each Buying Fund will be distributed to the shareholders of the corresponding class of the corresponding Selling Fund in proportion to their holdings of such class of such Selling Fund. For example, holders of Class A shares of a Selling Fund will receive Class A shares of the corresponding Buying Fund with the same aggregate net asset value as the aggregate net asset value of their Selling Fund Class A shares at the time of the Reorganization. |
• | As part of the Reorganization of your Selling Fund, systematic transactions (such as bank authorizations and systematic payouts) currently set up for your Selling Fund account may be transferred to your new Buying Fund account. Please contact your financial intermediary for additional details. |
• | No shareholders of any Selling Fund will pay any sales charge in connection with acquiring Reorganization Shares. |
• | After a Reorganization is completed, Selling Fund shareholders will be shareholders of the corresponding Buying Fund, and the Selling Fund will be dissolved. |
Each Reorganization is expected to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will not take place unless the Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund receive a satisfactory opinion of tax counsel substantially to the effect that it will be tax-free, as described in more detail in the section entitled “Tax Status of the Reorganizations.” Accordingly, no gain or loss is expected to be recognized by the Selling Fund or its shareholders as a direct result of a Reorganization. A portion, which may be substantial, of the portfolio assets of a Buying Fund or Selling Fund may be sold before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. The actual tax effect of such sales will depend on the difference between the price at which such portfolio assets are sold and the tax basis in such assets of the Fund making the sale. Any capital gains recognized in those sales on a net basis, after reduction by any available capital losses, will be distributed to shareholders as capital gain dividends (to the extent of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses) and/or ordinary dividends (to the extent of net realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term capital losses) during or with respect to the year of sale, and such distributions will be taxable to shareholders. Additionally, because each Reorganization will end the tax year of the applicable Selling Fund, it will accelerate distributions to shareholders from the Selling Fund for its short tax year ending on the date of the Reorganization. Those tax year-end distributions will be taxable, except to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends, and will include any distributable, but not previously distributed, capital gains resulting from portfolio turnover prior to consummation of the Reorganization. At any time prior to a Reorganization, a shareholder may redeem shares of a Selling Fund. This would likely result in the recognition of gain or loss by the shareholder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a shareholder holds Selling Fund shares in a non-taxable account, distributions and redemption proceeds with respect to those shares will not be taxable to the shareholder if those amounts remain in the non-taxable account.
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The Selling Fund shareholders’ aggregate tax basis in the Reorganization Shares is expected to carry over from the shareholders’ Selling Fund shares, and the Selling Fund shareholders’ holding period in the Reorganization Shares is expected to include the shareholders’ holding period in the Selling Fund shares.
For more information about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganizations, see the section entitled “Tax Status of the Reorganizations.”
The following tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of a Fund.
Annual fund operating expense ratios are based on expenses incurred during each Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year, adjusted to reflect current and expected fees, as more fully described below, and are expressed as a percentage (expense ratio) of the Fund’s average net assets during the period. Pro forma expense ratios shown are based on each Fund’s average net assets over the applicable Buying Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year. As of the date of this combined proxy statement/prospectus, each Fund’s net assets may be lower or higher than the Fund’s average net assets over such period. In general, a Fund’s annual operating expense ratios will increase as the Fund’s assets decrease and will decrease as the Fund’s assets increase. Accordingly, each Fund’s annual operating expense ratios, if adjusted based on net assets as of the date of this combined proxy statement/prospectus, could be higher or lower than those shown in the tables below. The commitment by Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“Columbia Management”) and its affiliates to waive fees and/or to reimburse expenses for the Buying Funds noted below may limit the effect that any decrease in such a Buying Fund’s net assets will have on its annual net operating expense ratios in the current fiscal year.
Certain Selling Funds have voluntary fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement arrangements. For more information, see the Selling Funds’ prospectuses.
The fees and expenses below exclude one-time costs of the Reorganization. The costs of each Reorganization expected to be borne by each Fund are set forth in Exhibit A.
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Proposal 1. Fees and Expenses. Reorganization of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund
Current and Pro Forma Fees and Expenses for the Most Recent Fiscal Year
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) | ||||||
Class A | Class C | |||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | |||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 1.00 | % (d) | ||||||||
Class A | Class C | |||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | |||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 1.00 | %(d) | ||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current and Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) |
(a) | This charge may be reduced depending on the total value of your investments in the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Threadneedle- and Seligman-branded funds (the “Combined Fund Complex”). |
(b) | This contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) applies to investors who buy between $1 million and $50 million of Class A shares and redeem them within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(c) | This charge decreases over time. |
(d) | This charge applies to investors who buy Class C shares and redeem them within one year of purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.12 | % | 0.12 | % | 0.12 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.85 | % | 1.60 | % | 1.60 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(3) | (0.06 | %) | (0.06 | %) | (0.06 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.79 | % | 1.54 | % | 1.54 | % |
Class A | Class C | |||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.31 | % | 0.31 | % | ||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.04 | % | 1.79 | % | ||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.25 | %) | (0.25 | %) | ||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.79 | % | 1.54 | % |
Class A | Class C | |||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.28 | % | 0.28 | % | ||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.01 | % | 1.76 | % | ||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.22 | %) | (0.22 | %) | ||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.79 | % | 1.54 | % |
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(5) | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees(6) | 0.24 | % | 0.99 | % | 0.99 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(7) | 0.11 | % | 0.11 | % | 0.11 | % | ||||||
Acquired fund fees and expenses(8) | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.83 | % | 1.58 | % | 1.58 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(9) | (0.03 | %) | (0.03 | %) | (0.03 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.80 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % |
(1) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.41% and an administration fee of 0.07%. |
(2) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010. |
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(3) | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to absorb certain expenses until October 31, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net expenses (excluding interest and fee expenses related to the Fund’s participation in certain inverse floater programs and fees and expenses of acquired funds) will not exceed 0.79% for Class A shares, 1.54% for Class B shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. |
(4) | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to absorb certain expenses until November 30, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net expenses (excluding interest and fee expenses related to the Fund’s participation in certain inverse floater programs and fees and expenses of acquired funds) will not exceed 0.79% for Class A shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. |
(5) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.40% and an administration fee of 0.07%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.86% for Class A shares, 1.61% for Class B shares and 1.61% for Class C shares. |
(6) | The annual service fee may equal up to 0.10% on net assets attributable to shares of the Buying Fund issued prior to December 1, 1994 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for Buying Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.10% and 0.25% rates. |
(7) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010 and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
(8) | Acquired fund fees and expenses include fees and expenses associated with the Buying Fund’s investments in other investment companies and/or pooled investment vehicles. Total annual Fund operating expenses do not match “Net Expenses” in the Buying Fund’s Financial Highlights in Section D below, which does not include, among other things, fees and expenses incurred as a result of investment in shares of certain pooled investment vehicles. |
(9) | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed the following percentages of average daily net assets on an annualized basis: 0.79% for Class A shares, 1.54% for Class B shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until February 28, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
The number of Reorganizations that occur will affect the total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund on a pro forma combined basis after the Reorganizations. The tables below present the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming in each case that (1) certain, but not all, of the Reorganizations are consummated or (2) that all of the Reorganizations are consummated. Specifically, the first table shows the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming the combination of Reorganizations that results in the highest possible total annual Fund operating expenses (the Reorganization of only the Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund), and the second table shows the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming the combination of Reorganizations that results in the lowest possible total annual Fund operating expenses (the Reorganization of all of the Selling Funds).
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.10 | % | 0.10 | % | 0.10 | % | ||||||
Acquired fund fees and expenses(3) | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.83 | % | 1.58 | % | 1.58 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.03 | %) | (0.03 | %) | (0.03 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.80 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | ||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(5) | 0.46 | % | 0.46 | % | 0.46 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % |
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Other expenses(2) | 0.09 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.09 | % | ||||||
Acquired fund fees and expenses(3) | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.81 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.56 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.01 | %) | (0.01 | %) | (0.01 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.80 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % |
(1) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.40% and an administration fee of 0.07%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.86% for Class A shares, 1.61% for Class B shares and 1.61% for Class C shares. |
(2) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010, and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
(3) | Acquired fund fees and expenses include fees and expenses associated with the Buying Fund’s investments in other investment companies and/or pooled investment vehicles. |
(4) | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed the following percentages of average daily net assets on an annualized basis: 0.79% for Class A shares, 1.54% for Class B shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until February 28, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
(5) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.39% and an administration fee of 0.07%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.85% for Class A shares, 1.60% for Class B shares and 1.60% for Class C shares. |
Expense examples: These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in each Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the applicable Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, both under the current arrangements and, for the Buying Fund, assuming completion of the proposed Reorganizations. These examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that each Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example includes any contractual fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement only for the period indicated in the Fund’s Annual Fund Operating Expenses table. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on those assumptions, your costs would be:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 552 | $ | 728 | $ | 919 | $ | 1,473 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 657 | $ | 799 | $ | 1,066 | $ | 1,698 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 257 | $ | 499 | $ | 866 | $ | 1,900 | ||||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 552 | $ | 767 | $ | 1,000 | $ | 1,669 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 257 | $ | 539 | $ | 947 | $ | 2,090 | ||||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 552 | $ | 761 | $ | 987 | $ | 1,638 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 257 | $ | 533 | $ | 935 | $ | 2,060 | ||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 553 | $ | 724 | $ | 911 | $ | 1,449 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 658 | $ | 796 | $ | 1,058 | $ | 1,674 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 258 | $ | 496 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,876 |
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Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 553 | $ | 724 | $ | 911 | $ | 1,449 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 658 | $ | 796 | $ | 1,058 | $ | 1,674 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 258 | $ | 496 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,876 | ||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 553 | $ | 720 | $ | 902 | $ | 1,428 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 658 | $ | 792 | $ | 1,049 | $ | 1,654 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 258 | $ | 492 | $ | 849 | $ | 1,856 |
If you owned or will own any class of shares other than Class B or Class C you would pay the same costs shown in the tables above if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated. If you owned or will own Class B or Class C shares, you would pay the following costs if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated, which may be different than the costs shown in the tables above.
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 157 | $ | 499 | $ | 866 | $ | 1,698 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 157 | $ | 499 | $ | 866 | $ | 1,900 | ||||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class C | $ | 157 | $ | 539 | $ | 947 | $ | 2,090 | ||||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class C | $ | 157 | $ | 533 | $ | 935 | $ | 2,060 | ||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 158 | $ | 496 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,674 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 158 | $ | 496 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,876 | ||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 158 | $ | 496 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,674 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 158 | $ | 496 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,876 | ||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 158 | $ | 492 | $ | 849 | $ | 1,654 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 158 | $ | 492 | $ | 849 | $ | 1,856 |
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Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. Those costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the example expenses, affect a Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was the following percentage of the average value of the Fund’s portfolio:
Fund | Percentage of the Average Value of the Fund’s Portfolio | |||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | 19 | % | ||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | 18 | % | ||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | 21 | % | ||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | 14 | % |
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Proposal 2. Fees and Expenses. Reorganization of each of Seligman New York Municipal Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund
Current and Pro Forma Fees and Expenses for the Most Recent Fiscal Year
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A | Class C | |||||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | |||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the times of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | | 1.00 | % | |||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the times of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current and Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the times of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | % (b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) |
(a) | This charge may be reduced depending on the total value of your investments in the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Threadneedle- and Seligman-branded funds (the “Combined Fund Complex”). |
(b) | This contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) applies to investors who buy between $1 million and $50 million of Class A shares and redeem them within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(c) | This charge decreases over time. |
(d) | This charge applies to investors who buy Class C shares and redeem them within one year of purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Class A | Class C | |||||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.17 | % | 0.17 | % | ||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.90 | % | 1.65 | % | ||||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(3) | (0.11 | %) | (0.11 | %) | ||||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.79 | % | 1.54 | % | ||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.26 | % | 0.26 | % | 0.26 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.99 | % | 1.74 | % | 1.74 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.20 | %) | (0.20 | %) | (0.20 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.79 | % | 1.54 | % | 1.54 | % | ||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(5) | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees(6) | 0.24 | % | 0.99 | % | 0.99 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(7) | 0.28 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.28 | % | ||||||
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(8) | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 1.00 | % | 1.75 | % | 1.75 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(9) | (0.20 | %) | (0.20 | %) | (0.20 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.80 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % |
(1) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.41% and an administration fee of 0.07%. |
(2) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010. |
(3) | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to absorb certain expenses until November 30, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net expenses (excluding interest and fee expenses related to the Fund’s participation in certain inverse floater programs and fees and expenses of acquired funds) will not exceed 0.79% for Class A shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. |
(4) | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to absorb certain expenses until October 31, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net expenses (excluding interest and fee expenses related to the Fund’s participation in certain inverse floater programs and fees and expenses of acquired funds) will not exceed 0.79% for Class A shares, 1.54% for Class B shares and 1.54% Class C shares. |
(5) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.40% and an administration fee of 0.07%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 1.03% for Class A shares, 1.78% for Class B shares and 1.78% for Class C shares. |
(6) | The annual service fee may equal up to 0.10% on net assets attributable to shares of the Buying Fund issued prior to December 1, 1994 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for all Buying Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.10% and 0.25% rates. |
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(7) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010, and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
(8) | Acquired fund fees and expenses include fees and expenses associated with the Buying Fund’s investments in other investment companies and/or pooled investment vehicles. Total annual Fund operating expenses do not match “Net Expenses” in the Buying Fund’s Financial Highlights in Section D below, which does not include, among other things, fees and expenses incurred as a result of investment in shares of certain pooled investment vehicles. |
(9) | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed the following percentages of average daily net assets on an annualized basis: 0.79% for Class A shares, 1.54% for Class B shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until February 28, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
The number of Reorganizations that occur will affect the total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund on a pro forma combined basis after the Reorganizations. The tables below present the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming in each case that certain, but not all, of the Reorganizations are consummated. Specifically, the first table shows the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming the combination of Reorganizations that results in the highest possible total annual Fund operating expenses (the Reorganization of only the Seligman New York Municipal Fund), the second table shows the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming the combination of Reorganizations that results in the lowest possible total annual Fund operating expenses (the Reorganization of all of the Selling Funds).
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma - Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.24 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.24 | % | ||||||
Acquired fund fees and expenses(3) | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.97 | % | 1.72 | % | 1.72 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.17 | %) | (0.17 | %) | (0.17 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.80 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | ||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(5) | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.20 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.20 | % | ||||||
Acquired fund fees and expenses(3) | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.93 | % | 1.68 | % | 1.68 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(4) | (0.13 | %) | (0.13 | %) | (0.13 | %) | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.80 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % |
(1) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.40% and an administration fee of 0.07%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 1.00% for Class A shares, 1.75% for Class B shares and 1.75% for Class C shares. |
(2) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010, and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
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(3) | Acquired fund fees and expenses include fees and expenses associated with the Buying Fund’s investments in other investment companies and/or pooled investment vehicles. |
(4) | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed the following percentages of average daily net assets on an annualized basis: 0.79% for Class A shares, 1.54% for Class B shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until February 28, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
(5) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.40% and an administration fee of 0.07%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.50% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.96% for Class A shares, 1.71% for Class B shares and 1.71% for Class C shares. |
Expense examples: These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in each Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the applicable Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, both under the current arrangements and, for the Buying Fund, assuming completion of the proposed Reorganizations. These examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that each Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example includes any contractual fee waiver/expense cap (reimbursement) arrangement only for the period indicated in the Fund’s Annual Fund Operating Expenses table. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on those assumptions your costs would be:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 552 | $ | 738 | $ | 940 | $ | 1,525 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 257 | $ | 610 | $ | 988 | $ | 2,050 | ||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 552 | $ | 757 | $ | 978 | $ | 1,617 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 657 | $ | 829 | $ | 1,126 | $ | 1,841 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 257 | $ | 529 | $ | 926 | $ | 2,040 | ||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 553 | $ | 759 | $ | 983 | $ | 1,624 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 658 | $ | 832 | $ | 1,130 | $ | 1,847 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 258 | $ | 532 | $ | 930 | $ | 2,046 |
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1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma - Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 553 | $ | 753 | $ | 970 | $ | 1,593 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 658 | $ | 825 | $ | 1,117 | $ | 1,817 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 258 | $ | 525 | $ | 917 | $ | 2,016 | ||||||||
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma - Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 553 | $ | 745 | $ | 953 | $ | 1,552 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 658 | $ | 817 | $ | 1,100 | $ | 1,776 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 258 | $ | 517 | $ | 900 | $ | 1,976 |
If you owned or will own any class of shares other than Class B or Class C you would pay the same costs shown in the tables above if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated. If you owned or will own Class B or Class C shares, you would pay the following costs if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated, which may be different than the costs shown in the tables above.
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class C | $ | 157 | $ | 510 | $ | 888 | $ | 1,950 | ||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 157 | $ | 529 | $ | 926 | $ | 1,841 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 157 | $ | 529 | $ | 926 | $ | 2,040 | ||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 158 | $ | 532 | $ | 930 | $ | 1,847 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 158 | $ | 532 | $ | 930 | $ | 2,046 | ||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma - Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 158 | $ | 525 | $ | 917 | $ | 1,817 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 158 | $ | 525 | $ | 917 | $ | 2,016 | ||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma - Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 158 | $ | 517 | $ | 900 | $ | 1,776 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 158 | $ | 517 | $ | 900 | $ | 1,976 |
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Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. Those costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example expenses, affect a Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was the following percentage of the average value of the Fund’s portfolio:
Fund | Percentage of the Average Value of the Fund’s Portfolio | |||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | 18 | % | ||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | 12 | % | ||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | 20 | % |
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Proposal 3. Fees and Expenses. Reorganization of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
If the Reorganizations occur, certain Reorganization expenses, as described in Exhibit A, will be allocated to each Selling Fund, which will reduce such Selling Fund’s net asset value prior to the closing of the Reorganizations (by less than $0.01 per share based on each Selling Fund’s shares outstanding as of September 30, 2010).
Current and Pro Forma Fees and Expenses for the Most Recent Fiscal Year
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) | ||||||
Class A | Class C | |||||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | %(a) | N/A | |||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 1.00 | %(d) | ||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Current and Pro Forma) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 4.75 | (a) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales (as a percentage of net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower) | 1.00 | %(b) | 5.00 | %(c) | 1.00 | %(d) |
(a) | This charge may be reduced depending on the total value of your investments in the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Threadneedle- and Seligman-branded funds (the “Combined Fund Complex”). |
(b) | This contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) applies to investors who buy between $1 million and $50 million of Class A shares and redeem them within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
(c) | This charge decreases over time. |
(d) | This charge applies to investors who buy Class C shares and redeem them within one year of purchase, with certain limited exceptions. |
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.52 | % | 0.52 | % | 0.52 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.08 | % | 0.08 | % | 0.08 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.85 | % | 1.60 | % | 1.60 | % | ||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(3) | (0.08 | )% | (0.08 | )% | (0.08 | )% | ||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.77 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.52 | % | ||||||
Class A | Class C | |||||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(4) | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.25 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.10 | % | 0.10 | % | ||||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses | 0.83 | % | 1.58 | % | ||||||||
Fee waiver/expense reimbursement(5) | (0.04 | %) | (0.04 | %) | ||||||||
Net annual Fund operating expenses | 0.79 | % | 1.54 | % | ||||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(6) | 0.45 | % | 0.45 | % | 0.45 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.20 | % | 0.95 | % | 0.95 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(7) | 0.11 | % | 0.11 | % | 0.11 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(8) | 0.76 | % | 1.51 | % | 1.51 | % |
(1) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.45% and an administration fee of 0.07%. |
(2) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010. |
(3) | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to absorb certain expenses until November 30, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net fund expenses (excluding fees and expenses of acquired funds) will not exceed 0.77% for Class A shares, 1.52% for Class B shares and 1.52% for Class C shares. |
(4) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.41% and an administration fee of 0.07%. |
(5) | Columbia Management and its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive certain fees and to absorb certain expenses until November 30, 2011. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. Any amounts waived will not be reimbursed by the Fund. Under this agreement, net fund expenses (excluding fees and expenses of acquired funds) will not exceed 0.79% for Class A shares and 1.54% for Class C shares. |
(6) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.39% and an administration fee of 0.06%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.49% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.80% for Class A shares, 1.55% for Class B shares, 1.55% and for Class C shares. |
(7) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010, and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
(8) | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed, on an annualized basis 0.76% for Class A shares, 1.51% for Class B shares, and 1.51% for Class C shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until March 31, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
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The number of Reorganizations that occur will affect the total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund on a pro forma combined basis after the Reorganizations. The tables below present the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming in each case that (1) certain, but not all, of the Reorganizations are consummated or (2) that all of the Reorganizations are consummated. Specifically, the first table shows the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming the combination of Reorganizations that results in the highest possible total annual Fund operating expenses (the Reorganization of only the Seligman National Municipal Fund), the second table shows the pro forma combined total annual Fund operating expenses of the Buying Fund assuming the combination of Reorganizations that results in the lowest possible total annual Fund operating expenses (the Reorganization of all of the Selling Funds).
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(1) | 0.45 | % | 0.45 | % | 0.45 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.20 | % | 0.95 | % | 0.95 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.11 | % | 0.11 | % | 0.11 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(3) | 0.76 | % | 1.51 | % | 1.51 | % | ||||||
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Management fees(4) | 0.42 | % | 0.42 | % | 0.42 | % | ||||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees | 0.20 | % | 0.95 | % | 0.95 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(2) | 0.10 | % | 0.10 | % | 0.10 | % | ||||||
Total annual Fund operating expenses(3) | 0.72 | % | 1.47 | % | 1.47 | % |
(1) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.39% and an administration fee of 0.06%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would have been 0.46% (composed solely of an investment management services fee), and Total annual Fund operating expenses would have been 0.77% for Class A shares, 1.52% for Class B shares and 1.52% for Class C shares. |
(2) | Other expenses have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual transfer agency fee rates, effective September 4, 2010, and other changes to contractual fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
(3) | Columbia Management has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Buying Fund’s expenses so that Total annual Fund operating expenses (excluding any brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and any acquired fund fees and expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Buying Fund’s custodian, do not exceed, on an annualized basis, 0.76% for Class A Shares, 1.51% for Class B shares and 1.51% for Class C shares. The reimbursement arrangement shall continue in effect until March 31, 2012. These fee and expense arrangements may only be modified or amended with approval from all parties to such arrangements, including the Fund and Columbia Management. |
(4) | Management fees are composed of an investment management services fee of 0.36% and an administration fee of 0.06%. Management fees have been adjusted to reflect changes in contractual investment management services fee rates expected to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. If the changes were not reflected, Management fees shown would be 0.46% (composed solely of an investment management services fee) and Total annual Fund operating expenses would be 0.76% for Class A shares, 1.51% for Class B shares and 1.51% for and Class C shares. |
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Expense examples: These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in each Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the applicable Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, both under the current arrangements and, for the Buying Fund, assuming completion of the proposed Reorganizations. These examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that each Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example includes any contractual fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement only for the period indicated in the Fund’s Annual Fund Operating Expenses table. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on those assumptions, your costs would be:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 550 | $ | 726 | $ | 917 | $ | 1,471 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 655 | $ | 797 | $ | 1,064 | $ | 1,696 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 255 | $ | 497 | $ | 864 | $ | 1,899 | ||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 552 | $ | 724 | $ | 911 | $ | 1,452 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 257 | $ | 495 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,880 | ||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 648 | $ | 804 | $ | 973 | $ | 1,463 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 654 | $ | 777 | $ | 1,024 | $ | 1,599 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 254 | $ | 477 | $ | 824 | $ | 1,802 | ||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 648 | $ | 804 | $ | 973 | $ | 1,463 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 654 | $ | 777 | $ | 1,024 | $ | 1,599 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 254 | $ | 477 | $ | 824 | $ | 1,802 | ||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 644 | $ | 792 | $ | 953 | $ | 1,418 | ||||||||
Class B | $ | 650 | $ | 765 | $ | 1,003 | $ | 1,554 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 250 | $ | 465 | $ | 803 | $ | 1,757 |
If you owned or will own any class of shares other than Class B or Class C you would pay the same costs shown in the tables above if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated. If you owned or will own Class B or Class C shares, you would pay the following costs if you did not redeem your shares at the end of the periods indicated, which may be different than the costs shown in the tables above.
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 155 | $ | 497 | $ | 864 | $ | 1,696 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 155 | $ | 497 | $ | 864 | $ | 1,899 | ||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Current) (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class C | $ | 157 | $ | 495 | $ | 858 | $ | 1,880 |
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1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 154 | $ | 477 | $ | 824 | $ | 1,599 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 154 | $ | 477 | $ | 824 | $ | 1,802 | ||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Highest) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 154 | $ | 477 | $ | 824 | $ | 1,599 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 154 | $ | 477 | $ | 824 | $ | 1,802 | ||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma – Lowest/All Reorganizations) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class B | $ | 150 | $ | 465 | $ | 803 | $ | 1,554 | ||||||||
Class C | $ | 150 | $ | 465 | $ | 803 | $ | 1,757 |
Portfolio Turnover. Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. Those costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the example expenses, affect a Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was the following percentage of the average value of the Fund’s portfolio:
Fund | Percentage of the Average Value of the Fund’s Portfolio | |||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | 30 | % | ||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | 20 | % | ||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | 12 | % |
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Proposal 1. Comparison of Objectives, Strategies and Risks. Reorganization of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund
Comparison of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund
All of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund:
• | Have Columbia Management as investment manager. |
• | Have the same policies for buying and selling shares and the same exchange rights. Please see Exhibit C for a description of these policies for the Buying Fund. |
• | Are structured as a series of an open-end management investment company. Each of the Funds is organized as a series of a Massachusetts business trust. Please see Exhibit D to this combined proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding the differences between the rights of shareholders of the Buying Fund and shareholders of each Selling Fund. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives
The investment objectives of the Funds are as follows:
Selling Fund: The RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a high level of income generally exempt form federal income tax as well as from California state and local tax.
Selling Fund: Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund seeks the maximum income exempt from regular federal income taxes and from the personal income taxes of California consistent with preservation of capital and with consideration given to capital gain.
Selling Fund: Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund seeks high income exempt from regular federal income taxes and from the personal income taxes of California consistent with preservation of capital and with consideration given to capital gain.
Buying Fund: The Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund seeks total return, consisting of current income exempt from federal income tax and California individual income tax and of capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal.
Because any investment involves risk, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The investment objectives of each of the Selling Funds may be changed only with shareholder approval, while the investment objective of the Buying Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies
Each of the Funds normally invests 80% of its net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (and, in the case of the Buying Fund, from the federal alternative minimum tax) and California individual income tax. The Buying Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets and the RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in below investment grade securities, while Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund will invest only in investment grade securities and Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund is not similarly constrained.
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Additional information regarding the principal investment strategies of each Fund is set forth below:
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt | Seligman California Municipal High- Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal Quality | Columbia California Tax-Exempt | |||
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal obligations that are generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from California state and local income tax. | The Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in California municipal securities that are within any rating category, including securities rated below investment-grade or securities that are not rated. Such securities include those issued by the State, local governments thereof, each of their agencies and authorities, as well as territories and possessions of the United States, and the District of Columbia, provided that such securities pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income taxes and regular personal income taxes in the State of California. | The Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in California municipal securities that are within the three highest ratings of Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) (Aaa, Aa, or A) or Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (S&P) (AAA, AA, or A) on the date of purchase. Such securities include those issued by the State, local governments thereof, each of their agencies and authorities, as well as territories and possessions of the United States, and the District of Columbia, provided that such securities pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income taxes and regular personal income taxes in the State of California. | Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal bonds that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) and California individual income tax. These securities are issued by the State of California and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and by other qualified issuers. | |||
The Fund’s 80% policy may not be changed without shareholder approval. | The Fund will not, under normal market conditions, invest less than 80% of its net assets in securities the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax and regular, personal income tax of its designated state, and temporary investments in taxable securities will be limited to 20% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. | The Fund will not, under normal market conditions, invest less than 80% of its net assets in securities the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax and regular, personal income tax of its designated state, and temporary investments in taxable securities will be limited to 20% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. | The Fund’s 80% policy may not be changed without shareholder approval. | |||
The Fund also may invest up to 20% of its net assets in debt obligations whose interest is subject to the alternative minimum tax. | Income may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and, where applicable, state alternative minimum tax. | Income may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and, where applicable, state alternative minimum tax. | The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in securities that pay interest subject to taxation. | |||
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in longer maturity bonds (typically, bonds with maturities in excess of ten years). However, the Fund may shorten or lengthen maturities to achieve its objective. | Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in longer maturity bonds (typically, bonds with maturities in excess of ten years). However, the Fund may shorten or lengthen maturities to achieve its objective. | The Fund may invest in bonds of any maturity. | ||||
The Fund may invest more than 25% of its total assets in a particular segment of the municipal securities market or in industrial revenue bonds. | The Fund invests in revenue bonds. | The Fund invests in revenue bonds. |
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RiverSource California Tax-Exempt | Seligman California Municipal High- Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal Quality | Columbia California Tax-Exempt | |||
Additionally, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in lower-quality bonds (junk bonds). | The Fund will purchase only investment-grade municipal securities, defined as those issues rated in the four highest rating categories by independent rating agencies at the time of purchase by a Fund. The Fund may also purchase non-rated securities if, based on credit analysis, Columbia Management believes that they are of comparable quality to investment-grade securities. | The Fund primarily invests in municipal securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality. The Fund also may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” | ||||
Columbia Management may use derivatives such as inverse variable or floating rate securities, in an effort to produce incremental earnings. | Columbia Management may use derivatives such as futures, options, forward contracts and swaps, including credit default swaps, structured notes, including inverse floaters, in an effort to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, to increase market exposure and investment flexibility, or to obtain or reduce credit exposure. | Columbia Management may use derivatives such as futures, options, forward contracts and swaps, including credit default swaps, structured notes, including inverse floaters, in an effort to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, to increase market exposure and investment flexibility, or to obtain or reduce credit exposure. | The Fund may invest in derivatives, including futures, forwards, options, swap contracts, inverse floaters and other derivative instruments. The Fund may invest in derivatives for both hedging and non-hedging purposes, including, for example, to seek to enhance returns or as a substitute for a position in an underlying asset. | |||
The Fund is a nondiversified mutual fund. | Although not stated in its principal investment strategies, the Fund is non-diversified. | Although not stated in its principal investment strategies, the Fund is non-diversified. | Although not stated in its principal investment strategies, the Fund is diversified; however, the Board of the Fund has approved a change in the Fund’s policy that would make it non-diversified, which will be effective prior to the Reorganization, subject to shareholder approval. | |||
The Fund may also invest in zero coupon bonds. |
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Buying Fund Investment Style
A description of the investment style of the Buying Fund is set forth below:
Columbia Management evaluates a number of factors in identifying investment opportunities and constructing the Buying Fund’s portfolio. Columbia Management considers local, national and global economic conditions, market conditions, interest rate movements, and other relevant factors to determine the allocation of the Buying Fund’s assets among different issuers, industry sectors and maturities.
Columbia Management, in connection with selecting individual investments for the Buying Fund, evaluates a security based on its potential to generate income and capital appreciation. Columbia Management considers, among other factors, the creditworthiness of the issuer of the security and the various features of the security, such as its interest rate, yield, maturity, any call features and value relative to other securities.
Columbia Management may sell a security when the security’s price reaches a target; if Columbia Management believes that there has been deterioration in the issuer’s financial circumstances or fundamental prospects, or that other investments are more attractive; or for other reasons.
Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [·].
Comparison of Fundamental Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the fundamental investment policies of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the fundamental investment policies of each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund result in any material difference in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed, except that the Buying Fund is currently diversified, while the Selling Funds are non-diversified, and therefore each Selling Fund may invest its assets in the securities of fewer issuers than can the Buying Fund (although the Board of the Buying Fund has approved a change in the Buying Fund’s policy that would make it non-diversified, which will be effective prior to the Reorganization, subject to shareholder approval. A “fundamental” investment policy is one that may not be changed without a shareholder vote.
The Funds’ fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource California Tax- Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal | Seligman California Municipal | Columbia California Tax- Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||
Commodities | The Fund will not buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from buying or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from, physical commodities. | The Fund will not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, including futures contracts. | The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts. |
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Policy | RiverSource California Tax- Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia California Tax- Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||
Lending | The Fund will not lend securities or participate in an interfund lending program if the total of all such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets except this fundamental investment policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund will not make loans, except to the extent that the purchase of notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness or deposits with banks may be considered loans. | The Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||||
Underwriting | The Fund will not act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them. | The Fund may not underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies. |
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Policy | RiverSource California Tax- Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia California Tax- Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||
Real Estate | The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real estate limited partnerships. | The Fund will not purchase or hold any real estate, except that a fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by persons (other than real estate investment trusts) which deal in real estate or interests therein. | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein. | |||||
Borrowing / Issuing Senior Securities / Buying on Margin / Selling Short | The Fund will not borrow money, except for temporary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) immediately after the borrowings.
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | The Fund will not borrow money, except from banks for temporary purposes (such as meeting redemption requests or for extraordinary or emergency purposes) in an amount not to exceed 10% of the value of its total assets at the time the borrowing is made (not including the amount borrowed). The Fund will not purchase additional portfolio securities if the Fund has outstanding borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets.
The Fund will not write or purchase put, call, straddle or spread options; purchase securities on margin or sell “short”; or underwrite the securities of other issuers. A fund may be deemed an underwriter in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. | The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||||
Diversification | The Fund is non-diversified. | The Fund will not, as to 50% of the value of its total assets, purchase securities of any issuer if immediately thereafter more than 5% of total assets at market value would be invested in the securities of any issuer (except that this limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities). | The Fund is currently diversified, although the Board of the Fund has approved a change in the Fund’s policy that would make it non-diversified, which will be effective prior to the Reorganization, subject to shareholder approval. |
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Policy | RiverSource California Tax- Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia California Tax- Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||
Industry Concentration | Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (including the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in municipal obligations that are generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from California state and local income tax | The Fund will not invest more than 25% of total assets, at market value, in any one industry; except that municipal securities and securities of the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities are not considered an industry for purposes of this limitation. | The Fund may not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||||
Investments in Securities of Other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund will not invest in securities issued by other investment companies, except in connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization, or for the purpose of hedging a fund’s obligations under its deferred compensation plan for directors/trustees. | No stated policy. |
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Policy | RiverSource California Tax- Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal | Seligman California Municipal | Columbia California Tax- Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||
Dealings with Directors and Officers | No stated policy. | The Fund will not purchase or hold the securities of any issuer, if to its knowledge, directors/trustees or officers of a fund individually owning beneficially more than 0.5% of the securities of that issuer own in the aggregate more than 5% of such securities. | No stated policy. | |||||
Mortgaging and Pledging | No stated policy. | The Fund will not mortgage or pledge any of its assets, except to secure permitted borrowings noted above. | No stated policy. |
Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Non-Fundamental Policies
If the Reorganizations occur, the combined Fund will be subject to the non-fundamental investment policies (policies that may be changed without a shareholder vote) of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the non-fundamental policies of the Funds result in any material differences in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed.
The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource California Tax- Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal | Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia California Tax- Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||
Illiquid securities | No more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets will be held in securities and other instruments that are illiquid. | The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. | ||||||
Sell securities short | No stated policy. | The Fund may not sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. |
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Policy | RiverSource California Tax- Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman California Municipal | Seligman California Municipal | Columbia California Tax- Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||
Investment in other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. |
Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided below.
Although the Funds describe them somewhat differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Buying Fund and the Selling Funds are generally similar because the Funds have similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and investment policies. The actual risks of investing in each Fund depend on the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio and on market conditions, both of which change over time. The Buying Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Similarities and material differences between the Buying Fund’s principal risks and those of the Selling Funds are also described below.
• | Investment Strategy Risk – Columbia Management uses the principal investment strategies and other investment strategies to seek to achieve the Buying Fund’s investment objective. There is no assurance that the Buying Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investment decisions made by Columbia Management in using these strategies may not produce the returns expected by Columbia Management, may cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or may cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Market Risk – Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities that the Buying Fund holds will rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Security values may fall because of factors affecting individual companies, industries or sectors, or the markets as a whole, reducing the value of an investment in the |
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Buying Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Buying Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The market values of the securities the Buying Fund holds also can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, equity securities tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | State-Specific Municipal Securities Risk – Securities issued by a particular state or other related issuers such as its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities or instrumentalities are subject to the risk of unfavorable developments in such state. The value of Fund shares may be more volatile than the value of shares of funds that invest in municipal securities of issuers in more than one state, as unfavorable developments have the potential to impact the Buying Fund more significantly than funds that invest in municipal securities of more than one state. The value of a municipal security can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, demographic or political changes as well as changes in the financial or economic condition and prospects of the state or other related issuer. |
Since the Buying Fund invests in California municipal securities, the value of the Buying Fund’s shares may be especially affected by factors pertaining to the economy of California and other factors specifically impacting the ability of issuers of California municipal securities to meet their obligations. California is in a severe economic recession. Personal income has been declining in California for some time. Taxable sales and the assessed value of property have both fallen sharply in California. In addition, California’s unemployment rate has seen steady increases. California’s Governor and Legislature have taken various actions designed to address these conditions, including, but not limited to, revenue building and cost cutting programs and the issuance of additional debt. There can be no assurances, however, that the financial condition of California will not be further materially adversely affected by actual conditions or circumstances, including, but not limited to, lower than expected revenues or higher than expected expenditures. Such factors may affect the ability of the state or other related issuer to pay its obligations. The Statement of Additional Information provides additional detail about risks specific to California municipal securities, which investors should carefully consider. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk.
• | Municipal Securities Risk – Municipal securities are debt obligations generally issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including general financing for state and local governments, or financing for a specific project or public facility. Municipal securities may be fully or partially backed by the taxing authority of the local government, by the credit of a private issuer, by the current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or by domestic or foreign entities providing credit support, such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance, and are generally classified into general obligation bonds and special revenue obligations. General obligation bonds are backed by an issuer’s taxing authority and may be vulnerable to limits on a government’s power or ability to raise revenue or increase taxes. They may also depend for payment on legislative appropriation and/or funding or other support from other governmental bodies. Revenue obligations are payable from revenues generated by a particular project or other revenue source, and are typically subject to greater risk of default than general obligation bonds because investors can look only to the revenue generated by the project or other revenue source backing the project, rather than to the general taxing authority of the state or local government issuer of the obligations. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance projects in sectors such as education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. Municipal securities pay interest that, in the opinion of bond counsel, is free from U.S. federal income tax (and, in some cases, the federal alternative minimum tax). There is no assurance that the IRS will agree with this opinion. In the event the IRS determines that the issuer does not comply with relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued, and the value of the security would likely fall. As a shareholder of the Buying Fund, you may be required to file an amended tax return and pay additional taxes as a result. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this risk. |
• | Interest Rate Risk – Debt securities are subject to interest rate risk. In general, if prevailing interest rates rise, the values of debt securities will tend to fall, and if interest rates fall, the values of debt securities will tend to rise. Changes in the value of a debt security usually will not affect the amount of income the Buying Fund receives from it but may affect the value of the Buying Fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for debt securities with longer maturities/durations. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Credit Risk – Credit risk applies to most debt securities, but is generally not a factor for obligations backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. The Buying Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt security is unable or perceived to be unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Various factors |
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could affect the issuer’s actual or perceived willingness or ability to make timely interest or principal payments, including changes in the issuer’s financial condition or in general economic conditions. Debt securities backed by an issuer’s taxing authority may be subject to legal limits on the issuer’s power to increase taxes or otherwise to raise revenue, or may be dependent on legislative appropriation or government aid. Certain debt securities are backed only by revenues derived from a particular project or source, rather than by an issuer’s taxing authority, and thus may have a greater risk of default. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Changing Distribution Levels Risk – The amount of the distributions paid by the Buying Fund generally depends on the amount of interest and/or dividends received by the Buying Fund on the securities it holds. The Buying Fund may not be able to pay distributions or may have to reduce its distribution level if the interest and/or dividends the Buying Fund receives from its investments decline. While not a principal risk, each Selling Fund is also subject to this risk. |
• | Derivatives Risk – Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are, for example, based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or bond), assets (such as a commodity like gold or a foreign currency), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses or may limit the Buying Fund’s potential gain from favorable market movements. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Buying Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had it invested in the underlying security. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility, among other consequences. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Other risks arise from the Buying Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Buying Fund’s derivative positions at times when the Buying Fund might wish to terminate or sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risks of mispricing or improper valuation and that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Buying Fund also may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to engage in derivative transactions when it is deemed favorable to do so, or at all. For more information on the risks of derivative investments and strategies, see the Merger SAI. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Low and Below Investment Grade Securities Risk – Debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch) or that are below investment grade (which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) (e.g., BB or below by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch) are more speculative than securities with higher ratings, and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy, which is more likely to weaken the ability of the issuers to make principal and interest payments on these securities than is the case for higher-rated securities. These securities typically pay a premium – a higher interest rate or yield – because of the increased risk of loss, including default. These securities also are generally less liquid than higher rated securities. The securities ratings provided by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch are based on analyses by these ratings agencies of the credit quality of the securities and may not take into account every risk related to whether interest or principal will be timely repaid. Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund are also subject to this principal risk. Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund is not subject to low and below investment grade securities risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investments, if any, in low and below investment grade securities. |
• | Reinvestment Risk – Income from the Buying Fund’s debt securities portfolio will decline if and when the Buying Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called securities in securities with market interest rates that are below the current earnings rate of the Buying Fund’s portfolio. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this Principal Risk. |
• | Zero-Coupon Bonds Risk – Zero-coupon bonds are bonds that do not pay interest in cash on a current basis, but instead accrue interest over the life of the bond. As a result, these securities are issued at a discount and their values may fluctuate more than the values of similar securities that pay interest periodically. Although these securities pay no interest to holders prior to maturity, interest accrued on these securities is reported as income to the Buying Fund and distributed to its shareholders. The Selling Funds are not subject to zero-coupon bonds risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of their investments, if any, in zero-coupon bonds. |
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The following bar charts and tables provide some illustration of the risks of investing in the Funds by showing, respectively:
• | how each Fund’s performance has varied for each full calendar year shown in the bar chart; and |
• | how each Fund’s average annual total returns compare to certain measures of market performance shown in the table. |
Both the bar chart and the table assume that all distributions have been reinvested. The performance of different classes varies because of differences in sales charges and other fees and expenses. How a Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. The performance shown reflects any fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements in effect for the periods reported. In the absence of such fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements, the performance shown would have been lower.
Bar Charts. Class A share information is shown in the bar charts; the sales charge for Class A shares is not reflected in the bar charts.
Tables. The tables below show total returns from hypothetical investments in the indicated classes of shares of each Fund. The returns shown are compared to measures of market performance shown for the same periods. The performance calculations in the tables assume:
• | the maximum applicable sales charge for Class A shares; |
• | sales at the end of the indicated period and deduction of the applicable CDSC for Class B and Class C shares; |
• | except as noted for Class A shares, no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on reinvested income and capital gains. |
Indices are not available for investment, and do not reflect sales charges, fees, brokerage commissions, taxes or other expenses of investing.
After-Tax Returns
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A shares. After-tax returns for the other share classes will vary. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the effect of foreign, state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and most likely will differ from the returns shown in the table. If you hold your shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, the after-tax returns do not apply to you because you will not incur taxes until you begin to withdraw from your account.
The return after taxes on distributions for a period may be the same as the return before taxes for the same period if there were no distributions or if the distributions were small. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for a period may be greater than the return before taxes for the same period if there was a tax loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (because it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return.
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+12.92% | +3.29 | % | +7.29 | % | +4.14 | % | +4.47 | % | +3.78 | % | +4.66 | % | +0.97 | % | -7.35 | % | +15.88 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
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During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +10.85% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -4.33% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares’ year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +7.92%.
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+14.39% | +4.60 | % | +7.02 | % | +4.63 | % | +4.90 | % | +3.94 | % | +4.64 | % | +3.38 | % | -4.62 | % | +11.84 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +9.27% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -3.52% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of Class C shares may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares’ year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +8.54%.
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+16.25% | +4.33 | % | +7.16 | % | +4.02 | % | +4.20 | % | +3.08 | % | +3.16 | % | +2.92 | % | -2.67 | % | +10.76 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +7.85% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -3.73% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of Class C shares may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +6.38%.
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Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+15.39% | +3.46% | +8.58% | +5.10% | +4.51% | +3.84% | +4.84% | +1.97% | -6.24% | +13.79% | |||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +10.08% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -4.07% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +9.04%.
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 Years | Since Inception (Class C) (6/26/2000) | |||||||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund): | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +10.38 | % | +2.32 | % | +4.32 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +10.38 | % | +2.26 | % | +4.10 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +8.39 | % | +2.54 | % | +4.16 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +9.79 | % | +2.16 | % | +4.02 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.76 | % | +2.54 | % | N/A | +3.75 | % | |||||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond California 2 Plus Year Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.79 | % | +3.93 | % | +5.70 | % | +5.44 | % | ||||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | +5.60 | % | ||||||||
Lipper California Municipal Debt Funds Index | +17.67 | % | +2.98 | % | +4.85 | % | +4.61 | % |
(1) | Measurement period started June 26, 2000. |
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year(1) | 5 years(1) | 10 years(1) | ||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +6.51 | % | +2.69 | % | +4.84 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +6.30 | % | +2.65 | % | +4.78 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +6.07 | % | +2.89 | % | +4.79 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +10.11 | % | +2.82 | % | +4.44 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | ||||||
Lipper California Municipal Debt Funds Index | +17.67 | % | +2.98 | % | +4.85 | % |
(1) | Effective Jan. 7, 2008 through June 13, 2009, the maximum initial sales charge on investments in Class A shares of less than $100,000 was 4.50%. Although for all periods presented in the table the Fund’s Class A share returns reflect the 4.75% maximum initial sales charge, the actual returns for Class A shares purchased from Jan. 7, 2008 through June 13, 2009 would have been higher if a 4.50% maximum initial sales charge then in effect was reflected. Effective June 4, 2007, there is no initial sales charge on purchases of Class C shares. Although for all periods presented the Fund’s Class C share returns do not reflect an initial sales charge, the actual returns for periods prior to June 4, 2007 would have been lower if a 1.00% maximum initial sales charge then in effect was reflected. |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year(1) | 5 years(1) | 10 years(1) | ||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +5.56 | % | +2.36 | % | +4.69 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +5.43 | % | +2.28 | % | +4.61 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +5.26 | % | +2.58 | % | +4.63 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +9.08 | % | +2.50 | % | +4.30 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | ||||||
Lipper California Municipal Debt Funds Index | +17.67 | % | +2.98 | % | +4.85 | % |
(1) | Effective Jan. 7, 2008 through June 13, 2009, the maximum initial sales charge on investments in Class A shares of less than $100,000 was 4.50%. Although for all periods presented in the table the Fund’s Class A share returns reflect the 4.75% maximum initial sales charge, the actual returns for Class A shares purchased from Jan. 7, 2008 through June 13, 2009 would have been higher if a 4.50% maximum initial sales charge then in effect was reflected. Effective June 4, 2007, there is no initial sales charge on purchases of Class C shares. Although for all periods presented the Fund’s Class C share returns do not reflect an initial sales charge, the actual returns for periods prior to June 4, 2007 would have been lower if a 1.00% maximum initial sales charge then in effect was reflected. |
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +8.38 | % | +2.40 | % | +4.83 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +8.33 | % | +2.34 | % | +4.71 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +7.08 | % | +2.62 | % | +4.74 | % | ||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +7.95 | % | +2.29 | % | +4.56 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +12.28 | % | +2.94 | % | +4.87 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expense or taxes | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital California Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)(1) | +12.22 | % | +3.90 | % | +5.58 | % | ||||||
Lipper California Municipal Debt Funds Classification | +17.67 | % | +2.75 | % | +4.62 | % |
(1) | The Fund added the Barclays Capital California Municipal Bond Index as a secondary benchmark effective June 1, 2010 because Columbia Management believes that the Barclays Capital California Municipal Bond Index provides a reasonable view of the available municipal investment opportunities in California and therefore provides an additional useful performance comparison. |
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Proposal 2. Comparison of Objectives, Strategies and Risks. Reorganization of each of Seligman New York Municipal Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund
Comparison of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund
All of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund:
• | Have Columbia Management as investment manager. |
• | Have the same policies for buying and selling shares and the same exchange rights. Please see Exhibit C for a description of these policies for the Buying Fund. |
• | Are structured as a series of an open-end management investment company. Seligman New York Municipal Fund is organized as a series of a Maryland corporation, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and the Buying Fund are organized as series of a Massachusetts business trust. Please see Exhibit C to this combined proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding the differences between the rights of shareholders of the Buying Fund and the shareholders of each Selling Fund. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives
The investment objectives for the Funds are as follows:
Selling Fund: Seligman New York Municipal Fund seeks to maximize income exempt from regular federal income taxes and from New York personal income taxes to the extent consistent with preservation of capital and with consideration given to opportunities for capital gain.
Selling Fund: RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a high level of income generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from New York state and local taxes.
Buying Fund: Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund seeks total return, consisting of current income exempt from federal income tax and New York individual income tax and of capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal.
Because any investment involves risk, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. Only shareholders can change the investment objective of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund.
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Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies
Each of the Funds normally invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (and in the case of the Buying Fund, the federal alternative minimum tax) and New York individual income tax. The Buying Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets, and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets, in below investment grade securities, while Seligman New York Municipal Fund will invest in only investment grade securities. Additional information regarding the principal investment strategies of each Fund is set forth below:
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
The Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in New York municipal securities rated investment-grade when purchased. Such securities include those issued by the State, local governments thereof, each of their agencies and authorities, as well as territories and possessions of the United States, and the District of Columbia, provided that such securities pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income taxes and regular personal income taxes in the State of New York. | Under normal market conditions the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal obligations that are generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from New York state and local income tax. | Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal bonds that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) and New York individual income tax. These securities are issued by the State of New York and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and by other qualified issuers. | ||
The Fund will not, under normal market conditions, invest less than 80% of its net assets in securities the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax and regular, personal income tax of its designated state, and temporary investments in taxable securities will be limited to 20% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. | The Fund’s 80% policy may not be changed without shareholder approval. | The Fund’s 80% policy may not be changed without shareholder approval. | ||
The Fund invests in revenue bonds. | The Fund may invest more than 25% of its net assets in a particular segment of the municipal securities market or in other industrial revenue bonds. | |||
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in debt obligations whose interest is subject to the alternative minimum tax. | The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in securities that pay interest subject to taxation. | |||
The Fund generally invests in long-term municipal bonds. | The Fund may invest in bonds of any maturity. | |||
The Fund will purchase only investment-grade municipal securities, defined as those issues rated in the four highest rating categories by independent rating agencies at the time of purchase by a Fund. The Fund may also purchase non-rated securities if, based on credit analysis, Columbia Management believes that they are of comparable quality to investment-grade securities. | The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in lower quality bonds (junk bonds). | The Fund primarily invests in municipal securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” | ||
Columbia Management may use derivatives such as futures, options, forward contracts and swaps, including credit default swaps, structured notes, including inverse floaters, in an effort to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, to increase market exposure and investment flexibility, or to obtain or reduce credit exposure. | Columbia Management may use derivatives such as inverse variable or floating rate securities, in an effort to produce incremental earnings. | The Fund may invest in derivatives, including futures, forward, options, swap contracts and other derivative instruments. The Fund may invest in derivatives for both hedging and non-hedging purposes, including, for example, to seek to enhance returns or as a substitute for a position in an underlying asset. |
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Buying Fund Investment Style
A description of the investment style of the Buying Fund is set forth below:
Columbia Management evaluates a number of factors in identifying investment opportunities and constructing the Buying Fund’s portfolio. Columbia Management considers local, national and global economic conditions, market conditions, interest rate movements and other relevant factors to determine the allocation of the Buying Fund’s assets among different issuers, industry sectors and maturities.
Columbia Management, in connection with selecting individual investments for the Buying Fund, evaluates a security based on its potential to generate income and capital appreciation. Columbia Management considers, among other factors, the creditworthiness of the issuer of the security and the various features of the security, such as its interest rate, yield, maturity, any call features and value relative to other securities.
Columbia Management may sell a security if it believes that there is deterioration in the issuer’s financial circumstances, or that other investments are more attractive; if there is deterioration in a security’s credit rating; or for other reasons.
Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose each Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [·].
Comparison of Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganizations occur, the combined Fund will be subject to the fundamental investment policies of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the fundamental investment policies of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund result in any material difference in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed. A “fundamental” investment policy is one that may not be changed without a shareholder vote.
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The Funds’ fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | Seligman New York Municipal Fund | RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
Borrowing/Issuing Senior Securities | The Fund will not borrow money, except from banks for temporary purposes (such as meeting redemption requests or for extraordinary or emergency purposes) in an amount not to exceed 10% of the value of its total assets at the time the borrowing is made (not including the amount borrowed). The Fund will not purchase additional portfolio securities if the Fund has outstanding borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets. | The Fund will not borrow money, except for temporary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) immediately after the borrowings. The Fund will not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||
Commodities | The Fund will not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts. | The Fund will not buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from buying or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from, physical commodities. | The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts. | |||
Diversification | The Fund will not, as to 50% of the value of its total assets, purchase securities of any issuer if immediately thereafter more than 5% of total assets at market value would be invested in the securities of any issuer (except that this limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities). | The Fund is non-diversified. | The Fund is non-diversified. | |||
Industry Concentration | The Fund will not invest more than 25% of total assets, at market value, in any one industry; except that municipal securities and securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities are not considered an industry for purposes of this limitation. | Under normal market conditions the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal obligations that are generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from New York state and local income tax. | The Fund may not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, |
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Policy | Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | ||||||
Lending | The Fund will not make loans except to the extent that the purchase of notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness or the entry into repurchase agreements or deposits with banks may be considered loans. The Fund does not have a present intention of entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund will not lend securities or participate in an interfund lending program if the total of all such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets except this fundamental investment policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||
Pledging Assets | The Fund will not mortgage or pledge any of its assets, except to secure permitted borrowings noted above. | No stated policy. | No stated policy. | |||
Real Estate | The Fund will not purchase or hold any real estate, including limited partnership interests on real property, except that the Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by persons (other than real estate investment trusts) which deal in real estate or interests therein. | The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real estate limited partnerships. | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein. | |||
Short Sales | The Fund will not write or purchase put, call, straddle or spread options; purchase securities on margin or sell “short”; or underwrite the securities of other issuers. | No stated policy. | ||||
Underwriting | The Fund will not act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them. | The Fund may not underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies. |
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Policy | Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
Securities of Open-End Investment Companies | The Fund will not invest in securities issued by other investment companies, except in connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization, or for the purpose of hedging a fund’s obligations under its deferred compensation plan for directors/trustees. | No stated policy. | No stated policy. | |||
Dealings with Directors and Officers | The Fund will not purchase or hold the securities of any issuer, if to its knowledge, directors/trustees or officers of a fund individually owning beneficially more than 0.5% of the securities of that issuer own in the aggregate more than 5% of such securities. | No stated policy. | No stated policy. |
Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose each Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [·].
Comparison of Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
If the Reorganizations occur, the combined Fund will be subject to the non-fundamental investment policies (policies that may be changed without a shareholder vote) of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the non-fundamental policies of the Funds result in any material differences in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed.
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The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | Seligman New York Municipal | RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt | |||
Illiquid Securities | The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. | |||||
Securities of Open-End Investment Companies | No stated policy, but has fundamental policy. | No stated policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. | |||
Short Sales | No stated policy. | No stated policy. | The Fund may not sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief. |
Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose each Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” below.
Although the Funds describe them somewhat differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Buying Fund and the Selling Funds are generally similar because the Funds have similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and investment policies. The actual risks of investing in each Fund depend on the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio and on market conditions, both of which change over time. The Buying Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Similarities and material differences between the Buying Fund’s principal risks and those of each Selling Fund are also described below.
• | Investment Strategy Risk. Columbia Management uses the principal investment strategies and other investment strategies to seek to achieve the Buying Fund’s investment objective. There is no assurance that the Buying Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investment decisions made by Columbia Management in using these strategies may not produce the returns expected by Columbia Management, may cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or may cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Market Risk. Market risk refers to the possibility that the market value of securities that the Buying Fund holds will rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Security values may fall because of factors affecting individual companies, industries or sectors, or the markets as a whole, reducing the value of an investment in the Buying Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Buying Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The market value of the securities the Buying Fund holds also can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, equity securities tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
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• | State-Specific Municipal Securities Risk. Securities issued by a particular state or other related issuers such as its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities or instrumentalities are subject to the risk of unfavorable developments in such state. The value of Buying Fund shares may be more volatile than the value of shares of funds that invest in municipal securities of issuers in more than one state, as unfavorable developments have the potential to impact the Buying Fund more significantly than funds that invest in municipal securities of more than one state. The value of a municipal security can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, demographic or political changes as well as changes in the financial or economic condition and prospects of the state or other related issuer. Since the Buying Fund invests in New York municipal securities, the value of the Buying Fund’s shares may be especially affected by factors pertaining to the economy of New York and other factors specifically impacting the ability of issuers of New York municipal securities to meet their obligations. New York City is the nation’s leading center of banking and finance, and the recent national and international crisis in the financial sectors has had a disproportionate effect on New York City. The economy of New York State is significantly influenced by the financial health of New York City and the surrounding area. As a result, when New York City experiences financial difficulty, it has a substantial impact on the financial condition of New York State. New York State has projected a budget deficit of over $20 billion (twice as large as the original estimate) and in the past has announced that it might not be able to pay all of its obligations because of a lack of funds. In addition, New York State is party to numerous lawsuits in which an adverse final decision could materially affect the State’s governmental operations and consequently its ability to fulfill its obligations. Moreover, there can be no assurances that the financial condition of New York will not be further materially adversely affected by actual conditions or circumstances, including, but not limited to, lower than expected revenues or higher than expected expenditures. Such factors may affect the ability of New York or its municipalities to pay their respective obligations. The Buying Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides additional detail about risks specific to New York municipal securities, which investors should carefully consider. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Municipal Securities Risk. Municipal securities are debt obligations generally issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including general financing for state and local governments, or financing for a specific project or public facility. Municipal securities may be fully or partially backed by the taxing authority of the local government, by the credit of a private issuer, by the current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or by domestic or foreign entities providing credit support, such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance, and are generally classified into general obligation bonds and special revenue obligations. General obligation bonds are backed by an issuer’s taxing authority and may be vulnerable to limits on a government’s power or ability to raise revenue or increase taxes. They may also depend for payment on legislative appropriation and/or funding or other support from other governmental bodies. Revenue obligations are payable from revenues generated by a particular project or other revenue source, and are typically subject to greater risk of default than general obligation bonds because investors can look only to the revenue generated by the project or other revenue source backing the project, rather than to the general taxing authority of the state or local government issuer of the obligations. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance projects in sectors such as education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. Municipal securities pay interest that, in the opinion of bond counsel, is free from U.S. federal income tax (and, in some cases, the federal alternative minimum tax). There is no assurance that the IRS will agree with this opinion. In the event the IRS determines that the issuer does not comply with relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued, and the value of the security would likely fall. Shareholders of the Buying Fund may be required to file an amended tax return and pay additional taxes as a result. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this risk. |
• | Interest Rate Risk. Debt securities are subject to interest rate risk. In general, if prevailing interest rates rise, the values of debt securities will tend to fall, and if interest rates fall, the values of debt securities will tend to rise. Changes in the value of a debt security usually will not affect the amount of income the Buying Fund receives from it but may affect the value of the Buying Fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for debt securities with longer maturities/durations. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Credit Risk. Credit risk applies to most debt securities, but is generally not a factor for obligations backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government. The Buying Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt security is unable or perceived to be unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Various factors could affect the issuer’s actual or perceived willingness or ability to make timely interest or principal payments, including changes in the issuer’s financial condition or in general economic conditions. Debt securities backed by an issuer’s taxing authority may be subject to legal limits on the issuer’s power to increase taxes or otherwise to raise revenue, or may be dependent on legislative appropriation or government aid. Certain debt securities are backed only by revenues derived from a particular project or source, rather than by an issuer’s taxing authority, and thus may have a greater risk of default. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
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• | Changing Distribution Levels Risk. The amount of the distributions paid by the Buying Fund generally depends on the amount of interest and/or dividends received by the Buying Fund on the securities its holds. The Buying Fund may not be able to pay distributions or may have to reduce its distribution level if the interest and/or dividends the Buying Fund receives from its investments decline. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are, for example, based on or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or bond), assets (such as a commodity like gold or a foreign currency), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P500® Index). Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses or may limit the Buying Fund’s potential gain from favorable market movements. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Buying Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had it invested in the underlying security. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility, among other consequences. The use of derivatives may also increase the amounts of taxes payable by shareholders. Other risks arise from the Buying Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Buying Fund’s derivative positions at times when the Buying Fund might wish to terminate or sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risks of mispricing or improper valuation and that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Buying Fund also may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to engage in derivative transactions when it is deemed favorable to do so, or at all. For more information on the risks of derivative investments and strategies, see the Merger SAI. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Low and Below Investment Grade Securities Risk. Debt securities with the lower investment grade rating (e.g. BBB by Standard & Poor’s, a division of the McGraw & Hill Companies, Inc. (Standard and Poor’s) or Fitch, Inc. (Fitch)) or that are below investment grade (which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) (e.g. BB or below by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch) are more speculative than securities with higher ratings, and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy, which is more likely to weaken the ability of the issuers to make principal and interest payments on these securities than is the case for higher-rated securities. These securities typically pay a premium – a higher interest rate or yield – because of the increased risk of loss, including default. These securities also are generally less liquid than higher rated securities. The securities ratings provided by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s), Standard & Poor’s and Fitch are based on analyses by these ratings agencies of the credit quality of the securities and may not take into account every risk related to whether interests or principal will be timely repaid. RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund is also subject to this risk. Seligman New York Municipal Fund is not subject to low and below investment grade securities risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent it invests in low and below investment grade securities. |
• | Reinvestment Risk. Income from the Buying Fund’s debt securities portfolio will decline if and when the Buying Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called securities in securities with market interest rates that are below the current earning rate of the Buying Fund’s portfolio. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Non-Diversified Mutual Fund Risk. The Buying Fund is non-diversified, which generally means that it may invest a greater percentage of its total assets in the securities of fewer issuers than a “diversified” fund. This increases the risk that a change in the value of any one investment held by the Buying Fund could affect the overall value of the Buying Fund more than it would affect that of a diversified fund holding a greater number of investment. Accordingly, the Buying Fund’s value will likely be more volatile than the value of more diversified funds. The Buying Fund may not operate as a non-diversified fund at all times. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
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The following bar charts and tables provide some illustration of the risks of investing in the Funds by showing, respectively:
• | how each Fund’s performance has varied for each full calendar year shown in the bar chart; and |
• | how each Fund’s average annual total returns compare to certain measures of market performance shown in the table. |
Both the bar chart and the table assume that all distributions have been reinvested. The performance of different classes varies because of differences in sales charges and other fees and expenses. How a Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. The performance shown reflects any fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements in effect for the periods reported. In the absence of such fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements, the performance shown would have been lower.
Bar Charts. Class A share information is shown in the bar charts; the sales charge for Class A shares is not reflected in the bar charts.
Tables. The tables below show total returns from hypothetical investments in the indicated classes of shares of each Fund. The performance calculations in the tables assume:
• | the maximum sales charge for Class A shares; |
• | sales at the end of the indicated period and deduction of the applicable CDSC for Class B and Class C shares; and |
• | with the exception of Class A shares, no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on reinvested income and capital gains. |
After-Tax Returns
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A shares. After-tax returns for the other share classes will vary. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the effect of foreign, state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and most likely will differ from the returns shown in the table. If you hold your shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, the after-tax returns do not apply to you because you will not incur taxes until you begin to withdraw from your account.
The return after taxes on distributions for a period may be the same as the return before taxes for the same period if there were no distributions or if the distributions were small. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for a period may be greater than the return before taxes for the same period if there was a tax loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (because it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return.
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+15.00% | +3.48% | +8.93% | +5.26% | +3.03% | +3.28% | +3.84% | +3.37% | -0.54% | +9.62% | |||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +6.37% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -2.82% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
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These returns do not reflect deductions for sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +6.35%.
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+11.21% | +3.81% | +9.15% | +3.97% | +3.50% | +2.66% | +4.56% | +1.72% | -6.47% | +16.24% | |||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +8.31% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -4.41% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions for sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +6.62%.
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+14.28% | +4.08% | +9.99% | +6.31% | +3.78% | +2.92% | +4.46% | +2.02% | -8.72% | +19.57% | |||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +9.75% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -4.25% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions for sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +7.74%.
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +4.47 | % | +2.86 | % | +4.93 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +4.31 | % | +2.81 | % | +4.88 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +4.48 | % | +3.01 | % | +4.85 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +7.72 | % | +2.97 | % | +4.53 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.57 | % | ||||||
Lipper New York Municipal Debt Funds Index | +17.47 | % | +3.49 | % | +5.08 | % |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | Class C Since Inception (6/26/2000) | |||||||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +10.73 | % | +2.49 | % | +4.37 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +10.73 | % | +2.45 | % | +4.13 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +8.51 | % | +2.67 | % | +4.17 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +10.37 | % | +2.36 | % | +4.09 | % | N/A | |||||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +14.38 | % | +2.71 | % | N/A | +3.92 | % | |||||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond New York 4 Plus Year Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +14.74 | % | +4.56 | % | +6.15 | % | +5.96 | % | ||||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | +5.60 | % | ||||||||
Lipper New York Municipal Debt Funds Index | +17.47 | % | +3.49 | % | +5.08 | % | +4.91 | % |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.89 | % | +2.66 | % | +5.11 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +13.47 | % | +2.47 | % | +5.00 | % |
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009
1 Year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Except Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +11.46 | % | +2.85 | % | +5.02 | % | ||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.69 | % | +2.57 | % | +4.84 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +18.04 | % | +3.21 | % | +5.15 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) (1) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital New York Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +13.02 | % | +4.45 | % | +5.80 | % | ||||||
Lipper New York Municipal Debt Funds Classification | +17.96 | % | +3.25 | % | +4.87 | % |
(1) | The Fund added the Barclays Capital New York Municipal Bond Index as a secondary benchmark effective June 1, 2010 because Columbia Management believes that the Barclays Capital New York Municipal Bond Index provides a reasonable view of the available municipal investment opportunities in New York and therefore provides an additional useful performance comparison. |
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Proposal 3. Comparison of Objectives, Strategies and Risks. Reorganization of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
Comparison of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund
All of the Selling Funds and the Buying Fund:
• | Have Columbia Management as investment manager. |
• | Have the same policies for buying and selling shares and the same exchange rights. Please see Exhibit C for a description of these policies for the Buying Fund. |
• | Are structured as a series of an open-end management investment company. Seligman National Municipal Fund is organized as a series of a Maryland corporation, RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund is organized as a series of a Minnesota corporation and the Buying Fund is organized as a series of a Massachusetts business trust. Please see Exhibit D to this combined proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding the differences between the rights of shareholders of the Buying Fund and shareholders of the Selling Funds. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives
The investment objectives of the Funds are as follows:
Selling Fund: RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a high yield generally exempt from federal income taxes.
Selling Fund: Seligman National Municipal Fund seeks to maximize income exempt from regular federal income taxes to the extent consistent with preservation of capital and with consideration given to opportunities for capital gain.
Buying Fund: Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund seeks total return, consisting of current income exempt from federal income tax and of capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal.
Because any investment involves risk, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The investment objective of each of the Selling Funds may be changed only with shareholder approval, while the investment objective of the Buying Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
Comparison of Principal Investment Strategies
Each of the Funds normally invests 80% of its net assets in securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax. Each of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund and the Buying Fund also normally invests 80% of its net assets in securities that pay interest exempt from the federal alternative minimum tax, while Seligman National Municipal Fund has no similar principal investment strategy. The Buying Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in below investment grade bonds (not including pre-refunded bonds).
The Buying Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in bonds that are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality. The Buying Fund will invest no more than 25% of its total assets in bonds that are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality to below investment grade bonds. Seligman National Municipal Fund purchases only investment-grade municipal securities (or unrated securities of comparable quality), and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund generally is not constrained with respect to security ratings.
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Additional information regarding the principal investment strategies of each Fund is set forth below:
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in municipal bonds and in other debt obligations issued by or on behalf of state or local governmental units whose interest is exempt from federal income tax and is not subject to the alternative minimum tax. | The Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal securities of states, territories, and possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, and their political subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities that are rated investment-grade when purchased. The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal securities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income taxes. | Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its total net assets in bonds that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax). These securities are issued by states and their political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and by other qualified issuers. | ||
The Fund’s 80% policy may not be changed without shareholder approval. | The Fund will not, under normal market conditions, invest less than 80% of its net assets in securities the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax, and temporary investments in taxable securities will be limited to 20% of the value of the fund’s net assets. | The Fund’s 80% policy may not be changed without shareholder approval. | ||
The Fund invests its assets in medium and higher quality municipal bonds and other debt obligations. The Fund may also invest in lower-quality bonds which help to obtain a higher portfolio yield. Lower-quality bonds, often called “junk bonds” include securities that are rated below investment grade, commonly defined as bonds receiving a Standard & Poor’s rating below BBB or a Moody’s rating below Baa or non-rated securities of comparable quality. | The Fund will purchase only investment-grade municipal securities, defined as those issues rated in the four highest rating categories by independent rating agencies at the time of purchase by the Fund. The Fund may also purchase non-rated securities if, based on credit analysis, Columbia Management believes that they are of comparable quality to investment-grade securities. | Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 65% of its total assets in tax-exempt bonds that, at the time of purchase, are rated investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality. The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in bonds (not including pre-refunded bonds) that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” The Fund will invest no more than 25% of its total assets in bonds that, at the time of purchase, are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality to below investment grade bonds. | ||
Columbia Management may use derivatives such as futures, options, forward contracts and swaps, including credit default swaps, structured notes, including inverse floaters, in an effort to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, to increase market exposure and investment flexibility, or to obtain or reduce credit exposure. | Columbia Management may use derivatives such as futures, options, forward contracts and swaps, including credit default swaps, structured notes, including inverse floaters, in an effort to produce incremental earnings, to hedge existing positions, to increase market exposure and investment flexibility, or to obtain or reduce credit exposure. | The Fund may invest in derivatives, including futures, forwards, options, swap contracts, inverse floaters and other derivative instruments. The Fund may invest in derivatives for both hedging and non-hedging purposes, including, for example, to seek to enhance returns or as a substitute for a position in an underlying asset. |
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RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in longer maturity bonds (typically, bonds with maturities in excess of ten years). However, a Fund may shorten or lengthen maturities to achieve its objective. | The Fund may invest in bonds of any maturity. | |||
The Fund invests in revenue bonds. | The Fund may invest in fixed or variable-rate debt securities, including zero-coupon bonds. |
Buying Fund Investment Style
A description of the investment style of the Buying Fund is set forth below:
Columbia Management evaluates a number of factors in identifying investment opportunities and constructing the Buying Fund’s portfolio. Columbia Management considers local, national and global economic conditions, market conditions, interest rate movements, and other relevant factors to determine the allocation of the Buying Fund’s assets among different issuers, industry sectors and maturities. Columbia Management, in connection with selecting individual investments for the Buying Fund, evaluates a security based on its potential to generate income and capital appreciation. Columbia Management considers, among other factors, the creditworthiness of the issuer of the security and the various features of the security, such as its interest rate, yield, maturity, any call features and value relative to other securities.
Columbia Management may sell a security if Columbia Management believes that there is deterioration in the issuer’s financial circumstances, or that other investments are more attractive; if there is deterioration in a security’s credit rating; or for other reasons.
Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Fundamental Policies
If the Reorganization occurs, the combined Fund will be subject to the fundamental investment policies of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the fundamental investment policies of each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund result in any material difference in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed A “fundamental” investment policy is one that may not be changed without a shareholder vote.
The Funds’ fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
Commodities | The Fund will not buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other | The Fund will not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts. | The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in |
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Policy | RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from buying or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from, physical commodities. | securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts. | |||||
Lending | The Fund will not lend securities or participate in an interfund lending program if the total of all such loans would exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets except this fundamental investment policy shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing money market securities, loans, loan participation or other debt securities, or from entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund will not make loans except to the extent that the purchase of notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness or the entry into repurchase agreements or deposits with banks may be considered loans. The Fund does not have a present intention of entering into repurchase agreements. | The Fund may not make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||
Underwriting | The Fund will not act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them. | The Fund may not underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies. | ||||
Real Estate | The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real estate limited partnerships. | The Fund will not purchase or hold any real estate, including limited partnership interests on real property, except that the Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by persons (other than real estate investment trusts) which deal in real estate or interests therein. | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein. |
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Policy | RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman National Municipal Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
Borrowing / Issuing Senior Securities / Buying on Margin / Selling Short | The Fund will not borrow money, except for temporary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings) immediately after the borrowings.
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | The Fund will not borrow money, except from banks for temporary purposes (such as meeting redemption requests or for extraordinary or emergency purposes) in an amount not to exceed 10% of the value of its total assets at the time the borrowing is made (not including the amount borrowed). The Fund will not purchase additional portfolio securities if the Fund has outstanding borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets.
The Fund will not write or purchase put, call, straddle or spread options; purchase securities on margin or sell “short”; or underwrite the securities of other issuers. | The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||
Diversification | The Fund will not purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer, except that up to 25% of the Fund’s assets may be invested without regard to this 10% limitation. For purposes of this policy, the terms of a municipal security determine the issuer.
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any company, government, or political subdivision thereof, except the limitation will not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, or other investment companies, and except that up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to this 5% limitation. For tax-exempt funds, for purposes of this policy, the terms of a municipal security determine the issuer. | The Fund will not, as to 50% of the value of its total assets, purchase securities of any issuer if immediately thereafter more than 5% of total assets at market value would be invested in the securities of any issuer (except that this limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities). | The Fund may not purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief. |
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Policy | RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
Industry Concentration | Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in municipal bonds and in other debt obligations issued by or on behalf of state or local governmental units whose interest is exempt from federal income tax and is not subject to the alternative minimum tax. | The Fund will not invest more than 25% of total assets, at market value, in any one industry; except that municipal securities and securities of the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities are not considered an industry for purposes of this limitation. | The Fund may not purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. | |||
Investments in Securities of other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund will not invest in securities issued by other investment companies, except in connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization, or for the purpose of hedging a fund’s obligations under its deferred compensation plan for directors/trustees. | No stated policy. | |||
Dealings with Directors and Officers | No stated policy. | The Fund will not purchase or hold the securities of any issuer, if to its knowledge, directors/trustees or officers of a fund individually owning beneficially more than 0.5% of the securities of that issuer own in the aggregate more than 5% of such securities. | No stated policy. | |||
Mortgaging and Pledging | No stated policy. | The Fund will not mortgage or pledge any of its assets, except to secure permitted borrowings noted above. | No stated policy. |
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Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided under “Comparison of Principal Risks” beginning on page [—].
Comparison of Non-Fundamental Policies:
If the Reorganizations occur, the combined Fund will be subject to the non-fundamental investment policies (policies that may be changed without a shareholder vote) of the Buying Fund. Columbia Management does not believe that the differences between the non-fundamental policies of the Funds result in any material differences in the way the Funds have been managed or in the way the combined Fund will be managed.
The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policies are set forth below:
Policy | RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | |||
Illiquid Securities | No more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets will be held in securities and other instruments that are illiquid. | The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid assets. | ||||
Short Sales/Purchases on Margin | No stated policy. | The Fund may not have a short securities position, unless the Fund owns, or owns rights (exercisable without payment) to acquire, an equal amount of such securities.
The Fund may not purchase securities on margin, but it may receive short-term credit to clear securities transactions and may make initial or maintenance margin deposits in connection with futures transactions. | ||||
Investment in other Investment Companies | No stated policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act. |
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Differences between each Selling Fund’s principal investment strategies, fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies and holdings and those of the Buying Fund may expose the Selling Fund’s shareholders to new or increased risks. A comparison of the principal risks of investing in each Selling Fund and the Buying Fund is provided.
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Although the Funds describe them somewhat differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Buying Fund and the Selling Funds are generally similar because the Funds have similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and investment policies. The actual risks of investing in each Fund depend on the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio and on market conditions, both of which change over time. The Buying Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Similarities and material differences between the Buying Fund’s principal risks and those of the Selling Funds are also described below.
• | Investment Strategy Risk – Columbia Management uses the principal investment strategies and other investment strategies to seek to achieve the Buying Fund’s investment objective. There is no assurance that the Buying Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investment decisions made by Columbia Management in using these strategies may not produce the returns expected by Columbia Management, may cause the Buying Fund’s shares to lose value or may cause the Buying Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Market Risk – Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities that the Buying Fund holds will rise or fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Security values may fall because of factors affecting individual companies, industries or sectors, or the markets as a whole, reducing the value of an investment in the Buying Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Buying Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The market values of the securities the Buying Fund holds also can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. In general, equity securities tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Municipal Securities Risk Municipal securities are debt obligations generally issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including general financing for state and local governments, or financing for a specific project or public facility. Municipal securities may be fully or partially backed by the taxing authority of the local government, by the credit of a private issuer, by the current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or by domestic or foreign entities providing credit support, such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance, and are generally classified into general obligation bonds and special revenue obligations. General obligation bonds are backed by an issuer’s taxing authority and may be vulnerable to limits on a government’s power or ability to raise revenue or increase taxes. They may also depend for payment on legislative appropriation and/or funding or other support from other governmental bodies. Revenue obligations are payable from revenues generated by a particular project or other revenue source, and are typically subject to greater risk of default than general obligation bonds because investors can look only to the revenue generated by the project or other revenue source backing the project, rather than to the general taxing authority of the state or local government issuer of the obligations. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance projects in sectors such as education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. Municipal securities pay interest that, in the opinion of bond counsel, is free from U.S. federal income tax (and, in some cases, the federal alternative minimum tax). There is no assurance that the IRS will agree with this opinion. In the event the IRS determines that the issuer does not comply with relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued, and the value of the security would likely fall. As a shareholder of the Buying Fund, you may be required to file an amended tax return and pay additional taxes as a result. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this risk. |
• | Interest Rate Risk – Debt securities are subject to interest rate risk. In general, if prevailing interest rates rise, the values of debt securities will tend to fall, and if interest rates fall, the values of debt securities will tend to rise. Changes in the value of a debt security usually will not affect the amount of income the Buying Fund receives from it but may affect the value of the Buying Fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for debt securities with longer maturities/durations. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Credit Risk – Credit risk applies to most debt securities, but is generally not a factor for obligations backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. The Buying Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt security is unable or perceived to be unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Various factors could affect the issuer’s actual or perceived willingness or ability to make timely interest or principal payments, including changes in the issuer’s financial condition or in general economic conditions. Debt securities backed by an issuer’s taxing authority may be subject to legal limits on the issuer’s power to increase taxes or otherwise to raise revenue, or may be dependent on legislative appropriation or government aid. Certain debt securities are backed only by revenues derived from a particular project or source, rather than by an issuer’s taxing authority, and thus may have a greater risk of default. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
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• | Changing Distribution Levels Risk – The amount of the distributions paid by the Buying Fund generally depends on the amount of interest and/or dividends received by the Buying Fund on the securities it holds. The Buying Fund may not be able to pay distributions or may have to reduce its distribution level if the interest and/or dividends the Buying Fund receives from its investments decline. While not principal, each Selling Fund is also subject to this risk. |
• | Derivatives Risk – Derivatives are financial contracts whose values are, for example, based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or bond), assets (such as a commodity like gold or a foreign currency), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses or may limit the Buying Fund’s potential gain from favorable market movements. Derivative strategies often involve leverage, which may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Buying Fund to lose more money than it would have lost had it invested in the underlying security. The values of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, and may result in increased volatility, among other consequences. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Other risks arise from the Buying Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Buying Fund’s derivative positions at times when the Buying Fund might wish to terminate or sell such positions. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid, and transactions in derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. The use of derivatives also involves the risks of mispricing or improper valuation and that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying security, asset, reference rate or index. The Buying Fund also may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to engage in derivative transactions when it is deemed favorable to do so, or at all. For more information on the risks of derivative investments and strategies, see the Merger SAI. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Low and Below Investment Grade Securities Risk – Debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch) or that are below investment grade (which are commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) (e.g., BB or below by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch) are more speculative than securities with higher ratings, and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy, which is more likely to weaken the ability of the issuers to make principal and interest payments on these securities than is the case for higher-rated securities. These securities typically pay a premium – a higher interest rate or yield – because of the increased risk of loss, including default. These securities also are generally less liquid than higher-rated securities. The securities ratings provided by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch are based on analyses by these ratings agencies of the credit quality of the securities and may not take into account every risk related to whether interest or principal will be timely repaid. RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund is also subject to this principal risk. Seligman National Municipal Fund is not subject to low and below investment grade securities risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of its investments, if any, in low and below investment grade securities. |
• | Reinvestment Risk – Income from the Buying Fund’s debt securities portfolio will decline if and when the Buying Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called securities in securities with market interest rates that are below the current earnings rate of the Buying Fund’s portfolio. Each Selling Fund is also subject to this principal risk. |
• | Zero-Coupon Bonds Risk – Zero-coupon bonds are bonds that do not pay interest in cash on a current basis, but instead accrue interest over the life of the bond. As a result, these securities are issued at a discount and their values may fluctuate more than the values of similar securities that pay interest periodically. Although these securities pay no interest to holders prior to maturity, interest accrued on these securities is reported as income to the Buying Fund and distributed to its shareholders. The Selling Funds are not subject to zero-coupon bonds risk as a principal risk, but may be subject to such risk to the extent of their investments, if any, in zero-coupon bonds. |
The following bar charts and tables provide some illustration of the risks of investing in the Funds by showing, respectively:
• | how each Fund’s performance has varied for each full calendar year shown in the bar chart; and |
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• | how each Fund’s average annual total returns compare to certain measures of market performance shown in the table. |
Both the bar chart and the table assume that all distributions have been reinvested. The performance of different classes varies because of differences in sales charges and other fees and expenses. How a Fund has performed in the past (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. The performance shown reflects any fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements in effect for the periods reported. In the absence of such fee waiver or expense reimbursement arrangements, the performance shown would have been lower.
Bar Charts. Class A share information is shown in the bar charts; the sales charge for Class A shares is not reflected in the bar charts.
Tables. The tables below show total returns from hypothetical investments in the indicated classes of shares of each Fund. The returns shown are compared to measures of market performance shown for the same periods. The performance calculations in the tables assume:
• | the maximum applicable sales charge for Class A shares; |
• | sales at the end of the indicated period and deduction of the applicable CDSC for Class B and Class C shares; |
• | except as noted for Class A shares, no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on reinvested income and capital gains. |
Indices are not available for investment, and do not reflect sales charges, fees, brokerage commissions, taxes or other expenses of investing.
After-Tax Returns
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A shares. After-tax returns for the other share classes will vary. After-tax returns are calculated using the highest historical individual U.S. federal marginal income tax rate and do not reflect the effect of foreign, state or local taxes. Actual after-tax returns will depend on your tax situation and most likely will differ from the returns shown in the table. If you hold your shares in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA, the after-tax returns do not apply to you because you will not incur taxes until you begin to withdraw from your account.
The return after taxes on distributions for a period may be the same as the return before taxes for the same period if there were no distributions or if the distributions were small. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for a period may be greater than the return before taxes for the same period if there was a tax loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (because it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return.
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+9.51% | +3.94 | % | +8.27 | % | +4.66 | % | +3.58 | % | +2.91 | % | +4.47 | % | +1.13 | % | -9.61 | % | +18.98 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +8.95% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -6.19% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
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These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares’ year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +7.65%
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+12.33% | +3.53 | % | +6.65 | % | +5.04 | % | +3.36 | % | +3.04 | % | +3.79 | % | +3.25 | % | -3.21 | % | +13.39 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +7.68% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -3.17% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of Class C shares may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares’ year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +7.31%.
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund)
CLASS A SHARE PERFORMANCE
(based on calendar years)
+10.81% | +3.22 | % | +9.63 | % | +6.15 | % | +4.57 | % | +4.03 | % | +5.56 | % | +2.18 | % | -7.19 | % | +14.83 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was +8.66% (quarter ended September 30, 2009) and the lowest return for a calendar quarter was -3.75% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
These returns do not reflect deductions of sales charges, if any, paid by investors and would be lower if they did. The performance of other share classes may vary from that shown because of differences in expenses.
The Fund’s Class A shares’ year-to-date return at September 30, 2010 was +8.33%.
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 Years | Class C Since Inception (6/26/00) | |||||||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund): | ||||||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.32% | +2.18% | +4.05% | N/A | ||||||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +13.32% | +2.16% | +3.88% | N/A | ||||||||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +10.33% | +2.44% | +3.97% | N/A | ||||||||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.13% | +2.05% | +3.75% | N/A | ||||||||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +17.10% | +2.40% | N/A | +3.70% | ||||||||||||
Barclays Capital 3-Plus Year Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +14.23% | +4.40% | +5.99% | +5.82% | ||||||||||||
Lipper General Municipal Debt Funds Index (reflects no deduction for fees or taxes) | +18.50% | +3.46% | +5.04% | +4.33% |
Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended December 31, 2009)
1 year(1) | 5 years(1) | 10 years(1) | ||||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +8.02 | % | +2.90 | % | +4.51 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +7.68 | % | +2.84 | % | +4.47 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +7.03 | % | +3.04 | % | +4.49 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +12.05 | % | +3.11 | % | +4.14 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | ||||||
Lipper General Municipal Debt Funds Index | +18.50 | +3.46 | % | +5.04 | % |
(1) | Effective Jan. 7, 2008 through June 13, 2009, the maximum initial sales charge on investments in Class A shares of less than $100,000 was 4.50%. Although for all periods presented in the table the Fund’s Class A share returns reflect the 4.75% maximum initial sales charge, the actual returns for Class A shares purchased from Jan. 7, 2008 through June 13, 2009 would have been higher if a 4.50% maximum initial sales charge then in effect was reflected. Effective June 4, 2007, there is no initial sales charge on purchases of Class C shares. Although for all periods presented the Fund’s Class C share returns do not reflect an initial sales charge, the actual returns for periods prior to June 4, 2007 would have been lower if a 1.00% maximum initial sales charge then in effect was reflected. |
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Average Annual Total Returns (for periods ended Dec. 31, 2009)
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund): | ||||||||||||
Class A | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +9.37 | % | +2.64 | % | +4.72 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions | +9.37 | % | +2.64 | % | +4.72 | % | ||||||
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares | +7.77 | % | +2.89 | % | +4.73 | % | ||||||
Class B | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +8.98 | % | +2.53 | % | +4.44 | % | ||||||
Class C | ||||||||||||
Return before taxes | +13.14 | % | +3.02 | % | +4.60 | % | ||||||
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | +12.91 | % | +4.32 | % | +5.75 | % | ||||||
Lipper General Municipal Debt Funds Classification | +16.85 | % | +2.91 | % | +4.59 | % |
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT EACH REORGANIZATION
The Board of each Fund has approved the Agreement. While shareholders are encouraged to review the Agreement, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this combined proxy statement/prospectus is a part, the following is a summary of certain terms of the Agreement:
• | Each Reorganization is expected to occur before the end of the second quarter of 2011, pending shareholder approval, receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals and satisfaction of any other conditions to closing. However, following such approvals, each Reorganization may happen at any time agreed to by the applicable Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund. |
• | Each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund and, in exchange, the corresponding Buying Fund will assume all the Selling Fund’s liabilities and will issue Reorganization Shares to the Selling Fund. The value of each Selling Fund’s assets, as well as the number of Reorganization Shares to be issued to the Selling Fund, will be determined in accordance with the Agreement. The Reorganization Shares will have an aggregate net asset value on the business day immediately preceding the closing of the Reorganization equal to the value of the assets received from the Selling Fund, less the liabilities assumed by the corresponding Buying Fund in the transaction. The Reorganization Shares will immediately be distributed to Selling Fund shareholders in proportion to their holdings of shares of the Selling Fund, in liquidation of the Selling Fund. As a result, shareholders of the Selling Fund will become shareholders of the corresponding Buying Fund. No shareholders of any Selling Fund will pay any sales charge in connection with its Reorganization. |
• | The net asset value of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund will be computed as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange on the business day next preceding the closing date of the applicable Reorganization. |
Conditions to Closing Each Reorganization
The completion of each Reorganization is subject to certain conditions described in the Agreement, including:
• | The Selling Fund will have declared and paid a dividend that, together with all previous dividends, will distribute all of the Selling Fund’s net investment income and net capital gains, if any, to the shareholders of the Selling Fund for its tax year ending on or prior to the closing date of the Reorganization. |
• | The Funds will have received any approvals, consents or exemptions from the SEC or any other regulatory body necessary to carry out the Reorganization. |
• | A registration statement on Form N-14 relating to the Reorganization will have been filed with the SEC and become effective. |
• | The shareholders of the Selling Fund will have approved the Agreement by the requisite vote. |
• | The Selling Fund will have received an opinion of tax counsel to the effect that, as described in more detail in the section entitled “Tax Status of the Reorganizations,” the shareholders of the Selling Fund will not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the exchange of their Selling Fund shares for the Reorganization Shares of the corresponding Buying Fund in connection with the Reorganization. |
The Agreement and the transactions contemplated by it may be terminated and abandoned with respect to any Reorganization by resolution of the Board of any applicable Fund at any time prior to the closing date thereof. In the event of a termination, Columbia Management will bear all costs associated with the Reorganization.
Tax Status of the Reorganizations
Each Reorganization is intended to qualify for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a tax-free reorganization under section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As a condition to the closing of each Reorganization, each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund will receive an opinion from Ropes & Gray LLP to the effect that, as further described below, on the basis of existing provisions of the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations issued thereunder, current administrative rules, pronouncements and court decisions, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• | The Reorganization will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1) of the Code, and the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund will each be “a party to a reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(b) of the Code. |
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• | Under Sections 361 and 357 of the Code, no gain or loss will be recognized by the Selling Fund upon the transfer of all of its assets to the Buying Fund in exchange for Reorganization Shares and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund, or upon the distribution of the Reorganization Shares by the Selling Fund to its shareholders in liquidation. |
• | Under Section 354 of the Code, no gain or loss will be recognized by the shareholders of the Selling Fund upon the exchange of their Selling Fund shares for Reorganization Shares of the Buying Fund. |
• | Under Section 358 of the Code, the aggregate tax basis of Reorganization Shares that a Selling Fund shareholder receives in the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the Selling Fund shares exchanged therefor. |
• | Under Section 1223(1) of the Code, a Selling Fund shareholder’s holding period for the Reorganization Shares received in the Reorganization will be determined by including the shareholder’s holding period for the Selling Fund shares exchanged therefor, provided the shareholder held such Selling Fund shares as capital assets. |
• | Under Section 1032 of the Code, no gain or loss will be recognized by the Buying Fund upon the receipt of assets of the Selling Fund in exchange for Reorganization Shares and the assumption by the Buying Fund of all of the liabilities of the Selling Fund. |
• | Under Section 362(b) of the Code, the Buying Fund’s tax basis in the assets of the Selling Fund transferred to the Buying Fund in the Reorganization will be the same as the Selling Fund’s tax basis in such assets immediately prior to the Reorganization. |
• | Under Section 1223(2) of the Code, the Buying Fund’s holding periods in the assets received from the Selling Fund in the Reorganization will include the Selling Fund’s holding periods in such assets. |
• | The Buying Fund will succeed to and take into account the items of the Selling Fund described in Section 381(c) of the Code, subject to the conditions and limitations specified in Sections 381, 382, 383 and 384 of the Code and the regulations thereunder. |
Ropes & Gray LLP will express no view with respect to the effect of a Reorganization on any transferred asset as to which any unrealized gain or loss is required to be recognized under U.S. federal income tax principles (i) at the end of a taxable year or upon the termination thereof, or (ii) upon the transfer of such asset regardless of whether such a transfer would otherwise be a non-taxable transaction.
Each opinion will be based on certain factual certifications made by the officers of the Selling Fund and the Buying Fund and will also be based on customary assumptions. Each opinion will note and distinguish certain published precedent. It is possible that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court could disagree with Ropes & Gray LLP’s opinion, which therefore cannot be free from doubt.
Opinions of counsel are not binding upon the IRS or the courts. If a Reorganization were consummated but did not qualify as a tax-free reorganization under the Code, a shareholder of the Selling Fund would recognize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between his or her tax basis in his or her Selling Fund shares and the fair market value of the Reorganization Shares of the Buying Fund he or she received. Shareholders of a Selling Fund should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the Reorganization in light of their individual circumstances.
A portion, including a substantial portion, of the portfolio assets of each Buying or Selling Fund may be sold at any time before or after the Reorganization in connection with its Reorganization. The actual tax effect of such sales depends on the difference between the price at which such portfolio assets are sold and the tax basis in such assets of the Fund making the sale. Any capital gains recognized in these sales on a net basis, after reduction by any available capital losses, will be distributed to shareholders as capital gain dividends (to the extent of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses) and/or ordinary dividends (to the extent of net realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term capital losses) during or with respect to the year of sale, and such distributions will be taxable to shareholders. Each Reorganization will end the tax year of the applicable Selling Fund, and will therefore accelerate any distributions to shareholders from the Selling Fund for its short tax year ending on the date of the Reorganization. Those tax year-end distributions will be taxable except to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends and will include any undistributed capital gains resulting from portfolio turnover prior to the Reorganization.
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More generally, prior to the closing of each Reorganization, the Selling Fund will, and the Buying Fund may, declare a distribution to shareholders, which, together with all previous distributions, will have the effect of distributing to shareholders all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), net tax-exempt income, if any, and net realized capital gains, if any, through the closing of the Reorganization, including any undistributed income or gains from prior years. These distributions will be taxable to shareholders, except to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends, and such distributions by a Selling Fund will include any distributable, but undistributed, capital gains resulting from portfolio turnover prior to the Reorganization. If a shareholder holds shares of either Fund in a non-taxable account, distributions with respect to those shares will not be taxable to the shareholder if the amount distributed remains in the nontaxable account.
A Fund’s ability to carry forward capital losses and to use them to offset future gains may be limited as a result of the Reorganization. First, a Fund’s “pre-acquisition losses” (including capital loss carryforwards, net current-year capital losses, and unrealized losses that exceed certain thresholds) may become unavailable to offset gains of the combined Fund to the extent such pre-acquisition losses exceed an annual limitation amount. Second, one Fund’s pre-acquisition losses cannot be used to offset gains in another Fund that are “built in” (unrealized) at the time of the Reorganization and that exceed certain thresholds (“non-de minimis built-in gains”) for five tax years. Third, a Selling Fund’s loss carryforwards, as limited under the previous two rules, are permitted to offset only that portion of the gains of the Buying Fund for the taxable year of the Reorganization that is equal to the portion of the Buying Fund’s taxable year that follows the date of the Reorganization (prorated according to number of days). Therefore, in certain circumstances, shareholders of a Fund may pay taxes sooner, or pay more taxes, than they would have had the Reorganization not occurred.
In addition, the combined Fund will have tax attributes that reflect a blending of the tax attributes of each Fund at the time of the Reorganizations (including as affected by the rules described above). Therefore, the shareholders of the Selling Fund will in each case receive a proportionate share of any “built-in” (unrealized) gains in the combined Fund’s assets, as well as any taxable income or gains realized by the Buying Fund but not distributed to its shareholders prior to the Reorganization, when such income or gains are eventually distributed by the Buying Fund. As a result, shareholders of a Selling Fund may receive a greater amount of taxable distributions than they would have had the Reorganizations not occurred. In addition, any pre-acquisition losses of the Selling Fund (whether realized or unrealized) remaining after the operation of the limitation rules described above will become available to offset capital gains realized by the combined Fund after the Reorganizations and thus may reduce subsequent capital gain distributions to a broader group of shareholders than would have been the case absent such Reorganizations, such that the benefit of those losses to Selling Fund shareholders may be further reduced relative to what the benefit would have been had the Reorganizations not occurred.
The effect of the rules described above will depend on the relative sizes of, and the losses and gains (both realized and unrealized) in, each Fund at the time of the Reorganizations and thus cannot be calculated precisely prior to the Reorganizations.
The realized and unrealized gains and losses of each Fund at the time of its Reorganization, and the occurrence of other Reorganizations involving the same Buying Fund, will determine the extent to which the combining Funds’ respective losses, both realized and unrealized, will be available to reduce gains realized by the combined Fund following the Reorganization, and consequently the extent to which the combined Fund may be required to distribute gains to its shareholders earlier or in greater amounts than would have been the case absent the Reorganization.
If each of the Reorganizations, and all of the Reorganizations in a particular proposal, had occurred on February 28, 2010, the potential tax costs to the shareholders of all Funds due to the loss limitation rules and the blending of tax attributes would have been de minimis. As noted above, the tax effect of a Reorganization depends on each Fund’s relative tax situation at the time of the Reorganization, which situation will be different than the tax situation on February 28, 2010 and cannot be calculated precisely prior to the Reorganization. Portfolio turnover in a Fund, market fluctuations, redemption activity or the nonoccurrence of one or more other Reorganizations into the same Buying Fund could cause the actual tax effect of the Reorganizations to differ substantially from that described above.
The tax principles described above will apply in each case and are not expected to change prior to the Reorganizations. However, the results of their application and, at a minimum, the specific percentages noted above will change prior to each Reorganization because of market developments and volatility in the marketplace, any pre-Reorganization realignments or other sales of portfolio securities that already have occurred or that might occur and shareholder activity in the Funds, among other changes.
This description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganizations is made without regard to the particular facts and circumstances of any shareholder. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the
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Reorganization in light of their individual circumstances. Because the foregoing discussion relates only to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganizations, shareholders of a Selling Fund should also consult their tax advisors as to the state, local and foreign tax consequences, if any, of the Reorganizations.
[[Reasons for the Proposed Reorganizations and Board Deliberations
Each Reorganization was reviewed by the Board of the Selling Fund involved therein, with the advice and assistance of Fund counsel and independent legal counsel to such Board. Each of the Selling Funds is overseen by one Board (the “RiverSource Board”). At regular and special meetings of the RiverSource Board in May, June and August 2010, the RiverSource Board considered the Reorganization of each Selling Fund, as proposed by Columbia Management. In connection with those Board meetings, Columbia Management and its affiliates provided background materials, analyses and other information to the RiverSource Board regarding, among other things, the topics discussed below, including responses to specific requests by the RiverSource Board, and responded to questions raised by the RiverSource Board at those meetings. The Board also considered information provided in connection with various other proposals by Columbia Management to integrate the funds advised by Columbia Management into a single fund family with greater uniformity, including proposals to standardize fees charged by Columbia Management and its affiliates, as well as other service providers, for services provided to similar funds.
After the RiverSource Board reviewed, evaluated and discussed the materials, analyses and information provided to it at its meetings that the RiverSource Board considered relevant to its deliberations, the RiverSource Board, including the independent Board members thereof (the “Independent Directors”), unanimously approved the Reorganization of each Selling Fund. The RiverSource Board, including the Independent Directors, also unanimously determined that participation by each Selling Fund in its Reorganization was in the best interests of each Selling Fund and that the interests of existing shareholders of each Selling Fund would not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization.
The general factors considered by the RiverSource Board in assessing and approving each applicable Reorganization included, among others, in no order of priority:
1. | various potential benefits of the Reorganization to the shareholders of the Selling Funds; |
2. | the Reorganization as part of Columbia Management’s overall commitment to streamline and to improve its fund offerings for the benefit of Fund shareholders; |
3. | the relative similarity of investment objectives, principal investment strategies and policies of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund and, in that connection, the anticipated continuity of investment for shareholders of each Selling Fund as it merges into its corresponding Buying Fund; |
4. | the estimated operating expenses that shareholders of each class of shares of each Selling Fund are expected to experience as shareholders of the corresponding Buying Fund after the Reorganization relative to the operating expenses currently borne by such shareholders, including that, on a net basis, such expenses are expected to remain approximately the same (for the reorganization of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund and the reorganization of each of Seligman New York Municipal Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund) or to decline (for the reorganization of each of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund) as a result of the Reorganization (including Columbia Management’s contractual agreement to limit the total operating expenses of the Buying Fund) (see “Fees and Expenses”); |
5. | the current assets of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund, and the anticipated combined pro forma assets of the Buying Fund after the Reorganization; |
6. | the portfolio management team expected to be responsible for management of the combined Fund and the historical performance of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund, recognizing that no assurances can be given that the Buying Fund will achieve any particular level of performance after the Reorganization; |
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7. | the likelihood that each Selling Fund would achieve and/or maintain sufficient size to ensure its continued economic viability absent the Reorganization, the corresponding Buying Fund’s relative prospects for attracting additional assets after the Reorganization and potential economies of scale; |
8. | the anticipated tax-free nature of the exchange of shares in the Reorganization, and other expected U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization, including potential limitations on the Buying Fund’s use of the Funds’ pre-merger realized losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes after the Reorganization and the potential diminution of the Buying Fund’s ability to use those losses to offset future gains (see “Tax Status of the Reorganizations”); |
9. | the potential benefits of the Reorganization to Columbia Management and its affiliates; |
10. | that shareholders of the Selling Funds will experience no material change in shareholder services as a result of the Reorganization; |
11. | any brokerage costs resulting from the Reorganization (e.g., each Selling Fund’s turnover associated with and resulting from the sale of any securities the corresponding Buying Fund cannot, or does not wish to, acquire); and |
12. | that the direct costs associated with the Reorganization will be borne by the Selling Funds only to the extent that Columbia Management anticipates a reduction in expenses to shareholders of the Selling Funds in the first year following the Reorganization. |
In their deliberations, the RiverSource Board did not identify any single factor that was paramount or controlling and individual Board members may have attributed different weights to various factors. The RiverSource Board also evaluated the information available to it on a Selling Fund-by-Selling Fund basis, and made determinations separately in respect of each Selling Fund. Certain of the factors considered by the RiverSource Board are discussed in more detail below.
STREAMLINED PRODUCT LINE
The RiverSource Board considered that the Reorganizations are intended, among other things, to streamline Columbia Management’s product offerings by reducing the number of funds in the Combined Fund Complex. Reducing the number of funds in the complex is intended to enhance the funds’ prospects for attracting additional assets by better differentiating the funds for potential shareholders (which should lead to a more concentrated selling effort).
TAX CONSEQUENCES
The RiverSource Board examined the relative tax situations of each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund and the resulting tax impact of each proposed Reorganization to each Selling Fund’s shareholders. In that connection, as noted, the RiverSource Board considered the anticipated tax-free nature of the exchange of shares in the Reorganization, and other expected U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization (see “Tax Status of the Reorganizations”).
CONTINUITY OF INVESTMENT
The RiverSource Board took into account the fact that each applicable Selling Fund and its corresponding Buying Fund have similar investment objectives and principal investment strategies. Specifically, the RiverSource Board noted the following with respect to each Reorganization:
Proposal 1
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that both RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund and the Buying Fund seek to provide shareholders with income generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from California income tax, although RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund specifies that it seeks a high level of income while the Buying Fund specifies that it seeks total return consisting of current income and capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal. The RiverSource Board noted the commonality in the Funds’ investment strategy in that each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund and the Buying Fund invests 80% of its net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax and California individual income tax and that both Funds may invest up to 25% of their total assets in securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality. It was also observed that both Funds are currently managed in a substantially similar manner (and share a common portfolio management team).
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Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that each of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and the Buying Fund seeks income exempt from federal income tax and California income tax, although Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund specifies that it seeks the maximum income consistent with preservation of capital with consideration given to capital gain, while the Buying Fund specifies that it seeks total return consisting of current income and capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal. The RiverSource Board noted the Funds’ commonality in investment strategy in that both Funds normally invest 80% of their net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax and California individual income tax. The RiverSource Board also noted that the Buying Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, while Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund has no cap on investments in below investment-grade bonds. Nevertheless, it was observed that both Funds are currently managed in a substantially similar manner (and share a common portfolio management team).
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that each of Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund and the Buying Fund seeks income exempt from federal income tax and from California income tax, although Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund specifies that it seeks high income consistent with preservation of capital and with consideration given to capital gain, while the Buying Fund specifies that it seeks total return consisting of current income and capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal. The RiverSource Board observed the Funds’ commonality in investment strategy in that both Funds normally invest 80% of their net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax and California individual income tax. The RiverSource Board also noted that the Buying Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated (junk bonds) but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, while Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund must invest 80% of its net assts in securities within the three highest rating qualities of specified rating services. Nevertheless, it was observed that both Funds are currently managed in a similar manner (and share a common portfolio management team).
Proposal 2
Seligman New York Municipal Fund into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that each of Seligman New York Municipal Fund and the Buying Fund seeks income exempt from federal income tax and from New York income tax, although Seligman New York Municipal Fund specifies that it seeks to maximize income to the extent consistent with preservation of preservation of capital and with consideration given to opportunities for capital gain, while the Buying Fund specifies that it seeks total return, consisting of current income and capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal. The RiverSource Board noted the Funds’ commonality in investment strategy in that both Funds normally invest at least 80% of their net assets in municipal obligations that are generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from New York state and local income tax. The Board also noted that the Buying Fund may invest up to 25% of net assets in lower quality bonds, while Seligman New York Municipal Fund does not permit junk bond investments. Nevertheless, it was observed that both Funds are currently managed in a substantially similar manner (and share a common portfolio management team).
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board noted that each of RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and the Buying Fund seeks income generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from New York income tax, although RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund specifies that it seeks high income, while the Buying Fund seeks total return, consisting of current income and capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal. The RiverSource Board also noted the Funds’ commonality in investment strategy in that both Funds normally invest at least 80% of their net assets in municipal obligations that are generally exempt from federal income tax as well as from New York state and local income tax, and that each Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in debt obligations whose interest is subject to taxation, and that this is limited to the alternative minimum tax for RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund. It was observed that both Funds are currently managed in a substantially similar manner (and share a common portfolio management team).
Proposal 3
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered that each of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund and the Buying Fund seeks to provide shareholders income generally exempt from federal income taxes, although RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund specifies that it seeks to provide shareholders with a high yield and the Buying Fund specifies that it seeks total return, consisting of current income and capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal. The RiverSource Board noted the Funds’ commonality in investment strategy in that both Funds normally invest 80% of their total net assets in bonds that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal
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alternative minimum tax). The RiverSource Board did take into account that the Buying Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in bonds (not including pre-refunded bonds) that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, while RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund does not have a specified limit.
Seligman National Municipal Fund into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered that each of Seligman National Municipal Fund and the Buying Fund seeks income exempt from federal income tax, although Seligman National Municipal Fund specifies that it seeks to maximize income to the extent consistent with preservation of capital and with consideration given to opportunities for capital gain, while the Buying Fund specifies that it seeks total return, consisting of current income and capital appreciation, consistent with moderate fluctuation of principal. The RiverSource Board noted the Funds’ commonality in investment strategy in that both Funds normally invest 80% of their net assets in bonds that pay interest exempt from federal income tax. The RiverSource Board did take into account that the Buying Fund invests 35% of its total assets in bonds (not including pre-refunded bonds) that, at the time of purchase, are rated below investment grade or are unrated but determined by Columbia Management to be of comparable quality, while Seligman National Municipal Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in investment grade securities.
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance record of each Selling Fund and each corresponding Buying Fund, noting, however, that past performance is no guarantee of future results. Specifically, the RiverSource Board noted the following with respect to each Reorganization:
Proposal 1
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which the Buying Fund’s performance was better over the three-, five- and ten- year periods, and RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund’s performance was better over the one-year period.
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund’s performance was better for all periods. Although Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund had better performance, the RiverSource Board considered that the Buying Fund was more than eleven times the size of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund; that both Funds had received identical ratings from an independent information provider; and that both Funds were now managed by the same portfolio management team.
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the one-, five- and ten-year periods, and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund’s performance was better for the three-year period. The RiverSource Board also considered that both Funds were now managed by the same portfolio management team.
Proposal 2
Seligman New York Municipal Fund into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the
one- and ten-year periods, and Seligman New York Municipal Fund had better performance for the three- and five-year periods. It was also observed that both Funds were now managed by the same portfolio management team.
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the
one-, three-, five- and ten-year periods. It was also observed that both Funds were now managed by the same portfolio management team.
Proposal 3
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the three-, five- and ten- year periods and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund’s performance was better for the one-year period.
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Seligman National Municipal Fund into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund. The RiverSource Board considered the relative performance of the Funds for periods ending February 28, 2010, during which the Buying Fund’s performance was better for the ten-year period, while Seligman National Municipal Fund’s performance was better for the one-, three- and five-year period.
ECONOMIES OF SCALE.
The RiverSource Board observed that, in addition to the potential to realize immediate economies associated with consolidating a smaller Selling Fund into a larger combined Fund, such as the elimination of duplicative costs, the combined funds may be able to take advantage of other economies of scale associated with larger funds. For example, a larger fund may benefit more quickly from pre-established “breakpoints” in investment management services fees that are triggered as the fund’s net asset level increases, may have an enhanced ability to effect portfolio transactions on favorable terms and may have greater investment flexibility. Furthermore, the RiverSource Board observed that the combined fixed expenses of the larger combined Fund, such as audit and accounting expenses, could be reduced as they are spread across a larger asset base. The RiverSource also considered the potential benefits and economies of scale to Columbia Management resulting from the Reorganizations and whether those benefits were shared with Fund shareholders. The RiverSource also considered Columbia Management’s belief that each Buying Fund would be better positioned to experience growth in assets from investor inflows than each Selling Fund.
Board Recommendation and Required Vote
The RiverSource Board recommends that shareholders of each Selling Fund approve the proposed Agreement. For RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, the Agreement must be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote. With respect to RiverSource Tax Exempt High Income Fund, a vote to approve the proposed Agreement also will constitute a vote to dissolve RiverSource Tax Exempt High Income Fund (which requires the same shareholder vote) and a vote to amend the articles of incorporation of RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc. to provide that RiverSource Tax Exempt High Income Fund be acquired by Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (which requires the vote of the greater of (i) a majority of the voting power of RiverSource Tax Exempt High Income Fund shares present and entitled to vote thereon or (ii) a majority of the voting power of the minimum number of such shares entitled to vote that would constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Meeting). For each of Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, the Agreement must be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Selling Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act). A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Selling Fund is defined in the 1940 Act as the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Selling Fund that are present or represented by proxy at the Meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Selling Fund are present or represented by proxy at the Meeting; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Selling Fund.
If the Agreement is not approved for a Selling Fund, the RiverSource Board will consider what further action should be taken with respect to the particular Selling Fund. The approval of the Reorganization of one Selling Fund is not conditioned upon the approval of the Reorganization of any other Selling Fund.
If shareholders approve the Reorganization of a Selling Fund, it is anticipated that the Reorganization would occur before the end of the second quarter of 2011.
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PROPOSAL 4 – ELECTION OF DIRECTORS/TRUSTEES
On May 1, 2010, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management, the Selling Funds’ investment manager, acquired the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group, LLC and certain of its affiliated companies from Bank of America, N.A. (the “Transaction”). In connection with the Transaction, Columbia Management became the investment manager of the Columbia-branded funds (the “Columbia Fund Complex”), in addition to the funds then branded as RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds (the “RiverSource Fund Complex,” and together with the Columbia Fund Complex, the “Combined Fund Complex”).
Following the Transaction, the board of directors/trustees of the Columbia RiverSource Fund Complex (collectively, the “Columbia RiverSource Board”) and the board of trustees of the Columbia Fund Complex had ongoing discussions regarding a potential consolidated board of directors/trustees to oversee all or a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. In September 2010, these discussions culminated in an agreement between the Columbia RiverSource Board and the current board of trustees of certain of the trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex (The “Columbia Nations Board”) to have a consolidated board of directors/trustees for a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. Specifically, it was agreed that the RiverSource Fund Complex and the portion of the Columbia Fund Complex overseen by the Columbia Nations Board should be overseen by a consolidated board of directors/trustees. In this regard, the Columbia Nations Board and Columbia RiverSource Board each determined that the consolidation would enhance the oversight of a larger fund family and should achieve cost efficiencies for fund shareholders.
Each Selling Fund is a series of a corporation or a trust (a “Company”). In order to effect the consolidation, at joint meetings held on September 20, 2010, the Board Governance Committee of the Columbia RiverSource Board recommended the nomination of the Non-Interested Nominees (defined below) and the Interested Nominees (defined below) to the Columbia RiverSource Board. In addition, at joint meetings held on September 20, 2010, the Columbia RiverSource Board, including a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of such Columbia RiverSource Board (each, a “Non-Interested Director” and collectively, the “Non-Interested Directors”), unanimously accepted and endorsed these nominations, nominated the Non-Interested Nominees and Interested Nominees and voted to present each Nominee to shareholders for election as directors/trustees. The Columbia RiverSource Board currently has no reason to believe that any Nominee will become unavailable for election as a director/trustee, but if such unavailability should occur before the Meeting, the proxies will be voted for such other individuals as the Board Governance Committee of the Columbia RiverSource Board and the full Columbia RiverSource Board may designate.
A Nominee is deemed to be “non-interested” to the extent the Nominee is not an “interested person,” as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, of the Companies (each, a “Non-Interested Nominee” and collectively, the “Non-Interested Nominees”). The Non-Interested Nominees are: Kathleen Blatz, Edward J. Boudreau, Jr., Pamela G. Carlton, William P. Carmichael, Patricia M. Flynn, William A. Hawkins, R. Glenn Hilliard, Stephen R. Lewis, Jr., John F. Maher, John J. Nagorniak, Catherine James Paglia, Leroy C. Richie, Alison Taunton-Rigby and Minor M. Shaw.
Anthony M. Santomero and William F. Truscott (each, an “Interested Nominee” and collectively, the “Interested Nominees”) are or would be treated as “interested persons” of the Companies. Although Mr. Santomero is “independent” of Columbia Management and its affiliates, in that he is not a director, officer or employee thereof, the Companies treat William F. Truscott as an “interested person” of the Companies (an “Interested Director/Trustee”) because he currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Columbia Management (and was previously the President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management from 2001-2010) and as a senior executive of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management, in which he is also a stockholder. The Companies would treat Anthony M. Santomero as an “interested person” of the Companies because he serves as a director of Citigroup, Inc. and Citigroup, N.A., which may engage from time to time in brokerage execution, principal transactions and/or lending relationships with the Funds or other funds or accounts advised/managed by Columbia Management and/or a Fund’s subadviser. However, Mr. Santomero is not a director, officer or employee of Columbia Management or any of its affiliates.
If the Nominees are elected by shareholders, at least 75% of the Columbia RiverSource Board’s directors will continue to be Non-Interested Directors/Trustees. The Nominees would serve as directors/trustees in accordance with the organizational documents of the Companies. Each director/trustee would serve for an indefinite term. A director/trustee’s term may terminate by the election of his or her successor, by the termination or dissolution of the Company, or by his or her death, resignation, removal, retirement or incapacity. A director/trustee may no longer serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board after the first board meeting after he or she reaches the mandatory retirement age established by the Columbia RiverSource Board or after the 15th anniversary of the first Columbia RiverSource Board or Columbia Nations Board meeting he or she attended as a director/trustee.
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Information Regarding the Non-Interested Nominees
Background information regarding each of the Non-Interested Nominees follows.
Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held or to be Held with the Companies | Term of Office and Length of Time Served as a Director/Trustee | Principal Occupation(s) During | Number of Portfolios in | Other Directorships Held by Nominee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Kathleen Blatz c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age [56] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 1/11/06 | Chief Justice, Minnesota Supreme Court, 1998-2006; Attorney | [193] | None | |||||
Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [66] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Managing Director – E.J. Boudreau & Associates (consulting), from 2000 through current | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds) | |||||
Pamela G. Carlton c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 56 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/11/07 | President, Springboard-Partners in Cross Cultural Leadership (consulting company) | [193] | None | |||||
William P. Carmichael c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [67] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Retired | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Cobra Electronics Corporation (electronic equipment manufacturer); Simmons Company (bedding); The Finish Line (sportswear) | |||||
Patricia M. Flynn c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 59 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/1/04 | Trustee Professor of Economics and Management, Bentley University; former Dean, McCallum Graduate School of Business, Bentley University | [193] | None | |||||
William A. Hawkins c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [68] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | President and Chief Executive Officer – California Bank, N.A., from January 2008 through current | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds) |
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Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held or to be Held with the Companies | Term of Office and Length of Time Served as a Director/Trustee | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in | Other Directorships Held by Nominee During the Past Five Years | |||||
R. Glenn Hilliard c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [67] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer – Hilliard Group LLC (investing and consulting), from April 2003 through current; Non-Executive Director & Chairman – Conseco, Inc. (insurance), September 2003 through current; Executive Chairman – Conseco, Inc. (insurance), August 2004 through September 2005 | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Conseco, Inc. (insurance) | |||||
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age [71] | Director/ Trustee and Chairman of the Board | Indefinite term; Chairman of the Board since 1/1/07 and Director/Trustee since 1/1/02 | President Emeritus and Professor of Economics, Carleton College | [193] | Valmont Industries, Inc. (manufactures irrigation systems) | |||||
John F. Maher c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 67 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/7/08 | Retired President and Chief Executive Officer and former Director, Great Western Financial Corporation (financial services), 1986-1997 | [193] | None | |||||
John J. Nagorniak c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [66] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Retired; President and Director – Foxstone Financial, Inc. (consulting), 2000 through December 2007; Director – Mellon Financial Corporation affiliates (investing), 2000 through 2007; Chairman – Franklin Portfolio Associates (investing – Mellon affiliate) 1982 through 2007 | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Research Foundation of CFA Institute; Director – MIT Investment Company; Trustee – MIT 401k Plan | |||||
Catherine James Paglia c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 58 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; 11/1/04 | Director, Enterprise Asset Management, Inc. (private real estate and asset management company) | [193] | None | |||||
Leroy C. Richie c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 69 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/7/08 | Counsel, Lewis & Munday, P.C. since 2004; former Vice President and General Counsel, Automotive Legal Affairs, Chrysler Corporation (automotive) | [193] | Digital Ally, Inc. (digital imaging); Infinity, Inc. (oil and gas exploration and production); OGE Energy Corp. (energy and energy services) | |||||
Minor M. Shaw c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 Age [63] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | President – Micco Corporation [(real estate development)] and Mickel Investment Group | [193] | Piedmont Natural Gas |
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Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held or to be Held with the Companies | Term of Office and Length of Time Served as a Director/Trustee | Principal Occupation(s) During | Number of Portfolios in | Other Directorships Held by Nominee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Alison Taunton-Rigby c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 901 S. Marquette Ave. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age 66 | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/13/02 | Chief Executive Officer and Director, RiboNovix, Inc. since 2003 (biotechnology); former President, Aquila Biopharmaceuticals | [193] | Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (biotechnology); Healthways, Inc. (health management programs) |
(1) | If elected to serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board, the Non-Interested Nominee would oversee [141] funds of the RiverSource Fund Complex. If the Non-Interested Nominee also serves, or is elected to serve, on the Columbia Nations Board, then the Non-Interested Nominee would oversee [52] funds of the Columbia Fund Complex, for a total of [193] funds across the Combined Fund Complex. The number of funds overseen by each Non-Interested Nominee would be reduced substantially if those board-approved mergers are approved by shareholders of certain funds in the Combined Fund Complex. |
Information Regarding the Interested Nominees
Background information regarding each of the Interested Nominees follows.
Name, Address and Age | Position(s) | Term of Office and Length of Time Served as a Director/Trustee | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Nominee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Anthony M. Santomero(2) c/o Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 Age [64] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; None | Richard K. Mellon Professor Emeritus of Finance, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, from 1972 through current; Senior Advisor – McKinsey & Company (consulting), July 2006 through January 2008; President and Chief Executive Officer – Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, July 2000 through April 2006 | [193] | BofA Funds Series Trust (11 funds); Renaissance Reinsurance Ltd.; Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company; Citigroup, Inc.; Citibank, N.A. |
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William F. Truscott(3) 53600 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 Age [49] | Director/ Trustee | Indefinite term; Director/Trustee since 11/7/01 | Chairman of the Board, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly RiverSource Investments, LLC) since May 2010 (previously President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer, 2001-April 2010); Senior Vice president, Atlantic Funds, Columbia Funds and Nations Funds since May 2010; Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Asset Management & President – Annuities, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously President – U.S. Asset Management and Chief Investment Officer, 2005-April 2010 and Senior Vice President – Chief Investment Officer, 2001-2005); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2006; Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.) since May 2010 (previously Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, 2008-April 2010); Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006 | [193] | None |
(1) | If elected to serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board, the Interested Nominee would oversee [141] funds of the RiverSource Fund Complex. If the Interested Nominee also serves, or is elected to serve, on the Columbia Nations Board, then the Interested Nominee would oversee [52] funds of the Columbia Fund Complex, for a total of [193] funds across the Combined Fund Complex. The number of funds overseen by each Interested Nominee would be reduced substantially if certain board-approved mergers are approved by shareholders of those funds in the Combined Fund Complex. |
(2) | The Companies would treat Anthony M. Santomero as an “interested person” of the Companies for the reasons set forth above. |
(3) | William F. Truscott is an “interested person” of the Companies for the reasons set forth above. |
Nominees’ Beneficial Ownership of Shares of Each Selling Fund
Exhibit F of this combined proxy statement/prospectus provides information, as of September 30, 2010 (unless otherwise indicated), about the beneficial ownership by the Nominees of shares of each Fund.
Status of Current Directors/Trustees
Kathleen Blatz, Arne H. Carlson, Pamela G. Carlton, Patricia M. Flynn, Anne P. Jones, Jeffrey Laikind, Stephen R. Lewis, Jr., John F. Maher, Catherine James Paglia, Leroy C. Richie, Alison Taunton-Rigby and William F. Truscott currently comprise the entire Columbia RiverSource Board. Due to the mandatory retirement age described above, Ms. Jones and Messrs. Carlson and Laikind have not been re-nominated to serve as directors/trustees to the Columbia RiverSource Boards. The Columbia RiverSource Boards met on [—] occasions during the fiscal year ended [—]. Information about directors of the Columbia RiverSource Board who are also Nominees is set forth under “Information Regarding the Non-Interested Nominees” and “Information Regarding the Interested Nominees” above.
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Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight
[The Columbia RiverSource Board oversees management of the Companies and the Selling Funds. The Columbia RiverSource Board has a duty to act in the best interest of shareholders when supervising and overseeing the management and operations of the Companies. The Columbia RiverSource Board currently consists of twelve directors who have extensive and varied experience and skills. Eleven of the directors are Non-Interested Directors. Information about the background and qualifications of each of the directors can be found in the sections titled “Information Regarding the Non-Interested Nominees” and “Information Regarding the Interested Nominees” above.]
[The Columbia RiverSource Board has appointed William P. Carmichael, a Non-Interested Director, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman actively participates in the development of the agendas for meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Board, presides at meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Board and acts as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other directors/trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Columbia RiverSource Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Companies’ governing documents, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Non-Interested Director any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Columbia RiverSource Board generally.] [The Nominees have agreed, if all of the Nominees are elected by the shareholders of the Company of which they are a series, to appoint Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. as Chairman subsequent to the Meeting.]
[The Columbia RiverSource Board has several standing committees (the “Committees”) which are an integral part of the Selling Funds’ overall governance and risk management oversight structure. The standing Committees are the Board Governance Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Contracts Committee, the Distribution Committee, the Executive Committee, the Investment Review Committee and the Audit Committee. The roles of each Committee are more fully described in the section titled “Current Committees of the Columbia RiverSource Board” below.]
[The Selling Funds have retained Columbia Management as the Funds’ investment manager and administrator. Columbia Management provides the Selling Funds with investment advisory services, and is responsible for day-to-day management and administration of the Selling Funds and management of the risks that arise from the Selling Funds’ investments and operations. The Columbia RiverSource Board is responsible for overseeing Columbia Management and other service providers in the operation of the Companies, including with respect to risk management functions. The Selling Funds and the Companies are subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, and valuation risks, among others. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of Columbia Management, the Selling Funds’ subadvisers and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), who carry out the Selling Funds’ investment management and business affairs. Each of Columbia Management, the Selling Funds’ subadvisers and other service providers has their own, Non-Interested interest in risk management, and their policies and methods of carrying out risk management functions will depend, in part, on their analysis of the risks, functions and business models.]
[Risk oversight forms part of the Columbia RiverSource Board’s general oversight of the Selling Funds and the Companies and is addressed as part of various activities of the Columbia RiverSource Board and Committees. The Columbia RiverSource Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Selling Funds or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or even mitigate their occurrence or effects. As part of its regular oversight of the Companies, the Columbia RiverSource Board, directly and through one or more Committees, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, Columbia Management, the Selling Funds’ subadvisers, the Non-Interested registered public accounting firm for the Selling Funds, and internal auditors for Columbia Management or its affiliates, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Selling Funds and relevant risk functions. The Columbia RiverSource Board and the Audit Committee of each Selling Fund also meet periodically with the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer to receive reports regarding the compliance of the Fund and their principal service providers with the U.S. federal securities laws and their internal compliance policies and procedures. The Columbia RiverSource Board and its Audit Committee has oversight responsibilities with respect to the compliance program of the Selling Funds and certain of their service providers, and also receive periodic and annual reports from the Selling Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, as required under applicable regulations. The Columbia RiverSource Board, with the assistance of the Investment Committee, reviews investment policies and risks in connection with its review of each Selling Fund’s performance, and meets periodically with the portfolio managers of each Selling Fund to receive reports regarding the management of the Funds, including each Selling Fund’s investment risks. In addition, as part of the Columbia RiverSource Board’s periodic review of the Selling Funds’ advisory, subadvisory and other service provider agreements, such Columbia RiverSource Board may consider risk management aspects of their operations and the functions for which they are responsible.]
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[The Non-Interested Directors have engaged Non-Interested legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities. The Columbia RiverSource Board reviews its leadership structure periodically and believes that its structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and non-Interested judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among Committees of directors and the full Columbia RiverSource Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight. In particular, the Columbia RiverSource Board believes that having a Non-Interested Director serve as the chair of the Columbia RiverSource Board and of each Committee promotes independence from Columbia Management in developing agendas and conducting meetings. The Columbia RiverSource Board believes that their Committee structure makes the oversight process more efficient and more effective by allowing smaller groups of directors/trustees to bring increased focus to matters within the purview of each Committee. The leadership structure of the Columbia RiverSource Board, including the manner in which it conducts its risk oversight role, may be changed, at any time and in the discretion of the Columbia RiverSource Board, including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Companies. In this regard, it may be changed in certain respects as the Columbia RiverSource Board consolidates with the Columbia Nations Board and consider enhancing and reconciling various practices that have historically been different.
Current Committees of the Columbia RiverSource Board
The Columbia RiverSource Board has organized the following standing Committees to facilitate its work: the Board Governance Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Contracts Committee, the Distribution Committee, the Executive Committee, the Investment Review Committee and the Audit Committee. These Committees are comprised solely of Non-Interested Directors. The duties of these Committees are described below.
Mr. Lewis, as Chair of the Columbia RiverSource Board, acts as a point of contact between the Non-Interested Directors and Columbia Management between Columbia RiverSource Board meetings in respect of general matters.
Board Governance Committee
[The Board Governance Committee recommends to the Columbia RiverSource Board the size, structure and composition of the Columbia RiverSource Board and its Committees, the compensation to be paid to members of the Columbia RiverSource Board and a process for evaluating the Columbia RiverSource Board’s performance. The Board Governance Committee also reviews candidates for Columbia RiverSource Board membership including candidates recommended by shareholders. The Board Governance Committee also makes recommendations to the Columbia RiverSource Board regarding responsibilities and duties of the Columbia RiverSource Board, oversees proxy voting and supports the work of the Board Chair in relation to furthering the interests of the Selling Funds and their shareholders on external matters.]
[To be considered as a candidate for director/trustee, recommendations must include a curriculum vitae and be mailed to the Chair of the Board, 901 Marquette Avenue South, Suite 2810, Minneapolis, MN 55402-3268. To be timely for consideration by the Board Governance Committee, the submission, including all required information, must be submitted in writing not less than 120 days before the date of the proxy statement for the previous year’s annual meeting of shareholders, if such a meeting is held. The Board Governance Committee will consider only one candidate submitted by such a shareholder or group for nomination for election at a meeting of shareholders. The Board Governance Committee will not consider self-nominated candidates or candidates nominated by members of a candidate’s family, including such candidate’s spouse, children, parents, uncles, aunts, grandparents, nieces and nephews.]
[The Board Governance Committee will consider and evaluate candidates submitted by the nominating shareholder or group on the basis of the same criteria as those used to consider and evaluate candidates submitted from other sources. The Board Governance Committee may take into account a wide variety of factors in considering director candidates, including (but not limited to): (i) the candidate’s knowledge in matters relating to the investment company industry; (ii) any experience possessed by the candidate as a director or senior officer of other public or private companies; (iii) the candidate’s educational background; (iv) the candidate’s reputation for high ethical standards and personal and professional integrity; (v) any specific financial, technical or other expertise possessed by the candidate, and the extent to which such expertise would complement the Columbia RiverSource Board’s existing mix of skills and qualifications; (vi) the candidate’s perceived ability to contribute to the ongoing functions of the Columbia RiverSource Board, including the candidate’s ability and commitment to attend meetings regularly, work collaboratively with other members of the Columbia RiverSource Board and carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the fund; (vii) the candidate’s ability to qualify as an Non-Interested director; and (viii) such other criteria as the Board Governance Committee determines to be relevant in light of the existing composition of the Columbia RiverSource Board and any anticipated vacancies or other factors.]
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[Members of the Board Governance Committee (and/or the Columbia RiverSource Board) also [generally] meet personally with each nominee to evaluate the candidate’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Columbia RiverSource Board, while also exercising non-Interested judgment. Although the Columbia RiverSource Board does not have a formal diversity policy, the Columbia RiverSource Board endeavors to comprise itself of members with a broad mix of professional and personal backgrounds. Thus, the Board Governance Committee and the Columbia RiverSource Board accorded particular weight to the individual professional background of each Non-Interested Director.]
With respect to the directorship of Mr. Truscott, who is an Interested Nominee, the Board Governance Committee of each Columbia RiverSource Board, and the full Columbia RiverSource Board, have concluded that having a senior executive of the investment manager serve on the Columbia RiverSource Board can facilitate the Non-Interested Directors’ increased access to information regarding Columbia Management, which is the Companies’ most significant service provider.
Compliance Committee
The Compliance Committee supports the Selling Funds’ maintenance of a strong compliance program by: providing a forum for Non-Interested Directors to consider compliance matters impacting the Selling Funds or their key service providers; developing and implementing, in coordination with the Selling Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), a process for the review and consideration of compliance reports that are provided to the Columbia RiverSource Board; and providing a designated forum for the Selling Funds’ CCO to meet with Non-Interested Directors on a regular basis to discuss compliance matters.
Contracts Committee
The Contracts Committee reviews and oversees the contractual relationships with service providers. The Contracts Committee receives and analyzes reports covering the level and quality of services provided under contracts with the Selling Fund and advises the Columbia RiverSource Board regarding actions taken on these contracts during the annual review process.
Distribution Committee
The Distribution Committee reviews and supports product development, marketing, sales activity and practices related to the Selling Funds and will report to the Columbia RiverSource Board as appropriate.
Executive Committee
The Executive Committee acts for the Columbia RiverSource Board between meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Board.
Investment Review Committee
The Investment Review Committee reviews and oversees the management of each Selling Funds’ assets. The Investment Review Committee considers investment management policies and strategies, investment performance, risk management techniques, and securities trading practices and reports areas of concern to the Columbia RiverSource Board.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Selling Funds and internal controls over financial reporting. The Audit Committee oversees the quality and integrity of the Selling Funds’ financial statements and Non-Interested audits as well as the Funds’ compliance with legal and regulatory requirements relating to the Funds’ accounting and financial reporting, internal controls over financial reporting and Non-Interested audits. The Audit Committee also makes recommendations regarding the selection of the Selling Funds’ Non-Interested registered public accounting firm and reviews and evaluates the qualifications, independence and performance of the Non-Interested registered public accounting firm.
The Audit Committee oversees the Selling Funds’ risks by, among other things, meeting with the Funds’ internal auditors, establishing procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns about accounting or audit matters, and overseeing the Funds’ Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
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Committee Meetings
The following table shows the number of times the Committees met during each Selling Fund’s most recent fiscal period. The table is organized by fiscal-year end.
Fiscal Period | Board Governance | Compliance | Contracts | Distribution | Executive | Investment Review | Audit | |||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending August 31 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending September 30 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal periods ending November 30 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 6 |
[The Companies’ Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws do not set forth any specific qualifications to serve as a director. The charter of the Board Governance Committee also does not set forth any specific qualifications, but does set forth certain factors that the Board Governance Committee may take into account in considering director candidates. The Board Governance Committee charter is attached as Exhibit G to this combined proxy statement/prospectus.
[The Board Governance Committee does not have a formal process for identifying and evaluating nominees, including nominees recommended by shareholders. Instead, the Board Governance Committee follows the process it deems appropriate under the circumstances. The attributes or skills the Board Governance Committee may take into account in considering director/trustee candidates include: (i) the candidate’s knowledge in matters relating to the investment company industry; (ii) any experience possessed by the candidate as a director or senior officer of other public or private companies; (iii) the candidate’s educational background; (iv) the candidate’s reputation for high ethical standards and personal and professional integrity; (v) any specific financial, technical or other expertise possessed by the candidate, and the extent to which such expertise would complement the Columbia RiverSource Board’s existing mix of skills and qualifications; (vi) the candidate’s perceived ability to contribute to the ongoing functions of the Board, including the candidate’s ability and commitment to attend meetings regularly, work collaboratively with other members of the Board and carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the fund; (vii) the candidate’s ability to qualify as a Non-Interested director; and (viii) such other criteria as the committee determines to be relevant in light of the existing composition of the Board and any anticipated vacancies or other factors. Members of the committee (and/or the Board) also meet personally with each nominee to evaluate the candidate’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board, while also exercising Non-Interested judgment.]
The following is a summary of the particular professional and other experience of each Nominee that qualifies such Nominee to serve as a director of the Companies as of the date of this combined proxy statement/prospectus:
Kathleen Blatz. Ms. Blatz has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2006. Ms. Blatz has ten years of judicial experience and substantial other legal and government experience. Ms. Blatz served as an associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1996 to 1998 and as Chief Justice of the court from 1998 to 2006. Ms. Blatz served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1979 to 1994.
Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. Mr. Boudreau has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2005. In addition, he has over thirty years of business and consulting experience, primarily in the financial services industry, including as the chief executive of a mutual fund management company.
Pamela G. Carlton. Ms. Carlton has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2007. Ms. Carlton has significant experience in consulting and in investments, having served as a Managing Director in U.S. Equity Research at J.P. Morgan Chase.
William P. Carmichael. Mr. Carmichael has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 1999, and has served as Chairman of the Columbia Nations Board and of the boards of the other trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2003. Mr. Carmichael served in various senior financial and directorship positions with global consumer products companies. Mr. Carmichael is a certified public accountant and a licensed attorney.
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Patricia M. Flynn. Ms. Flynn has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2004. Ms. Flynn currently serves as Trustee Professor of Economics and Management of Bentley University, and was the former dean of a graduate school of business.
William A. Hawkins. Mr. Hawkins has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2005. He currently serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of California General Bank and has over thirty years of executive level experience in the banking industry. Mr. Hawkins is a certified financial planner and a chartered property and casualty underwriter, as well as holding series 7, 24 and 63 licenses from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
R. Glenn Hilliard. Mr. Hilliard has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2005. Mr. Hilliard is currently the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Hilliard Group, LLC. Mr. Hilliard has over five years executive level experience in the insurance industry. Mr. Hilliard has served on the board of directors and as non-executive chairman of Conseco, Inc. for a number of years. Mr. Hilliard is also a licensed attorney.
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. Mr. Lewis has been the Chairman of the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2007 and a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2002. From 1987 to 2002, Mr. Lewis served as President of Carleton College, after which he continued to serve as President Emeritus and Professor Emeritus of Economics. Mr. Lewis has more than thirty years experience in Asia and Africa, primarily advising governments on economic policy and negotiations of foreign investment and financing agreements. Mr. Lewis is also a director of Valmont Industries, Inc.
John F. Maher. Mr. Maher has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2008. Mr. Maher has extensive experience in the financial services industry, and was formerly President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Great Western Financial Corporation.
John J. Nagorniak. Mr. Nagorniak has been a trustee of the trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2008. Mr. Nagorniak has served in executive level and director positions for over twenty-five years. He is a chartered financial analyst and is currently a trustee of the Research Foundation of the CFA Institute.
Catherine James Paglia. Ms. Paglia has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2004. Ms. Paglia has extensive experience in the asset management industry, and currently serves as a director of Enterprise Asset Management, Inc., a private real estate and asset management company.
Leroy C. Richie. Mr. Richie has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2008. Mr. Richie has over twenty years of legal experience, including, currently, as Counsel at Lewis & Munday, P.C., and formerly served as Vice President and General Counsel, Automotive Legal Affairs, of Chrysler Corporation from 1990 to 1997.
Anthony M. Santomero. Dr. Santomero has been a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2008. Dr. Santomero has over thirty years of experience as a professor of finance and private consultant specializing in issues including risk management, financial restructuring, credit risk evaluation and management, and regulation. He has served as consultant to financial institutions and agencies in the U.S. and various countries in the European Union and the European Community itself, as well as institutions in various countries around the world. Additionally, Dr. Santomero has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
Minor M. Shaw. Ms. Shaw has served as a trustee of certain trusts in the Columbia Fund Complex since 2003. Ms. Shaw is the President of certain private companies and is a member of the board of Piedmont Natural Gas and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of South Carolina. Ms. Shaw also serves as an active member on the boards of numerous educational and public service organizations.
Alison Taunton-Rigby. Ms. Taunton-Rigby has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2002. Ms. Taunton-Rigby has been the Chief Executive Officer and a director of RiboNovix, Inc. since 2003. She also formerly served as the President of Aquila Biopharmaceuticals.
William F. Truscott. Mr. Truscott has been a director on the Columbia RiverSource Board since 2001. Mr. Truscott has over nine years of experience as President and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management, and currently serves as Chairman of the board of Columbia Management. Mr. Truscott is also an executive officer of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., the parent company of Columbia Management.
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Procedures for Communications to the Columbia RiverSource Board
Shareholders who want to communicate with the Columbia RiverSource Board or an individual director should send written communications to 901 S. Marquette Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55402, addressed to the Columbia RiverSource Board or the individual director. The Secretary of the applicable Company may determine not to forward to the Columbia RiverSource Board or individual directors/trustees any letter that does not relate to the business of a Fund.
Executive Officers of the Companies
Information about the executive officers of each Company is included in Exhibit H of this combined proxy statement/prospectus.
Remuneration for Directors and Officers
The Non-Interested Directors determine the amount of compensation that they receive, including the amount paid to the Chair of the Columbia RiverSource Board. In determining compensation for the Non-Interested Directors, the Non-Interested Directors take into account a variety of factors including, among other things, their collective significant work experience (e.g., in business and finance, government or academia). The Non-Interested Directors also recognize that these individuals’ advice and counsel are in demand by other organizations, that these individuals may reject other opportunities because of the time demands of their duties as Non-Interested Directors, and that they undertake significant legal responsibilities. The Non-Interested Directors also consider the compensation paid to Non-Interested board members of other mutual fund complexes of comparable size. In determining the compensation paid to the Chair, the Non-Interested Directors take into account, among other things, the Chair’s significant additional responsibilities (e.g., setting the agenda for Columbia RiverSource Board meetings, communicating or meeting regularly with the Funds’ CCO, counsel to the Non-Interested Directors, and the Funds’ service providers) which result in a significantly greater time commitment required of the Columbia RiverSource Board Chair. The Chair’s compensation, therefore, has generally been set at a level between 2.5 and 3 times the level of compensation paid to other Non-Interested Directors.
Non-Interested Directors are currently paid an annual retainer of $125,000. Committee and subcommittee Chairs each receive an additional annual retainer of $5,000. In addition, Non-Interested Directors are paid the following fees for attending Columbia RiverSource Board and Committee meetings: $5,000 per day of in-person Columbia RiverSource Board meetings and $2,500 per day of in-person Committee or sub-committee meetings (if such meetings are not held on the same day as a Columbia RiverSource Board meeting). Non-Interested Directors are not paid for special meetings conducted by telephone. In 2010, the Columbia RiverSource Board’s Chair will receive total annual cash compensation of $430,000. [Persons who are employees, officers or directors of Columbia Management receive no remuneration for serving as directors of the Companies.]
The Non-Interested Directors may elect to defer payment of up to 100% of the compensation they receive in accordance with a Deferred Compensation Plan (the Deferred Plan). Under the Deferred Plan, a Columbia RiverSource Board Director may elect to have his or her deferred compensation treated as if they had been invested in shares of one or more Funds in the RiverSource Fund Complex and the amount paid to the Columbia RiverSource Board member under the Deferred Plan will be determined based on the performance of such investments. Distributions may be taken in a lump sum or over a period of years. The Deferred Plan will remain unfunded for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). It is anticipated that deferral of Columbia RiverSource Board member compensation in accordance with the Deferred Plan will have, at most, a negligible impact on fund assets and liabilities. See Exhibit I for information on the amount of compensation paid to the Directors on a Fund-by-Fund basis and in the aggregate.
Board of Directors/Trustees Recommendation and Required Vote
For each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc. and RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust, election of each Nominee requires the affirmative vote of a plurality of all outstanding shares of such Trust (voting together as a single class) present at the Meeting in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon.
For each of Seligman Municipal Series Trust, election of each Nominee requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of each series thereof (voting together as a single class) present at the Meeting in person or by proxy and entitled to vote.
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For Seligman Municipal Fund Series, Inc., election of each Nominee requires the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast.
The election of Nominees to the Board of Directors is not contingent on the approval of any Reorganization. This Proposal 4 is contingent on Proposal 5 to the extent that if shareholders of any of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund elect all 15 Nominees but do not approve the proposed amendment to the charter of such Fund, then William F. Truscott, an “interested person” of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund as defined in section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, will not continue as a director of such Fund.
Each Board of Directors/Trustees unanimously recommends that shareholders vote FOR the election of each Nominee as a Director/Trustee of each Selling Fund.
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Proposal 5. Amending the Articles of Incorporation/Declaration of Trust of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust and RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series Trust, Inc. to Increase the Maximum Number of Board Members
(RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund,
and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund)
As discussed above under Proposal [4], the Columbia Nations Board and the Columbia RiverSource Board have agreed to have a consolidated board of directors/trustees for a portion of the Combined Fund Complex. In order to effect the board of directors/trustees consolidation discussed above, [the Board Governance Committee of each Columbia RiverSource Board has recommended, and each full Columbia RiverSource Board has nominated,] the 16 Nominees for election to the Columbia RiverSource Board, as further described in Proposal [4] (election of directors/trustees). However, the applicable Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust (each a “Charter”) of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (the “Charter Funds”) currently provide that the corporation or trust of which each Charter Fund is a series can have no more than 15 directors/trustees. Accordingly, it is proposed that the applicable provision of each Charter Fund’s Charter be amended (a) to increase the maximum permissible number of directors/trustees to twenty (20) and (b) to provide that any future change in the actual number of directors/trustees within the stated range (e.g., an increase beyond 16 members) shall require the approval of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the directors/trustees then serving.
The relevant provisions of the Charters of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, and the proposed language that would be included in each such Charter, are set forth below:
Current Language | Proposed Language | |
The Trustees serving as such . . . may increase (to not more than fifteen (15)) or decrease the number of Trustees to a number other than the number theretofore determined by a written instrument signed by a Majority of the Trustees to a number other than the number theretofore determined by a written instrument signed by a Majority of the trustees (or by an officer of the Trust pursuant to the vote of a Majority of the Trustees). | The Trustees serving as such . . . may increase (to not more than twenty (20)) or decrease the number of Trustees to a number other than the number theretofore determined by a written instrument signed by at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Trustees. | |
All rights granted to the Shareholders under this Declaration of Trust are granted subject to the reservation of the right to amend this Declaration of Trust as herein provided, except that no amendment shall repeal the limitations on personal liability of any Shareholder or Trustee or the prohibition of assessment upon the Shareholders (otherwise than as permitted under Section 6.2(g)) without the express consent of each Shareholder or Trustee involved. Subject to the foregoing, the provisions of this Declaration of Trust (whether or not related to the rights of Shareholders) may be amended at any time, so long as such amendment does not adversely affect the rights of any Shareholder with respect to which such amendment is or purports to be applicable and so long as such amendment is not in contravention of applicable law, including the 1940 Act, by an instrument in writing signed by a Majority of the Trustees (or by an officer of the Trust pursuant to the vote of a Majority of the Trustees). Any amendment to this Declaration of Trust that adversely affects the rights of all Shareholders may be adopted at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a Majority of | All rights granted to the Shareholders under this Declaration of Trust are granted subject to the reservation of the right to amend this Declaration of Trust as herein provided, except that (A) no amendment shall repeal the limitations on personal liability of any Shareholder or Trustee or the prohibition of assessment upon the Shareholders (otherwise than as permitted under Section 6.2(g)) without the express consent of each Shareholder or Trustee involved, and (B) no amendment shall repeal, modify or change Section 4.1(b) of Article IV [the provision set forth above governing changes in the number of Trustees] without the approval of seventy-five percent (75%) of the Trustees. Subject to the foregoing, the provisions of this Declaration of Trust (whether or not related to the rights of Shareholders) may be amended at any time, so long as such amendment does not adversely affect the rights of any Shareholder with respect to which such amendment is or purports to be applicable and so long as such amendment is not in contravention of applicable law, including the 1940 Act, by an instrument in writing signed by a Majority of the Trustees (or by an officer |
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the Trustees (or by an officer of the Trust pursuant to a vote of a Majority of the Trustees) when authorized to do so by the vote in accordance with Section 7.1 hereof of Shareholders holding a majority of all the Shares outstanding and entitled to vote, without regard to Series . . . . . | of the Trust pursuant to the vote of a Majority of the Trustees). Any amendment to this Declaration of Trust that adversely affects the rights of all Shareholders may be adopted at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a Majority of the Trustees (or by an officer of the Trust pursuant to a vote of a Majority of the Trustees) when authorized to do so by the vote in accordance with Section 7.1 hereof of Shareholders holding a majority of all the Shares outstanding and entitled to vote, without regard to Series . . . . . |
The relevant provisions of the Charter of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, and the proposed language that would be included in the Fund’s Charter, are set forth below.
Current Language | Proposed Language | |
The directors, of which there shall be not less than two nor more than fifteen, shall be elected at the first meeting of the shareholders for an indefinite term and thereafter at each regular meeting of shareholders, to hold office for an indefinite term until the next regular meeting of shareholders, but in any event, they shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualify. The number of directors may be increased or decreased from time to time by action of the Board of Directors. | The directors, of which there shall be not less than two nor more than twenty, shall be elected at the first meeting of the shareholders for an indefinite term and thereafter at each regular meeting of shareholders, to hold office for an indefinite term until the next regular meeting of shareholders, but in any event, they shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualify. The number of directors may be increased or decreased from time to time by action of at least seventy-five percent of the Directors. | |
These Articles of Incorporation, or any provision hereof, may be amended, altered, changed or repealed in the manner prescribed by the laws of the State of Minnesota. | These Articles of Incorporation, or any provision hereof, may be amended, altered, changed or repealed in the manner prescribed by the laws of the State of Minnesota, provided that Section 2 of Article IV [the provision set forth above governing changes in the number of Directors] may not be repealed, modified or changed without the approval of seventy-five percent of the Directors. |
The proposed amendment to each Charter Fund’s Charter would also provide that any future change to such Charter’s provisions regarding the establishment of a maximum or minimum number of directors/trustees would require the approval of seventy-five percent (75%) of the directors/trustees then in office, in addition to any approval by shareholders of the trust or corporation of which each Charter Fund is a series which may be required under the applicable Charter.
Required Vote and Recommendation
The proposed amendment to each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund’s and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund’s Charter requires the affirmative vote of shareholders holding a majority of all the shares of each series of each trust outstanding and entitled to vote.
The proposed amendment to RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund’s Charter requires the affirmative vote of requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of each series of the corporation (voting together as a single class) present and entitled to vote at the Meeting.
THE COLUMBIA RIVERSOURCE BOARD OF EACH CHARTER FUND UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE FOR THE AMENDMENT TO ITS CHARTER.
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SECTION C — PROXY VOTING AND SHAREHOLDER MEETING INFORMATION
Voting. Shareholders of record of each Selling Fund on December 17, 2010 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to vote at the Meeting. With respect to each Reorganization, and the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust and RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc., as applicable, shareholders of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund are entitled to one vote for each dollar of net asset value, or a proportional fractional vote for each fractional dollar, represented by those shares on the Record Date, and shareholders of each of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund, Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund are entitled to one vote per share or a proportionate fractional vote for each fractional share. All share classes of a Selling Fund will vote together as one class on the Selling Fund’s proposed Reorganization. With respect to the election of Nominees for director/trustee, shareholders of each Selling Fund will vote together with shareholders of each other series of the entity of which such Fund is a series, if any, as a single class. Each shareholder of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund is entitled to as many votes equal to the number of dollars of net asset value of shares owned multiplied by the number of Directors/Trustees to be elected and may cast all of such votes for a single Director/Trustee or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them. For Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund, each share may be voted for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted. For Seligman California Municipal High Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, there is no cumulative voting in the election of trustees.
Quorum and Methods of Tabulation. A quorum is required for shareholders of a Selling Fund to take action at the Meeting. For RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, ten percent (10%) of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote, present at the Meeting in person or by proxy, constitutes a quorum. For Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, a majority of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present at the Meeting in person or by proxy, constitutes a quorum. For Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund, thirty-three and one-third percent (33 1/3%) of the shares entitled to vote, present at the Meeting in person or by proxy, constitutes a quorum.
All shares represented at the Meeting in person or by proxy will be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum. Broker non-votes will be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum but not toward the approval of any proposal or the election of Nominees. (Broker non-votes are shares for which the underlying owner has not voted and the broker holding the shares does not have authority to vote.) With respect to the election of Nominees, neither abstentions nor broker non-votes will have an effect on the outcome of the proposal. With respect to each Reorganization, and the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust, RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust and RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc., abstentions and broker non-votes will have the effect of votes against the proposal. In certain circumstances in which a Fund has received sufficient votes to approve a Reorganization, the Fund may request that brokers and nominees, in their discretion, withhold submission of broker non-votes in order to avoid the need for solicitation of additional votes in favor of the proposal. A Fund may also request that selected brokers and nominees, in their discretion, submit broker non-votes, if doing so is necessary to obtain a quorum.
If your shares are held in an IRA account with Ameriprise Trust Company as custodian (the “IRA Custodian”), you have the right to instruct the IRA Custodian how to vote those shares. For each applicable Selling Fund, the IRA Custodian will vote any shares for which it has not received voting instructions in proportionately the same manner as other shareholders of that Selling Fund have voted.
Shareholder Proxies. If you properly authorize your proxy by internet or telephone, or by executing and returning the enclosed proxy card by mail, and your proxy is not subsequently revoked, your vote will be cast at the Meeting and at any postponement or adjournment thereof. If you give instructions, your vote will be cast in accordance with your instructions. If you return your signed proxy card without instructions, your vote will be cast in favor of the Reorganization of your Selling Fund, for each Selling Fund your vote will be cast FOR the election of each Nominee, and, for each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, your vote will be cast FOR the proposed amendments to the Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, as applicable, of the entity of which your Fund is a series.
Proxy Statement Delivery. “Householding” is the term used to describe the practice of delivering one copy of a document to a household of shareholders instead of delivering one copy of a document to each shareholder in the household. Certain shareholders of the Selling Funds who share a common address and who have not opted out of the householding process may receive a single copy of the combined proxy statement/prospectus along with the proxy cards. If you received more than one copy of the combined proxy
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statement/prospectus, you may elect to household in the future if permitted by your financial intermediary. Contact the financial intermediary through which you purchased your shares to determine whether householding is an option for your account. If you received a single copy of the combined proxy statement/prospectus, you may opt out of householding in the future by contacting your financial intermediary.
An additional copy of this combined proxy statement/prospectus may be obtained by writing to [—] at [—] or by calling the Selling Funds’ proxy solicitor, Computershare, toll free, at 1.800.708.7953.
Revoking Your Proxy. If you execute, date and submit a proxy card with respect to your Selling Fund, you may revoke your proxy prior to the meeting by providing written notice to the Funds’ proxy solicitor at Computershare Fund Services, c/o Operation Department, 280 Oser Ave., Hauppauge, NY 11788, or change your vote by submitting a subsequently executed and dated proxy card, by authorizing your proxy by internet or telephone on a later date or by attending the Meeting and casting your vote in person. If you authorize your proxy by internet or telephone, you may change your instructions prior to the meeting by authorizing a subsequent proxy by internet or telephone or by completing, signing and returning a proxy card dated as of a date that is later than your last internet or telephone proxy authorization or by attending the Meeting and casting your vote in person. Merely attending the Meeting without voting will not revoke your prior proxy.
Simultaneous Meetings. The meeting for each Selling Fund will be held simultaneously with the meeting for each other Selling Fund, with each proposal being voted on separately by the shareholders of the relevant Selling Fund. If any shareholder objects to the holding of simultaneous meetings, the shareholder may move for an adjournment of his or her Selling Fund’s meeting to a time after the Meeting so that a meeting for that Selling Fund may be held separately. If a shareholder makes this motion, the persons named as proxies will take into consideration the reasons for the objection in deciding whether to vote in favor of the adjournment, and may vote for or against the adjournment in their discretion.
Solicitation of Proxies. The Board of each Selling Fund is asking for your vote and for you to vote as promptly as possible. The expenses of the solicitation will be allocated to each Fund subject to the limitations described in Exhibit A. Proxies will be solicited primarily through the mailing of the Prospectus/Proxy statement and its enclosures, but proxies may also be solicited though further mailings, telephone calls, personal interviews or e-mail by officers of each Selling Fund or by employees or agents of Columbia Management and its affiliated companies. In addition, Computershare Fund Services, 280 Oser Avenue, Hauppauge, NY, 11788 has been engaged to assist in the solicitation of proxies, at the estimated cost set forth below, plus expenses.
Fund | Estimated Cost | |||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | $ | [ | —] | |
Seligman National Municipal Fund | $ | [ | —] |
Shareholder Proposals. The Selling Funds do not hold annual meetings of shareholders. Shareholders who wish to make a proposal not involving the nomination of a person for election as a director or trustee at a Selling Fund’s next special meeting that may be included in the Selling Fund’s proxy materials must notify the relevant Selling Fund a reasonable amount of time before the Selling Fund begins to print and mail its proxy materials. The fact that a Selling Fund receives such a shareholder proposal in a timely manner does not ensure inclusion of the proposal in the proxy materials, because there are other requirements in the proxy rules relating to such inclusion.
Dissenters’ Right of Appraisal.
Shareholders of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund may be entitled to assert appraisal rights under Sections 302A.471 and 302A.473 of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act in connection with their Selling Fund’s Reorganization and to obtain payment of the “fair value” of their Selling Fund shares, provided that they comply with the requirements of Minnesota law. A copy of the relevant provisions of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act is attached as Exhibit B hereto.
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Notwithstanding Minnesota law, the SEC has taken the position that the use of state appraisal procedures by a mutual fund, such as the Selling Funds, would be a violation of Rule 22c-1, the forward-pricing rule, under the 1940 Act. This rule states that no mutual fund may redeem its shares other than at the net asset value next computed after receipt of a request for redemption. It is the SEC’s position that Rule 22c-1 supersedes appraisal provisions in state statutes.
Shareholders of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund may be entitled to assert appraisal rights under Section 13.02 of the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act in connection with their Selling Fund’s Reorganization and to obtain payment for the “fair value” of their Selling Fund shares, provided that they comply with the requirements of Massachusetts law. A copy of the relevant provisions of the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act is attached as Exhibit C hereto.
Notwithstanding Massachusetts law, the SEC has taken the position that the use of state appraisal procedures by a mutual fund, such as the Selling Funds, would be a violation of Rule 22c-1, the forward-pricing rule, under the 1940 Act. This rule states that no mutual fund may redeem its shares other than at the net asset value next computed after receipt of a request for redemption. It is the SEC’s position that Rule 22c-1 supersedes appraisal provisions in state statutes.
Shareholders of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman New York Municipal Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund have no appraisal or dissenters’ rights.
In the interest of ensuring equal valuation for all Selling Fund shareholders, dissenters’ rights will be determined in accordance with the SEC’s interpretation. As a result, if any shareholder elects to exercise dissenters’ rights under Minnesota law, the relevant Selling Fund intends to submit the question to a court of competent jurisdiction. In that event, a dissenting shareholder would not receive any payment until the end of the court proceeding.
Other Business. The Board of each Selling Fund does not know of any matters to be presented at the Meeting other than the Reorganizations, the amendments to the Articles of Incorporation and the election of Nominees. If other business should properly come before the Meeting, the persons named as proxies will vote thereon in their discretion.
Adjournment. If the quorum required for the Meeting has not been met for any Selling Fund, the persons named as proxies may propose adjournment of the Meeting and vote all shares that they are entitled to vote in favor of such adjournment. If the quorum required for the Meeting has been met, but sufficient votes in favor of one or more proposals are not received by the time scheduled for the Meeting, then the persons named as proxies may move for one or more adjournments of the Meeting as to one or more proposals to allow further solicitation of shareholders. The procedures for adjournment of the Meeting for each Selling Fund are as follows:
• | For RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, the holders of less than a quorum of shares may adjourn from time to time. Any adjourned session or sessions may be held within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting without the necessity of further notice. |
• | For Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, if a quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the shareholders, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until the requisite amount of shares entitled to vote at such meeting shall be present. |
• | For Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund, if a quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the shareholders, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until the requisite number of shares entitled to vote at such meeting shall be present. If, however, such quorum is not present at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders or the chairman of the meeting shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. |
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• | For RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, the holders of less than a quorum of shares may adjourn from time to time without further notice, other than by notice at the time, until a quorum is secured at any such adjourned meeting. |
The persons named as proxies will vote in favor of adjournment with respect to a proposal those shares they are entitled to vote in favor of such proposal. They will vote against any such adjournment those shares they are required to vote against such proposal. The costs of any additional solicitation and of any adjourned Meeting will be borne in the same manner as the other expenses associated with the proposals described herein. Any proposal for which sufficient favorable votes have been received may be acted upon and considered final regardless of whether the Meeting is adjourned to permit additional solicitation with respect to any other proposal.
SECTION D — CAPITALIZATION, OWNERSHIP OF FUND SHARES AND FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
This section contains the following information about the Buying Funds and the Selling Funds (all information is shown for the most recently ended fiscal year unless otherwise noted):
Table | Content | |
C-1 | Current and pro forma capitalization of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund | |
C-2 | Current and pro forma ownership of shares of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund | |
C-3 | Financial highlights of each Buying Fund |
The Funds’ Investment Manager and Distributor. Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the investment manager for each Fund. Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 is the distributor for each Fund.
Capitalization of Selling Funds and Buying Funds
The following table shows the capitalization of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund, Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund as of April 30, 2010 and of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, Seligman National Municipal Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund as of May 31, 2010 and of each Fund on a pro forma basis, assuming the proposed Reorganization had taken place as of that date. The pro forma combined net assets are determined by adding the net assets of the Selling Fund and the net assets of the corresponding Buying Fund. The pro forma combined shares outstanding are determined by dividing the net assets of the Selling Fund by the net asset value per share of the Buying Fund and adding the actual shares outstanding of the Buying Fund.
Table C-1. Current and Pro Forma Capitalization of each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund
Fund | Net assets | Net asset value per share | Shares outstanding | |||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 147,655,468 | $ | 5.01 | 29,487,852 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 2,639,682 | $ | 5.01 | 527,266 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 3,236,086 | $ | 5.01 | 645,438 | |||||||
Total | $ | 153,531,236 | 30,660,556 | |||||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 36,216,958 | $ | 6.46 | 5,604,418 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 3,439,172 | $ | 6.43 | 534,542 | |||||||
Total | $ | 39,656,130 | 6,138,960 | |||||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 28,367,326 | $ | 6.49 | 4,367,831 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 6,056,645 | $ | 6.50 | 931,450 | |||||||
Total | $ | 34,423,971 | 5,299,281 | |||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) |
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Fund | Net assets | Net asset value per share | Shares outstanding | |||||||||
Class A | $ | 264,130,883 | $ | 7.43 | 35,549,990 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 3,570,616 | $ | 7.43 | 480,581 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 29,955,506 | $ | 7.43 | 4,031,761 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 96,398,824 | $ | 7.43 | 12,974,632 | |||||||
Total | $ | 394,055,829 | 53,036,964 | |||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma Combined)* | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 476,353,303 | $ | 7.43 | 64,115,233 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 6,210,064 | $ | 7.43 | 835,854 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 42,685,443 | $ | 7.43 | 5,745,341 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 96,392,498 | $ | 7.43 | 12,974,632 | |||||||
Total | $ | 621,641,308 | 83,671,060 | |||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 74,808,304 | $ | 8.11 | 9,222,835 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 8,444,988 | $ | 8.13 | 1,039,098 | |||||||
Total | $ | 83,253,292 | 10,261,933 | |||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 51,092,777 | $ | 5.00 | 10,210,738 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 1,944,518 | $ | 5.00 | 388,599 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 1,007,561 | $ | 5.00 | 201,392 | |||||||
Total | $ | 54,044,856 | 10,800,729 | |||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Current) (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 50,991,932 | $ | 7.15 | 7,127,000 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 6,298,162 | $ | 7.15 | 880,251 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 8,946,759 | $ | 7.15 | 1,250,450 | |||||||
Total | $ | 66,236,853 | 9,257,701 | |||||||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma Combined)* | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 176,878,450 | $ | 7.15 | 24,735,543 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 8,240,881 | $ | 7.15 | 1,152,212 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 18,396,753 | $ | 7.15 | 2,572,485 | |||||||
Total | $ | 203,516,084 | 28,460,240 | |||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 2,210,002,615 | $ | 4.27 | 517,441,482 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 35,885,936 | $ | 4.27 | 8,409,515 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 16,784,875 | $ | 4.27 | 3,928,207 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,262,673,426 | 529,779,204 | |||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 608,774,056 | $ | 7.84 | 77,619,213 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 34,518,422 | $ | 7.88 | 4,380,219 | |||||||
Total | $ | 643,292,478 | 81,999,432 |
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Fund | Net Assets | Net asset value per share | Shares Outstanding | |||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) (Current) | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 1,355,101,831 | $ | 13.34 | 101,616,580 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 9,620,987 | $ | 13.34 | 721,470 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 36,661,794 | $ | 13.34 | 2,749,209 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 834,280,768 | $ | 13.34 | 62,561,264 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,235,665,380 | 167,648,523 | |||||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Pro Forma Combined)* | ||||||||||||
Class A | $ | 4,173,539,987 | $ | 13.34 | 312,894,714 | |||||||
Class B | $ | 45,502,958 | $ | 13.34 | 3,411,279 | |||||||
Class C | $ | 87,957,988 | $ | 13.34 | 6,594,526 | |||||||
Class Z | $ | 834,273,288 | $ | 13.34 | 62,561,264 | |||||||
Total | $ | 5,141,274,221 | 385,461,783 |
* | Pro forma figures reflect the effect of estimated Reorganization costs. |
Ownership of Selling Fund and Buying Fund Shares
The following table provides information on each person who may be deemed to be a “control person” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of a Fund as of October 31, 2010 because it owns, directly or indirectly, of record more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, by virtue of its fiduciary roles with respect to its clients or otherwise. A control person may be able to facilitate shareholder approval of proposals it favors and to impede shareholder approval of proposals it opposes. In this regard, if a control person owns a sufficient number of a Fund’s outstanding shares, then, for certain shareholder proposals, such control person may be able to approve, or to prevent approval, of such proposals without regard to votes by other Fund shareholders.
[Table to be inserted]
The following table provides information on shareholders who owned of record or, to the knowledge of the Fund, beneficially, more than 5% of any class of a Fund’s outstanding shares as of October 31, 2010. [[As of October 31, 2010, the officers and directors/trustees of each Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of such Fund.]]
Table C-2. Current and Pro Forma Ownership of Fund Shares
Fund | >5% owners | Percent of shares held | Percent of shares held following Reorganization | |||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class B | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | ||||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% |
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Fund | >5% owners | Percent of shares held | Percent of shares held following Reorganization | |||||||||
Class B | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Class Z | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) |
| |||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) |
| |||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class B | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Columbia New York Tax Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) |
| |||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Class B | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) |
| |||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class B | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) |
| |||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | N/A | |||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) |
| |||||||||||
Class A | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Class B | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Class C | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% | ||||||
Class Z | [ | ·] | [ | ·]% | [ | ·]% |
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The financial highlights tables below are designed to help you understand how each Buying Fund has performed for the past five full fiscal years or, if shorter, the Buying Fund’s period of operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Buying Fund share. The total return line indicates how much an investment in the Buying Fund would have earned each period assuming any dividends and distributions had been reinvested. The information shown below for each Buying Fund has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with these Funds’ financial statements, is included in these Funds’ annual report to shareholders except that the six month period ended April 30, 2010 for each of Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund and the six month period ended May 31, 2010 for Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund are unaudited. The independent registered public accounting Firm’s reports and the Buying Funds’ financial statements are also incorporated by reference into the Merger SAI.
Table C-3. Financial Highlights of Buying Funds
Financial Highlights – Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class A Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended April 30, 2010 | Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Year Ended October 31, 2007 | Year Ended October 31, 2006 | Year Ended October 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 7.30 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 7.55 | $ | 7.74 | $ | 7.59 | $ | 7.74 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.31 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.15 | 0.59 | (0.79 | ) | (0.16 | ) | 0.18 | (0.15 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.31 | 0.90 | (0.49 | ) | 0.14 | 0.49 | 0.16 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.16 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.31 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gains | (0.02 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.03 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.18 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.31 | ) | ||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 7.43 | $ | 7.30 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 7.55 | $ | 7.74 | $ | 7.59 | ||||||||||||
Total return(c)(d) | 4.32 | %(e) | 13.76 | % | (6.80 | )% | 1.86 | % | 6.61 | % | 2.05 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses(f) | 0.84 | %(g) | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.83 | % | 0.83 | % | 0.90 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.03 | %(g) | 0.02 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.02 | % | — | %(h) | ||||||||||||
Net investment income(f) | 4.34 | %(g) | 4.38 | % | 4.14 | % | 3.99 | % | 4.04 | % | 4.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 7 | %(e) | 14 | % | 12 | % | 12 | % | 10 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 264,131 | $ | 265,594 | $ | 263,220 | $ | 281,254 | $ | 292,740 | $ | 303,486 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
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(e) | Not annualized. |
(f) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
Financial Highlights - Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class B Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended April 30, 2010 | Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Year Ended October 31, 2007 | Year Ended October 31, 2006 | Year Ended October 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 7.30 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 7.55 | $ | 7.74 | $ | 7.59 | $ | 7.74 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.15 | 0.59 | (0.80 | ) | (0.17 | ) | 0.18 | (0.15 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.28 | 0.85 | (0.55 | ) | 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.10 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.13 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.24 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.25 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gains | (0.02 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.03 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.15 | ) | (0.26 | ) | (0.29 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.25 | ) | ||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 7.43 | $ | 7.30 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 7.55 | $ | 7.74 | $ | 7.59 | ||||||||||||
Total return(c)(d) | 3.93 | %(e) | 12.92 | % | (7.49 | )% | 1.10 | % | 5.82 | % | 1.29 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses(f) | 1.59 | %(g) | 1.59 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.58 | % | 1.58 | % | 1.65 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.03 | %(g) | 0.02 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.02 | % | — | %(h) | ||||||||||||
Net investment income(f) | 3.59 | %(g) | 3.65 | % | 3.38 | % | 3.25 | % | 3.29 | % | 3.25 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 7 | %(e) | 14 | % | 12 | % | 12 | % | 10 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 3,571 | $ | 5,377 | $ | 9,740 | $ | 16,123 | $ | 24,004 | $ | 30,327 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(e) | Not annualized. |
(f) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
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Financial Highlights - Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class C Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended April 30, 2010 | Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Year Ended October 31, 2007 | Year Ended October 31, 2006 | Year Ended October 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 7.30 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 7.55 | $ | 7.74 | $ | 7.59 | $ | 7.74 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.15 | 0.59 | (0.80 | ) | (0.16 | ) | 0.18 | (0.15 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.29 | 0.87 | (0.53 | ) | 0.11 | 0.45 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.14 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.27 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gains | (0.02 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.03 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.16 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.27 | ) | ||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 7.43 | $ | 7.30 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 7.55 | $ | 7.74 | $ | 7.59 | ||||||||||||
Total return(c)(d) | 4.08 | %(e) | 13.25 | % | (7.22 | ) % | 1.40 | % | 6.13 | % | 1.59 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses(f) | 1.29 | %(g) | 1.29 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.28 | % | 1.28 | % | 1.35 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.33 | %(g) | 0.32 | % | 0.31 | % | 0.33 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.30 | % | ||||||||||||
Net investment income(f) | 3.89 | %(g) | 3.91 | % | 3.69 | % | 3.54 | % | 3.59 | % | 3.55 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 7 | %(e) | 14 | % | 12 | % | 12 | % | 10 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 29,956 | $ | 28,928 | $ | 21,899 | $ | 16,765 | $ | 16,224 | $ | 17,063 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(e) | Not annualized. |
(f) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(g) | Annualized. |
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Financial Highlights - Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class A Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended April 30, 2010 | Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Year Ended October 31, 2007 | Year Ended October 31, 2006 | Year Ended October 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 7.25 | $ | 6.55 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 7.70 | $ | 7.61 | $ | 7.84 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.31 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.13 | 0.78 | (0.87 | ) | (0.19 | ) | 0.15 | (0.22 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.28 | 1.09 | (0.56 | ) | 0.12 | 0.47 | 0.09 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.20 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.30 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gains | (0.18 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.02 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.38 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.32 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 7.15 | $ | 7.25 | $ | 6.55 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 7.70 | $ | 7.61 | ||||||||||||
Total return(b) (c) | 3.96 | %(d) | 17.24 | % | (7.86 | )% | 1.59 | % | 6.31 | % | 1.19 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses(e) | 0.84 | %(f) | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.84 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.28 | %(f) | 0.25 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.14 | % | ||||||||||||
Net investment income(e) | 4.24 | %(f) | 4.47 | % | 4.29 | % | 4.15 | % | 4.16 | % | 4.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 3 | %(d) | 20 | % | 17 | % | 15 | % | 9 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 50,992 | $ | 50,469 | $ | 42,819 | $ | 49,751 | $ | 56,050 | $ | 58,004 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge. |
(c) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(d) | Not annualized. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(f) | Annualized. |
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Financial Highlights - Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class B Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended April 30, 2010 | Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Year Ended October 31, 2007 | Year Ended October 31, 2006 | Year Ended October 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 7.25 | $ | 6.55 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 7.70 | $ | 7.61 | $ | 7.84 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.13 | 0.78 | (0.88 | ) | (0.20 | ) | 0.15 | (0.21 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.25 | 1.03 | (0.62 | ) | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.04 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.17 | ) | (0.24 | ) | (0.24 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.25 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gains | (0.18 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.02 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.35 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (0.27 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 7.15 | $ | 7.25 | $ | 6.55 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 7.70 | $ | 7.61 | ||||||||||||
Total return(b)(c) | 3.58 | %(d) | 16.38 | % | (8.54 | )% | 0.83 | % | 5.52 | % | 0.44 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses(e) | 1.59 | %(f) | 1.59 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.59 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.28 | %(f) | 0.25 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.14 | % | ||||||||||||
Net investment income(e) | 3.50 | %(f) | 3.73 | % | 3.54 | % | 3.40 | % | 3.41 | % | 3.25 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 3 | %(d) | 20 | % | 17 | % | 15 | % | 9 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 6,298 | $ | 8,217 | $ | 10,084 | $ | 16,192 | $ | 22,782 | $ | 28,278 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(c) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(d) | Not annualized. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(f) | Annualized. |
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Financial Highlights - Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class C Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended April 30, 2010 | Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Year Ended October 31, 2007 | Year Ended October 31, 2006 | Year Ended October 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 7.25 | $ | 6.55 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 7.70 | $ | 7.61 | $ | 7.84 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.13 | 0.78 | (0.87 | ) | (0.19 | ) | 0.15 | (0.22 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.26 | 1.06 | (0.59 | ) | 0.09 | 0.43 | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.18 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.27 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gains | (0.18 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.02 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total distributions to shareholders | (0.36 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.29 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 7.15 | $ | 7.25 | $ | 6.55 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 7.70 | $ | 7.61 | ||||||||||||
Total return(b)(c) | 3.73 | %(d) | 16.72 | % | (8.27 | )% | 1.14 | % | 5.84 | % | 0.74 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses(e) | 1.29 | %(f) | 1.29 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.29 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.58 | %(f) | 0.55 | % | 0.54 | % | 0.51 | % | 0.51 | % | 0.44 | % | ||||||||||||
Net investment income(e) | 3.79 | %(f) | 4.02 | % | 3.84 | % | 3.69 | % | 3.71 | % | 3.55 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 3 | %(d) | 20 | % | 17 | % | 15 | % | 9 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 8,947 | $ | 9,031 | $ | 8,319 | $ | 9,729 | $ | 9,461 | $ | 9,974 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(c) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(d) | Not annualized. |
(e) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(f) | Annualized. |
Financial Highlights - Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class A Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended May 31, 2010 | Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Year Ended November 30, 2007 | Year Ended November 30, 2006 | Year Ended November 30, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 13.05 | $ | 11.95 | $ | 13.52 | $ | 13.88 | $ | 13.49 | $ | 13.51 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.62 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.28 | 1.09 | (1.57 | ) | (0.37 | ) | 0.38 | (0.03 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.58 | 1.69 | (0.98 | ) | 0.23 | 0.99 | 0.59 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.29 | ) | (0.59 | ) | (0.59 | ) | (0.59 | ) | (0.60 | ) | (0.61 | ) |
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Increase from regulatory settlements | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 13.34 | $ | 13.05 | $ | 11.95 | $ | 13.52 | $ | 13.88 | $ | 13.49 | ||||||||||||
Total return(c) | 4.51 | %(d) | 14.42 | % | (7.48 | ) % | 1.74 | % | 7.53 | % | 4.41 | %(e) | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense and fees(f) | 0.80 | %(g) | 0.80 | % | 0.78 | % | 0.78 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.82 | % | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and fees | — | — | %(h)(i) | 0.02 | %(h) | 0.04 | %(h) | 0.05 | %(h) | 0.04 | %(h) | |||||||||||||
Net expenses(f) | 0.80 | %(g) | 0.80 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.82 | % | 0.85 | % | 0.86 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | — | — | — | — | — | — | %(i) | |||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(f) | 4.49 | %(g) | 4.73 | % | 4.56 | % | 4.40 | % | 4.46 | % | 4.50 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 8 | %(d) | 12 | % | 14 | % | 13 | % | 5 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 1,355,102 | $ | 1,362,545 | $ | 1,296,698 | $ | 1,533,614 | $ | 1,646,201 | $ | 1,577,102 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Not annualized. |
(e) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(f) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Interest expense and fees relate to the Fund’s liability with respect to floating-rate notes held in conjunction with investments in inverse floating rate obligations. |
(i) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
Financial Highlights - Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class B Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended May 31, 2010 | Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Year Ended November 30, 2007 | Year Ended November 30, 2006 | Year Ended November 30, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 13.05 | $ | 11.95 | $ | 13.52 | $ | 13.88 | $ | 13.49 | $ | 13.51 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.51 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.28 | 1.10 | (1.58 | ) | (0.37 | ) | 0.39 | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.53 | 1.60 | (1.08 | ) | 0.13 | 0.89 | 0.49 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.24 | ) | (0.50 | ) | (0.49 | ) | (0.49 | ) | (0.50 | ) | (0.51 | ) | ||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | — |
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Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 13.34 | $ | 13.05 | $ | 11.95 | $ | 13.52 | $ | 13.88 | $ | 13.49 | ||||||||||||
Total return(c) | 4.12 | %(d) | 13.57 | % | (8.17 | )% | 0.98 | % | 6.73 | % | 3.63 | %(e) | ||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense and fees(f) | 1.55 | %(g) | 1.55 | % | 1.53 | % | 1.53 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.57 | % | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and fees | — | — | %(h)(i) | 0.02 | %(h) | 0.04 | %(h) | 0.05 | %(h) | 0.04 | %(h) | |||||||||||||
Net expenses(f) | 1.55 | %(g) | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.57 | % | 1.60 | % | 1.61 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | — | — | — | — | — | — | %(i) | |||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(f) | 3.74 | %(g) | 4.00 | % | 3.81 | % | 3.65 | % | 3.71 | % | 3.75 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 8 | %(d) | 12 | % | 14 | % | 13 | % | 5 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 9,621 | $ | 12,775 | $ | 17,816 | $ | 27,047 | $ | 43,771 | $ | 38,193 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Not annualized. |
(e) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(f) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Interest expense and fees relate to the Fund’s liability with respect to floating-rate notes held in conjunction with investments in inverse floating rate obligations. |
(i) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
Financial Highlights - Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
Class C Shares | (Unaudited) Six Months Ended May 31, 2010 | Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Year Ended November 30, 2007 | Year Ended November 30, 2006 | Year Ended November 30, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 13.05 | $ | 11.95 | $ | 13.52 | $ | 13.88 | $ | 13.49 | $ | 13.51 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.26 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.53 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts | 0.28 | 1.09 | (1.57 | ) | (0.36 | ) | 0.39 | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.54 | 1.61 | (1.06 | ) | 0.15 | 0.91 | 0.51 | |||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.25 | ) | (0.51 | ) | (0.51 | ) | (0.51 | ) | (0.52 | ) | (0.53 | ) | ||||||||||||
Increase from regulatory settlements | — | (b) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 13.34 | $ | 13.05 | $ | 11.95 | $ | 13.52 | $ | 13.88 | $ | 13.49 | ||||||||||||
Total return(c)(d) | 4.20 | %(e) | 13.74 | % | (8.05 | )% | 1.13 | % | 6.89 | % | 3.78 | % |
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Ratios to Average Net Assets/Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net expenses before interest expense and fees(f) | 1.40 | %(g) | 1.40 | % | 1.38 | % | 1.38 | % | 1.40 | % | 1.42 | % | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and fees | — | — | %(h)(i) | 0.02 | %(h) | 0.04 | %(h) | 0.05 | %(h) | 0.04 | %(h) | |||||||||||||
Net expenses(f) | 1.40 | %(g) | 1.40 | % | 1.40 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.45 | % | 1.46 | % | ||||||||||||
Waiver/Reimbursement | 0.15 | %(g) | 0.15 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.15 | % | ||||||||||||
Net investment income(f) | 3.89 | %(g) | 4.11 | % | 3.95 | % | 3.78 | % | 3.83 | % | 3.90 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 8 | %(e) | 12 | % | 14 | % | 13 | % | 5 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s) | $ | 36,662 | $ | 34,079 | $ | 25,023 | $ | 22,650 | $ | 20,789 | $ | 10,396 |
(a) | Per share data was calculated using the average shares outstanding during the period. |
(b) | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
(c) | Total return at net asset value assuming all distributions reinvested and no contingent deferred sales charge. |
(d) | Had the investment advisor and/or any of its affiliates not waived fees or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been reduced. |
(e) | Not annualized. |
(f) | The benefits derived from expense reductions had an impact of less than 0.01%. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Interest expense and fees relate to the Fund’s liability with respect to floating-rate notes held in conjunction with investments in inverse floating rate obligations. |
(i) | Rounds to less than 0.01%. |
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Costs of the Reorganizations
Each Selling Fund and the corresponding Buying Fund may bear a portion of the out-of-pocket expenses associated with its Reorganization. Out-of-pocket expenses associated with a Reorganization include, but are not limited to: (1) the expenses associated with the preparation, printing and mailing of any shareholder communications, including this proxy statement/prospectus, and any filings with the SEC and/or other governmental authorities in connection with the Reorganization; (2) the fees and expenses of any proxy solicitation firm retained in connection with the Reorganization; and (3) the legal and other fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization.
All fees paid to governmental authorities for the registration or qualification of the Buying Fund shares to be issued in the Reorganization and all transfer agency costs related to such shares will be allocated to the Buying Fund. All fees and expenses related to printing and mailing communications to Selling Fund shareholders will be allocated to the Selling Fund. All of the other out-of-pocket expenses of a Reorganization including, without limitation, accounting, legal and custodial expenses, will be allocated equally among the applicable Funds. Following this initial allocation among the Funds, Columbia Management limits the expenses actually borne by a Fund to the anticipated reduction in expenses to be incurred by that Fund over the first year following the Reorganization. Any reduction in the Reorganization expenses borne by a Fund as a result of this limitation is absorbed by Columbia Management, not by any other Fund. The estimated costs of each Reorganization expected to be borne by each Selling Fund and each Buying Fund, in the aggregate and on a per-share basis based on shares outstanding as of August 31, 2010, are set forth below:
Costs Estimated to be Borne | ||||||||
Fund | Total | Per Share | ||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 244,581.00 | $ | 0.000 | ||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 92,437.00 | $ | 0.001 | ||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 25,858.00 | $ | 0.001 | ||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 18,916.67 | $ | 0.002 | ||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 20,045.00 | $ | 0.000 |
[[Classes A and B of Columbia New York Tax Exempt Fund and Columbia California Tax Exempt Fund are not expected to benefit from expense savings as a result of the Reorganizations, but they nevertheless will bear a proportionate share of any Reorganization expenses allocated to the Fund.]]
Should any Reorganization fail to occur, Columbia Management will bear all costs associated with that Reorganization.
Based on the operating expense ratios shown in the Fees and Expenses section above for each Buying Fund, it is projected that, after the Reorganizations, assuming all of the Reorganizations are consummated, each class of each Selling Fund will benefit from expense savings that will offset the allocated Reorganization expenses. However, the benefit of those projected expense savings will not be realized immediately. It is projected that the aggregate expense savings for the Selling Funds will not exceed the allocated Reorganization expenses of each Selling Fund until approximately the number of months after its Reorganization set forth below.
Fund | Number of Months | |
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | N/A | |
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | N/A | |
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | N/A | |
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | N/A | |
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | N/A | |
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | 3 | |
Seligman National Municipal Fund | 2 |
If a shareholder redeems his or her shares prior to the indicated time, the shareholder will receive no net benefit from the projected expense savings.
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Minnesota Business Corporation Act Sections 302A.471 and 302A.473
If you are a shareholder of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, Minnesota law requires that we provide you with a copy of the state law on dissenters’ rights. Notwithstanding the provisions of the law set out below, the SEC has taken the position that use of state appraisal procedures by a registered mutual fund would be a violation of Rule 22c-1, the forward pricing rule, under the 1940 Act. As a result, if any shareholder elects to exercise dissenters’ rights under Minnesota law, the applicable Selling Fund intends to submit this question to a court of competent jurisdiction. In that event, a dissenting shareholder would not receive any payment until the end of the court proceeding.
302A.471. Rights of dissenting shareholders
Subdivision 1. Actions creating rights. A shareholder of a corporation may dissent from, and obtain payment for the fair value of the shareholder’s shares in the event of, any of the following corporate actions:
(a) | unless otherwise provided in the articles, an amendment of the articles that materially and adversely affects the rights or preferences of the shares of the dissenting shareholder in that it: |
(1) | alters or abolishes a preferential right of the shares; |
(2) | creates, alters, or abolishes a right in respect of the redemption of the shares, including a provision respecting a sinking fund for the redemption or repurchase of the shares; |
(3) | alters or abolishes a preemptive right of the holder of the shares to acquire shares, securities other than shares, or rights to purchase shares or securities other than shares; |
(4) | excludes or limits the right of a shareholder to vote on a matter, or to cumulate votes, except as the right may be excluded or limited through the authorization or issuance of securities of an existing or new class or series with similar or different voting rights; except that an amendment to the articles of an issuing public corporation that provides that section 302A.671 does not apply to a control share acquisition does not give rise to the right to obtain payment under this section; |
(5) | eliminates the right to obtain payment under this subdivision; |
(b) | a sale, lease, transfer, or other disposition of property and assets of the corporation that requires shareholder approval under section 302A.661, subdivision 2, but not including a disposition in dissolution described in section 302A.725, subdivision 2, or a disposition pursuant to an order of a court, or a disposition for cash on terms requiring that all or substantially all of the net proceeds of disposition be distributed to the shareholders in accordance with their respective interests within one year after the date of disposition; |
(c) | a plan of merger, whether under this chapter or under chapter 322B, to which the corporation is a constituent organization, except as provided in subdivision 3, and except for a plan of merger adopted under section 302A.626; |
(d) | a plan of exchange, whether under this chapter or under chapter 322B, to which the corporation is a party as the corporation whose shares will be acquired by the acquiring organization, except as provided in subdivision 3; |
(e) | a plan of conversion adopted by the corporation; or |
(f) | any other corporate action taken pursuant to a shareholder vote with respect to which the articles, the bylaws, or a resolution approved by the board directs that dissenting shareholders may obtain payment for their shares. |
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Subdivision 2. Beneficial owners.
(a) | A shareholder shall not assert dissenters’ rights as to less than all of the shares registered in the name of the shareholder, unless the shareholder dissents with respect to all the shares that are beneficially owned by another person but registered in the name of the shareholder and discloses the name and address of each beneficial owner on whose behalf the shareholder dissents. In that event, the rights of the dissenter shall be determined as if the shares as to which the shareholder has dissented and the other shares were registered in the names of different shareholders. |
(b) | A beneficial owner of shares who is not the shareholder may assert dissenters’ rights with respect to shares held on behalf of the beneficial owner, and shall be treated as a dissenting shareholder under the terms of this section and section 302A.473, if the beneficial owner submits to the corporation at the time of or before the assertion of the rights a written consent of the shareholder. |
Subdivision 3. Rights not to apply.
(a) | Unless the articles, the bylaws, or a resolution approved by the board otherwise provide, the right to obtain payment under this section does not apply to a shareholder of (1) the surviving corporation in a merger with respect to shares of the shareholder that are not entitled to be voted on the merger and are not canceled or exchanged in the merger or (2) the corporation whose shares will be acquired by the acquiring organization in a plan of exchange with respect to shares of the shareholder that are not entitled to be voted on the plan of exchange and are not exchanged in the plan of exchange. |
(b) | If a date is fixed according to section 302A.445, subdivision 1, for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to vote on an action described in subdivision 1, only shareholders as of the date fixed, and beneficial owners as of the date fixed who hold through shareholders, as provided in subdivision 2, may exercise dissenters’ rights. |
(c) | Notwithstanding subdivision 1, the right to obtain payment under this section, other than in connection with a plan of merger adopted under section 302A.621, is limited in accordance with the following provisions: |
(1) | The right to obtain payment under this section is not available for the holders of shares of any class or series of shares that is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Global Market, or the NASDAQ Global Select Market. |
(2) | The applicability of clause (1) is determined as of: |
(i) | the record date fixed to determine the shareholders entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at, the meeting of shareholders to act upon the corporate action described in subdivision 1; or |
(ii) | the day before the effective date of corporate action described in subdivision 1 if there is no meeting of shareholders. |
(3) | Clause (1) is not applicable, and the right to obtain payment under this section is available pursuant to subdivision 1, for the holders of any class or series of shares who are required by the terms of the corporate action described in subdivision 1 to accept for such shares anything other than shares, or cash in lieu of fractional shares, of any class or any series of shares of a domestic or foreign corporation, or any other ownership interest of any other organization, that satisfies the standards set forth in clause (1) at the time the corporate action becomes effective. |
Subdivision 4. Other rights. The shareholders of a corporation who have a right under this section to obtain payment for their shares, or who would have the right to obtain payment for their shares absent the exception set forth in paragraph (c) of subdivision 3, do not have a right at law or in equity to have a corporate action described in subdivision 1 set aside or rescinded, except when the corporate action is fraudulent with regard to the complaining shareholder or the corporation.
302A.473. Procedures for asserting dissenters’ rights
Subdivision 1. Definitions.
(a) | For purposes of this section, the terms defined in this subdivision have the meanings given them. |
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(b) | “Corporation” means the issuer of the shares held by a dissenter before the corporate action referred to in section 302A.471, subdivision 1 or the successor by merger of that issuer. |
(c) | “Fair value of the shares” means the value of the shares of a corporation immediately before the effective date of the corporate action referred to in section 302A.471, subdivision 1. |
(d) | “Interest” means interest commencing five days after the effective date of the corporate action referred to in section 302A.471, subdivision 1, up to and including the date of payment, calculated at the rate provided in section 549.09 for interest on verdicts and judgments. |
Subdivision 2. Notice of action. If a corporation calls a shareholder meeting at which any action described in section 302A.471, subdivision 1 is to be voted upon, the notice of the meeting shall inform each shareholder of the right to dissent and shall include a copy of section 302A.471 and this section and a brief description of the procedure to be followed under these sections.
Subdivision 3. Notice of dissent. If the proposed action must be approved by the shareholders and the corporation holds a shareholder meeting, a shareholder who is entitled to dissent under section 302A.471 and who wishes to exercise dissenters’ rights must file with the corporation before the vote on the proposed action a written notice of intent to demand the fair value of the shares owned by the shareholder and must not vote the shares in favor of the proposed action.
Subdivision 4. Notice of procedure; deposit of shares.
(a) | After the proposed action has been approved by the board and, if necessary, the shareholders, the corporation shall send to (i) all shareholders who have complied with subdivision 3, (ii) all shareholders who did not sign or consent to a written action that gave effect to the action creating the right to obtain payment under section 302A.471, and (iii) all shareholders entitled to dissent if no shareholder vote was required, a notice that contains: |
(1) | the address to which a demand for payment and certificates of certificated shares must be sent in order to obtain payment and the date by which they must be received; |
(2) | any restrictions on transfer of uncertificated shares that will apply after the demand for payment is received; |
(3) | a form to be used to certify the date on which the shareholder, or the beneficial owner on whose behalf the shareholder dissents, acquired the shares or an interest in them and to demand payment; and |
(4) | a copy of section 302A.471 and this section and a brief description of the procedures to be followed under these sections. |
(b) | In order to receive the fair value of the shares, a dissenting shareholder must demand payment and deposit certificated shares or comply with any restrictions on transfer of uncertificated shares within 30 days after the notice required by paragraph (a) was given, but the dissenter retains all other rights of a shareholder until the proposed action takes effect. |
Subdivision 5. Payment; return of shares.
(a) | After the corporate action takes effect, or after the corporation receives a valid demand for payment, whichever is later, the corporation shall remit to each dissenting shareholder who has complied with subdivisions 3 and 4 the amount the corporation estimates to be the fair value of the shares, plus interest, accompanied by: |
(1) | the corporation’s closing balance sheet and statement of income for a fiscal year ending not more than 16 months before the effective date of the corporate action, together with the latest available interim financial statements; |
(2) | an estimate by the corporation of the fair value of the shares and a brief description of the method used to reach the estimate; and |
(3) | a copy of section 302A.471 and this section, and a brief description of the procedure to be followed in demanding supplemental payment. |
(b) | The corporation may withhold the remittance described in paragraph (a) from a person who was not a shareholder on the date the action dissented from was first announced to the public or who is dissenting on behalf of a person who was not a beneficial owner |
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on that date. If the dissenter has complied with subdivisions 3 and 4, the corporation shall forward to the dissenter the materials described in paragraph (a), a statement of the reason for withholding the remittance, and an offer to pay to the dissenter the amount listed in the materials if the dissenter agrees to accept that amount in full satisfaction. The dissenter may decline the offer and demand payment under subdivision 6. Failure to do so entitles the dissenter only to the amount offered. If the dissenter makes demand, subdivision 7 and 8 apply. |
(c) | If the corporation fails to remit payment within 60 days of the deposit of certificates or the imposition of transfer restrictions on uncertificated shares, it shall return all deposited certificates and cancel all transfer restrictions. However, the corporation may again give notice under subdivision 4 and require deposit or restrict transfer at a later time. |
Subdivision 6. Supplemental payment; demand. If a dissenter believes that the amount remitted under subdivision 5 is less than the fair value of the shares plus interest, the dissenter may give written notice to the corporation of the dissenter’s own estimate of the fair value of the shares, plus interest, within 30 days after the corporation mails the remittance under subdivision 5, and demand payment of the difference. Otherwise, a dissenter is entitled only to the amount remitted by the corporation.
Subdivision 7. Petition; determination. If the corporation receives a demand under subdivision 6, it shall, within 60 days after receiving the demand, either pay to the dissenter the amount demanded or agreed to by the dissenter after discussion with the corporation or file in a court a petition requesting that the court determine the fair value of the shares, plus interest. The petition shall be filed in the county in which the registered office of the corporation is located, except that a surviving foreign corporation that receives a demand relating to the shares of a constituent domestic corporation shall file the petition in the county in this state in which the last registered office of the constituent corporation was located. The petition shall name as parties all dissenters who have demanded payment under subdivision 6 and who have not reached agreement with the corporation. The corporation shall, after filing the petition, serve all parties with a summons and copy of the petition under the rules of civil procedure. Nonresidents of this state may be served by registered or certified mail or by publication as provided by law. Except as otherwise provided, the rules of civil procedures apply to this proceeding. The jurisdiction of the court is plenary and exclusive. The court may appoint appraisers, with powers and authorities the court deems proper, to receive evidence on and recommend the amount of the fair value of the shares. The court shall determine whether the shareholder or shareholders in question have fully complied with the requirements of this section, and shall determine the fair value of the shares, taking into account any and all factors the court finds relevant, computed by any method or combination of methods that the court, in its discretion, sees fit to use, whether or not used by the corporation or by a dissenter. The fair value of the shares as determined by the court is binding on all shareholders, wherever located. A dissenter is entitled to judgment in cash for the amount by which the fair value of the shares as determined by the court, plus interest, exceeds the amount, if any, remitted under subdivision 5, but shall not be liable to the corporation for the amount, if any, by which the amount, if any, remitted to the dissenter under subdivision 5 exceeds the fair value of the shares as determined by the court, plus interest.
Subdivision 8. Costs; fees; expenses.
(a) | The court shall determine the costs and expenses of a proceeding under subdivision 7, including the reasonable expenses and compensation of any appraisers appointed by the court, and shall assess those costs and expenses against the corporation, except that the court may assess part or all of those costs and expenses against a dissenter whose action in demanding payment under subdivision 6 is found to be arbitrary, vexatious, or not in good faith. |
(b) | If the court finds that the corporation has failed to comply substantially with this section, the court may assess all fees and expenses of any experts or attorneys as the court deems equitable. These fees and expenses may also be assessed against a person who has acted arbitrarily, vexatiously, or not in good faith in bringing the proceeding, and may be awarded to a party injured by those actions. |
(c) | The court may award, in its discretion, fees and expenses to an attorney for the dissenters out of the amount awarded to the dissenters, if any. |
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SUMMARY OF APPRAISAL RIGHTS FOR SELIGMAN MUNICIPAL SERIES TRUST
Massachusetts Business Corporation Act Sections 13.01, 13.02, 13.03, 13.20, 13.21, 13.22, 13.23, 13.24, 13.25, 13.26, 13.30 and 13.31
If you are a shareholder of Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund or Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, you may have appraisal rights under your Selling Fund’s Declaration of Trust, which grants shareholders “rights of appraisal of [their] [s]hares to the same extent as a shareholder of a Massachusetts business corporation.” We are providing you with a copy of certain Massachusetts statutes regarding appraisal rights that may be relevant to a determination of your appraisal rights, if any. Notwithstanding the provisions of your Selling Fund’s Declaration of Trust, the SEC has taken the position that use of state appraisal procedures by a registered mutual fund would be a violation of Rule 22c-1, the forward pricing rule, under the 1940 Act. As a result, if any shareholder elects to exercise appraisal rights, if available, under his Selling Fund’s Declaration of Trust, the applicable Selling Fund intends to submit this question to a court of competent jurisdiction. In that event, the shareholder would not receive any payment until the end of the court proceeding.
Section 13.01. Definitions
In this PART the following words shall have the following meanings unless the context requires otherwise:
“Affiliate”, any person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by, or is under common control of or with another person.
“Beneficial shareholder”, the person who is a beneficial owner of shares held in a voting trust or by a nominee as the record shareholder.
“Corporation”, the issuer of the shares held by a shareholder demanding appraisal and, for matters covered in sections 13.22 to 13.31, inclusive, includes the surviving entity in a merger.
“Fair value”, with respect to shares being appraised, the value of the shares immediately before the effective date of the corporate action to which the shareholder demanding appraisal objects, excluding any element of value arising from the expectation or accomplishment of the proposed corporate action unless exclusion would be inequitable.
“Interest”, interest from the effective date of the corporate action until the date of payment, at the average rate currently paid by the corporation on its principal bank loans or, if none, at a rate that is fair and equitable under all the circumstances.
“Marketable securities”, securities held of record by, or by financial intermediaries or depositories on behalf of, at least 1,000 persons and which were
(a) listed on a national securities exchange,
(b) designated as a national market system security on an interdealer quotation system by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., or
(c) listed on a regional securities exchange or traded in an interdealer quotation system or other trading system and had at least 250,000 outstanding shares, exclusive of shares held by officers, directors and affiliates, which have a market value of at least $5,000,000.
“Officer”, the chief executive officer, president, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, and any vice president in charge of a principal business unit or function of the issuer.
“Person”, any individual, corporation, partnership, unincorporated association or other entity.
“Record shareholder”, the person in whose name shares are registered in the records of a corporation or the beneficial owner of shares to the extent of the rights granted by a nominee certificate on file with a corporation.
“Shareholder”, the record shareholder or the beneficial shareholder.
Section 13.02. Right to Appraisal
(a) A shareholder is entitled to appraisal rights, and obtain payment of the fair value of his shares in the event of, any of the following corporate or other actions:
(1) consummation of a plan of merger to which the corporation is a party if shareholder approval is required for the merger by section 11.04 or the articles of organization or if the corporation is a subsidiary that is merged with its parent under section 11.05, unless, in either case, (A) all shareholders are to receive only cash for their shares in amounts equal to what they would receive upon a dissolution of the corporation or, in the case of shareholders already holding marketable securities in the merging corporation, only marketable securities of the surviving corporation and/or cash and (B) no director, officer or controlling shareholder has a direct or indirect material financial interest in the merger other than in his capacity as (i) a shareholder of the corporation, (ii) a director, officer, employee or consultant of either the merging or the surviving corporation or of any affiliate of the surviving corporation if his financial interest is pursuant to bona fide arrangements with either corporation or any such affiliate, or (iii) in any other capacity so long as the shareholder owns not more than five percent of the voting shares of all classes and series of the corporation in the aggregate;
(2) consummation of a plan of share exchange in which his shares are included unless: (A) both his existing shares and the shares, obligations or other securities to be acquired are marketable securities; and (B) no director, officer or controlling shareholder has a direct or indirect material financial interest in the share exchange other than in his capacity as (i) a shareholder of the corporation whose shares are to be exchanged, (ii) a director, officer, employee or consultant of either the corporation whose shares are to be exchanged or the acquiring corporation or of any affiliate of the acquiring corporation if his financial interest is pursuant to bona fide arrangements with either corporation or any such affiliate, or (iii) in any other capacity so long as the shareholder owns not more than five percent of the voting shares of all classes and series of the corporation whose shares are to be exchanged in the aggregate;
(3) consummation of a sale or exchange of all, or substantially all, of the property of the corporation if the sale or exchange is subject to section 12.02, or a sale or exchange of all, or substantially all, of the property of a corporation in dissolution, unless:
(i) his shares are then redeemable by the corporation at a price not greater than the cash to be received in exchange for his shares; or
(ii) the sale or exchange is pursuant to court order; or
(iii) in the case of a sale or exchange of all or substantially all the property of the corporation subject to section 12.02, approval of shareholders for the sale or exchange is conditioned upon the dissolution of the corporation and the distribution in cash or, if his shares are marketable securities, in marketable securities and/or cash, of substantially all of its net assets, in excess of a reasonable amount reserved to meet unknown claims under section 14.07, to the shareholders in accordance with their respective interests within one year after the sale or exchange and no director, officer or controlling shareholder has a direct or indirect material financial interest in the sale or exchange other than in his capacity as (i) a shareholder of the corporation, (ii) a director, officer, employee or consultant of either the corporation or the acquiring corporation or of any affiliate of the acquiring corporation if his financial interest is pursuant to bona fide arrangements with either corporation or any such affiliate, or (iii) in any other capacity so long as the shareholder owns not more than five percent of the voting shares of all classes and series of the corporation in the aggregate;
(4) an amendment of the articles of organization that materially and adversely affects rights in respect of a shareholder’s shares because it:
(i) creates, alters or abolishes the stated rights or preferences of the shares with respect to distributions or to dissolution, including making non-cumulative in whole or in part a dividend theretofore stated as cumulative;
(ii) creates, alters or abolishes a stated right in respect of conversion or redemption, including any provision relating to any sinking fund or purchase, of the shares;
(iii) alters or abolishes a preemptive right of the holder of the shares to acquire shares or other securities;
(iv) excludes or limits the right of the holder of the shares to vote on any matter, or to cumulate votes, except as such right may be limited by voting rights given to new shares then being authorized of an existing or new class; or
(v) reduces the number of shares owned by the shareholder to a fraction of a share if the fractional share so created is to be acquired for cash under section 6.04;
(5) an amendment of the articles of organization or of the bylaws or the entering into by the corporation of any agreement to which the shareholder is not a party that adds restrictions on the transfer or registration or any outstanding shares held by the shareholder or amends any pre-existing restrictions on the transfer or registration of his shares in a manner which is materially adverse to the ability of the shareholder to transfer his shares;
(6) any corporate action taken pursuant to a shareholder vote to the extent the articles of organization, bylaws or a resolution of the board of directors provides that voting or nonvoting shareholders are entitled to appraisal;
(7) consummation of a conversion of the corporation to nonprofit status pursuant to subdivision B of Part 9; or
(8) consummation of a conversion of the corporation into a form of other entity pursuant to subdivision D of Part 9.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) of section 13.03, in the event of corporate action specified in clauses (1), (2), (3), (7) or (8) of subsection (a), a shareholder may assert appraisal rights only if he seeks them with respect to all of his shares of whatever class or series.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) of section 13.03, in the event of an amendment to the articles of organization specified in clause (4) of subsection (a) or in the event of an amendment of the articles of organization or the bylaws or an agreement to which the shareholder is not a party specified in clause (5) of subsection (a), a shareholder may assert appraisal rights with respect to those shares adversely affected by the amendment or agreement only if he seeks them as to all of such shares and, in the case of an amendment to the articles of organization or the bylaws, has not voted any of his shares of any class or series in favor of the proposed amendment.
(d) The shareholder’s right to obtain payment of the fair value of his shares shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) the proposed action is abandoned or rescinded; or
(ii) a court having jurisdiction permanently enjoins or sets aside the action; or
(iii) the shareholder’s demand for payment is withdrawn with the written consent of the corporation.
(e) A shareholder entitled to appraisal rights under this chapter may not challenge the action creating his entitlement unless the action is unlawful or fraudulent with respect to the shareholder or the corporation.
Section 13.03. Assertion of Rights by Nominees and Beneficial Owners
(a) A record shareholder may assert appraisal rights as to fewer than all the shares registered in the record shareholder’s name but owned by a beneficial shareholder only if the record shareholder objects with respect to all shares of the class or series owned by the beneficial shareholder and notifies the corporation in writing of the name and address of each beneficial shareholder on whose behalf appraisal rights are being asserted. The rights of a record shareholder who asserts appraisal rights for only part of the shares held of record in the record shareholder’s name under this subsection shall be determined as if the shares as to which the record shareholder objects and the record shareholder’s other shares were registered in the names of different record shareholders.
(b) A beneficial shareholder may assert appraisal rights as to shares of any class or series held on behalf of the shareholder only if such shareholder:
(1) submits to the corporation the record shareholder’s written consent to the assertion of such rights no later than the date referred to in subclause (ii) of clause (2) of subsection (b) of section 13.22; and
(2) does so with respect to all shares of the class or series that are beneficially owned by the beneficial shareholder.
Section 13.20. Notice of Appraisal Rights
(a) If proposed corporate action described in subsection (a) of section 13.02 is to be submitted to a vote at a shareholders’ meeting or through the solicitation of written consents, the meeting notice or solicitation of consents shall state that the corporation has concluded that shareholders are, are not or may be entitled to assert appraisal rights under this Part and refer to the necessity of the shareholder delivering, before the vote is taken, written notice of his intent to demand payment and to the requirement that he not vote his shares in favor of the proposed action. If the corporation concludes that appraisal rights are or may be available, a copy of this Part shall accompany the meeting notice sent to those record shareholders entitled to exercise appraisal rights.
(b) In a merger pursuant to section 11.05, the parent corporation shall notify in writing all record shareholders of the subsidiary who are entitled to assert appraisal rights that the corporate action became effective. Such notice shall be sent within 10 days after the corporate action became effective and include the materials described in section 13.22.
Section 13.21. Notice of Intent to Demand Payment
(a) If proposed corporate action requiring appraisal rights under section 13.02 is submitted to vote at a shareholders’ meeting, a shareholder who wishes to assert appraisal rights with respect to any class or series of shares:
(1) shall deliver to the corporation before the vote is taken written notice of the shareholder’s intent to demand payment if the proposed action is effectuated; and
(2) | shall not vote, or cause or permit to be voted, any shares of such class or series in favor of the proposed action. |
(b) A shareholder who does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (a) is not entitled to payment under this chapter.
Section 13.22. Appraisal Notice and Form
(a) If proposed corporate action requiring appraisal rights under subsection (a) of section 13.02 becomes effective, the corporation shall deliver a written appraisal notice and form required by clause (1) of subsection (b) to all shareholders who satisfied the requirements of section 13.21 or, if the action was taken by written consent, did not consent. In the case of a merger under section 11.05, the parent shall deliver a written appraisal notice and form to all record shareholders who may be entitled to assert appraisal rights.
(b) The appraisal notice shall be sent no earlier than the date the corporate action became effective and no later than 10 days after such date and must:
(1) supply a form that specifies the date of the first announcement to shareholders of the principal terms of the proposed corporate action and requires the shareholder asserting appraisal rights to certify (A) whether or not beneficial ownership of those shares for which appraisal rights are asserted was acquired before that date and (B) that the shareholder did not vote for the transaction;
(2) state:
(i) where the form shall be sent and where certificates for certificated shares shall be deposited and the date by which those certificates shall be deposited, which date may not be earlier than the date for receiving the required form under subclause (ii);
(ii) a date by which the corporation shall receive the form which date may not be fewer than 40 nor more than 60 days after the date the subsection (a) appraisal notice and form are sent, and state that the shareholder shall have waived the right to demand appraisal with respect to the shares unless the form is received by the corporation by such specified date;
(iii) the corporation’s estimate of the fair value of the shares;
(iv) that, if requested in writing, the corporation will provide, to the shareholder so requesting, within 10 days after the date specified in clause (ii) the number of shareholders who return the forms by the specified date and the total number of shares owned by them; and
(v) the date by which the notice to withdraw under section 13.23 shall be received, which date shall be within 20 days after the date specified in subclause (ii) of this subsection; and
(3) be accompanied by a copy of this chapter.
Section 13.23. Perfection of Rights; Right to Withdraw
(a) A shareholder who receives notice pursuant to section 13.22 and who wishes to exercise appraisal rights shall certify on the form sent by the corporation whether the beneficial owner of the shares acquired beneficial ownership of the shares before the date required to be set forth in the notice pursuant to clause (1) of subsection (b) of section 13.22. If a shareholder fails to make this certification, the corporation may elect to treat the shareholder’s shares as after-acquired shares under section 13.25. In addition, a shareholder who wishes to exercise appraisal rights shall execute and return the form and, in the case of certificated shares, deposit the shareholder’s certificates in accordance with the terms of the notice by the date referred to in the notice pursuant to subclause (ii) of clause (2) of subsection (b) of section 13.22. Once a shareholder deposits that shareholder’s certificates or, in the case of uncertificated shares, returns the executed forms, that shareholder loses all rights as a shareholder, unless the shareholder withdraws pursuant to said subsection (b).
(b) A shareholder who has complied with subsection (a) may nevertheless decline to exercise appraisal rights and withdraw from the appraisal process by so notifying the corporation in writing by the date set forth in the appraisal notice pursuant to subclause (v) of clause (2) of subsection (b) of section 13.22. A shareholder who fails to so withdraw from the appraisal process may not thereafter withdraw without the corporation’s written consent.
(c) A shareholder who does not execute and return the form and, in the case of certificated shares, deposit that shareholder’s share certificates where required, each by the date set forth in the notice described in subsection (b) of section 13.22, shall not be entitled to payment under this chapter.
Section 13.24. Payment
(a) Except as provided in section 13.25, within 30 days after the form required by subclause (ii) of clause (2) of subsection (b) of section 13.22 is due, the corporation shall pay in cash to those shareholders who complied with subsection (a) of section 13.23 the amount the corporation estimates to be the fair value of their shares, plus interest.
(b) The payment to each shareholder pursuant to subsection (a) shall be accompanied by:
(1) financial statements of the corporation that issued the shares to be appraised, consisting of a balance sheet as of the end of a fiscal year ending not more than 16 months before the date of payment, an income statement for that year, a statement of changes in shareholders’ equity for that year, and the latest available interim financial statements, if any;
(2) a statement of the corporation’s estimate of the fair value of the shares, which estimate shall equal or exceed the corporation’s estimate given pursuant to subclause (iii) of clause (2) of subsection (b) of section 13.22; and
(3) a statement that shareholders described in subsection (a) have the right to demand further payment under section 13.26 and that if any such shareholder does not do so within the time period specified therein, such shareholder shall be deemed to have accepted the payment in full satisfaction of the corporation’s obligations under this chapter.
Section 13.25. After-Acquired Shares
(a) A corporation may elect to withhold payment required by section 13.24 from any shareholder who did not certify that beneficial ownership of all of the shareholder’s shares for which appraisal rights are asserted was acquired before the date set forth in the appraisal notice sent pursuant to clause (1) of subsection (b) of section 13.22.
(b) If the corporation elected to withhold payment under subsection (a), it must, within 30 days after the form required by subclause (ii) of clause (2) of subsection (b) of section 13.22 is due, notify all shareholders who are described in subsection (a):
(1) of the information required by clause (1) of subsection (b) of section 13.24;
(2) of the corporation’s estimate of fair value pursuant to clause (2) of subsection (b) of said section 13.24;
(3) that they may accept the corporation’s estimate of fair value, plus interest, in full satisfaction of their demands or demand appraisal under section 13.26;
(4) that those shareholders who wish to accept the offer shall so notify the corporation of their acceptance of the corporation’s offer within 30 days after receiving the offer; and
(5) that those shareholders who do not satisfy the requirements for demanding appraisal under section 13.26 shall be deemed to have accepted the corporation’s offer.
(c) Within 10 days after receiving the shareholder’s acceptance pursuant to subsection(b), the corporation shall pay in cash the amount it offered under clause (2) of subsection (b) to each shareholder who agreed to accept the corporation’s offer in full satisfaction of the shareholder’s demand.
(d) Within 40 days after sending the notice described in subsection (b), the corporation must pay in cash the amount if offered to pay under clause (2) of subsection (b) to each shareholder deserved in clause (5) of subsection (b).
Section 13.26. Procedure if Shareholder Dissatisfied With Payment or Offer
(a) A shareholder paid pursuant to section 13.24 who is dissatisfied with the amount of the payment shall notify the corporation in writing of that shareholder’s estimate of the fair value of the shares and demand payment of that estimate plus interest, less any payment under section 13.24. A shareholder offered payment under section 13.25 who is dissatisfied with that offer shall reject the offer and demand payment of the shareholder’s stated estimate of the fair value of the shares plus interest.
(b) A shareholder who fails to notify the corporation in writing of that shareholder’s demand to be paid the shareholder’s stated estimate of the fair value plus interest under subsection (a) within 30 days after receiving the corporation’s payment or offer of payment under section 13.24 or section 13.25, respectively, waives the right to demand payment under this section and shall be entitled only to the payment made or offered pursuant to those respective sections.
Section 13.30. Court Action
(a) If a shareholder makes demand for payment under section 13.26 which remains unsettled, the corporation shall commence an equitable proceeding within 60 days after receiving the payment demand and petition the court to determine the fair value of the shares and accrued interest. If the corporation does not commence the proceeding within the 60-day period, it shall pay in cash to each shareholder the amount the shareholder demanded pursuant to section 13.26 plus interest.
(b) The corporation shall commence the proceeding in the appropriate court of the county where the corporation’s principal office, or, if none, its registered office, in the commonwealth is located. If the corporation is a foreign corporation without a registered office in the commonwealth, it shall commence the proceeding in the county in the commonwealth where the principal office or registered office of the domestic corporation merged with the foreign corporation was located at the time of the transaction.
(c) The corporation shall make all shareholders, whether or not residents of the commonwealth, whose demands remain unsettled parties to the proceeding as an action against their shares, and all parties shall be served with a copy of the petition. Nonresidents may be served by registered or certified mail or by publication as provided by law or otherwise as ordered by the court.
(d) The jurisdiction of the court in which the proceeding is commenced under subsection (b) is plenary and exclusive. The court may appoint 1 or more persons as appraisers to receive evidence and recommend a decision on the question of fair value. The appraisers shall have the powers described in the order appointing them, or in any amendment to it. The shareholders demanding appraisal rights are entitled to the same discovery rights as parties in other civil proceedings.
(e) Each shareholder made a party to the proceeding is entitled to judgment (i) for the amount, if any, by which the court finds the fair value of the shareholder’ s shares, plus interest, exceeds the amount paid by the corporation to the shareholder for such shares or (ii) for the fair value, plus interest, of the shareholder’s shares for which the corporation elected to withhold payment under section 13.25.
Section 13.31. Court Costs and Counsel Fees
(a) The court in an appraisal proceeding commenced under section 13.30 shall determine all costs of the proceeding, including the reasonable compensation and expenses of appraisers appointed by the court. The court shall assess the costs against the corporation, except that the court may assess cost against all or some of the shareholders demanding appraisal, in amounts the court finds equitable, to the extent the court finds such shareholders acted arbitrarily, vexatiously, or not in good faith with respect to the rights provided by this chapter.
(b) The court in an appraisal proceeding may also assess the fees and expenses of counsel and experts for the respective parties, in amounts the court finds equitable:
(1) against the corporation and in favor of any or all shareholders demanding appraisal if the court finds the corporation did not substantially comply with the requirements of sections 13.20, 13.22, 13.24 or 13.25; or
(2) against either the corporation or a shareholder demanding appraisal, in favor of any other party, if the court finds that the party against whom the fees and expenses are assessed acted arbitrarily, vexatiously, or not in good faith with respect to the rights provided by this chapter.
(c) If the court in an appraisal proceeding finds that the services of counsel for any shareholder were of substantial benefit to other shareholders similarly situated, and that the fees for those services should not be assessed against the corporation, the court may award to such counsel reasonable fees to be paid out of the amounts awarded the shareholders who were benefited.
(d) To the extent the corporation fails to make a required payment pursuant to sections 13.24, 13.25, or 13.26, the shareholder may sue directly for the amount owed and, to the extent successful, shall be entitled to recover from the corporation all costs and expenses of the suit, including counsel fees.
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Additional Information Applicable to the Buying Funds
Below is information regarding the Buying Funds. All references to a Fund or the Funds in this Exhibit C refer to a Buying Fund or the Buying Funds, respectively, unless otherwise noted.
Fund Management and Compensation (for all Buying Funds)
Columbia Management, 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the investment manager to the Combined Fund Complex (including the Columbia-, RiverSource-, Seligman- and Threadneedle- branded funds), and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. In addition to managing investments for the Combined Fund Complex, Columbia Management manages investments for itself and its affiliates. For institutional clients, Columbia Management and its affiliates provide investment management and related services, such as separate account asset management and institutional trust and custody, as well as other investment products. For all of its clients, Columbia Management seeks to allocate investment opportunities in an equitable manner over time. See the Merger SAI for more information.
Subject to oversight by each Fund’s Board, Columbia Management manages the day-to-day operations of each Fund, determines what securities and other investments each Fund should buy or sell and executes the portfolio transactions. Although Columbia Management is responsible for the investment management of each Fund, Columbia Management may delegate certain of its duties to one or more investment subadvisers. Columbia Management may use the research and other capabilities of its affiliates and third parties in managing investments.
The Combined Fund Complex has received an order from the SEC that permits Columbia Management, subject to the approval of each Fund’s Board, to appoint a subadviser or change the terms of a subadvisory agreement for the Fund without first obtaining shareholder approval. The order permits the Fund to add or change unaffiliated subadvisers or change the fees paid to subadvisers from time to time without the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of the change. Columbia Management and its affiliates may have other relationships, including significant financial relationships, with current or potential subadvisers or their affiliates, which may create a conflict of interest. In making recommendations to each Fund’s Board to appoint or to change a subadviser, or to change the terms of a subadvisory agreement, Columbia Management does not consider any other relationship it or its affiliates may have with a subadviser, and Columbia Management discloses to the Board the nature of any material relationships it has with a subadviser or its affiliates.
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund each pay Columbia Management a fee for managing their respective assets. The fees paid by Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund for the most recent fiscal year were the following percentage of each Fund’s average daily net assets:
Buying Fund | Percentage of Fund’s Average Daily Net Assets | |||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | 0.50 | % | ||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | 0.50 | % | ||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | 0.49 | % |
Under its Investment Management Services Agreement (“IMS Agreement”), each Buying Fund also pays taxes, brokerage commissions and nonadvisory expenses. A discussion regarding the basis for each Fund’s Board approving the IMS Agreement is available in the semiannual report of Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund for the period ended April 30, 2010 and in the semiannual report of Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund for the period ended May 31, 2010.
Each Fund may from time to time take temporary defensive investment positions that are inconsistent with that Fund’s principal investment strategies in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions including, for example, investments in money market instruments or holdings of cash or cash equivalents. Investing defensively may prevent a Fund from achieving its investment objective.
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Portfolio Managers
Information about the portfolio managers who are primarily responsible for overseeing each Fund’s investments is shown below. The Merger SAI provides more information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each portfolio manager and each portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in each Fund.
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund
The portfolio manager responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund is:
Catherine Stienstra, Manager
• | Service with the Fund since 2010. |
• | Director and Senior Portfolio Manager of Columbia Management. |
• | Associated with Columbia Management or its predecessors as an investment professional since 2007. |
• | Sector Leader of Adviser’s Municipal bond Team from 2007 to 2010. |
• | Prior to 2007, was employed by FAF Advisors, Inc. (formerly, USBancorp Asset Management) from 1998 to 2007, where she was a Director and Senior Portfolio Manager. |
• | Began investment career in 1988. |
• | B.A. From University of Nebraska. |
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
The portfolio manager responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund is:
Kimberly A. Campbell, Manager
• | Managed the Fund since Oct. 2010. |
• | Director and Senior Portfolio Manager for Columbia Management. |
• | Joined the investment manager in May 2010 when it acquired Columbia Management Group. Joined Columbia Management |
• | Group or its predecessors in 1995. |
• | Began investment career in 1980. |
• | BA, Smith College. |
Legal Proceedings
Ameriprise Financial and certain of its affiliates have historically been involved in a number of legal, arbitration and regulatory proceedings, including routine litigation, class actions and governmental actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of their business activities. Ameriprise Financial believes that each Fund is not currently the subject of, and that neither Ameriprise Financial or any of its affiliates is the subject of, any pending legal, arbitration or regulatory proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse effect on each Fund or the ability of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates to perform under their contracts with each Fund. Information regarding certain pending and settled legal proceedings may be found in each Fund’s shareholder reports and in the Merger SAI. Additionally, Ameriprise Financial is required to make 10-Q, 10-K and, as necessary, 8-K filings with the SEC on legal and regulatory matters that relate to Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates. Copies of these filings may be obtained by accessing the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
Service Section
Choosing a Share Class
The Funds
Effective September 7, 2010, the Columbia funds (including the portfolios), Columbia Acorn funds and RiverSource funds (including the Seligman and Threadneedle branded funds) share the same policies and procedures for investor services, as described below. For example, for purposes of calculating the initial sales charge on the purchase of Class A shares of a fund, an investor or selling and/or servicing agent should consider the combined market value of all Columbia, Columbia Acorn, RiverSource, Seligman and Threadneedle funds owned by the investor or his/her “immediate family.” For details on this particular policy, see Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges – Front-End Sales Charge Reductions.
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For purposes of this service section, funds and portfolios bearing the “Columbia” and “Columbia Acorn” brands prior to September 27, 2010 are collectively referred to as the Legacy Columbia funds. The Funds that historically bore the RiverSource brand, including those renamed to bear the “Columbia” brand effective September 27, 2010 as well as certain other funds are collectively referred to as the Legacy RiverSource funds. Together the Legacy Columbia funds and the Legacy RiverSource funds are referred to as the Funds. References to the “Fund” are deemed to refer to one of the Funds or to one of the Buying Funds, as the context requires.
The Funds’ primary service providers are referred to as follows: Columbia Management or the investment manager refers to Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (formerly RiverSource Investments, LLC), the Transfer Agent refers to Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly, RiverSource Services Corporation) and the Distributor refers to Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.).
Additional information about the Funds can be obtained at the Funds’ website, columbiamanagement.com, by calling toll-free 800.345.6611, or by writing (regular mail) to The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 or (express mail) The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809.
Comparison of Share Classes
Share Class Features
Not all Funds offer every class of shares. Each share class has its own investment eligibility criteria, cost structure and other features. You may not be eligible for every share class. If you purchase shares of the Fund through a retirement plan or other product or program sponsored by your selling and/or servicing agent, not all share classes may be made available to you.
The following summarizes the primary features of Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, Class T, Class W, Class Y and Class Z shares. Although Class B, Class E, Class F and Class T shares are generally closed to new and existing investors, information relating to these share classes is included in the table below because certain qualifying purchase orders are permitted, as described below. When deciding which class of shares to buy, you should consider, among other things:
• | The amount you plan to invest. |
• | How long you intend to remain invested in the Fund. |
• | The expenses for each share class. |
• | Whether you may be eligible for a reduction or waiver of sales charges when you buy or sell shares. |
FUNDamentalsTM
Selling and/or Servicing Agents
The terms “selling agent” and “servicing agent” refer to the financial intermediary that employs your financial advisor. Selling and/or servicing agents include, for example, brokerage firms, banks, investment advisors, third party administrators and other financial intermediaries.
Each investor’s personal situation is different and you may wish to discuss with your selling and/or servicing agent which share class is best for you. Your authorized selling and/or servicing agent can help you to determine which share class(es) is available to you and to decide which share class best meets your needs.
Eligible Investors and Minimum Initial Investments(a) | Investment Limits | Conversion Features | ||||
Class A* | Available to the general public for investment; minimum initial investment is $2,000 for most investors.(e) | none | none | |||
Class B* | Closed to new investors.(h) | up to $49,999 | Converts to Class A shares generally eight years after purchase.(i) | |||
Class C* | Available to the general public for investment; minimum initial investment is $2,000 for most investors.(e) | up to $999,999; no limit for eligible employee benefit plans.(j) | none |
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Eligible Investors and Minimum Initial | Investment Limits | Conversion Features | ||||
Class E | Closed to new investors and new accounts.(k) | none | none | |||
Class F | Closed to new investors and new accounts.(k) | up to $250,000.(l) | Converts to Class E shares eight years after purchase.(i) | |||
Class I* | Available only to the Funds (i.e., Fund-of-Fund investments). | none | none | |||
Class R* | Available only to eligible retirement plans and health savings accounts; no minimum initial investment. | none | none | |||
Class R3* | Effective after the close of business on December 31, 2010, Class R3 shares are closed to new investors; available only to qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, 501(c)(3) charitable organizations, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, 529 plans, and health savings accounts.(n) | none | none | |||
Class R4* | Effective after the close of business on December 31, 2010, Class R4 shares are closed to new investors; available only to qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, 501(c)(3) charitable organizations, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, 529 plans, and health savings accounts.(n) | none | none | |||
Class R5* | Effective after the close of business on December 31, 2010, Class R5 shares are closed to new investors; available only to qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, 501(c)(3) charitable organizations, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, 529 plans, health savings accounts and, if approved by the Distributor, institutional or corporate accounts above a threshold established by the Distributor (currently $1 million per Fund or $10 million in all Funds) and bank trust departments.(n) | none | none | |||
Class T | Available only to investors who received (and who have continuously held) Class T shares in connection with the merger of certain Galaxy funds into various Columbia funds (formerly named Liberty funds). | none | none | |||
Class W* | Available only to investors purchasing through authorized investment programs managed by investment professionals, including discretionary managed account programs. | none | none | |||
Class Y* | Available to certain categories of investors which are subject to minimum initial investment requirements; currently offered only to former shareholders of the former Columbia Funds Institutional Trust.(q) | none | none |
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Eligible Investors and Minimum Initial Investments(a) | Investment Limits | Conversion | ||||
Class Z* | Available only to certain eligible investors, which are subject to different minimum initial investment requirements, ranging from $0 to $2,000. | none | none |
Front-End Sales Charges(b) | Contingent Deferred Sales Charges (CDSCs)(b) | |||
Class A* | 5.75% maximum, declining to 0.00% on investments of $1 million or more.
None for money market Funds and certain other Funds.(f) | CDSC on certain investments of between $1 million and $50 million redeemed within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months of purchase.(g) | ||
Class B* | none | 5.00% maximum, gradually declining to 0.00% after six years.(i) | ||
Class C* | none | 1.00% on certain investments redeemed within one year of purchase. | ||
Class E | 4.50% maximum, declining to 0.00% on investments of $500,000 or more. | 1.00% on certain investments of between $1 million and $50 million redeemed within one year of purchase. | ||
Class F | none | 5.00% maximum, gradually declining to 0.00% after six years. | ||
Class I* | none | none | ||
Class R* | none | none | ||
Class R3* | none | none | ||
Class R4* | none | none | ||
Class R5* | none | none | ||
Class T | 5.75% maximum, declining to 0.00% on investments of $1 million or more. | CDSC on certain investments of between $1 million and $50 million redeemed within 18 months of purchase, charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months of purchase.(p) | ||
Class W* | none | none | ||
Class Y* | none | none | ||
Class Z* | none | none |
Maximum Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees(c) | Non 12b-1 Service Fees(d) | |||
Class A* | Legacy Columbia funds: distribution fee up to 0.25% and service fee up to 0.25%;
Legacy RiverSource funds: 0.25% distribution and service fees, except Columbia Money Market Fund, which pays 0.10%. | none | ||
Class B* | 0.75% distribution fee and 0.25% service fee, with certain exceptions.(c) | none | ||
Class C* | 0.75% distribution fee; 0.25% service fee. | none |
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Maximum Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees(c) | Non 12b-1 Service Fees(d) | |||
Class E | 0.10% distribution fee and 0.25% service fee, with certain exceptions.(c) | none | ||
Class F | 0.75% distribution fee; 0.25% service fee. | none | ||
Class I* | none | none | ||
Class R* | Legacy Columbia funds: 0.50% distribution fee; Legacy RiverSource funds: 0.50% fee, of which service fee can be up to 0.25%. | none | ||
Class R3* | 0.25% distribution fee | 0.25%(m) | ||
Class R4* | none | 0.25%(m) | ||
Class R5* | none | none | ||
Class T | none | up to 0.50%.(o) | ||
Class W* | 0.25% distribution and service fees, with certain exceptions.(c) | none | ||
Class Y* | none | none | ||
Class Z* | none | none |
* | For money market Funds, new investments must be made in Class A, Class I, Class T, Class W or Class Z shares, subject to eligibility. Class C and Class R shares of the money market Funds are available as a new investment only to investors in the Distributor’s proprietary 401(k) products, provided that such investor is eligible to invest in the Class and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper. The money market Funds offer other classes of shares only to facilitate exchanges with other Funds offering such share classes. |
(a) | See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders for more details on the eligible investors and minimum initial and subsequent investment and account balance requirements. |
(b) | Actual front-end sales charges and CDSCs vary among the Funds. For more information on applicable sales charges, see Choosing a Share Class – Sales Charges and Commissions, and for information about certain exceptions to these sales charge policies, see Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges. |
(c) | These are the maximum applicable distribution and/or shareholder service fees. Because these fees are paid out of Fund assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of distribution and/or shareholder service fees. For Legacy Columbia funds with Class A shares subject to both a distribution and service fee, the aggregate fees are limited to not more than 0.25%. Columbia Money Market Fund (formerly RiverSource Cash Management Fund) pays up to 0.75% distribution fee and up to 0.10% service fee on Class B shares, and 0.10% distribution and service fees on Class W shares. Columbia Money Market Fund pays a distribution and service fee of up to 0.10% on Class A shares, up to 0.75% distribution fee and up to 0.10% service fee on Class B shares, and 0.10% distribution and servicing fees on Class W shares. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive all or a portion of distribution and/or service fees for certain classes of certain Funds. For information on these waivers, see Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees. Compensation paid to selling and/or servicing agents may be suspended to the extent of the Distributor’s waiver of the 12b-1 fees on these specific Fund share classes. |
(d) | For more information, see Class R3 and Class R4 Shares – Plan Administration Fees and Class T Shares – Shareholder Service Fees. |
(e) | The minimum initial investment requirement is $5,000 for RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund and Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund, and $10,000 for Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund, Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund and Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund. For more details on the minimum initial investment requirement applicable to other Funds, see Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders. |
(f) | The following Funds are not subject to a front-end sales charge or a CDSC on Class A shares: Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund, and RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund. |
(g) | There is no CDSC on Class A shares of the money market Funds or the Funds identified in footnote (f) above. Legacy Columbia fund Class A shareholders who purchased Class A shares without an initial sales charge because their accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase and who purchased shares on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase and redemptions after one year will not be subject to a CDSC. |
(h) | The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except through reinvestment of dividend and/or capital gain distributions by existing Class B shareholders, or a permitted exchange, as described in more detail under Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders – Buying Shares – Class B Shares Closed. Unless contrary instructions are received in advance by the Fund, any purchase orders (except those submitted by a selling and/or servicing agent through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) that are initial investments in Class B shares or that are orders for additional Class B shares of the Fund received from existing investors in Class B shares, including orders made through an active systematic investment plan, will automatically be invested in Class A shares of the Fund, without regard to the normal minimum initial investment requirement for |
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Class A shares, but subject to the applicable front-end sales charge. Your selling and/or servicing agent may have different polices, including automatically redirecting the purchase order to a money market fund. See Choosing a Share Class – Class A Shares – Front-end Sales Charge for additional information about Class A shares. |
(i) | Timing of conversion and CDSC schedule will vary depending on the Fund and the date of your original purchase of Class B shares. For more information on the timing of conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares, see Choosing a Share Class – Class B Shares – Conversion of Class B Shares to Class A Shares. Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund do not convert to Class A shares. For information on the timing of the conversion of Class F shares to Class E shares, see Choosing a Share Class – Class F Shares – Commissions and Conversion to Class E Shares. |
(j) | There is no investment limit on Class C shares purchased by employee benefit plans created under section 401(a), 401(k), 457 and 403(b), and qualified deferred compensation plans, that have a plan level or omnibus account maintained with the Fund or the Transfer Agent and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper. |
(k) | The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class E or Class F shares, except that existing Class E and/or Class F shareholders who opened and funded their account prior to September 22, 2006 may continue to invest in Class E and/or Class F shares, as described in more detail under Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders – Buying Shares – Class E and Class F Shares Closed. Class E and Class F shares are designed for investors who wish to make an irrevocable gift to a child, grandchild or other individual. |
(l) | If you hold Class F shares of the Fund and your account has a value of less than $250,000, you may purchase additional Class F shares of the Fund in amounts that increase your account value up to a maximum of $250,000. The value of your account, for this purpose, includes the value of all Class F shares in eligible accounts held by you and your “immediate family.” For more information about account value aggregation and eligible accounts, see Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges. If you have reached the $250,000 limit, any additional amounts you invest in Class F shares of the Fund will be invested in Class E shares of the Fund, without regard to the normal minimum investment amount required for Class E shares. Such investments will, however, be subject to the applicable front-end sales charge. |
(m) | For more information, see Class R3 and Class R4 Shares – Plan Administration Fees. |
(n) | Shareholders who opened and funded a Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 shares account with a Fund as of the close of business on December 31, 2010 (including accounts once funded that subsequently reached a zero balance) may continue to make additional purchases of the share class, and existing Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 accounts may continue to allow new investors or participants to be established in their Fund account. For more information on eligible investors in these share classes and the closing of these share classes, see Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class R3 Shares, R4 Shares and Class R5 Shares. |
(o) | For more information, see Class T Shares – Shareholder Service Fees. |
(p) | Class T Shareholders who purchased Class T shares without a front-end sales charge because their accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of the purchase and who purchased shares on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase and redemptions after one year will not be subject to a CDSC. |
(q) | Class Y shares are available only to the following categories of investors: (i) individual investors and institutional clients (endowments, foundations, defined benefit plans, etc.) that invest at least $1 million in Class Y shares of a single Fund and (ii) group retirement plans (including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans) with plan assets of at least $10 million. |
Sales Charges and Commissions
Sales charges, commissions and distribution and service fees (discussed in a separate sub-section below) compensate selling and/or servicing agents, and typically your financial advisor, for selling shares to you and for maintaining and servicing the shares held in your account with them. These charges, commissions and fees are intended to provide incentives for selling and/or servicing agents to provide these services.
Depending on which share class you choose, you will pay these charges either at the outset as a front-end sales charge, at the time you sell your shares as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) and/or over time in the form of increased ongoing fees. Whether the ultimate cost is higher for one class over another depends on the amount you invest, how long you hold your shares and whether you are eligible for reduced or waived sales charges. We encourage you to consult with a financial advisor who can help you with your investment decisions.
Class A Shares — Front-End Sales Charge
You’ll pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class A shares (other than shares of a money market Fund and certain other Funds) unless you qualify for a waiver of the sales charge or you buy the shares through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for more information.
The Distributor receives the sales charge and re-allows (or pays) a portion of the sales charge to the selling and/or servicing agent through which you purchased the shares. The Distributor retains the balance of the sales charge. The Distributor retains the full sales charge you pay when you purchase shares of the Fund directly from the Fund (not through a selling and/or servicing agent). Sales charges vary depending on the amount of your purchase.
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FUNDamentalsTM
Front-End Sales Charge Calculation
The following tables present the front-end sales charge as a percentage of both the offering price and the net amount invested.
• The offering price per share is the net asset value per share plus any front-end sales charge that applies.
• The net asset value (or NAV) per share is the price of a share calculated by the Fund every business day.
The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares you buy (based on the applicable sales charge in the table) and the net asset value of those shares.
To determine the front-end sales charge you will pay when you buy your shares, the Fund will add the amount of your investment to the value of your account (and any other accounts eligible for aggregation of which you or your financial advisor notify the Fund) and base the sales charge on the aggregate amount. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/ Waivers of Sales Charges for a discussion of account value aggregation. There is no initial sales charge on reinvested dividend or capital gain distributions. |
The front-end sales charge you’ll pay on Class A shares:
• | depends on the amount you’re investing (generally, the larger the investment, the smaller the percentage sales charge), and |
• | is based on the total amount of your purchase and the value of your account (and any other accounts eligible for aggregation of which you or your financial advisor notify the Fund). |
Class A Shares — Front-End Sales Charge — Breakpoint Schedule |
Breakpoint Schedule For: | Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | ||||||||||||
$ | 0 – $49,999 | 5.75 | % | 6.10 | % | 5.00 | % | |||||||||
$ | 50,000 – $99,999 | 4.50 | % | 4.71 | % | 3.75 | % | |||||||||
$ | 100,000 –$249,999 | 3.50 | % | 3.63 | % | 3.00 | % | |||||||||
Equity Funds and Funds-of Funds (equity)* | $ | 250,000 –$499,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.15 | % | ||||||||
$ | 500,000 –$999,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | |||||||||
$ | 1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) | |||||||||
$ | 0 –$49,999 | 4.75 | % | 4.99 | % | 4.00 | % | |||||||||
$ | 50,000 – $99,999 | 4.25 | % | 4.44 | % | 3.50 | % | |||||||||
$ | 100,000 –$249,999 | 3.50 | % | 3.63 | % | 3.00 | % | |||||||||
Fixed Income Funds (except those listed below) and Funds-of-Funds (fixed income)* | $ | 250,000 –$499,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.15 | % | ||||||||
$ | 500,000 –$999,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | |||||||||
$ | 1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) |
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Class A Shares — Front-End Sales Charge — Breakpoint Schedule |
Breakpoint Schedule For: | Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | ||||||||||||
Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund, Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund, RiverSource Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Limited Duration Credit Fund and RiverSource Short Duration U.S. Government Fund |
$ |
0 – $99,999 |
|
|
3.00 |
% |
|
3.09 |
% |
|
2.50 |
% | ||||
$ | 100,000 –$249,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.15 | % | |||||||||
$ | 250,000 –$499,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | |||||||||
$ | 500,000 –$999,999 | 1.50 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.25 | % | |||||||||
$ | 1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) | |||||||||
Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio, Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, | $ | 0 – $99,999 | 3.25 | % | 3.36 | % | 2.75 | % | ||||||||
$ | 100,000 –$249,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.15 | % | |||||||||
$ | 250,000 –$499,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | |||||||||
$ | 500,000 –$999,999 | 1.50 | % | 1.53 | % | 1.25 | % | |||||||||
$ | 1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) | |||||||||
Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Total Return Bond Fund and Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Columbia Short-Term Bond Fund and Columbia Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 – $99,999 | 1.00 | % | 1.01 | % | 0.75 | % | ||||||||
$ | 100,000 –$249,999 | 0.75 | % | 0.76 | % | 0.50 | % | |||||||||
$ | 250,000 –$999,999 | 0.50 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.40 | % | |||||||||
$ | 1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) |
* | The following Funds are not subject to a front-end sales charge or a CDSC on Class A shares: Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund and RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund. “Funds-of-Funds (equity)” includes — Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, Columbia Portfolio Builder Aggressive Fund, Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Aggressive Fund, Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Fund, Columbia Portfolio Builder Total Equity Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2010 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2015 Fund, Columbia |
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Retirement Plus 2020 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2025 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2030 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2035 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2040 Fund, Columbia Retirement Plus 2045 Fund, Seligman TargETFund 2045, Seligman TargETFund 2035, Seligman TargETFund 2025, Seligman TargETFund 2015 and Seligman TargETFund Core. “Funds-of-Funds (fixed income)” includes — Columbia Income Builder Fund, Columbia Income Builder Fund II, Columbia Income Builder Fund III, Columbia Portfolio Builder Conservative Fund and Columbia Portfolio Builder Moderate Conservative Fund. Columbia Asset Allocation Fund, Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II, Columbia Balanced Fund and Columbia Liberty Fund are treated as equity Funds for purposes of the table. |
(a) | Purchase amounts and account values may be aggregated among all eligible Fund accounts for the purposes of this table. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/ Waivers of Sales Charges for a discussion of account value aggregation. |
(b) | Because the offering price is calculated to two decimal places, the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and your net amount invested for any particular purchase of Fund shares may be higher or lower depending on whether downward or upward rounding was required during the calculation process. Purchase price includes the sales charge. |
(c) | Although there is no sales charge for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more, and therefore no re-allowance, the Distributor may pay selling and/or servicing agents the following amounts out of its own resources (except for the Funds listed below): 1.00% on purchases from $1 million up to but not including $3 million; 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million; and 0.25% on amounts of $50 million or more. The Distributor may be reimbursed if a CDSC is deducted when the shares are redeemed. Currently, the Distributor does not make such payments on purchases of the following Funds for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more: Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund, Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund and RiverSource S&P 500 Index Fund. |
(d) | For eligible employee benefit plans, selling and/or servicing agents are eligible to receive from the Distributor the following sales commissions on purchases that are coded as commission-eligible trades: 1.00% on all purchases up to but not including $3 million, including those in amounts of less than $1 million; up to 0.50% on all purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million; and up to 0.25% on all purchases of $50 million or more. |
Class A Shares — CDSC
In some cases, you’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class A shares that you bought without an initial sales charge.
• | If you bought Class A shares without an initial sales charge because your accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase, you will incur a CDSC if you redeem those shares in accordance with the following policies: |
• | Columbia fund shareholders who purchased shares of a legacy Columbia fund on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase. |
• | Fund shareholders who purchased shares after September 3, 2010 will incur a CDSC if those shares are redeemed within 18 months of purchase, which is charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if shares are redeemed within12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if shares are redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months after purchase. |
• | Subsequent Class A share purchases that bring your aggregate account value to $1 million or more (but less than $50 million) will also be subject to a CDSC if you redeem them within the time periods noted above. |
The CDSC on Class A shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, and |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions. |
In certain circumstances, the CDSC may not apply. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for details.
FUNDamentalsTM
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
A contingent deferred sales charge or CDSC is a sales charge applied at the time you sell your shares, unlike a front-end sales charge that is applied at the time of purchase. A CDSC varies based on the Fund and the length of time that you have held your shares. |
For purposes of calculating the CDSC on shares of a Legacy Columbia fund and, for shares of a Legacy RiverSource fund purchased after the close of business on September 3, 2010, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which your purchase was made. For purposes of calculating the CDSC on shares of a Legacy RiverSource fund purchased on or before the close of business on September 3, 2010, the start of the holding period is the date your purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC, followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of investing in the Fund.
Class A Shares — Commissions
The Distributor may pay your selling and/or servicing agent an up-front commission when you buy Class A shares. The Distributor generally funds the commission through the applicable sales charge paid by you. The up-front commission on Class A shares, which varies by Fund, may be up to 5.00% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 5.75%, up to 4.00% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.75%, up to 2.75% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 3.25%, up to 2.50% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 3.00%, and up to 0.75% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 1.00%.
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The Distributor may also pay your selling and/or servicing agent a cumulative commission when you buy $1 million or more of Class A shares, according to the following schedule:
Class A Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Service Agents)*
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |||
$1 million – $2,999,999 | 1.00 | %** | ||
$3 million – $49,999,999 | 0.50 | % | ||
$50 million or more | 0.25 | % |
* | Not applicable to Funds that do not assess a front-end sales charge. |
** | For eligible employee benefit plans, selling and/or servicing agents are eligible to receive from the Distributor sales commissions on purchases (that are coded as commission-eligible trades) in amounts of less than $1 million. |
Class B Shares — Sales Charges
The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions involving existing investors in Class B shares as described in more detail below under Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class B Shares Closed.
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class B shares, but you may pay a CDSC when you sell Class B shares.
Class B Shares — CDSC
The CDSC on Class B shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares, and |
• | generally declines each year until there is no sales charge for redeeming shares. |
You’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class B shares unless you qualify for a waiver of the CDSC or the shares you’re selling were bought through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for details. Also, you will not pay a CDSC on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares. The CDSC you pay on Class B shares depends on how long you’ve held your shares:
Class B Shares — CDSC Schedule for the Funds
Applicable CDSC* | ||||||
Number of | All Funds except those listed to the right | Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, | ||||
One | 5.00 | % | 3.00% | |||
Two | 4.00 | % | 3.00% | |||
Three | 3.00 | %** | 2.00% | |||
Four | 3.00 | % | 1.00% |
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Class B Shares — CDSC Schedule for the Funds
Applicable CDSC* | ||||
Number of | All Funds except those listed to the right | Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal | ||
Five | 2.00% | None | ||
Six | 1.00% | None | ||
Seven | None | None | ||
Eight | None | None | ||
Nine | Conversion to Class A Shares | Conversion to Class A Shares |
* | Because of rounding in the calculation, the actual CDSC you pay may be more or less than the CDSC calculated using these percentages. |
** | For shares purchased in a Legacy RiverSource fund (other than a Seligman fund) on or prior to June 12, 2009, the CDSC percentage for year three is 4%. |
Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund are not subject to a CDSC.
Class B Shares – Commissions
If you are an investor who purchased Class B shares prior to their closing (except for certain limited transactions), although there was no front-end sales charge for Class B shares when you bought Class B shares, the Distributor paid an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent when you bought the Class B shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, have been paid to your financial advisor). This up-front commission, which varies across the Funds, was up to 4.00% of the net asset value per share of Funds with a maximum CDSC of 5.00% and of Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund and up to 2.75% of the net asset value per share of Funds with a maximum CDSC of 3.00%. The Distributor continues to seek to recover this commission through distribution fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution plan and any applicable CDSC paid when you sell your shares. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class B Shares – Conversion to Class A Shares
Class B shares purchased in a Legacy Columbia fund at any time, a Legacy RiverSource fund (other than a Seligman fund) at any time, or a Seligman fund on or after June 13, 2009 automatically convert to Class A shares after you’ve owned the shares for eight years, except for Class B shares of Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund, which do not convert to Class A shares. Class B shares originally purchased in a Seligman fund on or prior to June 12, 2009 will convert to Class A shares in the month prior to the ninth year of ownership. The conversion feature allows you to benefit from the lower operating costs of Class A shares, which can help increase your total returns from an investment in the Fund.
Class B shares purchased in a Legacy RiverSource fund (other than a Seligman fund) prior to May 21, 2005 age on a calendar year basis. Class B shares purchased in a Legacy Columbia fund at any time, Seligman fund at any time, or a Legacy RiverSource fund on or after May 21, 2005 age on a daily basis. For example, a purchase made on November 12, 2004 completed its first year on December 31, 2004 under calendar year aging, but completed its first year on November 11, 2005 under daily aging.
The following rules apply to the conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares:
• | Class B shares are converted on or about the 15th day of the month that they become eligible for conversion. For purposes of determining the month when your Class B shares are eligible for conversion, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which your purchase was made. |
• | Any shares you received from reinvested distributions on these shares generally will convert to Class A shares at the same time. |
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• | You’ll receive the same dollar value of Class A shares as the Class B shares that were converted. Class B shares that you received from an exchange of Class B shares of another Fund will convert based on the day you bought the original shares. |
• | No sales charge or other charges apply, and conversions are free from U.S. federal income tax. |
Class C Shares — Sales Charges
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class C shares, but you may pay a CDSC when you sell Class C shares.
Class C Shares — CDSC
You’ll pay a CDSC of 1.00% if you redeem Class C shares within one year of buying them unless you qualify for a waiver of the CDSC or the shares you’re selling were bought through reinvested distributions. For details, see Choosing a Share Class — Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges. The CDSC on Class C shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares, and |
• | is reduced to 0.00% on shares redeemed a year or more after purchase. |
Class C Shares — Commissions
Although there is no front-end sales charge when you buy Class C shares, the Distributor pays an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent of up to 1.00% of the net asset value per share when you buy Class C shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor). The Distributor seeks to recover this commission through distribution fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution and/or service plan and any applicable CDSC applied when you sell your shares. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class E Shares — Front-End Sales Charge
You’ll pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class E shares unless you qualify for a waiver of the sales charge or you buy the shares through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for more information.
The front-end sales charge you’ll pay on Class E shares:
• | depends on the amount you’re investing (generally, the larger the investment, the smaller the percentage sales charge), and |
• | is based on the total amount of your purchase and the value of your account. |
Class E Shares – Front-End Sales Charge – Breakpoint Schedule
Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | |||
$0 –$49,999 | 4.50% | 4.71% | 4.00% | |||
$50,000 –$99,999 | 3.50% | 3.63% | 3.00% | |||
$100,000 –$249,999 | 2.50% | 2.56% | 2.00% | |||
$250,000 –$499,999 | 1.25% | 1.27% | 1.00% | |||
$500,000 –$999,999 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | |||
$1,000,000 or more | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00%(c) |
(a) | Purchase amounts and account values are aggregated among all eligible Fund accounts for the purposes of this table. |
(b) | Because the offering price is calculated to two decimal places, the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and your net amount invested for any particular purchase of Fund shares may be higher or lower depending on whether downward or upward rounding was required during the calculation process. |
(c) | Although there is no sales charge for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more, and therefore no re-allowance, the Distributor may pay selling and/or servicing agents the following out of its own resources: 1.00% on purchases up to but not including $3 million, 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $5 million and 0.25% on purchases of $5 million or more. The Distributor pays selling and/or servicing agents on investments of $1 million or more, but may be reimbursed if a CDSC is deducted when the shares are sold. |
Class E Shares – CDSC
In some cases, you’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class E shares that you bought without an initial sales charge.
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• | If you bought Class E shares without an initial sales charge because your accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase, you will incur a 1.00% CDSC if you redeem those shares within one year of buying them. |
• | Subsequent Class E share purchases that bring your aggregate account value to $1 million or more (but less than $50 million) will also be subject to a CDSC if you redeem them within one year of buying them. |
The CDSC on Class E shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, and |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares. |
For purposes of calculating the CDSC, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which the purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your Class E shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of your investment in the Funds.
The Distributor may pay your selling and/or servicing agent an up-front commission of up to 4.00% of the offering price per share when you buy Class E shares. The Distributor funds the commission through the applicable sales charge paid by you.
Class E Shares – Commissions
The Distributor may also pay your selling and/or servicing agent a cumulative commission when you buy Class E shares, according to the following schedule:
Class E Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Servicing Agents)
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |
$0 –$2,999,999 | 1.00% | |
$3 million –$4,999,999 | 0.50% | |
$5 million or more | 0.25% |
Class F Shares – Sales Charges
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class F shares, but you may pay a CDSC when you sell Class F shares. The CDSC on Class F shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or on any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares, and |
• | generally declines each year until there is no sales charge for redeeming shares. |
For purposes of calculating the CDSC, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which your purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your Class F shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC, followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of your investment in the Funds.
Class F Shares – CDSC
The CDSC you pay on Class F shares depends on how long you’ve held your shares:
Class F Shares – CDSC Schedule
Number of Years Class F Shares Held | Applicable CDSC* | |
One | 5.00% | |
Two | 4.00% | |
Three | 3.00% | |
Four | 3.00% | |
Five | 2.00% | |
Six | 1.00% | |
Seven | None | |
Eight | None | |
Nine | Conversion to Class E Shares |
* | Because of rounding in the calculation, the actual CDSC you pay may be more or less than the CDSC calculated using these percentages. |
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Class F Shares — Commissions and Conversion to Class E Shares
Although there is no front-end sales charge when you buy Class F shares, the Distributor pays an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent of up to 4.00% of the net asset value per share when you buy Class F shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor). The Distributor seeks to recover this commission through distribution fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution plan and any applicable CDSC when you sell your shares. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class F shares automatically convert to Class E shares after you’ve owned them for eight years. This conversion feature allows you to benefit from the lower operating costs of Class E shares, which can help increase your total returns from an investment in the Fund.
The following rules apply to the conversion of Class F shares to Class E shares:
• | Class F shares are converted on or about the 15th day of the month that they become eligible for conversion. |
• | Any shares you received from reinvested distributions on these shares generally will convert to Class E shares at the same time. |
• | You’ll receive the same dollar value of Class E shares as the Class F shares that were converted. Class F shares that you received from an exchange of Class F shares of another Fund will convert based on the day you bought the original shares. |
• | No sales charge or other charges apply, and conversions are free from U.S. federal income tax. |
Class R Shares – Sales Charges and Commissions
You don’t pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class R shares of the Fund or a CDSC when you sell Class R shares of the Fund. See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders for more information about investing in Class R shares of the Fund. The Distributor pays an up-front commission directly to your selling and/or servicing agent when you buy Class R shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor), according to the following schedule:
Class R Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Servicing Agents)
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |
$0 –$49,999,999 | 0.50% | |
$50 million or more | 0.25% |
The Distributor seeks to recover this commission through distribution and/or service fees it receives under the Fund’s distribution and/or service plan. See Choosing a Share Class – Distribution and Service Fees for details.
Class T Shares – Front-End Sales Charge
You’ll pay a front-end sales charge when you buy Class T shares unless you qualify for a waiver of the sales charge or you buy the shares through reinvested distributions. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for more information.
The front-end sales charge you’ll pay on Class T shares:
• | depends on the amount you’re investing (generally, the larger the investment, the smaller the percentage sales charge), and |
• | is based on the total amount of your purchase and the value of your account. |
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Class T Shares — Front-End Sales Charge — Breakpoint Schedule
Breakpoint Schedule For: | Dollar amount of shares bought(a) | Sales charge as a % of the offering price(b) | Sales charge as a % of the net amount invested(b) | Amount retained by or paid to selling and/or servicing agents as a % of the offering price | ||||||||||
Equity Funds | $0 – $49,999 | 5.75 | % | 6.10 | % | 5.00 | % | |||||||
$50,000 – $99,999 | 4.50 | % | 4.71 | % | 3.75 | % | ||||||||
$100,000 – $249,999 | 3.50 | % | 3.63 | % | 2.75 | % | ||||||||
$250,000 – $499,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.00 | % | ||||||||
$500,000 – $999,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | ||||||||
$1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) | ||||||||
Fixed Income Funds | $0 – $49,999 | 4.75 | % | 4.99 | % | 4.25 | % | |||||||
$50,000 – $99,999 | 4.50 | % | 4.71 | % | 3.75 | % | ||||||||
$100,000 – $249,999 | 3.50 | % | 3.63 | % | 2.75 | % | ||||||||
$250,000 – $499,999 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.00 | % | ||||||||
$500,000 – $999,999 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.75 | % | ||||||||
$1,000,000 or more | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %(c)(d) |
(a) | Purchase amounts and account values are aggregated among all eligible Fund accounts for the purposes of this table. |
(b) | Because the offering price is calculated to two decimal places, the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and your net amount invested for any particular purchase of Fund shares may be higher or lower depending on whether downward or upward rounding was required during the calculation process. |
(c) | Although there is no sales charge for purchases with a total market value of $1 million or more, and therefore no re-allowance, the Distributor may pay selling and/or servicing agents the following amounts out of its own resources: 1.00% on purchases of $1 million up to but not including $3 million, 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million and 0.25% on purchases of $50 million or more. The Distributor pays selling and/or servicing agents on investments of $1 million or more, but may be reimbursed if a CDSC is deducted when the shares are sold. |
(d) | For eligible employee benefit plans, selling and/or servicing agents are eligible to receive from the Distributor the following sales commissions on purchases that are coded as commission-eligible trades: 1.00% on purchases up to but not including $3 million (including those in amounts of less than $1 million), up to 0.50% on purchases of $3 million up to but not including $50 million, and up to 0.25% on purchases of $50 million or more. |
Class T Shares – CDSC
In some cases, you’ll pay a CDSC if you sell Class T shares that you bought without an initial sales charge.
• | If you bought Class T shares without a front-end sales charge because your accounts aggregated between $1 million and $50 million at the time of purchase, you will incur a CDSC if you redeem those shares in accordance with the following policies: |
• | Shareholders who purchased shares of a Legacy Columbia fund on or before September 3, 2010 will incur a 1.00% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within one year of purchase. |
• | Shareholders who purchased shares of a Fund after September 3, 2010 will incur a CDSC if those shares are redeemed within 18 months of purchase, which is charged as follows: 1.00% CDSC if shares are redeemed within 12 months of purchase, and 0.50% CDSC if shares are redeemed more than 12, but less than 18, months of purchase. |
• | Subsequent Class T share purchases that bring your aggregate account value to $1 million or more (but less than $50 million) will also be subject to a CDSC if you redeem them within one year of purchase. |
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The CDSC on Class T shares:
• | is applied to the net asset value at the time of your purchase or sale, whichever is lower, and |
• | will not be applied to any shares you receive through reinvested distributions or any amount that represents appreciation in the value of your shares. |
For purposes of calculating the CDSC, the start of the holding period is the first day of the month in which the purchase was made. When you place an order to sell your Class T shares, the Fund will first redeem any shares that aren’t subject to a CDSC, followed by those you have held the longest. This means that if a CDSC is imposed, you cannot designate the individual shares being redeemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of your investment in the Funds.
In certain circumstances, the CDSC may not apply. See Choosing a Share Class – Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges for details.
Class T Shares – Commissions
The Distributor may pay your selling and/or servicing agent an up-front commission when you buy Class T shares (a portion of this commission may, in turn, be paid to your financial advisor). The up-front commission, which varies by Fund, may be up to 5.00% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 5.75% and up to 4.25% of the offering price for Funds with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.75%.
The Distributor may also pay your selling and/or servicing agent a cumulative commission when you buy $1 million or more of Class T shares, according to the following schedule:
Class T Shares – Commission Schedule (Paid by the Distributor to Selling and/or Servicing Agents)
Purchase Amount | Commission Level (as a % of net asset value per share) | |
$1 million – $2,999,999 | 1.00% | |
$3 million – $49,999,999 | 0.50% | |
$50 million or more | 0.25% |
Reductions/Waivers of Sales Charges
Front-End Sales Charge Reductions
There are two ways in which you may be able to reduce the front-end sales charge that you may pay when you buy Class A, Class E or Class T shares of a Fund. These types of sales charge reductions are also referred to as breakpoint discounts.
First, through the right of accumulation (ROA), you may combine the value of eligible accounts maintained by you and members of your immediate family to reach a breakpoint discount level and apply a lower sales charge to your purchase. To calculate the combined value of your accounts in the particular class of shares, the Fund will use the current public offering price per share. For purposes of obtaining a Class A shares breakpoint discount through ROA, you may aggregate your or your immediate family members’ ownership of different classes of shares, except for Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares of the Funds, which may not be aggregated.
Second, by making a statement of intent to purchase additional shares (commonly referred to as a letter of intent (LOI)), you may pay a lower sales charge on all purchases (including existing ROA purchases) of Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares made within 13 months of the date of your LOI. Your LOI must state the aggregate amount of purchases you intend to make in that 13-month period, which must be at least $50,000. The required form of LOI may vary by selling and/or servicing agent, so please contact them directly for more information. Five percent of the purchase commitment amount will be placed in escrow. At the end of the 13-month period, the shares will be released from escrow, provided that you have invested the commitment amount. If you do not invest the purchase commitment amount by the end of the 13 months, the remaining amount of the unpaid sales charge will be redeemed from the escrowed shares and the remaining balance released from escrow. To calculate the total value of the purchases you’ve made under an LOI, the Fund will use the historic cost (i.e., dollars invested) of the shares held in each eligible account. For purposes of making an LOI to purchase additional shares, you may aggregate your ownership of different classes of shares, except for Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares of the Funds, which may not be aggregated.
You must request the reduced sales charge (whether through ROA or an LOI) when you buy shares. If you do not complete and file an LOI, or do not request the reduced sales charge at the time of purchase, you will not be eligible for the reduced sales charge. To obtain a breakpoint discount, you must notify your selling and/or servicing agent in writing at the time you buy your shares of each eligible account maintained by you and members of your immediate family, including accounts maintained through different selling and/or servicing agents. You and your selling and/or servicing agent are responsible for ensuring that you receive discounts for which you are eligible. The Fund is not responsible for a selling and/or servicing agent’s failure to apply the eligible discount to your account. You may be asked by your selling and/or servicing agent for account statements or other records to verify your discount eligibility, including, when applicable, records for accounts opened with a different selling and/or servicing agent and records of accounts established by members of your immediate family.
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FUNDamentalsTM
Your “Immediate Family” and Account Value Aggregation
For purposes of reaching the Class F shares investment limits described in Choosing a Share Class – Comparison of the Share Classes or obtaining a Class A shares, Class E shares or Class T shares breakpoint discount, the value of your account will be deemed to include the value of all applicable shares in eligible accounts that are held by you and your “immediate family,” which includes your spouse, domestic partner, parent, step-parent, legal guardian, child, step-child, father-in-law and mother-in-law, provided that you and your immediate family members share the same mailing address. Any Fund accounts linked together for account value aggregation purposes as of the close of business on September 3, 2010 will be permitted to remain linked together. Remember that in order to obtain a breakpoint discount, you must notify your selling and/or servicing agent in writing at the time you buy your shares of each eligible account maintained by you and members of your immediate family. Group plan accounts are valued at the plan level.
Eligible Accounts
The following accounts are eligible for account value aggregation as described above:
• | Individual or joint accounts; |
• | Roth and traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), Simplified Employee Pension accounts (SEPs), Savings Investment Match Plans for Employees of Small Employers accounts (SIMPLEs) and Tax Sheltered Custodial Accounts (TSCAs); |
• | Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA)/Uniform Transfers to Minors (UTMA) accounts for which you, your spouse, or your domestic partner is parent or guardian of the minor child; |
• | Revocable trust accounts for which you or an immediate family member, individually, is the beneficial owner/grantor; |
• | Accounts held in the name of your, your spouse’s, or your domestic partner’s sole proprietorship or single owner limited liability company or S corporation; |
• | Qualified retirement plan assets, provided that you are the sole owner of the business sponsoring the plan, are the sole participant (other than a spouse) in the plan, and have no intention of adding participants to the plan; and |
• | Investments in wrap accounts; |
provided that each of the accounts identified above is invested in Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class W and/or Class Z shares of the Funds.
The following accounts are not eligible for account value aggregation as described above:
• | Accounts of pension and retirement plans with multiple participants, such as 401(k) plans (which are combined to reduce the sales charge for the entire pension or retirement plan and therefore are not used to reduce the sales charge for your individual accounts); |
• | Accounts invested in Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares of the Funds; |
• | Investments in 529 plans, donor advised funds, variable annuities, variable life insurance products, or managed separate accounts; |
• | Charitable and irrevocable trust accounts; and |
• | Accounts holding shares of money market Funds that used the Columbia brand before May 1, 2010. |
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
The following categories of investors may buy Class A, Class E and Class T shares of the Funds at net asset value, without payment of any front-end sales charge that would otherwise apply:
• | Current or retired Fund Board members, officers or employees of the Funds or Columbia Management or its affiliates(1); |
• | Current or retired Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. financial advisors and employees of such financial advisors(1); |
• | Registered representatives and other employees of affiliated or unaffiliated selling and/or servicing agent having a selling agreement with the Distributor(1); |
• | Registered broker/dealer firms that have entered into a dealer agreement with the Distributor may buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge for their investment account only; |
• | Portfolio managers employed by subadvisers of the Funds(1); |
• | Partners and employees of outside legal counsel to the Funds or the Funds’ directors or trustees who regularly provide advice and services to the Funds, or to their directors or trustees; |
• | Direct rollovers from qualified employee benefit plans, provided that the rollover involves a transfer to Class A shares in the same Fund; |
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• | Purchases made: |
• | With dividend or capital gain distributions from a Fund or from the same class of another Fund; |
• | Through or under a wrap fee product or other investment product sponsored by a selling and/or servicing agent that charges an account management fee or other managed agency/asset allocation accounts or programs involving fee-based compensation arrangements that have or that clear trades through a selling and/or servicing agent that has a selling agreement with the Distributor; |
• | Through state sponsored college savings plans established under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code; or |
• | Through banks, trust companies and thrift institutions, acting as fiduciaries; |
• | Separate accounts established and maintained by an insurance company which are exempt from registration under Section 3(c)(11); |
• | Purchases made through “employee benefit plans” created under section 401(a), 401(k), 457 and 403(b), and qualified deferred compensation plans that have a plan level or omnibus account maintained with the Fund or the Transfer Agent and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper; and |
• | At the Fund’s discretion, front-end sales charges may be waived for shares issued in plans of reorganization, such as mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Fund is a party. |
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Funds may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases. Unless you provide your selling and/or servicing agent with information in writing about all of the factors that may count toward a waiver of the sales charge, there can be no assurance that you will receive all of the waivers for which you may be eligible. You should request that your selling and/or servicing agent provide this information to the Fund when placing your purchase order. Please see the Merger SAI for more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers.
(1) | Including their spouses or domestic partners, children or step-children, parents, step-parents or legal guardians, and their spouse’s or domestic partner’s parents, step-parents, or legal guardians. |
CDSC Waivers
You may be able to avoid an otherwise applicable CDSC when you sell Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F or Class T shares of the Fund. This could happen because of the way in which you originally invested in the Fund, because of your relationship with the Funds or for other reasons.
CDSC — Waivers of the CDSC for Class A, Class C, Class E, Class F and Class T shares. The CDSC will be waived on redemptions of shares:
• | in the event of the shareholder’s death; |
• | for which no sales commission or transaction fee was paid to an authorized selling and/or servicing agent at the time of purchase; |
• | purchased through reinvestment of dividend and capital gain distributions; |
• | in an account that has been closed because it falls below the minimum account balance; |
• | that result from required minimum distributions taken from retirement accounts upon the shareholder’s attainment of age 70 1/2; |
• | that result from returns of excess contributions made to retirement plans or individual retirement accounts, so long as the selling and/or servicing agent returns the applicable portion of any commission paid by the Distributor; |
• | of Class A shares of a Fund initially purchased by an employee benefit plan; |
• | other than Class A shares, of a Fund initially purchased by an employee benefit plan that are not connected with a plan level termination; |
• | in connection with the Fund’s Small Account Policy (which is described below in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies); |
• | at a Fund’s discretion, issued in connection with plans of reorganization, including but not limited to mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Fund is a party; and |
• | by certain other investors as set forth in more detail in the Merger SAI. |
CDSC — Waivers of the CDSC for Class B shares. The CDSC will be waived on redemptions of shares:
• | in the event of the shareholder’s death; |
• | that result from required minimum distributions taken from retirement accounts upon the shareholder’s attainment of age 70 1/2; |
• | in connection with the Fund’s Small Account Policy (which is described below in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies); and |
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• | by certain other investors, including certain institutions as set forth in more detail in the Merger SAI. |
Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Distributor may, in its sole discretion, authorize the waiver of the CDSC for additional classes of investors. The Fund may change or cancel these terms at any time. Any change or cancellation applies only to future purchases.
Please see the Merger SAI for more information about the sales charge reductions and waivers described here.
Repurchases
Repurchases
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a redemption of any Class A, B, C or T shares of the Fund (other than Columbia Money Market Fund or Columbia Government Money Market Fund) within 90 days, up to the amount of the redemption proceeds. Any CDSC paid upon redemption of your Class A, B, C or T shares of the Fund will not be reimbursed. If your original purchase was in Class T shares, you will be allowed to reinvest in the same Class T shares account and Fund you originally purchased.
To be eligible for these reinstatement privileges, the purchase must be made into an account for the same owner, but does not need to be into the same Fund from which the shares were sold. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request from you or your selling and/or servicing agent within 90 days after the shares are redeemed and the purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order. The repurchased shares will be deemed to have the original purchase date for purposes of applying the CDSC (if any) to subsequent redemptions. Systematic withdrawals and purchases are excluded from this policy.
Distribution and Service Fees
Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the applicable Board has approved, and the Funds have adopted, distribution and/or shareholder service plans which set the distribution and/or service fees that are periodically deducted from the Fund assets. These fees are calculated daily, may vary by share class and are intended to compensate the Distributor and/or eligible selling and/or servicing agents for selling shares of the Fund and providing services to investors. Because the fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, they will increase the cost of your investment over time.
The table below shows the maximum annual distribution and/or service fees (as an annual % of average daily net assets) and the combined amount of such fees applicable to each share class:
Distribution Fee | Service Fee | Combined Total | ||||
Class A | up to 0.25% | up to 0.25% | up to 0.35%(a)(b)(c) | |||
Class B | 0.75% | 0.25% | 1.00%(a)(b) | |||
Class C | 0.75% | 0.25% | 1.00%(d) | |||
Class E | 0.10% | 0.25% | 0.35% | |||
Class F | 0.75% | 0.25% | 1.00% | |||
Class I | none | none | None | |||
Class R (Legacy Columbia funds) | 0.50% | — (e) | 0.50% | |||
Class R (Legacy RiverSource funds) | up to 0.50% | up to 0.25% | 0.50%(e) | |||
Class R3 | 0.25% | 0.25%(f) | 0.50%(f) | |||
Class R4 | none | 0.25%(f) | 0.25%(f) | |||
Class R5 | none | None | none | |||
Class T | none | 0.50%(g) | 0.50%(g) | |||
Class W | up to 0.25% | up to 0.25% | 0.25%(c) | |||
Class Y | none | none | none | |||
Class Z | none | none | none |
(a) | As shown in the table below, the maximum distribution and service fees of Class A shares varies among the Funds, as follows: |
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Funds | Maximum | Maximum | Maximum Class A Combined Total | |||
Legacy RiverSource funds (other than Columbia Money Market Fund) | Up to 0.25% | Up to 0.25% | 0.25% | |||
Columbia Money Market Fund | — | — | 0.10% | |||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund, Columbia Balanced Fund, Columbia Conservative High Yield Fund, Columbia Contrarian Core Fund, Columbia Disciplined Value Fund, Columbia Dividend Income Fund, Columbia Large Cap Growth Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Growth Fund, Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund, Columbia Small Cap Core Fund, Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund I, Columbia Technology Fund | up to 0.10% | up to 0.25% | up to 0.35%; these Funds may pay distribution and service fees up to a maximum of 0.35% of the their average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares (comprised of up to 0.10% for distribution services and up to 0.25% for shareholder liaison services) but currently limit such fees to an aggregate fee of not more than 0.25% for Class A shares. | |||
Columbia Blended Equity Fund, Columbia Bond Fund, Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Core Bond Fund, Columbia Corporate Income Fund, Columbia Emerging Markets Fund, Columbia Federal Securities Fund, Columbia Greater China Fund, Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund, Columbia Liberty Fund, Columbia Energy and Natural Resources Fund, Columbia International Bond Fund, Columbia International Growth Fund, Columbia International Stock Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Core Fund, Columbia Small Cap Value Fund I, Columbia Strategic Investor Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Pacific/Asia Fund, Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Select Large Cap Growth Fund, Columbia Select Opportunities Fund, Columbia Select Small Cap Fund, Columbia Short-Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Strategic Income Fund, Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund, Columbia Value and Restructuring Fund, Columbia World Equity Fund | — | 0.25% | 0.25% | |||
Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund, Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Tax Exempt Fund | — | 0.20% | 0.20% |
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Funds | Maximum | Maximum | Maximum Class A Combined Total | |||
Columbia Asset Allocation Fund II, Columbia California Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Convertible Securities Fund, Columbia Georgia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Global Value Fund, Columbia High Income Fund, Columbia International Value Fund, Columbia Large Cap Core Fund, Columbia Marsico Focused Equities Fund, Columbia Marsico Global Fund, Columbia Maryland Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia North Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Short Term Bond Fund, Columbia Short Term Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Small Cap Growth Fund II, Columbia South Carolina Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Total Return Bond Fund, Columbia Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Large Cap Value Fund, Columbia LifeGoal® Balanced Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Income and Growth Portfolio, Columbia LifeGoal® Income Portfolio, Columbia Marsico 21st Century Fund, Columbia Marsico Growth Fund, Columbia Marsico International Opportunities Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Value Fund, Columbia Multi-Advisor International Equity Fund, Columbia Masters International Equity Portfolio, Columbia Small Cap Value Fund II, Columbia Large Cap Enhanced Core Fund, Columbia Large Cap Index Fund, Columbia Mid Cap Index Fund, Columbia Small Cap Index Fund, Columbia Overseas Value Fund | — | — | 0.25%; these Funds pay a combined distribution and service fee pursuant to their combined distribution and shareholder servicing plan for Class A shares. |
(b) | The service fees for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of certain Funds depend on when the shares were purchased, as described below. Service Fee for Class A shares and Class B shares of Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.10% on net assets attributable to shares of these Funds issued prior to December 1, 1994 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to Fund shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.10% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the blended service fee was 0.24% of the Fund’s average net assets for each of these Funds, other than Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund, which had a blended service fee of 0.23%. Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Columbia Liberty Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.15% on net assets attributable to shares of this Fund issued prior to April 1, 1989 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for all shares that is a blend between the 0.15% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2009, the blended service fee was 0.24% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. |
Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Columbia Strategic Income Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.15% on net assets attributable to shares of this Fund issued prior to January 1, 1993 and 0.25% on net assets attributable to shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for all Fund shares that is a blend between the 0.15% and 0.25% rates. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, the blended service fee was 0.25% of the Fund’s average net assets.
Service Fee for Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund, Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund – The annual service fee may equal up to 0.20% of the average daily net asset value of all shares of such Fund class. Distribution Fee for Class B shares and Class C shares for Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund – The annual distribution fee shall be 0.65% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Class B shares and Class C shares. Fee amounts noted apply to Class B shares of the Funds other than Class B shares of Columbia Money Market Fund, which pay distribution fees of up to 0.75% and service fees of up to 0.10%, for a combined total of 0.85%.
(c) | Fee amounts noted apply to all Funds other than Columbia Money Market Fund (formerly RiverSource Cash Management Fund), which, for each of Class A and Class W shares, pays distribution and service fees of 0.10%, and for Class C shares pays distribution fees of 0.75%. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed, effective April 15, 2010, to waive the 12b-1 fees it receives from Class A, Class C, Class R (formerly Class R2) and Class W shares of Columbia Money Market Fund and from Class A, Class C and Class R (formerly Class R2) shares of Columbia Government Money Market Fund. Compensation paid to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries may be suspended to the extent of the Distributor’s waiver of the 12b-1 fees on these specific share classes of these Funds. |
(d) | The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the distribution fee for Class C shares of the following Funds so that the combined distribution and service fee (or the distribution fee for Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund) does not exceed the specified percentage annually: 0.40% for Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund; 0.45% for Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund; 0.56% for Columbia Short Term Bond Fund; 0.65% for Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, Columbia Oregon Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund; 0.80% for Columbia High Yield Municipal Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund; 0.85% for Columbia Conservative High Yield Fund, Columbia Core Bond Fund, Columbia Corporate Income Fund, Columbia Federal Securities Fund, Columbia High Yield Opportunity Fund, Columbia Intermediate Bond Fund, Columbia Strategic Income Fund and Columbia U.S. Treasury Index Fund. These arrangements may be modified or terminated by the Distributor at any time. |
(e) | Class R shares of Legacy Columbia funds pay a distribution fee pursuant to a distribution (Rule 12b-1) plan for Class R shares. The Legacy Columbia funds do not have a shareholder service plan for Class R shares. The Legacy RiverSource funds have a distribution and shareholder service plan for Class R shares, which, |
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prior to the close of business on September 3, 2010, were known as Class R2 shares. For Legacy RiverSource fund Class R shares, the maximum fee under the plan reimbursed for distribution expenses is equal on an annual basis to 0.50% of the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to Class R shares. Of that amount, up to 0.25% may be reimbursed for shareholder service expenses. |
(f) | The shareholder service fees for Class R3 and Class R4 shares are not paid pursuant to a 12b-1 plan. Under a plan administration services agreement, the Funds’ Class R3 and Class R4 shares pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and health savings accounts. |
(g) | The shareholder servicing fees for Class T shares are up to 0.50% of average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for equity Funds (including Columbia Asset Allocation Fund) and 0.40% for fixed income Funds. The Funds currently limit such fees to a maximum of 0.30% for equity Funds and 0.15% for fixed-income Funds other than Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, for which the limit currently is 0.00%. See Class T Shareholder Service Fees below for more information. |
The distribution and/or shareholder service fees for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class R and Class W shares, as applicable, are subject to the requirements of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and are used by the Distributor to make payments, or to reimburse the Distributor for certain expenses it incurs, in connection with distributing the Fund’s shares and directly or indirectly providing services to Fund shareholders. These payments or expenses include providing distribution and/or shareholder service fees to selling and/or servicing agents that sell shares of the Fund or provide services to Fund shareholders. The Distributor may retain these fees otherwise payable to selling and/or servicing agents if the amounts due are below an amount determined by the Distributor in its discretion.
For Legacy RiverSource fund Class A, Class B and Class W shares, the Distributor begins to pay these fees immediately after purchase. For Legacy RiverSource fund Class C shares, the Distributor pays these fees in advance for the first 12 months. Selling and/or servicing agents also receive distribution fees up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets of Legacy RiverSource fund Class C shares sold and held through them, which the Distributor begins to pay 12 months after purchase. For Legacy RiverSource fund Class B shares, and, for the first 12 months following the sale of Legacy RiverSource fund Class C shares, the Distributor retains the distribution fee of up to 0.75% in order to finance the payment of sales commissions to selling and/or servicing agents, and to pay for other distribution related expenses. Selling and/or servicing agents may compensate their financial advisors with the shareholder service and distribution fees paid to them by the Distributor.
For Legacy Columbia fund Class E, Class R shares and, with the exception noted in the next sentence, Class A shares, the Distributor begins to pay these fees immediately after purchase. For Legacy Columbia fund Class B, Class F, Class A (if purchased as part of a purchase of shares of $1 million or more) and, with the exception noted in the next sentence, Class C shares, the Distributor begins to pay these fees 12 months after purchase (for Columbia fund Class B and Class F shares, and, for the first 12 months following the sale of Columbia Class C shares, the Distributor retains the distribution fee of up to 0.75% in order to finance the payment of sales commissions to selling and/or servicing agents, and to pay for other distribution related expenses). For Legacy Columbia fund Class C shares, selling and/or servicing agents may opt to decline payment of sales commission and, instead, may receive these fees immediately after purchase. Selling and/or servicing agents may compensate their financial advisors with the shareholder service and distribution fees paid to them by the Distributor.
If you maintain shares of the Fund directly with the Fund, without working directly with a financial advisor or selling and/or servicing agent, distribution and service fees may be retained by the Distributor as payment or reimbursement for incurring certain distribution and shareholder service related expenses.
Over time, these distribution and/or shareholder service fees will reduce the return on your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The Fund will pay these fees to the Distributor and/or to eligible selling and/or servicing agents for as long as the distribution and/or shareholder servicing plans continue in effect. The Fund may reduce or discontinue payments at any time. Your selling and/or servicing agent may also charge you other additional fees for providing services to your account, which may be different from those described here.
Class T Shareholder Service Fees
The Funds that offer Class T shares have adopted a shareholder servicing plan that permits them to pay for certain services provided to Class T shareholders by their selling and/or servicing agents. Equity Funds (including Columbia Asset Allocation Fund) may pay shareholder servicing fees up to an aggregate annual rate of 0.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares (comprised of up to 0.25% for shareholder liaison services and up to 0.25% for administrative support services), but such fees will not exceed the Fund’s net investment income attributable to Class T shares. These fees are currently limited to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.30% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative support services. Fixed income Funds may pay shareholder service fees up to an aggregate annual rate of 0.40% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares (comprised of an annual rate of up to 0.20% for shareholder liaison services and up to 0.20% for administrative support services), but such fees will not exceed the Fund’s net investment income attributable to Class T shares. These fees are currently limited to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.15% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative support services, other than Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, for which the limit currently is 0.00%.
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Class R3 and Class R4 Shares Plan Administration Fee
Class R3 and Class R4 shares pay an annual plan administration services fee for the provision of various administrative, recordkeeping, communication and educational services. The fee for Class R3 and Class R4 shares is equal on an annual basis to 0.25% of average daily net assets attributable to the class.
Selling and/or Servicing Agent Compensation
The Distributor and the investment manager make payments, from their own resources, to selling and/or servicing agents, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, for marketing/sales support services relating to the Funds. Such payments are generally based upon one or more of the following factors: average net assets of the Funds sold by the Distributor attributable to that intermediary, gross sales of the Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that intermediary, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a selling and/or servicing agent charges its representatives for effecting transactions in Fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment. While the financial arrangements may vary for each intermediary, the support payments to any one intermediary are generally between 0.05% and 0.50% on an annual basis for payments based on average net assets of the Fund attributable to the intermediary, and between 0.05% and 0.25% on an annual basis for firms receiving a payment based on gross sales of the Funds attributable to the intermediary.
The Distributor and the investment manager may make payments in larger amounts or on a basis other than those described above when dealing with certain selling and/or servicing agents, including certain affiliates of Bank of America Corporation (Bank of America). Such increased payments may enable such selling and/or servicing agents to offset credits that they may provide to customers.
The Distributor, the Transfer Agent and the investment manager may also make payments to financial intermediaries, including other Ameriprise Financial affiliates, that provide shareholder services to retirement plans and other investment programs to compensate those selling and/or servicing agents for services they provide to such programs, including, but not limited to, sub-accounting, sub-transfer agency, similar shareholder or participant recordkeeping, shareholder or participant reporting, or shareholder or participant transaction processing.
These payments for shareholder servicing support vary by selling and/or servicing agent but generally are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.40% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares in any intermediary’s program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that pay a service fee pursuant to a plan under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and 0.45% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares in any intermediary’s program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that do not pay a service fee pursuant to a plan under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
For all classes other than Class Y shares, the Funds may reimburse the Transfer Agent for amounts paid to selling and/or servicing agents that maintain assets in omnibus accounts, subject to an annual cap that varies among Funds. Generally, the annual cap for each Fund (other than the Columbia Acorn funds) is 0.20% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in each such account for selling and/or servicing agents that seek payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets. Please see the Merger SAI for additional information. The annual cap for Columbia Acorn funds is 0.05% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in such accounts. The amounts in excess of that reimbursed by the Fund are borne by the Distributor or the investment manager. The Distributor and the investment manager may make other payments or allow promotional incentives to broker/dealers to the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) rules and by other applicable laws and regulations.
Amounts paid by the Distributor and the investment manager and their affiliates are paid out of the Distributor’s and the investment manager’s own resources and do not increase the amount paid by you or the Fund. You can find further details in the Merger SAI about the payments made by the Distributor and the investment manager and their affiliates, as well as a list of the selling and/or servicing agents, including Ameriprise Financial affiliates, to which the Distributor and the investment manager have agreed to make marketing support payments. Your selling and/or servicing agent may charge you fees and commissions in addition to those described herein. You should consult with your selling and/or servicing agent and review carefully any disclosure your selling and/or servicing agent provides regarding its services and compensation. Depending on the financial arrangement in place at any particular time, a selling and/or servicing agent and its financial advisors may have a financial incentive for recommending the Fund or a particular share class over others.
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Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares
Share Price Determination
The price you pay or receive when you buy, sell or exchange shares is the Fund’s next determined net asset value (or NAV) per share for a given share class. The Fund calculates the net asset value per share for each class of the Fund at the end of each business day.
FUNDamentalsTM
NAV Calculation
Each of the Fund’s share classes calculates its NAV per share as follows:
NAV = | (Value of assets of the share class) – (Liabilities of the share class) | |
Number of outstanding shares of the class |
FUNDamentalsTM
Business Days
A business day is any day that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open. A business day ends at the close of regular trading on the NYSE, usually at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. If the NYSE closes early, the business day ends as of the time the NYSE closes. On holidays and other days when the NYSE is closed, the Fund’s net asset value is not calculated and the Fund does not accept buy or sell orders. However, the value of the Fund’s assets may still change on days that the NYSE is closed, including to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on days that foreign securities markets are open.
The value of the Fund’s shares is based on the total market value of all of the securities and other assets that it holds as of a specified time. The prices reported on stock exchanges and other securities markets around the world are usually used to value securities in the Fund. The Fund uses the amortized cost method, which approximates market value, to value short-term investments maturing in 60 days or less. For a Fund organized as a fund-of-funds, the assets will consist primarily of shares of the underlying funds, which are valued at their NAVs.
If a market price isn’t readily available, the Fund will determine the price of the security held by the Fund based on the investment manager’s determination of the security’s fair value. A market price is considered not readily available if, among other circumstances, the most recent reported price is deemed unreliable. In addition, the Fund may use fair valuation to price securities that trade on a foreign exchange when a significant event has occurred after the foreign exchange closes but before the time at which the Fund’s share price is calculated. Foreign exchanges typically close before the time at which Fund share prices are calculated, and may be closed altogether on some days when the Fund is open. Such significant events affecting a foreign security may include, but are not limited to: (1) those impacting a single issuer; (2) governmental action that affects securities in one sector or country; (3) natural disasters or armed conflicts affecting a country or region; or (4) significant domestic or foreign market fluctuations. The Fund uses various criteria, including an evaluation of U.S. market moves after the close of foreign markets, in determining whether a security’s market price is readily available and, if not, the fair value of the security.
Fair valuation may have the effect of reducing stale pricing arbitrage opportunities presented by the pricing of Fund shares. However, when the Fund uses fair valuation to price securities, it may value those securities higher or lower than another fund would have priced the security. Also, the use of fair valuation may cause the Fund’s performance to diverge to a greater degree from the performance of various benchmarks used to compare the Fund’s performance because benchmarks generally do not use fair valuation techniques. Because of the judgment involved in fair valuation decisions, there can be no assurance that the value ascribed to a particular security is accurate. The Fund has retained one or more independent fair valuation pricing services to assist in the fair valuation process for foreign securities. International markets are sometimes open on days when U.S. markets are closed, which means that the value of foreign securities owned by the Fund could change on days when Fund shares cannot be bought or sold.
For money market Funds, the Fund’s investments are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value.
Transaction Rules and Policies
Remember that sales charges may apply to your transactions. You should also ask your selling and/or servicing agent about its rules, fees and policies for buying, selling and exchanging shares, which may be different from those described here, and about its related programs or services.
Also remember that the Fund may refuse any order to buy or exchange shares. If this happens, the Fund will return any money it received, but no interest will be paid on that money.
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Order Processing
Orders to buy, sell or exchange Fund shares are processed on business days. Depending upon the class of shares, orders can be delivered by mail, by telephone or online. Orders received in “good form” by the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent before the end of a business day are priced at the Fund’s net asset value per share on that day. Orders received after the end of a business day will receive the next business day’s net asset value per share. The market value of the Fund’s investments may change between the time you submit your order and the time the Fund next calculates its net asset value per share. The business day that applies to your order is also called the trade date.
“Good Form”
An order is in “good form” if the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent has all of the information and documentation it deems necessary to effect your order. For example, when you sell shares by letter of instruction, “good form” means that your letter has (i) complete instructions and the signatures of all account owners, (ii) a Medallion Signature Guarantee (as described below) for amounts greater than $100,000 and (iii) any other required documents completed and attached. For the documents required for sales by corporations, agents, fiduciaries, surviving joint owners and other legal entities, call 800.345.6611.
Medallion Signature Guarantees
A Medallion Signature Guarantee helps assure that a signature is genuine and not a forgery. The selling and/or servicing agent providing the Medallion Signature Guarantee is financially liable for the transaction if the signature is a forgery.
Qualified customers can obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee from any financial institution – including commercial banks, credit unions and broker/dealers – that participates in one of the three Medallion Signature Guarantee programs recognized by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These Medallion Signature Guarantee programs are the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP), the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP) and the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program (MSP). Please note that a guarantee from a notary public is not acceptable.
A Medallion Signature Guarantee is required if:
• | The amount is greater than $100,000. |
• | You want your check made payable to someone other than the registered account owner(s). |
• | Your address of record has changed within the last 30 days. |
• | You want the check mailed to an address other than the address of record. |
• | You want the proceeds sent to a bank account not on file. |
• | You are the beneficiary of the account and the account owner is deceased (additional documents may be required). |
Written Transactions
Once you have an account, you can communicate written buy, sell and exchange orders to the Transfer Agent at The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp at the following address (regular mail) P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 and (express mail) 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809.
Telephone Transactions
For Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shareholders, once you have an account, you may place orders to buy, sell or exchange shares by telephone. To place orders by telephone, call 800.422.3737. Have your account number and social security number (SSN) or taxpayer identification number (TIN) available when calling.
You can sell up to and including an aggregate of $100,000 of shares via the telephone per day, per Fund, if you qualify for telephone orders. Wire redemptions requested via the telephone are subject to a maximum of $3 million of shares per day, per Fund. You can buy up to and including $100,000 of shares per day, per Fund through your bank account as an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transaction via the telephone if you qualify for telephone orders.
Telephone orders may not be as secure as written orders. The Funds will take reasonable steps to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine. For example, we require proof of your identification before we will act on instructions received by telephone and may record telephone conversations. However, the Fund and its agents will not be responsible for any losses, costs or expenses resulting from an unauthorized telephone instruction when reasonable steps have been taken to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine. Telephone orders may be difficult to complete during periods of significant economic or market change or business interruption.
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Online Transactions
Once Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shareholders have an account, they may contact the Transfer Agent at 800.345.6611 for more information on account trading restrictions and the special sign-up procedures required for online transactions. The Transfer Agent has procedures in place to authenticate electronic orders you deliver through the internet. You will be required to accept the terms of an online agreement and to establish and utilize a password in order to access online account services.
You can sell up to and including an aggregate of $100,000 of shares per day, per Fund account through the internet if you qualify for internet orders.
Customer Identification Program
U.S. Federal law requires the Fund to obtain and record specific personal information to verify your identity when you open an account. This information may include your name, address, date of birth (for individuals) and taxpayer or other government issued identification (e.g., SSN or TIN). If you fail to provide the requested information, the Fund may need to delay the date of your purchase or may be unable to open your account, which may result in a return of your investment monies. In addition, if the Fund is unable to verify your identity after your account is open, the Fund reserves the right to close your account or take other steps as deemed reasonable. The Fund will not be liable for any loss resulting from any purchase delay, application rejection or account closure due to a failure to provide proper identifying information.
Small Account Policy – Class A, B, C, T and Z Share Accounts Below $250
The Funds generally will automatically sell your shares if the value of your Fund account (treating each account of the Fund you own separately from any other account of the Fund you may own) falls below $250. If your shares are sold, the Transfer Agent will remit the sale proceeds to you. Any otherwise applicable CDSC will not be imposed on such an automatic sale of your shares. The Transfer Agent will send you written notification in advance of any automatic sale, which will provide details on how you may avoid such an automatic sale. Generally, you may avoid such an automatic sale by raising your account balance, consolidating your accounts through an exchange of shares of another Fund in which you hold shares, or setting up a Systematic Investment Plan. For more information, contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. The Transfer Agent’s contact information (toll-free number and mailing address) as well as the Funds’ website address can be found at the beginning of the section Choosing a Share Class.
The Fund may also sell your Fund shares if your selling and/or servicing agent tells us to sell your shares pursuant to arrangements made with you, and under certain other circumstances allowed under the 1940 Act.
Small Account Policy – Class A, B, C, T and Z Share Accounts Minimum Balance Fee
If the value of your Fund account (treating each account of the Fund you own separately from any other account of the Fund you may own) falls below the minimum initial investment requirement applicable to you for any reason, including as a result of market decline, your account generally will be subject to a $20 annual fee. This fee will be assessed through the automatic sale of Fund shares in your account. Any otherwise applicable CDSC will not be imposed on such an automatic sale of your shares. The Transfer Agent will reduce the expenses paid by the Fund by any amounts it collects from the assessment of this fee. For Funds that do not have transfer agency expenses against which to offset the amount collected through assessment of this fee, the fee will be paid directly to the Fund. The Transfer Agent will send you written notification in advance of assessing any fee, which will provide details on how you can avoid the imposition of such fee. Generally, you may avoid the imposition of such fee by raising your Fund account balance, consolidating your Fund accounts through an exchange of shares of another Fund in which you hold shares, or setting up a Systematic Investment Plan. For more information, contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. The Transfer Agent’s contact information (toll-free number and mailing address) as well as the Funds’ website address can be found at the beginning of the section Choosing a Share Class.
Each Fund reserves the right to change its minimum investment requirements. The Funds also reserve the right to lower the account size trigger point for the minimum balance fee in any year or for any class of shares when we believe it is appropriate to do so in light of declines in the market value of Fund shares, sales loads applicable to a particular class of shares, or for other reasons.
Exceptions to the Small Account Policy (Accounts Below $250 and Minimum Balance Fee)
The automatic sale of Fund shares of accounts under $250 and the annual minimum balance fee described above do not apply to shareholders of Class E, Class F, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, Class Y or Class W shares; shareholders holding their shares through broker/dealer networked accounts; wrap fee and omnibus accounts; accounts with active Systematic Investment Plans; certain qualified retirement plans; and health savings accounts. The automatic sale of Fund shares of accounts under $250 does not apply to individual retirement plans.
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Small Account Policy – Broker/Dealer and Wrap Fee Accounts
The Funds may automatically redeem at any time broker/dealer networked accounts and wrap fee accounts that have account balances of $20 or less or have less than one share.
Cash Flows
The timing and magnitude of cash inflows from investors buying Fund shares could prevent the Fund from always being fully invested. Conversely, the timing and magnitude of cash outflows to investors redeeming Fund shares could require large ready reserves of uninvested cash to meet shareholder redemptions. Either situation could adversely impact the Fund’s performance.
Information Sharing Agreements
As required by Rule 22c-2 under the 1940 Act, the Funds or certain of their service providers will enter into information sharing agreements with selling and/or servicing agents, including participating life insurance companies and financial intermediaries that sponsor or offer retirement plans through which shares of the Funds are made available for purchase. Pursuant to Rule 22c-2, selling and/or servicing agents are required, upon request, to: (i) provide shareholder account and transaction information and (ii) execute instructions from the Fund to restrict or prohibit further purchases of Fund shares by shareholders who have been identified by the Fund as having engaged in transactions that violate the Fund’s excessive trading policies and procedures. See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Excessive Trading Practices for more information.
Excessive Trading Practices Policy of Non-Money Market Funds
Right to Reject or Restrict Share Transaction Orders — The Fund is intended for investors with long-term investment purposes and is not intended as a vehicle for frequent trading activity (market timing) that is excessive. Investors should transact in Fund shares primarily for investment purposes. The Board has adopted excessive trading policies and procedures that are designed to deter excessive trading by investors (the Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures). The Fund discourages and does not accommodate excessive trading.
The Fund reserves the right to reject, without any prior notice, any buy or exchange order for any reason, and will not be liable for any loss resulting from rejected orders. For example, the Fund may in its discretion restrict or reject a buy or exchange order even if the transaction is not subject to the specific exchange limitation described below if the Fund or its agents determine that accepting the order could interfere with efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio or is otherwise contrary to the Fund’s best interests. The Excessive Trading Policies and Procedures apply equally to buy or exchange transactions communicated directly to the Transfer Agent and to those received by selling and/or servicing agents.
Specific Buying and Exchanging Limitations — If a Fund detects that an investor has made two “material round trips” in any 28-day period, it will generally reject the investor’s future buy orders, including exchange buy orders, involving any Fund.
For these purposes, a “round trip” is a purchase or exchange into the Fund followed by a sale or exchange out of the Fund, or a sale or exchange out of the Fund followed by a purchase or exchange into the Fund. A “material” round trip is one that is deemed by the Fund to be material in terms of its amount or its potential detrimental impact on the Fund. Independent of this limit, the Fund may, in its discretion, reject future buy orders by any person, group or account that appears to have engaged in any type of excessive trading activity.
These limits generally do not apply to automated transactions or transactions by registered investment companies that invest in the Fund using a “fund-of-funds” structure. These limits do not apply to payroll deduction contributions by retirement plan participants, transactions initiated by a retirement plan sponsor or certain other retirement plan transactions consisting of rollover transactions, loan repayments and disbursements, and required minimum distribution redemptions. They may be modified or rescinded for accounts held by certain retirement plans to conform to plan limits, for considerations relating to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or regulations of the Department of Labor, and for certain asset allocation or wrap programs. Accounts known to be under common ownership or control generally will be counted together, but accounts maintained or managed by a common intermediary generally will not be considered to be under common ownership or control. The Fund retains the right to modify these restrictions at any time without prior notice to shareholders.
Limitations on the Ability to Detect and Prevent Excessive Trading Practices — The Fund takes various steps designed to detect and prevent excessive trading, including daily review of available shareholder transaction information. However, the Fund receives buy, sell and exchange orders through selling and/or servicing agents, and cannot always know of or reasonably detect excessive trading that may be facilitated by selling and/or servicing agents or by the use of the omnibus account arrangements they offer. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of mutual funds, particularly among certain selling and/or servicing agents such as broker/dealers, retirement plans and variable insurance products. These arrangements often permit selling and/or servicing agents to aggregate their clients’ transactions and accounts, and in these circumstances, the identity of the shareholders is often not known to the Fund.
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Some selling and/or servicing agents apply their own restrictions or policies to underlying investor accounts, which may be more or less restrictive than those described here. This may impact the Fund’s ability to curtail excessive trading, even where it is identified. For these and other reasons, it is possible that excessive trading may occur despite the Fund’s efforts to detect and prevent it.
Although these restrictions and policies involve judgments that are inherently subjective and may involve some selectivity in their application, the Fund seeks to act in a manner that it believes is consistent with the best interests of shareholders in making any such judgments.
Risks of Excessive Trading — Excessive trading creates certain risks to the Fund’s long-term shareholders and may create the following adverse effects:
• | negative impact on the Fund’s performance; |
• | potential dilution of the value of the Fund’s shares; |
• | interference with the efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio, such as the need to maintain undesirably large cash positions, the need to use its line of credit or the need to buy or sell securities it otherwise would not have bought or sold; |
• | losses on the sale of investments resulting from the need to sell securities at less favorable prices; |
• | increased taxable gains to the Fund’s remaining shareholders resulting from the need to sell securities to meet sell orders; and |
• | increased brokerage and administrative costs. |
To the extent that the Fund invests significantly in foreign securities traded on markets that close before the Fund’s valuation time, it may be particularly susceptible to dilution as a result of excessive trading. Because events may occur after the close of foreign markets and before the Fund’s valuation time that influence the value of foreign securities, investors may seek to trade Fund shares in an effort to benefit from their understanding of the value of foreign securities as of the Fund’s valuation time. This is often referred to as price arbitrage. The Fund has adopted procedures designed to adjust closing market prices of foreign securities under certain circumstances to reflect what the Fund believes to be the fair value of those securities as of its valuation time. To the extent the adjustments don’t work fully, investors engaging in price arbitrage may cause dilution in the value of the Fund’s shares held by other shareholders.
Similarly, to the extent that the Fund invests significantly in thinly traded high-yield bonds (junk bonds) or equity securities of small-capitalization companies, because these securities are often traded infrequently, investors may seek to trade their shares in an effort to benefit from their understanding of the value of these securities. This is also a type of price arbitrage. Any such frequent trading strategies may interfere with efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio to a greater degree than would be the case for mutual funds that invest in highly liquid securities, in part because the Fund may have difficulty selling those portfolio securities at advantageous times or prices to satisfy large and/or frequent sell orders. Any successful price arbitrage may also cause dilution in the value of Fund shares held by other shareholders.
Excessive Trading Practices Policy of Money Market Funds
The money market Funds are designed to offer investors a liquid cash option that they may buy and sell as often as they wish. Accordingly, the Board has not adopted policies and procedures designed to discourage excessive or short-term trading of money market Fund shares. However, since frequent purchases and sales of money market Fund shares could in certain instances harm shareholders in various ways, including reducing the returns to long-term shareholders by increasing costs (such as spreads paid to dealers who trade money market instruments with the money market Funds) and disrupting portfolio management strategies, each of the money market Funds reserves the right, but has no obligation, to reject any purchase or exchange transaction at any time. Except as expressly described herein (such as minimum purchase amounts), the money market Funds have no limits on buy or exchange transactions. In addition, each of the money market Funds reserve the right to impose or modify restrictions on purchases, exchanges or trading of the Fund shares at any time.
Opening an Account and Placing Orders
We encourage you to consult with a financial advisor who can help you with your investment decisions and who can help you open an account. Once you have an account, you can buy, sell and exchange shares by contacting your financial advisor who will send your order to the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. As described in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies, once you have an account you can also communicate your orders directly to the Transfer Agent by mail, by telephone or online.
The Funds are available directly and through broker-dealers, banks and other selling and/or servicing agents or institutions, and through certain qualified and non-qualified plans, wrap fee products or other investment products sponsored by selling and/or servicing agents.
Not all selling and/or servicing agents offer the Funds and certain selling and/or servicing agents that offer the Funds may not offer all Funds on all investment platforms. Please consult with your financial advisor to determine the availability of the Funds. If you set up an account at a selling and/or servicing agent that does not have, and is unable to obtain, a selling agreement with the
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Distributor, you will not be able to transfer Fund holdings to that account. In that event, you must either maintain your Fund holdings with your current selling and/or servicing agent, find another selling and/or servicing agent with a selling agreement, or sell your Fund shares, paying any applicable CDSC. Please be aware that transactions in taxable accounts are taxable events and may result in income tax liability.
Selling and/or servicing agents that offer the Funds may charge you additional fees for the services they provide and they may have different policies not described herein. Some policy differences may include different minimum investment amounts, exchange privileges, Fund choices and cutoff times for investments. Additionally, recordkeeping, transaction processing and payments of distributions relating to your account may be performed by the selling and/or servicing agents through which your shares of the Fund are held. Since the Fund (and its service providers) may not have a record of your account transactions, you should always contact the financial advisor employed by the selling and/or servicing agent through which you purchased or at which you maintain your shares of the Fund to make changes to your account or to give instructions concerning your account, or to obtain information about your account. The Fund and its service providers, including the Distributor and the Transfer Agent, are not responsible for the failure of one of these financial intermediaries and/or its selling and/or servicing agents to carry out its obligations to its customers.
As stated above, you may establish and maintain your account with a selling and/or servicing agent authorized by the Distributor to sell fund shares or directly with the Fund. The Fund may engage selling and/or servicing agents to receive purchase orders and exchange (and sale) orders on its behalf. Accounts established directly with the Fund will be serviced by the Transfer Agent. The Funds, the Transfer Agent and the Distributor do not provide investment advice. The Funds encourage you to consult with a financial advisor who can help you with your investment decisions and who can help you open an account. Once you have an account, you can buy, sell and exchange shares by contacting your financial advisor who will send your order to the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent. As described in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies, once you have an account you can also communicate your orders directly to the Transfer Agent.
Accounts established directly with the Fund
You or the financial advisor through which you buy shares may establish an account with the Fund. To do so, complete a Fund account application with your financial advisor or investment professional, and mail the account application to the address below. Account applications may be obtained at columbiamanagement.com or may be requested by calling 800.345.6611. Make your check payable to the Fund. You will be assessed a $15 fee for any checks rejected by your financial institution due to insufficient funds or other reasons. The Funds do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, money orders, traveler’s checks, starter checks, third or fourth party checks, or other cash equivalents.
Mail your check and completed application to The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (regular mail) P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 or (express mail) 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809. You may also use these addresses to request an exchange or redemption of Fund shares.
You will be sent a statement confirming your purchase and any subsequent transactions in your account. You will also be sent quarterly and annual statements detailing your transactions in the Fund and the other Funds you own under the same account number. Duplicate quarterly account statements for the current year and duplicate annual statements for the most recent prior calendar year will be sent to you free of charge. Copies of year-end statements for prior years are available for a fee. Please contact the Transfer Agent for more information.
Buying Shares
Eligible Investors
Class A and Class C Shares
Class A and Class C shares are available to the general public for investment. Once you have opened an account, you can buy Class A and Class C shares in a lump sum, through our Systematic Investment Plan, by dividend diversification, by wire or by electronic funds transfer. For money market Funds, new investments must be made in Class A, Class I (available as a new investment only to the Funds (i.e., Fund-of-Fund investment)), Class T, Class W or Class Z shares of the Fund, subject to eligibility. Class C and Class R of the money market Funds are available as a new investment only to investors in the Distributor’s proprietary 401(k) products, provided that such investor is eligible to invest in the Class and transacts directly with the Fund or the Transfer Agent through a third party administrator or third party recordkeeper. The money market Funds offer other classes of shares only to facilitate exchanges with other Funds offering these classes of shares.
Class B Shares Closed
The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions involving existing investors in Class B shares as described in more detail below.
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Additional Class B shares will be issued only to existing investors in Class B shares and only through the following two types of transactions (Qualifying Transactions):
• | Dividends and/or capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in Class B shares of a Fund. |
• | Shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Fund may exchange those shares for Class B shares of other Funds offering such shares. Certain exceptions apply, including that not all Funds may permit exchanges. |
Any initial purchase orders for the Fund’s Class B shares will be rejected (other than through a Qualifying Transaction that is an exchange transaction).
Unless contrary instructions are received in advance by the Fund, any purchase orders (except those submitted by a selling and/or servicing agent through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) as described in more detail below) that are initial investments in Class B shares or that are orders for additional Class B shares of the Fund received from existing investors in Class B shares, including orders made through an active systematic investment plan, will automatically be invested in Class A shares of the Fund, without regard to the normal minimum initial investment requirement for Class A shares, but subject to the front-end sales charge that generally applies to Class A shares. For additional information about Class A shares, see Choosing a Share Class – Class A Shares – Front-end Sales Charges. Your selling and/or servicing agent may have different policies not described here, including a policy to reject purchase orders for a Fund’s Class B shares or to automatically invest the purchase amount in a money market fund. Please consult your selling and/or servicing agent to understand their policy.
Additional purchase orders for a Fund’s Class B shares by an existing Class B shareholder, submitted by such shareholder’s selling and/or servicing agent through the NSCC, will be rejected due to operational limitations of the NSCC. Investors should consult their selling and/or servicing agent if they wish to invest in the Fund by purchasing a share class of the Fund other than Class B shares.
Dividend and/or capital gain distributions from Class B shares of a Fund will not be automatically invested in Class B shares of another Fund. Unless contrary instructions are received in advance of the date of declaration, such dividend and/or capital gain distributions from Class B shares of a Fund will be reinvested in Class B shares of the same Fund that is making the distribution.
Class E and Class F Shares Closed
Class E and Class F shares are closed to new investors and new accounts. Shareholders who opened and funded an account with the Fund as of September 22, 2006 (including accounts once funded that subsequently reached a zero balance) (i) may continue to make additional purchases of Class E and Class F shares and (ii) will continue to have their dividend and capital gains distributions reinvested. These share classes are designed for investors who wish to make an irrevocable gift to a child, grandchild or other individual. Shares are held in an irrevocable trust until a specified date, at which time they pass to a beneficiary.
Class I Shares
Class I shares are currently only available to the Funds (i.e., Fund of Fund investments). Class I shares may be purchased, sold or exchanged only through the Distributor or an authorized selling and/or servicing agent. The Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments in Class I shares from other institutional investors.
Class R Shares
Class R shares can only be bought through eligible health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Ameriprise Financial affiliates, and the following eligible retirement plans: 401(k) plans; 457 plans; employer-sponsored 403(b) plans; profit sharing and money purchase pension plans; defined benefit plans; and non-qualified deferred compensation plans. Class R shares are not available for investment through retail nonretirement accounts, traditional and Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, Simple IRAs, individual 403(b) plans or 529 tuition programs. Contact the Transfer Agent or your retirement plan or health savings account administrator for more information about investing in Class R shares. The Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments in Class R shares from other institutional investors.
Class R3, Class R4 and Class R5 Shares
Class R3, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are closed to new investors and new accounts effective as of the close of business on December 31, 2010, subject to certain limited exceptions described below.
Shareholders who opened and funded a Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 account with the Fund as of the close of business on December 31, 2010 (including accounts once funded that subsequently reached a zero balance) may continue to make additional purchases of these share classes. Plans may continue to make additional purchases of Fund shares and add new participants, and new plans sponsored by the same or an affiliated sponsor may invest in the Fund (and add new participants) if an initial plan so sponsored invested in the Fund as of December 31, 2010 (or has approved the Fund as an investment option as of December 31, 2010 and funds its initial account with the Fund prior to March 31, 2011) and holds Fund shares at the plan level.
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In the event that an order to purchase Class R3, Class R4 or Class R5 shares is received by the Fund or the Transfer Agent after the close of business on December 31, 2010 (other than as described above) from a new investor or a new account that is not eligible to purchase shares, that order will be refused by the Fund and the Transfer Agent and any money that the Fund or the Transfer Agent received with the order will be returned to the investor or the selling and/or servicing agent, as appropriate, without interest.
Class R3, Class R4 and Class R5 shares are designed for qualified employee benefit plans, trust companies or similar institutions, charitable organizations that meet the definition in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, non-qualified deferred compensation plans whose participants are included in a qualified employee benefit plan described above, state sponsored college savings plans established under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, and health savings accounts created pursuant to public law 108-173. Additionally, if approved by the Distributor, Class R5 shares are available to institutional or corporate accounts above a threshold established by the Distributor (currently $1 million per Fund or $10 million in all Funds) and bank trust departments. Class R3, Class R4 and R5 shares may be purchased, sold or exchanged only through the Distributor or an authorized selling and/or servicing agent. Class R3, Class R4 shares and Class R5 shares of the Fund may be exchanged for Class R3 shares, Class R4 shares and Class R5 shares, respectively, of another Fund.
Class T Shares Closed
Class T shares are available for purchase only to investors who received (and who have continuously held) Class T shares in connection with the merger of certain Galaxy funds into various Columbia funds (formerly named Liberty funds).
Class W Shares
Class W shares are available to investors purchasing through authorized investment programs managed by investment professionals, including discretionary managed account programs. Class W shares may be purchased, sold or exchanged only through the Distributor or an authorized selling and/or servicing agent. Shares originally purchased in a discretionary managed account may continue to be held in Class W outside of a discretionary managed account, but no additional Class W purchases may be made and no exchanges to Class W shares of another Fund may be made outside of a discretionary managed account. The Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments in Class W shares from other institutional investors.
Class Y Shares
Class Y shares are available only to the following categories of eligible investors:
• | Individual investors and institutional clients (endowments, foundations, defined benefit plans, etc.) who invest at least $1 million in Class Y shares of a single Fund; and |
• | Group retirement plans (including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans) with plan assets of at least $10 million. |
Currently, Class Y shares are offered only to certain former shareholders of the series of the former Columbia Funds Institutional Trust and to institutional and high net worth individuals and clients invested in certain pooled investment vehicles and separate accounts managed by the investment manager.
Class Z Shares
Class Z shares are available only to the categories of eligible investors described below under “Minimum Investment and Account Balance — Class Z Shares Minimum Investments”
In addition, for Class I, Class R, Class W, Class Y and Class Z shares, the Distributor, in its sole discretion, may accept investments from other institutional investors not listed above.
Minimum Initial Investments, Additional Investments and Account Balances
The table below shows the Fund’s minimum initial investment, additional investment and minimum account balance requirements, which may vary by Fund, class and type of account.
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Minimum Investment and Account Balance
Minimum Initial investment | Minimum Additional investments | Minimum Account balance | ||||||||||
For all Funds, classes and accounts except those listed below (non-qualified) | $ | 2,000 | (a) | $ | 100 | $ | 250 | (d) | ||||
Individual Retirement Accounts | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | none | |||||||
Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund, Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund, Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund | $ | 10,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 5,000 | ||||||
RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund, Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund | $ | 5,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,500 | ||||||
Class I, Class R | none | none | none | |||||||||
Class W | $ | 500 | none | $ | 500 | |||||||
Class Y | variable | (b) | $ | 100 | $ | 250 | ||||||
Class Z | variable | (a)(c) | $ | 100 | $ | 250 | (d) |
(a) | If your Class A, B, C, T or Z shares account balance falls below the minimum initial investment amount for any reason, including a market decline, you may be asked to increase it to the minimum initial investment amount or establish a systematic investment plan. If you do not do so, it will be subject to a $20 annual low balance fee and/or shares may be automatically redeemed and the proceeds mailed to you if the account falls below the minimum account balance requirement. |
(b) | The minimum initial investment amount for Class Y shares varies depending on eligibility. For eligibility details, see Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class Y Shares. |
(c) | The minimum initial investment requirement for Class Z shares is $0, $1,000 or $2,000 depending upon the category of eligible investor. For details, see Class Z Shares Minimum Investments below. |
(d) | If the value of your account falls below $250, your Fund account is subject to automatic redemption of Fund shares. For details, see Small Account Policy above. |
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Systematic Investment Plan
The Systematic Investment Plan allows you to make regular purchases via automatic transfers from your bank account to the Fund on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. Contact the Transfer Agent or your financial advisor to set up the plan. The table below shows the minimum initial investments, minimum additional investments and minimum account balance for investment through a Systematic Investment Plan:
Minimum Investment and Account Balance — Systematic Investment Plans
Minimum Initial investment | Minimum Additional investments | Minimum Account balance* | ||||||||||
For all Funds, classes and accounts except those listed below (non-qualified) | $ | 100 | *(a) | $ | 100 | none | *(b) | |||||
Individual Retirement Accounts | $ | 100 | *(b) | $ | 50 | none | ||||||
Columbia 120/20 Contrarian Equity Fund, Columbia Global Extended Alpha Fund, Columbia Absolute Return Currency and Income Fund | $ | 10,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 5,000 | ||||||
RiverSource Disciplined Small Cap Value Fund, Columbia Floating Rate Fund, Columbia Inflation Protected Securities Fund | $ | 5,000 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,500 | ||||||
Class I, Class R | none | none | none | |||||||||
Class W | $ | 500 | none | $ | 500 | |||||||
Class Y | variable | (c) | $ | 100 | none | |||||||
Class Z | variable | (d) | $ | 100 | none |
* | If your Fund account balance is below the minimum initial investment requirement described in this table, you must make investments at least monthly, as follows: |
(a) money market Funds — $2,000; and
(b) money market Funds — $1,000.
(c) | The minimum initial investment amount for Class Y shares varies depending on eligibility. For eligibility details, see Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Buying Shares – Eligible Investors – Class Y Shares. |
(d) | The minimum initial investment requirement for Class Z shares is $0, $1,000 or $2,000 depending upon the category of eligible investor. For details, see Class Z Shares Minimum Investments below. |
Class Z Shares Minimum Investments
There is no minimum initial investment in Class Z shares for the following categories of eligible investors:
• | Any person investing all or part of the proceeds of a distribution, rollover or transfer of assets into a Columbia Management Individual Retirement Account, from any deferred compensation plan which was a shareholder of any of the Funds of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000, in which the investor was a participant and through which the investor invested in one or more of the Funds of Columbia Acorn Trust immediately prior to the distribution, transfer or rollover. |
• | Any health savings account sponsored by a third party platform and any omnibus group retirement plan for which a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity provides services and is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than in the form of payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent. |
• | Any investor participating in a wrap program sponsored by a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity that is paid an asset-based fee by the investor and that is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent. |
The minimum initial investment in Class Z shares for the following eligible investors is $1,000:
• | Any individual retirement plan (assuming the eligibility criteria below are met) or group retirement plan that is not held in an omnibus manner for which a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity provides services and is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than in the form of payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent. |
• | Any person employed as of April 30, 2010 by the former investment manager, distributor or transfer agent of the Legacy Columbia funds is eligible to make new and subsequent purchases in the Class Z shares through an individual retirement account. |
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The minimum initial investment in Class Z shares for the following categories of eligible investors is $2,000:
• | Any investor buying shares through a Columbia Management state tuition plan organized under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code. |
• | Any shareholder (as well as any family member of a shareholder or person listed on an account registration for any account of the shareholder) of another fund distributed by the Distributor (i) who holds Class Z shares; (ii) who held Primary A shares prior to the share class redesignation of Primary A shares as Class Z shares that occurred on August 22, 2005; (iii) who holds Class A shares that were obtained by an exchange of Class Z shares; or (iv) who bought shares of certain mutual funds that were not subject to sales charges and that merged with a Legacy Columbia fund distributed by the Distributor. |
• | Any trustee or director (or family member of a trustee or director) of a fund distributed by the Distributor. |
• | Any investor participating in an account offered by a selling and/or servicing agent or other entity that provides services to such an account, is paid an asset-based fee by the investor and is not compensated by the Fund for those services, other than payments for shareholder servicing or sub-accounting performed in place of the Transfer Agent (each investor buying shares through a selling and/or servicing agent must independently satisfy the minimum investment requirement noted above). |
• | Any institutional investor who is a corporation, partnership, trust, foundation, endowment, institution, government entity, or similar organization, which meets the respective qualifications for an accredited investor, as defined under the Securities Act of 1933. |
• | Certain financial institutions and intermediaries, such as insurance companies, trust companies, banks, endowments, investment companies or foundations, buying shares for their own account, including Ameriprise Financial and its affiliates and/or subsidiaries. |
• | Any person employed as of April 30, 2010 by the former investment manager, distributor or transfer agent of the Legacy Columbia funds is eligible to make new and subsequent purchases in the Class Z shares through a non-retirement account. |
• | Certain other investors as set forth in more detail in the Merger SAI. |
The minimum initial investment requirements may be waived for accounts that are managed by an investment professional, for accounts held in approved discretionary or non-discretionary wrap programs, for accounts that are a part of an employer-sponsored retirement plan, or for other account types if approved by the Distributor.
The Fund reserves the right to modify its minimum investment and related requirements at any time, with or without prior notice.
Dividend Diversification
Generally, you may automatically invest distributions made by another Fund into the same class of shares (and in some cases certain other classes of shares) of the Fund at no additional sales charge. A sales charge may apply when you invest distributions made with respect to shares that were not subject to a sales charge at the time of your initial purchase. Call the Funds at 800.345.6611 for details. See Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Opening an Account and Placing Orders – Buying Shares – Class B Shares Closed for restrictions applicable to Class B shares.
Wire Purchases
You may buy Class A, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shares of the Fund by wiring money from your bank account to your Fund account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.345.6611.
Electronic Funds Transfer
You may buy Class A, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shares of the Fund by electronically transferring money from your bank account to your Fund account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. An electronic funds transfer may take up to three business days to settle and be considered in “good form.” You must set up this feature by contacting the Transfer Agent prior to your request to obtain any necessary forms. The minimum investment amount for additional purchases via electronic funds transfer is $100.
Important: Payments sent by electronic fund transfers, a bank authorization, or check that are not guaranteed may take up to 10 or more days to clear. If you request a redemption before the purchase funds clear, this may cause your redemption request to fail to process if the requested amount includes unguaranteed funds. If you purchased your shares by check or from your bank account as an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transaction, the Fund holds the redemption proceeds when you sell those shares for a period of time after the trade date of the purchase.
Other Purchase Rules You Should Know
• | Once the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your buy order in “good form,” your purchase will be made at the next calculated public offering price per share, which is the net asset value per share plus any sales charge that applies. |
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• | You generally buy Class A, Class E and Class T shares at the public offering price per share because purchases of these share classes are generally subject to a front-end sales charge. |
• | You buy Class B, Class C, Class F, Class I, Class R, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, Class W, Class Y and Class Z shares at net asset value per share because no front-end sales charge applies to purchases of these share classes. |
• | The Fund reserves the right to cancel your order if it doesn’t receive payment within three business days of receiving your buy order. The Fund will return any payment received for orders that have been cancelled, but no interest will be paid on that money. |
• | Selling and/or servicing agents are responsible for sending your buy orders to the Transfer Agent and ensuring that we receive your money on time. |
• | Shares bought are recorded on the books of the Fund. The Fund doesn’t issue certificates. |
Selling Shares
When you sell your shares, the Fund is effectively buying them back from you. This is called a redemption. You may sell your shares at any time. The payment will be sent within seven days after your request is received in good order. When you sell shares, the amount you receive may be more or less than the amount you invested. Your sale price will be the next NAV calculated after your request is received in good order, minus any applicable CDSC.
Remember that Class R, R3, R4 and R5 shares are sold through your eligible retirement plan or health savings account. For detailed rules regarding the sale of these classes of shares, contact the Transfer Agent, your retirement plan or health savings account administrator.
Wire Redemptions
You may request that your Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class I, Class T, Class W, Class Y and Class Z share sale proceeds be wired to your bank account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. You must set up this feature prior to your request. The Transfer Agent charges a fee for shares sold by Fedwire. The Transfer Agent may waive the fee for certain accounts. The receiving bank may charge an additional fee. The minimum amount that can be redeemed by wire is $500.
Electronic Funds Transfer
You may sell Class A, Class B, Class C, Class E, Class F, Class T, Class Y and Class Z shares of the Fund and request that the proceeds be electronically transferred to your bank account by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. It may take up to three business days for the sale proceeds to be received by your bank. You must set up this feature by contacting the Transfer Agent prior to your request to obtain any necessary forms.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
The Systematic Withdrawal Plan lets you withdraw funds from your Class A, Class B, Class C, Class I, Class T, Class W, Class Y and/or Class Z shares account any day of the month on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. Contact the Transfer Agent or your financial advisor to set up the plan. To set up the plan, your account balance must meet the Fund Class’ minimum initial investment amount. All dividend and capital gain distributions must be reinvested to set up the plan. A Systematic Withdrawal Plan cannot be set up on an account that already has a Systematic Investment Plan established. If you set up the plan after you’ve opened your account, we may require your signature to be Medallion Signature Guaranteed.
You can choose to receive your withdrawals via check or direct deposit into your bank account. Otherwise, the Fund will deduct any applicable CDSC from the withdrawals before sending the balance to you. You can cancel the plan by giving the Fund 30 days notice in writing or by calling the Transfer Agent at 800.422.3737. It’s important to remember that if you withdraw more than your investment in the Fund is earning, you’ll eventually use up your original investment.
Check Redemption Service
Class A shares of the money market Funds offer check writing privileges. If you have $2,000 in a money market Fund, you may request checks which may be drawn against your account. The amount of any check drawn against your money market Fund must be at least $100. You can elect this service on your initial application or thereafter. Call 800.345.6611 for the appropriate forms to establish this service. If you own Class A shares that were both in another Fund at NAV because of the size of the purchase, and then exchanged into a money market Fund, check redemptions may be subject to a CDSC. A $15 charge will be assessed for any stop payment order requested by you or any overdraft in connection with checks written against your money market Fund account.
In-Kind Distributions
The Fund reserves the right to honor sell orders with in-kind distributions of portfolio securities instead of cash. In the event the Fund makes such an in-kind distribution, you may incur the brokerage and transaction costs associated with converting the portfolio securities you receive into cash. Also, the portfolio securities you receive may increase or decrease in value before you convert them into cash.
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Other Redemption Rules You Should Know
• | Once the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your sell order in “good form,” your shares will be sold at the next calculated net asset value per share. Any applicable CDSC will be deducted from the amount you’re selling and the balance will be remitted to you. |
• | If you sell your shares directly through the Funds, we will normally send the sale proceeds by mail or electronically transfer them to your bank account within three business days after the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your order in “good form.” |
• | If you sell your shares through a selling and/or servicing agent, the Funds will normally send the sale proceeds by Fedwire within three business days after the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent receives your order in “good form.” |
• | If you paid for your shares by check or from your bank account as an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transaction, the Funds will hold the sale proceeds when you sell those shares for a period of time after the trade date of the purchase. |
• | No interest will be paid on uncashed redemption checks. |
• | The Funds can delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven days and may suspend redemptions and/or further postpone payment of redemption proceeds when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances as determined by the SEC. |
• | Other restrictions may apply to retirement accounts. For information about these restrictions, contact your retirement plan administrator. |
• | Also keep in mind the Funds’ Small Account Policy, which is described above in Buying, Selling and Exchanging |
• | For Class E shareholders, if, at the time of the trust’s termination, the beneficiary does not elect to redeem Class E shares held by the trust, the shares automatically will convert to Class A shares of the Fund and be registered in the beneficiary’s name. For Class F shareholders, if, at the time of the trust’s termination, the beneficiary does not elect to redeem Class F shares held by the trust, the shares automatically will convert to Class B shares of the Fund and be registered in the beneficiary’s name. After such conversion, the beneficiary’s shares no longer will convert to Class E shares, but will convert to Class A shares in accordance with the applicable conversion schedule for Class B shares. Automatic conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares occurs eight years after purchase for these shares. For purposes of calculating the conversion period, the beneficiary ownership period for the Class B shares will begin at the time the Class F shares were purchased. |
• | For Class E and Class F shareholders, if the beneficiary under a Columbia Advantage Plan trust exercises his or her withdrawal rights, the financial advisor may be required to refund to the Distributor any sales charge or initial commission previously retained or paid on the withdrawn Class E and/or Class F shares or amount redeemed. |
Exchanging Shares
You can generally sell shares of a Fund to buy shares of another Fund, in what is called an exchange. You should read the prospectus of, and make sure you understand the investment objective, principal investment strategies, risks, fees and expenses of, the Fund into which you are exchanging. You may be subject to a sales charge if you exchange from a money market Fund or any other Fund that does not charge a front-end sales charge into a non–money market Fund. If you hold your Fund shares through certain selling and/or servicing agents, including Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., you may have limited exchangeability among the Funds. Please contact your financial advisor for more information.
Systematic Exchanges
You may buy Class A, Class C, Class T, Class W, Class Y and/or Class Z shares of a Fund by exchanging each month from another Fund for shares of the same class of the Fund at no additional cost, subject to the following exchange amount minimums: $50 each month for individual retirement accounts (i.e. tax qualified accounts); and $100 each month for non-retirement accounts. Contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent to set up the plan. If you set up your plan to exchange more than $100,000 each month, you must obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee.
Exchanges will continue as long as your balance is sufficient to complete the systematic monthly transfers, subject to the Funds’ Small Account Policy described above in Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares – Transaction Rules and Policies. You may terminate the program or change the amount you would like to exchange (subject to the $50 and $100 minimum requirements noted immediately above) by calling the Funds at 800.345.6611. A sales charge may apply when you exchange shares of a Fund that were not assessed a sales charge at the time of your initial purchase.
The rules described below for making exchanges apply to systematic exchanges.
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Other Exchange Rules You Should Know
• | Exchanges are made at net asset value next calculated after your exchange order is received in good form. |
• | Once the Fund receives your exchange request, you cannot cancel it after the market closes. |
• | The rules for buying shares of a Fund generally apply to exchanges into that Fund, including, if your exchange creates a new Fund account, it must satisfy the minimum investment amount, unless a waiver applies. |
• | Shares of the purchased Fund may not be used on the same day for another exchange or sale. |
• | You can generally make exchanges between like share classes of any Fund. Some exceptions apply. |
• | If you exchange shares from Class A shares of a money market Fund to a non-money market Fund, any further exchanges must be between shares of the same class. For example, if you exchange from Class A shares of a money market Fund into Class C shares of a non-money market Fund, you may not exchange from Class C shares of that non-money market Fund back to Class A shares of a money market Fund. |
• | A sales charge may apply when you exchange shares of a Fund that were not assessed a sales charge at the time of your initial purchase. If your initial investment was in a money market Fund and you exchange into a non-money market Fund, your transaction is subject to a front-end sales charge if you exchange into Class A shares and to a CDSC if you exchange into Class C, Class E, Class F and Class T shares of the Funds. |
• | If your initial investment was in Class A shares of a non-money market Fund and you exchange shares into a money market Fund, you may exchange that amount to another Fund, including dividends earned on that amount, without paying a sales charge. |
• | If your shares are subject to a CDSC, you will not be charged a CDSC upon the exchange of those shares. Any CDSC will be deducted when you sell the shares you received from the exchange. The CDSC imposed at that time will be based on the period that begins when you bought shares of the original Fund and ends when you sell the shares of the Fund you received from the exchange. The applicable CDSC will be the CDSC of the original Fund. |
• | Class T shares may be exchanged for Class T or Class A shares. Class T shares exchanged into Class A shares cannot be exchanged back into Class T shares. |
• | Class Z shares of a Fund may be exchanged for Class A or Class Z shares of another Fund. |
• | You may make exchanges only into a Fund that is legally offered and sold in your state of residence. Contact the Transfer Agent or your selling and/or servicing agent for more information. |
• | You generally may make an exchange only into a Fund that is accepting investments. |
• | The Fund may change or cancel your right to make an exchange by giving the amount of notice required by regulatory authorities (generally 60 days for a material change or cancellation). |
• | Unless your account is part of a tax-advantaged arrangement, an exchange for shares of another Fund is a taxable event, and you may recognize a gain or loss for tax purposes. |
• | Shares of Class W originally purchased, but no longer held in a discretionary managed account, may not be exchanged for Class W shares of another Fund. You may continue to hold these shares in the original Fund. Changing your investment to a different Fund will be treated as a sale and purchase, and you will be subject to applicable taxes on the sale and sales charges on the purchase of the new Fund. |
You may exchange or sell shares by having your selling and/or servicing agent process your transaction. If you maintain your account directly with your selling and/or servicing agent, you must contact that agent to exchange or sell shares of the Fund. If your account was established directly with the Fund, there are a variety of methods you may use to exchange or sell shares of the Fund.
Same-Fund Exchange Privilege for Class Z Shares
Certain shareholders invested in a class of shares other than Class Z may become eligible to invest in Class Z shares. Upon a determination of such eligibility, any such shareholders will be eligible to exchange their shares for Class Z shares of the same Fund, if offered. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange, except that when Class B shares are exchanged for Class Z shares, any CDSC charges applicable to Class B shares will be applied. Ordinarily, shareholders will not recognize a gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon such an exchange. Investors should contact their selling and/or servicing agents to learn more about the details of the Class Z shares exchange privilege.
Ways to Request a Sale or Exchange of Shares
Account established with your selling and/or servicing agent
You can exchange or sell Fund shares by having your financial advisor or selling and/or servicing agent process your transaction. They may have different policies not described herein, including different transaction limits, exchange policies and sale procedures.
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Mail your sale or exchange request to The Funds, c/o Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (regular mail) P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081 or (express mail) 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021-2809.
Include in your letter: your name; the name of the Fund(s); your account number; the class of shares to be exchanged or sold; your social security number (SSN) or taxpayer identification number (TIN); the dollar amount or number of shares you want to exchange or sell; specific instructions regarding delivery or exchange destination; signature(s) of registered account owner(s); and any special documents the Transfer Agent may require in order to process your order.
Corporate, trust or partnership accounts may need to send additional documents. Payment will be mailed to the address of record and made payable to the names listed on the account, unless your request specifies differently and is signed by all owners.
Distributions and Taxes
Distributions to Shareholders
A mutual fund can make money two ways:
• | It can earn income on its investments. Examples of fund income are interest paid on money market instruments and bonds, and dividends paid on common stocks. |
• | A mutual fund can also have capital gains if the value of its investments increases. While a fund continues to hold an investment, any gain is unrealized. If the fund sells an investment, it generally will realize a capital gain if it sells that investment for a higher price than it originally paid. Capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund holds the securities for one year or less (short-term gains) or more than one year (long-term gains). |
FUNDamentalsTM
Distributions
Mutual funds make payments of fund earnings to shareholders, distributing them among all shareholders of the fund. As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s distributed income, including capital gains.
Reinvesting your distributions buys you more shares of a fund – which lets you take advantage of the potential for compound growth. Putting the money you earn back into your investment means it, in turn, may earn even more money. Over time, the power of compounding has the potential to significantly increase the value of your investment. There is no assurance, however, that you’ll earn more money if you reinvest your distributions rather than receive them in cash.
The Fund intends to pay out, in the form of distributions to shareholders, a sufficient amount of its income and gains so that the Fund will qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company and generally will not have to pay any federal excise tax. The Fund generally intends to distribute any net realized capital gain (whether long-term or short-term gain) at least once a year.
Different share classes of the Fund usually pay different net investment income distribution amounts, because each class has different expenses. Each time a distribution is made, the net asset value per share of the share class is reduced by the amount of the distribution.
The Fund generally pays cash distributions within five business days after the distribution was declared (or, if the Fund declares distributions daily, within five business days after the end of the month in which the distribution was declared). If you sell all of your shares after the record date, but before the payment date, for a distribution, you’ll normally receive that distribution in cash within five business days after the sale was made.
The Fund will automatically reinvest distributions in additional shares of the same share class of the Fund unless you inform us you want to receive your distributions in cash (the financial selling and/or servicing agent through which you purchased shares may have different policies). You can do this by writing the Funds at the addresses and telephone numbers listed at the beginning of the section entitled Choosing a Share Class. No sales charges apply to the purchase or sale of such shares.
For accounts held directly with the Fund, distributions of $10 or less will automatically be reinvested in additional Fund shares only. If you elect to receive distributions by check and the check is returned as undeliverable, all subsequent distributions will be reinvested in additional shares of the Fund.
Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or holding Fund shares through a tax-advantaged account (such as a 401(k) plan or IRA), you should consider avoiding buying Fund shares shortly before the Fund makes a distribution (other than distributions of net investment income that are declared daily) of net investment income or net realized capital gain, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is because you will, in effect, receive part of your purchase price back in the distribution. This is known as “buying a dividend.” To avoid “buying a dividend,” before you invest, check the Fund’s distribution schedule, which is available at the Funds’ websites and/or by calling the Funds’ telephone numbers listed at the beginning of the section entitled Choosing a Share Class.
If you buy shares of the Fund when it holds securities with unrealized capital gain, you may, in effect, receive part of your purchase price back if and when the Fund sells those securities and distributes any net realized gain. Any such distribution is generally subject
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to tax. The Fund may have, or may build up over time, high levels of unrealized capital gain. If you buy shares of the Fund when it has capital loss carryforwards, the Fund may have the ability to offset capital gains realized by the Fund that otherwise would have been distributed to shareholders with such carryforwards, although capital loss carryforwards generally expire after eight taxable years and may be subject to substantial limitations.
Taxes and Your Investment
The Fund will send you a statement each year showing how much you’ve received in distributions in the prior year and the distributions’ character for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, you should be aware of the following considerations applicable to all Funds (unless otherwise noted):
• | The Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company. A regulated investment company generally is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are distributed to shareholders. However, the Fund’s failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would result in Fund level taxation, and consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to you. In addition, any dividends of net tax-exempt income would no longer be exempt from U.S. federal income tax and, instead, in general, would be taxable to you as ordinary income. |
• | Distributions generally are taxable to you when paid, whether they are paid in cash or automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. |
• | Certain derivative instruments when held in a Fund’s portfolio subject the Fund to special tax rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer fund losses, cause adjustments in the holding periods of Fund portfolio securities, convert capital gains into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. For tax-exempt Funds: Derivative instruments held by a Fund may also generate taxable income to the Fund. |
• | Certain Funds may purchase or sell (write) options, as described further in the Merger SAI. In general, option premiums which may be received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, such premiums are taken into account when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option. If an option written by a Fund is exercised and such Fund sells or delivers the underlying security, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the exercise price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the security. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying security. Gain or loss with respect to any termination of a Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and the related sale or delivery of the underlying security generally will be short-term gain or loss. Thus, for example, if an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, such Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received. |
• | For tax-exempt Funds: Tax-exempt Funds expect that distributions will consist primarily of exempt-interest dividends. Distributions of the Fund’s net interest income from tax-exempt securities generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, but may be subject to state and local income and other taxes, as well as federal and state alternative minimum tax. Similarly, distributions of interest income that is exempt from state and local income taxes of a particular state generally will be exempt from such taxes, but may be subject to other taxes, including income taxes of other states, and federal and state alternative minimum tax. |
• | For tax-exempt Funds: The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from federal or state income tax. Distributions by the Fund of this income generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of gains realized by the Fund, including those generated from the sale or exchange of tax-exempt securities, generally also are taxable to you. Distributions of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of the Fund’s net long-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as long-term capital gain. Whether capital gains are long-term or short-term is determined by how long the Fund has owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your shares. |
• | Distributions of the Fund’s ordinary income and net short-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of the Fund’s net long-term capital gain, if any, generally are taxable to you as long-term capital gain. Whether capital gains are long-term or short-term is determined by how long the Fund has owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your shares. |
• | For taxable fixed income Funds: Taxable fixed-income Funds expect that distributions will consist primarily of ordinary income. |
• | For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, if you are an individual and you meet certain holding period and other requirements for your Fund shares, a portion of your distributions may be treated as “qualified dividend income” taxable at lower net long-term capital gain rates. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010. Qualified dividend income is income attributable to the Fund’s dividends received from |
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certain U.S. and foreign corporations, as long as the Fund meets certain holding period and other requirements for the stock producing such dividends. For taxable fixed income Funds and tax-exempt Funds: Taxable fixed income Funds and tax-exempt Funds do not expect a significant portion of Fund distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income. |
• | For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, the maximum individual U.S. federal income tax rate on net long-term capital gain (and thus qualified dividend income) has been temporarily reduced to 15%. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this rate reduction to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010. |
• | A sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This includes redemptions where you are paid in securities. Your sales, redemptions and exchanges of Fund shares (including those paid in securities) usually will result in a taxable capital gain or loss to you, equal to the difference between the amount you receive for your shares (or are deemed to have received in the case of exchanges) and the amount you paid (or are deemed to have paid in the case of exchanges) for them. Any such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held your Fund shares for more than one year at the time of sale or exchange. In certain circumstances, capital losses may be converted from short-term to long-term or disallowed. |
• | The Fund is required by federal law to withhold tax on any taxable and possibly tax-exempt distributions and redemption proceeds paid to you (including amounts paid to you in securities and amounts deemed to be paid to you upon an exchange of shares) if: you haven’t provided a correct TIN or SSN or haven’t certified to the Fund that withholding doesn’t apply; the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has notified us that the TIN listed on your account is incorrect according to its records; or the IRS informs the Fund that you are otherwise subject to backup withholding. |
• | Class E and Class F shareholders, under the Columbia Gift Plan, the trustee will file all federal and state income tax returns and pay all related income taxes for income and capital gains earned prior to the trust’s termination. Under the Columbia Advantage Plan, the beneficiary will be obligated to report any income and capital gains earned by the trust on his or her own tax returns and to pay any related income taxes. |
• | Class E and Class F shareholders, you should consult with your own tax advisor about the particular tax consequences to you of making a gift and holding Fund shares through a trust, including any applicable federal or state estate or gift tax consequences. |
• | If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in income your share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. You may be able to either deduct this amount from your income or claim it as a foreign tax credit. There is no assurance that the Fund will make a special election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. |
For a Fund organized as a fund-of-funds. Because most of the Fund’s investments are shares of underlying Funds, the tax treatment of the Fund’s gains, losses, and distributions may differ from the tax treatment that would apply if either the Fund invested directly in the types of securities held by the underlying Funds or the Fund shareholders invested directly in the underlying funds. As a result, you may receive taxable distributions earlier and recognize higher amounts of capital gain or ordinary income than you otherwise would.
FUNDamentalsTM
Taxes
The information provided above is only a summary of how U.S. federal income taxes may affect your investment in the Fund. It is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Your investment in the Fund may have other tax implications. It does not apply to certain types of investors who may be subject to special rules, including foreign or tax-exempt investors or those holding Fund shares through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or IRA. You should consult with your own tax advisor about the particular tax consequences to you of an investment in the Fund, including the effect of any foreign, state and local taxes, and the effect of possible changes in applicable tax laws.
ADDITIONAL SERVICES AND COMPENSATION
In addition to acting as the Fund’s investment manager, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (Columbia Management) and its affiliates also receive compensation for providing other services to the Funds.
Administration Services. Ameriprise Financial, Inc., 200 Ameriprise Financial Center, Minneapolis, MN 55474, provides or compensates others to provide administrative services to the Legacy RiverSource funds, which includes the Seligman and Threadneedle branded funds. These services include administrative, accounting, treasury, and other services.
Distribution and Shareholder Services. Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.), One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, provides underwriting and distribution services to the Funds.
Transfer Agency Services. Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly RiverSource Service Corporation), One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, provides or compensates others to provide transfer agency services to the Funds. The Funds pay
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the Transfer Agent a fee that may vary by class, as set forth in the Merger SAI, and reimburses the transfer agent for its out-of-pocket expenses incurred while providing these transfer agency services to the Funds. The Transfer Agent pays a portion of these fees to selling and servicing agents that provide sub-recordkeeping and other services to Fund shareholders. The Merger SAI provides additional information about the services provided and the fee schedules for the Transfer Agent agreements.
ADDITIONAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
Affiliated Products. Columbia Management serves as investment manager to the Funds, including those that are structured to provide asset-allocation services to shareholders of those Funds (funds of funds) by investing in shares of other Funds (collectively referred to as underlying funds) and to discretionary managed accounts (collectively referred to as affiliated products) that invest exclusively in underlying funds. These affiliated products, individually or collectively, may own a significant percentage of the outstanding shares of the underlying funds, and Columbia Management seeks to balance potential conflicts between the affiliated products and the underlying funds in which they invest. The affiliated products investment in the underlying funds may also have the effect of creating economies of scale (including lower expense ratios) because the affiliated products may own substantial portions of the shares of underlying funds and, comparatively, a redemption of underlying fund shares by one or more affiliated products could cause the expense ratio of an underlying fund to increase as its fixed costs would be spread over a smaller asset base. Because of these large positions of the affiliated products, the underlying funds may experience relatively large purchases or redemptions. Although Columbia Management may seek to minimize the impact of these transactions, for example, by structuring them over a reasonable period of time or through other measures, underlying funds may experience increased expenses as they buy and sell securities to manage these transactions. When Columbia Management structures transactions over a reasonable period of time in order to manage the potential impact of the buy and sell decisions for the affiliated products, these affiliated products, including funds of funds, may pay more or less for shares of the underlying funds than if the transactions were executed in one transaction. In addition, substantial redemptions by the affiliated products within a short period of time could require the underlying fund to liquidate positions more rapidly than would otherwise be desirable, which may have the effect of reducing or eliminating potential gain or causing the underlying fund to realize a loss. Substantial redemptions may also adversely affect the ability of the investment manager to implement the underlying fund’s investment strategy. Columbia Management also has an economic conflict of interest in determining the allocation of the affiliated products’ assets among the underlying funds as it earns different fees from the underlying funds. Columbia Management monitors expense levels of the Funds and is committed to offering funds that are competitively priced. Columbia Management reports to the Board of each fund of funds on the steps it has taken to manage any potential conflicts. See the Merger SAI for information on the percent of the Fund owned by affiliated products.
Cash Reserves. A Fund may invest its daily cash balance in a money market fund selected by Columbia Management, including but not limited to RiverSource Short-Term Cash Fund (Short-Term Cash Fund), a money market Fund established for the exclusive use of the Funds and other institutional clients of Columbia Management. While Short-Term Cash Fund does not pay an advisory fee to Columbia Management, it does incur other expenses. A Fund will invest in Short-Term Cash Fund or any other money market fund selected by Columbia Management only to the extent it is consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. Short-Term Cash Fund is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
Fund Holdings Disclosure. The Board has adopted policies and procedures that govern the timing and circumstances of disclosure to shareholders and third parties of information regarding the securities owned by a Fund. A description of these policies and procedures is included in the Merger SAI.
The website references herein are intended to be inactive textual references and information contained in or otherwise accessible through the referenced websites does not form a part of this combined proxy statement/prospectus.
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Comparison of Organizational Documents
This chart highlights material differences between the terms of the Declarations of Trust/Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Buying Funds and Selling Funds.
Group A: | Selling Funds: Seligman National Municipal Fund and Seligman New York Municipal Fund. | |
Group B: | Selling Funds: RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund. | |
Group C: | Buying Funds: Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund, and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund. | |
Group D: | Selling Funds: Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund. | |
Group E: | Selling Fund: RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund. |
Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
Shareholder Liability | Under the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”), a stockholder of a corporation is not obligated to the corporation or its creditors with respect to the stock, except to the extent that the subscription price or other agreed upon price for the stock has not been paid or liability is otherwise imposed under the MGCL. | The shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for its obligations. However, the Declaration of Trust contains express disclaimers of shareholder liability for acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of the assets of a series for any shareholder held personally liable for obligations of such series. Therefore, the possibility that a shareholder could be held liable would be limited to a situation in which the assets of the applicable series had been exhausted. | Under Minnesota law, a shareholder’s liability to the corporation or its creditors is limited to paying the amount agreed to be paid for the shares which the shareholder holds or has agreed to purchase. | |||||||
Shareholder Voting Rights | On each matter submitted to vote of the stockholders, each holder of the Corporation’s common stock is entitled to one vote for each such share of common stock held standing in his name on the books of the Corporation | The Shareholders have power to vote only (i) for the election or removal of Trustees, (ii) with respect to the approval or termination in accordance with the 1940 Act of any contract with a contracting party as to which shareholder approval | At all meetings of shareholders, each shareholder of record is entitled to one vote for each dollar of net asset value (number of shares owned times net asset value per share) and each fractional dollar amount is entitled to | Shareholders have power to vote only (i) for the election of Trustees, (ii) with respect to any investment advisory contract, (iii) with respect to termination of the Trust, (iv) with respect to certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust, (v) | At all meetings of the shareholders, each shareholder of record entitled to vote is entitled to one vote for each dollar of net asset value (number of shares owned times net asset value per share) and each fractional dollar |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
irrespective of the series thereof and all shares of all series vote as a single class (“Single Class Voting”); provided, however, that (A) as to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any series by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act) or would be required under the MGCL, the requirements as to a separate vote by that Class shall apply in lieu of Single Class Voting as described above; (B) in the event that the separate vote requirements referred to in (A) above apply with respect to one or more Classes, then, subject to (C) below, the Shares of all other Classes shall vote as a single class; and (C) as to any matter which does not affect the interest of a particular Class, only the holders of Shares of the one or more affected Classes shall be entitled to vote.
As to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any class is required by the 1940 Act or by MGCL, such requirement as to a separate vote by the class applies in lieu of Single Class Voting, and, if | is required by the 1940 Act, (iii) with respect to any termination or reorganization of the Trust or any series of the Trust, (iv) with respect to certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust, (v) to the same extent as the stockholders of a Massachusetts business corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or any series of the Trust, or the shareholders of any of them (provided, however, that a shareholder of a particular series of the Trust will not in any event be entitled to maintain a derivative or class action on behalf of any other series of the Trust or the shareholders thereof), and (vi) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the Securities and Exchange Commission (or any successor agency) or any State, or as the Trustees | a proportionate fractional vote.
The shareholders have the power to vote (i) for the election of Trustees, (ii) to the same extent as shareholders of a Massachusetts business corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or shareholder, (iii) with respect to termination of the Trust or any class or series of the trust, (iv) with respect to the approval or termination in accordance with the 1940 Act of any contract with any one or more corporations, trusts, associations, partnerships, limited partnerships or other types of organizations, or individuals as to which shareholder approval is required by the 1940 Act, and (v) with respect to additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the SEC (or any successor agency) | with respect to any merger, consolidation or sale of assets as, (vi) with respect to incorporation of the Trust, (vii) to the same extent as the stockholders of a Massachusetts business corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the shareholders, and (viii) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by law, the Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the Securities and Exchange Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as and when the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. Each whole share is entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional share is entitled to a proportionate fractional vote, except that shares held in the treasury of the Trust as of the record date, as determined in accordance with the By-Laws, will not be voted and except that the Trustees | amount is entitled to a proportionate fractional vote.
Shareholders have the power to vote (i) for the election of Directors; (ii) on most amendments to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and on certain amendments to the corporation’s By-Laws; (iii) on certain proposed mergers and exchanges to which the corporation is a party; (iv) on the proposed sale of all or substantially all of the corporation’s property and assets not in the usual and regular course of its business; and (v) on the proposed dissolution of the corporation.
At all elections of Directors, each shareholder is entitled to as many votes equal to the number of dollars of net asset value of shares owned multiplied by the number of Directors to be elected and may cast all of such votes for a single Director or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them.
The standard form of certifying resolution |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, regulations or orders thereunder or under the MGCL, all classes of a particular series vote together as a single class on any matter that has the same effect on each class of that series. As to any matter that does not affect the interest of a particular class, only the holders of shares of the affected class are entitled to vote.
The Bylaws of the corporation provide that when a quorum is present at any meeting, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast, or, with respect to any matter requiring a class vote, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast of each class entitled to vote as a class on the matter, shall decide any matter properly brought before such meeting (except that directors may be elected by the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast), unless a different vote is required under the 1940 Act or other applicable statutes or regulations or the charter of the Corporation. Each share may be voted for as many | may consider necessary or desirable.
If and to the extent that the Trustees determine that such action is required by law or by the Declaration of Trust, they are required to cause each matter required or permitted to be voted upon at a meeting or by written consent of shareholders to be submitted to a separate vote of the outstanding shares of each series of the Trust entitled to vote thereon; provided, that (i) when expressly required by the 1940 Act or by other law, actions of shareholders shall be taken by a vote of all outstanding shares of each series or class whose holders are entitled to vote thereon; and (ii) when the Trustees determine that any matter to be submitted to a vote of shareholders affects only the rights or interests of shareholders of one or more but not all series or of one or more but not all classes of a single series (including without limitation any distribution plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act applicable to any such | or any State, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable.
On any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares entitled to vote will be voted in the aggregate as a single class without regard to series or class of shares, except that shares may be voted by individual series or classes (1) when required by the 1940 Act, (2) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects one or more series or classes of shares materially differently, or (3) when the matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes.
There is no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. | may, in conjunction with the establishment of any series or classes of shares, establish conditions under which the several series or classes will have separate voting rights or no voting rights. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees.
The Trustees shall be elected by a majority shareholder vote (defined in the charter as (i) a majority of Shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders at which a quorum, as determined in accordance with the By-Laws, is present; (ii) a majority of Shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote when action is taken by written consent of shareholders; and (iii) a “majority of the outstanding voting securities”, as that phrase is defined in the 1940 Act, when action is taken by Shareholders with respect to any matter as to which the vote of “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” is required under the 1940 Act; provided that in cases required or permitted under | creating rights and preferences for series of capital stock provides that each share may be voted by series (i) as required by the provisions of the 1940 Act and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) when the Board of Directors determines that a matter affects series in a materially different way; or (iii) when the Board of Directors determines a matter affects only one or some of the series. In addition, under Minnesota law, shareholders are entitled to vote as separate series or classes with respect to certain amendments to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and on certain mergers and exchanges to which the corporation is a party. |
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individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted. | series of the Trust or class), then only the shareholders of the series or classes so affected will be entitled to vote thereon.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the holders of such classes as may be established by the Trustees of any series, each voting as a separate class, will have exclusive voting rights with respect to provisions of any distribution plan adopted by the Trustees pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (a “Plan”) applicable to the class of shares of such series of the Trust.
On each matter submitted to a vote of the shareholders, other than the election of any Trustee, each holder of shares of any series is entitled to one vote for each dollar of net asset value (number of shares owned times net asset value per share) and each fractional dollar amount is be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote.
At all elections of Trustees, each holder of shares of any series is entitled to as many | the 1940 Act to be submitted to the holders of the shares of one or more but not all series or classes of shares, a “Majority Shareholder Vote” means the vote of “a majority of the outstanding voting securities,” as that phrase is defined in the 1940 Act, of the Shares of the particular series or class) at the first meeting of Shareholders following the initial offering of Shares of the Trust. |
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Votes as equals the dollars of net asset value multiplied by the number of Trustees to be elected and may cast all of such votes for a single Trustee or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy. A proxy with respect to shares held in the name of two (2) or more persons will be valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a shareholder will be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity rests on the challenger.
A “Majority Shareholder Vote”, as defined below, at a meeting of which a quorum is present will decide any question, except when a different vote is required or permitted by any provision of the 1940 Act or other applicable law or by the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, or |
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when the Trustees in their discretion require a larger vote or the vote of a majority or larger fraction of the shares of one or more particular series or classes.
A “Majority Shareholder Vote,” as used with respect to the election of any Trustee at a meeting of shareholders, means the vote for the election of such Trustee of a plurality of all outstanding shares of the Trust, without regard to series or class, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon, provided that a quorum is present, and as used with respect to any other action required or permitted to be taken by shareholders, means the vote for such action of the holders of that majority of all outstanding shares (or, where a separate vote of shares of any particular series or class is to be taken, the affirmative vote of that majority of the outstanding shares of that series or class) of the Trust which consists of: (i) a majority of all shares (or of shares of the particular series or class) represented in person or by proxy and |
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entitled to vote on such action at the meeting of shareholders at which such action is to be taken, provided that a quorum is present; or (ii) if such action is to be taken by written consent of shareholders, a majority of all shares (or of shares of the particular series or class) issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on such action; provided, that (iii) as used with respect to any action requiring the affirmative vote of “a majority of the outstanding voting securities”, as the quoted phrase is defined in the 1940 Act, of the Trust or of any series, “Majority Shareholder Vote” means the vote for such action at a meeting of shareholders of the smallest majority of all outstanding shares of the trust (or of shares of the particular series or class) entitled to vote on such action which satisfies such 1940 Act voting requirement. | ||||||||||
Shareholder Meetings | Regular stockholder meetings are not required, unless stockholders are required to meet for the purposes of electing Directors pursuant to the 1940 Act. | Meetings of shareholders may be called by the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking action upon any matter requiring the vote or | The Declaration of Trust and By-Laws do not address annual shareholder meetings. Regular shareholder meetings are not required for business | The Declaration of Trust and By-Laws do not address annual shareholder meetings. Regular shareholder meetings are not required for business | Regular shareholder meetings are not required; however, a majority of Directors present at a duly held meeting may call a regular meeting of |
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The chairman of the Board of Directors, president, chief executive officer or Board of Directors may call a special meeting of the stockholders.
In addition, a special meeting of stockholders will be called by the secretary of the corporation on the written request of stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote. The stockholders must send written notice to the secretary and other procedural requirements must be met.
Any special meeting to be held pursuant to stockholders’ request may not be held more than 90 days after the record date for the meeting. | authority of the shareholders as provided by the Declaration of Trust, or upon any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be necessary or desirable. Written notice of any meeting of shareholders will be given or caused to be given by the Trustees by mailing such notice at least ten (10) days before such meeting, postage prepaid, stating the time, place and purpose of the meeting, to each shareholder at the shareholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Trust. If a meeting of Shareholders has not been held during the immediately preceding fifteen (15) months for the purpose of electing Trustees, a shareholder or shareholders holding three percent (3%) or more of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote may demand a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees by written notice of demand given to the Trustees. Within thirty (30) days after receipt of such demand, the Trustees will call and give notice of a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees. If the | trusts under the General Laws of Massachusetts.
Shareholder meetings will be held when called by the Trustees for the purpose of taking action on any matter requiring the vote or authority of the shareholders, or for any other matter the Trustees deem necessary or desirable. | trusts under the General Laws of Massachusetts.
All meetings of the shareholders are held at the principal office of the Trust in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or at such other place within the United States as may from time to time be designated by the Trustees and stated in the notice of such meeting.
Special or extraordinary meetings of the shareholders for any purpose or purposes may be called by the Chairman or a majority of the Trustees, and will be called by the Secretary upon receipt of the request in writing signed by shareholders holding not less than twenty-five per cent (25%) of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat. Such request will state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. The secretary will inform such shareholders of the reasonably estimated costs of preparing and mailing such notice of meeting and upon payment to the Trust of such costs, the secretary | shareholders by fixing the date, time and place for a meeting.
If a regular meeting of shareholders has not been held during the immediately preceding 15 months, a shareholder or shareholders holding three percent or more of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote may demand a regular meeting of shareholders by written notice of demand given to the chief executive officer or chief financial officer. Within 30 days after receipt of the demand by one of those officers, the Board of Directors must cause a regular meeting of shareholders to be called and held on notice no later than 90 days after receipt of the demand, all at the expense of the Fund.
Special meetings of the shareholders may be called at any time as provided for by the laws of the State of Minnesota.
In addition, a special meeting of shareholders may be called at any time by a shareholder or shareholders holding 10% |
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Trustees fail to call such meeting or give notice thereof, then the shareholder or shareholders making the demand may call and give notice of such meeting at the expense of the Trust. The Trustees will promptly call and give notice of a meeting of Shareholders for the purpose of voting upon removal of any Trustee of the Trust when requested to do so in writing by shareholders holding not less than ten percent (10%) of the shares then outstanding. If the Trustees fail to call or give notice of any meeting of shareholders for a period of thirty (30) days after written application by shareholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the shares then outstanding requesting that a meeting be called for any other purpose requiring action by the shareholders as provided in the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, then shareholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the shares then outstanding may call and give notice of such meeting, and thereupon the meeting will be held in the manner. | will give notice stating the purpose or purposes of the meeting as required in by the By-Laws to all shareholders entitled to notice of such meeting. No special meeting need be called upon the request of the holders of shares entitled to cast less than a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at such meeting to consider any matter which is substantially the same as a matter voted upon at any special meeting of shareholders held during the preceding twelve months | or more of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote, except that a special meeting for the purpose of considering any action to directly or indirectly facilitate or effect a business combination must be called by 25% or more of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote |
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provided for by the Declaration of Trust in case of call thereof by the Trustees | ||||||||||
Shareholder Quorum | The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of record of one-third of the shares of all Series and classes issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at a meeting constitute a quorum except as otherwise provided by law or the Articles of Incorporation. Where the holders of shares of any Series or class are entitled to vote separately as a class, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of one-third of the shares of that separate class issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting constitutes a quorum for that vote.
If a quorum is not present or represented at the meeting, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote have the power to adjourn the meeting without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. If, however, such quorum is not present at any | Ten percent (10%) of the outstanding shares entitled to vote without regard to series is a quorum for the transaction of business at a shareholders’ meeting, but any lesser number will be sufficient for adjournments. Any adjourned session or sessions may be held within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting without the necessity of further notice. | The presence in person or by proxy of 30% of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting constitutes a quorum.
When any one or more series or classes votes as a single class separate from any other shares which are to vote on the same matters as a separate class or classes, 30% of the votes entitled to be cast by each such class entitled to vote constitutes a quorum at a shareholders’ meeting of that class.
A meeting may be adjourned by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting without further notice. | The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of record of a majority of the shares of the Trust issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat constitutes a quorum at all meetings of the shareholders except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the shareholders, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until the requisite amount of shares entitled to vote at such meeting are present. At such adjourned meeting at which the requisite amount of shares entitled to vote thereat are represented any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. | The holders of at least 10% of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, constitute a quorum, but the holders of a smaller amount may adjourn without further notice, other than by notice at the time, until a quorum is secured at any such adjourned meeting. In case a quorum is not present, the meeting may be adjourned without notice other than by notice at the meeting. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum may be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. |
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meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders or the chairman of the meeting shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum may be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.
The stockholders present either in person or by proxy, at a meeting which has been duly called and convened, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. | ||||||||||
Shareholder Consent | Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent to such action is given in writing or by electronic transmission by each Director and is filed with the minutes of | Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act and other applicable law, any action taken by shareholders may be taken without a meeting if shareholders who hold at least ten percent (10%) of the shares entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof or of the | Except as otherwise provided by law, the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a majority of the shareholders entitled to vote consent to | Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a majority of the shareholders entitled to vote upon the action consent to the action in writing and such consents are filed with the records of the Trust. | An action required or permitted to be taken at a shareholder meeting may be taken by written action signed, or consented to by authorized electronic communication, by all of the shareholders entitled to vote on that action. Such a written action is not. |
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proceedings of the Board of Directors. | shares of any particular series as is required by the 1940 Act or by any express provision of the Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws or as is permitted by the Trustees) consent to the action in writing and if the writings in which such consent is given are filed with the records of the meetings of shareholders, to the same extent and for the same period as proxies given in connection with a shareholders’ meeting. Such consent is treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of shareholders. | the action in writing and the consents are filed with the records of the Trust. The consent will be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of shareholders | Such consent are treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of shareholders. | effective if it is signed or consented to by fewer than all the shareholders entitled to vote on the action. | ||||||
Notice to Shareholders of Record Date | Not less than ten nor more than 90 days before each meeting of stockholders, the secretary is required to give to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each stockholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting written or printed notice stating the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as otherwise may be required by any statute, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, either by mail, by presenting it to | Written notice of any meeting of shareholders is required to be given or caused to be given by the Trustees by mailing such notice at least ten (10) days before such meeting, postage prepaid, stating the time, place and purpose of the meeting, to each shareholder at the shareholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Trust.
For the purpose of determining the shareholders who are entitled to vote or act at any | Written notice of any meeting of shareholders must be given by the Trustees at least 7 days before the meeting. The Trustees may set a record date for the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a shareholder meeting. The record date cannot be more than 90 days or less than 7 days before the date of the meeting. | Not less than ten days’ or more than ninety days’ written or printed notice of every meeting of shareholders, stating the time and place thereof (and the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted at any special or extraordinary meeting), will be given to each shareholder entitled to vote thereat by leaving the same with him or at his residence or usual place of business by mailing it, postage prepaid, and addressed to him at his address as it appears upon the books of | In general, shareholders who are entitled to vote at a shareholder meeting must be given notice of the meeting at least ten and not more than 60 days before the meeting. In certain cases, the notice of meeting must include specified information required by Minnesota law. The Board of Directors can establish a record date for determining the shareholders who are entitled to vote at a shareholder meeting. The record date cannot be more |
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such stockholder personally, by leaving it at the stockholder’s residence or usual place of business, by overnight delivery service, by transmitting the notice by electronic mail or any other electronic means or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. If mailed, such notice will be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid.
The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, will not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed and will be not more than 90 days | meeting or any adjournment thereof, or who are entitled to participate in any dividend or distribution, or for the purpose of any other action, the Trustees may from time to time close the transfer books for such period, not exceeding thirty (30) days (except at or in connection with the termination of the Trust), as the Trustees may determine; or without closing the transfer books the Trustees may fix a date and time not more than ninety (90) days prior to the date of any meeting of shareholders or other action as the date and time of record for the determination of shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof or to be treated as shareholders of record for purposes of such other action, and any shareholder who was a shareholder at the date and time so fixed will be entitled to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof or to be treated as a shareholder of record for purposes of such other action, even though he has since that date and time disposed of his shares, and | the Trust. If mailed, notice will be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the shareholder as aforesaid. No notice of the time, place or purpose of any meeting of shareholders need be given to any shareholder who attends in person or by proxy or to any shareholder who executes a written waiver of such notice, either before or after the meeting is held, and which notice is filed with the records of the meeting. | than 60 days before the date of the meeting. |
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and not less than ten days before the date on which the meeting or particular action requiring such determination of stockholders of record is to be held or taken.
In lieu of fixing a record date, the Board of Directors may provide that the stock transfer books shall be closed for a stated period but not longer than 20 days. If the stock transfer books are closed for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, such books will be closed for at least ten days before the date of such meeting.
If no record date is fixed and the stock transfer books are not closed for the determination of stockholders, the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders will be at the close of business on the day on which the notice of meeting is mailed or the 30th day before the meeting, whichever is the closer date to the meeting. | no shareholder becoming such after that date and time will be so entitled to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof or to be treated as a shareholder or record for purposes of such other action. |
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When a determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been made as provided in the By-Laws, such determination will apply to any adjournment thereof, except when (i) the determination has been made through the closing of the transfer books and the stated period of closing has expired, or (ii) the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the record date fixed for the original meeting, in either of which case a new record date will be determined as set forth herein. | ||||||||||
Shareholder Proxies | A stockholder may cast the votes entitled to be cast by the shares of stock owned of record by the stockholder in person or by proxy executed by the stockholder or by the stockholder’s duly authorized agent in any manner permitted or not prohibited by law. Such proxy or evidence of authorization of such proxy is required to be filed with the secretary of the Corporation before or at the meeting. No proxy will be valid more than eleven | Shareholders may vote in person or by proxy.
A proxy with respect to shares held in the name of two (2) or more persons will be valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a shareholder will be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity rests on the challenger. | Shareholders may vote in person or by proxy.
At every meeting of the Shareholders, all proxies will be required and taken in charge of and all ballots will be required and canvassed by the secretary of the meeting, who will decide all questions touching the qualification of voters, the validity of the proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes, unless inspectors of election have been appointed by the | At each shareholder meeting, the polls may be opened and closed, the proxies and ballots may be received and taken in charge, and all questions touching the qualification of voters, the validity of proxies, and acceptances or rejections of votes may be decided by two (2) inspectors of election.
Minnesota law provides that shareholders can submit proxies in writing or by telephonic transmission or |
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months after its date unless otherwise provided in the proxy. | Chairman of the meeting, in which event such inspectors of election will decide all such questions. | authenticated electronic communication. It also provides that the Board of Directors can establish procedures whereby a record holder can certify in writing that another person is the beneficial owner of shares, and the beneficial owner then can vote the shares or appoint a proxy. | ||||||||
Director/Trustee Power to Amend Organizational Document | The corporation may amend the Articles of Incorporation if a majority of all the outstanding shares of all classes or the affected class or classes entitled to vote, vote in favor of the amendment, or consent in writing to such amendment. | The provisions of the Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time, so long as such amendment does not adversely affect the rights of any shareholder with respect to which such amendment is or purports to be applicable and so long as such amendment is not in contravention of applicable law, including the 1940 Act, by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the Trustees (or by an officer of the Trust pursuant to the vote of a majority of the Trustees). Any amendment to the Declaration of Trust that adversely affects the rights of all shareholders may be adopted at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the Trustees (or by an officer of the Trust pursuant to a vote of a majority of the | The Trustees may amend the Declaration of Trust at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees provided that notice of such amendment is transmitted promptly to shareholders of record.
The Trustees need not, however, provide notice of an amendment if the amendment is for the purpose of supplying an omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent provision contained in the Declaration of Trust, or having any other purpose which is ministerial or clerical in nature. | The Declaration of Trust may be amended by a majority shareholder vote. The Trustees may also amend the Declaration of Trust without the vote or consent of shareholders to change the name of the Trust, to supply any omission, to cure, correct or supplement any ambiguous, defective or inconsistent provision thereof, or if they deem it necessary to conform the Declaration of Trust to the requirements of, or to reduce or eliminate the payment of taxes by the Trust or any series thereof under applicable federal or state laws or regulations or the requirements of the regulated investment company provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, but the Trustees will not be liable for failing so to do. | The Articles of Incorporation may be amended, altered, changed or repealed in a manner prescribed by the laws of the State of Minnesota. |
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Trustees) when authorized to do so by the vote of shareholders holding a majority of all the shares outstanding and entitled to vote, without regard to series, or if said amendment adversely affects the rights of the shareholders of less than all of the series of the Trust or of less than all of the classes of shares of any series, by the vote of the holders of a majority of all the shares entitled to vote of each series or of each class, as the case may be, so affected. Subject to the foregoing, any such amendment will be effective when the terms thereof have been duly adopted, as aforesaid. A certificate (which may be a part of such instrument) to the effect that such amendment has been duly adopted, and setting forth the circumstances thereof, will be executed and acknowledged by a Trustee or officer of the Trust and filed with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
The By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in | However, no amendment may be made which would change any rights with respect to any shares of the Trust by reducing the amount payable thereon upon liquidation of the Trust or by diminishing or eliminating any voting rights pertaining thereto, except with the vote or consent of the holders of two-thirds of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote, or by such other vote as may be established by the Trustees with respect to any series or class of shares. Nothing contained in the Declaration of Trust will permit the amendment of the Declaration of Trust to impair the exemption from personal liability of the shareholders, trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust or to permit assessments upon shareholders.
A certificate signed by a majority of the Trustees or by the secretary or any assistant secretary of the Trust, setting forth an amendment and reciting that it was duly adopted by the shareholders or by the Trustees as aforesaid or a |
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part, at any time by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares (or whenever there is more than one series of shares, of the holders of a majority of the shares of each series) issued, outstanding and entitled to vote. The Trustees, by vote of a majority of the Trustees, may alter, amend or repeal the By-Laws, in whole or in part, including By-Laws adopted by the shareholders, except with respect to any provision thereof which by law, the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws requires action by the shareholders; provided, that no later than the time of giving notice of the meeting of shareholders next following the alteration, amended or repeal of the By-Laws, in whole or in part, notice thereof, stating the substance of such action is required to be given to all Shareholders entitled to vote. By-Laws adopted by the Trustees may be altered, amended or repealed by the shareholders. | copy of the Declaration of Trust, as amended, and executed by a majority of the Trustees or certified by the secretary or any assistant secretary of the Trust, will be conclusive evidence of such amendment when lodged among the records of the Trust. | |||||||||
Termination of Corporation/Trust | Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation such as the Fund generally cannot dissolve, amend its | The Trust may be terminated at any time by a majority of the Trustees, subject to the favorable vote | The Trust may be terminated by the Trustees with written notice to shareholders, or by the | The Trust may be terminated (i) by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds | In order to dissolve a Minnesota corporation, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting |
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articles of incorporation, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless advised by the Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of common shareholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. A Maryland corporation may, however, provide in its articles of incorporation for approval of these matters by a different percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
The Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provides for approval of the above matters, including dissolution or termination of the Corporation, upon approval by the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. | of the holders of not less than a majority of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote of each series of the Trust, or by an instrument or instruments in writing without a meeting, consented to by the holders of not less than a majority of such shares, or by such greater or different vote of shareholders of any series as may be established by the certificate of designation by which such series was authorized. Upon termination, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust will in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate reduce the remaining assets to distributable form in cash, Securities or other property, or any combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the shareholders. | affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the shares of each series entitled to vote.
Any series of or class may be terminated by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the shares of that series or class, or by the Trustees by written notice to the shareholders of that series or class. | of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders, or (ii) by an instrument in writing, without a meeting, signed by a majority of the Trustees and consented to by the holders of not less than two-thirds of such shares, or by such other vote as may be established by the Trustees with respect to any class or series of shares, or (iii) by the Trustees by written notice to the shareholders.
Upon the termination of the Trust: (i) The Trust will carry on no business except for the purpose of winding up its affairs. (ii) The Trustees will proceed to wind up the affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Trustees under the Declaration of Trust will continue until the affairs of the Trust have been wound up, including the power to fulfill or discharge the contracts of the Trust, collect its assets, sell, convey, assign, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining Trust property to one or more | power of all shares entitled to vote is required. In order to discontinue an individual class or series of shares without dissolving the corporation, an amendment to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation is required. In order to adopt such an amendment, shareholders must approve the amendment by the affirmative vote of the greater of (i) a majority of the voting power of the shares of that class or series present and entitled to vote or (ii) a majority of the voting power of the minimum number of shares of such class or series entitled to vote that would constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the meeting (a “Minnesota Statutory Vote”).
The Board of Directors, acting without a shareholder vote, does not have the power to dissolve the corporation or to discontinue an individual class or series of shares. |
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persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part of cash, securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities, and to do all other acts appropriate to liquidate its business; provided that any sale, conveyance, assignment, exchange, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all the Trust Property will require shareholder approval. After paying or adequately providing for the payment of all liabilities, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements, as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the remaining Trust property, in cash or in kind or partly each, among the shareholders according to their respective rights.
After termination of the Trust and distribution to the shareholders as provided above, a majority of the Trustees will execute and lodge among the records of the Trust an instrument in writing setting forth the fact of such termination, and the |
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Trustees will thereupon be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder, and the rights and interests of all shareholders will thereupon cease. | ||||||||||
Merger or Consolidation | The corporation has the right to take any lawful action to make any amendment to the Articles of Incorporation, including the right to make any amendment authorizing any sale, lease, exchange or transfer of the property and assets of the Corporation, if a majority of all the shares of all series and classes affected by such action and outstanding and entitled to vote, vote in favor of such action or amendment, or consent thereto in writing. | The Trustees may sell, convey and transfer all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust, or the assets belonging to any one or more series, to another trust, partnership, association or corporation organized under the laws of the United States or any State of the United States, or may transfer such assets to another series of the Trust, in exchange for cash, shares or other securities (including, in the case of a transfer to another series of the Trust, shares of such other series), or to the extent permitted by law then in effect may merge or consolidate the Trust or any series of the Trust with any other trust or any corporation, partnership, or association organized under the laws of the United States or any State of the United States, all upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration when and as authorized by vote or | Subject to applicable laws, the Trustees may, without shareholder consent, cause the Trust or any series to be merged or consolidated with another trust or company. The Trustees may also transfer all or a substantial portion of the Trust’s assets to another fund or company. | The Trust may merge or consolidate with any other corporation, association, trust or other organization or may sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all of the Trust property, including its goodwill, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration when and as authorized, at any meeting of shareholders called for the purpose, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote, or by an instrument or instruments in writing without a meeting, consented to by the holders of not less than two-thirds of such shares, or by such other vote as may be established by the Trustees with respect to any series or class of shares; provided, however, that, if such merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange is recommended by the | In most cases, any merger or exchange in which a Minnesota corporation is not the continuing entity, and any sale of all or substantially all of the corporation’s property and assets not in the usual and regular course of its business, requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote.
Any sale of the assets belonging to an individual series of shares of a Minnesota corporation in exchange for shares of another corporation or trust or shares of another series of the corporation, while leaving other series of the corporation outstanding, would require an amendment to the corporation’s Articles of Incorporation. In order to adopt such an amendment, shareholders of that series would have to approve the amendment by a Minnesota Statutory Vote. |
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written consent of a majority of the Trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote of each series whose assets are affected by such transaction, or by an instrument or instruments in writing without a meeting, consented to by the holders of not less than a majority of such shares, and/or by such other vote of any series as may be established by the certificate of designation with respect to such series. Following such transfer, the Trustees sill distribute the cash, shares or other securities or other consideration received in such transaction (giving due effect to the assets belonging to and indebtedness of, and any other differences among, the various series of which the assets have so been transferred) among the shareholders of the series of which the assets have been so transferred; and if all of the assets of the Trust have been so transferred, the Trust will be terminated. | Trustees, a majority shareholder vote (defined in the charter as described above) will be sufficient authorization; and any such merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange will be deemed for all purposes to have been accomplished under and pursuant to the statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
In respect of any such merger, consolidation, sale or exchange of assets, any shareholder will be entitled to rights of appraisal of his shares to the same extent as a shareholder of a Massachusetts business corporation in respect of a merger, consolidation, sale or exchange of assets of a Massachusetts business corporation, and such rights will be his exclusive remedy in respect of his dissent from any such action. |
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Nothing in the above paragraph, however, shall be construed as requiring approval of shareholders for the Trustees or organize or assist in organizing one or more corporations, trusts, partnerships, associations or other organizations, and to sell, convey or transfer less than substantially all of the Trust property or the assets belonging to any series to such organizations or entities. | ||||||||||
Removal of Directors/Trustees | Under the MGCL, stockholders of the Fund may remove any director, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast generally for the election of directors. | Any Trustee may be removed with or without cause at any time: (i) by written instrument, signed by at least two-thirds (2/3) of the number of Trustees prior to such removal, specifying the date upon which such removal will become effective; or (ii) by vote of shareholders holding not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the shares of each series then outstanding, cast in person or by proxy at any meeting called for the purpose; or (iii) by a written declaration signed by shareholders holding not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the shares of each series then outstanding and filed with the Trust’s custodian. | Trustees may be removed with or without cause by majority vote of the Trustees. | Any Trustee may resign his trust (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in writing signed by him and delivered to the other Trustees and such resignation will be effective upon such delivery, or at a later date according to the terms of the instrument. Any of the Trustees may be removed (provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such removal is not less than two (2)) with cause, by the action of two-thirds of the remaining Trustees. Upon the resignation or removal of a Trustee, or his otherwise ceasing to be a Trustee, he will execute and deliver such documents as the remaining Trustees will | Under Minnesota law, the Board of Directors can remove a Director by a majority vote of the remaining Directors, but only if the Director was appointed by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy and has not subsequently been elected by shareholders.
In all other cases, a Director can only be removed by shareholder vote. In general, such removal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all shares entitled to vote at an election of Directors. However, where a corporation has cumulative voting (as do the Funds), |
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require for the purpose of conveying to the Trust (or appropriate series thereof) or the remaining Trustees any Trust property or property of any series thereof held in the name of the resigning or removed Trustee. Upon the incapacity or death of any Trustee, his legal representative will execute and deliver on his behalf such documents as the remaining Trustees will require as provided in the preceding sentence. | unless the entire Board of Directors is removed simultaneously, a Director is not removed from the Board of Directors if there are cast against removal of the Director the votes of a proportion of the voting power sufficient to elect the Director at an election of the entire Board of Directors under cumulative voting. | |||||||||
Director/Trustee Committees | The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members an Executive Committee, an Audit Committee, a Board Operations Committee, a Nominating Committee and other committees, composed of one or more Directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. Any director may give notice to the Board of Directors at any time of his or her resignation from any committee on which he or she serves.
The Board of Directors may delegate to committees appointed pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation | The Trustees, by vote of a majority of the Trustees, may elect an Executive Committee and any other committees and may delegate thereto some or all of their powers except those which by law, by the Declaration of Trust or by the By-Laws may not be delegated; provided, that the Executive Committee will not be empowered to elect the president or the treasurer, to amend the By-Laws, or to perform any act for which the action of a majority of the Trustees is required by law, by the Declaration of Trust or by the By-Laws. The members of any Committee serve at the pleasure of the Trustees. | The Trustees may appoint from their own number and terminate committees consisting of one or more Trustees, which may exercise the powers and authority of the Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine. | The Trustees, by the majority vote of all the Trustees then in office, may appoint from the Trustees committees which will in each case consist of such number of Trustees (not less than two) and will have and may exercise such powers as the Trustees may determine in the resolution appointing them. A majority of all the members of any such committee may determine its action and fix the time and place of its meetings, unless the Trustees otherwise provide. The Trustees will have power at any time to change the members and powers of any such committee, to fill vacancies and to discharge any such committee. | The corporation’s By-Laws provide that the Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate an Executive Committee of two or more Directors, which may meet at stated times or on notice to all by any of their number during intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors. The Executive Committee will advise with and aid the officers of the Fund in all matters concerning its interests and the management of its business, and generally perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be delegated to it from time to time by the Board of Directors. |
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any of the powers of the Board of Directors, except as prohibited by law.
Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent to such action in writing or by electronic transmission is given by each member of the committee and filed with the minutes of proceedings of such committee.
Subject to the previous sections, the Board of Directors has the power at any time to change the membership of any committee, to fill all vacancies, to designate alternate members to replace any absent or disqualified member or to dissolve any such committee. Subject to the power of the Board of Directors, the members of a committee have the power to fill any vacancies on such committee. | The Board of Directors also may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, appoint any other committee or committees for any purpose or purposes, which committee or committees will have such powers as specified in the resolution of appointment. The quorum for such committee established by the Board of Directors is two members regardless of the number of members serving on the committee. | |||||||||
Director/Trustee Liability | A Director or officer of the corporation will not be liable to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for | The Trustee, in incurring any debts, liabilities or obligations, or in limiting or omitting any other actions for or in connection with | Trustees are not subject to personal liability, except by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless | No Trustee will be subject to any personal liability whatsoever to any person, other than the Trust or its shareholders, in connection | To the full extent permitted by the laws of the State of Minnesota, no Director of the Fund will be liable to the Fund or to its |
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breach of fiduciary duty as a Director or officer, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted by law (including the 1940 Act).
Directors and officers will not be protected from liability to the corporation or shareholders for willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. | the Trust, are or will be deemed to be acting as Trustees of the Trust and not in their own capacities. No Trustee will be subject to any personal liability whatsoever in tort, contract, or otherwise, to any other person or persons in connection with the assets or affairs of the Trust or of any series of the Trust, save only that arising from his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office or the discharge of his functions. The Trust (or if the matter relates only to a particular series of the Trust, that series) will be solely liable for any and all debts, claims, demands, judgments, decrees, liabilities or obligations of any and every kind, against or with respect to the Trust or such series in tort, contract or otherwise in connection with the assets or the affairs of the Trust or such series, and all persons dealing with the Trust or any series of the Trust will be deemed to have agreed that resort shall be had solely to the Trust property | disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee. Additionally, Trustees are not personally liable for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent, or employee of the Trust or for any act or omission of any other Trustee.
Trustees that are singled out as experts on particular issues, such as a chair of a committee, are not held to any higher standard than their non-expert counterparts. | with Trust property or the affairs of the Trust, save only that arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for his or its duty to such person; and all such persons will look solely to the Trust property for satisfaction of claims of any nature arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust. If any Trustee is made a party to any suit or proceeding to enforce any such liability, he will not, on account thereof, be held to any personal liability.
No Trustee will be liable to the Trust, its shareholders, or to any shareholder, Trustee, officer, employee, or agent thereof for any action or failure to act (including without limitation the failure to compel in any way any former or acting Trustee to redress any breach of trust) except for his own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his duties.
Each Trustee will, in the performance of his duties, be fully and completely justified and protected with | shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a Director but such limit on liability will be permitted only to the extent allowable under the provisions of the 1940 Act.
Under Minnesota law, the foregoing provision is not effective to eliminate a Director’s personal liability to the Funds or its shareholders for, among other things, (i) any breach of the Director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders; (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law; or (iii) any transaction from which the Director derived an improper personal benefit. |
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of the Trust or the series of the Trust for the payment or performance thereof.
The Trustees are required to use their best efforts to ensure that every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or issued by the Trustees or by any officers or officer will give notice that the Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and will recite to the effect that the same was executed or made by or on behalf of the Trust or by them as Trustees or Trustee or as officers or officer, and not individually, and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon any of them or the shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust, or the particular series of the Trust in question, as the case may be, but the omission thereof will not operate to bind any Trustees or Trustee or officers or officer or shareholders or shareholder individually, or to subject the assets of a series the obligations of any other series. | regard to any act or any failure to act resulting from reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Trust, upon an opinion of counsel, or upon reports made to the Trust by any of its officers or employees or by the adviser, the distributor, the custodian, the transfer agent, accountants, appraisers or other experts or consultants selected with reasonable care by the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel or expert may also be a Trustee. |
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The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder is binding upon everyone interested. Subject to the rights to indemnification described below, a Trustee will be liable for his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and for nothing else, and will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. Subject to the foregoing, (i) the Trustees will not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, consultant, investment manager, administrator, distributor or principal underwriter, custodian or transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent, shareholder servicing agent or accounting agent of the Trust, nor will any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee; (ii) the Trustees may take advice of counsel |
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or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of the Declaration of Trust and their duties as Trustees, and will be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for failing to follow such advice; and (iii) in discharging their duties, the Trustees, when acting in good faith, will be entitled to rely upon the books of account of the Trust and upon written reports made to the Trustees by any officer appointed by them, any independent public accountant, and (with respect to the subject matter of the contract involved) any officer, partner or responsible employee of a contracting party appointed by the Trustees. The Trustees as such will not be required to give any bond or surety or any other security for the performance of their duties. | ||||||||||
Director/Trustee Indemnification | The corporation will indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or | The Trust will indemnify a person made or threatened to be made a party to a proceeding or as a witness by reason of the former or present official capacity of the person against judgments, penalties, fines, | The Trust indemnifies each of its Trustees against all liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and attorneys’ fees incurred in connection | Trustees are indemnified by the Trust with respect to each proceeding against such Trustee, except a proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Trust, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, | Each person made or threatened to be made a party to or is involved (including, without limitation, as a witness) in any actual or threatened action, suit or proceeding whether civil, criminal, |
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investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Director, officer or employee of the corporation or serves or served at the request of the corporation any other enterprise as a Director, officer or employee. To the fullest extent permitted by law, expenses incurred by any such person in defending any such action, suit or proceeding will be paid or reimbursed by the corporation promptly, provided that such person agrees to repay such expenses if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation. The Articles of Incorporation may not be amended to adversely affect this protection. These provisions do not waive compliance with the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act or other valid rule, regulation or order of the SEC. | including without limitation, settlements, and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements, incurred by the person in connection with the proceeding, if, with respect to the acts or omissions of the person complained of in the proceeding, the person: (1) has not been indemnified by another organization or employee benefit plan for the same judgments, penalties, fines, including, without limitation, excise taxes assessed against the person with respect to an employee benefit plan, settlements, and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements, incurred by the person in connection with the proceeding with respect to the same acts of omissions; (2) acted in good faith; (3) received no improper personal benefit; (4) in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct was unlawful; and (5) in the case of acts or omissions occurring in his official capacity, reasonably believed that the conduct was in the best interests of | with the defense of any civil or criminal suit or action, except with respect to any matter (i) as to which a Trustee is finally adjudicated in any such action or proceeding not to have acted in good faith in reasonable belief that such Trustee’s action was in the best interests of the Trust; or (ii) where the Trustee acted in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Trustee’s office.
Expenses, including counsel fees, so incurred by any such Trustee (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties) will be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Trustee to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under the By-Laws, provided, however, that | fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such Trustee in connection with such proceeding, provided that such Trustee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, will not, of itself, create a presumption that the Trustee did not act in good faith and in a manner in which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
Trustees will be indemnified by the Trust, with respect to each proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Trust to obtain a judgment or decree in its favor, against expenses | administrative, arbitration, or investigative, including a proceeding by or in the right of the Fund by reason of the former or present capacity as a Director of the Fund or who, while a Director of the Fund, is or was serving at the request of the Fund or whose duties as a Director involve or involved service as a director, officer, partner, trustee or agent of another organization or employee benefit plan, whether the basis of any proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity or in any capacity while serving as a director, officer, partner, trustee or agent, will be indemnified and held harmless by the Fund to the full extent authorized by the Minnesota Business Corporation Act, as the same or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Fund to provide broader indemnification rights than the law permitted the Fund to provide prior to such amendment, or by any other applicable law as then in effect, against judgments, |
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the Trust, or reasonably believed that the conduct was not opposed to the best interests of the Trust. If the person’s acts or omissions complained of in the proceeding relate to conduct as a director, officer, trustee, employee, or agent of an employee benefit plan, the conduct is not considered to be opposed to the best interests of the Trust if the person reasonably believed that the conduct was in the best interests of the participants.
The termination of a proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent does not, of itself, establish that the person did not meet the criteria set forth above.
If a person is made or threatened to be made a party to a proceeding or required to serve as a witness, the person is entitled, upon written request to the Trust, to payment or reimbursement by the Trust of reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees and | either (a) such Trustee shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising from any such advance payments, or (c) either a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, will have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts, that there is reason to believe that such Trustee will be found entitled to indemnification under the By-Laws. | (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonable incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such proceeding, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust; except that no indemnification will be made in respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which such Trustee has been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duty to the Trust, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the proceeding was brought, or a court of equity in the county in which the Trust has its principal office, determines upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all circumstances of the case, such Trustee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for the expenses which the court considers proper.
To the extent that the Trustee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any proceeding referred to in the | penalties, fines including, without limitation, excise taxes assessed against the person with respect to an employee benefit plan, settlements and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements, incurred in connection therewith and such indemnification will continue as to any person who has ceased to be a Director or officer and will inure to the benefit of the person’s heirs, executors and administrators provided, however, in an action brought against the Fund to enforce rights to indemnification, the Director will be indemnified only if the action was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Fund. The right to indemnification conferred by the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws is a contract right and includes the right to be paid by the Fund in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding for expenses incurred in connection therewith provided, however, such payment of expenses will be made only upon receipt of a written |
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disbursements, incurred by the person in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding, (i) upon receipt by the Trust of a written affirmation by the person of a good faith belief that the criteria for indemnification set forth in the above paragraph have been satisfied and a written undertaking by the person to repay all amounts so paid or reimbursed by the Trust, if it is ultimately determined that the criteria for indemnification have not been satisfied, and (ii) after a determination that the facts then known to those making the determination would not preclude indemnification under this section. The written undertaking required by clause (i) is an unlimited general obligation of the person making it, but need not be secured and will be accepted without reference to financial ability to make the repayment. All determinations whether indemnification of a person is required because the criteria set forth in the first paragraph, above, have been satisfied and whether a person is entitled to | preceding two paragraphs, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Trust will indemnify him against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith.
Except as provided in the preceding paragraph any indemnification under the first two paragraphs, above (unless ordered by a court), will be made by the Trust only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the Trustee is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in such paragraphs. The determination shall be made (1) by the Trustees by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Trustees who were not parties to the proceeding, or (2) if a quorum is not obtainable or if a quorum of disinterested Trustees so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the shareholders.
Expenses (including | undertaking by the Director to repay all amounts so paid if it is ultimately determined that the Director is not entitled to indemnification.
Any indemnification under the Articles of Incorporation or the By-Laws is not exclusive of any other rights of indemnification to which the Directors might otherwise be entitled. No indemnification will be made in violation of the Investment Company Act of 1940. |
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payment or reimbursement of expenses in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding will be made: (1) by the Board of Trustees by a majority of a quorum, if the Trustees who are at the time parties to the proceeding are not counted for determining either a majority or the presence of a quorum; (2) if a quorum under clause (1) cannot be obtained, by a majority of a committee of the Board, consisting solely of two or more Trustees not at the time parties to the proceeding, duly designated to act in the matter by a majority of the full Board including Trustees who are parties; (3) if a determination is not made under clause (1) or (2), by special legal counsel, selected either by a majority of the Board or a committee by vote pursuant to clause (1) or (2) or, if the requisite quorum of the full Board cannot be obtained and the committee cannot be established, by a majority of the full Board including directors who are parties; (4) if a determination is not made under clauses (1) to (3), by the affirmative vote | attorneys’ fees) incurred in defending a proceeding may be paid by the Trust in advance of the final disposition thereof if (1) authorized by the Trustees in the specific case, and (2) the Trust receives and undertaking by or on behalf of the Trustee to repay the advance if it is not ultimately determined that he is entitled to be indemnified by the Trust as authorized in by the Declaration of Trust and the By-Laws
The indemnification set forth above will not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a Trustee or other person may be entitled under any agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested Trustees or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding the office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Trustee and inure to the benefit of his heirs and personal representatives.
The Trust may purchase and maintain insurance on |
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of the shareholders, but the shares held by parties to the proceeding must not be counted in determining the presence of a quorum and are not considered to be present and entitled to vote on the determination; or (5) if an adverse determination is made, or if no determination is made, within 60 days after (i) the later to occur of the termination of a proceeding or a written request for indemnification to the Trust or (ii) a written request for an advance of expenses, as the case may be, by a court, which may be the same court in which the proceeding involving the person’s liability took place, upon application of the person and any notice the court requires. The person seeking indemnification or payment or reimbursement of expenses pursuant to the foregoing has the burden of establishing that the person is entitled to indemnification or payment or reimbursement of expenses. The Trust may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of a person in that person’s official capacity | behalf of any person who is or was a Trustee or is or was serving at the request of the Trust as a trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another trust, corporation, partnership, joint venture or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity or arising out of his status as such, regardless of whether the Trust would have the power to indemnify him against the liability under the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and the By-Laws.
Nothing contained in the paragraphs above should be construed to indemnify any Trustee against any liability to the Trust or to its security holders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
against any liability asserted against and incurred by the person in or arising from that capacity, whether or not the Trust would have been required to indemnify the person against the liability under the provisions of this section.
The Trust agrees that it has a contractual obligation to indemnify each person from the assets of the series of the Trust to which the conduct in question relates as set forth above.
The right of indemnification set forth above will not be considered exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any Trustee may be entitled. | ||||||||||
Dividends | Dividends and distributions on shares of a particular class may be paid to the holders of shares of that class at such times, in such manner and from such of the income and capital gains, accrued or realized, from the assets belonging to that class, after providing for actual and accrued liabilities belonging to that class, as the Board of Directors may determine. | Dividends and distributions of shares of a particular series of the Trust may be paid with such frequency as the Trustees may determine, which may be daily or otherwise pursuant to a standing resolution or resolutions adopted only once or with such frequency as the Trustees may determine, to the holders of shares of that series, from such of the income, accrued or realized, and capital | Dividends and distributions may be paid to shareholders from the Trust’s net income with the frequency as the Trustees may determine. | The Trustees will from time to time distribute ratably among the shareholders such proportion of the net profits, surplus (including paid-in surplus), capital, or assets held by the Trustees as they may deem proper. Such distribution may be made in cash or property (including without limitation any type of obligations of the Trust or any assets thereof), and the Trustees may distribute | The corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide that the Directors may declare and pay dividends in their discretion at any time and from time to time to the extent and from such sources as permitted by the laws of the State of Minnesota. Under Minnesota law, the Board of Directors can authorize a dividend if it determines that the corporation will be able to pay its debts in the ordinary course of business after paying the dividend. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
gains, realized or unrealized, and out of the assets belonging to such series, as the Trustees may determine, after providing for actual and accrued liabilities of that series of the Trust. Dividends and distributions on shares of a series without separate classes of shares will be distributed pro rata to the holders of shares of that series in proportion to the number of such shares held by such holders at the date and time of record established for the payment of such dividends or distributions. Dividends and distributions on the shares of a series having separate classes of shares will be in such amount as may be declared from time to time by the Trustees, and such dividends and distributions may vary as between such classes to reflect differing allocations among such classes of the liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves of such Fund, and any resultant differences between the net asset value of such several classes, to such extent and for such purposes as the Trustees may deem appropriate, but | ratably among the shareholders additional shares issuable hereunder in such manner, at such times, and on such terms as the Trustees may deem proper. Such distributions may be among the shareholders of record at the time of declaring a distribution or among the shareholders of record at such later date as the Trustees determine. The Trustees may always retain from the net profits such amount as they may deem necessary to pay the debts or expenses attributable to the relevant series of the Trust or to meet obligations of such series or as they may deem desirable to use in the conduct of its affairs or to retain for future requirements or extensions of the business. The Trustees may adopt and offer to shareholders such dividend reinvestment plans, cash dividend payout plans or related plans as the Trustees deem appropriate.
Inasmuch as the computation of net income and gains for Federal income tax purposes may vary from the computation thereof on the books, the |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
dividends and distributions on the shares of a particular class will be distributed pro rata to the shareholders of that class in proportion to the number of such shares held by such holders at the date and time of record established for the payment of such dividends and distributions. Notwithstanding the last two preceding sentences, the Trustees may determine, in connection with any dividend or distribution program or procedure, that no dividend or distribution will be payable on newly-purchased shares as to which the purchase order and/or payment have not been received by the time or times established by the Trustees under such program or procedure, or that dividends or distributions will be payable on shares which have been tendered by the holder thereof for redemption or repurchase, but the redemption or repurchase proceeds of which have not yet been paid to such shareholder. Dividends and distributions on the shares of a series may be made in cash or shares of any class | above provisions will be interpreted to give the Trustees the power in their discretion to distribute for any fiscal year as ordinary dividends and as capital gains distributions, respectively, additional amounts sufficient to enable the Trust to avoid or reduce liability for taxes. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
of that series or a combination thereof as determined by the Trustees, or pursuant to any program that the Trustees may have in effect at the time for the election by each shareholder of the mode of the making of such dividend or distribution to that shareholder. Any such dividend or distribution paid in shares will be paid at the net asset value thereof as, but without any load or sales charge. | ||||||||||
Capitalization | The total number of shares of capital stock of all series and classes which the corporation has authority to issue is 1,300,000,000 shares of the par value of $0.001 per share, having an aggregate par value of $1,300,000. | The beneficial interest in the Trust will be divided into shares having a nominal or par value of one cent ($.01) per Share, of which an unlimited number may be issued. | The beneficial interest in the Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of shares without par value. | The interest of the beneficiaries is divided into transferable shares of beneficial interest of $.001 par value. The number of shares of beneficial interest authorized by the Declaration of Trust and the By-Laws is unlimited. | The Corporation’s articles of incorporation authorize the issuance of up to 10,000,000,000 shares of stock with a par value of $.01 per share. The Board of Directors can authorize the issuance of shares in such classes or series with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, or qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as are stated in the Board resolution establishing the class or series. The Board of Directors can, without shareholder approval, increase or decrease the total number of authorized shares, or the authorized |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
shares of a class or series, in the manner and to the extent set forth under “Directors’ Power to Amend Articles of Incorporation/Trustees’ Power to Amend Declaration of Trust” above. | ||||||||||
Number of Directors/Trustees and Vacancies | The number of Directors will never be fewer than the greater of three and the minimum number required by the MGCL (one), nor more than 20, and the tenure of a Directorship will not be affected by any decrease in the number of Directors.
Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors for any cause other than by reason of an increase in the number of Directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors, even if such majority is less than a quorum. Any vacancy occurring by reason of an increase in the number of Directors may be filled by a majority of the entire Board of Directors then in office. A Director elected by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy will be elected to hold office until the next annual meeting of | The Trustees serving as such may increase (to not more than fifteen (15)) or decrease the number of Trustees to a number other than the number theretofore determined by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees (or by an officer of the Trust pursuant to the vote of a majority of the Trustees). No decrease in the number of Trustees will have the effect of removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his term, but the number of Trustees may be decreased in conjunction with the removal of a Trustee.
Any vacancy or anticipated vacancy resulting for any reason, including an increase in the number of Trustees, may (but need not unless required by the 1940 Act) be filled by a majority of the Trustees, subject to the provisions of Section . | The Trustees may fix the number of Trustees, fill vacancies in the Trustees, including vacancies arising from an increase in the number of Trustees, or remove Trustees with or without cause.
Shareholders may fix the number of Trustees and elect Trustees at any meeting of Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose and to the extent required by applicable law, including paragraphs (a) and (b) of Section 16 of the 1940 Act.
Each Trustee serves during the continued lifetime of the Trust until he or she dies, resigns or is removed, or, if sooner, until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her successor. | The property of the Trust is controlled by and the business and affairs of the Trust is conducted and managed by not less than two (2) or more than twenty (20) Trustees, as may be fixed from time to time by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office. Trustees need not be Shareholders. | There may be no fewer than two or more than 15 Directors. If a vacancy occurs in the Board of Directors by reason of death, resignation or otherwise, such vacancy may be filled for the unexpired term by a majority vote of the remaining Directors, even if the remaining number of Directors is less than a quorum. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
shareholders and until his or her successor is elected and qualifies | 16(a) of the 1940 Act, through the appointment in writing of such other individual as such remaining Trustees in their discretion determine; provided, that if there is no Trustees in office, such vacancy or vacancies will be filled by vote of the shareholders. Any such appointment or election will be effective upon such individual’s written acceptance of his appointment as a Trustee and his agreement to be bound by the provisions of the Declaration of Trust, except that any such appointment in anticipation of a vacancy to occur by reason of retirement, resignation or increase in the number of Trustees to be effective at a later date shall become effective only at or after the effective date of said retirement, resignation or increase in the number of Trustees. | |||||||||
Independent Chair of the Board | The Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws do not require an independent chair of the Board of Directors. | The Board of Trustees are required to elect one independent member to serve as Chair of the Board whose duties include serving as the lead independent Trustee and | The Declaration of Trust and By-Laws do not require an independent chair of the board of Trustees. | The Declaration of Trust and By-Laws do not require an independent chair of the Board of Directors. | The Corporation’s By-Laws require the Board of Directors to elect one independent member to serve as Chair of the Board of Directors whose duties include serving as the lead independent Director. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
who presides at each meeting of the Trustees as chairman of the meeting. | ||||||||||
Inspection of Books and Records | Under the MGCL, any shareholder or his agent may inspect and copy during usual business hours the corporation’s By-Laws, minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders, annual statements of affairs, and voting trust agreements on file at the corporation’s principal office.
In addition, one or more persons who together are and for at least six months have been shareholders of record of at least 5 percent of the outstanding stock of any class of the corporation may, in person or by agent, on written request, inspect and copy during usual business hours the corporation’s books of account and its stock ledger, present to any officer or resident agent of the corporation a written request for a statement of its affairs, and in the case of any corporation which does not maintain the original or a duplicate stock ledger at its principal office, present to any officer or resident agent of the corporation a written request for a list of its shareholders. | The records of the Trust will be open to inspection by shareholders to the same extent as is permitted stockholders of a Massachusetts business corporation under the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act. | The original or a copy of the Declaration of Trust, and of each amendment thereto, is kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any shareholder. | The Declaration of Trust and any amendment thereto is required to be filed in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and in such other places as may be required under the laws of Massachusetts and may also be filed or recorded in such other places as the Trustees deem appropriate. | Minnesota law requires the corporation (each Fund) to keep (i) a share register containing the names and addresses of its shareholders and the number and classes of shares held by each; (ii) records of all proceedings of shareholders for the last three years; (iii) records of all proceedings of the Board of Directors for the last three years; (iv) its Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as amended; (v) certain financial statements which Minnesota law requires the corporation (each Fund) to prepare; (vi) all reports to shareholders generally within the last three years; and (vii) a statement of the names and usual business addresses of its Directors and principal officers. The Fund’s shareholders and beneficial owners have the right, upon written demand stating the purpose, at any reasonable time to examine and copy those records which are reasonably related to the stated purpose, provided that the stated purpose is |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
The corporation’s By-Laws provides that a shareholder with the right, under applicable law, to inspect the corporation’s books of account, stock ledger, or other specified documents of the corporation has no right to make an inspection if the Board of Directors determines that the shareholder has an improper purpose for requesting the inspection. | reasonably related to the person’s interest as a shareholder or beneficial owner. | |||||||||
Involuntary Redemption of Accounts | The Board of Directors may, from time to time in its discretion, authorize the Corporation to require the redemption of all or any part of the outstanding shares of any series or class for the proportionate interest per share in the assets of the corporation belonging to that series or class, or the cash equivalent thereof (being the net asset value per share determined as provided in the Articles of Incorporation), upon the sending of written notice thereof to each shareholder any of whose shares are so redeemed and upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors deem advisable. | Each Share of any series of the Trust is subject to redemption at the option of the Trust at the redemption price which would be applicable if such share were then being redeemed by the shareholder: (i) at any time, if the Trustees determine in their sole discretion that redemption would be in the best interest of the holders of the shares of the Trust or of any series of the Trust, or (ii) upon such other conditions with respect to maintenance of shareholder accounts of a minimum amount as may from time to time be determined by the Trustees and set forth in the then- | The Trust has the right at its option and at any time to redeem shares of any shareholder at the net asset value thereof: (i) if at such time such shareholder owns shares of any series or class having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) to the extent that such shareholder owns shares equal to or in excess of a percentage determined from time to time by the Trustees of the outstanding shares of the Trust or of any series or class. | If the Trustees, at any time and in good faith, are of the opinion that direct or indirect ownership of shares or other securities of the Trust has or may become concentrated in any person to an extent which would disqualify the Trust or any series thereof as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code, then the Trustees will have the power by lot or other means deemed equitable by them (i) to call for redemption by any such person a number, or principal amount, of shares or other securities of the Trust or the series sufficient, in the opinion of | The Fund may redeem the shares of a shareholder if the amount invested is less than an amount determined by the Board of Directors and set forth in the current Fund prospectus. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
The Board of Directors may also authorize the officers of the Corporation to repurchase shares of any series or class, either directly or through an agent. The price to be paid by the corporation upon any such repurchase to be determined, in the discretion of the Board of Directors, in accordance with applicable law. | current prospectus of such series of the Trust. Upon such redemption the holders of the shares so redeemed will have no further right with respect thereto other than to receive payment of such redemption price. | the Trustees, to maintain or bring the direct or indirect ownership of shares or other securities of the Trust or the series into conformity with the requirements for such qualification and (ii) to refuse to transfer or issue shares or other securities of the Trust or the series to any person whose acquisition of the shares or other securities of the Trust in question could in the opinion of the Trustees result in disqualification. The redemption will be effected at a redemption price determined in accordance with the Declaration of Trust.
The holders of shares or other securities of the Trust or any series thereof are required upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of shares or other securities of the Trust as the Trustees deem necessary to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, or to comply with the requirements of any other authority. |
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Policy | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |||||
The Trustees may redeem shares of any shareholder at a redemption price determined in accordance with the Declaration of Trust if the aggregate net asset value of the shares in such shareholder’s account is less than an amount set from time to time by the Trustees, subject to such terms and conditions as the Trustees may approve, and subject to the Trust’s giving general notice to all shareholders of its intention to avail itself of such right , either by publication in the Trust’s prospectus, if any, or by such means as the Trustees may determine. Similarly, the Trustees may redeem shares of any shareholder at a redemption price determined in accordance with the Declaration of Trust to recover any account charges, as permitted by or disclosed in the Trust’s prospectus. |
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Share Ownership of Nominees
As of [—], the Nominees and officers of the Companies, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of each class of shares of each Fund. The table below shows, for each Nominee, the amount of shares of each Fund beneficially owned by the Nominee. It also shows the aggregate value of all investments in shares of the Combined Funds Complex overseen or to be overseen by the Nominees, including notional amounts through the Deferred Compensation Agreement. Ownership information is presented in the following ranges: A = $0; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Independent Nominee Ownership as of December 31, 2009
Fund | Kathleen Blatz | Edward J. Boudreau, Jr. | Pamela G. Carlton | William P. Carmichael | Patricia M. Flynn | William A. Hawkins | ||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | B | A | B | A | A | A | ||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E | E* | E | D* | A |
* | Total includes deferred compensation invested in share equivalents |
Fund | R. Glenn Hilliard | Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. | John F. Maher | John J. Nagorniak | Catherine James Paglia | Leroy C. Richie | ||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | A | A | C | A | A | B | ||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E* | E* | E | E* | E |
* | Total includes deferred compensation invested in share equivalents |
Fund | Alison Taunton- Rigby | Minor M. Shaw | ||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | B | A | ||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | A | A | ||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E |
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Interested Nominee Ownership as of December 31, 2009
Fund | William F. Truscott | Anthony M. Santomero | ||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | A | A | ||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | A | A | ||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | A | A | ||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares in all Funds in the Combined Funds Complex Overseen or to be Overseen by the Nominee | E | E |
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RIVERSOURCE FUNDS BOARD
Board Governance Committee Charter
Introduction
The Board of Directors/Trustees of each RiverSource Fund (the “Board”) is responsible for protecting the interests of each RiverSource Fund (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) and its shareholders. In this connection, the Board has established a Board Governance Committee (the “Committee”). The Board has adopted this Board Governance Committee Charter (the “Charter”) for purposes of delineating the scope of the Committee’s authority and responsibility, and defining key attributes of the Committee and its members.
Committee Purpose
The mission of the Committee under this Charter is to review and oversee Fund governance matters, including protecting and furthering the interest of the Funds and their shareholders on external matters.
Committee Authority and Responsibilities
To carry out its purpose, the Committee shall have the following powers and duties:
• | Governance Matters |
• | Make recommendations to the Board on: |
• | The responsibilities and duties of the Board; |
• | The criteria to be used to determine the size and structure of the Board, and the background and characteristics of Independent Directors/Trustees of the Board (the “Independent Directors”); |
• | The persons to serve as Board members based on approved criteria whenever necessary to fill a vacancy or in conjunction with a regular meeting of shareholders in which nominees are required to be submitted for a vote of shareholders; |
• | The process for conducting the annual evaluation of the Board’s performance; |
• | The nomination of the Board Chair, the members to serve on each committee of the Board, and the member who should serve as Chair of each committee; and |
• | The compensation to be paid to the Independent Directors. |
• | Have one or more of its members meet personally with each candidate for Board membership to evaluate the candidate’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board, while also exercising independent judgment. |
• | Consider the individual professional and personal backgrounds of each Board candidate or nominee and assess how those would fit into the mix of experiences represented by the then-current Board. |
• | Oversee the proxy voting policies and procedures with respect to voting proxies relating to portfolio securities. |
• | Assist the Board Chair in furthering the interests of the Funds and their shareholders with respect to matters involving regulatory, governmental and investor organizations. |
• | Reporting to Board |
• | The Committee shall report quarterly to the Board, or more frequently as appropriate, on matters considered, conclusions reached, and action taken by the Committee. Recommendations to the Board or action recommended to be taken by the Board will be at the discretion of the Committee members and the Committee Chair. |
The Committee shall be assigned such additional areas of responsibility as appropriate to assist the Board in meeting its fiduciary duties in an efficient and effective manner.
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The members of the Committee shall serve as the directors of Board Services Corporation (“BSC”) as provided by the Operating Guidelines of BSC.
Committee Operations
The agenda for each Committee meeting shall be prepared under the direction and control of the Chair.
The Committee shall ordinarily meet in person; however, members may attend telephonically, and the Committee may act by written consent, to the extent permitted by law and by the Funds’ bylaws.
The Committee shall have the authority to meet privately and to admit non-members individually.
The Committee shall prepare and retain minutes of its meetings and appropriate documentation of decisions made outside of meetings by delegated authority.
The Committee shall evaluate its performance at least annually.
Committee Membership
The Committee shall be comprised exclusively of Independent Directors. Each member of the Committee, including the Chair, will be appointed by the vote of a majority of the Independent Directors then serving on the Board. Members of the Committee will serve at the pleasure of the Independent Directors on the Board.
Meetings
The Committee meets on the dates established on an annual agenda. The Committee may hold additional meetings as called by the Committee Chair, the Board Chair, or any two members of the Committee. A majority of the Committee will constitute a quorum. Every act done or decision made by a majority of the Committee members present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present will be regarded as the act of the Committee. At each meeting, the Committee will hold an executive session for Committee members and Independent Counsel only.
Miscellaneous
The Committee will have the resources and authority appropriate to discharge its responsibilities, including authority to retain experts or consultants, subject to the approval of the Independent Directors.
The Committee will review this Charter periodically, and will recommend any changes to the Board. The Board will initially review this Charter, and thereafter will review any material changes to this Charter recommended by the Committee. Board approval is required for initial adoption and any material changes to this Charter.
Effective Date
Adopted by the Board on January 10, 2008, amended on November 12, 2009 and further amended on January 13, 2010.
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Executive Officer and Director Information
Information regarding the current executive officers of each of the Companies, and the principal executive officer and directors of Columbia Management, is shown below.
Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Companies and | Position with Columbia Management and Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
J. Kevin Connaughton (Born 1964) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | President (Principal Executive Officer) (2010) | Senior Vice President and General Manager – Mutual Fund Products (2010) | President, Columbia Funds since 2009 (previously Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, June 2008 – January 2009); President, Atlantic Funds and Nations Funds since 2009; Managing Director of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, December 2004 – April 2010; Treasurer, Columbia Funds, October 2003 – May 2008; Treasurer, the Liberty Funds, Stein Roe Funds and Liberty All-Start Funds, December 2000 – December 2006; Senior Vice President – Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, April 2003 – December 2004; President, Columbia Funds, Liberty Funds and Stein Roe Funds, February 2004 – October 2004 | |||
Amy K. Johnson (Born 1965) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Vice President (2006) | Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (2010) | Chief Administrative Officer, Columbia Management, 2009 – April 2010 (previously Vice President – Asset Management and Trust Company Services, 2006 – 2009 and Vice President – Operations and Compliance, 2004 – 2006); Senior Vice President, Columbia Funds, Atlantic Funds and Nations Funds since May 2010; Director of Product Development – Mutual Funds, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. 2001 – 2004 | |||
Jeffrey P. Fox (Born [1955]) 105Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Treasurer (2002) | [None] | Chief Financial Officer, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, LLC (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.) and of Seligman Data Corp. since 2008; Vice President – Investment Accounting, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since 2002; Chief Financial Officer, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006 | |||
Scott R. Plummer (Born 1959) 5228 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (2006) | Vice President and Chief Legal Officer (2005) | Vice President and Lead Chief Counsel – Asset Management, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. since May 2010 (previously Vice President and Chief Counsel – Asset Management, from 2005 to April 2010, and Vice President – Asset Management Compliance from 2004 to 2005); Vice President, Chief Counsel and Assistant Secretary, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since 2008; Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Ameriprise Certificate Company since 2005; Chief Counsel, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. since 2006; Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Columbia Funds, since 2010; Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Columbia Funds, since May 2010. | |||
Michael A. Jones (Born 1959) 100 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110 | Vice President (2010) | Director and President (2010) | President and Director, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. since May 2010; Manager, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from November 2006 to April 2010; previously, co-president and senior managing director at Robeco Investment Management. | |||
Colin Moore (Born 1958) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Senior Vice President (2010) | Director and Chief Investment Officer (2010) | Manager, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2007 to April 2010; Head of Equities, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC from 2002 to 2007. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Companies and Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Position with Columbia Management and Year First Elected or Appointed to Office | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
Linda J. Wondrack (Born 1964) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | Vice President (2010) | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (2010) | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer, Columbia Funds, since 2007; Director (Columbia Management Group, LLC and Investment Product Group Compliance), Bank of America, from June 2005 to April 2010; Director of Corporate Compliance and Conflicts Officer of MFS Investment Management (investment management) from August 2004 to May 2005. | |||
Neysa M. Alecu (Born [1964]) 2934 Ameriprise Financial Center Minneapolis, MN 55474 | Money Laundering Prevention Officer since 11/9/05 and Identity Theft Prevention Officer since 2008 | [None] | Vice President – Compliance, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., since 2008; Anti-Money Laundering Officer and Identity Theft Prevent Officer, Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (formerly RiverSource Fund Distributors, Inc.) since 2008; Anti-Money Laundering Officer, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., since 2005; Compliance Director, Ameriprise Financial, Inc., 2004 – 2008 | |||
Stephen T. Welsh (Born 1957) One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 | [None] | President and Director (2010) | President and Director, Columbia Management Services, Inc. from July 2004 to April 2010; Managing Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. from August 2007 to April 2010; Vice President, Columbia Funds, since 2006 | |||
Brian J. McGrane [ADDRESS] | [None] | Director, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | [—] |
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Director/Trustee Compensation
Total directors/trustees’ fees paid by each Fund and the Companies to the directors/trustees are listed below for each Fund’s last fiscal year. No director/trustee listed below received pension or retirement benefits accrued as part of any Fund’s expenses in any Fund’s last fiscal year. All directors/trustees receive reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to their attendance at meetings of the Columbia RiverSource Boards or standing Committees, which are not reflected in the amounts shown.
Independent Director/Trustee Compensation from Funds
Fund | Blatz1 | Carlson2 | Carlton3 | Flynn4 | Jones5 | Laikind6 | ||||||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending August 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 389 | $ | 417 | $ | 373 | $ | 398 | $ | 394 | $ | 396 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 54 | $ | 180 | $ | 0 | $ | 203 | ||||||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 135 | $ | 145 | $ | 129 | $ | 138 | $ | 136 | $ | 137 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 18 | $ | 63 | $ | 0 | $ | 71 | ||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending September 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | $ | 86 | $ | 89 | $ | 79 | $ | 75 | $ | 86 | $ | 80 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 25 | $ | 20 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | $ | 101 | $ | 105 | $ | 93 | $ | 88 | $ | 101 | $ | 94 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 30 | $ | 23 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | $ | 187 | $ | 194 | $ | 173 | $ | 165 | $ | 187 | $ | 173 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 57 | $ | 44 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | $ | 625 | $ | 643 | $ | 582 | $ | 587 | $ | 624 | $ | 582 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 221 | $ | 171 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending November 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | $ | 5,635 | $ | 5,818 | $ | 5,215 | $ | 5,420 | $ | 5,635 | $ | 5,215 | ||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,915 | $ | 1,705 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
1 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Blatz deferred $[—] of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Blatz’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
2 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Carlson deferred $[—] of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Carlson’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
3 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Carlton deferred $64,000 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Carlton’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
4 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Flynn deferred $49,500 of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Flynn’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
5 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Jones deferred $[—] of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Jones’ account under that plan was $[—]. |
6 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Laikind deferred $[—] of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Laikind’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
Fund | Lewis7 | Maher8 | Paglia9 | Richie10 | Taunton - Rigby11 | |||||||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending August 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 782 | $ | 395 | $ | 394 | $ | 377 | $ | 377 |
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Fund | Lewis7 | Maher8 | Paglia9 | Richie10 | Taunton- Rigby11 | |||||||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 152 | $ | 395 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 271 | $ | 137 | $ | 136 | $ | 131 | $ | 131 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 53 | $ | 137 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending September 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | $ | 194 | $ | 74 | $ | 73 | $ | 82 | $ | 82 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 25 | $ | 68 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | $ | 228 | $ | 87 | $ | 86 | $ | 97 | $ | 97 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 29 | $ | 20 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | $ | 425 | $ | 162 | $ | 164 | $ | 179 | $ | 179 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 55 | $ | 150 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | $ | 1,494 | $ | 528 | $ | 615 | $ | 600 | $ | 600 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 216 | $ | 517 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
For Funds with fiscal years ending November 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | $ | 13,540 | $ | 5,012 | $ | 5,860 | $ | 5,399 | $ | 5,399 | ||||||||||
Amount deferred | $ | 2,046 | $ | 4,627 | $ | 427 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
7 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Lewis deferred $60,000 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Lewis account under that plan was $[—]. |
8 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Maher deferred $ 155,000 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Maher account under that plan was $[—]. |
9 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Paglia deferred $[—] of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Paglia’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
10 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Richie deferred $[—] of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Richie’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
11 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Ms. Taunton-Rigby deferred $[—] of her total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Taunton-Rigby’s account under that plan was $[—]. |
Interested Director/Trustee Compensation from Funds
Fund | Truscott1 | |||
For Funds with fiscal years ending August 31 | ||||
RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For Funds with fiscal years ending September 30 | ||||
Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 | ||
For Funds with fiscal years ending November 30 | ||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | $ | 0 | ||
Amount deferred | $ | 0 |
1 | During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Truscott deferred $0 of his total compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. As of December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Truscott’s account under that plan was $0. |
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Aggregate Independent Director/Trustee Compensation for Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Total Compensation from the RiverSource Fund Complex Paid to Independent Directors/Trustees for Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009(a) | ||||
Kathleen Blatz | $ | 172,500 | ||
Arne H. Carlson | $ | 177,500 | ||
Pamela G. Carlton | $ | 160,000 | ||
Patricia M. Flynn | $ | 165,000 | ||
Anne P. Jones | $ | 172,500 | ||
Jeffrey Laikind | $ | 160,000 | ||
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. | $ | 400,000 | ||
John F. Maher | $ | 155,000 | ||
Catherine James Paglia | $ | 177,500 | ||
Leroy C. Richie | $ | 165,000 | ||
Alison Taunton-Rigby | $ | 165,000 |
(a) | Board member compensation is a combination of a base fee and meeting fees, with the exception of the Chair of the Board, who receives a base annual compensation. Payment of compensation is administered by a company providing limited administrative services to the funds and to the Board. |
Aggregate Interested Director/Trustee Compensation for Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Total Compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex Paid to Interested Directors/Trustee for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009 | ||||
William F. Truscott | $ | 0 |
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[—], 2010
This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) relates to the following proposed reorganizations (the “Reorganizations”):
1. | Reorganization of each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund, a series of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Trust; Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund, and Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, each a series of Seligman Municipal Series Trust (each a “Selling Fund”) into Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, a series of Columbia Funds Series Trust I (a “Buying Fund”). |
2. | Reorganization of each of Seligman New York Municipal Fund, a series of Seligman Municipal Fund Series, Inc. and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, a series of RiverSource Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust (each a “Selling Fund”) into Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund, a series of Columbia Funds Series Trust I (a “Buying Fund”). |
3. | Reorganization of each of RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, a series of RiverSource Tax-Exempt Income Series, Inc. and Seligman National Municipal Fund, a series of Seligman Municipal Fund Series, Inc. (each a “Selling Fund”) into Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund, a series of Columbia Funds Series Trust I (a “Buying Fund”). |
This SAI contains information which may be of interest to shareholders of the Selling Funds but which is not included in the combined Prospectus/Proxy Statement dated [—] (the “Proxy Statement/Prospectus”) which relates to the Reorganizations. As described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, the Reorganizations would involve the transfer of all the assets of each Selling Fund in exchange for shares of the Buying Fund and the assumption of all the liabilities of each Selling Fund by the Buying Fund. Each Selling Fund would distribute the Buying Fund shares it receives to its shareholders in complete liquidation of each Selling Fund. This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Proxy Statement/Prospectus. The Proxy Statement/Prospectus has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is available upon request and without charge by writing to the Buying Funds at c/o Columbia Management Services Corp., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, or by calling 800.345.6611.
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Appendix B - Statement of Additional Information of Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | B-1 | |||
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT EACH BUYING FUND
Attached hereto as Appendix A is the Statement of Additional Information of the California Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund dated March 1, 2010, as supplemented (the “March SAI”). The March SAI is hereby supplemented as follows. Capitalized terms used but not defined below have the definitions given in the March SAI.
The section entitled “Investment Advisory and Other Services – Other Services Provided—The Transfer Agent” is hereby deleted and replaced in its entirety with the following:
The Transfer Agent
Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly, RiverSource Service Corporation) is the transfer agent for the Funds. The Transfer Agent is located at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111. Under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent provides transfer agency, dividend disbursing agency and shareholder servicing agency services to the Funds. Effective September 7, 2010, the Funds pay the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $12.08 per account, payable monthly for all share classes, except for Class I shares, and, prior to September 7, 2010, paid the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) an annual transfer agency fee of $22.36 per account, payable monthly.
In addition, effective September 7, 2010, the Funds reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds in an annual amount equal to 0.20% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in such omnibus accounts (other than omnibus accounts for which American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc. is the broker of record or accounts where the beneficial owner is a customer of Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., for which the Transfer Agent is reimbursed $16.00 annually, calculated monthly based on the total number of positions in such accounts at the end of such month) for all share classes, except for Class I, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares. For Class R4 and Class R5 shares, the Funds reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds subject to an annual limitation of 0.05% of the net assets attributable to such shares. Prior to September 7, 2010, the Funds reimbursed the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent paid to financial intermediaries that maintained omnibus accounts with the Funds, subject to a cap of up to $22.36 per account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent on a per account basis and a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by such an account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets.
The Funds also pay certain reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses of the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent also may retain as additional compensation for its services revenues for fees for wire, telephone and redemption orders, IRA trustee agent fees and account transcripts due the Transfer Agent from Fund shareholders and credits (net of bank charges) earned with respect to balances in accounts the Transfer Agent maintains in connection with its services to the Funds.
For the period November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2009, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual transfer agency fee of $17.34 per account, payable monthly. In addition, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid for the fees and expenses the Previous Transfer Agent paid to third party dealer firms that maintained omnibus accounts with certain of the Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account. For the period April 1, 2006 through October 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual fee of $17.00 per account, payable monthly. For the period September 1, 2005 through October 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was entitled to reimbursement by certain Funds for the fees and expenses that the Previous Transfer Agent paid to dealer firms or transfer agents that maintained omnibus accounts with such Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.11% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account.
The Funds that offer Class R4 shares have a Plan Administration Services Agreement with the Transfer Agent. Under the agreement, the Funds pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and Health Savings Accounts (HSAs). The fee for services is equal on an annual basis to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of each Fund attributable to Class R4 shares.
Transfer agency costs for each Fund are calculated separately for each of (i) Class Y shares, (ii) Class R4 and Class R5 shares and (iii) all other share classes (except Class I shares, which pay no transfer agency fees). Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, the Administrator pays the Transfer Agency Fees of U.S. Treasury Index Fund on behalf of the Fund. The fees paid to the Transfer Agent may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.
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The Transfer Agent retains BFDS/DST, 2 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, MA 02171 as the Funds’ sub-transfer agent. BFDS/DST assists the Transfer Agent in carrying out its duties.
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Attached hereto as Appendix B is the Statement of Additional Information of Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund, dated April 1, 2010, as supplemented (the “April SAI”). The April SAI is hereby supplemented as follows. Capitalized terms used but not defined below have the definitions given in the April SAI.
The section entitled “Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Services Provided—The Transfer Agent” is hereby deleted and replaced in its entirety with the following:
The Transfer Agent
Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (formerly, RiverSource Service Corporation) is the transfer agent for the Fund. The Transfer Agent is located at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111. Under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent provides transfer agency, dividend disbursing agency and shareholder servicing agency services to the Fund. Effective September 7, 2010, the Fund pays the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $12.08 per account, payable monthly for all share classes, except for Class I shares, and, prior to September 7, 2010, paid the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) an annual transfer agency fee of $22.36 per account, payable monthly.
In addition, effective September 7, 2010, the Fund reimburses the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds in an annual amount equal to 0.20% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares maintained in such omnibus accounts (other than omnibus accounts for which American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc. is the broker of record or accounts where the beneficial owner is a customer of Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., for which the Transfer Agent is reimbursed $16.00 annually, calculated monthly based on the total number of positions in such accounts at the end of such month) for all share classes, except for Class I, Class R4, Class R5 and Class Y shares. For Class R4 and Class R5 shares, the Fund reimburses the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund subject to an annual limitation of 0.05% of the net assets attributable to such shares. Prior to September 7, 2010, the Fund reimbursed the Transfer Agent (and, prior to May 1, 2010, the Previous Transfer Agent) for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent paid to financial intermediaries that maintained omnibus accounts with the Funds, subject to a cap of up to $22.36 per account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent on a per account basis and a cap equal to 0.15% of the Fund’s net assets represented by such an account for financial intermediaries that sought payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets.
The Fund also pays certain reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses of the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent also may retain as additional compensation for its services revenues for fees for wire, telephone and redemption orders, IRA trustee agent fees and account transcripts due the Transfer Agent from Fund shareholders and credits (net of bank charges) earned with respect to balances in accounts the Transfer Agent maintains in connection with its services to the Fund.
For the period November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2009, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual transfer agency fee of $17.34 per account, payable monthly. In addition, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid for the fees and expenses the Previous Transfer Agent paid to third party dealer firms that maintained omnibus accounts with certain of the Columbia Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account. For the period April 1, 2006 through October 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was paid an annual fee of $17.00 per account, payable monthly. For the period September 1, 2005 through October 31, 2007, the Previous Transfer Agent was entitled to reimbursement by certain Columbia Funds for the fees and expenses that the Previous Transfer Agent paid to dealer firms or transfer agents that maintained omnibus accounts with such Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.11% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account.
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Columbia Funds that offer Class R4 shares have a Plan Administration Services Agreement with the Transfer Agent. Under the agreement, such Funds pay for plan administration services, including services such as implementation and conversion services, account set-up and maintenance, reconciliation and account recordkeeping, education services and administration to various plan types, including 529 plans, retirement plans and Health Savings Accounts (HSAs). The fee for services is equal on an annual basis to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of each Fund attributable to Class R4 shares.
Transfer agency costs for each Fund are calculated separately for each of (i) Class Y shares, (ii) Class R4 and Class R5 shares and (iii) all other share classes (except Class I shares, which pay no transfer agency fees). Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, the Administrator pays the Transfer Agency Fees of U.S. Treasury Index Fund on behalf of the Fund. The fees paid to the Transfer Agent may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.
The Transfer Agent retains BFDS/DST, 2 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, MA 02171 as the Fund’s sub-transfer agent. BFDS/DST assists the Transfer Agent in carrying out its duties.
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at 125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110-1707, is the independent registered public accounting firm for each of the Buying Funds, providing audit and tax return review services and assistance and consultation in connection with the review of various Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Financial Highlights and Financial Statements included in Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009 and Semiannual Report to Shareholders for the Period ended April 30, 2010; Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009 and Semiannual Report to Shareholders for the Period ended April 30, 2010; Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009 and Semiannual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2010 are incorporated by reference into this SAI. The audited financial statements for each Buying Fund incorporated by reference into this SAI have been so included and incorporated in reliance upon the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP given on their authority as experts in auditing and accounting. The audited financial statements for RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund; Seligman California Municipal High-Yield Fund; Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund; Seligman New York Municipal Fund; RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund; RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund; and Seligman National Municipal Fund incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement/Prospectus have been so included and incorporated in reliance upon the reports of Ernst & Young LLP given on their authority as experts in auditing and accounting, except for the information for the periods ended on or before Sept. 30, 2008 for each of Seligman California High-Yield Fund; Seligman California Municipal Quality Fund, Seligman New York Municipal Fund and Seligman National Municipal Fund; the information for the periods ended on or before August 31, 2006 for each of RiverSource California Tax-Exempt Fund and RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund, and the information for the periods ended on or before November 30, 2006 for RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund, which has been audited by other auditors.
Pro forma financial statements of the Buying Funds for the Reorganizations are attached hereto as Appendix B.
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Appendix A - Statement of Additional Information of Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund
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Columbia Management®
COLUMBIA FUNDS SERIES TRUST I | ||||
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | ||||
March 1, 2010 |
Fixed Income Funds | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class T Shares | Class Z Shares | |||||
Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | LITAX | LITBX | LITCX | GIMAX | SETMX | |||||
Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | LCTAX | LCTBX | LCTCX | GCBAX | SCTEX | |||||
Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | LMIAX | LMIBX | LMICX | GMBAX | SEMAX | |||||
Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | LNIAX | LNIBX | LNICX | GNJAX | GNJTX | |||||
Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | LNYAX | LNYBX | LNYCX | GANYX | GNYTX | |||||
Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | LRIAX | LRIBX | LRICX | GRBAX | GRITX | |||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | CLMPX | CCABX | CCAOX | N/A | CCAZX | |||||
Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | COCTX | CCTBX | CCTCX | N/A | N/A | |||||
Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | COMAX | CMABX | COMCX | N/A | N/A | |||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | COLNX | CNYBX | CNYCX | N/A | N/A |
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus, is not a substitute for reading any prospectus and is intended to be read in conjunction with the Funds’ prospectuses dated March 1, 2010. The most recent annual reports for the Funds, which include the Funds’ audited financial statements dated October 31, 2009, are incorporated by reference into this SAI.
Copies of the Funds’ current prospectuses and annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained without charge by writing Columbia Management Services, Inc., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, by calling Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or by visiting the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiafunds.com.
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The SAI is a part of the Funds’ registration statement that is filed with the SEC. The registration statement includes the Funds’ prospectuses, the SAI and certain exhibits. The SAI, and any supplements to it, can be found online at www.columbiafunds.com, or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The SAI generally provides additional information about the Funds that is not required to be in the Funds’ prospectuses. The SAI expands discussions of certain matters described in the Funds’ prospectuses and provides certain additional information about the Funds that may be of interest to some investors. Among other things, the SAI provides information about:
• | the organization of the Trust; |
• | the Funds’ investments; |
• | the Funds’ investment advisor, investment sub-advisor(s) (if any) and other service providers, including roles and relationships of Bank of America and its affiliates, and conflicts of interest; |
• | the governance of the Funds; |
• | the Funds’ brokerage practices; |
• | the share classes offered by the Funds; |
• | the purchase, redemption and pricing of Fund shares; and |
• | the application of U.S. federal income tax laws. |
Investors may find this information important and helpful. If you have any questions about the Funds, please call Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or contact your financial advisor.
Before reading the SAI, you should consult the Glossary below, which defines certain of the terms used in the SAI.
Glossary
Term | Definition | |
1933 Act | Securities Act of 1933, as amended | |
1934 Act | Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended | |
1940 Act | Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended | |
Administration Agreement | The administration agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Administrator | |
Administrator | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
Advisor | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
BANA | Bank of America, National Association | |
BAS | Banc of America Securities LLC | |
Bank of America | Bank of America Corporation | |
BFDS/DST | Boston Financial Data Services, Inc./DST Systems, Inc. | |
Board | The Trust’s Board of Trustees | |
Brandes | Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. |
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Term | Definition | |
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | |
CMOs | Collateralized mortgage obligations | |
Code | Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
Codes of Ethics | The codes of ethics adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act | |
Columbia Funds Complex | The mutual fund complex that is comprised of the open-end investment management companies advised by the Advisor or its affiliates and principally underwritten by Columbia Management Distributors, Inc., as that term is defined under Item 17 of Form N-1A | |
Columbia Funds or Columbia Funds Family | The fund complex that is comprised of the open-end investment management companies advised by the Advisor or its affiliates and principally underwritten by Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. | |
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Connecticut Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Custodian or State Street | State Street Bank and Trust Company | |
Distributor | Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. | |
Distribution Agreement | The distribution agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Distributor | |
Distribution Plan(s) | One or more of the plans adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the distribution of the Funds’ shares | |
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | |
FHLMC | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | |
Fitch | Fitch Investors Service, Inc. | |
FNMA | Federal National Mortgage Association | |
The Fund(s) or a Fund | One or more of the open-end management investment companies listed on the front cover of this SAI that are series of the Trust | |
GNMA | Government National Mortgage Association | |
Independent Trustee(s) | The Trustee(s) of the Board who are not “interested persons” of the Funds as defined in the 1940 Act | |
Interested Trustee | The Trustee of the Board who is an “interested person” of the Funds as defined in the 1940 Act | |
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Investment Advisory Agreement(s) | One or more of the investment advisory agreements between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Advisor |
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Term | Definition | |
IRS | United States Internal Revenue Service | |
LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate | |
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Marsico | Marsico Capital Management, LLC | |
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Merrill Lynch | Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | |
MLPF&S | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | |
Money Market Fund(s) | One or more of the money market funds in the Columbia Funds Family | |
Moody’s | Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. | |
NASDAQ | National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations system | |
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | |
NRSRO | Nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (such as Moody’s, Fitch or S&P) | |
NSCC | National Securities Clearing Corporation | |
NYSE | New York Stock Exchange | |
Principal Underwriter | Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. | |
REIT | Real estate investment trust | |
REMIC | Real estate mortgage investment conduit | |
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
RIC | A “regulated investment company,” as such term is used in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
S&P | Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“Standard & Poor’s” and “S&P” are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and have been licensed for use by the Advisor. The Columbia Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Standard & Poor’s and Standard & Poor’s makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Columbia Funds). | |
SAI | This Statement of Additional Information | |
SEC | United States Securities and Exchange Commission |
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Term | Definition | |
Selling Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a sales support agreement with the Distributor | |
Servicing Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a shareholder servicing agreement with the Distributor | |
State Bond Fund(s) | CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Tax-Exempt Fund(s) | CA Tax-Exempt Fund, CT Tax-Exempt Fund, MA Tax- Exempt Fund and NY Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Transfer Agency Agreement | The transfer agency agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and Columbia Management Services, Inc. | |
Transfer Agent | Columbia Management Services, Inc. | |
The Trust | Columbia Funds Series Trust I, the registered investment company in the Columbia Funds Family to which this SAI relates | |
Trustee(s) | One or more of the Board’s Trustees |
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The Trust is a registered investment company under the 1940 Act within the Columbia Funds Family. Columbia Funds offers over 100 mutual funds in major asset classes, and the Advisor had approximate assets under management of $292.9 billion as of December 31, 2009.
The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust in 1987. On September 23, 2005, the Trust changed its name from Columbia Funds Trust IX to its current name. On October 13, 2003, the Trust changed its name from Liberty-Stein Roe Funds Municipal Trust to Columbia Funds Trust IX.
Each of the Funds represents a separate series of the Trust and is an open-end management investment company. Each of the Funds is a “diversified” fund, except for the CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, the MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, the NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, the RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, the MA Tax-Exempt Fund and the NY Tax-Exempt Fund, each of which is a “non-diversified” fund. Each of the Funds has a fiscal year end of October 31st.
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
The Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund commenced investment operations as a series of the Trust on September 26, 2005. Prior to September 26, 2005 (the Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Reorganization Date), the Fund was organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust V, a Massachusetts business trust, under the name Columbia Intermediate Tax-Exempt Bond Fund (the Intermediate Municipal Bond Predecessor Fund) that commenced business operations as a separate portfolio of the Boston 1784 Funds. The Intermediate Municipal Bond Predecessor Fund was the successor to a separate series of The Galaxy Fund, a Massachusetts business trust organized on March 31, 1986. The information provided for the Fund in this SAI for periods prior to the Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Reorganization Date relates to the Intermediate Municipal Bond Predecessor Fund.
State Bond Funds
Each State Bond Fund was originally organized as a series of another Massachusetts business trust prior to its reorganization as a series of the Trust on March 27, 2006. Effective October 13, 2003, the Trust of which the State Bond Funds were previously series changed its name from Liberty Funds Trust V to Columbia Funds Trust V. Each State Bond Fund is the successor to a separate series of The Galaxy Fund, a Massachusetts business trust organized on March 31, 1986. On November 18, 2002, November 25, 2002, and December 9, 2002, the series of The Galaxy Fund to which the Funds succeeded (the State Bond Predecessor Funds) were reorganized as separate series of Liberty Funds Trust V. As part of this reorganization, Class T shares of the State Bond Funds were issued in exchange for Retail A Shares of the State Bond Predecessor Funds, Class G shares of the State Bond Funds were issued in exchange for Retail B Shares of the State Bond Predecessor Funds and Class Z shares of the State Bond Funds were issued in exchange for Trust Shares of the State Intermediate Predecessor Funds.
The NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund commenced operations on April 3, 1998; the NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund commenced operations on December 31, 1991; and the RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund commenced operations on December 20, 1994.
The CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and the MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund commenced operations as separate portfolios (each a Predecessor Boston 1784 Fund, and collectively, the Predecessor Boston 1784 Funds) of the Boston 1784 Funds. On June 26, 2000, each Predecessor Boston 1784 Fund was reorganized as a new portfolio of The Galaxy Fund (the Boston 1784 Reorganization). Prior to the Boston 1784 Reorganization, the Predecessor Boston 1784 Funds offered and sold one class of shares. In connection with the Boston 1784 Reorganization, shareholders of the Predecessor Boston 1784 Funds exchanged their shares for Shares, Trust Shares and/or BKB Shares of the applicable State Bond Predecessor Funds. Shareholders of the
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Predecessor Boston 1784 Funds who purchased their shares through an investment management, trust, custody, or other agency relationship with BankBoston, N.A. received Shares or Trust Shares of the Funds. BKB Shares were issued to shareholders of the Predecessor Boston 1784 Funds who were not eligible to receive Trust Shares at the time of the Boston 1784 Reorganization. On June 26, 2001, BKB Shares of the Funds converted into Retail A Shares.
Tax-Exempt Funds
Each Tax-Exempt Fund was originally organized as a series of another Massachusetts business trust prior to its reorganization as a series of the Trust. The CA Tax-Exempt Fund commenced investment operations as a series of the Trust on September 19, 2005. Prior to September 19, 2005 (the CA Tax-Exempt Fund Reorganization Date), the CA Tax-Exempt Fund was organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust V which commenced investment operations on June 16, 1986. The information provided for the CA Tax-Exempt Fund in this SAI for periods prior to the CA Tax-Exempt Fund Reorganization Date relates to the predecessor fund of the same name.
Each of the CT Tax-Exempt Fund, the MA Tax-Exempt Fund and the NY Tax-Exempt Fund were reorganized as series of the Trust on March 27, 2006 (the Tax-Exempt Fund Reorganization Date). Prior to March 27, 2006, the CT Tax-Exempt Fund, the MA Tax-Exempt Fund and the NY Tax-Exempt Fund were organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust V. The CT Tax-Exempt Fund commenced investment operations on November 1, 1991, the MA Tax-Exempt Fund commenced investment operations on April 10, 1987, and the NY Tax-Exempt Fund commenced investment operations on September 26, 1986. The information provided for the CT Tax-Exempt Fund, the MA Tax-Exempt Fund and the NY Tax-Exempt Fund in this SAI for periods prior to the Tax-Exempt Fund Reorganization Date relates to the predecessor funds of the same names. The trust of which the Tax-Exempt Funds were previously series changed its name from Liberty Funds Trust V to Columbia Funds Trust V on October 13, 2003.
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The investment objective, principal investment strategies (i.e., as used in this SAI and the corresponding prospectuses, a strategy which generally involves the ability to invest 10% or more of a Fund’s total assets) and related principal investment risks for each Fund are discussed in each Fund’s prospectuses.
Certain Investment Activity Limits
The overall investment and other activities of the Advisor and its affiliates may limit the investment opportunities for each Fund in certain markets where limitations are imposed by regulators upon the amount of investment by affiliated investors, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. From time to time, each Fund’s activities also may be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to the Advisor and its affiliates and/ or because of their internal policies. See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
The following discussion of “fundamental” and “non-fundamental” investment policies and limitations for each Fund supplements the discussion of investment policies in the Funds’ prospectuses. A fundamental policy may be changed only with Board and shareholder approval. A non-fundamental policy may be changed by the Board and does not require shareholder approval, but may require notice to shareholders in certain instances.
Unless otherwise noted, whenever an investment policy or limitation states a maximum percentage of a Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding an investment standard, compliance with such percentage limitation or standard will be determined solely at the time of the Fund’s acquisition of such security or asset. Borrowings and other instruments that may give rise to leverage and the restriction on investing in illiquid securities are monitored on an ongoing basis.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The 1940 Act provides that a “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund, or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. The following fundamental investment policies cannot be changed without such a vote.
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax). These securities are issued by states and their political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities, by other qualified issuers and by mutual funds that invest in such securities. The Fund may comply with this 80% policy by investing in a partnership, trust, or regulated investment company which invests in such securities, in which case the Fund’s investment in such entity shall be deemed to be an investment in the underlying securities in the same proportion as such entity’s investment in such securities bears to its net assets.
The Fund may not, as a matter of fundamental policy, purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief.
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CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) and Connecticut individual income tax. These securities are issued by the State of Connecticut and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities, by other qualified issuers and by mutual funds that invest in such securities. Dividends derived from interest on municipal securities other than such securities will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) but subject to Connecticut personal income tax. The Fund may comply with this 80% policy by investing in a partnership, trust or regulated investment company which invests in such securities, in which case the Fund’s investment in such entity shall be deemed to be an investment in the underlying securities in the same proportion as such entity’s investment in such securities bears to its net assets.
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) and Massachusetts individual income tax. These securities are issued by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities, by other qualified issuers and by mutual funds that invest in such securities. Dividends derived from interest on municipal securities other than such securities will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) but may be subject to Massachusetts personal income tax. The Fund may comply with this 80% policy by investing in a partnership, trust, or regulated investment company which invests in such securities, in which case the Fund’s investment in such entity shall be deemed to be an investment in the underlying securities in the same proportion as such entity’s investment in such securities bears to its net assets.
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) and New Jersey individual income tax. These securities are issued by the State of New Jersey and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and by other qualified issuers. Dividends derived from interest on municipal securities other than such securities will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) but may be subject to New Jersey personal income tax.
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) and New York state individual income tax. These securities are issued by the State of New York and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and by other qualified issuers. Dividends derived from interest on municipal securities other than such securities will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) but may be subject to New York State and New York City personal income tax.
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
As a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of net assets in municipal securities that pay interest exempt from federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) and Rhode Island individual income tax, including securities issued by the State of Rhode Island and its political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and by other qualified issuers. Dividends derived from interest on municipal securities other than such securities will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax (including the federal alternative minimum tax) but may be subject to Rhode Island personal income tax.
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Tax-Exempt Funds
Each Tax-Exempt Fund will, as a matter of fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of its total assets in state bonds, subject to applicable state requirements.
Additional Fundamental Investment Policies:
Each Fund may not, as a matter of fundamental policy:
1. Underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the 1933 Act except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies;
2. Purchase or sell real estate, except each Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein;
3. Purchase or sell commodities, except that each Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts;
4. Purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief;
5. Make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; and
6. Borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief;
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Each Fund may not, as a matter of non-fundamental policy:
1. Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
2. Sell securities short, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.
3. Purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act.
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“Illiquid Securities” is defined in accordance with the SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is a security which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which a Fund has valued the security.
Permissible Investments and Related Risks
Each Fund’s prospectuses identify and summarize the individual types of securities in which the Fund invests as part of its principal investment strategies and the principal risks associated with such investments.
The table below identifies for each Fund certain types of securities in which each Fund is permitted to invest, including certain types of securities that are described in each Fund’s prospectuses. A Fund generally has the ability to invest 10% or more of its total assets in each type of security described in its prospectuses (and in each sub-category of such security type described in this SAI). To the extent that a type of security identified below is not described in a Fund’s prospectuses (or as a sub-category of such security type in this SAI), the Fund generally invests less than 10% of the Fund’s total assets in such security type.
Information about individual types of securities (including certain of their associated risks) in which some or all of the Funds may invest is set forth below. Each Fund’s investment in these types of securities is subject to its investment objective and fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies.
Temporary Defensive Positions. Each Fund may temporarily invest in money market instruments or hold cash. It may do so without limit, when the Advisor or the Fund’s sub-advisor, if applicable: (i) believes that the market conditions are not favorable for profitable investing; (ii) is unable to locate favorable investment opportunities or (iii) determines that a temporary defensive position is advisable or necessary in order to meet anticipated redemption requests, or for other reasons. While the Fund engages in such strategies, it may not achieve its investment objective.
See also About the Funds’ Investments — Permissible Investments and Related Risks — Money Market Instruments.
Permissible Fund Investments
Investment Type | Inter- mediate Fund | CT Inter- mediate Fund | MA mediate Fund | NJ Inter- mediate Fund | NY Inter- mediate Fund | RI Inter- mediate Fund | CA | CT Tax | MA | NY | ||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Bank Obligations (Domestic and Foreign) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Common Stock | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Swap Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
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Investment Type | Inter- mediate Fund | CT Inter- mediate Fund | MA mediate Fund | NJ Inter- mediate Fund | NY Inter- mediate Fund | RI Inter- mediate Fund | CA | CT Tax | MA | NY | ||||||||||
Dollar Rolls | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||
Foreign Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||
Guaranteed Investment Contracts | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||
Illiquid Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Money Market Instruments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Municipal Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||
Standby Commitments | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Stripped Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Variable- and Floating- Rate Obligations | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Warrants and Rights | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü |
Asset-Backed Securities
Asset-backed securities represent interests in, or debt instruments that are backed by, pools of various types of assets that generate cash payments generally over fixed periods of time. Such securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying assets (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying assets effectively pass through to such security holders. Asset-backed securities typically are created by an originator of loans or owner of accounts receivable that sells such underlying assets to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the
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payments on the underlying assets, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Asset-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in asset-backed securities is subject to certain risks. For example, the value of asset-backed securities may be affected by, among other factors, changes in: interest rates, the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets, the creditworthiness of the servicer for the underlying assets, information concerning the originator of the underlying assets, or the creditworthiness or rating of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds, derivative instruments, or other credit enhancement. The value of asset-backed securities also will be affected by the exhaustion, termination or expiration of any credit enhancement.
Declining or low interest rates may lead to a more rapid rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in accelerated payments on asset-backed securities that then would be reinvested at a lesser rate of interest. Rising or high interest rates tend to lead to a slower rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in slower than expected payments on asset-backed securities that can, in turn, lead to a decline in value. The impact of changing interest rates on the value of asset-backed securities may be difficult to predict and result in greater volatility. Holders of asset-backed securities generally have no recourse against the originator of the underlying assets in the event of a default on the underlying assets. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of asset-backed securities, backed by pools of receivables such as mortgage loans, may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or an underlying obligor has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for asset-backed securities that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of an asset-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be.
Bank Obligations (Domestic and Foreign)
Bank obligations include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, time deposits and promissory notes that earn a specified rate of return and may be issued by (i) a domestic branch of a domestic bank, (ii) a foreign branch of a domestic bank, (iii) a domestic branch of a foreign bank or (iv) a foreign branch of a foreign bank. Bank obligations may be structured as fixed -, variable - or floating rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
Certificates of deposit, or so-called CDs, typically are interest-bearing debt instruments issued by banks and have maturities ranging from a few weeks to several years. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on and accepted by banks, are a customary means of effecting payment for merchandise sold in import-export transactions and a general source of financing. Yankee dollar certificates of deposit are negotiable CDs issued in the United States by branches and agencies of foreign banks. Eurodollar certificates of deposit are CDs issued by foreign (mainly European) banks with interest and principal paid in U.S. dollars. Such CDs typically have maturities of less than two years and have interest rates that typically are pegged to the London Interbank Offered Rate or LIBOR. A time deposit can be either a savings account or CD that is an obligation of a financial institution for a fixed term. Typically, there are penalties for early withdrawals of time deposits. Promissory notes are written commitments of the maker to pay the payee a specified sum of money either on demand or at a fixed or determinable future date, with or without interest.
Bank investment contracts are issued by banks. Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of a bank. The bank then credits to the Fund payments at floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund also may hold funds on deposit with its custodian for temporary purposes.
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Investing in bank obligations is subject to certain risks. Certain bank obligations, such as some CDs, are insured by the FDIC up to certain specified limits. Many other bank obligations, however, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the FDIC or the U.S. Government. These bank obligations are “backed” only by the creditworthiness of the issuing bank or parent financial institution. Domestic and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulation. Accordingly, certain obligations of foreign banks, including Eurodollar and Yankee dollar obligations, involve different investment risks than those affecting obligations of domestic banks, including, among others, the possibilities that: (i) their liquidity could be impaired because of political or economic developments; (ii) the obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of domestic banks; (iii) a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding and other taxes at high levels on interest income; (iv) foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized; (v) foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be imposed, which could adversely affect the payment of principal or interest on those obligations; (vi) there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks issuing the obligations; and (vii) the reserve requirements and accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to domestic banks. Foreign banks generally are not subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.
Common Stock
Common stock represents a unit of equity ownership of a corporation. Owners typically are entitled to vote on the selection of directors and other important corporate governance matters, and to receive dividend payments, if any, on their holdings. However, ownership of common stock does not entitle owners to participate in the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Common stocks of domestic and foreign public corporations can be listed, and their shares traded, on domestic stock exchanges, such as the NYSE or the NASDAQ Stock Market. Domestic and foreign corporations also may have their shares traded on foreign exchanges, such as the London Stock Exchange or Tokyo Stock Exchange. Common stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in common stocks is subject to certain risks. Stock market risk, for example, is the risk that the value of such stocks, like the broader stock markets, may decline over short or even extended periods of time, perhaps substantially or unexpectedly. Domestic and foreign stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods when stock prices generally rise and periods when stock prices generally decline. The value of individual stocks will rise and fall based on factors specific to each company, such as changes in earnings or management, as well as general economic and market factors.
If a corporation is liquidated, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and owners of debt securities and “preferred” stock take priority over the claims of those who own common stock.
Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to the particular type of company issuing the common stock. For example, stocks of smaller companies tend to have greater price swings than stocks of larger companies because, among other things, they trade less frequently and in lower volumes, are more susceptible to changes in economic conditions, may be more reliant on singular products or services and are more vulnerable to larger competitors. Common stocks of these types of companies may have a higher potential for gains, but also may be subject to greater risk of loss.
Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to a particular industry, such as technology, financial services, consumer goods or natural resources (e.g., oil and gas). To some extent, the prices of common stocks tend to move by industry sector. When market conditions favorably affect, or are expected favorably to affect, an industry, the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry tend to rise. Conversely, negative news or a poor outlook for a particular industry can cause the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry to decline quickly.
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Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio or predetermined price (the conversion price). As such, convertible securities combine the investment characteristics of debt securities and equity securities. A holder of convertible securities is entitled to receive the income of a bond, debenture or note or the dividend of a preferred stock until the conversion privilege is exercised. The market value of convertible securities generally is a function of, among other factors, interest rates, the rates of return of similar nonconvertible securities and the financial strength of the issuer. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, conversely, to rise as interest rates decline. However, a convertible security’s market value tends to reflect the market price of the common stock of the issuing company when that stock price approaches or is greater than its conversion price. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the price of the convertible security tends to be influenced more by the rate of return of the convertible security. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence their value, convertible securities generally are not as sensitive to changes in interest rates as similar debt securities nor generally are they as sensitive to changes in share price as their underlying common stock. Convertible securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in convertible securities is subject to certain risks. Certain convertible securities, particularly securities that are convertible into securities of an issuer other than the issuer of the convertible security, may be illiquid and, therefore, may be more difficult to resell in a timely fashion or for a fair price, which could result in investment losses. Certain convertible securities may have a mandatory conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock or other equity securities (of the same or a different issuer) at a specified date and a specified exchange ratio. Certain convertible securities may be convertible at the option of the issuer, which may require a holder to convert the security into the underlying common stock, even at times when the value of the underlying common stock or other equity security has declined substantially.
In addition, some convertible securities may be rated below investment grade or may not be rated and, therefore, may be considered speculative investments. Companies that issue convertible securities frequently are small- and mid-capitalization companies and, accordingly, carry the risks associated with such companies. In addition, the credit rating of a company’s convertible securities generally is lower than that of its conventional debt securities. Convertible securities are senior to equity securities and have a claim to the assets of an issuer prior to the holders of the issuer’s common stock in the event of liquidation but generally are subordinate to similar non-convertible debt securities of the same issuer. Some convertible securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their predetermined conversion price is much higher than the price for the issuing company’s common stock.
Corporate Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities are fixed income securities typically issued by businesses to finance their operations. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most common types of corporate debt securities, with the primary difference being their interest rates, maturity dates and secured or unsecured status. Commercial paper has the shortest term and usually is unsecured. The broad category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small-, mid- and large-capitalizations. The category also includes bank loans, as well as assignments, participations and other interests in bank loans. Corporate debt securities may be rated investment grade or below investment grade and may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
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Extendible commercial notes (ECNs) are very similar to commercial paper except that with ECNs, the issuer has the option to extend the notes’ maturity. ECNs are issued at a discount rate, with an initial redemption of not more than 90 days from the date of issue. If ECNs are not redeemed by the issuer on the initial redemption date, the issuer will pay a premium (step-up) rate based on the ECN’s credit rating at the time.
Because of the wide range of types and maturities of corporate debt securities, as well as the range of creditworthiness of issuers, corporate debt securities can have widely varying risk/return profiles. For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation that is rated by an NRSRO as investment grade may have a relatively modest return on principal but present relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued, for example, by a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that has not been rated by an NRSRO may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal but carries a relatively high degree of risk.
Investing in corporate debt securities is subject to certain risks including, among others, credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that a Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment grade by an NRSRO generally are considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities. The credit risk of a particular issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than and, therefore, may be paid in full before, lower ranking (subordinated) securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of higher-ranking senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of more junior securities. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of certain corporate debt securities will tend to fall when interest rates rise. In general, corporate debt securities with longer terms tend to fall more in value when interest rates rise than do corporate debt securities with shorter terms.
Derivatives
General
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or a bond), assets (such as a commodity, like gold), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indices, are traded on regulated exchanges. These types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market values are determined and published daily. Non-standardized derivatives, on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex, and may be harder to value. Derivatives afford leverage and, when used properly, can enhance returns and be useful in hedging portfolios. Some common types of derivatives include futures; options; options on futures; forward foreign currency exchange contracts; forward contracts on securities and securities indices; linked securities and structured products; CMOs; stripped securities; warrants; swap agreements and swaptions.
A Fund may use derivatives for a variety of reasons, including, for example: (i) to enhance its return; (ii) to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held in or to be purchased for its portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations (i.e., to hedge); (iii) to protect its unrealized gains reflected in the value of its portfolio securities; (iv) to facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes; (v) to reduce transaction costs; and/or (vi) to manage the effective maturity or duration of its portfolio.
A Fund’s use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives. These risks are heightened when a Fund uses derivatives to enhance its return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge or offset the risk of a
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position or security held by a Fund. There is also a risk that the derivative will not correlate well with the security for which it is substituting. A Fund’s use of derivatives to leverage risk also may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing a Fund to lose more money than if it had invested in the underlying security, or limit a potential gain.
The success of management’s derivative strategies will depend on its ability to assess and predict the impact of market or economic developments on the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate and the derivative itself, without necessarily the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. Other risks arise from a Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell its derivative positions as a liquid secondary market for such positions may not exist at times when a Fund may wish to terminate or sell them. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid. Derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. Also, with some derivative strategies there is the risk that a Fund may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to invest in derivatives altogether. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount and accelerate the timing of taxes payable by shareholders.
A Fund may use any or all of the above investment techniques and may purchase different types of derivative instruments at any time and in any combination. There is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique over another, as the use of derivatives is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions.
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products)
General. Indexed or linked securities, also often referred to as “structured products,” are instruments that may have varying combinations of equity and debt characteristics. These instruments are structured to recast the investment characteristics of the underlying security or reference asset. If the issuer is a unit investment trust or other special purpose vehicle, the structuring will typically involve the deposit with or purchase by such issuer of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or securities) and/or the execution of various derivative transactions, and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured securities) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments.
Indexed and Inverse Floating Rate Securities. A Fund may invest in securities that provide a potential return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. For example, a Fund may invest in securities that pay interest based on an index of interest rates. The principal amount payable upon maturity of certain securities also may be based on the value of the index. To the extent a Fund invests in these types of securities, a Fund’s return on such securities will rise and fall with the value of the particular index: that is, if the value of the index falls, the value of the indexed securities owned by a Fund will fall. Interest and principal payable on certain securities may also be based on relative changes among particular indices.
A Fund may also invest in so-called “inverse floaters” or “residual interest bonds” on which the interest rates vary inversely with a floating rate (which may be reset periodically by a dutch auction, a remarketing agent, or by reference to a short-term tax-exempt interest rate index). A Fund may purchase synthetically-created inverse floating rate bonds evidenced by custodial or trust receipts. Generally, income on inverse floating rate bonds will decrease when interest rates increase, and will increase when interest rates decrease. Such securities have the effect of providing a degree of investment leverage, since they may increase or decrease in value in response to changes, as an illustration, in market interest rates at a rate that is a multiple of the rate at which fixed-rate securities increase or decrease in response to such changes. As a result, the market values of such securities will generally be more volatile than the market values of fixed-rate securities. To seek to limit the volatility of these securities, a Fund may purchase inverse floating obligations that have shorter-term maturities
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or that contain limitations on the extent to which the interest rate may vary. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid. A Fund may invest in indexed and inverse securities for hedging purposes or to seek to increase returns. When used for hedging purposes, indexed and inverse securities involve correlation risk. Furthermore, where such a security includes a contingent liability, in the event of an adverse movement in the underlying index or interest rate, a Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain the position.
Credit Linked Securities. Among the income producing securities in which a Fund may invest are credit linked securities. The issuers of these securities frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles that, in turn, invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain fixed income markets. For instance, a Fund may invest in credit linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to a certain market and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available.
Like an investment in a bond, investments in these credit linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on or linked to the issuer’s receipt of payments from, and the issuer’s potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the issuer invests. For instance, the issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the issuer would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and/or principal that a Fund would receive. A Fund’s investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. These securities generally are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.
Index-, Commodity-, Currency- and Equity-Linked Securities. “Index-linked” or “commodity-linked” notes are debt securities of companies that call for interest payments and/or payment at maturity in different terms than the typical note where the borrower agrees to make fixed interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Principal and/or interest payments on an index-linked or commodity-linked note depend on the performance of one or more market indices, such as the S&P 500® Index, a weighted index of commodity futures such as crude oil, gasoline and natural gas or the market prices of a particular commodity or basket of commodities. Equity- linked securities are short-term or intermediate term instruments having a value at maturity and/or interest rate determined by reference to the market prices of one or more equity securities. At maturity, the principal amount of an equity-linked debt security is often exchanged for common stock of the issuer or is payable in an amount based on the issuer’s common stock price at the time of maturity. Currency-linked debt securities are short-term or intermediate-term instruments having a value at maturity, and/or an interest rate, determined by reference to one or more foreign currencies. Payment of principal or periodic interest may be calculated as a multiple of the movement of one currency against another currency, or against an index.
Index, commodity, currency and equity-linked securities may entail substantial risks. Such instruments may be subject to significant price volatility. The company issuing the instrument may fail to pay the amount due on maturity. The underlying investment or security may not perform as expected by the Advisor. Markets, underlying securities and indexes may move in a direction that was not anticipated by the Advisor. Performance of the derivatives may be influenced by interest rate and other market changes in the United States and abroad, and certain derivative instruments may be illiquid.
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Linked securities are often issued by unit investment trusts. Examples of this include such index-linked securities as S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), which is an interest in a unit investment trust holding a portfolio of securities linked to the S&P 500® Index, and a type of exchange-traded fund (ETF). Because a unit investment trust is an investment company under the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investments in SPDRs are subject to the limitations set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act. SPDRs closely track the underlying portfolio of securities, trade like a share of common stock and pay periodic dividends proportionate to those paid by the portfolio of stocks that comprise the S&P 500® Index. As a holder of interests in a unit investment trust, a Fund would indirectly bear its ratable share of that unit investment trust’s expenses. At the same time, a Fund would continue to pay its own management and advisory fees and other expenses, as a result of which a Fund and its shareholders in effect would be absorbing levels of fees with respect to investments in such unit investment trusts.
Equity-linked securities include issues such as Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Stock (STRYPES), Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES), Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES), and Trust Enhanced Dividend Securities (TRENDS). The issuers of these equity-linked securities generally purchase and hold a portfolio of stripped U.S. Treasury securities maturing on a quarterly basis through the conversion date, and a forward purchase contract with an existing shareholder of the company relating to the common stock. Quarterly distributions on such equity-linked securities generally consist of the cash received from the U.S. Treasury securities and such equity-linked securities generally are not entitled to any dividends that may be declared on the common stock.
Investing in structured products and linked securities is subject to certain risks. Because structured products typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured products may be structured as a class that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured products typically have higher rates of return and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured products. Structured products sometimes are sold in private placement transactions and often have a limited trading market.
Investments in “linked” securities have the potential to lead to significant losses because of unexpected movements in the underlying financial asset, index, currency or other investment. The ability of a Fund to utilize linked-securities successfully will depend on its ability correctly to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. Because currency-linked securities usually relate to foreign currencies, some of which may be currencies from emerging market countries, there are certain additional risks associated with such investments.
SPDRs are subject to the risks of an investment in a broadly based portfolio of common stocks, including the risk that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of such investment. In addition, because individual investments in SPDRs are not redeemable, except upon termination of the unit investment trust, the liquidity of small holdings of SPDRs will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Large holdings of SPDRs are called “creation unit size” and are redeemable in-kind only and are not redeemable for cash from the unit investment trust. The price of a SPDR is derived from and based upon the securities held by the unit investment trust. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a SPDR is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for SPDRs is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying SPDRs purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on SPDRs.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
Futures Contracts. A futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. A futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. The specific security or other asset delivered or taken at the settlement date is not determined until on or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract was made. A Fund may enter into futures contracts which
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are traded on national or foreign futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying security or other asset. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), a U.S. Government agency.
Traders in futures contracts may be broadly classified as either “hedgers” or “speculators.” Hedgers use the futures markets primarily to offset unfavorable changes (anticipated or potential) in the value of securities or other assets currently owned or expected to be acquired by them. Speculators less often own the securities or other assets underlying the futures contracts which they trade, and generally use futures contracts with the expectation of realizing profits from fluctuations in the value of the underlying securities or other assets. Pursuant to a notice of eligibility claiming exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator filed with the CFTC and the National Futures Association on behalf of the Funds, neither the Trust nor any of the individual Funds is deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA, and, accordingly, they are not subject to registration or regulation as such under the CEA.
Upon entering into futures contracts, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities, equal in value to the amount of a Fund’s obligation under the contract (less any applicable margin deposits and any assets that constitute “cover” for such obligation), will be segregated with a Fund’s custodian.
Unlike when a Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by a Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract, although a Fund is required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash and/or U.S. Government securities in order to initiate and maintain open positions in futures contracts. This amount is known as “initial margin.” The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions, in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by a Fund to finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit intended to assure completion of the contract (delivery or acceptance of the underlying security or other asset) that is returned to a Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the relevant futures exchange and may be changed. Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange minimums. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin which may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker (or the custodian) are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or other asset fluctuates, a process known as “marking to market.” If the futures contract price changes to the extent that the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of additional variation margin will be required. Conversely, a change in the contract value may reduce the required margin, resulting in a repayment of excess margin to the contract holder. Variation margin payments are made for as long as the contract remains open. A Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
Although futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities or other assets (stock index futures contracts or futures contracts that reference other intangible assets do not permit delivery of the referenced assets), the contracts usually are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. A Fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The purpose of taking such action would be to reduce or eliminate the position then currently held by a Fund. Closing out an open futures position is done by taking an opposite position (“buying” a contract which has previously been “sold,” “selling” a contract previously “purchased”) in an identical contract (i.e., the same aggregate amount of the specific type of security or other asset with the same delivery date) to terminate the position. Final determinations are made as to whether the price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds or is below the price of the offsetting purchase, or whether the purchase price exceeds or is below the offsetting sale price. Final determinations of variation margin are then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to a Fund, and a Fund realizes a loss or a gain. Brokerage commissions are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold.
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Successful use of futures contracts by a Fund is subject to the Advisor’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors affecting securities and commodities markets. This requires different skills and techniques than those required to predict changes in the prices of individual securities. A Fund, therefore, bears the risk that future market trends will be incorrectly predicted.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts in some strategies can be substantial, due both to the relatively low margin deposits required and the potential for an extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures contracts. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount posted as initial margin for the contract.
In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments in order to maintain its required margin. In such a situation, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities in order to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close the futures position also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge effectively.
To reduce or eliminate a hedge position held by a Fund, a Fund may seek to close out a position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular futures contract, which may limit a Fund’s ability to realize its profits or limit its losses. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions, closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts (or a particular class or series of contracts), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of contracts) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Interest Rate Futures Contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have tended to move generally in the aggregate in concert with the cash market prices and have maintained fairly predictable relationships. Accordingly, a Fund may use interest rate futures contracts as a defense, or hedge, against anticipated interest rate changes. A Fund presently could accomplish a similar result to that which it hopes to achieve through the use of interest rate futures contracts by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase, or conversely, selling bonds with short maturities and investing in bonds with long maturities when interest rates are expected to decline. However, because of the liquidity that is often available in the futures market, the protection is more likely to be achieved, perhaps at a lower cost and without changing the rate of interest being earned by a Fund, through using futures contracts.
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Interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction environment on the floors of several exchanges— principally, the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Futures Exchange. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. A public market exists in futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes; GNMA modified pass-through mortgage backed securities; three-month U.S. Treasury Bills; and ninety-day commercial paper. A Fund may also invest in exchange-traded Eurodollar contracts, which are interest rate futures on the forward level of LIBOR. These contracts are generally considered liquid securities and trade on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Such Eurodollar contracts are generally used to “lock-in” or hedge the future level of short-term rates. A Fund may trade in any interest rate futures contracts for which there exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments.
Index Futures Contracts. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a contract to buy units of an index is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the index. A unit is the current value of the index. A Fund may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its objective(s).
There are several risks in connection with the use by a Fund of index futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Advisor will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged.
Municipal Bond Index Futures Contracts. Municipal bond index futures contracts may act as a hedge against changes in market conditions. A municipal bond index assigns values daily to the municipal bonds included in the index based on the independent assessment of dealer-to-dealer municipal bond brokers. A municipal bond index futures contract represents a firm commitment by which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount equal to a specified dollar amount multiplied by the difference between the municipal bond index value on the last trading date of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made.
Options on Futures Contracts. A Fund may purchase and write call and put options on those futures contracts that it is permitted to buy or sell. A Fund may use such options on futures contracts in lieu of writing options directly on the underlying securities or other assets or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. Such options generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing purchase transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that such closing purchase transactions can be effected.
A Fund will enter into written options on futures contracts only when, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities equal in value to the underlying security’s or other asset’s value (less any applicable margin deposits) have been deposited in a segregated account. A Fund will be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers’ requirements similar to those described above.
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Investments in futures options involve some of the same risks that are involved in connection with investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased. There may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss to a Fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the hedged investments. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to a Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs).
Successful use of index futures by a Fund is also subject to the Advisor’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. It is possible that, for example, where a Fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the index on which the futures are written may advance and the value of securities held in a Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurred, a Fund would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in the value of its portfolio securities, as a Fund’s ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in futures or put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by a Fund. Inasmuch as a Fund’s securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, a Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move to the same extent as do the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that, if a Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held in its portfolio and securities prices increase instead, a Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased values of those securities that it has hedged, because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements.
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the index futures and the securities of the portfolio being hedged, the prices of index futures may not correlate perfectly with movements in the underlying index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures markets are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which would distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result, the futures market may attract more speculators than the securities market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market, and also because of the imperfect correlation between movements in an index and movements in the prices of index futures, even a correct forecast of general market trends by the Advisor may still not result in a successful hedging transaction.
There is also the risk of loss by a Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in a futures contract or related option. Most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in some contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and, therefore, does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
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Options on Index Futures Contracts. A Fund may also purchase and sell options on index futures contracts. Options on index futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in an index futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the index futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the index future. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to the expiration date of the option, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing level of the index on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
There are various risks in connection with the use by a Fund of index futures as a hedging device. For example, a risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Advisor will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged; there can be no assurance that the Advisor will be successful in doing so.
Use by Tax-Exempt Funds of Interest Rate and U.S. Treasury Security Futures Contracts and Options. If a Fund invests in tax-exempt securities, it may purchase and sell futures contracts and related options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities when, in the opinion of the Advisor, price movements in these security futures and related options will correlate closely with price movements in the tax-exempt securities which are the subject of the hedge. Interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities futures contracts require the seller to deliver, or the purchaser to take delivery of, the type of security called for in the contract at a specified date and price. Options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option.
In addition to the risks generally involved in using futures contracts, there is also a risk that price movements in interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and related options will not correlate closely with price movements in markets for tax-exempt securities.
Stock Options and Stock Index Options
A Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular stocks or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks.
There is a key difference between stock options and stock index options in connection with their exercise. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the securities included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the S&P 500® Index or a narrower market index, such as the S&P 100 Index. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment.
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The successful use of a Fund’s options strategies depends on the ability of the Advisor to forecast interest rate and market movements correctly. When it purchases an option, a Fund runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless a Fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction for such option during the life of the option. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, a Fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This contrasts with an investment by a Fund in the underlying securities, since a Fund may continue to hold its investment in those securities notwithstanding the lack of a change in price of those securities.
The effective use of options also depends on a Fund’s ability to terminate option positions at times when the Advisor deems it desirable to do so. Although a Fund will take an option position only if the Advisor believes there is a liquid secondary market for the option, there is no assurance that a Fund will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price.
If a secondary trading market in options were to become unavailable, a Fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. The writer in such circumstances would be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, a Fund will realize a loss equal to the premium paid. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on the options. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is normally halted as well. As a result, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be unable to close out its positions until options trading resumes, and it may be faced with losses if trading in the security reopens at a substantially different price. In addition, the OCC or other options markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on exercise is imposed at a time when trading in the option has also been halted, a Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be locked into its position until one of the two restrictions has been lifted. If a prohibition on exercise remains in effect until an option owned by a Fund has expired, a Fund could lose the entire value of its option.
Special risks are presented by internationally traded options. Because of time differences between the United States and various foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in different countries, foreign options markets may be open for trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of the underlying interest in the United States.
Dealer (Over-the-Counter) Options. Dealer options are options negotiated individually through dealers rather than traded on an exchange. Certain risks are specific to dealer options. While a Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if a Fund purchases a dealer option it must rely on the selling dealer to perform if a Fund exercises the option. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by a Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction. Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options more often may not. Consequently, a Fund can realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the issuing
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dealer. Similarly, when a Fund writes a dealer option, a Fund can close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer. While each Fund seeks to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and can enter into closing transactions with a Fund, no assurance exists that a Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless a Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, can effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, a Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by a Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to a Fund. For example, because a Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, a Fund may not sell the assets that it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair a Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
A Fund generally will treat purchased dealer options as illiquid securities. A Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that a Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Writing Covered Options. A Fund may write covered call options and covered put options on securities held in its portfolio when, in the opinion of the Advisor, such transactions are consistent with a Fund’s investment goal and policies. Call options written by a Fund give the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from a Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price; put options give the purchaser the right to sell the underlying securities to a Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price.
A Fund may write only covered options, which means that, so long as a Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of securities exchanges). In the case of put options, a Fund will hold cash and/or high-grade short-term debt obligations equal to the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition, a Fund will be considered to have covered a put or call option if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or all of the risk of the option it has written. A Fund may write combinations of covered puts and calls (straddles) on the same underlying security.
A Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases a Fund’s return on the underlying security if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the underlying security. By writing a call option, a Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security. By writing a put option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than the security’s then-current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.
A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by a Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an offsetting option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or
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to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. A Fund realizes a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from writing the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option generally reflect increases in the market price of the security underlying the option, any loss resulting from a closing purchase transaction may be offset in whole or in part by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security.
If a Fund writes a call option but does not own the underlying security, and when it writes a put option, a Fund may be required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as “margin” or collateral for its obligation to buy or sell the underlying security. As the value of the underlying security varies, a Fund may also have to deposit additional margin with the broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently imposed by the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations.
Purchasing Put Options. A Fund may purchase put options to protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against a decline in market value. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the put option since a Fund, as holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security’s market price. For a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, a Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from appreciation of the underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
Purchasing Call Options. A Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that a Fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the call option since a Fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security’s market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit a Fund might have realized had it bought the underlying security at the time it purchased the call option.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options. A Fund will enter into OTC options transactions only with primary dealers in U.S. Government securities and, in the case of OTC options written by a Fund, only pursuant to agreements that will assure that a Fund will at all times have the right to repurchase the option written by it from the dealer at a specified formula price. A Fund will treat the amount by which such formula price exceeds the amount, if any, by which the option may be “in-the-money” as an illiquid investment. It is the present policy of a Fund not to enter into any OTC option transaction if, as a result, more than 15% (10% in some cases, refer to a Fund’s prospectuses) of a Fund’s net assets would be invested in (i) illiquid investments (determined under the foregoing formula) relating to OTC options written by a Fund, (ii) OTC options purchased by a Fund, (iii) securities which are not readily marketable, and (iv) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days.
Index Options. As an alternative to purchasing call and put options on index futures, a Fund may purchase call and put options on the underlying indices themselves. Such options could be used in a manner identical to the use of options on index futures. Options involving securities indices provide the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option based on movements in the relevant index. Such options must be listed on a national securities exchange and issued by the OCC. Such options may relate to various stock indices, except that a Fund may not write covered options on an index.
Foreign Stock Index Options. A Fund may, for the purpose of hedging its portfolio, subject to applicable securities regulations, purchase and write put and call options on foreign stock indices listed on foreign and domestic stock exchanges.
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Swap Agreements
Swap agreements are derivative instruments that can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease a Fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates. A Fund may enter into a variety of swap agreements, including interest rate, index, commodity, equity, credit default and currency exchange rate swap agreements, and other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars and floors. A Fund also may enter into swaptions, which are options to enter into a swap agreement.
In a typical interest rate swap, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate times a “notional principal amount,” in return for payments equal to a fixed rate times the same amount, for a specified period of time. If a swap agreement provides for payments in different currencies, the parties might agree to exchange notional principal amount as well. In a total return swap agreement, the non-floating rate side of the swap is based on the total return of an individual security, a basket of securities, an index or another reference asset. Swaps may also depend on other prices or rates, such as the value of an index or mortgage prepayment rates.
In a typical cap or floor agreement, one party agrees to make payments only under specified circumstances, usually in return for payment of a fee by the other party. For example, the buyer of an interest rate cap obtains the right to receive payments to the extent that a specified interest rate exceeds an agreed-upon level, while the seller of an interest rate floor is obligated to make payments to the extent that a specified interest rate falls below an agreed-upon level. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options. A collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor.
Swap agreements will tend to shift a Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if a Fund agreed to pay fixed rates in exchange for floating rates while holding fixed-rate bonds, the swap would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to long-term interest rates. Another example is if a Fund agreed to exchange payments in dollars for payments in foreign currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease a Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on a Fund’s performance. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a Fund’s investments and its share price and yield. Additionally, whether a Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Advisor’s ability correctly to predict whether certain types of investments likely are to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The most significant factor in the performance of swap agreements is the change in the specific interest rate, currency, or other factor that determines the amounts of payments due to and from a Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by a Fund, a Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement likely would decline, potentially resulting in losses for a Fund. A Fund will closely monitor the credit of a swap agreement counterparty in order to attempt to minimize this risk. A Fund may also suffer losses if it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements (either by assignment or other disposition) or reduce its exposure through offsetting transactions (i.e., by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party).
Credit Default Swap Agreements. A Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements, which may have as reference obligations one or more securities or a basket of securities that are or are not currently held by a Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an
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upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, a Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, a Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, a Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to risks relating to the reference obligation, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. A Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements generally with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. A buyer generally will lose its investment and recover nothing if no credit event occurs and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller.
Equity Swaps. A Fund may engage in equity swaps. Equity swaps allow the parties to the swap agreement to exchange components of return on one equity investment (e.g., a basket of equity securities or an index) for a component of return on another non-equity or equity investment, including an exchange of differential rates of return. Equity swaps may be used to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances where direct investment may be restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impractical. Equity swaps also may be used for other purposes, such as hedging or seeking to increase total return.
The values of equity swaps can be very volatile. To the extent that the Advisor does not accurately analyze and predict the potential relative fluctuation on the components swapped with the other party, a Fund may suffer a loss. The value of some components of an equity swap (such as the dividend on a common stock) may also be sensitive to changes in interest rates. Furthermore, during the period a swap is outstanding, a Fund may suffer a loss if the counterparty defaults.
Total Return Swap Agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to a Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Total return swap agreements are subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to a Fund thereunder, and conversely, that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, a Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted against one another with a Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each total return swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be segregated by a Fund. If the total return swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis,
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and the full amount of a Fund’s obligations will be segregated by a Fund in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the total return swap agreement or the amount it would have cost a Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount a Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the total return swap agreement.
Variance, Volatility and Correlation Swap Agreements. Variance and volatility swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the volatility of certain referenced assets. Correlation swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the correlation between the prices of different assets or different market rates.
Dollar Rolls
Dollar rolls involve selling securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities or U.S. Treasury securities) and simultaneously entering into a commitment to purchase those or similar (same collateral type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future date and price. Mortgage dollar rolls and U.S. Treasury rolls are types of dollar rolls. A Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the securities during the “roll” period. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase of the securities as well as the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities a Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price or that the transaction costs may exceed the return earned by a Fund from the transaction. Dollar rolls also involve risk to a Fund if the other party should default on its obligation and a Fund is delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. In the event that the buyer of securities under a dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of proceeds of the dollar roll may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, the security to be delivered in the future may turn out to be inferior to the security sold upon entering into the transaction.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions may be used to protect, to some extent, against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates by establishing a fixed exchange rate. Foreign currency transactions may involve the purchase or sale of foreign currencies on a “spot” (cash) basis at the prevailing exchange rate or may involve “forward contracts” that allow a Fund to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date. Forward contracts may be used for “transaction hedging,” “position hedging” and “cross-hedging.” A Fund may use forward sale contracts to sell an amount of a foreign currency approximating the value of a Fund’s securities denominated in the foreign security when that foreign currency suffers a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar. A Fund may use forward purchase contracts to purchase a foreign currency when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against the foreign currency. Although these transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain that might be realized if the value of the hedged currency increases.
Transaction hedging may allow a Fund to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of a security it has agreed to purchase or sell, or the U.S. dollar equivalent of a dividend or interest rate payment in a foreign currency. A Fund may use transaction hedging to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is declared, and the date on which such payments are made or received.
Position hedging may allow a Fund to protect against an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated. A Fund may use position hedging when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a decline against the foreign currency by entering into a forward purchase contract to purchase that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.
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Cross-hedging may allow a Fund to enter into a forward contract to sell a different foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount when it is believed that the U.S. dollar value of the currency to be sold pursuant to the forward contract will fall if there is a decline in the U.S. dollar value of the currency in which a Fund’s securities are denominated.
A Fund also may purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts. Options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts give the holder a right to buy or sell the underlying foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts for a specified period of time and for a specified amount. The value of an option on foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts reflects the value of an exchange rate, which depends on the relative values of the U.S. dollar and the relevant foreign currency.
Engaging in foreign currency transactions is subject to certain risks. For example, if the value of a foreign currency were to decline against the U.S. dollar, such decline would reduce the dollar value of any securities held by a Fund denominated in that currency. It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract, which may make it necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market if the market value of the security being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency a Fund is obligated to deliver at the time a Fund sells the security being hedged. The value of any currency, including the U.S. dollar, may be affected by political and economic factors applicable to the issuer’s country. The exchange rates of currencies also may be affected adversely by governmental actions. Transaction, position and cross-hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of securities that a Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell and may limit the amount of potential gain that might result from the increase in value of the currency being hedged. Settlement procedures relating to a Fund’s foreign currency transactions may be more complex than those relating to investments in securities of U.S. issuers.
Foreign Securities
Foreign securities include debt, equity and derivative securities that the Advisor determines are “foreign” based on the consideration of an issuer’s domicile, its principal place of business, its primary stock exchange listing, the source of its revenue or other factors. Foreign securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Foreign securities may include depositary receipts, such as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs are U.S. dollar- denominated receipts issued in registered form by a domestic bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts issued in Europe, typically by foreign banks or trust companies and foreign branches of domestic banks, that evidence ownership of foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are receipts structured similarly to ADRs and EDRs and are marketed globally. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. In general, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. A Fund may invest in depositary receipts through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute interest-holder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities. The issuers of unsponsored
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depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be limited information available regarding such issuers and/or limited correlation between available information and the market value of the depositary receipts.
Investing in foreign securities is subject to certain risks. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also may impact the value of foreign securities denominated in foreign currencies or U.S. dollars, without a change in the intrinsic value of those securities. Additionally, the U.S. dollar value of a foreign security tends to decrease when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated and tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency. A Fund may attempt to minimize the risk from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies by purchasing and selling forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. Foreign securities may be less liquid than domestic securities so that a Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at desirable prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial fees and other fees also are generally higher for foreign securities. A Fund may have limited legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain debt securities issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose potentially confiscatory withholding or other taxes, which would reduce a Fund’s return on these securities. Other risks include: possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the notification of income; generally less publicly available information about companies; adverse impact of political, social or diplomatic events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets; possible imposition of currency exchange controls; and that foreign companies generally are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those mandated for domestic companies.
Risks associated with investments in foreign securities are increased with respect to investments in emerging market countries. Political and economic structures in many emerging market countries, especially those in Eastern Europe, the Pacific Basin and the Far East, are undergoing significant evolutionary changes and rapid development, and may lack the social, political and economic stability of more developed countries. Investing in emerging market securities also involves risks beyond the risks applicable to foreign investments. For example, some emerging market countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be traded internationally, and some countries with emerging securities markets have sustained long periods of very high inflation or rapid fluctuation in inflation rates which can have negative effects on a country’s economy and securities markets.
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Agreements)
Guaranteed investment contracts, or funding agreements, are debt instruments issued by insurance companies. Pursuant to such contracts, a Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of the insurance company’s general account. The insurance company then credits to a Fund payments at negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A Fund will purchase guaranteed investment contracts only from issuers that, at the time of purchase, meet certain credit and quality standards.
Investing in guaranteed investment contracts is subject to certain risks. In general, guaranteed investment contracts are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market does not exist for these investments. In addition, the issuer may not be able to pay the principal amount to a Fund on seven days notice or less, at which time the investment may be considered illiquid under applicable SEC regulatory guidance and subject to certain restrictions.
Illiquid Securities
Illiquid securities are defined by a Fund consistent with SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is an asset which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which a Fund has valued the investment on its books.
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Some securities, such as those not registered under U.S. securities laws, cannot be sold in public transactions. Subject to its investment policies, a Fund may invest in illiquid investments and may invest in certain restricted securities that are deemed to be illiquid securities.
Investments in Other Investment Companies
Investing in other investment companies may be a means by which a Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective. A Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive orders currently or in the future obtained by a Fund from the SEC.
Except with respect to funds structured as funds-of-funds or so-called master/feeder funds, the 1940 Act generally requires that a fund limit its investments in another investment company or series thereof so that, as determined at the time a securities purchase is made: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company; (ii) no more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of other investment companies; and (iii) no more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company or series thereof will be owned by a fund or by companies controlled by the fund. Such other investment companies may include exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which are shares of publicly traded unit investment trusts, open-end funds or depositary receipts that seek to track the performance of specific indexes or companies in related industries.
Investing in other investment companies is subject to certain risks. Although a Fund may derive certain advantages from being able to invest in shares of other investment companies, such as to be fully invested, there may be potential disadvantages. Investing in other investment companies may result in higher fees and expenses for a Fund and its shareholders. A shareholder may be charged fees not only on Fund shares held directly but also on the investment company shares that a Fund purchases.
In addition, investing in ETFs is subject to certain other risks. ETFs generally are subject to the same risks as the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track as well as to the risks of the specific sector or industry to which the ETF relates. ETFs also are subject to the risk that their prices may not totally correlate to the prices of the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track and the risk of possible trading halts due to market conditions or for other reasons.
Under the 1940 Act and rules and regulations thereunder, a Fund may purchase shares of other affiliated Columbia Funds, including the Money Market Funds, subject to certain conditions. Investing in affiliated funds may present certain actual or potential conflicts of interest. For more information about such actual and potential conflicts of interest, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities
Low and below investment grade securities (below investment grade securities are also known as “junk bonds”) are debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s), that are below investment grade (e.g., lower than BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s) or that are unrated but determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These types of securities may be issued to fund corporate transactions or restructurings, such as leveraged buyouts, mergers, acquisitions, debt reclassifications or similar events, are more speculative in nature than securities with higher ratings and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy. These types of securities generally are issued by unseasoned companies without long track records of sales and earnings, or by companies or municipalities that have questionable credit strength. Low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities: (i) likely will have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of one or more NRSROs, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse
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conditions; (ii) are speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation; and (iii) may have a less liquid secondary market, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities. Low and below investment grade securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities is subject to certain risks. The rates of return on these types of securities generally are higher than the rates of return available on more highly rated securities, but generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of principal and income, including the possibility of default by or insolvency of the issuers of such securities. Accordingly, a Fund may be more dependent on the Advisor’s credit analysis with respect to these types of securities than is the case for more highly rated securities.
The market values of certain low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than are the market value of more highly rated securities. In addition, issuers of low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities often are highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired.
The risk of loss due to default is greater for low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities than it is for higher rated securities because low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to more senior indebtedness. A Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its holdings of such securities. The existence of limited markets for lower-rated debt securities may diminish a Fund’s ability to: (i) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating portfolio net asset value; and (ii) sell the securities at fair market value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or in financial markets.
Many lower-rated securities are not registered for offer and sale to the public under the 1933 Act. Investments in these restricted securities may be determined to be liquid (able to be sold within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued by a Fund) pursuant to policies approved by the Fund’s Trustees. Investments in illiquid securities, including restricted securities that have not been determined to be liquid, may not exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets. A Fund is not otherwise subject to any limitation on its ability to invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities may be less liquid than other lower-rated securities, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities.
Money Market Instruments
Money market instruments are high-quality, short-term debt obligations, which include: (i) bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances; (ii) funding agreements; (iii) repurchase agreements; (iv) obligations of the United States, foreign countries and supranational entities, and each of their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities; (v) certain corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper, short-term corporate obligations and extendible commercial notes; (vi) participation interests; and (vii) municipal securities. Money market instruments may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
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Investing in money market instruments is subject to certain risks. Money market instruments (other than certain U.S. Government obligations) are not backed or insured by the U.S. Government, its agencies or its instrumentalities. Accordingly, only the creditworthiness of an issuer, or guarantees of that issuer, supports such instruments.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities are a type of asset-backed security and represent interests in, or debt instruments backed by, pools of underlying mortgages. In some cases, these underlying mortgages may be insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Mortgage-backed securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral effectively pass through to such security holders. Mortgage-backed securities are created when mortgage originators (or mortgage loan sellers who have purchased mortgage loans from mortgage loan originators) sell the underlying mortgages to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying mortgage loans, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Mortgage-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued or guaranteed by GNMA (also known as Ginnie Mae), FNMA (also known as Fannie Mae), or FHLMC (also known as Freddie Mac), but also may be issued or guaranteed by other issuers, including private companies. GNMA is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Until recently, FNMA and FHLMC were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. In mid-2008, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to increase the size of home loans that FNMA and FHLMC could purchase in certain residential areas and, until 2009, to lend FNMA and FHLMC emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock. More recently, in September 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed in conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), a newly created independent regulator. In addition to placing the companies in conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury announced three additional steps that it intended to take with respect to FNMA and FHLMC. First, the U.S. Treasury has entered into “Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements” (PSPAs) under which, if the FHFA determines that FNMA’s or FHLMC’s liabilities have exceeded its assets under generally accepted accounting principles, the U.S. Treasury will contribute cash capital to the company in an amount equal to the difference between liabilities and assets. The PSPAs are designed to provide protection to the senior and subordinated debt and the mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC. Second, the U.S. Treasury established a new secured lending credit facility that is available to FNMA and FHLMC until December 2009. Third, the U.S. Treasury initiated a temporary program to purchase FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities, which is expected to continue until December 2009. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives discussed above with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC will be successful.
CMOs are debt obligations issued by special-purpose trusts, collateralized by underlying mortgage assets. Principal prepayments on underlying mortgage assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates, resulting in a loss of all or part of the premium if any has been paid. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a periodic basis. The principal and interest
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payments on the underlying mortgage assets may be allocated among the various classes of CMOs in several ways. Typically, payments of principal, including any prepayments, on the underlying mortgage assets are applied to the classes in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal is made on CMOs of a class until all CMOs of other classes having earlier stated maturities or final distribution dates have been paid in full.
REMICs are entities that own mortgages and elect REMIC status under the Code and, like CMOs, issue debt obligations collateralized by underlying mortgage assets that have characteristics similar to those issued by CMOs.
Investing in mortgage-backed securities is subject to certain risks, including, among others, prepayment, market and credit risks. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages more quickly than expected, which may affect the security’s average maturity and rate of return. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages also may be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions, among other factors. Market risk reflects the risk that the price of a security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities can be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, which in turn may decrease their value. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of mortgage-backed securities may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or the underlying mortgage borrower has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for mortgage-backed securities that are backed by mortgages to so-called subprime borrowers (who may pose a greater risk of defaulting on their loans) or that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of a mortgage-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be. Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers, whether or not such obligations are subject to guarantees by the private issuer, may entail greater risk than mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government. The performance of mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers generally depends on the financial health of those institutions.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities include debt obligations issued by governmental entities to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses, and the extension of loans to public institutions and facilities. Municipal securities can be classified into two principal categories, including “general obligation” bonds and other securities and “revenue” bonds and other securities. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source, such as the user of the facility being financed. Municipal securities also may include “moral obligation” securities, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation securities is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund, the restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the governmental entity that created the special purpose public authority. Municipal securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
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Municipal securities may include municipal bonds, municipal notes and municipal leases. Municipal bonds are debt obligations of a governmental entity that obligate the municipality to pay the holder a specified sum of money at specified intervals and to repay the principal amount of the loan at maturity.
Municipal notes may be issued by governmental entities and other tax-exempt issuers in order to finance short-term cash needs or, occasionally, to finance construction. Most municipal notes are general obligations of the issuing entity payable from taxes or designated revenues expected to be received within the relevant fiscal period. Municipal notes generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes can be subdivided into two sub-categories: (i) municipal commercial paper and (ii) municipal demand obligations.
Municipal commercial paper typically consists of very short-term unsecured negotiable promissory notes that are sold, for example, to meet seasonal working capital or interim construction financing needs of a governmental entity or agency. While these obligations are intended to be paid from general revenues or refinanced with long-term debt, they frequently are backed by letters of credit, lending agreements, note repurchase agreements or other credit facility agreements offered by banks or institutions.
Municipal demand obligations can be subdivided into two general types: variable rate demand notes and master demand obligations. Variable rate demand notes are tax-exempt municipal obligations or participation interests that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the notes. They permit the holder to demand payment of the notes, or to demand purchase of the notes at a purchase price equal to the unpaid principal balance, plus accrued interest either directly by the issuer or by drawing on a bank letter of credit or guaranty issued with respect to such note. The issuer of the municipal obligation may have a corresponding right to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal of the note plus accrued interest upon notice comparable to that required for the holder to demand payment. The variable rate demand notes in which a Fund may invest are payable, or are subject to purchase, on demand usually on notice of seven calendar days or less. The terms of the notes generally provide that interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to six months.
Master demand obligations are tax-exempt municipal obligations that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid and permit daily changes in the amount borrowed. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel for the borrower, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes (but not necessarily for alternative minimum tax purposes). Although there is no secondary market for master demand obligations, such obligations are considered by a Fund to be liquid because they are payable upon demand.
Municipal lease obligations are participations in privately arranged loans to state or local government borrowers. In general, such loans are unrated, in which case they will be determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments that may be acquired by a Fund. Frequently, privately arranged loans have variable interest rates and may be backed by a bank letter of credit. In other cases, they may be unsecured or may be secured by assets not easily liquidated. Moreover, such loans in most cases are not backed by the taxing authority of the issuers and may have limited marketability or may be marketable only by virtue of a provision requiring repayment following demand by the lender.
Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipal issuer to which the government’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation ordinarily is backed by the government’s covenant to budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses that provide that the government has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a periodic basis. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, a Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default likely will be limited to the repossession of the leased property in the event that foreclosure proves difficult.
Tender option bonds are municipal securities having relatively long maturities and bearing interest at a fixed interest rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates that is coupled with the agreement of
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a third party, such as a bank, broker/dealer or other financial institution, to grant the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. The financial institution receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal security’s coupon rate and the rate that would cause the security to trade at face value on the date of determination.
Investing in municipal securities is subject to certain risks. There are variations in the quality of municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, and the rates of return on municipal securities can depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. The ratings of NRSROs represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities. It should be emphasized, however, that these ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and municipal securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different rates of return while municipal securities of the same maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same rate of return.
The payment of principal and interest on most municipal securities purchased by a Fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuer’s obligations under its municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the United States Bankruptcy Code. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on and principal of its municipal securities may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
There are particular considerations and risks relevant to investing in a portfolio of a single state’s municipal securities, such as the greater risk of the concentration of portfolio holdings.
Each Fund ordinarily purchases municipal securities whose interest, in the opinion of bond counsel, is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The opinion of bond counsel may assert that such interest is not an item of tax preference for the purposes of the alternative minimum tax or is exempt from certain state or local taxes. There is no assurance that the applicable taxing authorities will agree with this opinion. In the event, for example, that the IRS determines that an issuer does not comply with the relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued. As a shareholder of the Fund, you may be required to file an amended tax return as a result, reporting such income as taxable.
For more information about the economic conditions, legal matters and key risks associated with investments in certain states, see Appendix C.
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities
Private placement securities are securities that have been privately placed and are not registered under the 1933 Act. They are eligible for sale only to certain eligible investors. Private placements often may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market. Private placement and other “restricted” securities often cannot be sold to the public without registration under the 1933 Act or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or they are “not readily marketable” because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale. Asset-backed securities, common stock, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, preferred stock and other types of equity and debt instruments may be privately placed or restricted securities.
Private placements typically may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers (or, in the case of the initial sale of certain securities, such as those issued in collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations,
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to accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501(a) under the 1933 Act), or in a privately negotiated transaction or to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration.
Investing in private placement and other restricted securities is subject to certain risks. Private placements may be considered illiquid securities. Private placements typically are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such securities, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, a Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when it may be advisable to do so or it may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times, it also may be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing a Fund’s net asset value due to the absence of a trading market.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund acquires a security for a relatively short period of time subject to the obligation of a seller to repurchase and a Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing a Fund’s cost plus interest). Repurchase agreements also may be viewed as loans made by a Fund that are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. A Fund typically will enter into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks, registered broker/dealers and the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. Such transactions are monitored to ensure that the value of the underlying securities will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including any accrued interest.
Repurchase agreements generally are subject to counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, a Fund could realize a loss on the sale of the underlying security to the extent that the proceeds of the sale are less than the resale price provided in the repurchase agreement including interest. In the event that a counterparty fails to perform because it is insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, a Fund’s right to take possession of the underlying securities would be subject to applicable insolvency law and procedure, including an automatic stay (which would preclude immediate enforcement of a Fund’s rights) and exemptions thereto (which would permit a Fund to take possession of the underlying securities or to void a repurchase agreement altogether). Since it is possible that an exemption from the automatic stay would not be available, a Fund might be prevented from immediately enforcing its rights against the counterparty. Accordingly, if a counterparty becomes insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, a Fund may incur delays in or be prevented from liquidating the underlying securities and could experience losses, including the possible decline in value of the underlying securities during the period in which a Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, possible subnormal levels of income or lack of access to income during such time, as well as the costs incurred in enforcing a Fund’s rights. For example, if a Fund enters into a repurchase agreement with a broker that becomes insolvent, it is possible for the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) to institute a liquidation proceeding in federal court against the broker counterparty which could lead to a foreclosure by SIPC of the underlying securities or SIPC may stay, or preclude, a Fund’s ability under contract to terminate the repurchase agreement.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements under which a Fund sells a security subject to the obligation of a buyer to resell and a Fund to repurchase such security at a fixed time and price. Reverse repurchase agreements also may be viewed as borrowings made by a Fund.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities a Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to
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enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements are techniques involving leverage, and are subject to asset coverage requirements. Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, a Fund is required to maintain an asset coverage (including the proceeds of the borrowings) of at least 300% of all borrowings.
Standby Commitments
Standby commitments are securities under which a purchaser, usually a bank or broker/dealer, agrees to purchase, for a fee, an amount of a Fund’s municipal obligations. The amount payable by a bank or broker/dealer to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment typically will be substantially the same as the value of the underlying municipal securities. A Fund may pay for standby commitments either separately in cash or by paying a higher price for portfolio securities that are acquired subject to such a commitment.
Using standby commitments is subject to certain risks. Standby commitments are subject to the risk that a counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment.
Stripped Securities
Stripped securities are securities that evidence ownership in either the future interest or principal payments on an instrument. There are many different types and variations of stripped securities. For example, Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPs) can be component parts of a U.S. Treasury security where the principal and interest components are traded independently through DTC, a clearing agency registered pursuant to Section 17A of the 1934 Act and created to hold securities for its participants, and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic computerized book-entries, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Treasury Investor Growth Receipts (TIGERs) are Treasury securities stripped by brokers. Stripped mortgage-backed securities, or SMBS, also can be issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Stripped securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed assets. Common types of SMBS will be structured so that one class receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage-backed assets, while another class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal.
Investing in stripped securities is subject to certain risks. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail fully to recoup its initial investment in such securities. The market value of the class consisting primarily or entirely of principal payments can be especially volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The rates of return on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest are generally higher than prevailing market rates of return on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns also are volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be recouped fully.
U.S. Government and Related Obligations
U.S. Government obligations include U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government or by various instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. Government. U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government differ in their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance, as well as with respect to whether they are guaranteed by the U.S. Government. U.S. Government and related obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
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U.S. Government obligations also include senior unsecured debt securities issued between October 14, 2008 and June 30, 2009 by eligible issuers (including U.S. depository institutions insured by the FDIC and certain affiliates), U.S. bank holding companies and certain U.S. savings and loan holding companies) that are guaranteed by the FDIC under its Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (the TLGP). The FDIC’s guarantee under the TLGP will expire upon the earlier of (i) maturity of such security or (ii) June 30, 2012. It is the view of the FDIC and the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that any debt security that is guaranteed by the FDIC under the TLGP and that has a maturity that ends on or before June 30, 2012 would be a security exempt from registration under Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 because such security would be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the FDIC.
Investing in securities guaranteed under the TLGP is subject to certain risks. Given that there is no track record for securities guaranteed under the TLGP, it is uncertain how such securities will trade in relation to treasury and government agency securities in terms of yield spread and the volatility of such spread and it is uncertain how such securities will trade in the secondary market and whether that market will be liquid or illiquid. The TLGP is a new program that is subject to change. In order to collect from the FDIC under the TLGP, a claims process must be followed. Failure to follow the claims process could result in a loss to the right to payment under the guarantee. In addition, guarantee payments by the FDIC under the TLGP may be delayed.
Investing in U.S. Government and related obligations is subject to certain risks. While U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government, securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality and, as a result, may be subject to greater credit risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises historically have involved limited risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, no assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations
Variable- and floating-rate obligations provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate and, under certain circumstances, varying principal amounts. Unlike a fixed interest rate, a variable, or floating, rate is one that rises and declines based on the movement of an underlying index of interest rates and may pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula. Asset-backed securities, bank obligations, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, mortgage- backed securities, money market instruments, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as variable- and floating-rate obligations.
Investing in variable- and floating-rate obligations is subject to certain risks. Variable- and floating-rate obligations may involve direct lending arrangements between the purchaser and the issuer and there may be no active secondary market, making it difficult to resell such obligations to a third party. Variable- and floating-rate obligations also may be subject to interest rate and credit risks. Changes in interest rates can affect the rate of return on such obligations. If an issuer of a variable- or floating-rate obligation defaults, a Fund could sustain a loss to the extent of such default.
Warrants and Rights
Warrants and rights are types of securities that give a holder a right to purchase shares of common stock. Warrants usually are issued together with a bond or preferred stock and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price typically for a period of years. Rights usually have a specified purchase price that is lower than the current market price and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock typically for a period of only weeks. Warrants may be used to enhance the marketability of a bond or preferred stock.
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Warrants and rights may be subject to the risk that the securities could lose value. There also is the risk that the potential exercise price may exceed the market price of the warrants or rights, such as when there is no movement in the market price or the market price of such securities declines.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by a Fund, with payment and delivery taking place in the future. When engaging in when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, a Fund typically will hold cash or liquid securities in a segregated account in an amount equal to or greater than the purchase price. The payment obligation and, if applicable, the interest rate that will be received on the securities, are fixed at the time that a Fund agrees to purchase the securities. A Fund generally will enter into when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions only with the intention of completing such transactions. However, the Advisor may determine not to complete a transaction if it deems it appropriate. In such cases, a Fund may realize short-term gains or losses.
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the risks that the securities purchased may fall in value by the time they actually are issued or that the other party may fail to honor the contract terms. A Fund that invests in delayed delivery securities may rely on a third party to complete the transaction. Failure by a third party to deliver a security purchased on a delayed delivery basis may result in a financial loss to a Fund or the loss of an opportunity to make an alternative investment.
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities
Zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities are types of debt instruments that do not necessarily make payments of interest in fixed amounts or at fixed intervals. Asset-backed securities, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities.
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest on a current basis but instead accrue interest over the life of the security. These securities include, among others, zero-coupon bonds, which either may be issued at a discount by a corporation or government entity or may be created by a brokerage firm when it strips the coupons from a bond or note and then sells the bond or note and the coupon separately. This technique is used frequently with U.S. Treasury bonds, and zero-coupon securities are marketed under such names as CATS (Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities), TIGERs or STRIPS. Zero-coupon bonds also are issued by municipalities. Buying a municipal zero-coupon bond frees its purchaser of the obligation to pay regular federal income tax on imputed interest, since the interest is exempt for regular federal income tax purposes. Zero-coupon certificates of deposit and zero-coupon mortgages are generally structured in the same fashion as zero-coupon bonds; the certificate of deposit holder or mortgage holder receives face value at maturity and no payments until then.
Pay-in-kind securities normally give the issuer an option to pay cash at a coupon payment date or to give the holder of the security a similar security with the same coupon rate and a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made.
Step-coupon securities trade at a discount from their face value and pay coupon interest. The coupon rate is paid according to a schedule for a series of periods, typically lower for an initial period and then increasing to a higher coupon rate thereafter. The discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issue.
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Zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities holders generally have substantially all the rights and privileges of holders of the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations. Holders of these securities have the right upon default on the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations to proceed directly and individually against the issuer and are not required to act in concert with other holders of such securities.
Investing in zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities is subject to certain risks, including that market prices of zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities generally are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash, and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities.
Because zero-coupon securities bear no interest, they are volatile. Since zero-coupon bondholders do not receive interest payments, zero-coupon securities fall more dramatically than bonds paying interest on a current basis when interest rates rise. However, when interest rates fall, zero-coupon securities rise more rapidly in value than interest paying bonds.
Each Fund has a fundamental policy with respect to borrowing that can be found under the heading About the Funds’ Investments — Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies. Specifically, each Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Funds. In general, pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund may borrow money only from banks in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed this amount must be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation.
The Funds participate in a committed line of credit (Line of Credit). Any advance under the Line of Credit is contemplated primarily for temporary or emergency purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests that otherwise might require the untimely sale of portfolio securities.
Pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC, the Funds may, subject to certain conditions, borrow money from other funds in the Columbia Funds Family for temporary emergency purposes in order to facilitate redemption requests, or for other purposes consistent with Fund investment policies and restrictions. All loans are set at an interest rate between the rates charged on overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans.
A Fund may sometimes sell securities short when it owns an equal amount of such securities as those securities sold short. This is a technique known as selling short “against the box.” If a Fund makes a short sale “against the box,” it would not immediately deliver the securities sold and would not receive the proceeds from the sale. The seller is said to have a short position in the securities sold until it delivers the securities sold, at which time it receives the proceeds of the sale. To secure its obligation to deliver securities sold short, a Fund will deposit in escrow in a separate account with the custodian an equal amount of the securities sold short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such securities. A Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and delivering an equal amount of the securities sold short, rather than by delivering securities already held by a Fund, because a Fund might want to continue to receive interest and dividend payments on securities in its portfolio that are convertible into the securities sold short.
Short sales “against the box” entail many of the same risks and considerations described above regarding short sales not “against the box.” However, when a Fund sells short “against the box” it typically limits the amount of securities that it has leveraged. A Fund’s decision to make a short sale “against the box” may be a
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technique to hedge against market risks when the Advisor believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by a Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In such case, any future losses in a Fund’s long position would be reduced by a gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in the long position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short relative to the amount of the securities a Fund owns, either directly or indirectly, and, in the case where a Fund owns convertible securities, changes in the investment values or conversion premiums of such securities. Short sales may have adverse tax consequences to a Fund and its shareholders.
Subject to its fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies, a Fund may engage in short sales that are not “against the box,” which are sales by a Fund of securities or commodity futures contracts that it does not own in hopes of purchasing the same security at a later date at a lower price. The technique is also used to protect a profit in a long-term position in a security or commodity futures contract. To make delivery to the buyer, a Fund must borrow or purchase the security. If borrowed, a Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed from the third party, so a Fund must purchase the security at the market price at a later time. If the price of the security has increased during this time, then a Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price of the security from the time of the short sale plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. (Until the security is replaced, a Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, a Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.)
Short sales by a Fund that are not made “against the box” create opportunities to increase a Fund’s return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique. Because a Fund in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, a Fund’s NAV per share tends to increase more when the securities it has sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has sold short increase in value, than if it had not engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or interest a Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale. Short sales could potentially involve unlimited loss, as the market price of securities sold short may continually increase, although a Fund can mitigate any such losses by replacing the securities sold short. Under adverse market conditions, a Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. There is also the risk that the third party to the short sale may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to a Fund.
A Fund’s successful use of short sales also will be subject to the ability of the Advisor to predict movements in the directions of the relevant market. A Fund therefore bears the risk that the Advisor will incorrectly predict future price directions. In addition, if a Fund sells a security short, and that security’s price goes up, a Fund will have to make up the margin on its open position (i.e., purchase more securities on the market to cover the position). It may be unable to do so and thus its position may not be closed out. There can be no assurance that a Fund will not incur significant losses in such a case.
In the view of the SEC, a short sale involves the creation of a “senior security” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, unless the sale is “against the box” and the securities sold short are placed in a segregated account (not with the broker), or unless a Fund’s obligation to deliver the securities sold short is “covered” by placing in a segregated account (not with the broker) cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities in an amount equal to the difference between the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale and any such collateral required to be deposited with a broker in connection with the sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale), which difference is adjusted daily for changes in the value of the securities sold short. The total value of the cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities deposited with the broker and otherwise segregated may not at any time be less than the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale.
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Securities lending refers to the lending of a Fund’s portfolio securities. Subject to its investment policies described above and in the prospectuses, a Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities to broker/ dealers and other institutional investors. Securities loans by a Fund are made pursuant to agreements that require that loans be secured continuously by collateral in cash. A Fund retains all or a portion of the income received on investment of cash collateral. A borrower will pay to a Fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on securities loaned, but the borrower typically will receive a portion of the income earned on investments of cash collateral. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with respect to loaned securities pass to a borrower, a Fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice, and may do so in order to vote upon matters affecting, or to sell, the loaned securities.
A Fund typically invests the cash collateral it receives in connection with its securities lending program directly or indirectly in high quality, short-term investments. A Fund may invest some or all of the cash collateral in one or more pooled investment vehicles, including, among other vehicles, money market funds managed by a Fund’s securities lending agent or its affiliates. The securities lending agent shares in any income resulting from the investment of cash collateral, and an affiliate of the securities lending agent receives asset-based fees for the management of such pooled investment vehicles, which may create a conflict of interest between the securities lending agent (or its affiliate) and a Fund with respect to the management of such cash collateral.
Engaging in securities lending is subject to certain risks, including counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty to a transaction could default. There also is a risk of possible delay in the recovery of loaned securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral if a borrower fails financially.
A change in the securities held by a Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” High portfolio turnover (e.g., over 100%) involves correspondingly greater expenses to a Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales may also result in adverse tax consequences to a Fund’s shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance.
For each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate, see the Financial Highlights section in the prospectuses for that Fund.
Disclosure of Portfolio Information
The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that disclosure of information regarding the Columbia Funds’ portfolio securities is in the best interests of Columbia Fund shareholders and to address conflicts between the interests of Columbia Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Columbia Fund, on the other. These policies and procedures provide that Columbia Funds portfolio holdings information generally may not be disclosed to any party prior to the earlier of: (i) the business day next following the posting of such information on the Columbia Funds’ website, if applicable, or (ii) the time a Columbia Fund discloses the information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information. Certain limited exceptions that have been approved consistent with the policies and procedures are described below. The Board is updated as needed regarding compliance with these policies and procedures. The policies and procedures prohibit the Advisor and the Columbia Funds’ other service providers from entering into any agreement to disclose Columbia Fund portfolio holdings information in exchange for any form of consideration. These policies and procedures apply to all categories of Columbia Funds and include some variations tailored to the different categories of Columbia Funds. Accordingly, some of the provisions described below do not apply to the Columbia Fund(s) covered by this SAI. The Advisor also has adopted policies and procedures to monitor for compliance with these portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
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Public Disclosures
The Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings are currently disclosed to the public through required filings with the SEC and on the Columbia Funds’ website. This information is available on the Columbia Funds’ website as described below.
• | For equity, convertible, balanced and asset allocation funds, other than small-cap and specialty Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month-end is posted approximately 15 calendar days after such month-end. |
• | For small-cap and specialty Columbia Funds and those Columbia Funds that are sub-advised by Marsico and Brandes, sub-advisors for certain Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month- end is posted approximately 30 calendar days after such month-end. |
• | For fixed income funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a fiscal quarter-end is posted approximately 60 calendar days after such quarter-end. |
• | For Columbia Money Market Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month-end is posted approximately 5 business days after such month-end. |
Certain Columbia Funds also disclose their largest holdings, as a percent of the market values of the Columbia Funds’ portfolios, as of a month-end on their website, generally within 15 calendar days after such month-end. In general, the equity Columbia Funds post their largest 10-15 holdings, the balanced Columbia Funds post their largest 5 equity holdings, and certain fixed income Columbia Funds post their largest 5-15 holdings (by security or issuer).
The Advisor may also disclose more current portfolio holdings information as of specified dates on the Columbia Funds’ website.
The scope of the information that is made available on the Columbia Funds’ website pursuant to the Columbia Funds, policies relating to a Columbia Fund’s portfolio may change from time to time without prior notice.
The Columbia Funds file their portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semi-annual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of each Columbia Fund’s fiscal year). Shareholders may obtain each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, a link to which is provided on the Columbia Funds’ website. In addition, each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 800.SEC.0330 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the public reference room.
The Columbia Funds, the Advisor and their affiliates may include portfolio holdings information that already has been made public through a website posting or SEC filing in marketing literature and other communications to shareholders, advisors or other parties, provided that the information is disclosed no earlier than the business day after the date the information is disclosed publicly on the Columbia Funds’ website or no earlier than the time a Columbia Fund files such information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information.
Other Disclosures
The Columbia Funds’ policies and procedures provide that no disclosures of the Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings may be made prior to the portfolio holdings information being made public unless (i) the Columbia Funds have a legitimate business purpose for making such disclosure, (ii) the Columbia Funds’ President authorizes such non-public disclosure of information, and (iii) the party receiving the non-public information enters into an appropriate confidentiality agreement or is otherwise subject to a confidentiality obligation.
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In determining the existence of a legitimate business purpose for making portfolio disclosures, the following factors, among others, are considered: (i) any prior disclosure must be consistent with the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties of the Advisor; (ii) any conflicts of interest between the interests of Columbia Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Columbia Fund, on the other; and (iii) any prior disclosure to a third party, although subject to a confidentiality agreement, would not make conduct lawful that otherwise is unlawful.
In addition, the Columbia Funds periodically disclose their portfolio information on a confidential basis to various service providers that require such information to assist the Columbia Funds with their day-to-day business affairs. In addition to the Advisor and its affiliates, these service providers include each Columbia Fund’s sub-advisor(s) (if any), the Columbia Funds’ custodian, sub-custodians, independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel, financial printers, proxy solicitor and proxy voting service provider, as well as ratings agencies that maintain ratings on certain Columbia Funds. These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the Columbia Funds. The Columbia Funds also may disclose portfolio holdings information to broker/dealers and certain other entities in connection with potential transactions and management of the Columbia Funds, provided that reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
The Columbia Funds currently have ongoing arrangements with certain approved recipients with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings information prior to such information being made public. Portfolio holdings information disclosed to such recipients is current as of the time of its disclosure, is disclosed to each recipient solely for purposes consistent with the services described below and has been authorized by the Columbia Funds’ President. These special arrangements are described in the table below.
Ongoing Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Arrangements
IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INFORMATION | FREQUENCY OF | |||
Standard & Poor’s | None | Use to maintain ratings for certain Money Market Funds. | Weekly | |||
InvestorTools, Inc. | None | Access granted solely for the purpose of testing back office conversion of trading systems. | Real time | |||
ING Insurance Company | None | Access granted for specific Columbia Funds for ING’s creation of client/shareholder materials. ING may not distribute materials until the holdings information is made public. | Quarterly | |||
Glass-Lewis & Co. | None | Access in connection with testing the firm’s proxy services. | Daily |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INFORMATION | FREQUENCY OF | |||
CMS Bondedge | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with application used by the Advisor’s Fixed Income Portfolio Management team as an analytical and trading tool. | Ad hoc | |||
Linedata Services, Inc. | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with the software for the LongView Trade Order Management System. | Ad hoc | |||
JP Morgan | None | Access to provide the Advisor’s High Yield portfolio management team with peer group analysis reports for purposes of analyzing the portfolio. | Monthly | |||
Malaspina Communications | None | Use to facilitate writing, publishing and mailing Columbia Fund shareholder reports and communications including shareholder letters and management’s discussion of Columbia Fund performance. | Quarterly | |||
Evare LLP | None | Use for standardizing and reformatting data according to the Advisor’s specifications for use in the reconciliation process. | Daily | |||
Factset Research Data Systems, Inc. | None | Use for provision of quantitative analytics, charting and fundamental data to the Advisor, and Marsico, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
RR Donnelley/WE Andrews | None | Access as printers for the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs, fact sheets and brochures. | Monthly | |||
Merrill Corporation | None | Use to provide fulfillment of the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs and sales materials. | Monthly |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INFORMATION | FREQUENCY OF | |||
Citigroup | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with Yield Book, an analytic software program that the Advisor uses to perform ongoing risk analysis and management of certain fixed income Columbia Funds and fixed income separately managed accounts. | Daily | |||
Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) | None | Proxy voting administration and research on proxy matters utilized by MacKay Shields LLC, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
Cogent Consulting LLC | None | Utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor for certain Columbia Funds, to facilitate the evaluation of commission rates and to provide flexible commission reporting. | Daily | |||
Moody’s | None | Ongoing portfolio surveillance for ratings it maintains on the Money Market Funds. | Monthly | |||
Kynex | None | Use to provide portfolio attribution reports. | Daily | |||
Bowne & Co. | None | Use for printing of the following materials: prospectuses, supplements and SAIs. | Monthly/ quarterly | |||
Bloomberg | None | Use for portfolio analytics. | Daily | |||
Barclays Point | None | Use for analytics including risk and attribution assessment. | Daily | |||
Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. | None | Proxy voting and research utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Macgregor) | None | Order management system utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor for certain Columbia Funds that stores trading data and is used for trading and compliance purposes. | Ad hoc | |||
Advent/AXP | None | Portfolio accounting system utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds, for both portfolio accounting and internal recordkeeping purposes. | Ad hoc |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INFORMATION | FREQUENCY OF | |||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Plexus Group) | None | Evaluation and assessment of trading activity, execution and practices by the Advisor. | Five days after quarter-end | |||
BANA and State Street | None | Credit analysis performed by lenders. | Ad hoc | |||
State Street | None | Use to provide custodian services. | Real time | |||
Lipper | None | Use to create metrics for board and executive management reporting, product and marketing analysis, and fund performance. | Daily | |||
Morningstar, Inc. | None | Use for independent research and ranking of Columbia Funds. | Daily |
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INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
The Advisor and Investment Advisory Services
The Advisor (which is also the Administrator) has been a registered investment advisor since 1995. The Advisor is a wholly owned subsidiary of Columbia Management Group, LLC, which is the primary investment division of Bank of America. The Advisor and Columbia Management Group, LLC are located at 100 Federal Street, Boston MA 02110.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreements, the Advisor is responsible for the overall management and supervision of the investment management of each Fund. The Advisor performs its duties subject at all times to the control of the Board and in conformity with the stated policies of each Fund. In rendering investment advisory services, the Advisor may use the portfolio management and research resources of Columbia Management Pte. Ltd., an affiliate of the Advisor. Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. is not registered with the SEC as an investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Advisor pursuant to which Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. is considered a “participating affiliate” of the Advisor as that term is used in relief granted by the staff of the SEC allowing U.S. registered investment advisors to use portfolio management or research resources of advisory affiliates subject to the supervision of a registered investment advisor. Investment professionals from Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. may render portfolio management or research services to clients of the Advisor, including the Funds, under the MOU, and are subject to supervision by the Advisor.
The Investment Advisory Agreements generally provide that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the Advisor’s obligations or duties thereunder, the Advisor or any of its respective officers, directors, employees or agents, shall not be subject to liability to any shareholder of the Trust or to the Funds for any act or omission in the course of rendering services thereunder.
Each Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement became effective with respect to such Fund after approval by the Board, and after an initial two year period, continues from year to year, provided that such continuation of each Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Board, including its Independent Trustees. Each Investment Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to a Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) on at least 60 days’ notice or by the Advisor on at least 60 days’ written notice.
The Advisor pays all salaries of officers of the Trust, except for the Chief Compliance Officer, a portion of whose salary is paid by the Columbia Funds. The Trust pays all expenses not assumed by the Advisor including, but not limited to, auditing, legal, custodial, shareholder servicing and shareholder reporting expenses. The Trust pays the cost of printing and mailing Fund prospectuses to shareholders. The Distributor pays the cost of printing and distributing all other prospectuses.
Advisory Fee Rates and Fees Paid
The Funds pay the Advisor an annual fee for its investment advisory services, as set forth in each Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Fees and Expenses of the Fund — Annual Fund Operating Expenses in each Fund’s prospectuses. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund and is paid monthly. The Advisor also may pay amounts from its own assets to the Distributor and/or to selling and/or servicing agents for services they provide.
The Advisor received fees from the Funds for its services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the advisory fees paid to the Advisor and the fees waived/reimbursed by the Advisor, where applicable, for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
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Advisory Fees Paid by the Funds
Fund | Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year | |||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 10,049,028 | $ | 10,098,828 | $ | 9,871,650 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 201,056 | $ | 438,887 | $ | 393,123 | ||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,091,965 | $ | 906,107 | $ | 830,218 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 353,794 | $ | 391,465 | $ | 0 | ||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,610,500 | $ | 1,570,491 | $ | 1,479,139 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 407,124 | $ | 550,364 | $ | 0 | ||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 350,495 | $ | 321,252 | $ | 305,100 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 239,649 | $ | 287,592 | $ | 0 | ||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 1,447,859 | $ | 1,098,000 | $ | 699,457 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 389,875 | $ | 409,913 | $ | 0 | ||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 525,720 | $ | 563,862 | $ | 562,225 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 254,908 | $ | 318,052 | $ | 0 | ||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 2,020,284 | $ | 2,181,403 | $ | 2,224,876 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 73,450 | $ | 29,313 | $ | 128,219 | ||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 462,542 | $ | 524,477 | $ | 588,869 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 157,165 | $ | 160,592 | $ | 158,586 | ||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 658,411 | $ | 722,531 | $ | 814,125 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 120,205 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 334,848 | $ | 359,613 | $ | 415,966 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 169,148 | $ | 169,561 | $ | 178,262 |
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Portfolio Manager(s)
The following provides additional information about the portfolio manager(s) of the Advisor who are responsible for making the day-to-day investment decisions for the Funds. As described in the Management of the Fund — Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectuses, the portfolio manager(s) of the Advisor who are responsible for the Funds are:
Portfolio Manager(s) of the Advisor
Portfolio Manager | Fund | |
Brian McGreevy | CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | |
Kimberly Campbell | CA Tax-Exempt Fund CT Tax-Exempt Fund MA Tax-Exempt Fund NY Tax-Exempt Fund |
Compensation
As of the Funds’ most recent fiscal year end, the Advisor’s portfolio managers received all of their compensation from the Advisor and its parent company, Columbia Management Group, LLC, in the form of salary, bonus, stock options, restricted stock, and notional investments through an incentive plan, the value of which is measured by reference to the performance of the Columbia Funds in which the account is invested. A portfolio manager’s bonus is variable and generally is based on (1) an evaluation of the portfolio manager’s investment performance and (2) the results of a peer and/or management review of the portfolio manager, which takes into account skills and attributes such as team participation, investment process, communication and professionalism. In evaluating investment performance, the Advisor generally considers the one, three and five year performance of mutual funds and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager relative to the benchmarks and peer groups noted below, emphasizing the portfolio manager’s three and five year performance. The Advisor also may consider a portfolio manager’s performance in managing client assets in sectors and industries assigned to the portfolio manager as part of his/her investment team responsibilities, where applicable. For portfolio managers who also have group management responsibilities, another factor in their evaluation is an assessment of the group’s overall investment performance.
Performance Benchmarks
Portfolio Manager | Benchmark(s) | Peer Group(s) | ||
Brian McGreevy | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index (CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund) | Lipper Other States Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification (CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund) |
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Portfolio Manager | Benchmark(s) | Peer Group(s) | ||
Lipper Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||||
(MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund) | ||||
Brian McGreevy | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index and Barclays Capital New York 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index (NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund) | Lipper New York Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification (NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund) | ||
Brian McGreevy | Barclays Capital 3-15 Year Blend Municipal Bond Index (Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund) | Lipper Intermediate Municipal Debt Funds Classification (Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund) | ||
Kimberly Campbell | Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index (CA Tax-Exempt Fund, CT Tax-Exempt Fund, MA Tax-Exempt Fund and NY Tax-Exempt Fund) | Lipper California Municipal Debt Funds Classification (CA Tax-Exempt Fund) Lipper Connecticut Municipal Debt Funds Classification | ||
and | (CT Tax-Exempt Fund) | |||
Barclays Capital California Municipal Bond Index (CA Tax-Exempt Fund) | Lipper Massachusetts Municipal Debt Funds Classification (MA Tax-Exempt Fund) | |||
Barclays Capital New York Municipal Bond Index (NY Tax-Exempt Fund) | Lipper New York Municipal Debt Funds Classification (NY Tax-Exempt Fund) | |||
The size of the overall bonus pool each year is determined by Columbia Management Group, LLC and depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry (based on market compensation data) and the Advisor’s profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.
Other Accounts
The following table shows the number and assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the portfolio manager(s) of the Advisor managed, as of October 31, 2009.
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager(s)
Portfolio Manager | Other SEC-registered open- end and closed-end funds | Other pooled investment vehicles | Other accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | |||||||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(a) | 6 | $ | 1.55 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 8 | $ | 1.06 billion | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(b) | 6 | $ | 3.82 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 8 | $ | 1.06 billion | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(c) | 6 | $ | 3.72 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 8 | $ | 1.06 billion | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(d) | 6 | $ | 3.99 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 8 | $ | 1.06 billion | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(e) | 6 | $ | 3.74 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 8 | $ | 1.06 billion | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(f) | 6 | $ | 3.96 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 8 | $ | 1.06 billion |
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Portfolio Manager | Other SEC-registered open- end and closed-end funds | Other pooled investment vehicles | Other accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | |||||||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(g) | 6 | $ | 2.99 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 18 | $ | 870,000 | |||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(h) | 6 | $ | 3.30 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 18 | $ | 870,000 | |||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(i) | 6 | $ | 3.27 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 18 | $ | 870,000 | |||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(j) | 6 | $ | 3.33 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | 18 | $ | 870,000 |
(a) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(b) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(c) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(d) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(e) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(f) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(g) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than CA Tax-Exempt Fund. |
(h) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than CT Tax-Exempt Fund. |
(i) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than MA Tax-Exempt Fund. |
(j) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than NY Tax-Exempt Fund. |
The following table shows the number and assets of the above accounts (or portions of such accounts) for which the advisory fee is based on performance, as of October 31, 2009.
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager(s) for which the Advisory Fee is Based on Performance
Portfolio Manager | Other SEC-registered open- end and closed-end funds | Other pooled investment vehicles | Other accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | |||||||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(a) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(b) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(c) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(d) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(e) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Brian McGreevy(f) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(g) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(h) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(i) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Kimberly Campbell(j) | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 |
(a) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(b) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(c) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(d) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
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(e) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(f) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. |
(g) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than CA Tax-Exempt Fund. |
(h) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than CT Tax-Exempt Fund. |
(i) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than MA Tax-Exempt Fund. |
(j) | “Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds” represents funds other than NY Tax-Exempt Fund. |
Ownership of Securities
The table below shows the dollar ranges of shares of each Fund beneficially owned (as determined pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act) by each Fund’s portfolio manager(s), as of October 31, 2009.
Portfolio Manager Ownership of the Funds as of October 31, 2009
Portfolio Manager | Fund | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | ||
Brian McGreevy | CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | ||
Brian McGreevy | NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | ||
Brian McGreevy | NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | ||
Brian McGreevy | RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | ||
Brian McGreevy | Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | ||
Brian McGreevy | MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $100,001-$500,000(a) | ||
Kimberly Campbell | CA Tax-Exempt Fund | None | ||
Kimberly Campbell | CT Tax-Exempt Fund | None | ||
Kimberly Campbell | MA Tax-Exempt Fund | None | ||
Kimberly Campbell | NY Tax-Exempt Fund | None |
(a) | Excludes any notional investments. |
The Advisor’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests
Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, a Fund’s portfolio manager(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the Fund and other accounts at the same time. The Advisor and the Funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of the potential conflicts that portfolio managers face in this regard. Certain of these conflicts of interest are summarized below.
The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (performance fee accounts), may raise potential conflicts of interest for a portfolio manager by creating an incentive to favor higher fee accounts.
Potential conflicts of interest also may arise when a portfolio manager has personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to the Advisor’s Code of Ethics and certain limited exceptions, the Advisor’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the Funds.
A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts managed by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.
A portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the broker/dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the Funds. A portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of broker/dealers could produce disproportionate costs and benefits among the Funds and the other accounts the portfolio manager manages.
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A potential conflict of interest may arise when a portfolio manager buys or sells the same securities for a Fund and other accounts. On occasions when a portfolio manager considers the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of a Fund as well as other accounts, the Advisor’s trading desk may, to the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or bought in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to a Fund or another account if a portfolio manager favors one account over another in allocating the securities bought or sold.
“Cross trades,” in which a portfolio manager sells a particular security held by a Fund to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), could involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, a portfolio manager is permitted to sell a security from one account to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. The Advisor and the Funds have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between a Fund and another account managed by the Advisor are to be made at a current market price, consistent with applicable laws and regulations.
Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of a Fund and other accounts managed by its portfolio manager(s). Depending on another account’s objectives and other factors, a portfolio manager may give advice to and make decisions for a Fund that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to another account. A portfolio manager’s investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a portfolio manager may buy or sell a particular security for certain accounts, and not for a Fund, even though it could have been bought or sold for the Fund at the same time. A portfolio manager also may buy a particular security for one or more accounts when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when a portfolio manager’s purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts, including the Funds.
A Fund’s portfolio manager(s) also may have other potential conflicts of interest in managing the Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could exist in managing the Fund and other accounts. Many of the potential conflicts of interest to which the Advisor’s portfolio managers are subject are essentially the same or similar to the potential conflicts of interest related to the investment management activities of the Advisor and its affiliates. See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about conflicts of interest, including those that relate to the Advisor and its affiliates.
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (which is also the Advisor) serves as Administrator of the Funds.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of the Administration Agreement, the Administrator has agreed to, among other things, (i) provide office space, equipment and clerical personnel; (ii) arrange, if desired by the Trust, for its directors, officers and employees to serve as Trustees, officers or agents of each Fund; (iii) prepare and, if applicable, file all documents required for compliance by each Fund with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) prepare agendas and supporting documents for and minutes of meetings of Trustees, committees of Trustees and shareholders; (v) coordinate and oversee the activities of each Fund’s other third party service providers; and (vi) maintain certain books and records of each Fund.
Administration Fee Rates and Fees Paid
The Administrator receives fees as compensation for its services, which are computed daily and paid monthly, as set forth in the Administration Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Fees and Expenses of the Fund — Annual Fund Operating Expenses in each Fund’s prospectuses.
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The following chart shows the administration fees paid to the Administrator for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
Administration Fees Paid by the Funds
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007 | |||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | $ | 1,638,608 | $ | 1,647,626 | $ | 1,606,488 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | $ | 152,420 | $ | 126,477 | $ | 115,885 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | $ | 224,799 | $ | 219,214 | $ | 206,463 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | $ | 48,923 | $ | 44,841 | $ | 42,587 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | $ | 202,097 | $ | 153,263 | $ | 97,632 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | $ | 73,382 | $ | 78,706 | $ | 78,477 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Administrative Fee Paid | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Pricing and Bookkeeping Services
State Street Bank and Trust Company is responsible for providing certain pricing and bookkeeping services to the Funds. Columbia Management Advisors, LLC is responsible for overseeing the performance of these services and for certain other services.
Services Provided
Effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into a Financial Reporting Services Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company and Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (the Financial Reporting Services Agreement) pursuant to which State Street Bank and Trust Company provides financial reporting services to the Funds. Also effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into an Accounting Services Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company and Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (collectively with the Financial Reporting Services Agreement, the State Street Agreements) pursuant to which State Street Bank and Trust
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Company provides accounting services to the Funds. Under the State Street Agreements, each Fund pays State Street Bank and Trust Company an annual fee of $38,000 paid monthly plus a monthly fee based on an annualized percentage rate of average daily net assets of the Fund for the month. The aggregate fee for a Fund during any year shall not exceed $140,000 annually (exclusive of out-of-pocket expenses and charges). The Funds also reimburse State Street Bank and Trust Company for certain out-of-pocket expenses and charges.
Effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into a Pricing and Bookkeeping Oversight and Services Agreement (the Services Agreement) with Columbia Management Advisors, LLC. Under the Services Agreement, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC provides services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and provides oversight of the accounting and financial reporting services provided by State Street Bank and Trust Company. Under the Services Agreement, each Fund reimburses Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for out-of-pocket expenses and charges, including fees payable to third parties, such as for pricing the Fund’s portfolio securities, incurred by Columbia Management Advisors, LLC in the performance of services under the Services Agreement. Prior to January 1, 2008, the Funds also reimbursed Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for accounting oversight services, services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Prior to December 15, 2006, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC was responsible for providing pricing and bookkeeping services to the Funds under a pricing and bookkeeping agreement and was entitled to receive an annual fee at the same rate described above under the State Street Agreements. Under separate agreements between Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC delegated certain functions to State Street Bank and Trust Company. As a result of the delegation, the total fees payable under the pricing and bookkeeping agreement (other than certain reimbursements paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and discussed below) were paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company. The Funds also reimbursed Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for out-of-pocket expenses and charges, including fees payable to third parties for pricing the Funds’ portfolio securities and direct internal costs incurred by Columbia Management Advisors, LLC in connection with providing fund accounting oversight and monitoring and certain other services.
Pricing and Bookkeeping Fees Paid
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company received fees from the Funds for their services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the net pricing and bookkeeping fees paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company and to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
Pricing and Bookkeeping Fees Paid by the Funds
Fund | Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year | |||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 38,658 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 225,008 | $ | 234,745 | $ | 203,834 | ||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 26,132 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 92,354 | $ | 82,987 | $ | 63,275 | ||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 29,441 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 110,446 | $ | 110,480 | $ | 86,008 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year | |||||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 23,258 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 65,150 | $ | 66,677 | $ | 42,364 | ||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 25,228 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 105,046 | $ | 95,950 | $ | 56,426 | ||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 24,621 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 68,705 | $ | 69,076 | $ | 53,279 | ||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 33,085 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 124,648 | $ | 129,096 | $ | 111,573 | ||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 24,798 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 61,643 | $ | 62,893 | $ | 56,215 | ||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 25,956 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 67,579 | $ | 67,981 | $ | 61,503 | ||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Amount Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 23,873 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 56,413 | $ | 55,062 | $ | 49,744 |
The Principal Underwriter/Distributor
Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. serves as the principal underwriter and distributor for the continuous offering of shares of the Funds pursuant to a Distribution Agreement. The Distribution Agreement obligates the Distributor to use appropriate efforts to find purchasers for the shares of the Funds. The Distributor’s address is: One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111.
Distribution Obligations
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent, sells shares of the Funds on a continuous basis and transmits purchase and redemption orders that it receives to the Trust or the Transfer Agent or their designated agents. Additionally, the Distributor has agreed to use appropriate efforts to solicit orders for the sale of shares and to undertake advertising and promotion as it believes appropriate in connection with such solicitation. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, at its own expense, finances those activities which are primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the Funds, including, but not limited to, advertising, compensation of underwriters, dealers and sales personnel, the printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than existing shareholders, and the printing and mailing of sales literature. The Distributor, however, may be compensated or reimbursed for all or a portion of such expenses to the extent permitted by a Distribution Plan adopted by the Trust pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
The Distribution Agreement became effective with respect to each Fund after approval by its Board, and after an initial two-year period, continues from year to year, provided that continuation of the Distribution Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Distribution Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to each Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice.
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Underwriting Commissions
The following table shows all commissions and other compensation received by the Distributor, as well as amounts the Distributor retained for the Funds’ three most recent fiscal years.
Underwriting Commissions Paid by the Funds and Retained by the Distributor
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007 | |||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 73,980 | $ | 23,668 | $ | 20,256 | ||||||
Class T Paid | $ | 159 | $ | 114 | $ | 71.26 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 7,431 | $ | 2,714 | $ | 2,554 | ||||||
Class T Retained | $ | 19 | $ | 22 | $ | 8 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 3,507 | $ | 11,713 | $ | 12,049 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 3,169 | $ | 1,149 | $ | 269 | ||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 20,003 | $ | 14,473 | $ | 5,712 | ||||||
Class T Paid | $ | 166 | $ | 170 | $ | 445.47 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 18,809 | $ | 1,521 | $ | 566 | ||||||
Class T Retained | $ | 22 | $ | 24 | $ | 51 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 4,348 | $ | 2,628 | $ | 16,632 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 24 | $ | 757 | $ | 1 | ||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 31,161 | $ | 15,140 | $ | 19,092 | ||||||
Class T Paid | $ | 1,290 | $ | 2,605 | $ | 1,501.62 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 27,552 | $ | 1,532 | $ | 2,855 | ||||||
Class T Retained | $ | 192 | $ | 418 | $ | 232 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 1,002 | $ | 2,432 | $ | 12,457 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 1,024 | $ | 291 | $ | 718 | ||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 18,596 | $ | 7,344 | $ | 6,136 | ||||||
Class T Paid | $ | 519 | $ | 390 | $ | 728.69 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 1,672 | $ | 613 | $ | 547 | ||||||
Class T Retained | $ | 67 | $ | 59 | $ | 114 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 1,232 | $ | 4,129 | $ | 4,461 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 118 | $ | 100 | $ | 123 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007 | |||||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 36,174 | $ | 9,534 | $ | 1,454 | ||||||
Class T Paid | $ | 131 | $ | 86 | $ | 1,390.32 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 3,369 | $ | 860 | $ | 109 | ||||||
Class T Retained | $ | 17 | $ | 9 | $ | 267 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 1,620 | $ | 995 | $ | 11,644 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 1,018 | $ | 417 | $ | 1,677 | ||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 2,902 | $ | 706 | $ | 6,355 | ||||||
Class T Paid | $ | 1,004 | $ | 9 | $ | 655.70 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 7,304 | $ | 81 | $ | 844 | ||||||
Class T Retained | $ | 204 | $ | 2 | $ | 137 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 300 | $ | 1,653 | $ | 8,568 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1 | ||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 228,370 | $ | 226,908 | $ | 185,016 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 101,612 | $ | 27,845 | $ | 22,365 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 6,819 | $ | 21,054 | $ | 26,430 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 11,765 | $ | 7,517 | $ | 235 | ||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 81,306 | $ | 60,652 | $ | 36,337 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 10,073 | $ | 7,301 | $ | 3,961 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 5,835 | $ | 13,389 | $ | 29,439 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 168 | $ | 467 | $ | 40 | ||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 81,633 | $ | 94,886 | $ | 59,297 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 10,514 | $ | 10,095 | $ | 7,054 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 6,014 | $ | 14,829 | $ | 41,390 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 742 | $ | 1,922 | $ | 1,534 | ||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 68,365 | $ | 38,175 | $ | 42,781 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 8,410 | $ | 4,631 | $ | 4,771 | ||||||
(underwriting discount) | (underwriting discounts) (CDSC) | |||||||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 2,394 | $ | 18,972 | $ | 35,280 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 453 | $ | 321 | $ | 33 |
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Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest
As described above in the Investment Advisory and Other Services section of this SAI, and in the Management of the Fund — Primary Service Providers section of each Fund’s prospectus, the Advisor, Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent, all affiliates of Bank of America, receive compensation from the Funds for the various services they provide to the Funds. Additional information as to the specific terms regarding such compensation is set forth in these affiliated service providers’ contracts with the Funds, each of which typically is included as an exhibit to Part C of each Fund’s registration statement.
In many instances, the compensation paid to the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates for the services they provide to the Funds is based, in some manner, on the size of the Funds’ assets under management. As the size of the Funds’ assets under management grows, so does the amount of compensation paid to the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates for providing services to the Funds This relationship between Fund assets and affiliated service provider compensation may create economic and other conflicts of interests of which Fund investors should be aware. These potential conflicts of interest, as well as additional ones, are discussed in detail below and also are addressed in other disclosure materials, including the Funds’ prospectuses. These conflicts of interest also are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials of Bank of America affiliates that make available or offer the Columbia Funds as investments in connection with their respective products and services. In addition, Part 1A of the Advisor’s Form ADV, which it must file with the SEC as an investment advisor registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, provides information about the Advisor’s business, assets under management, affiliates and potential conflicts of interest. Part 1A of the Advisor’s Form ADV is available online through the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Additional actual or potential conflicts of interest and certain investment activity limitations that could affect the Funds may arise from the financial services activities of Bank of America and its affiliates, including, for example, the investment advisory/management services provided for clients and customers other than the Funds. In this regard, Bank of America is a major financial services company. Bank of America and its affiliates, including, for example, BANA (including its U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management division), BAS, Merrill Lynch, MLPF&S and the First Republic division of Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., are engaged in a wide range of financial activities beyond the mutual fund-related activities of the Advisor, including, among others, commercial banking, investment banking, broker/dealer (sales and trading), asset management, insurance and other financial activities. The broad range of financial services activities of Bank of America and its affiliates may involve multiple advisory, transactional, lending, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments, and in companies, that may be bought, sold or held by the Funds. The following describes certain actual and potential conflicts of interest that may be presented.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to the Investment Advisory/Management Activities of Bank of America and its Affiliates in Connection With Other Advised/Managed Funds and Accounts
The Advisor and other affiliates of Bank of America may advise or manage funds and accounts other than the Funds. In this regard, Bank of America and its affiliates may provide investment advisory/management and other services to other advised/managed funds and accounts that are similar to those provided to the Funds. The Advisor and Bank of America’s other investment advisor affiliates (including, for example, Columbia Wanger Asset Management, L.P.) will give advice to and make decisions for all advised/managed funds and accounts, including the Funds, as they believe to be in that fund’s and/or account’s best interests, consistent with their fiduciary duties. The Funds and the other advised/managed funds and accounts of Bank of America and its affiliates are separately and potentially divergently managed, and there is no assurance that any investment advice Bank of America and its affiliates give to other advised/managed funds and accounts will also be given simultaneously or otherwise to the Funds.
A variety of other actual and potential conflicts of interest may arise from the advisory relationships of the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates with other clients and customers. Advice given to the Funds and/or
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investment decisions made for the Funds by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates may differ from, or may conflict with, advice given to and/or investment decisions made for other advised/managed funds and accounts. As a result, the performance of the Funds may differ from the performance of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates. Similarly, a position taken by Bank of America and its affiliates, including the Advisor, on behalf of other funds or accounts may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of the Funds. Moreover, Bank of America and its affiliates, including the Advisor, may take a position on behalf of other advised/managed funds and accounts, or for their own proprietary accounts, that is adverse to companies or other issuers in which the Funds are invested. For example, the Funds may hold equity securities of a company while another advised/managed fund or account may hold debt securities of the same company. If the portfolio company were to experience financial difficulties, it might be in the best interest of the Funds for the company to reorganize while the interests of the other advised/managed fund or account might be better served by the liquidation of the company. This type of conflict of interest could arise as the result of circumstances that cannot be generally foreseen within the broad range of investment advisory/management activities in which Bank of America and its affiliates engage.
Investment transactions made on behalf of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates also may have a negative effect on the value, price or investment strategies of the Funds. For example, this could occur if another advised/managed fund or account implements an investment decision ahead of, or at the same time as, the Funds and causes the Funds to experience less favorable trading results than they otherwise would have experienced based on market liquidity factors. In addition, the other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates, including the other Columbia Funds, may have the same or very similar investment objective and strategies as the Funds. In this situation, the allocation of, and competition for, investment opportunities among the Funds and other funds and/ or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates may create conflicts of interest especially where, for example, limited investment availability is involved. The Advisor has adopted policies and procedures addressing the allocation of investment opportunities among the Funds and other funds and accounts advised by the Advisor and other affiliates of Bank of America. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — The Advisor and Investment Advisory Services — Portfolio Manager(s) — The Advisor’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
Sharing of Information among Advised/Managed Accounts
Bank of America and its affiliates also may possess information that could be material to the management of a Fund and may not be able to, or may determine not to, share that information with the Fund, even though the information might be beneficial to the Fund. This information may include actual knowledge regarding the particular investments and transactions of other advised/managed funds and accounts, as well as proprietary investment, trading and other market research, analytical and technical models, and new investment techniques, strategies and opportunities. Depending on the context, Bank of America and its affiliates generally will have no obligation to share any such information with the Funds. In general, employees of Bank of America and its affiliates, including the portfolio managers of the Advisor, will make investment decisions without regard to information otherwise known by other employees of Bank of America and its affiliates, and generally will have no obligation to access any such information and may, in some instances, not be able to access such information because of legal and regulatory constraints or the internal policies and procedures of Bank of America and its affiliates. For example, if the Advisor or another Bank of America affiliate, or their respective employees, come into possession of non-public information regarding another advised/managed fund or account, they may be prohibited by legal and regulatory constraints, or internal policies and procedures, from using that information in connection with transactions made on behalf of the Funds. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — The Advisor and Investment Advisory Services — Portfolio Manager(s) — The Advisor’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
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Soft Dollar Benefits
Certain products and services, commonly referred to as “soft dollar services” (including, to the extent permitted by law, research reports, economic and financial data, financial publications, proxy analysis, computer databases and other research-oriented materials), that the Advisor may receive in connection with brokerage services provided to a Fund may have the inadvertent effect of disproportionately benefiting other advised/ managed funds or accounts. This could happen because of the relative amount of brokerage services provided to a Fund as compared to other advised/managed funds or accounts, as well as the relative compensation paid by a Fund.
Services Provided to Other Advised/Managed Accounts
Bank of America and its affiliates also may act as an investment advisor, investment manager, administrator, transfer agent, custodian, trustee, broker/dealer, agent, or in another capacity, for advised/managed funds and accounts other than the Funds, and may receive compensation for acting in such capacity. This compensation that the Advisor, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Bank of America affiliates receive could be greater than the compensation Bank of America and its affiliates receive for acting in the same or similar capacity for the Funds. In addition, the Advisor, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Bank of America affiliates may receive other benefits, including enhancement of new or existing business relationships. This compensation and/or the benefits that Bank of America and its affiliates may receive from other advised/ managed funds and accounts and other relationships could potentially create incentives to favor other advised/ managed funds and accounts over the Funds. Trades made by Bank of America and its affiliates for the Funds may be, but are not required to be, aggregated with trades made for other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates. If trades are aggregated among the Funds and those other funds and accounts, the various prices of the securities being traded may be averaged, which could have the potential effect of disadvantaging the Funds as compared to the other funds and accounts with which trades were aggregated.
Proxy Voting
Although the Advisor endeavors to make all proxy voting decisions with respect to the interests of the Funds for which it is responsible in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures, the Advisor’s proxy voting decisions with respect to a Fund’s portfolio securities may nonetheless benefit other advised/managed funds and accounts, and/or clients, of Bank of America and its affiliates. The Advisor has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures that are designed to provide that all proxy voting is done in the best interests of its clients, including the Funds, without any resulting benefit or detriment to the Advisor and/or its affiliates, including Bank of America and its affiliates. For more information about the Advisor’s proxy voting policies and procedures, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.
Certain Trading Activities
The directors/trustees, officers and employees of Bank of America and its affiliates may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and in doing so may take a position that is adverse to the Funds. In order to reduce the possibility that such personal investment activities of the directors/trustees, officers and employees of Bank of America and its affiliates will materially adversely affect the Funds, Bank of America and its affiliates have adopted policies and procedures, and the Funds, the Board, the Advisor and the Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics that addresses such personal investment activities. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — Codes of Ethics.
Affiliate Transactions
Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, the Funds may enter into transactions in which Bank of America and/or its affiliates may have an interest that potentially conflicts with the interests of the
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Funds. For example, BAS or MLPF&S may sell securities to the Funds from an offering in which it is an underwriter or from securities that it owns as a dealer, subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
Investment Limitations Arising from Bank of America Activities
Regulatory restrictions applicable to Bank of America and its affiliates may limit the Funds’ investment activities in various ways. For example, regulations regarding certain industries and markets, such as those in emerging or international markets, and certain transactions, such as those involving certain futures and derivatives, may impose a cap on the aggregate amount of investments that may be made by affiliated investors, including accounts managed by the same affiliated manager, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. At certain times, Bank of America and its affiliates also may be restricted in the securities that can be bought or sold for the Funds and other advised/managed funds and accounts because of the investment banking, lending or other relationships Bank of America and its affiliates have with the issuers of securities. This could happen, for example, if the Funds and/or other advised/managed funds and accounts desired to buy a security issued by a company for which Bank of America or its affiliates served as underwriter. The internal policies and procedures of Bank of America and its affiliates covering these types of regulatory restrictions and addressing similar issues also may at times restrict the Funds’ investment activities. A client not advised by Bank of America and its affiliates would not be subject to many of these restrictions. See also About the Funds’ Investments — Certain Investment Activity Limits.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Bank of America and its Affiliates’ Non-Advisory Relationships with Clients and Customers other than the Funds
The lending, investment banking and other relationships that Bank of America and its affiliates may have with companies and other entities in which a Fund may invest can give rise to actual and potential conflicts of interest. Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest (a) in the securities of Bank of America and/or its affiliates and/or in companies in which Bank of America and its affiliates (including, for example, BANA, BAS, and affiliates of Merrill Lynch) have a lending, investment banking, equity, debt or other interest, and/or (b) in the securities of companies held by other Columbia Funds. The purchase, holding and sale of such securities by a Fund may enhance the profitability and the business interests of Bank of America and/or its affiliates and/or other Columbia Funds. There also may be limitations as to the sharing with the Advisor of information derived from the non-investment advisory/management activities of Bank of America and its affiliates because of legal and regulatory constraints and internal policies and procedures (such as information barriers and ethical walls). Because of these limitations, Bank of America and its affiliates generally will not share information derived from its non-investment advisory/management activities with the Advisor.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Bank of America Affiliates’ Marketing and Use of the Columbia Funds as Investment Options
Bank of America and its affiliates also provide a variety of products and services that, in some manner, may utilize the Columbia Funds as investment options. For example, the Columbia Funds may be offered as investments in connection with brokerage and other securities products offered by MLPF&S, and may be utilized as investments in connection with fiduciary, investment management and other accounts offered by U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management or the First Republic division of Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., as well as for other Columbia Funds structured as “funds of funds.” In addition, the Columbia Money Market Funds are offered as an investment option for a variety of cash management and “sweep” account programs offered by Bank of America and its affiliates. The Columbia Funds also may use the Columbia Money Market Funds for cash investment purposes. The use of the Columbia Funds in connection with other products and services offered by Bank of America and its affiliates may introduce economic and other conflicts of interest. These conflicts of interest are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials for the other products and services offered by Bank of America and its affiliates.
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Bank of America and its affiliates, including the Advisor, may make payments to their affiliates in connection with the promotion and sale of the Funds’ shares, in addition to the sales-related and other compensation that these parties may receive from the Funds. As a general matter, personnel of Bank of America and its affiliates, including MLPF&S, do not receive compensation in connection with their sales or use of the Funds that is greater than that paid in connection with their sales of other comparable products and services. Nonetheless, because the compensation that the Advisor and other affiliates of Bank of America may receive for providing services to the Funds is generally based on the Funds’ assets under management and those assets will grow as shares of the Funds are sold, potential conflicts of interest may exist. See Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Financial Intermediary Payments for more information.
The Transfer Agent
Columbia Management Services, Inc. acts as Transfer Agent for each Fund’s shares and can be contacted at P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081. Under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent provides transfer agency, dividend disbursing agency and shareholder servicing agency services to the Funds. Effective November 1, 2009, the Funds pay the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $22.36 per account, payable monthly. In addition, effective November 1, 2009, the Funds may reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds, subject to a cap up to $22.36 per account for financial intermediaries that seek payment by the Transfer Agent on a per account basis and a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account for financial intermediaries that seek payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets. The Funds also pay certain reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses to the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent also may retain as additional compensation for its services revenues for fees for wire, telephone and redemption orders, IRA trustee agent fees and account transcripts due the Transfer Agent from Fund shareholders and credits (net of bank charges) earned with respect to balances in accounts the Transfer Agent maintains in connection with its services to the Funds. For the period November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2009, the Funds paid the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $17.34 per account, payable monthly. In addition, the Funds paid the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent paid to third party dealer firms that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds, subject to a cap equal to 0.15% of a Fund’s net assets represented by the account. For the period April 1, 2006 through October 31, 2007, the Funds paid the Transfer Agent an annual fee of $17.00 per account, payable monthly.
The Transfer Agent retains BFDS/DST, 2 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, MA 02171 as the Funds’ sub-transfer agent. BFDS/DST assists the Transfer Agent in carrying out its duties.
The Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company, which is located at State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111 acts as the Funds’ Custodian. As Custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company is responsible for safeguarding the Funds’ cash and securities, receiving and delivering securities and collecting the Funds’ interest and dividends.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which is located at 125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The Funds issue unaudited financial statements semi-annually and audited financial statements annually. The annual financial statements for the Funds’ fiscal year ended October 31, 2009 have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The Board has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Funds’ financial statements and assist in the preparation of their tax returns for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2010.
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The Reports of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Funds’ Annual Reports to Shareholders of the Funds dated October 31, 2009 are incorporated herein by reference. No other parts of the annual report or semi-annual report to shareholders are incorporated by reference herein. The financial statements incorporated by reference into the Funds’ prospectuses and this SAI have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, given on its authority as an expert in auditing and accounting.
Counsel
Ropes & Gray LLP serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Its address is One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. K&L Gates LLP serves as co-counsel. Its address is Three First National Plaza, 70 West Madison Street, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois, 60602-4207.
Distribution and Servicing Plans
The Trust has adopted distribution and shareholder servicing plans for the Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C shares and Class T shares of the Funds. See Capital Stock and Other Securities for information about which Funds offer which classes of shares. The Funds no longer accept investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds for details.
Under the Shareholder Servicing Plan, each State Bond Fund pays the Distributor a monthly service fee at an annual rate of 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributed to its Class A, Class B and Class C shares. The Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund pays the Distributor a monthly service fee at an annual rate of 0.20% of its average daily net assets attributed to its Class A, Class B and Class C shares. Each Tax-Exempt Fund pays the Distributor a monthly service fee at an annual rate of 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to the Fund’s Class A, Class B and Class C shares issued prior to December 1, 1994 and a monthly service fee at an annual rate of 0.25% attributable to the Fund’s Class A, Class B and Class C shares issued thereafter. This arrangement results in a rate of service fee for all shares that is a blend between the 0.10% and 0.25% rates.
Under the Distribution Plan, each State Bond Fund pays the Distributor a monthly distribution fee at an annual rate of 0.75% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributed to its Class B and Class C shares. The Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund pays the Distributor a monthly distribution fee at an annual rate of 0.65% of its average daily net assets attributed to its Class B and Class C shares. Each Tax-Exempt Fund pays the Distributor a monthly distribution fee at an annual rate of 0.75% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributed to its Class B and Class C shares. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the Class C share distribution fee for each State Bond Fund so that the combined distribution and service fees for each State Bond Fund will not exceed 0.65% annually. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the Class C share distribution fee for Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund so that the combined distribution and service fees for Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund do not exceed 0.40% annually. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the Class C shares distribution fee for the Tax-Exempt Funds so that it does not exceed 0.45% annually.
Under the Shareholder Services Plan for Class T shares, the Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and each State Bond Fund pays for certain services provided to Class T shareholders by their selling and/or servicing agents. The Funds may pay shareholder service fees up to an aggregate annual rate of 0.40% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares (comprised of an annual rate of up to 0.20% for shareholder liaison services and up to 0.20% for administrative support services), but such fees will not exceed the Fund’s net investment income attributable to Class T shares. The Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund limit such fees to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.15% of each Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T Shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative
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support services. The RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund limits such fees to an aggregate annual rate of not more than 0.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class T shares for shareholder liaison services and administrative support services.
Under the shareholder servicing plan, the Board must review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts paid under the servicing agreements and the purposes for which those expenditures were made. The initial term of the shareholder servicing plan is one year and it will continue in effect from year to year after its initial one-year term provided that its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the shareholder servicing plan or in any agreement related to it. Any material amendment to the shareholder servicing plan must be approved in the same manner. The shareholder servicing plan is terminable at any time with respect to the Funds by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees. While the shareholder servicing plan is in effect, only the Independent Trustees may select and nominate any future Independent Trustees.
During the most recently completed fiscal year, the Distributor received distribution and service fees from the Funds for its services as reflected in the following chart. The Trust is not aware as to what amount, if any, of the distribution and service fees paid to the Distributor were, on a Fund-by-Fund basis, used for advertising, printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders, compensation to broker-dealers, compensation to sales personnel or interest, carrying or other financing charges.
Distribution and Service Fees Paid by the Funds for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class T Shares | ||||||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 37,679 | $ | 99,971 | — | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 160,061 | $ | 11,594 | $ | 30,748 | $ | 15,947 | ||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 69,183 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 18,197 | $ | 52,195 | — | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 33,616 | $ | 6,066 | $ | 17,398 | $ | 26,408 | ||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 24,357 | N/A | |||||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 10,423 | $ | 47,375 | — | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 39,310 | $ | 3,474 | $ | 15,788 | $ | 58,747 | ||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 22,104 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 9,739 | $ | 26,601 | — | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 10,489 | $ | 3,245 | $ | 8,865 | $ | 5,583 | ||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 12,410 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 11,757 | $ | 27,844 | — | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 14,234 | $ | 3,919 | $ | 9,281 | $ | 17,583 | ||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 12,994 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 2,382 | $ | 9,149 | — | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 7,394 | $ | 794 | $ | 3,051 | — | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 4,268 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 60,505 | $ | 190,050 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 634,301 | $ | 19,306 | $ | 60,763 | N/A | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 76,149 | N/A |
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Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class T Shares | ||||||||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 68,025 | $ | 89,850 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 171,733 | $ | 21,786 | $ | 28,797 | N/A | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 35,944 | N/A | |||||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 67,068 | $ | 71,441 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 260,190 | $ | 20,536 | $ | 21,895 | N/A | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 28,604 | N/A | |||||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 68,789 | $ | 63,116 | N/A | ||||||||||
Service Fee | $ | 119,106 | $ | 22,123 | $ | 20,306 | N/A | |||||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 25,251 | N/A |
The Distributor may use the entire amount of its fees to defray the costs of commissions and service fees paid to selling and/or servicing agents and for certain other purposes. Since the distribution and service fees are payable regardless of the Distributor’s expenses, the Distributor may realize a profit from the fees. The Distribution Plan authorizes any other payments by the Funds to the Distributor and its affiliates (including the Advisor) to the extent that such payments might be construed to be indirectly financing the distribution of a Fund’s shares.
The Trustees believe the Distribution Plan could be a significant factor in the growth and retention of a Fund’s assets resulting in more advantageous expense ratios and increased investment flexibility which could benefit each class of Fund shareholders. The Distribution Plan will continue in effect from year to year so long as continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees. The Distribution Plan may not be amended to increase the fee materially without approval by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares, and all material amendments of the Distribution Plan must be approved by the Trustees in the manner provided in the foregoing sentence. The Distribution Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares.
For the State Bond Funds and Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, the Advisor has voluntarily agreed to reimburse a portion of each Fund’s expenses so that each Fund’s ordinary operating expenses (excluding any distribution and service fees, brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, and extraordinary expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from each Fund’s custodian, do not exceed 0.55% of each Fund’s average daily net assets on an annualized basis.
For the Tax-Exempt Funds, the Advisor has voluntarily agreed to reimburse a portion of each Fund’s expenses so that each Fund’s ordinary operating expenses (excluding any distribution and service fees, brokerage commissions, interest, taxes and extraordinary expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from each Fund’s custodian, do not exceed 0.60% of each Fund’s average daily net assets on an annualized basis.
These arrangements may be modified or terminated by the Advisor at any time.
The Funds, the Advisor and the Distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act, including Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. These Codes of Ethics permit personnel subject to the Codes of Ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be bought or held by the Funds. These Codes
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of Ethics are included as exhibits to Part C of the Funds’ registration statement. These Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room and may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202.551.8090; they also are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, and may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Funds have delegated to the Advisor or, as applicable, a sub-advisor, the responsibility to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Funds. In deciding to delegate this responsibility to the Advisor, the Board reviewed and approved the policies and procedures adopted by the Advisor and, as applicable, a sub- advisor. These included the procedures that the Advisor follows when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the Funds and its shareholders and the Advisor, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons.
The Advisor’s policy is to vote all proxies for Fund securities in a manner considered by the Advisor to be in the best interest of the Funds and their shareholders without regard to any benefit to the Advisor, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Advisor examines each proposal and votes against the proposal, if, in its judgment, approval or adoption of the proposal would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities. The Advisor also examines each proposal and votes the proxies against the proposal, if, in its judgment, the proposal would be expected to affect adversely the best interest of the Funds The Advisor determines the best interest of the Funds in light of the potential economic return on the Funds’ investment.
The Advisor seeks to address potential material conflicts of interest by having predetermined voting guidelines. For those proposals that require special consideration or in instances where special circumstances may require varying from the predetermined guideline, the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Committee determines the vote in the best interest of the Funds, without consideration of any benefit to the Advisor, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Advisor’s Proxy Voting Committee is composed of representatives of the Advisor’s equity investments, equity research, compliance, legal and operations functions. In addition to the responsibilities described above, the Proxy Voting Committee has the responsibility to review, at least annually, the Advisor’s proxy voting policies to ensure consistency with internal policies and regulatory requirements and to develop additional predetermined voting guidelines to assist in the review of proxy proposals.
The Proxy Voting Committee may vary from a predetermined guideline if it determines that voting on the proposal according to the predetermined guideline would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities or to affect adversely the best interest of the Funds. References to the best interests of the Funds refer to the interest of the Funds in terms of the potential economic return on the client’s investment. In determining the vote on any proposal, the Proxy Voting Committee does not consider any benefit other than benefits to the Funds. A member of the Proxy Voting Committee is prohibited from voting on any proposal for which he or she has a conflict of interest by reason of a direct relationship with the issuer or other party affected by a given proposal. Persons making recommendations to the Proxy Voting Committee or its members are required to disclose to the Committee any relationship with a party making a proposal or other matter known to the person that would create a potential conflict of interest.
The Advisor has retained Glass-Lewis & Co., a third-party vendor, to implement its proxy voting process. Glass-Lewis & Co. provides proxy analysis, record keeping services and vote disclosure services.
Information regarding how the Columbia Funds (except certain Columbia Funds that do not invest in voting securities) voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve month period ended June 30 will be available by August 31 of this year free of charge: (i) through the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiafunds.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. For a copy of the Advisor’s policies and procedures that are used to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Columbia Funds, see Appendix B to this SAI.
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Responsibilities
The Board oversees the Trust and the Funds. The Trustees have a fiduciary duty to protect shareholders’ interests when supervising and overseeing the management and operations of the Trust and have the responsibility to assure that the Funds are managed in the best interests of shareholders. The following table provides basic information about the Trustees as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. The mailing address of each Trustee is: c/o Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, One Financial Center, Mail Stop MA5-515-11-05, Boston, MA 02111.
Independent Trustee Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth and Position Held with the Trust | Year First Appointed | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
Rodman L. Drake (Born 1943) Trustee and Chairman of the Board* | 2007 | Co-Founder of Baringo Capital LLC (private equity) since 2002; President, Continuation Investments Group, Inc. from 1997 to 2001 | 66 | Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. (tax preparation services); Crystal River Capital, Inc. (real estate investment trust); Student Loan Corporation (student loan provider); Celgene Corporation (global biotechnology company); and The Helios Funds (exchange-traded funds) | ||||
John D. Collins (Born 1938) Trustee | 2007 | Retired. Consultant, KPMG, LLP (accounting and tax firm) from July 1999 to June 2000; Partner, KPMG, LLP (accounting and tax firm) from March 1962 to June 1999 | 66 | Mrs. Fields Famous Brands LLC (consumer products); Suburban Propane Partners, L.P.; and Montpelier Re (insurance underwriting firm) | ||||
Douglas A. Hacker (Born 1955) Trustee | 1996 | Independent business executive since May 2006; Executive Vice President — Strategy of United Airlines (airline) from December 2002 to | 66 | Nash Finch Company (food distributor) and Aircastle Limited (aircraft leasing) |
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Name, Year of Birth and Position Held with the Trust | Year First Appointed | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
May 2006; President, UAL Loyalty Services (airline marketing company) from September 2001 to December 2002; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, United Airlines from July 1999 to September 2001 | ||||||||
Janet Langford Kelly (Born 1957) Trustee | 1996 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, ConocoPhillips (integrated energy company) since September 2007; Deputy General Counsel — Corporate Legal Services, ConocoPhillips from August 2006 to August 2007; Partner, Zelle, Hofmann, Voelbel, Mason & Gette LLP (law firm) from March 2005 to July 2006; Adjunct Professor of Law, Northwestern University from September 2004 to June 2006; Director, UAL Corporation (airline) from February 2006 to July 2006; Chief Administrative Officer and Senior Vice President, Kmart Holding Corporation (consumer goods) from September 2003 to March 2004 | 66 | None |
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Name, Year of Birth and Position Held with the Trust | Year First Appointed | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
Charles R. Nelson (Born 1942) Trustee | 1981 | Professor of Economics, University of Washington since January 1976; Ford and Louisa University of Washington Van Voorhis Professor of Political Economy, University of Washington since September 1993; Adjunct Professor of Statistics, University of Washington since September 1980; Associate Editor, Journal of Money Credit and Banking from September 1993 to 2008; consultant on econometric and statistical matters | 66 | None | ||||
John J. Neuhauser (Born 1943) Trustee | 1985 | President, Saint Michael’s College, since August 2007; University Professor, Boston College from November 2005 to August 2007; Academic Vice President and Dean of Faculties, Boston College from August 1999 to October 2005 | 66 | Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (closed-end funds) | ||||
Jonathan Piel (Born 1938) Trustee | 2007 | Cable television producer and web site designer; The Editor, Scientific American, Inc. from 1984 to 1994; Vice President, Scientific American, Inc. from 1984 to 1994; Member, Advisory Board, Stone Age Institute, Bloomington, Indiana (research institute that explores the effect of | 66 | None |
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Name, Year of Birth and Position Held with the Trust | Year First Appointed | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
technology on human evolution); Member, Board of Directors of the National Institute of Social Sciences, New York City; Member, Board of Trustees of the William Alanson White Institute, New York City (institution for training psychoanalysts); Member, Advisory Board, Mount Sinai Children’s Environmental Health Center, New York | ||||||||
Patrick J. Simpson (Born 1944) Trustee | 2000 | Partner, Perkins Coie L.L.P. (law firm) | 66 | None | ||||
Anne-Lee Verville (Born 1945) Trustee | 1998 | Retired since 1997 (formerly, General Manager, General Education Industry from 1994 to 1997, President — Application Systems Division from 1991 to 1994, Chief Financial Officer — US Marketing & Services from 1988 to 1991, and Chief Information Officer from 1987 to 1988, IBM Corporation (computer and technology)) | 66 | None |
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Interested Trustee Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth and Position Held with the Trust | Year First Appointed | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
William E. Mayer ** (Born 1940) Trustee | 1994 | Partner, Park Avenue Equity Partners (private equity) since February 1999; Dean and Professor, College of Business, University of Maryland from 1992 to 1997 | 66 | Lee Enterprises (print media), WR Hambrecht + Co. (financial service provider) and BlackRock Kelso Capital Corporation (investment company) |
* | Effective June 12, 2009, the Board elected Mr. Drake as Chairman of the Board. |
** | Each Fund currently treats Mr. Mayer as an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Columbia Funds by reason of his affiliation with WR Hambrecht + Co., a registered broker/dealer that may execute portfolio transactions for or engage in principal transactions with a Fund or other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates. |
Standing Committees
The Trust has several standing committees, including the Audit Committee, the Governance Committee, the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee, the Compliance Committee and the Investment Oversight Committees.
Ms. Verville and Messrs. Collins, Hacker and Nelson are members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee’s functions include making recommendations to the Board regarding the selection and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviewing matters relative to accounting and auditing practices and procedures, accounting records and the internal accounting controls of the Funds and certain service providers. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the Audit Committee met six times.
Messrs. Drake, Hacker, Mayer and Simpson are members of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee’s functions include recommending to the Board nominees for independent Trustee positions and for appointments to various committees, performing periodic evaluations of the effectiveness of the Board, reviewing and recommending to the Board policies and practices to be followed in carrying out the Trustees’ duties and responsibilities and reviewing and making recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of the Trustees who are not affiliated with the Advisor. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the Governance Committee met six times.
The Governance Committee will consider nominees for Trustee recommended by shareholders provided that such recommendations are submitted by the date disclosed in a Fund’s proxy statement and otherwise comply with applicable securities laws, including Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act. Such shareholder recommendations must be in writing and should be sent to the attention of the Governance Committee in care of the Fund at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111-2621. Shareholder recommendations should include the proposed nominee’s biographical information (including business experience for the past ten years) and a description of the qualifications of the proposed nominee, along with a statement from the proposed nominee that he or she is willing to serve and meets the requirements to be a disinterested Trustee, if applicable.
Ms. Kelly and Messrs. Hacker, Mayer, Nelson, Neuhauser and Piel are members of the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee. The Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee’s functions include reviewing and making
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recommendations to the Board as to contracts requiring approval of a majority of the Independent Trustees and as to any other contracts that may be referred to the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee by the Board. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee met eight times.
Mses. Kelly and Verville and Messrs. Nelson and Simpson are members of the Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committee’s functions include providing oversight of the compliance monitoring processes and controls regarding the Funds. The Committee uses legal, regulatory and internal rules, policies, procedures and standards other than those relating to accounting matters and oversight of compliance by the Advisor, Distributor and Transfer Agent. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, the Compliance Committee met seven times.
Each Trustee also serves on an Investment Oversight Committee (IOC). Each IOC is responsible for monitoring, on an ongoing basis, a select group of funds in the Columbia Funds Complex and gives particular consideration to such matters as a Fund’s adherence to their investment mandates, historical performance, changes in investment processes and personnel, and proposed changes to investment objectives. Investment personnel who manage the Fund attend IOC meetings from time to time to assist the applicable IOC in its review of the Fund. Each IOC meets four times a year, as the applicable IOC did for the Funds’ most recently completed fiscal year. The below are members of the respective IOCs and the general categories of funds in the Columbia Funds Complex which they review. These asset categories may be reallocated among the IOCs from time to time.
IOC #1: Mr. Neuhauser and Ms. Verville are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Global Stock, International Stock, Large Growth, Mid Value, Fixed Income — Core and Municipal.
IOC #2: Messrs. Collins, Hacker and Mayer are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Large Value, Small Growth, Specialty, Fixed Income — High Yield, Multi-Sector and Municipal.
IOC #3: Mr. Piel and Ms. Kelly are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Asset Allocation, Index, Large Value, Mid Value, Small Core, Small Value, Money Market, Fixed Income — Municipal and Short Duration.
IOC #4: Messrs. Drake, Nelson and Simpson are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Asset Allocation, Large Blend, Mid Growth, Multi Blend, Small Growth, Specialty, Fixed Income — Core, Municipal and Short Duration.
Compensation
Trustees are compensated for their services to the Columbia Funds Family on a complex-wide basis, as shown in the table below.
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Independent Trustee Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | |||||||||||||||
Rodman L. Drake(b) | $ | 13,560 | $ | 2,292 | $ | 1,597 | $ | 1,549 | $ | 2,671 | ||||||||||
John D. Collins(c) | $ | 10,761 | $ | 1,819 | $ | 1,280 | $ | 1,235 | $ | 2,120 | ||||||||||
Douglas A. Hacker | $ | 11,707 | $ | 1,981 | $ | 1,394 | $ | 1,348 | $ | 2,311 | ||||||||||
Janet Langford Kelly | $ | 11,272 | $ | 1,907 | $ | 1,362 | $ | 1,299 | $ | 2,220 | ||||||||||
Charles R. Nelson | $ | 12,196 | $ | 2,024 | $ | 1,451 | $ | 1,383 | $ | 2,355 | ||||||||||
John J. Neuhauser | $ | 11,379 | $ | 1,890 | $ | 1,342 | $ | 1,288 | $ | 2,207 | ||||||||||
Jonathan Piel | $ | 10,611 | $ | 1,762 | $ | 1,256 | $ | 1,201 | $ | 2,056 | ||||||||||
Patrick J. Simpson(d) | $ | 11,461 | $ | 1,901 | $ | 1,353 | $ | 1,297 | $ | 2,215 | ||||||||||
Thomas C. Theobald(e)(g) | $ | 12,668 | $ | 2,097 | $ | 1,481 | $ | 1,433 | $ | 2,462 | ||||||||||
Anne-Lee Verville(f) | $ | 11,862 | $ | 1,970 | $ | 1,343 | $ | 1,343 | $ | 2,295 |
(a) | All Trustees receive reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to their attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
(b) | During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Mr. Drake deferred $5,249 of his compensation from Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $895 of his compensation from CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $1,256 of his compensation from MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $615 of his compensation from NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, and $1,035 of his compensation from NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Drake deferred $116,500 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Drake’s account under that plan was $223,507. |
(c) | During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Mr. Collins deferred $5,048 of his compensation from Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $861 of his compensation from CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $663 of his compensation from MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $592 of his compensation from NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, and $995 of his compensation from NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Collins deferred $116,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Collins’ account under that plan was $205,097. |
(d) | During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Mr. Simpson deferred $11,461 of his compensation from Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $1,901 of his compensation from CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $1,353 of his compensation from MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $1,297 of his compensation from NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, and $2,215 of his compensation from NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Simpson deferred $236,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Simpson’s account under that plan was $1,051,968. |
(e) | At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Theobald’s account under the deferred compensation plan was $600,183. |
(f) | At December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Verville’s account under the deferred compensation plan was $679,903. |
(g) | Mr. Theobald served as a Trustee of the Trust until February 2010. |
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Independent Trustee Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009 and the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from CA Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from CT Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from MA Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from NY Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Total Compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex Paid to Independent Trustees for the Calendar Year ended December 31, 2009(a) | ||||||||||||||||||
Rodman L. Drake(b) | $ | 1,762 | $ | 3,260 | $ | 1,666 | $ | 1,860 | $ | 1,535 | $ | 275,955 | ||||||||||||
John D. Collins(c) | $ | 1,407 | $ | 2,596 | $ | 1,331 | $ | 1,484 | $ | 1,226 | $ | 226,990 | ||||||||||||
Douglas A. Hacker | $ | 1,534 | $ | 2,827 | $ | 1,452 | $ | 1,619 | $ | 1,338 | $ | 251,005 | ||||||||||||
Janet Langford Kelly | $ | 1,480 | $ | 2,726 | $ | 1,401 | $ | 1,562 | $ | 1,290 | $ | 234,000 | ||||||||||||
Charles R. Nelson | $ | 1,572 | $ | 2,889 | $ | 1,491 | $ | 1,661 | $ | 1,373 | $ | 249,500 | ||||||||||||
John J. Neuhauser | $ | 1,465 | $ | 2,697 | $ | 1,388 | $ | 1,547 | $ | 1,278 | $ | 233,500 | ||||||||||||
Jonathan Piel | $ | 1,366 | $ | 2,514 | $ | 1,294 | $ | 1,443 | $ | 1,192 | $ | 218,500 | ||||||||||||
Patrick J. Simpson(d) | $ | 1,474 | $ | 2,713 | $ | 1,397 | $ | 1,557 | $ | 1,286 | $ | 236,000 | ||||||||||||
Thomas C. Theobald(e)(g) | $ | 1,633 | $ | 3,006 | $ | 1,546 | $ | 1,723 | $ | 1,422 | $ | 248,550 | ||||||||||||
Anne-Lee Verville(f) | $ | 1,527 | $ | 2,810 | $ | 1,447 | $ | 1,613 | $ | 1,332 | $ | 244,000 |
(a) | All Trustees receive reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to their attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
(b) | During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Mr. Drake deferred $700 of his compensation from RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $1,281 of his compensation from CA Tax-Exempt Fund, $663 of his compensation from CT Tax-Exempt Fund, $738 of his compensation from MA Tax-Exempt Fund, and $611 of his compensation from NY Tax-Exempt Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Drake deferred $116,500 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Drake’s account under that plan was $223,507. |
(c) | During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Mr. Collins deferred $674 of his compensation from RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $1,233 of his compensation from CA Tax-Exempt Fund, $638 of his compensation from CT Tax-Exempt Fund, $710 of his compensation from MA Tax-Exempt Fund, and $589 of his compensation from NY Tax-Exempt Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Collins deferred $116,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Collins’ account under that plan was $205,097. |
(d) | During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, Mr. Simpson deferred $1,474 of his compensation from RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund, $2,713 of his compensation from CA Tax-Exempt Fund, $1,397 of his compensation from CT Tax-Exempt Fund, $1,557 of his compensation from MA Tax-Exempt Fund, and $1,286 of his compensation from NY Tax-Exempt Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Simpson deferred $236,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Fund Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Simpson’s account under that plan was $1,051,968. |
(e) | At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Theobald’s account under the deferred compensation plan was $600,183. |
(f) | At December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Verville’s account under the deferred compensation plan was $679,903. |
(g) | Mr. Theobald served as a Trustee of the Trust until February 2010. |
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Interested Trustee Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | |||||||||||||||
William E. Mayer | $ | 11,377 | $ | 1,887 | $ | 1,351 | $ | 1,288 | $ | 2,201 |
(a) | Mr. Mayer receives reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to his attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
Interested Trustee Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009 and the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from CA Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from CT Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from MA Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009(a) | Aggregate Compensation from NY Tax-Exempt Fund for the Fiscal Year ended October 31, 2009(a) | Total Compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex Paid to Independent Trustees for the Calendar Year ended December 31, 2009(a) | ||||||||||||||||||
William E. Mayer | $ | 1,464 | $ | 2,693 | $ | 1,388 | $ | 1,546 | $ | 1,278 | $ | 233,500 |
(a) | Mr. Mayer receives reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to his attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
Columbia Funds Deferred Compensation Plan
Under the terms of the Deferred Fee Agreement (the Deferred Compensation Plan), each eligible Trustee may elect, on an annual basis, to defer receipt of all or a portion of compensation payable to him or her for service as Trustee for that calendar year (expressly, a Trustee may elect to defer his/her annual retainer, his/her attendance fees, or both components, which together comprise total compensation for service). Fees deferred by a Trustee are credited to a book reserve account (the Deferral Account), established by the Columbia Funds, the value of which is derived from the rate of return of one or more Columbia Funds selected by the Trustee (with accruals to the Deferral Account beginning at such time as a Trustee’s fund elections having been established, and proceeds for service having been paid into such account, and terminating at such time as when proceeds become payable to such Trustee under the Deferred Compensation Plan). Trustees may change their fund elections only in accordance with the provisions of the Deferred Compensation Plan.
Distributions from a Trustee’s Deferral Account will be paid by check, either in a lump sum or in annual installments. Payments made in annual installments are disbursed over a period of up to ten years, following such time as a Trustee may qualify to receive such payments. If a deferring Trustee dies prior to or after the commencement of the disbursement of amounts accrued in his/her Deferral Account, the balance of the account will be distributed to his/her designated beneficiary either in lump sum or in annual payments as established by such Trustee himself/herself, his/her beneficiary or his/her estate. Amounts payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan are not funded or secured in any way, and each deferring Trustee has the status of an unsecured creditor of the Columbia Fund(s) from which compensation has been deferred.
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Beneficial Equity Ownership
As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of each class of shares of each Fund. The table below shows, for each Trustee, the amount of Fund equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustee and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of the Columbia Funds Family, stated as one of the following ranges: A = $0; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Independent Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | Rodman L. Drake | John D. Collins | Douglas A. Hacker | Janet Langford Kelly | Charles R. Nelson | |||||||||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | E | |||||||||||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | E | * | E | * | E | E | E |
Independent Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | John J. Neuhauser | Jonathan Piel | Patrick J. Simpson | Anne-Lee Verville | ||||||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | E | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | A | A | A | A | ||||||||||||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | E | A | E | * | E | * |
* | Includes the value of compensation payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan that is determined as if the amounts deferred had been invested, as of the date of deferral, in shares of one or more funds in the Columbia Funds Complex as specified by each Trustee. |
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Interested Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Fund | William E. Mayer | |||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A | |||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | A | |||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | A | |||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | A | |||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | A | |||
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | A |
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The following table provides basic information about the Officers of the Trust as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. The mailing address of each Officer is: c/o Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, One Financial Center, Mail Stop MA5-515-11-05, Boston, MA 02110.
Officer Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth and | Position with the Trust | Year First | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past | |||
J. Kevin Connaughton (Born 1964) | President | 2009 | Managing Director of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC since December 2004; Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Columbia Funds, from June 2008 to January 2009; Treasurer, Columbia Funds, from October 2003 to May 2008; Treasurer, the Liberty Funds, Stein Roe Funds and Liberty All-Star Funds, from December 2000 to December 2006; Senior Vice President, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from April 2003 to December 2004; President, Columbia Funds, Liberty Funds and Stein Roe Funds, from February 2004 to October 2004; Treasurer, Galaxy Funds, from September 2002 to December 2005; Treasurer, from December 2002 to December 2004, and President, from February 2004 to December 2004, Columbia Management Multi-Strategy Hedge Fund, LLC and a senior officer or director of various other Bank of America-affiliated entities, including other registered and unregistered funds. | |||
James R. Bordewick, Jr. (Born 1959) | Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer | 2006 | Associate General Counsel, Bank of America since April 2005; Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel, MFS Investment Management (investment management) prior to April 2005. | |||
Linda J. Wondrack (Born 1964) | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | 2007 | Director (Columbia Management Group, LLC and Investment Product Group Compliance), Bank of America since June 2005; Director of Corporate Compliance and Conflicts Officer, MFS |
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Name, Year of Birth and | Position with the Trust | Year First | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past | |||
Investment Management (investment management), from August 2004 to May 2005; Managing Director, Deutsche Asset Management (investment management) prior to August 2004. | ||||||
Michael G. Clarke (Born 1969) | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 2009 | Director of Fund Administration of the Advisor since January 2006; Managing Director of the Advisor, from September 2004 to December 2005; Vice President Fund Administration of the Advisor from June 2002 to September 2004. | |||
Joseph F. DiMaria (Born 1968) | Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer | 2008 | Director of Fund Administration of the Advisor since January 2006; Head of Tax/Compliance and Assistant Treasurer from November 2004 to December 2005; Director of Trustee Administration (Sarbanes-Oxley) from May 2003 to October 2004. | |||
Stephen T. Welsh (Born 1957) | Vice President | 1996 | President and Director, Columbia Management Services, Inc. since July 2004; Managing Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. since August 2007; Senior Vice President and Controller, Columbia Management Services, Inc. prior to July 2004. | |||
Julie B. Lyman (Born 1970) | Vice President | 2009 | Assistant General Counsel, Bank of America since October 2009 and from October 2006 through May 2009; Managing Director of the Advisor from May 2009 through October 2009; Associate, Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Nicholson Graham LLP (law firm) from April 2004 through October 2006. | |||
Jeffrey R. Coleman (Born 1969) | Deputy Treasurer | 2006 | Director of Fund Administration of the Advisor since January 2006; Fund Controller of the Advisor from October 2004 to January 2006. | |||
Julian Quero (Born 1967) | Deputy Treasurer | 2003 | Senior Tax Manager of the Advisor since August 2006; Senior Compliance Manager of the Advisor from April 2002 to August 2006. |
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Name, Year of Birth and | Position with the Trust | Year First | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past | |||
Timothy P. Kane (Born 1974) | Assistant Treasurer | 2008 | Head of Valuation of the Advisor since July 2007; Manager, Accounting Oversight Department of the Advisor since September 2004. | |||
Kenneth E. O’Connor (Born 1970) | Assistant Treasurer | 2008 | Head of Mutual Fund Performance of the Advisor since September 2006; Senior Manager, Mutual Fund Performance of the Advisor from 2003 to September 2006. | |||
Kathryn Thompson (Born 1967) | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight of the Advisor since December 2004. | |||
Philip N. Prefontaine (Born 1948) | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Reporting of the Advisor since November 2004. | |||
Keith E. Stone (Born 1974) | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Vice President, Trustee Reporting of the Advisor since September 2003. | |||
Barry S. Vallan (Born 1969) | Controller | 2006 | Vice President, Fund Treasury of the Advisor since October 2004. | |||
Peter T. Fariel (Born 1957) | Assistant Secretary | 2006 | Associate General Counsel, Bank of America since April 2005; Partner, Goodwin Procter LLP (law firm) prior to April 2005. | |||
Ryan C. Larrenaga (Born 1970) | Assistant Secretary | 2005 | Assistant General Counsel, Bank of America since March 2005; Associate, Ropes & Gray LLP (law firm) from 1998 to February 2005. |
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
General Brokerage Policy, Brokerage Transactions and Broker Selection
Subject to policies established by the Board, the Advisor (or the investment sub-advisor(s) who make(s) the day-to-day investment decisions for a Fund, as applicable) is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for each Fund, for the selection of broker/dealers, for the execution of a Fund’s securities transactions and for the allocation of brokerage commissions in connection with such transactions. The Advisor’s primary consideration in effecting a security transaction is to obtain the best net price and the most favorable execution of the order. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected through brokers who charge negotiated commissions for their services. Orders may be directed to any broker to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law.
In the over-the-counter market, securities generally are traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principals for their own accounts without stated commissions, although the price of a security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are bought at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s “concession” or “discount.” On occasion, certain money market instruments may be bought directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
The Funds are affiliated with the NYSE specialist firm Banc of America Specialist, Inc. In order to ensure that markets are fair, orderly and competitive, NYSE specialist firms are responsible for maintaining a liquid and continuous two-sided auction market by acting as both an agent and a principal. Specialists are entrusted to hold the interests of customer orders above the specialist’s own interests, and will buy and sell securities as principal when such transactions are necessary to minimize imbalances between supply and demand. Banc of America Specialist, Inc. may make a market in certain securities held by the Funds.
In placing orders for portfolio securities of the Funds, the Advisor gives primary consideration to obtaining the best net prices and most favorable execution. This means that the Advisor will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. In seeking such execution, the Advisor will use its best judgment in evaluating the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including, without limitation, the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security, the confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker/dealer, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the broker/dealer, the value and quality of the services rendered by the broker/dealer in this instance and other transactions and the reasonableness of the spread or commission, if any. Research services received from broker/ dealers supplement the Advisor’s own research and may include the following types of information: statistical and background information on industry groups and individual companies; forecasts and interpretations with respect to U.S. and foreign economies, securities, markets, specific industry groups and individual companies; information on political developments; Fund management strategies; performance information on securities and information concerning prices of securities; and information supplied by specialized services to the Advisor and to the Board with respect to the performance, investment activities and fees and expenses of other mutual funds. Such information may be communicated electronically, orally or in written form. Research services also may include the arranging of meetings with management of companies and the provision of access to consultants who supply research information.
The outside research is useful to the Advisor since, in certain instances, the broker/dealers utilized by the Advisor may follow a different universe of securities issuers and other matters than those that the Advisor’s staff can follow. In addition, this research provides the Advisor with a different perspective on financial markets, even if the securities research obtained relates to issues followed by the Advisor. Research services that are provided to the Advisor by broker/dealers are available for the benefit of all accounts managed or advised by the Advisor.
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In some cases, the research services are available only from the broker/dealer providing such services. In other cases, the research services may be obtainable from alternative sources. The Advisor is of the opinion that because the broker/dealer research supplements rather than replaces the Advisor’s own research, the receipt of such research does not tend to decrease the Advisor’s expenses, but tends to improve the quality of its investment advice. However, to the extent that the Advisor would have bought any such research services had such services not been provided by broker/dealers, the expenses of such services to the Advisor could be considered to have been reduced accordingly. Certain research services furnished by broker/dealers may be useful to the clients of the Advisor other than the Funds. Conversely, any research services received by the Advisor through the placement of transactions of other clients may be of value to the Advisor in fulfilling its obligations to the Funds The Advisor is of the opinion that this material is beneficial in supplementing its research and analysis; and, therefore, it may benefit the Trust by improving the quality of the Advisor’s investment advice. The advisory fees paid by the Trust are not reduced because the Advisor receives such services.
Under Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Advisor shall not be “deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached its fiduciary duty” solely because under certain circumstances it has caused the account to pay a higher commission than the lowest available. To obtain the benefit of Section 28(e), the Advisor must make a good faith determination that the commissions paid are “reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such member, broker, or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or his overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts as to which he exercises investment discretion.” Accordingly, the price to the Funds in any transaction may be less favorable than that available from another broker/dealer if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered. Some broker/ dealers may indicate that the provision of research services is dependent upon the generation of certain specified levels of commissions and underwriting concessions by the Advisor’s clients, including the Funds.
Commission rates are established pursuant to negotiations with broker/dealers based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by broker/dealers in light of generally prevailing rates. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different broker/dealers. Transactions on foreign stock exchanges involve payment of brokerage commissions that generally are fixed. Transactions in both foreign and domestic over-the-counter markets generally are principal transactions with dealers, and the costs of such transactions involve dealer spreads rather than brokerage commissions. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Advisor, where possible, will deal directly with dealers who make a market in the securities involved, except in those circumstances in which better prices and execution are available elsewhere.
In certain instances there may be securities that are suitable for more than one Fund as well as for one or more of the other clients of the Advisor. Investment decisions for the Funds and for the Advisor’s other clients are made with the goal of achieving their respective investment objectives. A particular security may be bought or sold for only one client even though it may be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when a number of accounts receive investment advice from the same investment advisor, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are engaged simultaneously in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. In some cases, this policy could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security in a particular transaction that may affect the Funds.
The Funds may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. The Funds will engage in this practice, however, only when the Advisor, in its sole discretion, believes such practice to be otherwise in the Fund’s interests.
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The Trust will not execute portfolio transactions through, or buy or sell portfolio securities from or to, the Distributor, the Advisor, the Administrator or their affiliates acting as principal (including repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements), except to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or order. However, the Advisor is authorized to allocate buy and sell orders for portfolio securities to certain broker/dealers and financial institutions, including, in the case of agency transactions, broker/dealers and financial institutions that are affiliated with Bank of America. To the extent that a Fund executes any securities trades with an affiliate of Bank of America, the Fund does so in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and the procedures that the Fund has adopted pursuant to the rule. In this regard, for each transaction, the Board will determine that: (i) the transaction resulted in prices for and execution of securities transactions at least as favorable to the particular Fund as those likely to be derived from a non-affiliated qualified broker/dealer; (ii) the affiliated broker/dealer charged the Fund commission rates consistent with those charged by the affiliated broker/dealer in similar transactions to clients comparable to the Fund and that are not affiliated with the broker/dealer in question; and (iii) the fees, commissions or other remuneration paid by the Fund did not exceed 2% of the sales price of the securities if the sale was effected in connection with a secondary distribution, or 1% of the purchase or sale price of such securities if effected in other than a secondary distribution. In addition, the Columbia Funds are affiliated with BAS, Merrill Lynch and their affiliates (including MLPF&S, Merrill Lynch Government Securities, Inc. and Merrill Lynch Money Markets Inc.) and may, pursuant to conditions prescribed by the SEC and applicable law (i) purchase certain types of securities from such entities in their role as dealers in such securities and (ii) purchase certain eligible municipal securities through group orders when MLPF&S is a member of an underwriting syndicate for such securities.
Certain affiliates of Bank of America, such as its subsidiary banks, may have deposit, loan or commercial banking relationships with the corporate users of facilities financed by industrial development revenue bonds or private activity bonds bought by certain of the Columbia Funds. Bank of America or certain of its affiliates may serve as trustee, custodian, tender agent, guarantor, placement agent, underwriter, or in some other capacity, with respect to certain issues of securities. Under certain circumstances, the Funds may buy securities from a member of an underwriting syndicate in which an affiliate of Bank of America is a member. The Trust has adopted procedures pursuant to Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act, and intends to comply with the requirements of Rule 10f-3, in connection with any purchases of municipal securities that may be subject to Rule 10f-3.
Given the breadth of the Advisor’s investment management activities, investment decisions for each Fund are not always made independently from those for other funds, or other investment companies and accounts advised or managed by the Advisor. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on behalf of one or more of the Columbia Funds and another investment portfolio, investment company or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount in a manner which the Advisor believes to be equitable to each Fund and such other funds, investment portfolio, investment company or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by a Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Advisor may aggregate the securities to be sold or bought for the Funds with those to be sold or bought for other funds, investment portfolios, investment companies, or accounts in executing transactions.
See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about these and other conflicts of interest.
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The following table describes the amounts of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds during their three most recently completed fiscal years. In certain instances the Funds may pay brokerage commissions to broker/ dealers that are affiliates of Bank of America. As indicated above, all such transactions involving the payment of brokerage commissions to affiliates are done in compliance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act.
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid by the Funds
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007 | |||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 5,572.50 | $ | 49,484.50 | ||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,189.50 | ||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 799.50 | $ | 6,327.75 | ||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 149.50 | $ | 221.00 | ||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 195.00 | $ | 442.50 | ||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 650.00 | $ | 1,010.75 | ||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 9,399.00 | $ | 17,095.00 | ||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 215 | $ | 2,063.75 | $ | 5,041.00 | ||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 306 | $ | 3,165.50 | $ | 6,311.50 | ||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 150 | $ | 1,576.25 | $ | 3,198.00 |
The Funds paid no brokerage commissions to affiliated broker/dealers for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
The Funds or the Advisor, through an agreement or understanding with a broker/dealer, or otherwise through an internal allocation procedure, may direct, subject to applicable legal requirements, the Funds’ brokerage transactions to a broker/dealer because of the research services it provides the Funds or the Advisor.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009, no Fund directed brokerage transactions.
Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers
In certain cases, the Funds, as part of their principal investment strategies, or otherwise as a permissible investment, will invest in the common stock or debt obligations of the regular broker/dealers that the Advisor uses to transact brokerage for the Columbia Funds Family.
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As of October 31, 2009, the Funds owned securities of their “regular brokers or dealers” or their parents, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, as shown in the table below.
Investments in Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers as of October 31, 2009
Fund | Broker/Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | None | $ | 0 | |||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | None | $ | 0 |
Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments
The Funds, along with the Transfer Agent and/or the Distributor may pay significant amounts to financial intermediaries (as defined below), including other Bank of America affiliates, for providing the types of services that would typically be provided directly by a mutual fund’s transfer agent. The level of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. A number of factors may be considered in determining payments to a financial intermediary, including, without limitation, the nature of the services provided to shareholders or retirement plan participants that invest in the Funds through retirement plans. These services may include sub-accounting, sub-transfer agency or similar recordkeeping services, shareholder or participant reporting, shareholder or participant transaction processing, and/or the provision of call center support (additional shareholder services). These payments for shareholder servicing support vary by financial intermediary but generally are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.40% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan, and 0.45% of the average aggregate value of each Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that do not pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan. The Board has authorized each Fund to pay up to 0.15% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares. Such payments will be made by a Fund to the Transfer Agent who will in turn make payments to the financial intermediary for the provision of such additional shareholder services. The Funds’ Transfer Agent, Distributor or their affiliates will pay, from its or their own resources, amounts in excess of the amount paid by the Funds to financial intermediaries in connection with the provision of these additional shareholder services and other services.
For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates.
The Funds also may make additional payments to financial intermediaries that charge networking fees for certain services provided in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts through the NSCC.
In addition, the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may make lump sum payments to selected financial intermediaries receiving shareholder servicing payments in reimbursement of printing costs for literature for participants, account maintenance fees or fees for establishment of the Funds on the financial intermediary’s system or other similar services.
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As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates had agreed to make shareholder servicing payments to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
Recipients of Shareholder Servicing Payments from the Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates
• | Acclaim Benefits, Inc. | • | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company | |||
• | A.G. Edwards | • | Matrix Settlement & Clearance Services | |||
• | Alerus Retirement Solutions | • | Mercer HR Services, LLC | |||
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. | • | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company | |||
• | Bank of America, N.A.* | • | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated* | |||
• | Benefit Plan Administrators | • | Mid Atlantic Capital Corporation | |||
• | Bisys Retirement Services | • | Morgan Keegan & Co., Inc. | |||
• | Charles Schwab & Co. | • | Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated | |||
• | Charles Schwab Trust Co. | • | MSCS Financial Services, LLC | |||
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. | • | National Investor Services Corp. | |||
• | CitiStreet LLC | • | Newport Retirement Services, Inc. | |||
• | City National Bank | • | New York State Deferred Compensation Plan | |||
• | Compensation & Capital Administrative Services, Inc. | • | NYLife Distributors LLC | |||
• | CPI Qualified Plan Consultants | • | PNC Advisors | |||
• | Daily Access Concepts, Inc. | • | Princeton Retirement Group | |||
• | Digital Retirement Solutions | • | Principal Life Insurance Company | |||
• | Dreyfus | • | Prudential Insurance Company of America | |||
• | Edward D. Jones & Co., L.P. | • | Prudential Retirement Insurance & Annuity Co. | |||
• | E*Trade Group, Inc. | • | Reliance Trust Company | |||
• | ExpertPlan | • | Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc. | |||
• | Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Co. | • | Royal Alliance Associates, Inc. | |||
• | First Clearing LLC | • | Standard Retirement Services, Inc. | |||
• | Genworth Financial | • | TD Ameritrade Clearing Inc. | |||
• | GPC Securities, Inc.* | • | TD Ameritrade Trust Company | |||
• | Guardian Life Insurance Company | • | Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America | |||
• | GWFS Equities, Inc. | • | The 401k Company | |||
• | Hartford Life Insurance Company | • | T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |||
• | Hewitt Associates LLC | • | The Vanguard Group, Inc. | |||
• | ICMA Retirement Corporation | • | Unified Trust Company, N.A. | |||
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company | • | UPromise Investments, Inc. | |||
• | ING Institutional Plan Services, LLP | • | VALIC Retirement Services | |||
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company (USA) | • | Wachovia Bank, N.A. | |||
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York | • | Wachovia Securities, LLC | |||
• | JP Morgan Retirement Plan Services LLC | • | Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
• | Lincoln Financial Group | • | Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC | |||
• | LPL Financial Corporation | • | Wilmington Trust Corporation | |||
• | Marshall & Ilsley Trust Company | • | Wilmington Trust Retirement & Institutional Services Company |
* | Bank of America affiliate |
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The Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
Additional Financial Intermediary Payments
Financial intermediaries may receive different commissions, sales charge reallowances and other payments with respect to sales of different classes of shares of the Funds. These other payments may include servicing payments to retirement plan administrators and other institutions at rates up to those described above under Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates.
The Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may pay compensation to selected financial intermediaries, including other Bank of America affiliates, under the categories described below. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and a single financial intermediary may receive payments under all categories. A financial intermediary also may receive payments described above in Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. These payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of a Fund to its customers. The amount of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. In determining the amount of payments to be made, the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may consider a number of factors, including, without limitation, asset mix and length of relationship with the financial intermediary, the size of the customer/shareholder base of the financial intermediary, the manner in which customers of the financial intermediary make investments in the Funds, the nature and scope of marketing support or services provided by the financial intermediary (as described more fully below) and the costs incurred by the financial intermediary in connection with maintaining the infrastructure necessary or desirable to support investments in the Funds.
These additional payments by the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates are made pursuant to agreements between the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates and financial intermediaries, and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a share, the amount a Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales or the distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund as shown under the heading Fees and Expenses of the Fund in the Fund’s prospectuses.
Marketing Support Payments
The Distributor and the Advisor may make payments, from their own resources, to certain financial intermediaries, including other Bank of America affiliates, for marketing support services relating to the Columbia Funds, including, but not limited to, business planning assistance, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the financial intermediary’s preferred or recommended fund list or otherwise identifying the Funds as being part of a complex to be accorded a higher degree of marketing support than complexes not making such payments, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the financial intermediary, client servicing and systems infrastructure support. These payments are generally based upon one or more of the following factors: average net assets of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, gross sales of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a financial intermediary firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment.
While the financial arrangements may vary for each financial intermediary, the marketing support payments to each financial intermediary generally are expected to be between 0.05% and 0.50% (between 0.03% and 0.12% in the case of the Money Market Funds) on an annual basis for payments based on average net assets of
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the Columbia Funds attributable to the financial intermediary, and between 0.05% and 0.25% on an annual basis for firms receiving a payment based on gross sales of the Columbia Funds (other than the Money Market Funds) attributable to the financial intermediary. The Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may make payments in materially larger amounts or on a basis materially different from those described above when dealing with other affiliates of Bank of America. Such increased payments to the other Bank of America affiliate may enable the other Bank of America affiliate to offset credits that it may provide to its customers in order to avoid having such customers pay fees to multiple Bank of America entities in connection with the customer’s investment in a Columbia Fund.
As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates had agreed to make marketing support payments to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
Recipients of Marketing Support Payments from the Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates
• | AIG Advisor Group | • | Linsco/Private Ledger Corp. | |||
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. | • | Mellon Financial Markets, LLC | |||
• | AXA Advisors, LLC | • | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company | |||
• | Banc of America Investment Services, Inc.* | • | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated* | |||
• | Banc of America Securities LLC* | • | Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated | |||
• | Bank of America, N.A.* | • | MSCS Financial Services, LLC | |||
• | Bank of New York | • | National Financial Services LLC | |||
• | Citibank, N.A. | • | Pershing LLC | |||
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. | • | Prudential Investment Management Services, LLC | |||
• | Commonwealth Financial Network | • | Raymond James & Associates, Inc. | |||
• | Custodial Trust Company | • | Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. | |||
• | Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc. | • | SEI Investments Inc. | |||
• | Genworth Financial, Inc. | • | State Street Global Markets, LLC | |||
• | Goldman, Sachs & Co. | • | Transamerica Corporation | |||
• | GunAllen Financial, Inc. | • | UBS Financial Services Inc. | |||
• | Harris Corporation | • | US Bank National Association | |||
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Co. | • | Wachovia Securities LLC | |||
• | J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc. | • | Webster Investment Services, Inc. | |||
• | J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp. | • | Wells Fargo Corporate Trust Services | |||
• | Liberty Life Insurance Co. | • | Wells Fargo Funds Management LLC | |||
• | Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp. | • | Wells Fargo Investments, LLC |
* | Bank of America affiliate |
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The Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
Other Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, from its own resources, may provide additional compensation to certain financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Funds to the extent not prohibited by laws or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Such compensation provided by the Distributor may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in and/or present at financial intermediary-sponsored conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other financial intermediary employees, financial intermediary entertainment and other financial intermediary-sponsored events, and travel expenses, including lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with prospecting, retention and due diligence trips. The Distributor makes payments for entertainment events it deems appropriate, subject to the Distributor’s internal guidelines and applicable law. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event.
Your financial intermediary may charge you fees or commissions in addition to those disclosed in this SAI. You should consult with your financial intermediary and review carefully any disclosure your financial intermediary provides regarding its services and compensation. Depending on the financial arrangement in place at any particular time, a financial intermediary and its financial consultants may have a financial incentive for recommending a particular fund or a particular share class over other funds or share classes. See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information.
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CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Description of the Trust’s Shares
The Funds offer shares in the classes shown in the table below. Subject to certain limited exceptions discussed in each Fund’s prospectuses, a Fund may no longer be accepting new investments from current shareholders or prospective investors. Class B shares of the Funds are closed to new investments, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. Additional Class B shares of the Funds will be issued only in connection with (i) reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions in Class B shares of the Funds by the Funds’ existing Class B shareholders and (ii) exchanges by shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Columbia Fund for Class B shares of the Funds. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds for details. The Funds, however, may at any time and without notice, offer any of these classes to the general public for investment.
The Trust’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (Declaration of Trust) permits it to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of each Fund, without par value, and to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of that Fund without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interests in that Fund and to divide such shares into classes. Each share of a class of a Fund represents an equal proportional interest in that Fund with each other share in the same class and is entitled to such distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to that Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Board. However, different share classes of a Fund pay different distribution amounts, because each share class has different expenses. Each time a distribution is made, the net asset value per share of the share class is reduced by the amount of the distribution.
Share Classes Offered by the Funds
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares* | Class C Shares | Class T Shares | Class Z Shares | |||||||||||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund | ü | ü | ü |
* | Class B shares of the Funds are closed to new investments, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. Additional Class B shares of the Funds will be issued only in connection with (i) reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions in Class B shares of the Funds by the Funds’ existing Class B shareholders and (ii) exchanges by shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Columbia Fund for Class B shares of the Funds. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Funds for details. |
Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares
There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of the Funds’ shares, other than the possible future termination of the Funds. The Funds may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or by liquidation and distribution of their assets. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, the Fund will continue indefinitely.
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Liability
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Trust’s Declaration of Trust disclaims any shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Funds and the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by a Fund or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of Fund property for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of a Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances (which are considered remote) in which a Fund would be unable to meet its obligations and the disclaimer was inoperative.
The risk of a Fund incurring financial loss on account of another series of the Trust also is believed to be remote, because it would be limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer was inoperative and the other series of the Trust was unable to meet its obligations.
Dividend Rights
The shareholders of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared for the Fund. No shares have priority or preference over any other shares of a Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of a Fund, and will be paid pro rata to all shareholders of the Fund (or class) according to the number of shares of the Fund (or class) held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of income dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of a Fund based upon differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan.
Voting Rights and Shareholder Meetings
The Trust is not required to hold annual shareholder meetings, but special meetings may be called for certain purposes. The Trust voluntarily has undertaken to hold a shareholder meeting at which the Board would be elected at least every five years beginning in 2005. Each whole share (or fractional share) outstanding on the record date established in accordance with the Trust’s By-Laws shall be entitled to a number of votes on any matter on which it is entitled to vote equal to the net asset value of the share (or fractional share) in U.S. dollars determined at the close of business on the record date (for example, a share having a net asset value of $10.50 would be entitled to 10.5 votes).
The Trustees may fill any vacancies on the Board except that the Trustees may not fill a vacancy if, immediately after filling such vacancy, less than two-thirds of the Trustees then in office would have been elected to such office by the shareholders. In addition, at such times as less than a majority of the Trustees then in office have been elected to such office by the shareholders, the Trustees must call a meeting of shareholders. Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for the purpose. Except as otherwise disclosed in a Fund’s prospectuses and this SAI, the Trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint their successors.
At any shareholders’ meetings that may be held, shareholders of all series would vote together, irrespective of series, on the election of Trustees, but each series would vote separately from the others on other matters, such as changes in the investment policies of that series or the approval of the management agreement for that series. Shares of the Fund and any other series of the Trust that may be in existence from time to time generally vote together except when required by law to vote separately by fund or by class.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or the Funds, shareholders of the Funds are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the relevant class of shares of the Funds that are available for distribution and to a distribution of any general assets not attributable to a particular investment portfolio that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Board may determine.
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Preemptive Rights
There are no preemptive rights associated with Fund shares.
Conversion Rights
Shareholders have the right, which is subject to change by the Board, to convert or “exchange” shares of one class for another. Such right is outlined and subject to certain conditions set forth in each Fund’s prospectuses.
Redemptions
Each Fund’s dividend, distribution and redemption policies can be found in its prospectuses under the headings Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares and Distributions and Taxes. However, the Board may suspend the right of shareholders to sell shares when permitted or required to do so by law, or compel sales of shares in certain cases.
Sinking Fund Provisions
The Trust has no sinking fund provisions.
Calls or Assessment
All Fund shares are issued in uncertificated form only, and when issued will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.
Other Securities
The Funds do not offer securities other than capital stock.
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PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
An investor may buy, sell and exchange shares in the Funds utilizing the methods, and subject to the restrictions, described in the Funds’ prospectuses. The following information supplements information in the Funds’ prospectuses.
The Funds have authorized one or more broker/dealers to accept buy and sell orders on the Funds’ behalf. These broker/dealers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept buy and sell orders on the Funds’ behalf. The Funds will be deemed to have received a buy or sell order when an authorized broker/dealer, or, if applicable, a broker/dealer’s authorized designee, accepts the order. Customer orders will be priced at each Fund’s net asset value next computed after they are accepted by an authorized broker/dealer or the broker’s authorized designee.
The Trust also may make payment for sales in readily marketable securities or other property if it is appropriate to do so in light of the Trust’s responsibilities under the 1940 Act.
Under the 1940 Act, the Funds may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for shares during any period when (i) trading on the NYSE is restricted by applicable rules and regulations of the SEC; (ii) the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (iii) the SEC has by order permitted such suspension; (iv) an emergency exists as determined by the SEC. (The Funds may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of their shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions).
The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, as a result of which each Fund is obligated to redeem shares, subject to the exceptions listed above, with respect to any one shareholder during any 90-day period, solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of each Fund at the beginning of the period.
Tax-Advantaged Retirement Plans (Retirement Plans)
The Transfer Agent maintains prototype tax-qualified plans, including Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans, for individuals, corporations, employees and the self-employed. The minimum initial Retirement Plan investment is $1,000, applied at the plan level. BANA is the custodian/trustee and plan sponsor of the Columbia Management prototype plans offered through the Distributor. In general a $20 annual fee is charged. Participants in Retirement Plans not sponsored by BANA, not including IRAs, may be subject to an annual fee of $20 unless the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account with the Transfer Agent. Participants in BANA sponsored prototype plans (other than IRAs) who liquidate the total value of their account may also be charged a $20 close-out processing fee payable to the Transfer Agent. The close-out fee applies to plans opened after September 1, 1996. The fee is in addition to any applicable CDSC. The fee will not apply if the participant uses the proceeds to open a Columbia Management IRA Rollover account in any fund distributed by the Distributor, or if the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account. Consultation with a competent financial advisor regarding these Retirement Plans and consideration of the suitability of fund shares as an investment under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or otherwise is recommended.
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
The investors listed below can buy Class A or Class T shares without paying a front-end sales charge.
• | Employees of Bank of America (and its predecessors), its affiliates and subsidiaries. |
• | Trustees of funds advised or administered by the Advisor. |
• | Directors, officers and employees of the Advisor, the Distributor, and their respective successors, any investment sub-advisor and companies affiliated with the Advisor. |
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• | Insurance company separate accounts for the benefit of group retirement plans. |
• | Registered representatives and employees of selling and servicing agents (including their affiliates) that are parties to dealer agreements or other sales arrangements with the Distributor. |
• | Broker/dealers if purchases are in accordance with the internal policies and procedures of the employing broker/dealer and made for their own investment purposes. |
• | Employees or partners of any service provider to the Columbia Funds. |
• | Families of the parties listed above and their beneficial accounts. Family members include: spouses, parents, stepparents, legal guardians, children, stepchildren, fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law. |
• | Individuals receiving a distribution from a Bank of America trust, fiduciary, custodial or other similar account may use the proceeds of that distribution to buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge, as long as the proceeds are invested in the funds within 90 days of the date of distribution. |
• | Registered broker/dealer firms that have entered into a dealer agreement with the Distributor may buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge for their investment account only. |
• | Banks, trust companies and thrift institutions, acting as fiduciaries. |
• | Any shareholder who owned shares of any fund of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000 (when all of the then outstanding shares of Columbia Acorn Trust were re-designated Class Z shares) and who since that time has remained a shareholder of any Fund, may buy Class A shares of any Fund without paying a front-end sales charge in those cases where a Columbia Fund Class Z share is not available. |
• | Galaxy Fund shareholders prior to December 1, 1995; and shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Prime A shares without paying a front-end sales charge and received Class A shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Prime A shares were originally bought. |
• | (For Class T shares only) Shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Retail A shares at net asset value and received Class T shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Retail A shares were originally bought; and Boston 1784 Fund shareholders on the date that those funds were reorganized into Galaxy Funds. |
• | Class A, Class E and Class T shares (Class E and Class T shares are not currently open to new investors) of certain funds may also be bought at reduced or no sales charge by clients of dealers, brokers or registered investment advisors that have entered into arrangements with the Distributor pursuant to which the funds are included as investment options in wrap fee accounts, other managed agency/asset allocation accounts or programs involving fee-based compensation arrangements, and by participants in certain retirement plans. |
• | Certain pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plans offered to non-U.S. investors. |
• | At the Fund’s discretion, front-end sales charges may be waived for shares issued in plans of reorganization, such as mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Columbia Funds are a party. |
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale from any Columbia Fund Class A, B, C or T shares within 365 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds. The purchase must be made into an account for the same owner but does not need to be into the same Columbia Fund from which the shares were sold. The reinstatement privilege does not apply to any shares bought through a previous reinstatement. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request within 365 days after the shares are sold and purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order.
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Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class T Shares)
Shareholders won’t pay a CDSC in the following circumstances:
Death: CDSCs may be waived on sales following the death of: (i) the sole shareholder on an individual account; (ii) a joint tenant on an account; or (iii) the beneficiary of a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA), Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) or other custodial account. If the account is transferred to an account registered in the name of the deceased’s estate, the CDSC will be waived on any sale from the estate account. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then a sale is requested, the applicable CDSC will be charged.
Disability: CDSCs may be waived on sales after the sole shareholder on an individual account or a joint tenant on a joint tenant account becomes disabled (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the Code). To be eligible for such a waiver: (i) the disability must arise after the account is opened and (ii) a letter from a physician must be signed under penalty of perjury stating the nature of the disability. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then shares are sold, the applicable CDSC will be charged.
Death of a trustee: CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring upon dissolution of a revocable living or grantor trust following the death of the sole trustee where: (i) the grantor of the trust is the sole trustee and the sole life beneficiary, (ii) death occurs following the purchase, and (iii) the trust document provides for the dissolution of the trust upon the trustee’s death. If the account is transferred to a new registration (including that of a successor trustee), the applicable CDSC will be charged upon any subsequent sale.
Health savings accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Bank of America affiliates.
Medical payments: Upon request by a shareholder, CDSCs may be waived on (i) shares sold for medical payments that exceed 7.5% of income and (ii) distributions made to pay for insurance by an individual who has separated from employment and who has received unemployment compensation under a federal or state program for at least twelve weeks.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring pursuant to a SWP established with the Transfer Agent, to the extent that the sales do not exceed, on an annual basis, 12% of the account’s value as long as distributions are reinvested. Otherwise, a CDSC will be charged on SWP sales until this requirement is met.
Qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares (except for Class B shares) sold by certain group retirement plans held in omnibus accounts.
Redemptions under certain retirement plans and accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with distributions from qualified retirement plans, government (Section 457) plans, individual retirement accounts or custodial accounts under Section 403(b)(7) of the Code following normal retirement or the attainment of age 59 1/2.
Loans from qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with loans from qualified retirement plans to shareholders.
Accounts liquidated by Distributor: CDSCs may be waived for shares sold under the Distributor’s right to liquidate a shareholder’s account, including but not limited to instances where the aggregate net asset value of Class A, Class B or Class C shares held in the account is less than the minimum account size.
Returns of excess contributions: CDSCs may be waived on sales required to return excess contributions made to retirement plans or individual retirement accounts, so long as the financial intermediary returns the applicable portion of any commission paid by the Distributor.
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Return of commission: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by intermediaries that are part of the Columbia Funds selling group where the intermediary has entered into an agreement with Columbia Funds not to receive (or to return if received) all or any applicable portion of an upfront commission.
Plans of reorganization: At a Fund’s discretion, CDSCs may be waived for shares issued in connection with plans of reorganization, such as mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Fund is a party.
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance
The Funds are required to comply with various anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Consequently, the Funds may request additional required information from you to verify your identity. Your application will be rejected if it does not contain your name, social security number, date of birth and permanent street address. If at any time the Funds believe a shareholder may be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of suspicious persons, the Funds may choose not to establish a new account or may be required to “freeze” a shareholder’s account. The Funds also may be required to provide a governmental agency with information about transactions that have occurred in a shareholder’s account or to transfer monies received to establish a new account, transfer an existing account or transfer the proceeds of an existing account to a governmental agency. In some circumstances, the law may not permit the Funds to inform the shareholder that it has taken the actions described above.
The share price of each Fund is based on each Fund’s net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (which is usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time unless the NYSE closes earlier) on each day the Funds are open for business, unless the Board determines otherwise.
The value of each Fund’s portfolio securities for which a market quotation is available is determined in accordance with the Trust’s valuation procedures. In general terms, the valuation procedures provide that domestic exchange traded securities (other than NASDAQ listed equity securities) generally will be valued at their last traded sale prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. If no sales of those securities are reported on a particular day on the principal exchange, the securities generally will be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. Securities traded on a foreign securities exchange will generally be valued at their last sale prices on the exchange where the securities are primarily traded, or in the absence of a reported sale on a particular day, at their bid prices (in the case of securities held long) or ask prices (in the case of securities held short) as reported by that exchange. Securities traded primarily on NASDAQ will generally be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (NOCP) (which is the last trade price at or before 4:00:02 p.m. (Eastern Time) adjusted up to NASDAQ’s best bid price if the last trade price is below such bid price or adjusted down to NASDAQ’s best ask price if the last trade price is above such ask price). If no NOCP is available, the security will generally be valued at the last sale price shown on NASDAQ prior to the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. If no sale price is shown on NASDAQ, the latest bid price will be used. If no sale price is shown and no latest bid price is available, the price will be deemed “stale” and the value will be determined in accordance with the Funds’ fair valuation procedures.
Securities not traded upon any exchange will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices based upon quotes furnished by the appropriate market makers. If quoted prices are unavailable or are believed to be inaccurate, market values will generally be determined based on quotes obtained from one or more broker(s) or dealer(s) or based on a price obtained from a reputable independent pricing service.
Financial futures will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price. Forward foreign currency contracts will generally be valued using market quotations from a widely used quotation system that reflects the
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current cost of covering or off-setting the contract. Exchange traded options will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price on their exchange. If there is no reported sale on the valuation date, the options will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices.
Over-the-counter derivatives will generally be valued at fair value in accordance with the Funds’ fair valuation procedures.
Repurchase agreements will generally be valued at a price equal to the amount of the cash invested in the repurchase agreement at the time of valuation. The market value of the securities underlying a repurchase agreement will be determined in accordance with the procedures above, as appropriate, for the purpose of determining the adequacy of collateral.
Shares of open-end investment companies held in each Fund’s portfolio will generally be valued at the latest net asset value reported by the investment company.
Debt securities will generally be valued by a pricing service which may employ a matrix or other indications of value, including but not limited to broker quotes, to determine valuations for normal institutional size trading units. The matrix can take into account various factors including, without limitation, bids, yield spreads, and/or other market data and specific security characteristics (e.g., credit quality, maturity and coupon rate). Debt securities for which a pricing service does not furnish valuations and for which market quotations are readily available will generally be valued based on the mean of the latest bid prices obtained from one or more dealers. Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less will, absent unusual circumstances, be valued at amortized cost.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available for any reason, including that the latest quotation is deemed unreliable or unreasonable, securities and other assets and liabilities are valued at “fair value” as determined in good faith by the Advisor’s valuation committee. In general, any one or more of the following factors may be taken into account in determining fair value: the fundamental analytical data relating to the security; the value of other financial instruments, including derivative securities, traded on other markets or among dealers; trading volumes on markets, exchanges, or among dealers; values of baskets of securities traded on other markets; changes in interest rates; observations from financial institutions; government (domestic or foreign) actions or pronouncements; other news events; information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies; nature and expected duration of the event, if any, giving rise to the valuation issue; pricing history of the security; the relative size of the position in the portfolio; and other relevant information.
With respect to securities traded on foreign markets, the following factors also may be relevant: the value of foreign securities traded on other foreign markets; ADR trading; closed-end fund trading; foreign currency exchange activity; and the trading of financial products that are tied to baskets of foreign securities, such as World Equity Benchmark SharesTM.
The Board has determined, and the valuation procedures provide, that in certain circumstances it may be necessary to use an alternative valuation method, such as in-kind redemptions with affiliated benefit plans where the Department of Labor requires that valuation to be done in accordance with Rule 17a-7 of the 1940 Act.
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The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Funds’ prospectuses entitled Distributions and Taxes. The prospectuses generally describe the U.S. federal income tax treatment of distributions by the Funds. This section of the SAI provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as in effect as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. Except as specifically set forth below, the following discussion does not address any state, local or foreign tax matters.
A shareholder’s tax treatment may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion applies only to shareholders holding Fund shares as capital assets within the meaning of the Code. Except as otherwise noted, it may not apply to certain types of shareholders who may be subject to special rules, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders holding Fund shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) Plan Accounts or Individual Retirement Accounts), financial institutions, broker- dealers, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, persons who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States, shareholders holding Fund shares as part of a hedge, straddle, or conversion transaction, and shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.
The Trust has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the IRS as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion and the discussions in the prospectuses applicable to each shareholder address only some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Funds. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors and financial planners regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in a Fund, the application of state, local, or foreign laws, and the effect of any possible changes in applicable tax laws on their investment in the Funds.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
It is intended that each Fund qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. Each Fund will be treated as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to each Fund, even though each Fund is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, each Fund will separately determine its income, gains, losses, and expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, each Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year generally from (i) dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, and other income attributable to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) and (ii) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, as defined below. In general, for purposes of this 90% gross income requirement, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (y) that derives at least 90% of its income from the passive income sources defined in Code Section 7704(d), and (z) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in clause (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules do not apply to a regulated investment company, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
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Each Fund must also diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the fair market value of its total assets consists of (A) cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and (B) securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (A)) to the extent such securities do not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and are not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of the securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (i)(A)), the securities of two or more issuers the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, for purposes of meeting this diversification requirement, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” includes the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership and in the case of a Fund’s investments in loan participations, the Fund shall treat both the financial intermediary and the issuer of the underlying loan as an issuer. The qualifying income and diversification requirements described above may limit the extent to which a Fund can engage in certain derivative transactions.
In addition, each Fund generally must distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for the taxable year, which generally includes its ordinary income and the excess of any net short- term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income (if any) for the taxable year.
If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any of the investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) it distributes to its shareholders (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). Each Fund generally intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and substantially all of its net capital gain. However, no assurance can be given that a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation. Any investment company taxable income retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates.
In addition, although each Fund generally intends to distribute all of its net capital gain, a Fund may determine to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of a Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.
In determining its net capital gain for Capital Gain Dividend purposes, a regulated investment company generally must treat any net capital loss or any net long-term capital loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year. Treasury Regulations permit a regulated investment company, in determining its taxable income, to elect to treat all or part of any net capital loss, any net long-term capital loss or any foreign currency loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year.
In order to comply with the distribution requirements described above applicable to regulated investment companies, a Fund generally must make the distributions in the same taxable year that it realizes the income and gain, although in certain circumstances, a Fund may make the distributions in the following taxable year in respect of income and gains from the prior taxable year. Shareholders generally are taxed on any distributions from a Fund in the year they are actually distributed. If a Fund declares a distribution to shareholders of record in October, November or December of one calendar year and pays the distribution by January 31 of the following calendar year, however, the Fund and its shareholders will be treated as if the Fund paid the distribution by December 31 of the earlier year.
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If, for any taxable year, a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment under the Code, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation without any deduction for its distributions to shareholders, and all distributions from the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (including any distributions of its net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains) to its shareholders will be taxable to shareholders as dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company.
Excise Tax
If a Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for that year (excluding capital gains and losses) and 98% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for net ordinary losses) for the 1-year period ending on October 31 of that year, and any of its ordinary income and capital gain net income from previous years that were not distributed during such years, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, a Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. Each Fund generally intends to actually distribute or be deemed to have distributed substantially all of its ordinary income and capital gain net income, if any, by the end of each calendar year and, thus, expects not to be subject to the excise tax. However, no assurance can be given that a Fund will not be subject to the excise tax. Moreover, each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, if the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by a Fund).
Capital Loss Carryforwards
Subject to certain limitations, a Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any year to offset its capital gains, if any, realized during the eight years following the year of the loss. A Fund’s capital loss carryforward is treated as a short-term capital loss in the year to which it is carried. If future capital gains are offset by carried forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to fund-level U.S. federal income taxation, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. Accordingly, the Funds do not expect to distribute any such offsetting capital gains. The Funds cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.
Equalization Accounting
Each Fund may use the so-called “equalization method” of accounting to allocate a portion of its “accumulated earnings and profits,” which generally equals a Fund’s undistributed net investment income and realized capital gains, with certain adjustments, to redemption proceeds. This method permits a Fund to achieve more balanced distributions for both continuing and redeeming shareholders. Although using this method generally will not affect a Fund’s total returns, it may reduce the amount of income and gains that the Fund would otherwise distribute to continuing shareholders by reducing the effect of redemptions of Fund shares on Fund distributions to shareholders. The IRS has not sanctioned the particular equalization method used by the Funds, and thus a Fund’s use of this method may be subject to IRS scrutiny.
Taxation of Fund Investments
In general, realized gains or losses on the sale of securities held by a Fund will be treated as capital gains or losses, and long-term capital gains or losses if the Fund has held or is deemed to have held the securities for more than one year at the time of disposition.
If a Fund purchases a debt obligation with original issue discount (OID) (generally a debt obligation with an issue price less than its stated principal amount, such as a zero-coupon bond), the Fund may be required to annually include in its income a portion of the OID as ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive
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cash payments for such discount until maturity or disposition of the obligation. Inflation-protected bonds generally can be expected to produce OID income as their principal amounts are adjusted upward for inflation. In general, gains recognized on the disposition of (or the receipt of any partial payment of principal on) a debt obligation (including a municipal obligation) purchased by a Fund at a market discount, generally at a price less than its principal amount, will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of market discount which accrued, but was not previously recognized pursuant to an available election, during the term that the Fund held the debt obligation. A Fund generally will be required to make distributions to shareholders representing the OID or market discount (if an election is made by the Fund to accrue market discount over the holding period of the applicable debt obligation) on debt securities that is currently includible in income, even though the cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund. Cash to pay such distributions may be obtained from borrowing or from sales proceeds of securities held by a Fund which the Fund otherwise might have continued to hold; obtaining such cash might be disadvantageous for the Fund.
In addition, payment-in-kind securities similarly will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though a Fund receives no cash interest payment on the security during the year. A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations (such as high-yield corporate debt securities) may not (and interest paid on debt obligations owned by a Fund that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.
If a Fund invests in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default, special tax issues may exist for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether a Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation and, if so, the amount of market discount the Fund should recognize, when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
If an option granted by a Fund is sold, lapses or is otherwise terminated through a closing transaction, such as a repurchase by the Fund of the option from its holder, the Fund generally will realize a short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund in the closing transaction. Some capital losses realized by a Fund in the sale, exchange, exercise or other disposition of an option may be deferred if they result from a position that is part of a “straddle,” discussed below. If securities are sold by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a covered call option granted by it, the Fund generally will add the premium received to the sale price of the securities delivered in determining the amount of gain or loss on the sale. If securities are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased.
Some regulated futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity, listed options that may be used by a Fund will be deemed “Section 1256 contracts.” A Fund will be required to “mark to market” any such contracts held at the end of the taxable year by treating them as if they had been sold on the last day of that year at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on all dispositions of Section 1256 contracts, including deemed dispositions under the “mark-to-market” rule, generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the remaining 40% will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss as described below. These provisions may require a Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule and the “60%/40%” rule and may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on certain futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity options.
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Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by a Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts and similar instruments relating to foreign currency, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. Under future Treasury Regulations, any such transactions that are not directly related to a Fund’s investments in stock or securities (or its options contracts or futures contracts with respect to stock or securities) may have to be limited in order to enable the Fund to satisfy the 90% qualifying income test described above. If the net foreign exchange loss exceeds a Fund’s net investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year, the resulting ordinary loss for such year will not be available as a carryforward and thus cannot be deducted by the Fund or its shareholders in future years.
Offsetting positions held by a Fund involving certain derivative instruments, such as forwards, futures and options contracts, may be considered, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to constitute “straddles.” “Straddles” are defined to include “offsetting positions” in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment of “straddles” is governed by Section 1092 of the Code which, in certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Section 1256. If a Fund is treated as entering into a “straddle” and at least one (but not all) of the Fund’s positions in derivative contracts comprising a part of such straddle is governed by Section 1256 of the Code, described above, then such straddle could be characterized as a “mixed straddle.” A Fund may make one or more elections with respect to “mixed straddles.” Depending upon which election is made, if any, the results with respect to a Fund may differ. Generally, to the extent the straddle rules apply to positions established by a Fund, losses realized by the Fund may be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in any offsetting positions. Moreover, as a result of the straddle rules, short-term capital loss on straddle positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gain may be characterized as short-term capital gain. In addition, the existence of a straddle may affect the holding period of the offsetting positions. As a result, the straddle rules could cause distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the applicable holding period requirements (as described below). Furthermore, the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense and carrying charges applicable to a position that is part of a straddle, including any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry any positions that are part of a straddle. The application of the straddle rules to certain offsetting Fund positions can therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, and may result in significant differences from the amount, timing and character of distributions that would have been made by the Fund if it had not entered into offsetting positions in respect of certain of its portfolio securities.
If a Fund enters into a “constructive sale” of any appreciated financial position in stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt instruments, the Fund will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to that position. A constructive sale of an appreciated financial position occurs when a Fund enters into certain offsetting transactions with respect to the same or substantially identical property, including, but not limited to: (i) a short sale; (ii) an offsetting notional principal contract; (iii) a futures or forward contract; or (iv) other transactions identified in future Treasury Regulations. The character of the gain from constructive sales will depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the appreciated financial position. Losses realized from a sale of a position that was previously the subject of a constructive sale will be recognized when the position is subsequently disposed of. The character of such losses will depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the position beginning with the date the constructive sale was deemed to have occurred and the application of various loss deferral provisions in the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not apply to certain closed transactions, including if such a transaction is closed on or before the 30th day after the close of the Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged throughout the 60-day period beginning with the day such transaction was closed.
The amount of long-term capital gain a Fund may recognize from certain derivative transactions with respect to interests in certain pass-through entities is limited under the Code’s constructive ownership rules. The
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amount of long-term capital gain is limited to the amount of such gain the Fund would have had if the Fund directly invested in the pass-through entity during the term of the derivative contract. Any gain in excess of this amount is treated as ordinary income. An interest charge is imposed on the amount of gain that is treated as ordinary income.
If a Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Similar consequences may apply to repurchase and other derivative transactions. Similarly, to the extent that a Fund makes distributions of income received by the Fund in lieu of tax-exempt interest with respect to securities on loan, such distributions will not constitute exempt-interest dividends (defined below) to shareholders.
In addition, a Fund’s transactions in securities and certain types of derivatives (e.g., options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swap agreements) may be subject to other special tax rules, such as the wash- sale rules or the short-sale rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, and/or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
Certain of a Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, as well as any of its foreign currency transactions and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If a Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If a Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
Rules governing the U.S. federal income tax aspects of derivatives, including swap agreements, are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain respects. Accordingly, while each Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid fund-level tax. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for a Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which a Fund will be able to engage in certain derivatives transactions.
A Fund may invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under an IRS notice, and Treasury Regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Fund’s income (including income allocated to the Fund from a pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt shareholders, as noted under Tax-Exempt Shareholders below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh
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plan or certain other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax.
“Passive foreign investment companies” (PFICs) are generally defined as foreign corporations where at least 75% of their gross income for their taxable year is income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, certain rents and royalties, or capital gains) or at least 50% of their assets on average produce such passive income. If a Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and interest charges on “excess distributions” received from the PFIC or on gain from the sale of such equity interest in the PFIC, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. Excess distributions and gain from the sale of interests in PFICs may be characterized as ordinary income even though, absent the application of PFIC rules, these amounts may otherwise have been classified as capital gain.
A Fund will not be permitted to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for these special taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to a PFIC. Elections may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections would require a Fund to include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC (in the case of a “QEF election”), or to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in its interests in the PFIC “to the market” as though the Fund had sold and repurchased such interests on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year, treating such gains and losses as ordinary income and loss (in the case of a “mark-to-market election”). The QEF and mark-to-market elections may require a Fund to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require a Fund to liquidate other investments prematurely to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return. Each Fund may attempt to limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to minimize tax liability and/or maximize returns from these investments but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC in advance of acquiring shares in the corporation, a Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income, as defined below.
In addition to the investments described above, prospective shareholders should be aware that other investments made by a Fund may involve complex tax rules that may result in income or gain recognition by the Fund without corresponding current cash receipts. Although each Fund seeks to avoid significant noncash income, such noncash income could be recognized by a Fund, in which case the Fund may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above. In this regard, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate investments prematurely in order to satisfy its minimum distribution requirements, which may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return.
Taxation of Distributions
Except for exempt-interest dividends (defined below) paid by a Fund, distributions paid out of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund, generally are deemed to be taxable distributions and must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file a U.S. federal income tax return. Dividends and distributions on a Fund’s shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains. Such realized income and gains may be
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required to be distributed even when the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Fund’s earnings and profits, described above, are determined at the end of the Fund’s taxable year and are allocated pro rata to distributions paid over the entire year. Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares and then as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of his or her shares. A Fund may make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits to a limited extent, from time to time.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income (except for exempt-interest dividends, defined below) are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain (to the extent such distributions do not exceed the Fund’s actual net long-term capital gain for the taxable year), regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares, and do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income (defined below). Each Fund will designate Capital Gain Dividends, if any, in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.
Some states will not tax distributions made to individual shareholders that are attributable to interest a Fund earns on direct obligations of the U.S. government if the Fund meets the state’s minimum investment or reporting requirements, if any. Investments in GNMA or FNMA securities, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for tax-free treatment. This exemption may not apply to corporate shareholders.
Sales and Exchanges of Fund Shares
If a shareholder sells or exchanges his or her Fund shares, he or she generally will realize a taxable capital gain or loss on the difference between the amount received for the shares (or deemed received in the case of an exchange) and his or her tax basis in the shares. This gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if he or she has held (or is deemed to have held) such Fund shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange, and short-term capital gain or loss otherwise.
If a shareholder sells or exchanges Fund shares within 90 days of having acquired such shares and if, as a result of having initially acquired those shares, he or she subsequently pays a reduced sales charge on a new purchase of shares of the Fund or a different regulated investment company, the sales charge previously incurred in acquiring the Fund’s shares generally shall not be taken into account (to the extent the previous sales charges do not exceed the reduction in sales charges on the new purchase) for the purpose of determining the amount of gain or loss on the disposition, but generally will be treated as having been incurred in the new purchase. Also, if a shareholder realizes a loss on a disposition of Fund shares, the loss will be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that he or she purchases substantially identical shares within the 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. Any disallowed loss generally will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the purchased shares.
If a shareholder receives a Capital Gain Dividend or is deemed to receive a distribution of long-term capital gain with respect to any Fund share and such Fund share is held or treated as held for six months or less, then (unless otherwise disallowed) any loss on the sale or exchange of that Fund share will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the Capital Gain Dividend or deemed long-term capital gain distribution. If shares of a Fund are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends (defined below) received on those shares.
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Foreign Taxes
Amounts realized by a Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to file an annual election with the IRS pursuant to which the Fund may pass through to its shareholders on a pro rata basis foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund with respect to foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum holding periods specified in the Code and such taxes may be claimed, subject to certain limitations, either as a tax credit or deduction by the shareholders. It is not expected that any of the Funds will qualify for this election.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Rates
As of the date of this SAI, the maximum stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to individuals generally is 35% for ordinary income and 15% for net long-term capital gain. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced - in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets - for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, U.S. federal income tax law also provides for a maximum individual U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” equal to the highest net long-term capital gain rate, which, as described above, generally is 15%. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. In general, “qualified dividend income” is income attributable to dividends received by a Fund from certain domestic and foreign corporations, as long as certain holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund with respect to the dividend-paying corporation’s stock and by the shareholders with respect to the Fund’s shares. If 95% or more of a Fund’s gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) constitutes qualified dividend income, all of its distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be generally treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of individual shareholders, as long as they have owned their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund’s ex-dividend date (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date) and meet certain other requirements specified in the Code. In general, if less than 95% of a Fund’s income is attributable to qualified dividend income, then only the portion of the Fund’s distributions that is attributable to qualified dividend income and designated as such in a timely manner will be so treated in the hands of individual shareholders who meet the aforementioned holding period requirements. The rules regarding the qualification of Fund distributions as qualified dividend income are complex, including the holding period requirements. Individual Fund shareholders therefore are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners. Fixed income funds, such as the Funds, typically do not distribute significant amounts of qualified dividend income.
The maximum stated corporate U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and net capital gain is 35%. Actual marginal tax rates may be higher for some shareholders, for example, through reductions in deductions. Naturally, the amount of tax payable by any taxpayer will be affected by a combination of tax laws covering, for example, deductions, credits, deferrals, exemptions, sources of income and other matters. U.S. federal income tax rates are set to increase in future years under various “sunset” provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws.
Backup Withholding
Each Fund generally is required to withhold, and remit to the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain exemptions, an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds (including proceeds from exchanges and redemptions in-kind) paid or credited to a Fund shareholder if (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with a correct “taxpayer identification number” (TIN) or has not certified to the Fund that withholding does not apply or (2) the IRS notifies the Fund that the shareholder’s TIN is incorrect or the shareholder is otherwise subject to backup withholding. These backup withholding rules may also apply to distributions that are properly designated
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as exempt-interest dividends (defined below). This backup withholding is not an additional tax imposed on the shareholder. The shareholder may apply amounts required to be withheld as a credit against his or her future U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can also be subject to IRS penalties. The rate of backup withholding is set to increase for amounts distributed or paid after December 31, 2010.
Tax-Deferred Plans
The shares of a Fund may be available for a variety of tax-deferred retirement and other tax-advantaged plans and accounts. Prospective investors should contact their tax advisors and financial planners regarding the tax consequences to them of holding Fund shares through such plans and/or accounts.
Corporate Shareholders
Subject to limitations and other rules, a corporate shareholder of a Fund may be eligible for the dividends- received deduction on Fund distributions attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations, which, if received directly by the corporate shareholder, would qualify for such a deduction. For eligible corporate shareholders, the dividends-received deduction may be subject to certain reductions, and a distribution by a Fund attributable to dividends of a domestic corporation will be eligible for the deduction only if certain holding period and other requirements are met. These requirements are complex; therefore, corporate shareholders of the Funds are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners.
As discussed above, a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations that a Fund may own may not be deductible to the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on these obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend. In such cases, if the issuer of the obligation is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the dividend portion of such interest.
Foreign Shareholders
For purposes of this discussion, “foreign shareholders” generally include: (i) nonresident alien individuals, (ii) foreign trusts (i.e., a trust other than a trust with respect to which a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over administration of that trust and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control substantial decisions of that trust), (iii) foreign estates (ie., the income of which is not subject to U.S. tax regardless of source), and (iv) foreign corporations.
Generally, unless an exception applies, dividend distributions made to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends and exempt-interest dividends (defined below) will be subject to non-refundable U.S. federal income tax withholding at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income tax treaty) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding. However, generally, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010 (and for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 if pending legislation (discussed below) is enacted), distributions made to foreign shareholders and properly designated by a Fund as “interest-related dividends” are exempt from U.S. federal income tax withholding. The exemption for interest-related dividends does not apply to any distribution to a foreign shareholder (i) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer; (ii) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iii) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation. Interest-related dividends are generally attributable to the Fund’s net U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder. In order to qualify as an interest-related dividend, the Fund must designate a distribution as such in a written notice mailed to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a distribution described above is “effectively connected”
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with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the recipient foreign shareholder, neither U.S. federal income tax withholding nor the exemption for interest-related dividends will apply. Instead, the distribution will be subject to the tax, reporting and withholding requirements generally applicable to U.S. persons, and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the recipient foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation.
In general, a foreign shareholder’s capital gains realized on the disposition of Fund shares, distributions properly designated as Capital Gain Dividends and, with respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2010 (and for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 if pending legislation (discussed below) is enacted), “short-term capital gain dividends” (defined below) are not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, unless: (i) such gains or distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the foreign shareholder; or (ii) in the case of an individual foreign shareholder, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the disposition of Fund shares or the receipt of Capital Gain Dividends or short-term capital gain dividends and certain other conditions are met. If the requirements of clause (i) are met, the tax, reporting and withholding requirements applicable to U.S. persons generally will apply to the foreign shareholder and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation. If the requirements of clause (i) are not met, but the requirements of clause (ii) are met, such gains and distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income tax treaty). “Short-term capital gain dividends” are distributions attributable to a Fund’s net short-term capital gain in excess of its net long-term capital loss and designated as such by the Fund in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.
Pending legislation proposes to extend the exemptions from withholding for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends for one additional year (i.e., for dividends with respect to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2010 but before January 1, 2011). However, as of the date of this SAI, it is unclear whether such legislation will be enacted and, if enacted, what the terms of the extension will be.
In the case of shares held through an intermediary, even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment, no assurance can be made that the intermediary will respect such a designation, and an intermediary may withhold even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
Even if permitted to do so, each Fund provides no assurance that it will designate any distributions as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends.
Special rules apply to certain distributions to certain foreign shareholders from a regulated investment company that is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC absent exclusions from the definition thereof for interests in domestically controlled REITs or regulated investment companies and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs or regulated investment companies. Additionally, special rules apply to the sale of shares in a regulated investment company that is a USRPHC. Generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds U.S. real property interests (“USRPIs”) — USRPIs are defined generally as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHC — the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States and other assets. The Funds generally do not expect that they will be USRPHCs or would be USRPHCs but for certain of the above-mentioned exceptions and thus do not expect that these special tax rules will apply.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its foreign status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers in this regard.
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Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. In addition, additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and foreign estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Under current law, a Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) UBTI from being realized by tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
It is possible that a tax-exempt shareholder will also recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes excess inclusion income (as described above) derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Furthermore, any investment in residual interests of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax- exempt organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT, as defined in Section 664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a Fund to the extent that it recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund and the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which the IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. Each Fund has not yet determined whether such an election will be made. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in a Fund.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury Regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to Tax-Exempt Funds
If, at the close of each quarter of a regulated investment company’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of obligations the interest on which is exempt from U.S. federal income tax under
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Section 103(a) of the Code, then the regulated investment company may qualify to pay “exempt-interest dividends” and pass through to its shareholders the tax-exempt character of its income from such obligations. Each of the Funds intends to so qualify and is designed to provide shareholders with a high level of income in the form of exempt- interest dividends, which are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax.
Distributions of capital gains or income not attributable to interest on a Fund’s tax-exempt obligations will not constitute exempt-interest dividends and will be taxable to shareholders as described earlier.
Not later than 60 days after the close of its taxable year, each Fund will notify its shareholders of the portion of the distributions for the taxable year which constitutes exempt-interest dividends. In general, if an amount of a Fund’s distribution designated as an exempt-interest dividend exceeds the Fund’s net-exempt interest, the amount so qualifying as tax-exempt will be scaled back ratably to the amount of its net-exempt income. In such a case, each Fund shareholder must proportionately reduce the amount of the dividend it treats as tax-exempt, and will generally include the excess income as a taxable dividend to the extent of certain disallowed deductions and thereafter as a return of capital. The deductibility of interest paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of a Fund may be limited. The portion of such interest that is non-deductible generally equals the amount of such interest times the ratio of the Fund’s exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder to all of the Fund’s dividends received by the shareholder (excluding Capital Gain Dividends and any capital gains required to be included in the shareholder’s long term capital gains in respect of capital gains retained by the Fund, as described earlier).
Although exempt-interest dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax, there may not be a similar exemption under the laws of a particular state or local taxing jurisdiction. Thus, exempt-interest dividends may be subject to state and local taxes; however, each of the state-specific Funds invests at least 80% of its net assets in municipal bonds that pay interest that is exempt not only from U.S. federal income tax, but also from the applicable state’s personal income tax (but not necessarily local taxes or taxes of other states). You should consult your tax advisor to discuss the tax consequences of your investment in a Fund.
Tax-exempt interest on certain “private activity bonds” has been designated as a “tax preference item” and must be added back to taxable income for purposes of calculating U.S. federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”). To the extent that a Fund invests in certain private activity bonds, its shareholders will be required to report that portion of the Fund’s distributions attributable to income from the bonds as a tax preference item in determining their U.S. federal AMT, if any. Shareholders will be notified of the tax status of distributions made by a Fund. Persons who may be “substantial users” (or “related persons” of substantial users) of facilities financed by private activity bonds should consult their tax advisors before purchasing shares in a Fund. In addition, exempt-interest dividends paid by a Fund to a corporate shareholder are included in the shareholder’s “adjusted current earnings” as part of its U.S. federal AMT calculation. As of the date of this SAI, individuals are subject to the U.S. federal AMT at a maximum rate of 28% and corporations at a maximum rate of 20%. Shareholders with questions or concerns about the U.S. federal AMT should consult their own tax advisors.
Ordinarily, a Fund relies on an opinion from the issuer’s bond counsel that interest on the issuer’s obligation will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. However, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not successfully challenge such exemption, which could cause interest on the obligation to be taxable and could jeopardize a Fund’s ability to pay exempt-interest dividends. Similar challenges may occur as to state-specific exemptions. Also, from time to time legislation may be introduced or litigation may arise that would change the treatment of exempt-interest dividends. Such litigation or legislation may have the effect of raising the state or other taxes payable by shareholders on such dividends. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors for the current law on exempt-interest dividends.
A shareholder who receives Social Security or railroad retirement benefits should consult his or her tax advisor to determine what effect, if any, an investment in a Fund may have on the federal taxation of such benefits. Exempt-interest dividends are included in income for purposes of determining the amount of benefits that are taxable.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of January 29, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “principal holder” (i.e., owns of record or is known by the Trust to own beneficially 5% or more of any class of a Fund’s outstanding shares) is listed below.
Principal Holder Ownership of the Funds
Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class A | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 2,011,221.5400 | 5.57% | |||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 50,703.0000 | 8.42% | |||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7th FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 45,871.6290 | 7.62% | |||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | NFS LLC FEBO MARGARITO RICO TTEE MARGARITO RICO LIVINGTRUST PO BOX 515 NORCO, CA 92860-0515 | 32,036.8200 | 5.32% | |||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 1,500,155.5310 | 36.91% | |||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 290,930.2280 | 7.16% |
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Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
CA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 11,665,596.3360 | 88.69% | |||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund- Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 797,628.1630 | 7.95% | |||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 106,957.1700 | 13.84% | |||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 377,553.8060 | 22.93% | |||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 100,239.1890 | 6.09% | |||||||
CT Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | PERSHING LLC PO BOX 2052 JERSEY CITY, NJ 07303-2052 | 94,050.7650 | 5.71% | |||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 69,995.8470 | 9.76% |
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Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 68,298.5450 | 9.52% | |||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | PO-TUNG TU & SHUCHEN TU 7 KIMBERLY CT MARSHFIELD, MA 02050-6218 | 39,416.6770 | 5.50% | |||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 259,114.9870 | 19.37% | |||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 197,211.8180 | 14.74% | |||||||
MA Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 97,220.0710 | 7.27% | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class A | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 769,263.8740 | 10.91% | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 669,988.2980 | 9.50% | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 133,695.7880 | 13.18% | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 108,370.6390 | 10.69% |
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Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class B | NFS LLC FEBO FERNE BROWNELL TTEE FERNE BROWNELL LIVING TRUST 204 N RIDGE RUN MANCHESTER CTR, VT 05255-9141 | 52,286.8990 | 5.16% | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 499,617.5240 | 38.62% | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 239,555.0500 | 18.52% | |||||||
NY Tax-Exempt Fund- Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 132,622.7700 | 10.25% | |||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 86,928.2730 | 18.65% | |||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | NFS LLC FEBO GILDA Y SPIVAK 2633 ELM DR N BELLMORE, NY 11710-1303 | 24,927.2110 | 5.35% | |||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATOR 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 491,815.1810 | 28.57% | |||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 86,322.3070 | 5.01% |
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Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class T | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS 101 MONTGOMERY ST SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-4151 | 67,604.6430 | 6.70% | |||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 13,239,968.2870 | 92.83% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | NFS LLC FEBO KENNETH D POLIVY 120 GORDON RD WABAN, MA 02468-1227 | 184,699.1520 | 11.45% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC CUST ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 101 MONTGOMERY ST SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-4151 | 139,956.6580 | 8.67% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | NFS LLC FEBO LONGA VITA CORPORATION C/O KESEV CORP. 2000 COMMONWEALTH AVE. AUBURNDALE, MA 02466-2004 | 98,290.2210 | 6.09% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | FIRST CLEARING LLC VINCENT BISCEGLIA TTEE VINCENT BISCEGLIA TRUST 139 WHARTON ROAD GROTON, MA 01450-4244 | 97,977.7310 | 6.07% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 93,272.6690 | 5.78% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 10,698.2010 | 10.10% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT SVCS PO BOX 9446 MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55474-0001 | 8,863.5170 | 8.37% |
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Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | NFS LLC FEBO HOWARD F CASEY 103 SCHOOL ST UNIT 4 CONCORD, NH 03301-3820 | 7,564.6570 | 7.14% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 7,199.9240 | 6.80% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | NFS LLC FEBO J LEONARD SCHATZ 25 GREYSTONE CT BURLINGTON, MA 01803-3823 | 5,572.6440 | 5.26% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 188,538.4610 | 22.02% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO. HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 58,384.9110 | 6.82% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | FIRST CLEARING LLC KEVIN J MCCARTHY 36 MINUTEMAN RD MEDFIELD, MA 02052-1444 | 57,798.7690 | 6.75% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class T | NFS LLC FEBO KAREN K DER 8 LENOX CIR ANDOVER, MA 01810-5429 | 334,941.7790 | 9.04% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class T | NFS LLC FEBO ERIC R COSMAN 872 CONCORD AVE BELMONT, MA 02478-1604 | 293,745.5180 | 7.93% | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class T | NFS LLC FEBO MURIEL HUROVITZ 1111 BEACON ST APT 37 BROOKLINE, MA 02446-5518 | 220,053.0760 | 5.94% |
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Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
MA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 25,287,086.7470 | 94.68% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 426,207.9210 | 40.69% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | NFS LLC FEBO 12 HEMLOCK LTD PARTNERSHIP A PARTNERSHIP CHRISTOPHER K OHARA 44 SYLVAN, RD N WESTPORT, CT 06880-2942 | 111,031.0950 | 10.60% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class A | CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC CUST ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 101 MONTGOMERY ST SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94101-4151 | 56,506.6550 | 5.39% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 39,569.8200 | 23.44% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | NFS LLC FEBO NANETTE GANDELMAN 2 COACH LN WESTPORT, CT 06880-2107 | 11,880.5030 | 7.04% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class B | NFS LLC FEBO HIDEKO HARA DUNN JAN D DUNN 75 INVERNESS CT CHESHIRE, CT 06410-3548 | 10,486.8490 | 6.21% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 3 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 194,004.2820 | 25.54% |
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Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | MORGAN STANLEY & CO HARBORSIDE FINANCIAL CENTER PLAZA II, 3RD FL JERSEY CITY, NJ 07311 | 67,554.2200 | 8.89% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC. ATTN PETER BOOTH 7TH FL 333 W 34TH ST NEW YORK, NY 10001-2402 | 54,989.1160 | 7.24% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund- Class C | NFS LLC FEBO ANN L BURSTEIN ANN ROGOFF 1 CAMPBELL AVE APT 67 WEST HAVEN, CT 06516-8907 | 42,046.3790 | 5.53% |
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As of January 29, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “control person” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of a Fund because it owns greater than 25% of the outstanding shares, either beneficially or by virtue of its fiduciary or trust roles or otherwise, is shown below. A controlling person’s vote could have a more significant effect on matters presented to shareholders for approval than the vote of other Fund shareholders.
Control Person Ownership of the Funds
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||
Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 13,239,968.2870 | 88.40% | |||||||
CA Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 25,287,086.7470 | 76.66% | |||||||
NJ Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 5,810,558.3440 | 72.62% | |||||||
NY Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 21,413,535.6260 | 79.64% | |||||||
CT Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 18,284,111.9980 | 80.41% | |||||||
RI Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FL DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 7,723,501.4550 | 83.38% |
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APPENDIX A — DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITIES RATINGS
This Appendix summarizes the various descriptions of securities ratings applicable to securities purchased by the Columbia Funds Family. Please refer to a Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information to determine whether that Fund may invest in securities that have ratings described in this Appendix.
STANDARD & POOR’S (S&P)
Bonds
The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P for bonds. The ratings AAA, AA, A and BBB denote investment grade securities.
AAA bonds have the highest rating assigned by S&P and are considered to have an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
AA bonds are considered to have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and they differ from AAA only in small degree.
A bonds are considered to have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB bonds are considered to have an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC and C bonds are considered to have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or large exposures to adverse conditions.
BB bonds are considered to have less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, they face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B bonds are considered to have a greater vulnerability to default but currently have the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB — rating.
CCC bonds are considered to have a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the bonds are not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B — rating.
CC rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
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C rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC — debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation, for example, where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.
CI rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D bonds are in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Municipal Notes
SP-1. Notes rated SP-1 are considered to have very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designated as SP-1+.
SP-2. Notes rated SP-2 are considered to have satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.
Notes due in three years or less normally receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years normally receive a bond rating, although the following criteria are used in making that assessment:
Amortization schedule (the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely the issue will be rated as a note).
Source of payment (the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be rated as a note).
Commercial Paper
A. Issues assigned this highest rating are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are further refined with the designations 1, 2, and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety.
A-1. Issues assigned to this rating are considered to have overwhelming or very strong capacity for timely payment. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designed A-1+.
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY’S) Municipal Bonds
Aaa bonds are considered to be of the best quality. They are considered to have the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge”. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair a fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa bonds are considered to be of high quality by all standards. Together with Aaa bonds they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities. Those bonds in the Aa through B groups that Moody’s believes possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols Aa1, A1 or Baa1.
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A bonds are considered to possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered to be upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment at some time in the future.
Baa bonds are considered to be medium grade obligations: they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and, in fact, have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba bonds are considered to have speculative elements: their future cannot be considered as well secured. Often, the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times in the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this grade.
B bonds are considered generally to lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa bonds are considered to be of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca bonds are considered to represent obligations that are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C bonds are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Conditional Ratings. Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operating experience, (c) rentals which begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting conditions attach. Parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of basis of condition.
Corporate Bonds
The description of the applicable rating symbols (Aaa, Aa, A, Baa, etc.) and their meanings is identical to that of the Municipal Bond ratings as set forth above, except for the numerical modifiers. Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in the Aa and A classifications of its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a midrange ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issuer ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Municipal Notes
MIG 1. This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2. This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3. This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for, but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
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Commercial Paper
Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
Prime-1 Highest Quality
Prime-2 Higher Quality
Prime-3 High Quality
If an issuer represents to Moody’s that its commercial paper obligations are supported by the credit of another entity or entities, Moody’s, in assigning ratings to such issuers, evaluates the financial strength of the indicated affiliated corporations, commercial banks, insurance companies, foreign governments, or other entities, but only as one factor in the total rating assessment.
FITCH, INC. (FITCH)
Long-Term Debt
Investment Grade Bond Ratings
AAA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and/or dividends and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A bonds are considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than debt securities with higher ratings.
BBB bonds are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest or dividends and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these securities and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for securities with higher ratings.
Speculative Grade Bond Ratings
BB bonds are considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified, which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B bonds are considered highly speculative. While securities in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
CCC bonds are considered to have certain identifiable characteristics that, if not remedied, may lead to default The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business and economic environment.
CC bonds are considered to be minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or principal seems probable over time.
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C bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, and D bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments. Such securities are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for recovery on these securities and D represents the lowest potential for recovery.
Plus (+) or minus (-): Plus or minus signs are used to show relative standing within the major rating categories. Plus and minus signs, however, are not used in the DDD, DD, or D categories.
Short-Term Debt
Fitch’s short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and investment notes.
F-1+ obligations have exceptionally strong credit quality and are considered to have the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1 obligations are considered to reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+.
F-2 obligations are considered to have good credit quality. Securities in this class have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+ and F-1 ratings.
F-3 obligations are considered to have characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for timely payment is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could cause these securities to be rated below investment grade.
F-S rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a minimal degree of assurance for timely payment and to be vulnerable to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
B obligations are considered to have a minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and a susceptibility to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.
C rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a high default risk and whose capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D obligations are in actual or imminent payment default.
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APPENDIX B — PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Last Review Date: | March 2009 | |
Applicable Regulatory Authority: | Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 | |
Form N-PX | ||
ERISA Department of Labor Bulletin 08-2 | ||
Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (SEC No Action Letter dated September 15, 2004) |
Explanation/Summary of Regulatory Requirements
An investment adviser that exercises voting authority over clients’ proxies must adopt written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that those proxies are voted in the best economic interests of clients. An adviser’s policies and procedures must address how the adviser resolves material conflicts of interest between its interests and those of its clients. An investment adviser must comply with certain record keeping and disclosure requirements with respect to its proxy voting responsibilities. In addition, an investment adviser to Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) accounts has an affirmative obligation to vote proxies for an ERISA account, unless the client expressly retains proxy voting authority.
Policy Summary
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”) has adopted and implemented the following policy, which it believes is reasonably designed to: (1) ensure that proxies are voted in the best economic interest of clients; and (2) address material conflicts of interest that may arise. This policy applies primarily to the Global Wealth and Investment Management (“GWIM”) Investment Operations Group, the Investment groups (particularly, Equity and Chief Investment Officer’s Office), as well as to Compliance Risk Management (“CRM”) and Legal. CRM and Business groups to which this policy directly applies must adopt written procedures to implement this Policy.
Policy
All proxies regarding client securities for which CMA has authority to vote will, unless CMA determines in accordance with policies stated below to refrain from voting, be voted in a manner considered by CMA to be in the best interest of CMA’s clients without regard to any resulting benefit or detriment to CMA, its associates, or its affiliates. The best interest of clients is defined for this purpose as the interest of enhancing or protecting the economic value of client accounts, considered as a group rather than individually, as CMA determines in its sole and absolute discretion. In the event a client believes that its other interests require a different vote, CMA will vote as the client clearly instructs, provided CMA receives such instructions in time to act accordingly. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential. Therefore, the information may be shared on a need to know basis only, including within CMA and with CMA affiliates. Advisory clients, including mutual funds’ and other funds’ boards, may obtain information on how their proxies were voted by CMA. However, CMA will not selectively disclose its investment company clients’ proxy voting records to third parties. Rather, the investment company clients’ proxy records will be disclosed to shareholders by publicly-available annual filings for 12-month periods ending each year on June 30th on Form N-PX.
CMA endeavors to vote, in accordance with this Policy, all proxies of which it becomes aware prior to the vote deadline date, subject to certain general exceptions described below.
CMA seeks to avoid the occurrence of actual or apparent material conflicts of interest in the proxy voting process by voting in accordance with predetermined voting guidelines and observing other procedures that are intended to prevent where practicable and manage conflicts of interest (refer to Conflicts of Interest section below). CMA’s proxy voting policy and practices are summarized in its Form ADV. Additionally, CMA will provide clients with a copy of its policies, as they may be updated from time to time, upon request.
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Means of Achieving Compliance
The Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations is primarily responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the proxy voting process. The Proxy Group’s monitoring will take into account the following elements: (1) periodic review of the proxy vendor’s votes to ensure that the proxy vendor is accurately voting consistent with CMA’s Voting Guidelines; and (2) review of the Columbia Funds’ fund website to ensure that annual proxy voting reports are posted in a timely and accurate manner. CMA has established a Proxy Committee which is responsible for overseeing the proxy voting process.
The specific responsibilities of the Proxy Committee and scope of its oversight are described in the Proxy Committee’s charter.
CMA’S INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES’ RESPONSIBILITIES
Under CMA’s Voting Guidelines, certain matters must be determined on a case-by-case basis. In general, the Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations will refer these matters first to the relevant CMA research analyst after first confirming that the proxy matter does not present a potential conflict to CMA. If there is not a research analyst assigned to the particular security, the matter will be referred to the appropriate portfolio manager.
In considering a particular proxy matter, the research analyst or portfolio manager must vote in the clients’ best interest as defined above. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential information. Therefore, research analysts and portfolio managers generally must not discuss proxy votes with any person outside of CMA and within CMA except on a need to know basis only.
Research analysts and portfolio managers must discharge their responsibilities consistent with the obligations set forth below (refer to Management of Conflicts of Interest — Additional Procedures). A research analyst or portfolio manager must disclose in writing any inappropriate attempt to influence their recommendation or any other personal interest that they have with the issuer (see Appendix B — Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form). For each Proxy Referral (defined below), the research analyst or portfolio manager is responsible for memorializing their recommendation on the Proxy Voting Recommendation Form (see Appendix C) and communicating their recommendation to the Proxy Group.
Research analysts and portfolio managers should seek advice from CRM or Legal with respect to any questions that they have regarding personal conflicts of interests, communications regarding proxies, or other related matters.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
For purposes of this policy, a material conflict of interest is a relationship or activity engaged in by CMA, a CMA affiliate1, or a CMA associate that creates an incentive (or appearance thereof) to favor the interests of CMA, the affiliate, or associate, rather than the clients’ interests. However, a material conflict of interest is not automatically created when there is a relationship or activity engaged in by a CMA affiliate, but there is a possibility that a CMA affiliate could cause a conflict. CMA may have a conflict of interest if either CMA has a significant business relationship with a company that is soliciting a proxy, or if a CMA associate involved in the proxy voting decision-making process has a significant personal or family relationship with the particular
1 | Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”), the ultimate corporate parent of CMA, Bank of America, N.A. and all of their numerous affiliates owns, operates and has interests in many lines of business that may create or give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest between BAC or its affiliates and those of CMA-advised clients. For example, the commercial and investment banking business lines may have interests with respect to issuers of voting securities that could appear to or even actually conflict with CMA’s duty, in the proxy voting process, to act in the best economic interest of its clients. |
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company. A conflict of interest is considered to be “material” to the extent that a reasonable person could expect the conflict to influence CMA’s decision on the particular vote at issue. In all cases where there is deemed to be a material conflict of interest, CMA will seek to resolve said conflict in the clients’ best interests.
For those proxy proposals that: (1) are not addressed by CMA’s proxy voting guidelines; (2) the guidelines specify the issue must be evaluated and determined on a case-by-case basis; or (3) a CMA investment associate believes that an exception to the guidelines may be in the best economic interest of CMA’s clients (collectively, “Proxy Referrals”), CMA may vote the proxy, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures set forth below.
In the case of Proxy Referrals, CRM identifies companies with which CMA has significant business relationships and Proxy Referrals of such companies will be voted consistent with CMA’s conflicts management procedures described below. For Proxy Referrals that do not involve companies with which CMA has a significant business relationship the relevant CMA investment personnel (i.e. research analyst, portfolio manager, members of Proxy Committee) involved in the particular Proxy Referral must report any personal conflict of interest circumstances (e.g., relationships with nominees for directorship, members of an issuer’s or
dissident’s management or otherwise, unusual communications with parties outside the investment organization concerning a proxy matter) to Columbia Management’s Conflicts of Interest Officer in writing (see Appendix B). In the event any member of the Proxy Committee has a conflict of interest regarding a given matter, he or she will abstain from participating in the Committee’s determination of whether and/or how to vote in the matter.
If the Proxy Committee, the Chairperson of the Proxy Committee, or the Conflicts Officer determines that a proxy matter presents a material conflict of interest, CMA will invoke one or more of the following conflict management procedures:
• | Causing the proxies to be voted in accordance with the recommendations of an independent third party (which generally will be CMA’s proxy voting agent); |
• | Causing the proxies to be delegated to a qualified, independent third party, which may include CMA’s proxy voting agent; or |
• | In unusual cases, with the Client’s consent and upon ample notice, forwarding the proxies to CMA’s clients so that they may vote the proxies directly. |
Affiliate Investment Companies and Public Companies
CMA considers (1) proxies solicited by open-end and closed-end investment companies for which CMA or an affiliate serves as an investment adviser or principal underwriter; and (2) proxies solicited by Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”) or other public companies within the BAC organization to present a material conflict of interest for CMA. Consequently, the proxies of such affiliates will be voted following one of the conflict management practices discussed above.
Management of Conflicts of Interest — Additional Procedures
In certain circumstances, CMA follows the proxy guidelines and uses other research services provided by the proxy vendor or another independent third party. CMA reviews its proxy vendor’s conflicts of interest procedures as part of its oversight of the proxy vendor’s services.
CMA and other BAC affiliates have adopted various other policies and procedures that help reinforce this Policy. Please see any associated documents.
Ownership Limits — Delegation of Proxy Voting to an Independent Third Party
From time to time, CMA may face regulatory or compliance limits on the types or amounts of voting securities that it may purchase or hold for client accounts. Among other limits, federal, state, foreign regulatory restrictions, or company-specific ownership limits may restrict the total percentage of an issuer’s voting securities that CMA can hold for clients (collectively, “Ownership Limits”).
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The regulations or company-specific documents governing a number of these Ownership Limits often focus upon holdings in voting securities. As a result, in limited circumstances in order to comply with such Ownership Limits and/or internal policies designed to comply with such limits, CMA may delegate proxy voting in certain issuers to a qualified, independent third party, who may be CMA’s proxy voting agent.
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
A. CMA’s Proxy Voting Guidelines — General Practices.
The Proxy Committee has adopted the guidelines for voting proxies specified in Appendix A of this policy. CMA uses an independent, third-party proxy vendor to implement its proxy voting process as CMA’s proxy voting agent. In general, whenever a vote is solicited, the proxy vendor will execute the vote according to CMA’s Voting Guidelines.
B. Ability to Vote Proxies Other than as Provided by Voting Guidelines.
A Portfolio Manager or other party involved with a client’s account may conclude that the best interest of the firm’s client, as defined above, requires that a proxy be voted in a manner that differs from the predetermined proxy Voting Guidelines. In this situation, he or she will request in writing that the Proxy Committee consider voting the proxy other than according to such Guidelines and provide information as the Proxy Committee may request. The Proxy Committee may consider the matter, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures discussed above.
C. Other Proxy Matters
For the following categories, proxies will be voted as stated below:
1. | New Proposals. For certain new proposals that are expected to be proposed to shareholders of multiple companies, the Proxy Committee may develop a Voting Guideline which will be incorporated into this Policy. |
2. | Accounts Adhering to Taft Hartley Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to Taft Hartley principles will be voted according to the Taft Hartley Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor. |
3. | Accounts Adhering to Socially Responsible Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to socially responsible principles will be voted according to the Socially Responsible Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client. |
4. | Proxies of International Issuers. In general, CMA will refrain from voting securities in cases where international issuers impose share blocking restrictions. However, in the exceptional circumstances that CMA determines that it would be appropriate to vote such securities, all proposals for these securities will be voted only on the specific instruction of the Proxy Committee and to the extent practicable in accordance with the Voting Guidelines set forth in this Policy. Additionally, proxies will typically not be voted in markets where powers of attorney are required to be executed in order to vote shares. |
5. | Proxies of Investment Company Shares. Proposals on issues other than affiliated investment companies (previously described) will be voted on the specific instruction of the Proxy Committee. |
6. | Proxy Referrals for Passive Index Accounts. Proxy Referrals for a security that is held only within a passive index account managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and not in any other account within CMA, shall be voted according to the guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client. However, if a security is held within a passive index account |
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managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and within another CMA-managed account (including without limitation an account actively managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group), all proposals, including Proxy Referrals, will be voted in accordance with the Voting Guidelines, subject to the other provisions of this Policy. |
7. | Proxy Voting for Securities on Loan. CMA generally votes in cases where shares have been loaned from actively managed Columbia Funds as long as the shares have been recalled in a timely manner. However, CMA generally does not vote shares that have been loaned from passively managed Columbia Index Funds. Other CMA clients may have their own stock loan programs and may or may not recall their shares for proxy voting. |
Supervision
Managers and supervisory personnel are responsible for ensuring that their associates understand and follow this policy and any applicable procedures adopted by the business group to implement the policy. The Proxy Committee has ultimate responsibility for the implementation of this Policy.
Escalation
With the exception of conflicts of interest-related matters, issues arising under this policy should be escalated to the Proxy Committee. Issues involving potential or actual conflicts of interest should be promptly communicated to the Columbia Management Conflicts Officer.
Monitoring/Oversight
CRM and/or Corporate Internal Audit Group perform periodic reviews and assessments of various lines of businesses, including a review of Columbia Management’s compliance with the Proxy Voting Policy.
Recordkeeping
CMA will create and maintain records of each investment company’s proxy record for 12-month periods ended June 30th. CMA will compile the following information for each matter relating to a portfolio security considered at any shareholder meeting during the period covered by the annual report and for which CMA was entitled to vote:
• | The name of the issuer of the security; |
• | The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security (if symbol is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures number for the portfolio security (if number is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The shareholder meeting date; |
• | A brief identification of the matter voted on; |
• | Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; |
• | Whether the company cast its vote on the matter; |
• | How the company cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding the election of directors); and |
• | Whether the company cast its vote for or against management. |
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Business groups and support partners are responsible for maintaining all records necessary to evidence compliance with this policy. The records must be properly maintained and readily accessible in order to evidence compliance with this policy.
These records include:
Document | Responsible Party | |
Proxy Committee Meeting Minutes and Related Materials | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Proxy Vote Recommendation Form and Supporting Materials of Investment Management Personnel Concerning Proxy Decisions and Recommendations (or any other document created by CMA that was material to making a voting decision or that memorializes the basis for the voting decision) | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Conflicts of Interest Review Documentation, including Conflicts of Interest Forms | Compliance Risk Management | |
Client Communications Regarding Proxy Matters | Client Service Group | |
Copy of Each Applicable Proxy Statement Unless it has been Filed with the SEC and may be Obtained from the SEC’s EDGAR System | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations |
Records should be retained for a period of not less than six years plus the current year. Records must be retained in an appropriate office of CM for the first three years.
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APPENDIX A — CMA’s Proxy Voting Policy CMA’S VOTING GUIDELINES
A. The Proxy Committee has adopted the following guidelines for voting proxies:
1. Matters Relating to the Board of Directors/Corporate Governance
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals for the election of directors or for an increase or decrease in the number of directors, provided that no more than one-third of the Board of Directors would, presently or at any time during the previous three-year period, be from management. |
However, CMA generally will WITHHOLD votes from pertinent director nominees if:
(i) | the board as proposed to be constituted would have more than one-third of its members from management; |
(ii) | the board does not have audit, nominating, and compensation committees composed solely of directors who qualify as being regarded as “independent,” i.e. having no material relationship, directly or indirectly, with the Company, as CMA’s proxy voting agent may determine (subject to the Proxy Committee’s contrary determination of independence or non-independence); |
(iii) | the nominee, as a member of the audit committee, permitted the company to incur excessive non-audit fees (as defined below regarding other business matters — ratification of the appointment of auditors); |
(iv) | a director serves on more than six public company boards; |
(v) | the CEO serves on more than two public company boards other than the company’s board. |
On a CASE-BY-CASE basis, CMA may WITHHOLD votes for a director nominee who has failed to observe good corporate governance practices or, through specific corporate action or inaction (e.g. failing to implement policies for which a majority of shareholders has previously cast votes in favor), has demonstrated a disregard for the interests of shareholders.
• | Proposals requesting that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committee be composed solely of independent directors. The Audit Committee must satisfy the independence and experience requirements established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the New York Stock Exchange, or appropriate local requirements for foreign securities. At least one member of the Audit Committee must qualify as a “financial expert” in accordance with SEC rules. |
• | Proposals to declassify a board, absent special circumstances that would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by a classified board structure. |
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to create or eliminate positions or titles for senior management. CMA generally prefers that the role of Chairman of the Board and CEO be held by different persons unless there are compelling reasons to vote AGAINST a proposal to separate these positions, such as the existence of a counter¬balancing governance structure that includes at least the following elements in addition to applicable listing standards: |
• | Established governance standards and guidelines. |
• | Full board composed of not less than two-thirds “independent” directors, as defined by applicable regulatory and listing standards. |
• | Compensation, as well as audit and nominating (or corporate governance) committees composed entirely of independent directors. |
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• | A designated or rotating presiding independent director appointed by and from the independent directors with the authority and responsibility to call and preside at regularly and, as necessary, specially scheduled meetings of the independent directors to be conducted, unless the participating independent directors otherwise wish, in executive session with no members of management present. |
• | Disclosed processes for communicating with any individual director, the presiding independent director (or, alternatively, all of the independent directors, as a group) and the entire board of directors, as a group. |
• | The pertinent class of the Company’s voting securities has out-performed, on a three-year basis, both an appropriate peer group and benchmark index, as indicated in the performance summary table of the Company’s proxy materials. This requirement shall not apply if there has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within the three-year period. |
• | Proposals that grant or restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause. |
• | Proposals to permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that encourage directors to own a minimum amount of company stock. |
• | Proposals to provide or to restore shareholder appraisal rights. |
• | Proposals to adopt cumulative voting. |
• | Proposals for the company to adopt confidential voting. |
CMA will generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for majority voting thresholds for director elections unless the company has adopted formal corporate governance principles that present a meaningful alternative to the majority voting standard and/or provides an adequate response to both new nominees as well as incumbent nominees who fail to receive a majority of votes cast.
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to classify boards, absent special circumstances indicating that shareholder interests would be better served by a classified board structure. |
• | Proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board without shareholder approval. |
• | Proposals that provide directors may be removed only by supermajority vote. |
• | Proposals to eliminate cumulative voting. |
• | Proposals which allow more than one vote per share in the election of directors. |
• | Proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that mandate a minimum amount of company stock that directors must own. |
• | Proposals to limit the tenure of non-management directors. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis in contested elections of directors.
CMA generally will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on board approved proposals relating to corporate governance. Such proposals include, but are not limited to:
• | Reimbursement of proxy solicitation expenses taking into consideration whether or not CMA was in favor of the dissidents. |
• | Proxy contest advance notice. CMA generally will vote FOR proposals that allow shareholders to submit proposals as close to the meeting date as possible while allowing for sufficient time for Company response, SEC review, and analysis by other shareholders. |
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• | CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis to indemnify directors and officers, and AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors. |
• | CMA will vote FOR the indemnification of internal auditors, unless the costs associated with the approval are not disclosed. |
2. Compensation
CMA generally will vote FOR management sponsored compensation plans (such as bonus plans, incentive plans, stock option plans, pension and retirement benefits, stock purchase plans or thrift plans) if they are consistent with industry and country standards. However, CMA generally is opposed to compensation plans that substantially dilute ownership interest in a company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have objectionable structural features. Specifically, for equity-based plans, if the proposed number of shares authorized for option programs (excluding authorized shares for expired options) exceeds an average of 5% of the currently outstanding shares over the previous three years or an average of 3% over the previous three years for directors only, the proposal should be referred to the Proxy Committee. The Committee will then consider the circumstances surrounding the issue and vote in the best interest of CMA’s clients. CMA requires that management provide substantial justification for the repricing of options.
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals requiring that executive severance arrangements be submitted for shareholder ratification. |
• | Proposals asking a company to expense stock options. |
• | Proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote. |
• | Employee stock purchase plans that have the following features: (i) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value, (ii) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less, and (iii) dilution is 10% or less. |
• | Proposals for the remuneration of auditors if no more than 25% of the compensation costs comes from non audit activity. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price, or that permit replacing or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals to authorize the replacement or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals requesting that plan administrators have advance authority to amend the terms of a plan without detailed disclosure of the specific amendments. When sufficient details are provided on the amendments permitted by the advance authority, CMA will recommend on such proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals regarding approval of specific executive severance arrangements.
3. Capitalization
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to increase the authorized shares for stock dividends, stock splits (and reverse stock splits) or general issuance, unless proposed as an anti-takeover measure or a general issuance proposal increases the authorization by more than 30% without a clear need presented by the company. Proposals for reverse stock splits should include an overall reduction in authorization. |
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For companies recognizing preemptive rights for existing shareholders, CMA generally will vote FOR general issuance proposals that increase the authorized shares by more than 30%. CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis all such proposals by companies that do not recognize preemptive rights for existing shareholders.
• | Proposals for the elimination of authorized but unissued shares or retirement of those shares purchased for sinking fund or treasury stock. |
• | Proposals to institute/renew open market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms. |
• | Proposals to reduce or change the par value of common stock, provided the number of shares is also changed in order to keep the capital unchanged. |
CMA will evaluate on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals regarding:
• | Management proposals that allow listed companies to de-list and terminate the registration of their common stock. CMA will determine whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by giving consideration to: |
• | Whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly traded. |
• | Cash-out value |
• | Balanced interests of continuing vs. cashed-out shareholders |
• | Market reaction to public announcement of transaction |
4. Mergers, Restructurings and Other Transactions
CMA will review, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, business transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations, liquidations, spinoffs, buyouts and sale of all or substantially all of a company’s assets.
5. Anti-Takeover Measures
CMA generally will vote AGAINST proposals intended largely to avoid acquisition prior to the occurrence of an actual event or to discourage acquisition by creating a cost constraint. With respect to the following measures, CMA generally will vote as follows:
Poison Pills
• | CMA votes FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification. |
• | CMA generally votes FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate a poison pill. |
• | CMA generally votes AGAINST management proposals to ratify a poison pill. |
Greenmail
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or to otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments. |
Supermajority vote
• | CMA will vote AGAINST board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures such as supermajority voting provisions, issuance of blank check preferred stock, the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights and charter amendments adopting control share acquisition provisions. |
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Control Share Acquisition Provisions
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes. |
6. Other Business Matters
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Bylaw amendments giving holders of at least 25% of outstanding common stock the ability to call a special meeting of stockholders. |
• | Board governance document amendments or other proposals which give the lead independent director the authority to call special meetings of the independent directors at any time. |
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to approve routine business matters such as changing the company’s name and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting such as approving the minutes of a prior meeting. |
• | Proposals to ratify the appointment of auditors, unless any of the following apply in which case CMA will generally vote AGAINST the proposal: |
• | Credible reason exists to question: |
• | The auditor’s independence, as determined by applicable regulatory requirements. |
• | The accuracy or reliability of the auditor’s opinion as to the company’s financial position. |
• | Fees paid to the auditor or its affiliates for “non-audit” services were excessive, i.e., in excess of the total fees paid for “audit,” “audit-related” and “tax compliance” and/or “tax return preparation” services, as disclosed in the company’s proxy materials. |
• | Bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (e.g., updates or corrections). |
• | Proposals to approve the annual reports and accounts provided the certifications required by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 have been provided. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent or call special meetings. |
• | Proposals providing management with authority to adjourn an annual or special shareholder meeting absent compelling reasons, or to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws without shareholder approval, or to vote unmarked proxies in favor of management. |
• | Shareholder proposals to change the date, time or location of the company’s annual meeting of shareholders. |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Authorization to transact other unidentified substantive (as opposed to procedural) business at a meeting. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | Proposals to change the location of the company’s state of incorporation. CMA considers whether financial benefits (e.g., reduced fees or taxes) likely to accrue to the company as a result of a reincorporation or other change of domicile outweigh any accompanying material diminution of shareholder rights. |
• | Proposals on whether and how to vote on “bundled” or otherwise conditioned proposals, depending on the overall economic effects upon shareholders. |
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CMA generally will ABSTAIN from voting on shareholder proposals predominantly involving social, socio-economic, environmental, political or other similar matters on the basis that their impact on share value can rarely be anticipated with any high degree of confidence. CMA may, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, vote:
• | FOR proposals seeking inquiry and reporting with respect to, rather than cessation or affirmative implementation of, specific policies where the pertinent issue warrants separate communication to shareholders; and |
• | FOR or AGAINST the latter sort of proposal in light of the relative benefits and detriments (e.g. distraction, costs, other burdens) to share value which may be expected to flow from passage of the proposal. |
7. Other Matters Relating to Foreign Issues
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Most stock (scrip) dividend proposals. CMA votes AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value. |
• | Proposals to capitalize the company’s reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase the par value of shares. |
• | Proposals to approve control and profit transfer agreements between a parent and its subsidiaries. |
• | Management proposals seeking the discharge of management and supervisory board members, unless there is concern about the past actions of the company’s auditors/directors and/or legal action is being taken against the board by other shareholders. |
• | Management proposals concerning allocation of income and the distribution of dividends, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
• | Proposals for the adoption of financing plans if they are in the best economic interests of shareholders. |
CMA will generally vote FOR proposals to approve Directors’ Fees, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
CMA will evaluate management proposals to approve protective preference shares for Netherlands located company-friendly foundations proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis and will only support resolutions if:
• | The supervisory board needs to approve an issuance of shares while the supervisory board is independent within the meaning of CMA’s categorization rules and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. |
• | No call/put option agreement exists between the company and the foundation. |
• | There is a qualifying offer clause or there are annual management and supervisory board elections. |
• | The issuance authority is for a maximum of 18 months. |
• | The board of the company-friendly foundation is independent. |
• | The company has disclosed under what circumstances it expects to make use of the possibility to issue preference shares. |
• | There are no priority shares or other egregious protective or entrenchment tools. |
• | The company releases its proxy circular, with details of the poison pill proposal, at least three weeks prior to the meeting. |
• | Art 2:359c Civil Code of the legislative proposal has been implemented. |
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8. Investment Company Matters
Election of Directors:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the election of directors, considering the following factors:
• | Board structure |
• | Attendance at board and committee meetings. |
CMA will WITHHOLD votes from directors who:
• | Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse for the absences. Valid reasons include illness or absence due to company business. Participation via telephone is acceptable. In addition, if the director missed only one meeting or one day’s meetings, votes should not be withheld even if such absence dropped the director’s attendance below 75 percent. |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of shares outstanding; |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal this is approved by a majority of the votes cast for two consecutive years; |
• | Are interested directors and sit on the audit or nominating committee; or |
• | Are interested directors and the full board serves as the audit or nominating committee or the company does not have one of these committees. |
Proxy Contests:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for proxy contests, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance relative to its peers |
• | Market in which fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the pertinent issues (e.g., closed-end fund share market value discount to NAV) |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity and votes on related proposals |
• | Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents |
• | Independence of incumbent directors; director nominees |
• | Experience and skills of director nominees |
• | Governance profile of the company |
• | Evidence of management entrenchment |
Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund:
CMA will vote conversion proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance as a closed-end fund |
• | Market in which the fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the discount |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals. |
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Investment Advisory Agreements:
CMA will vote investment advisory agreements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Proposed and current fee schedules |
• | Fund category/investment objective |
• | Performance benchmarks |
• | Share price performance as compared with peers |
• | Resulting fees relative to peers |
• | Assignments (where the adviser undergoes a change of control) Approving New Classes or Series of Shares: |
Approving New Classes or Series of Shares:
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.
Preferred Stock Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the authorization for or increase in the preferred shares, considering the following factors:
• | Stated specific financing purpose |
• | Possible dilution for common shares |
• | Whether the shares can be used for antitakeover purposes |
Policies Addressed by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”):
CMA will vote proposals regarding adoption or changes of policies addressed by the 1940 Act on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Regulatory developments |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Current and potential risk |
CMA generally will vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with current SEC interpretations.
Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Non-fundamental Restriction:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:
• | Fund’s target investments |
• | Reasons given by the fund for the change |
• | Projected impact of the change on the portfolio |
Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Non-fundamental:
CMA will vote AGAINST proposals to change a fund’s investment objective from fundamental to non-fundamental unless management acknowledges meaningful limitations upon its future requested ability to change the objective
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Name Change Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s name, considering the following factors:
• | Political/economic changes in the target market |
• | Consolidation in the target market |
• | Current asset composition |
Change in Fund’s Subclassification:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s subclassification, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Risk of concentration |
• | Consolidation in target industry |
Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis these proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Strategies employed to salvage the company |
• | Past performance of the fund |
• | Terms of the liquidation |
Changes to the Charter Document:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change the charter document, considering the following factors:
• | The degree of change implied by the proposal |
• | The efficiencies that could result |
• | The state of incorporation; net effect on shareholder rights |
• | Regulatory standards and implications |
CMA will vote FOR:
• | Proposals allowing the Board to impose, without shareholder approval, fees payable upon redemption of fund shares, provided imposition of such fees is likely to benefit long-term fund investors (e.g., by deterring market timing activity by other fund investors) |
• | Proposals enabling the Board to amend, without shareholder approval, the fund’s management agreement(s) with its investment adviser(s) or sub-advisers, provided the amendment is not required by applicable law (including the Investment Company Act of 1940) or interpretations thereunder to require such approval |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals enabling the Board to: |
• | Change, without shareholder approval the domicile of the fund |
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• | Adopt, without shareholder approval, material amendments of the fund’s declaration of trust or other organizational document |
Changing the Domicile of a Fund:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reincorporate, considering the following factors:
• | Regulations of both states |
• | Required fundamental policies of both states |
• | The increased flexibility available |
Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval:
CMA will vote FOR proposals to enable the Board or Investment Adviser to hire and terminate sub-advisers, without shareholder approval, in accordance with applicable rules or exemptive orders under the Investment Company Act of 1940
Distribution Agreements:
CMA will vote these proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives |
• | The proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance |
• | The competitiveness of the fund in the industry |
• | Terms of the agreement |
Master-Feeder Structure:
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.
Mergers:
CMA will vote merger proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Resulting fee structure |
• | Performance of both funds |
• | Continuity of management personnel |
• | Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights |
Shareholder Proposals to Establish Director Ownership Requirement:
CMA will generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While CMA favors stockownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.
Shareholder Proposals to Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses.
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Shareholder Proposals to Terminate the Investment Adviser:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to terminate the investment adviser, considering the following factors:
• | Performance of the fund’s NAV |
• | The fund’s history of shareholder relations |
• | The performance of other funds under the adviser’s management |
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APPENDIX B
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form
Conflict Review Questionnaire for Proxy Voting Working Group Members and Other Individuals Participating in the Proxy Voting Decision-Making Process.
Instructions: Please complete each of the questions. Please provide an explanation for any affirmative responses. Return the completed questionnaire to Columbia Management Conflicts of Interest Officer.
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Issuer and Proxy Matter : |
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1. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any management personnel of the issuer?1 |
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2. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any person participating, supporting, opposing or otherwise connected with the particular proxy proposal (e.g., principals of the issuer; director nominees of issuer company; shareholder activists)? |
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3. | Have you discussed this particular proxy proposal with anyone outside of Columbia Management’s investment group?2 |
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4. | Are you aware of any other potential personal conflicts of interest not described above? Please detail below. |
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Name: |
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Signed: |
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Date: |
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1 | Personal investing in the issuer by you or a member of your immediate family does not require an affirmative response to this item. |
2 | Communications with issuer or solicitors in the regular course of business would not have to be disclosed on this form. |
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APPENDIX C
CMA Proxy Vote Recommendation/Proxy Committee Request Form
Name of Investment Associate:
Company Name:
Overview of Proxy Vote and Meeting Date:
Proxy Agenda Item(s)
Description of Item:
(The above information will be pre-populated by the Proxy Department.)
Recommendation (FOR, AGAINST, ABSTAIN) including brief rationale:
Please attach any supporting information other than analysis or reports provided by the Proxy Department.
Signed
By signing, I am certifying that I either have no conflicts of interest-related information to report or have sent a completed “Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form” to Compliance Risk Management (Conflicts Officer).
Send Completed Forms to:
GWIM Investment Operations — Proxy Department
or
In the case of Proxy Votes to be referred to the Proxy Committee, submit this form and materials to the Chair of the Proxy Committee
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APPENDIX C — DESCRIPTION OF STATE CONDITIONS
STATE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Each Fund’s investments are highly dependent on and sensitive to the general fiscal and economic stability of the state in which the Fund invests, as well as the general fiscal and economic stability of the state’s subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, which issue the securities in which the Fund invests. The following information supplements information set forth in each Fund’s prospectus, constitutes only a brief summary and does not purport to be a complete description of certain state-specific considerations and is provided to investors in view of each Fund’s policy of concentrating its investments in securities issued by issuers of a single state. The information is based on publicly available sources and has not been independently verified by the Advisor. It is expected that the information will be updated only on an annual basis and thus may be out of date at any time that you make an investment decision to purchase or sell shares of a Fund.
To the extent that any statements made below involve matters of forecasts, projections, assumptions, opinions or estimates, whether or not expressly stated to be such, they are made as such and not as representations of fact or certainty, and no representation is made that any of these statements has been or will be realized. All forecasts, projections, assumptions, opinions or estimates are “forward looking statements” that must be read with an abundance of caution and that may not be realized or may not occur in the future.
California
The following information relates specifically to the Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund. This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, this information has been obtained from official statements, prospectuses and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of the State of California (California or the State) and local agencies in California available as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. Further, estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
The Fund is more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of California municipal securities than comparable municipal bond funds that do not focus on investments in California issuers.
General Economic Factors.
California’s economy, the largest among the 50 states and one of the largest and most diverse in the world, has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, agriculture, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction and services. The relative proportion of the various components of the California economy closely resembles the make-up of the national economy.
In the May Revision of the 2008-09 Governor’s Budget released on May 14, 2008 (the 2009-10 May Revision), the California Department of Finance (the Department of Finance) projected that the California economy would contract sharply in calendar year 2009 and grow slowly in 2010, with the State’s unemployment rate increasing in both years.
The national and California economies have slowed further since the 2009-10 May Revision, although there have been an increasing number of signs that the rate of decline is moderating. As of September 2009, unemployment in the State was approximately 12.2%, compared to approximately 7.8% percent in September 2008. The U.S. unemployment rate for September 2009 was approximately 9.8%.
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California, like the rest of the nation, is in a severe economic recession. Personal income fell in the State in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first two quarters of 2009. The 1.8% decline in personal income in the first quarter of 2009 was the largest in California in 40 years. The decline in the second quarter, however, was considerably smaller.
Taxable sales fell sharply in California in the first half of 2009. The total assessed valuation of property in the State is lower in fiscal year 2009-10 than it was in the prior fiscal year. This is the first year-to-year decline in such statewide total since the State began keeping records in 1933. California’s unemployment rate increased from approximately 6.1% at the start of 2008 to approximately 12.2% in September 2009.
The weak economy resulted in a dramatic reduction in California tax revenues during 2008 and 2009. In December 2008, the Governor identified a budget gap between expected revenues and expenditure obligations in excess of $41 billion for the two fiscal years 2008-09 and 2009-10. After protracted negotiations, the California Legislature adopted the February 2009 budget package on February 19, 2009, consisting of revisions to the 2008 Budget Act and the Initial 2009 Budget Act. The package was signed by the Governor on February 20, 2009. This package of bills attempted to address the budget gap through significant expenditure reductions, revenue increases and borrowing. See “The California Budget” below.
By May 2009, continued economic decline with a consequent reduction of revenues, plus the failure of various budget measures placed before the voters at a May 19, 2009 special election ballot, led the Governor to announce that the budget gap for the period through June 30, 2010 was still projected to be more than $22 billion (and subsequently increased to $24 billion). The budget for fiscal year 2008-09 approved by the Governor on February 20, 2009, as amended by revisions enacted on July 28, 2009, together with other related legislation (collectively, the Amended 2009 Budget Act), addressed the $24 billion budget gap projected at the time of its adoption through a combination of revenue enhancements (which were included in the Initial 2009 Budget Act) and significant cuts in a wide variety of programs.
The sharp drop in revenues at the start of the 2008-09 fiscal year resulted in a significant depletion of California’s cash resources to pay the State’s obligations, requiring the State to first defer certain payments and then issue registered warrants in order to manage its cash resources. As a result of the cash pressure facing the State, on December 17, 2008, the Pooled Money Investment Board (PMIB) voted to significantly curtail loans from the State’s Pooled Money Investment Account (PMIA), thereby postponing or stopping thousands of infrastructure projects Statewide. The PMIA customarily funded such loans to provide temporary funding for projects and programs prior to permanent financing through the issuance of State general obligation bonds or lease revenue bonds.
The Governor also ordered unpaid furloughs of State employees each month, commencing on February 1, 2009, as well as layoffs of State agency and department employees. If the three-day-per-month furlough remains in effect for all of fiscal year 2009-10, it is projected to reduce General Fund payroll expenditures by approximately $1.278 billion, or 14% of General Fund payroll expenditures. Various litigation has been brought challenging the furlough program that, if successful, could adversely affect California’s financial condition.
The Legislature adopted a number of bills on or before September 11, 2009 in its regular legislative session and in a special session of the Legislature dealing with fiscal matters.
Recent Developments
On September 30, 2009, the California Supreme Court denied California’s petition for review of the appeals court decision in the case entitled Shaw v. Chiang, which had overturned provisions in the Budget Act for the 2007-08 fiscal year adopted on August 24, 2007 (together with other related budget legislation, the 2007 Budget Act), authorizing use of certain sales and use taxes on vehicle fuels to offset certain transportation-related costs in the General Fund. The matter has been remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with the appeals court decision. The Amended 2009 Budget Act included use of such sales and use taxes for similar purposes, totaling up to $1 billion. See “The California Budget” below.
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On September 30, 2009, the Department of Finance obtained preliminary data on revenue collections for personal income taxes in the month of September 2009 suggesting a shortfall in quarterly estimated payments of nearly $1 billion, or approximately 33% below Department of Finance projections. Some portion of the shortfall could result from incomplete implementation by individuals of new tax policies and rules enacted in February 2009 and from adjustments to estimated tax payments in September 2009 based on final filings of returns for the 2008 tax year. The Department of Finance cannot predict if this apparent shortfall is indicative of full year results.
The Department of Finance released its Finance Bulletin for October 2009 (the October Bulletin), which describes September 2009 receipts on the agency cash basis. Results contained in the October Bulletin take into account the $3 billion reduction to the revenue forecasts contained in the 2009-10 May Revision described herein. This reduction is assumed to occur throughout fiscal year 2009-10 in amounts proportional to current major tax collections, but is not allocated among individual revenue line items. For September 2009, the unallocated revenue reduction was calculated at $331 million, reducing the total General Fund revenue forecast for September 2009 from $9.755 billion to $9.424 billion. Preliminary General Fund agency cash for September 2009 was $8.614 billion, or $810 million below the Amended 2009 Budget Act forecast, which includes the unallocated revenue adjustment. On the same adjusted basis, year-to-date revenues through September 2009 are $948 million below the $20.415 billion forecast.
The October Bulletin noted that September personal income taxes were approximately $1 billion, or approximately 19.4%, below 2009-10 May Revision projections (approximately $1.2 billion, or approximately 11.2%, below projections on a year to date basis). In addition, the October Bulletin stated that September 2009 sales and use tax collections were approximately $53 million, or approximately 2.4%, below projections (approximately $302 million, or approximately 4.5%, below projections on a year to date basis). The October Bulletin also noted that September 2009 corporation taxes were approximately $189 million, or approximately 10.8%, below projections (approximately $61 million, or approximately 3.0%, below projections on a year to date basis).
Legislation enacted November 4, 2009 (SB X7 2) authorizes submission to the voters at the statewide election on November 2, 2010 of a ballot measure to approve the issuance of $11.14 billion in general obligation bonds. The bill specifies that not more than one-half of the bonds may be sold before July 1, 2015. Funds generated by bond sales may be used for a wide variety of purposes including improvement of California’s water supply systems, drought relief and groundwater protection.
Bond Ratings.
Three major credit rating agencies, Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s), Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services (S&P) and Fitch Ratings (Fitch), assign ratings to California long-term general obligation bonds. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal bonds they rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal bonds with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while obligations with the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield.
In July 2009, Fitch lowered its rating assigned to California’s general obligation bonds from A- to BBB, and Moody’s lowered its rating assigned to California’s general obligation bonds from A2 to Baa1. S&P assigns an A rating on California general obligation bonds. All three rating agencies have California debt on a negative watch. It is not possible to determine whether or to what extent Moody’s, S&P or Fitch will change its respective rating on California general obligation bonds in the future.
California’s general obligation bonds currently are rated low in comparison to other rated states in the nation. Lower ratings make it more expensive for the State to raise revenue and, in some cases, could prevent the State from issuing general obligation bonds in the quantity otherwise desired. Additional rating downgrades may negatively impact the marketability and price of securities in the Fund’s portfolio.
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California Finances.
General Fund. California’s moneys are segregated among its General Fund and over 1,000 other funds, including special, bond and trust funds. The General Fund consists of revenues received by the California Treasury (the Treasury) and not required by law to be credited to any other fund, as well as earnings from the investment of California moneys not allocable to another fund. The General Fund is the principal operating fund for the majority of governmental activities and is the depository of most of the major revenue sources of the State. The General Fund may be expended as a consequence of appropriation measures enacted by the California Legislature and approved by the Governor (including the annual Budget Act), as well as appropriations pursuant to various constitutional authorizations and initiative statutes.
Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties. The State maintains a Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties (SFEU), which is funded with General Fund revenues and which was established to protect the State from unforeseen revenue reductions and/or unanticipated expenditure increases. The State Controller (the Controller) may transfer amounts in the SFEU to the General Fund as necessary to meet cash needs of the General Fund and such transfers are characterized as “loans.” The Controller is required to return moneys so transferred without payment of interest as soon as there are sufficient moneys in the General Fund. At the end of each fiscal year, the Controller is required to transfer from the SFEU to the General Fund any amount necessary to eliminate any deficit in the General Fund.
The legislation creating the SFEU (California Government Code Section 16418) also contains a continuous appropriation authorizing the Controller to transfer the unencumbered balance in the General Fund to the SFEU as of the end of each fiscal year. If, however, at the end of any fiscal year in which it has been determined that there are revenues in excess of the amount that may be appropriated, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 2 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution, such transfer must be reduced by the amount of the excess revenues. The estimates of the transfer are made jointly by the State’s Legislative Analyst’s Office (the LAO) and the Department of Finance.
For budgeting and accounting purposes, any appropriation made from the SFEU, other than appropriations contained in California Government Code Section 16418, is deemed an appropriation from the General Fund. For year-end reporting purposes, the Controller is required to add the balance in the SFEU to the balance in the General Fund so as to show the total moneys then available for General Fund purposes.
Budget Stabilization Account. Proposition 58, approved in March 2004, created the Budget Stabilization Account (the BSA) as a second budgetary reserve. Since fiscal year 2006-07, a specified portion of estimated annual General Fund revenues (reaching a ceiling of 3% by fiscal year 2008-09) is transferred by the Controller into the BSA no later than September 30 of each fiscal year unless the transfer is suspended or reduced as described below. Those transfers continue until the balance in the BSA reaches $8 billion or 5% of the estimated General Fund revenues for that fiscal year, whichever is greater. The annual transfer requirement goes back into effect whenever the balance falls below the $8 billion or 5% target. The annual transfers can be suspended or reduced for a fiscal year by an executive order issued by the Governor no later than June 1 of the preceding fiscal year. Proposition 58 also provides that one-half of the annual transfers shall be used to retire Economic Recovery Bonds (ERBs) until a total of $5 billion has been used for that purpose. A total of $1.495 billion of such $5 billion amount has been applied to the retirement of ERBs. See “State Indebtedness — Economic Recovery Bonds” below. The 2007, 2008 and 2009 Budget Acts give the Director of Finance the authority to transfer moneys from the BSA back into the General Fund in an amount determined by the Director of Finance to be sufficient to ensure there is a prudent General Fund balance. Using this authority, the Director of Finance ordered the transfer of the entire balance of $1.495 billion from the BSA to the General Fund to address a fiscal emergency proclaimed by the Governor on January 10, 2008. Once moneys are transferred out of the BSA, pursuant to the authority, they will not be replenished by a future fiscal year’s annual transfer unless the California Legislature, by statute, directs additional funds to be transferred from the General Fund into the BSA. Separate from the foregoing process for a budgetary transfer, the BSA may be used to make temporary loans to the General Fund, which must be repaid when the General Fund has available cash.
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In light of the condition of the General Fund, the Governor issued an Executive Order on May 28, 2008, suspending the fiscal year 2008-09 transfer of $3.018 billion from the General Fund to the BSA, as had been proposed in the 2008-09 Governor’s Budget. Due to a drastic decline in General Fund revenues, the Governor issued an Executive Order on May 29, 2009, suspending the fiscal year 2009-10 transfer estimated at approximately $2.8 billion from the General Fund to the BSA. There are currently no moneys in the BSA.
The California Budget.
The Budget Process. California’s fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30 of the following year. The State’s General Fund budget operates on a legal basis, generally using a modified accrual system of accounting, with revenues credited in the period in which they are measurable and available and expenditures debited in the period in which the corresponding liabilities are incurred. The annual budget is proposed by the Governor by January 10 of each year for the next fiscal year (the Governor’s Budget). Under California law, the annual proposed Governor’s Budget cannot provide for projected expenditures in excess of projected revenues for the ensuing fiscal year. Following the submission of the Governor’s Budget, the California Legislature takes up the proposal. As required by the Balanced Budget Amendment (Proposition 58), the California Legislature may not pass a budget bill in which General Fund expenditures exceed estimated General Fund revenues and fund balances at the time of the passage and as set forth in the budget bill.
Under the California Constitution, money may be drawn from the State Treasury only through an appropriation made by law. The primary source of annual expenditure appropriations is the annual budget act (each, a Budget Act) as approved by the California Legislature and signed by the Governor. Each Budget Act must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote of each house of the California Legislature. The Governor may reduce or eliminate specific line items in a Budget Act or any other appropriations bill without vetoing the entire bill. Such individual line-item vetoes are subject to override by a two-thirds majority vote of each house of the California Legislature.
Appropriations also may be included in legislation other than a Budget Act. Except as noted in the previous paragraph and in the next sentence, bills containing General Fund appropriations must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote in each house of the California Legislature and be signed by the Governor. Bills containing appropriations for K-12 schools or community colleges require only a simple majority vote. Continuing appropriations, available without regard to fiscal year, may also be provided by statute or the California Constitution. Funds necessary to meet an appropriation are not required to be in the State Treasury at the time an appropriation is enacted; revenues may be appropriated in anticipation of their receipt.
The estimates and projections contained in the budgets discussed in the following paragraphs are based on a variety of assumptions. There can be no assurances that the financial condition of California will not be further materially adversely affected by actual conditions or circumstances, including but not limited to lower than expected revenues or higher than expected expenditures.
Budgets for Fiscal Years Prior to Fiscal Year 2007-08. During fiscal year 2001-02, following a half decade of strong economic and revenue growth, as the State and national economies fell into a recession and the stock markets dropped significantly, California experienced an unprecedented drop in revenues compared to the prior fiscal year largely due to reduced personal income taxes from stock option and capital gains activity. During the three fiscal years between fiscal year 2001-02 and fiscal year 2003-04, the State encountered severe budgetary difficulties due to reduced revenues and failure to make equivalent reductions in expenditures, resulting in successive budget deficits. The budgets for these fiscal years included substantial reliance on one-time measures, internal borrowing and external borrowing. The State also faced a cash flow crisis during this period, which was relieved by the issuance of revenue anticipation warrants in June 2002 and June 2003, and the issuance of ERBs in the spring of 2004.
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California’s economy rebounded during the 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07 fiscal years, resulting in substantially higher General Fund revenues in each such fiscal year than had been projected at the start of the fiscal year. This allowed the budgets in these fiscal years to end with substantial positive balances (although the positive balance declined from approximately $9.9 billion at the end of fiscal year 2005-06 to approximately $3.5 billion at the end of fiscal year 2006-07). The State continued to utilize a combination of expenditure cuts, cost avoidance, internal and external borrowing, fund shifts and one-time measures, such as the securitization of tobacco settlement revenues and the sale of ERBs, to produce balanced budgets. The 2005 Budget Act relied much less on one-time measures than the budgets of the immediately preceding fiscal years, but did include receipt of $525 million from the refinancing of tobacco securitization bonds.
Final estimates relating to the 2006-07 fiscal year, as released in the 2007-08 Governor’s Budget in January 2008, showed that the State experienced more favorable results than were projected at the time the 2006 Budget Act was signed. As a result of revised estimates for fiscal years prior to 2005-06 and improved economic results, which generated increases in tax revenues, the General Fund balance at June 30, 2006, was estimated to be approximately $3.487 billion, of which $3.0 billion was in the SFEU, compared to the original 2006 Budget Act estimate of $1.6 billion in the SFEU.
Fiscal Year 2007-08 Budget. The 2007 Budget Act was adopted by the California Legislature on August 21, 2007, together with a number of implementing measures, and signed by the Governor on August 24, 2007. In approving the 2007 Budget Act, the Governor vetoed $943 million in appropriations from the General Fund, special funds and bond funds (including $703 million in General Fund appropriations). Under the 2007 Budget Act as originally enacted, General Fund revenues and transfers were projected to increase 6%, from $95.5 billion in fiscal year 2006-07 to $101.2 billion in fiscal year 2007-08. The 2007 Budget Act contained General Fund appropriations of $102.3 billion, compared to $101.7 billion in fiscal year 2006-07. The 2007 Budget Act also included the largest reserve of any Budget Act in the State’s history, a total of $4.1 billion. The reserve was made so large because the 2007 Budget Act disclosed a number of risks. By the time the 2008-09 Governor’s Budget was released on January 10, 2008, many of these risks had occurred, such that even the planned reserve was not expected to be sufficient to keep the budget in balance through June 30, 2008. Accordingly, the Governor called a special session of the California Legislature, which took a series of actions to close the budget gap, and the Governor took certain additional actions not requiring legislative action.
Fiscal Year 2008-09 Budget. The 2008 Budget Act was adopted by the California Legislature on September 16, 2008, together with a number of implementing measures, and signed by the Governor on September 23, 2008. In approving the 2008 Budget Act, the Governor vetoed $714 million in appropriations from the General Fund, special funds and bond funds (including $510 million in General Fund appropriations). This was the longest delay by the California Legislature in adopting a budget in modern history.
The 2008 Budget Act, as originally enacted, resolved a $17.3 billion budget deficit (after implementation of $7.0 billion in actions taken during the February 2008 fiscal emergency special session of the California Legislature) identified in the 2008-09 May Revision. It provided a modest reserve of $1.7 billion for fiscal year 2008-09, but projected a deficit of $1.0 billion in fiscal year 2009-10. Under the 2008 Budget Act as originally enacted, General Fund revenues and transfers were projected to decrease 1.0%, from $103.0 billion in fiscal year 2007-08 to $102.0 billion in fiscal year 2008-09. The 2008 Budget Act contained General Fund appropriations of $103.4 billion, compared to $103.3 billion in 2007-08. The June 30, 2009 total reserve was projected to be $1.7 billion, a decrease of $1.4 billion or 45% compared to the June 30, 2008 reserve. The February 2009 Budget Package made major changes to the 2008 Budget Act.
Since the enactment of the 2008 Budget Act, economic conditions in the State have worsened considerably. The 2009-10 Governor’s Budget projected that the State would end fiscal year 2008-09 with no reserve, compared to the original estimate of $1.7 billion contained in the 2008 Budget Act. Subsequent projections prepared for the 2009 Budget Act estimated a total reserve deficit at June 30, 2009 of $3.4 billion, down $5.1 billion from the 2008 Budget Act estimate. Given the dramatic decline in General Fund revenues and the
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emergence of a $41.6 billion combined current and budget year General Fund gap, the Governor called three special sessions of the California Legislature on November 6, December 1, and December 19, 2008 to take actions on various budget items in order to reduce expenditures in 2008-09 and address the State’s cash shortage.
Fiscal Year 2009-10 Budget. The California Legislature passed on February 19, 2009, and the Governor signed on February 20, 2009, the Initial 2009 Budget Act that addressed the combined deficit of $41.6 billion in fiscal years 2008-09 and 2009-10. The Initial 2009 Budget Act also provided for five budget-related measures that would have provided an estimated $6 billion in additional budget solutions, to be placed before the voters on May 19, 2009. These measures were all rejected by the voters.
As the recession deepened throughout the spring, revenues continued to erode and the budget had again fallen out of balance. On July 1, 2009 the Governor declared a fiscal emergency and called a special session of the California Legislature to solve the new $24.3 billion deficit. The California Legislature passed on July 24, 2009, and the Governor signed on July 28, 2009, the Amended 2009 Budget Act. Under the Amended 2009 Budget Act, General Fund expenditures for fiscal year 2008-09 are projected at $91.5 billion, a decrease of $11.9 billion compared with 2008 Budget Act estimates. This primarily includes a decrease of $10.4 billion in expenditure reductions offset by, among other things, $2.8 billion of federal stimulus funds and $1.5 billion in increased taxes.
As part of the Amended 2009 Budget Act, the Department of Finance assumed that revenues in fiscal year 2009-10 would be $3.0 billion lower than the level assumed in the 2009-10 May Revision forecast. The Department of Finance also revised revenues prior to 2008-09 upward by an increase of $1.3 billion to account for a prior-year adjustment that affects the beginning balance, and reduced 2008-09 revenues by $1.8 billion, for an aggregate reduction over all fiscal years of $3.5 billion. The change for fiscal years prior to 2008-09 is related to the 2008 Budget Act provision that imposed a 20% penalty for corporations that understate their tax liability by $1 million or more. The penalty revenues, which were received in 2008-09 but attributable to prior years, resulted in a positive $1.3 billion prior-year adjustment to corporation tax revenues for years prior to 2008-09. The Department of Finance assumed a $1.8 billion reduction to revenues in fiscal year 2008-09 from the 2009-10 May Revision forecast based on the trends seen in May and June tax collections. For fiscal years 2008-09 and 2009-10, the revenue reductions were not allocated to any specific revenue source.
The Amended 2009 Budget Act and the State’s cash management plan are based on a variety of assumptions. In the event actual circumstances or conditions differ from those assumptions, the State’s financial condition could be materially adversely affected. The Amended 2009 Budget Act provides for a reserve of $500 million.
Actions that may be taken by California’s Legislature or Governor in the current or future years to address California’s current or future budget deficits cannot be predicted. Future California budgets will be affected by national and State economic conditions and other factors over which the Fund has no control. Additional information concerning California’s budget and financial condition may be obtained from the State’s Department of Finance website at http://www.dof.ca.gov, and California’s Legislative Analyst’s Office at http://www.lao.ca.gov. Information provided on these websites is not incorporated as part of this Statement of Additional Information.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Congress enacted the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) in February 2009, which provides approximately $787 billion of economic stimulus actions in the form of direct payments from the federal government and tax relief to individuals and businesses nationwide. The stimulus bill provides approximately $330 billion in aid to states, approximately $170 billion for federal projects and non-state aid and approximately $287 billion of tax relief.
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The California Recovery Task Force (the Recovery Task Force) estimates ARRA will have an $85.4 billion effect in California, including $55.2 billion in State aid and an additional $30.2 billion in tax relief. The Recovery Task Force believes that over the 18 month course of ARRA, Californians can expect to see a $19.5 billion investment in health and human services, $11.8 billion investment in education, $5.2 billion investment in labor and workforce development, and $4.7 billion investment in transportation infrastructure. The Amended 2009 Budget Act includes an estimated $4.9 billion of federal stimulus revenues being available to offset General Fund expenditures in the 2009-10 fiscal year.
State Indebtedness.
The California Treasurer (the Treasurer) is responsible for the sale of debt obligations of the State and its various authorities and agencies. The State has always paid the principal of and interest on its general obligation bonds, general obligation commercial paper notes, lease-purchase obligations and short-term obligations, including revenue anticipation notes and revenue anticipation warrants, when due.
General Obligation Bonds. The California Constitution prohibits the creation of general obligation indebtedness of the State unless a bond measure is approved by a majority of the electorate voting at a general election or a direct primary. General obligation bond acts provide a continuing appropriation from the General Fund of all debt service payments on general obligation bonds, subject only to the prior application of moneys in the General Fund to the support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education. Under the California Constitution, the appropriation to pay debt service on the general obligation bonds cannot be repealed until the principal of and interest on the bonds has been paid. Certain general obligation bond programs, called “self-liquidating bonds,” receive revenues from specified sources so that moneys from the General Fund are not expected to be needed to pay debt service, but the General Fund is liable as a back-up if the specified revenue source is not sufficient. The principal self-liquidating bond programs are (1) the ERBs, supported by a special sales tax, and (2) veterans general obligation bonds, supported by mortgage repayments from housing loans made to military veterans. As of October 1, 2009, the State had outstanding $68,362,254,045 aggregate principal amount of long-term general obligation bonds, of which $58,532,634,045 were payable primarily from the State’s General Fund, and $9,829,620,000 were self-liquidating bonds payable first from other special revenue funds. As of October 1, 2009, there were unused voter authorizations for the future issuance of $54,525,414,000 of long-term general obligation bonds, some of which may first be issued as commercial paper notes. (See “Commercial Paper Program” below.) Of this unissued amount, $1,341,710,000 is for general obligation bonds payable first from other revenue sources.
Under California law, the State must pay the principal of any general obligation bonds (except for the ERBs) that are subject to optional or mandatory tender and that are not remarketed or, if applicable, purchased by financial institutions that provide liquidity support to the State. The State has not entered into any interest rate hedging contracts in relation to any of its variable rate general obligation bonds.
Commercial Paper Program. Pursuant to legislation enacted in 1995, voter-approved general obligation indebtedness may be issued either as long-term bonds or, for some but not all bond issues, as commercial paper notes. Commercial paper notes may be renewed or may be refunded by the issuance of long-term bonds. It is currently the State’s policy to use commercial paper notes for a portion of the interim funding of voter-approved projects. The balance of such funding has in the past been done through internal loans from the State’s PMIA. The State then issues long-term general obligation bonds from time to time to retire its general obligation commercial paper notes (and internal loans). Pursuant to the terms of the bank credit agreement presently in effect, the general obligation commercial paper program may have up to $2 billion in aggregate principal amount at any time. This maximum amount may be increased or decreased in the future. As of November 10, 2009, $1,116,960,000 aggregate principal amount of general obligation commercial paper notes were outstanding.
Bank Arrangements. In connection with the letters of credit or other credit facilities obtained by the State in connection with variable rate obligations and the commercial paper program, the State has entered into a number
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of reimbursement agreements or other credit agreements with a variety of financial institutions. These agreements include various representations and covenants of the State, and the terms (including interest rates and repayment schedules) by which the State would be required to repay any drawings (including drawings resulting from any failed remarketings) on the respective letters of credit or other credit enhancement to which such credit agreements relate. To the extent that any variable rate obligations cannot be remarketed over an extended period (whether due to reductions in the credit ratings of the institution providing credit enhancement or other factors), interest payable by the State pursuant to the reimbursement agreement or credit agreement would generally increase over current market levels relating to the variable rate obligations, and the principal repayment period would generally be shorter (typically less than five years) than the repayment period otherwise applicable to the variable rate obligation. On occasion the State’s variable rate obligations have not been remarketed resulting in draws on the applicable credit facilities.
Lease-Purchase Obligations. In addition to general obligation bonds, the State builds and acquires capital facilities through the use of lease-purchase borrowing. Under these arrangements, the State Public Works Board, another State or local agency or a joint powers authority issues bonds to pay for the construction of facilities such as office buildings, university buildings or correctional institutions. Such facilities are leased to a State agency, the California State University, or the University of California under a long-term lease that provides the source of payment as the debt service on the lease-purchase bonds. In some cases, there is not a separate bond issue, but a trustee directly creates certificates of participation in the State’s lease obligation, which certificates of participation are then marketed to investors. Under applicable court decisions, such lease arrangements do not constitute the creation of “indebtedness” within the meaning of the California constitutional provisions that require voter approval. Rental payments in connection with certain of the lease-purchase financings are payable from special funds rather than the General Fund. In addition, recent legislation provides California’s court system with increased fees to support up to $5 billion of lease-revenue bond authority to expand and repair its infrastructure to address significant caseload increases and reduce delays. The State had $7,956,646,500 of General Fund-supported lease-purchase obligations outstanding as of October 1, 2009. The State Public Works Board, which is authorized to sell lease revenue bonds, had $11,610,524,671 of authorized and unissued lease-purchase obligations as of October 1, 2009.
Non-Recourse Debt. Certain California agencies and authorities issue revenue obligations for which the General Fund has no liability. Revenue bonds represent obligations payable from State revenue-producing enterprises and projects, which obligations are not payable from the General Fund, and conduit obligations payable only from revenues paid by private users of facilities financed by the revenue bonds. The enterprises and projects include transportation projects, various public works projects, public and private educational facilities (including the California State University and University of California systems), housing, health facilities and pollution control facilities. State agencies and authorities had approximately $53 billion in aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds and notes that are non-recourse to the General Fund outstanding as of June 30, 2009.
Future Issuance Plans. Between November 2006 and August 2009, voters and the California Legislature authorized more than $60 billion of new general obligation bonds and lease revenue bonds, which are paid solely from the General Fund. This new authorization substantially increased the current amount of such General Fund-supported debt authorized and unissued to about $64.8 billion as of October 1, 2009. In order to address the expenditure needs for these new authorizations, along with those that existed before 2006, the State increased the volume of issuance of both of these categories of bonds substantially, compared to previous years, starting in fiscal year 2007-08. The amounts and timing of future issuance of general obligation and lease revenue bonds will depend on a variety of factors, including the actual timing of expenditure needs for the various programs for which such bonds are to be issued, the amount and timing of interim financing provided to the programs, the interest rate and other market conditions at the time of issuance, and the timing and amounts of additional general obligation bonds or lease revenue bonds that may be approved. The Amended 2009 Budget Act assumes that approximately $13.4 billion of general obligation bonds and $1.1 billion of lease revenue bonds will be issued in fiscal year 2009-10.
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Disruptions in financial markets and uncertainties about the State’s budget condition have caused significant disruptions over the past year in the State’s bond issuance program. Because of these factors, the State did not issue any new general obligation bonds between July 2008 and March 2009. In March 2009, the State issued $6.54 billion of new tax-exempt bonds, the largest new money general obligation bond issue in the State’s history (excluding ERBs). A few weeks later, the State took advantage of a new federal program called “Build America Bonds” (BABs) to issue $6.86 billion of federally taxable general obligations bonds, of which $5.3 billion were BABs. BABs are bonds whose interest is subject to federal income tax, but the U.S. Treasury will repay to the State an amount equal to 35% of the interest cost on the BABs. This will result in a net interest expense lower than that which the State would have had to pay for tax-exempt bonds at the same time and in the same amount. In October 2009, the State issued $2.825 billion of federally taxable general obligation bonds, of which $1.75 billion were BABs. The State subsequently issued additional general obligation bonds and lease revenue bonds as BABs, as well as tax-exempt and federally taxable issues which were not BABs. Additional BABs may be issued by the State through December 31, 2010 (unless Congress extends the program).
Based on the current Department of Finance projections of program expenditure needs, without taking into account any future authorizations that may occur, the Treasurer has estimated that the aggregate amount of outstanding general obligation and lease revenue bonds based on current voter and legislative authorizations is estimated to peak at approximately $111.8 billion by June 2016, compared to the current total outstanding amount of approximately $66.5 billion. The annual debt service costs on this amount of debt is estimated by the Treasurer to peak in fiscal year 2017-18 at approximately $9.75 billion compared to approximately $5.9 billion budgeted in fiscal year 2009-10. (These estimates do not include ERBs, described below, or veterans general obligation bonds supported by mortgage repayments from housing loans made to military veterans, nor do they take into account potential benefits from future refunding opportunities.)
There also have been proposed several new bond initiatives, including $9.3 billion for water, $23.9 billion for K-12 schools and higher education, and $7.7 billion for various lease revenue bond-funded programs. If voters approve additional general obligation bonds at future elections and the California Legislature authorizes additional lease revenue bonds consistent with those supported by the Governor, debt service will increase commensurately. In addition, in light of the substantial drop in General Fund revenues since fiscal year 2007-08 and the projections for substantial new bond sales in the future, the ratio of debt service on general obligation and lease revenue bonds supported by the General Fund to annual General Fund revenues can be expected to increase significantly in future years.
Economic Recovery Bonds. The California Economic Recovery Bond Act (Proposition 57) was approved by voters on March 2, 2004. Proposition 57 authorized the issuance of up to $15 billion in ERBs to finance the negative General Fund reserve balance as of June 30, 2004, and other General Fund obligations undertaken prior to June 30, 2004. Repayment of the ERBs is secured by a pledge of revenues from a one-quarter cent increase in the State’s sales and use tax that became effective July 1, 2004. In addition, as voter-approved general obligation bonds, the ERBs are secured by the State’s full faith and credit and payable from the General Fund in the event the dedicated sales and use tax revenue is insufficient to repay the bonds.
In May and June 2004, the State issued $10.896 billion principal amount of ERBs, resulting in the deposit of net proceeds to the General Fund of approximately $11.254 billion. In order to relieve cash flow and budgetary shortfalls identified in the 2008-09 Governor’s Budget, the State issued approximately $3.179 billion of additional ERBs on February 14, 2008, generating net proceeds of $3.313 billion, which were transferred to the General Fund. No further ERBs can be issued under Proposition 57, except refunding bonds, which may be issued in the future. (The Department of Finance had determined that the full $15 billion voter authorization could not be issued because of the previous repayment of certain June 30, 2004 obligations eligible for financing pursuant to Proposition 57.)
Three different sources of funds are required to be applied to the early retirement (generally by purchase or redemption) of ERBs: (i) all proceeds from the dedicated quarter cent sales tax in excess of the amounts needed,
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on a semi-annual basis, to pay debt service and other required costs of the bonds, (ii) all proceeds from the sale of specified surplus State property, and (iii) 50% of each annual deposit, up to $5 billion in the aggregate, of deposits in the BSA. As of June 30, 2009, funds from these sources have been used for early retirement of approximately $3.5 billion of bonds during fiscal years 2005-06 through 2008-09, including $1.495 billion which was transferred from the BSA in fiscal year 2006-07 ($472 million) and fiscal year 2007-08 ($1.023 billion). The Governor suspended both the 2008-09 and 2009-10 BSA transfers due to the condition of the General Fund.
Because of the sharp reduction in taxable sales as a result of the current economic recession, the one-quarter cent Special Sales Tax Revenues (SSTRs) collected from the one-quarter cent tax dedicated to repayment of the ERB debt have decreased to a level that has provided very little coverage above the required debt service amounts. This has twice caused the State to temporarily access the coverage account (reserve fund) for the ERBs (which account has an approximate balance of $302 million) — once on December 24, 2008 in the amount of $13.3 million, to fill up a debt service account for January 1, 2009, and once on June 24, 2009 in the amount of $64.5 million, as required under the master indenture for the ERBs. In both instances, the coverage account was fully replenished by the end of the actual debt service period.
As reported by the State on June 25, 2009, the estimate of SSTRs for the semi-annual debt service period ending January 1, 2010, will not be sufficient to pay at least 100% of the estimated required semi-annual payments for the same period. Finance had estimated that SSTRs for the current period will be approximately $566,000,000, compared to estimated requirements to pay debt service and other expenses of $596,796,000, as estimated by the Treasurer. Actual sales tax receipts from May 2009 through August 2009 have averaged approximately 6% below the 2009-10 May Revision projections. To the extent that actual SSTRs continue to fall short of the State’s 2009-10 May Revision revenue estimate, the shortfall will increase.
The State restructured the ERBs to take account of the reduced levels of SSTRs by reducing annual debt service requirements, so as to restore positive coverage levels and reduce the likelihood of future draws on the coverage account. An ERB refunding bond issuance in the amount of $3,435,615,000.00 was issued on November 5, 2009.
Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. In 1998, the State signed a settlement agreement (the Master Settlement Agreement or MSA) with the four major cigarette manufacturers (the participating manufacturers or PMs). In 2004, two of the four original PMs merged. Under the MSA, the participating manufacturers agreed to make payments to the State in perpetuity, which payments amount to approximately $25 billion (subject to adjustments) over the first 25 years. Under a separate Memorandum of Understanding, half of the payments made by the cigarette manufacturers will be paid to the State and half to local governments (all counties and the cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Sari Jose). The specific amount to be received by the State and local governments is subject to adjustment. Details in the MSA allow reduction of the participating manufacturers’ payments for decreases in cigarette shipment volumes by the settling participating manufacturers, payments owed to certain “Previously Settled States” and certain types of offsets for disputed payments, among other things. However, settlement payments are adjusted upward each year by at least 3% for inflation, compounded annually.
Chapter 414, Statutes of 2002, enacted Government Code Sections 63049 to 63049.5 (the Tobacco Securitization Law), which authorized the establishment of a special purpose trust to purchase those assets. The bill also authorized that entity to issue revenue bonds secured by the tobacco settlement revenues received beginning in the 2003-04 fiscal year. An initial sale of 56.57% of the State’s tobacco settlement revenues producing $2.485 billion in proceeds was completed in January 2003 (Series 2003A Bonds). A second sale of the remaining 43.43% of the State’s tobacco settlement revenues, which produced $2.264 billion in proceeds, was completed in September 2003 (Series 2003B Bonds). Chapter 225, Statutes of 2003, amended the Tobacco Securitization Law to require the Governor to request an appropriation from the General Fund in the annual Budget Act to pay debt service and other related costs of the tobacco settlement revenue bonds secured by the second (and only the second) sale of tobacco settlement revenues when such tobacco settlement revenues are insufficient therefor. The California Legislature is not obligated to make any such requested General Fund appropriation.
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In August 2005, the Series 2003B Bonds were refinanced with a series of refunding bonds (Series 2005A Bonds), retaining substantially all of the covenants of the original issue, including the covenant regarding the request for a General Fund appropriation in the event tobacco settlement revenues fall short. In return for providing this covenant, the State was paid a credit enhancement fee of $525 million as part of the refinancing, which was deposited into the General Fund. In March 2007, the state completed a refunding of all of the Series 2003A Bonds. This refunding generated additional proceeds of approximately $1.258 billion which were used (i) to offset the General Fund cost for the initial years of a litigation settlement related to the 2004-05 suspension of the Proposition 98 guarantee and (ii) for other purposes, such as funding capital projects. Some of these moneys were used for General Fund expenses in 2007-08.
Under the MSA, an independent auditor calculates each year whether the PMs have lost more than 2% of the market share they held in 1997 to the non-participating manufacturers (NPMs) and, if so, a nationally recognized firm of economic consultants determines whether the MSA was a significant factor that contributed to the loss in market share. If the nationally recognized economic consultants confirm the MSA was a significant factor, the PMs are then authorized to withhold up to three times the percentage of the market share loss above the 2% threshold for the specified calendar year payment.
The PMs made this assertion of market share loss in 2005, 2006 and 2007 for the calendar year 2003, 2004 and 2005 payments, respectively. Each assertion was confirmed and the PMs were authorized to withhold the specified amount from that year’s scheduled payment. In April 2008, the PMs made this assertion for the 2006 calendar year, and a final decision in favor of the PMs was issued at the end of March 2009. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, two of the three original PMs deposited their respective shares of the 2003, 2004 and 2005 NPM adjustments into the disputed payments account, and such funds were not disbursed to the states with the PMs’ annual payments for those years. As a result, the tobacco settlement revenues due to the State in April 2006 were reduced by $50.9 million, in April 2007 by $44 million, in April 2008 by $33.9 million and in April 2009 by $32.8 million (which represented receipts from 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively). Nevertheless, the amount of tobacco settlement revenues received in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was in excess of the required debt service payments. In February 2009, the 2005 NPM adjustment was released from the disputed payments account to the States as part of an agreement reached by the states and the PMs relating to a multi-state arbitration for the 2003 NPM adjustment.
Flood Litigation Settlement. In 2006, the State settled a lawsuit (referred to as the Poterno case) arising from liability for past flood damages through a stipulated judgment in the amount of $428 million, which provided that the State would make annual payments of $42.8 million, plus interest, for 10 years; the payments are subject to annual appropriation by the California Legislature. The California Legislature has included the required annual installment in each Budget Act since the settlement was approved. This matter is not treated as a “debt” of the State for any legal or constitutional purposes.
Obligations in Connection with Proposition 1A. The Amended 2009 Budget Act provides for State borrowing, pursuant to Proposition 1A (as defined herein), of approximately $1.935 billion of local property tax revenues. In accordance with Proposition 1A of 2004, the State is required to repay such revenues (plus interest at a rate to be determined by the Director of Finance, and certain other amounts) no later than June 2013. Legislation implementing the borrowing in the Amended 2009 Budget Act provides authority to local governments to sell their right to receive State repayment to a joint powers authority, which would issue bonds backed by the State’s repayment obligation. The repayment obligation will include interest and issuance costs for the joint powers authority bonds.
On November 19, 2009, the California Statewide Communities Development Authority, a joint powers authority, issued $1,895,000,000 of bonds which are secured by the State’s obligation to make payments pursuant to Proposition 1A of 2004.
Cash Flow Borrowings. As part of its cash management program, California has regularly issued short-term obligations to meet cash flow needs. The State has issued revenue anticipation notes (RANs or Notes) in 22 of
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the last 23 fiscal years. In fiscal year 2008-09, the State issued $5.5 billion of RANs, which matured and were paid prior to June 30, 2009. On September 29, 2009, the State issued $8.8 billion of RANs which are scheduled to mature in May and June 2010. If the State determines that additional cash resources are needed for its cash management program during fiscal year 2009-10, the State may seek additional external borrowing. If the State expects it can repay such additional borrowing by June 30, 2010, it would issue additional RANs. The State also may issue Revenue Anticipation Warrants (RAWs) maturing in the current or the succeeding fiscal year. The issuance of RAWs would result in adding cash resources to the unapplied money in the General Fund, which could permit the State to pay its obligations in the current fiscal year, including any RANs issued in fiscal year 2009-10. The State also is authorized to issue Refunding RAWs to refund maturing RAWs. The State issued RAWs to bridge short-term cash flow shortages in 1992, 1993, 1994, 2002 and 2003.
Inter-fund Borrowing. Inter-fund borrowing is used to meet temporary imbalances of receipts and disbursements in the General Fund. In the event the General Fund is or will be exhausted, the Controller is required to notify the Governor and the PMIB (composed of the Director of Finance, the Treasurer and the Controller). The Governor may then order the Controller to direct the transfer of all or any part of the moneys not needed in special funds to the General Fund, as determined by the PMIB. All money so transferred must be returned to the special fund from which it was transferred as soon as there is sufficient money in the General Fund to do so. Transfers cannot be made which will interfere with the objective for which such special fund was created, or from certain specific funds. In general, when moneys transferred to the General Fund in any fiscal year from any special fund pursuant to the inter-fund borrowing mechanism exceed 10% of the total additions to such special fund as shown in the statement of operations of the preceding fiscal year as set forth in the Budgetary/Legal Basis Annual Report of the Controller, interest must be paid on such excess at a rate determined by the PMIB to be the current earning rate of the PMIA. This provision does not apply to temporary borrowings from the BSA or other accounts within the General Fund.
Sources of Tax Revenues.
In fiscal year 2007-08, approximately 90% of the State’s General Fund revenues and transfers were derived from personal income taxes, corporation taxes and sales and use taxes. The following are brief summaries of the major sources of tax revenues in California.
Personal Income Tax. The California personal income tax, which accounted for 53% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2007-08, is closely modeled after the federal income tax law. It is imposed on net taxable income (gross income less exclusions and deductions), with rates ranging from 1% to 9.3%. For tax years 2009 and 2010, the rates will range from 1.25% to 9.55%. The personal income tax is adjusted annually by the change in the consumer price index to prevent taxpayers from being pushed into higher tax brackets without a real increase in income. Personal, dependent and other credits are allowed against the gross tax liability. In addition, taxpayers may be subject to an alternative minimum tax (AMT), which is much like the federal AMT. The personal income tax structure is considered to be highly progressive. For example, the California Franchise Tax Board indicates that the top 1% of taxpayers paid 48.1% of the total personal income tax in tax year 2007.
Proposition 63, approved by the voters in the November 2004 election, imposes a 1% surcharge on taxable income over $1 million in addition to the 9.3% rate (9.55% for tax years 2009 and 2010). The surcharge became effective January 1, 2005. The proceeds of the tax surcharge are required to be used to expand county mental health programs.
Taxes on capital gains realizations, which are largely linked to stock market performance, can add a significant dimension of volatility to personal income tax receipts. Capital gains tax receipts accounted for as much as 14.8% and as little as 4.5% of General Fund revenues over the past 10 years. The Amended 2009 Budget Act assumes that capital gains will account for 5.5% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2008-09 and 3.6% in fiscal year 2009-10.
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Sales and Use Tax. The sales and use tax (referred to herein as the sales tax), which accounted for 26% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2007-08, is imposed upon retailers for the privilege of selling tangible personal property in California. Most retail sales and leases are subject to the tax. However, exemptions have been provided for certain essentials such as food for home consumption, prescription drugs, gas delivered through mains and electricity. Other exemptions provide relief for a variety of sales ranging from custom computer software to aircraft.
The California use tax is imposed at the same rates as the regular sales tax on consumers of tangible personal property that is used, consumed, or stored in this State. Use tax applies to purchases from out-of-state vendors that are not required to collect tax on their sales. Use tax also applies to most leases of tangible personal property.
Corporation Tax. The corporation tax accounted for 12% of General Fund revenues and transfers in fiscal year 2007-08. Corporation tax revenues are derived from the following taxes: (1) the franchise tax and the corporate income tax, which are levied at an 8.84% rate on profits; (2) an additional 2% tax on the net income of banks and other financial corporations; (3) the AMT, which is imposed at a rate of 6.65%; (4) a minimum franchise tax of up to $800 imposed on certain corporations subject to the franchise tax; (5) a 1.5% tax on profits of sub-Chapter S corporations; and (6) fees paid by limited liability companies, which account for approximately 2.8% of corporation tax revenue.
Insurance Tax. The majority of insurance written in California is subject to a 2.35% gross premium tax. For insurers, this premium tax takes the place of all other State and local taxes except those on real property and motor vehicles. Exceptions to the 2.35% rate are certain pension and profit-sharing plans which are taxed at the lesser rate of 0.5%, surplus lines and nonadmitted insurance at 3% and ocean marine insurers at 5% of underwriting profits. The Board of Equalization ruled in December 2006 that the premium tax insurers pay should be calculated on a cash basis rather than the accrual method required by the Department of Insurance. This ruling is expected to result in a total loss of $349 million spread over several years; the effect is estimated to be $15 million in fiscal year 2008-09, $212 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $121 million in fiscal year 2010-11.
Estate Tax; Other Taxes. The State estate tax is based on the State death tax credit allowed against the federal estate tax. The California estate tax is designed to pick up the maximum credit allowed against the federal estate tax return. The federal Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act) phases out the federal estate tax by 2010. As a consequence, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act resulted in the reduction of the State estate tax revenues by 25% in calendar year 2002, 50% in calendar year 2003, and 75% in calendar year 2004, and the elimination of the State estate tax beginning in calendar year 2005. The provisions of this federal act sunset after 2010. At that time, the federal estate tax will be reinstated along with the State’s estate tax, unless future federal legislation is enacted to make the provisions permanent.
Other General Fund major taxes and licenses include inheritance and gift taxes, cigarette taxes, alcoholic beverage taxes, horse racing license fees and trailer coach license fees.
Special Fund Revenues. The California Constitution and statutes specify the uses of certain revenues. Such receipts are accounted for in various special funds. In general, special fund revenues are composed of three categories of income: (1) receipts from tax levies that are allocated to specified functions, such as motor vehicle taxes and fees and certain taxes on tobacco products; (2) charges for special services to specific functions, including such items as business and professional license fees; and (3) rental royalties and other receipts designated for particular purposes (e.g., oil and gas royalties). Motor vehicle related taxes and fees accounted for 34% of all special fund revenues in fiscal year 2007-08. Principal sources of this income are motor vehicle fuel taxes, registration and weight fees and vehicle license fees. During fiscal year 2007-08, approximately $8.6 billion was derived from the ownership or operation of motor vehicles. Approximately $3.4 billion of this revenue was returned to local governments. The remainder was available for various state programs related to transportation and services to vehicle owners.
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Taxes on Tobacco Products. As a result of Proposition 99, approved by the voters in 1988, and Proposition 10, approved by the voters in 1998, the State imposes an excise tax on cigarettes of $0.87 per pack and equivalent rates on other tobacco products. Tobacco product excise tax revenues are earmarked as follows: (1) $0.50 is deposited in the California Children and Families First Trust Fund and are allocated primarily for early childhood development programs; (2) $0.25 is allocated to the Cigarette and Tobacco Products Surtax Fund, which moneys are appropriated for anti-tobacco education and research, indigent health services and environmental and recreation programs; (3) $0.10 is allocated to the State’s General Fund; and (4) the remaining $0.02 is deposited into the Breast Cancer Fund.
Constitutional Provisions Affecting Revenues and Appropriations.
The following are brief summaries of the major constitutional and legislative actions that have affected tax levying and collections by State and local governments in California:
Article XIIIA. In 1978, California voters approved Proposition 13, which enacted Article XIIIA of the California Constitution (Article XIIIA) and which, as amended, generally caps the maximum real property tax that may be imposed on real property to 1%, caps annual increases in assessed property values at 2%, permits reassessment to market value only on sale (subject to certain exemptions), and requires local governments to obtain the approval of two-thirds of the electorate to impose special taxes (taxes imposed for specific purposes). Article XIIIA also gave the California Legislature responsibility for allocating the remaining proceeds of the property tax.
Article XIIIB. In 1979, California voters approved Proposition 4, the so-called “Gann Initiative,” which added Article XIIIB to the California Constitution (Article XIIIB). Article XIIIB was amended by the voters in June 1990 through their approval of Proposition 111. Article XIIIB limits the annual appropriations of the State and of any city, county, school district, authority or other political subdivision of the State to the level of the appropriations limit for the prior fiscal year, as adjusted annually for changes in the cost of living, population and cost of services rendered by the governmental entity. The “base year” for establishing such appropriation limit is fiscal year 1978-79. Increases in appropriations by a governmental entity are also permitted (i) if financial responsibility for providing services is transferred to the governmental entity, or (ii) for emergencies, so long as the appropriations limits for the three years following the emergency are reduced to prevent any aggregate increase above the Constitutional limit. Decreases are required where responsibility for providing services is transferred from the government entity.
Appropriations of an entity of local government subject to Article XIIIB include generally any authorization to expend during the fiscal year the proceeds of taxes levied by the State or other entity of local government, exclusive of certain State subventions, refunds of taxes, benefit payments from retirement, unemployment insurance and disability insurance funds. Appropriations subject to limitation pursuant to Article XIIIB do not include debt service on indebtedness existing or legally authorized as of January 1, 1979, on bonded indebtedness thereafter approved according to law by a vote of the electors of the issuing entity voting in an election for such purpose, appropriations required to comply with mandates of courts or the federal government, appropriations for qualified capital outlay projects and appropriations by the State of revenues derived from any increase in gasoline taxes and motor vehicle weight fees above January 1, 1990, levels. “Proceeds of taxes” include, but are not limited to, all tax revenues and the proceeds to any entity of government from (i) regulatory licenses, user charges and user fees to the extent such proceeds exceed the cost of providing the service or regulation, (ii) the investment of tax revenues and (iii) certain State subventions received by local governments. Article XIIIB includes a requirement that if an entity’s revenues in any year exceed the amount permitted to be spent, the excess must be returned by revising tax rates or fee schedules over the subsequent two fiscal years.
Proposition 62. In 1986, California voters approved Proposition 62 (Proposition 62), which requires a super-majority approval of local government taxes. Two-thirds of the local entity’s legislative body and a majority of its electorate must approve any tax for general governmental purposes, and two-thirds of the electorate must approve any special tax for specific purposes.
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Proposition 98. In 1988, California voters approved Proposition 98 (Proposition 98) as an amendment to the California Constitution, which, as modified by Proposition 111, guarantees K-12 schools and community colleges a minimum share of General Fund revenues. Proposition 98 permits the California Legislature, by a two-thirds vote in both houses and with the Governor’s concurrence, to suspend the minimum funding formula for a one-year period. The fiscal year 2004-05 budget suspended the level of Proposition 98 spending by setting a statutory funding target approximately $2 billion lower than the Constitutional guarantee. This suspended amount was fully paid in fiscal year 2005-06. However, subsequent growth in General Fund revenues increased the fiscal year 2004-05 Proposition 98 amount by an additional $1.6 billion, bringing the total value of the legislative suspension to $3.6 billion. Because the Proposition 98 minimum guarantee is calculated based on prior-year funding, the fiscal year 2005-06 funding level was also affected by the increased revenues and was $1.1 billion less than the statutory target levels. This suspended amount is added to the existing maintenance factor, or the difference between Proposition 98 guarantees and actual appropriations. The unpaid additional funding requirements were the subject of a lawsuit by the California Teachers Association, which has been settled. The State agreed to retire the $2.8 billion obligation with a $300 million payment in fiscal year 2007-08 and further annual payments of $450 million beginning in fiscal year 2008-09 until the entire obligation is repaid. The total estimated maintenance factor balance was $65.5 million at the end of fiscal year 2007-08, which maintenance factor balance is required to be restored in future years as economic conditions improve.
Article XIIIC and Article XIIID. In 1996, California voters approved Proposition 218, entitled the Right to Vote on Taxes Act (Proposition 218), which enacted Article XIIIC (Article XIIIC) and Article XIIID (Article XIIID) to the California Constitution. Article XIIIC and Article XIIID contain a number of provisions affecting the ability of local agencies to levy and collect both existing and future taxes, assessments, fees and charges. The interpretation and application of certain provisions of Proposition 218 will ultimately be determined by the courts with respect to some of the matters discussed below. It is not possible at this time to predict with certainty the future effect of such interpretations.
Article XIIIC requires that all new local taxes be submitted to the electorate before they become effective. Taxes for general governmental purposes require a majority vote and taxes for specific purposes, even if deposited in a general fund, require a two-thirds vote. Article XIIIC further provides that any general purpose tax imposed, extended or increased without voter approval after December 31, 1994, may continue to be imposed only if approved by a majority vote in an election which must be held within two years of November 5, 1996. Article XIIIC also expressly extends the initiative power to give voters the power to reduce or repeal local taxes, assessments, fees and charges, regardless of the date such taxes, assessments, fees and charges were imposed. Article XIIIC expands the initiative power to include reducing or repealing assessments, fees and charges, which had previously been considered administrative rather than legislative matters and therefore beyond the initiative power. This extension of the initiative power is not limited by the terms of Article XIIIC to fees imposed after November 6, 1996, and, absent other legal authority, could result in the retroactive reduction in any existing taxes, assessments, fees or charges. Assessments, fees and charges are not defined in Article XIIIC, and it is unclear whether these terms are intended to have the same meanings for purposes of Article XIIIC as for Article XIIID described below. If not, the scope of the initiative power under Article XIIIC potentially could include any general fund local tax, assessment or fee not received from or imposed by the federal or State government or derived from investment income.
Article XIIID also added several new provisions relating to how local agencies may levy and maintain assessments for municipal services and programs. These provisions include, among other things, (i) a prohibition against assessments which exceed the reasonable cost of the proportional special benefit conferred on a parcel, (ii) a requirement that the assessment must confer a special benefit, as defined in Article XIIID, over and above any general benefits conferred, and (iii) a majority protest procedure which involves the mailing of a notice and a ballot to the record owner of each affected parcel, a public hearing and the tabulation of ballots weighted according to the proportional financial obligation of the affected party. Assessment is defined in Article XIIID to mean any levy or charge on real property for a special benefit conferred on the real property.
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Proposition 1A. On November 2, 2004, California voters approved Proposition 1A (Proposition 1A), which amended the California Constitution to reduce the State’s authority over major local government revenue sources. Under Proposition 1A, the State may not (i) reduce local sales tax rates or alter the method of allocating the revenue generated by such taxes, (ii) shift property taxes from local governments to schools or community colleges, (iii) change how property tax revenues are shared among local governments without two-third approval of both houses of the California Legislature, or (iv) decrease vehicle license fee revenues without providing local governments with equal replacement funding. Proposition 1A permits the State to shift a limited amount of local government property tax revenue to schools and community colleges if certain conditions are met, including: (a) a proclamation by the Governor that the shift is needed due to a severe financial hardship of the State and (b) approval of the shift by the California Legislature with a two-thirds vote of both houses. In the event of such a shift, the State is required to repay local governments for their property tax losses, with interest, within three years. Proposition 1A allows the State to approve voluntary exchanges of local sales tax and property tax revenues among local governments within a county. Proposition 1A also amends the California Constitution to require the State to suspend certain State laws creating mandates in any year that the State does not fully reimburse local governments for their costs to comply with the mandates; provided, however, that such provision does not apply to mandates relating to schools or community colleges or to mandates relating to employee rights.
The purpose of Proposition 1A is to increase and stabilize local government revenues. Proposition 1A could also, however, result in decreased resources being available for State programs. Such a decrease, in turn, could affect actions taken by the State to resolve budget difficulties, including increasing State taxes, decreasing spending on certain State programs or even suspending or otherwise circumventing Proposition 1A in order to appropriate local government revenues. See “State Indebtedness — Obligations In Connection with Proposition 1A” above.
Future Initiatives. Article XIIIB, Article XIIIC, Article XIIID, Proposition 62, Proposition 98 and Proposition 1A were each adopted as measures that qualified for the ballot pursuant to the State’s Constitutional initiative process. From time to time other initiative measures could be adopted, affecting the ability of the State to increase or apply revenues and to make or increase appropriations.
Litigation.
The State is continually a party to numerous legal proceedings, many of which could have an adverse effect on the State’s financial condition. Pending litigation currently includes, but is not limited to, cases involving issues related to taxes, environmental matters, health care, tribal gaming, transportation, education, and the State’s prison system, all of which, if decided adversely to California, could result in significant General Fund expenditures or otherwise affect the ability of the State to raise revenues.
Local Governments.
The primary units of local government in California are the 58 counties (the Counties), which range in population from approximately 1,100 in Alpine County to approximately 10 million in Los Angeles County. Counties are responsible for providing many basic services within the State, including indigent health care, welfare, jails and public safety in unincorporated areas. There are also 480 incorporated cities in California and thousands of special districts formed for education, utilities and other services. Local government revenues have been constrained since Proposition 13, which added Article XIIIA to the State Constitution, was approved by California voters in 1978. Proposition 13 reduced and limited the future growth of property taxes and limited the ability of local governments to impose “special taxes” (i.e., taxes devoted to a specific purpose) without two-thirds voter approval. Proposition 218, which enacted additional Constitutional amendments in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees and other exactions. See “Constitutional Provisions Affecting Revenues and Appropriations — Article XIIIA” and — “Article XIIIC and Article XIIID” above.
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Counties, in particular, have had fewer options to raise revenues than many other local government entities, while they have been required to maintain many services. In the aftermath of the approval of Proposition 13, the State provided aid to local governments from the General Fund to make up some of the loss of property tax moneys, including assuming principal responsibility for funding K-12 schools and community colleges. During the recession of the early 1990s, the California Legislature reduced the post-Proposition 13 aid to local government entities, other than K-12 schools and community colleges, by requiring cities and counties to transfer some of their property tax revenues to school districts. However, the California Legislature also provided additional funding sources, such as sales taxes, and reduced certain mandates for local services funded by cities and counties.
The 2004 Budget Act, related legislation and the enactment of Proposition 1A in 2004 dramatically changed the state-local fiscal relationship. These constitutional and statutory changes implemented an agreement negotiated between the Governor and local government officials (the state-local agreement) in connection with the 2004 Budget Act. One change related to the reduction of the vehicle license fee (VLF) rate from 2% to 0.65% of the market value of the applicable vehicle. In order to protect local governments, which had previously received all VLF revenues, the 1.35% reduction in VLF revenue to cities and counties from this rate change was offset by an increase in the amount of property tax revenues received by the cities and counties. This worked to the benefit of local governments, because the offset amounts increased annually in proportion to the growth in secured real property tax revenues, which had historically grown at a higher rate than VLF revenues. This arrangement continues without change in the 2009 Budget Act.
Pursuant to statutory changes made in conjunction with the 2009 Budget Act, the VLF rate increased from 0.65% to 1.15% effective May 19, 2009. Of this 0.50% increase, 0.35% flows to the General Fund and 0.15% supports various law enforcement programs previously funded by the General Fund. This increased VLF rate will be effective through the 2010-11 fiscal year. See also “State Indebtedness — Obligations In Connection with Proposition 1A” and “Constitutional Provisions Affecting Revenues and Appropriations — Proposition 1A.”
Economic, Political, Social and Environmental Conditions.
Changes in economic, political, social or environmental conditions on a local, State, federal and/or international level may adversely affect California’s financial condition, as well as investment risk generally. Such conditional changes may include (but are not limited to) fluctuations in business production, consumer prices or financial markets, unemployment rates, technological advancements, shortages or surpluses in natural resources or energy supplies, changes in law, social unrest, fluctuations in the crime rate, political conflict, acts of war or terrorism, environmental damage and natural disasters.
Connecticut
The following information relates specifically to the Columbia Connecticut International Municipal Bond Fund and the Columbia Connecticut Tax-Exempt Fund (either, the “Fund”). This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts for the Fund. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, this information has been obtained from official statements, prospectuses and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of the State of Connecticut (“Connecticut” or the “State”) and local agencies in Connecticut available as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. The Fund assumes that all such material was prepared and published in a manner consistent with current standards of disclosure. Further, estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
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The Fund is more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of Connecticut municipal securities than comparable municipal bond funds that do not focus on investments in Connecticut issuers.
Introduction. The State, together with the nation as a whole, is facing economic and fiscal challenges brought on by the current recession. These challenges for the State include fiscal year deficits and falling employment, among other issues. The State Office of Policy and Management monitors such matters and generally issues a report periodically estimating the current fiscal year deficit. The State Comptroller issues a similar report periodically. From time to time the legislature’s Office of Fiscal Analysis also issues reports covering these matters. The most current such information is described below under “State General Fund,” which should be considered together with the other information set forth herein.
The State’s current and projected fiscal and economic condition, as described herein, is subject to change based on a number of factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to: (a) developments with respect to the national economy as a whole, (b) developments with respect to the financial services sector of the economy, (c) developments in the world economy, and in particular commodity prices such as oil, (d) federal fiscal and economic policies, including fiscal stimulus efforts in general and the effect of such stimulus efforts in the State and the amount of federal aid to the State, (e) the extent to which the federal stimulus legislation, and in particular The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “ARRA”), as enacted and implemented, provides less federal aid to the State than was anticipated in the adopted biennial budget, and the resulting need to implement other revenue enhancements or expenditure reductions, and (f) the effect of the State’s constitutional balanced budget requirement and spending cap provisions on the adoption of the biennial budget and the effect spending constraints might have on the State’s economy. Such factors are continually changing, and no assurances can be given with respect to how such factors or other factors will materialize in the future or what effect they will have on the State’s fiscal and economic condition.
Connecticut’s economic performance is measured by personal income, which has been among the highest in the nation, and gross state product (the market value of all final goods and services produced by labor and property located within the State), which demonstrated slower growth in the early 2000s, but expanded at a healthy pace in 2004, surpassing the New England and national growth rates. Since then, Connecticut’s annual growth in gross state product has performed better than the New England region, but mostly slower than the nation. Employment had gained approximately 66,800 jobs by late 2007 since it bottomed out in July of 2003, but in 2008 Connecticut lost jobs.
After enjoying an extraordinary boom during the late 1990s, Connecticut, as well as the rest of the northeast and the nation, experienced an economic slowdown during the recession of the early 2000s. The unemployment rate in the State reached its low of 2.3% in 2000, compared to New England’s average of 2.8% and the national average of 4.0%. After climbing to a high of 5.5% in 2003, Connecticut’s unemployment rate declined to 4.4% for 2006. The current recession brought the unemployment rate up to 5.1% for the first six months of 2008, compared to the New England average of 4.8% and the national average of 5.1% for the same period.
General Fund. The State finances most of its operations through its General Fund. However, certain State functions, such as the State’s transportation budget, are financed through other State funds. General Fund revenues are derived primarily from the collection of State taxes, including the personal income tax, the sales and use tax and the corporation business tax. Miscellaneous fees, receipts, transfers and unrestricted federal grants account for most of the other General Fund revenue. The State, as of the forecast date, expected to derive approximately 76 percent and 72 percent, respectively, of its General Fund revenues from taxes during the 2007-08 fiscal year and the 2008-09 fiscal year.
Budget for Fiscal Years 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. Although the General Assembly did not pass the biennial budget for fiscal years 2007-08 and 2008-09 prior to its adjournment date of June 6, 2007, in a subsequent special session, the General Assembly passed, and the Governor signed into law on June 26, 2007, the biennial budget for fiscal years 2007-08 and 2008-09. The budget for fiscal year 2007-08 included General Fund revenues of $16,315.6 million and net appropriations of $16,314.9 million, resulting in a projected surplus
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of $0.7 million The budget for fiscal year 2008-09 included General Fund revenues of $17,073.1 million and net appropriations of $17,072.3 million, resulting in a projected surplus of $0.8 million. Pursuant to Public Act No. 07-1 of the September Special Session of the General Assembly, the General Assembly made an additional appropriation of $0.7 million for clean contracting standards, thereby reducing the projected General Fund surplus for the 2008-09 fiscal year to $0.1 million.
The General Assembly also included in the biennial budget (i) the appropriation of $613.7 million of the anticipated fiscal year 2006-07 General Fund surplus funds to pay for various spending items, including $300 million to fund a portion of the State’s contribution to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund and $85 million for debt retirement, (ii) a reduction of lapses in the amount of $96.6 million and (iii) a transfer of $80 million of the anticipated fiscal year 2006-07 General Fund surplus to the budget for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, resulting in a net reduction in the anticipated 2006-07 surplus of $790.3 million. According to estimates of the Office of Fiscal Analysis, approximately $471.9 million of the appropriations were for one-time purposes and approximately $318.4 million of the appropriations were for on-going purposes.
The budget was $690.4 million above the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2007-08 and $28.2 million below the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2008-09. In accordance with the provisions of Article XXVIII of the Amendments to the Constitution, the Governor issued a declaration to exceed the State’s expenditure cap in fiscal year 2007-08. This declaration was ratified by a three-fifths vote of each house of the General Assembly.
Fiscal Year 2007-2008 Operations. Pursuant to the Comptroller’s financial statements provided on December 31, 2008, as of June 30, 2008, General Fund revenues were $16,418.8 million, General Fund expenditures and net miscellaneous adjustments were $16,319.4 million and the General Fund balance for the 2007-08 fiscal year was a surplus of $99.4 million The entire surplus was reserved for fiscal year 2008-09 spending.
Governor’s Proposed Midterm Budget Adjustments. Per Section 4-71 of the Connecticut General Statutes, the Governor is required to submit a status report to the General Assembly on the biennial budget enacted in the previous year. The status report must include any recommendations for adjustments and revisions to the enacted budget.
On February 6, 2008 the Governor submitted to the General Assembly a status report including detailed projections of expenditures and revenues and proposed Midterm Budget Adjustments for the 2007-08 and 2008-09 fiscal years. The General Assembly convened on February 6, 2008 to consider the Governor’s proposed Midterm Budget Adjustments and adjourned on May 7, 2008. The legislature did not make any midterm budget adjustments for the 2008-09 fiscal year in the legislative session which ended May 7, 2008. However, in subsequent special sessions, $79 million was appropriated for energy relief programs in fiscal year 2008-09 and the 2007-08 surplus of $83.4 million, plus the transfer of $16 million pursuant to Section 91 of Public Act No. 07-1 of the June Special Session, was transferred for use in fiscal year 2008-09. In addition, the scheduled increase on July 1, 2008 in the oil companies tax from 7.0% to 7.5% was eliminated.
Fiscal Year 2008-2009 Operations. Pursuant to Section 4-66 of the Connecticut General Statutes, the Office of Policy and Management provides estimates to the Comptroller by the twentieth day of each month of revenues and expenditures for the current fiscal year for use by the Comptroller in preparing the Comptroller’s monthly report. In the monthly estimates provided by the Office of Policy and Management on August 20, 2008 (as of the period ending July 31, 2008), September 22, 2008 (as of the period ending August 31, 2008), October 20, 2008 (as of the period ending September 30, 2008), November 20, 2008 (as of the period ending October 31, 2008) and December 20, 2008 (as of the period ending November 30, 2008), each for the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year, the General Fund was estimated to have a deficit of $145.7 million, $302.4 million, $107.9 million, $356.3 million and $193.0 million, respectively. In the monthly estimate provided by the Office of Policy and Management on January 20, 2009 for the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year, as of the period ending December 31, 2008, General Fund revenues were estimated at $16,098.0 million, General Fund expenditures and
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miscellaneous adjustments were estimated at $17,019.7 million and the General Fund was estimated to have a deficit of $921.7 million These revenue estimates include an estimated $40 million from tax amnesty program and $12 million from the escheat of unclaimed bottler deposits and transfers totaling $71.2 million from various funds to the General Fund per Public Act No. 08-1 of the November 24, Special Session and Public Act No. 09-1. The expenditure estimates included three allotment rescissions in 2008 totaling $157 million and two mitigation plans totaling $69.8 million per Public Act No. 08-1 of the November 24, 2008 Special Session and Public Act No. 09-1. The revenue estimates as of December 31, 2008 did not take into account any economic effect as a result of the changes in the financial and credit markets occurring after December 31, 2008 or during the remainder of the fiscal year. No assurances can be given that future report estimates will match the Office of Policy and Management’s prior estimates.
By statute, the State’s fiscal position is reported monthly by the Comptroller. In her monthly reports dated September 2, 2008, October 1, 2008 and November 3, 2008, the Comptroller generally agreed with the Office of Policy and Management’s projections as of the periods ending July 31, 2008, August 31, 2008 and September 30, 2008, respectively. In her monthly report dated December 1, 2008, the Comptroller’s estimate of the General Fund deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year was $50 million higher than the Office of Policy and Management’s projection for the same period. In her monthly report dated January 2, 2009, the Comptroller’s estimate of the General Fund deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year was $150 million higher than the Office of Policy and Management’s projections for the same period. In her monthly report dated February 2, 2009 for the period ending December 31, 2008, the Comptroller’s estimate of the General Fund deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year was $1.1 billion, which amount was $172.9 million higher than the estimate of the Office of Policy and Management.
Pursuant to Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes, whenever the cumulative monthly financial statement issued by the Comptroller indicates a projected General Fund deficit greater than one percent of the total General Fund appropriations, the Governor is required within thirty days to file a report with the joint standing committees of the General Assembly on appropriations and on finance, revenue and bonding. The report must include a plan which the Governor must implement to modify agency allotments to the extent necessary to prevent a deficit. Should such plan result in a reduction of more than five percent of total appropriations, approval of the General Assembly would be required. Since July 2008, the Governor has exercised her authority under Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes in rescinding allotments totaling $157 million in General Fund expenditures. In addition, the Governor has proposed two deficit mitigation packages to address the then projected deficits that exceeded her allotment rescission authority. Public Act No. 08-1 of the November 24, 2008 Special Session and Public Act No. 09-1 were enacted by the General Assembly and resulted in an estimated $193.6 million in deficit mitigation. Even with these changes, on January 20, 2009, the Office of Policy and Management projected a $921.7 million deficit in the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year.
The above projections are only estimates and the information in the monthly letters of the Office of Policy and Management to the Comptroller and in the Comptroller’s monthly reports contain only estimates and no assurances can be given that future events will materialize as estimated or that subsequent estimates, adjustments or audit or actions of the General Assembly will not indicate changes in the final result of the fiscal year 2008-09 operations of the General Fund.
Pursuant to the Comptroller’s unaudited preliminary financial results dated September 1, 2009, the Comptroller estimated the General Fund revenues for the 2008-09 fiscal year were $15,700.8 million, General Fund expenditures and miscellaneous adjustments were $16,626.7 million and the General Fund balance for the 2008-09 fiscal year was estimated to have a deficit of $925.9 million. The Comptroller indicated in her letter that under House Bill No. 6802, the General Assembly approved additional carry forward authority which is accounted for as part of the 2008-09 fiscal year deficit and therefore increases the deficit. Accordingly, the 2008-09 fiscal year deficit would increase to $947.6 million upon the act becoming law. House Bill No. 6802 became law after the date of the Comptroller’s September 1, 2009 results. Pursuant to Public Act No. 09-2 of the June Special Session, for the purpose of funding the deficit in the General Fund for the 2008-09 fiscal year, the
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Treasurer is authorized to issue notes of the State in an amount not to exceed the amount of such deficit and in such additional amounts as the Treasurer shall determine to pay the costs of issuance of any such notes and interest payable or accrued on such notes through June 30, 2011.
The above projections are only estimates and the information in the Comptroller’s report contains only estimates and no assurances can be given that future events will materialize as estimated or that subsequent estimates, adjustments or audit or actions of the General Assembly will not indicate changes in the final result of the fiscal year 2008-09 operations of the General Fund.
Budget for Fiscal Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. On June 3, 2009, the General Assembly adjourned its regular 2009 session without adopting a fiscal 2009-2011 biennial budget. Prior to adjournment, the General Assembly passed resolutions calling for a special session to take up matters related to adoption of a budget. The special session was immediately convened at the conclusion of the regular session. During the special session, the General Assembly passed a General Fund budget for the 2009-10 and 2010-11 fiscal years which was subsequently vetoed by the Governor.
The State continued to run its operations pursuant to executive orders issued by the Governor. Authorization to pay debt service on the State’s general obligation bonds remained unaffected. The executive orders directed all department heads and executive branch employees to limit purchases of goods and services and directed all department heads to utilize personnel and other resources in an effective and efficient manner, giving priority to programs that provide direct care services, administer justice and protect the public health and safety. The executive orders covered the months of July, August and the portion of September until the approval of an appropriation act for the fiscal year commencing July 1, 2009.
In a special session, the General Assembly passed the biennial budget for fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11 which subsequently became law on September 8, 2009. The enacted budget, Public Act No. 09-3 of June 2009 Special Session, for fiscal year 2009-10 included General Fund revenues of $17,375.4 million and net appropriations of $17,374.6 million, resulting in a projected surplus of $0.8 million. The budget for fiscal year 2010-11 included General Fund revenues of $17,591.9 million and net appropriations of $17,591.0 million, resulting in a projected surplus of $0.9 million.
The enacted biennial budget raises net revenues from three major resources: 1) grants from the ARRA, 2) transfers from other State funds to the State’s General Fund and securitizations, and 3) net increases in taxes and miscellaneous fees. Federal grants from the ARRA for human services, education, and other economic related stimulus programs total $878.9 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $594.8 million in fiscal year 2010-11. Major revenues from transfers of other State funds to the State’s General Fund and securitizations include (i) transferring Budget Reserve Funds of $1,039.7 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $342.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11, and (ii) securitizing $1,290.7 million in fiscal year 2010-11 as amended by Public Act No. 09-7 of the September 2009 Special Session. The significant tax changes include: (i) an increase in the highest income tax rate to 6.5% from 5% for those with taxable incomes over $1 million for joint filers, $800,000 for heads of households, and $500,000 for single filers and married people filing separately, raising approximately $594.0 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $400.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11; (ii) an imposition of a 10% corporation tax surcharge for the 2009, 2010, and 2011 income years on companies that have (1) $100 million or more in annual gross income in those years and (2) tax liability that exceeds the $250 minimum, raising approximately $74.1 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $41.1 million in fiscal year 2010-11; (iii) an increase in the cigarette tax rate from $2.00 per pack to $3.00 per pack, raising approximately $94.9 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $112.4 million in fiscal year 2010-11; (iv) changes in various fees, raising approximately a net total of $108.5 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $105.9 million in fiscal year 2010-11, and (v) cuts in taxes, including (1) a reduction in the sales and use tax rate to 5.5% from 6%, and (2) a reduction in the estate and gift tax. The reduction of the sales and use tax rate effective January 1, 2010 is expected to result in a revenue loss of approximately $129.5 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $268.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11. However, if any
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cumulative monthly financial statement issued by the Comptroller before January 1, 2010 indicated that the estimated gross tax revenue to the General Fund to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010 was at least 1% less than the adopted gross tax revenue to the General Fund for fiscal year 2009-10, the tax rate will remain at 6%. If any cumulative monthly financial statement issued after January 1, 2010, and on or before June 30, 2010, indicates that the estimated gross tax revenue to the General Fund to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010 is at least 1% less than the adopted gross tax revenue to the General Fund, the tax rate will remain at 6%. On the estate and gift taxes, the enacted law will (i) increase the threshold for the value of an estate or gift subject to the estate and gift taxes from $2 million to $3.5 million; (ii) reduce the marginal tax rates by 25%; and (iii) eliminate the tax cliff. These three measures were estimated to reduce revenues by approximately $5.9 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $70.3 million in fiscal year 2010-11.
The significant changes in appropriations are from State employee personal services reductions, entitlement programs savings, and education grants reductions. Personal services reductions from concessions with a coalition of employee collective bargaining units including wage freezes and a Retirement Incentive Plan are expected to save approximately $191.0 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $193.7 million in fiscal year 2010-11. Savings from entitlement programs include (i) eliminating nursing home rate increases in reimbursement levels under Medicaid, saving approximately $113.2 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $162.2 million in fiscal year 2010-11, (ii) reducing managed care organization capitation rates by 6% under both HUSKY A and HUSKY B, saving approximately $50.1 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $51.8 million in fiscal year 2010-11, and (iii) managing services for aged, blind and disabled individuals who are currently receiving care under the Medicaid fee-for-service program, saving approximately $27.8 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $80.0 million in fiscal year 2010-11. Education reductions include cuts of grants to (i) the Excess Cost program that reimburses funds to towns, saving approximately $13.4 million each for both fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11, (ii) the Priority School District program that assists the neediest communities and funds the School Readiness program, reducing $6.9 million each for both fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11, and (iii) the Reading Success program designed to improve kindergarten through grade three reading, saving the State $2.4 million each for both fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11.
In addition, the budget for fiscal year 2010-11 requires the Treasurer and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to jointly develop a financing plan that will result in net proceeds of up to $1,290.7 million to be used as general revenues of the State during such fiscal year, which may include securitizations as discussed above. The budget also requires the Treasurer and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to jointly develop a plan to sell assets of the State that will result in net proceeds of up to $15 million to be used as general revenues of the State during the 2009-10 fiscal year and $45 million to be used as general revenues of the State during the 2010-11 fiscal year. In addition, the budget for fiscal year 2009-10 requires a reduction of $473.3 million in expenses from budgeted amounts. The budget for fiscal year 2010-11 requires a reduction of $515.2 million of expenses from budgeted amounts.
The budget was $852.4 million below the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2009-10 and $587.0 million below the expenditure cap in fiscal year 2010-11.
Fiscal Year 2009-2010 Operations. Pursuant to Section 4-66 of the Connecticut General Statutes, the Office of Policy and Management provides estimates to the Comptroller by the twentieth day of each month of revenues and expenditures for the current fiscal year for use by the Comptroller in preparing the Comptroller’s monthly report. In the monthly estimates provided by the Office of Policy and Management on October 20, 2009 for the General Fund for the 2009-10 fiscal year, as of the period ending September 30, 2009, General Fund revenues were estimated at $17,203.3 million, General Fund expenditures and miscellaneous adjustments were estimated at $17,591.8 million and the General Fund was estimated to have a deficit of $388.5 million. No assurances can be given that future report estimates will match the Office of Policy and Management’s prior estimates.
By statute, the State’s fiscal position is reported monthly by the Comptroller. In her monthly report dated October 1, 2009 for the period ending August 31, 2009, the Comptroller indicated that although many of the
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revenue enhancements associated with the budget had not yet appeared within the revenue collection figures, the first quarter revenue trends raised concerns. She indicated that if the first quarter trends continued unabated, even after fully incorporating the projected revenue gains enacted as part of the budget, the revenue shortfall in the General Fund for the 2009-10 fiscal year would exceed $500 million. She further indicated that because it was early in the fiscal year, there was sufficient time for a reversal in the trend to mitigate the shortfall. The Comptroller did not address any increased expenditures, which the Office of Policy and Management projected to be an additional $212.5 million in its October 20, 2009 report.
In the Comptroller’s monthly report dated November 1, 2009, the Comptroller estimated a General Fund deficit for the 2009-10 fiscal year of $624 million as of the period ending September 30, 2009. No assurances can be given that future report estimates will match the Office of Policy and Management’s estimates or the Comptroller’s prior estimates.
The Governor may generally reduce budget allotment requests within certain prescribed limits and has done so for the current fiscal year. Additionally, as described above, pursuant to Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes, whenever the cumulative monthly financial statement issued by the Comptroller indicates a projected General Fund deficit greater than one percent of the total General Fund appropriations, the Governor is required within thirty days to file a report with the joint standing committees of the General Assembly on appropriations and on finance, revenue and bonding. The report must include a plan which the Governor must implement to modify agency allotments to the extent necessary to prevent a deficit. The Governor is required to file such report as a result of the deficit projection included in the Comptroller’s November 1, 2009 report.
The above projections are only estimates and the information in the monthly letters of the Office of Policy and Management to the Comptroller and in the Comptroller’s monthly reports contain only estimates and no assurances can be given that future events will materialize as estimated or that subsequent estimates, adjustments or audit or actions of the General Assembly will not indicate changes in the final result of the fiscal year 2009-10 operations of the General Fund.
STATE DEBT
Types of State Debt. Pursuant to various public and special acts the State has authorized a variety of types of debt. These types fall generally into the following categories: direct general obligation debt, which is payable from the State’s General Fund; special tax obligation debt, which is payable from specified taxes and other funds which are maintained outside the State’s General Fund; and special obligation and revenue debt, which is payable from specified revenues or other funds which are maintained outside the State’s General Fund. In addition, the State has a number of programs under which the State provides annual appropriation support for, or is contingently liable on, the debt of certain State quasi-public agencies and political subdivisions.
State Direct General Obligation Debt. Statutory Authorization and Security Provisions. In general, the State issues general obligation bonds pursuant to specific statutory bond acts and Section 3-20 of the General Statutes, the State general obligation bond procedure act. That act provides that such bonds shall be general obligations of the State and that the full faith and credit of the State of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on such bonds as the same become due. Such act further provides that, as a part of the contract of the State with the owners of such bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for the punctual payment of such principal and interest will be made, and the Treasurer will pay such principal and interest as the same become due.
There are no State constitutional provisions precluding the exercise of State power by statute to impose any taxes, including taxes on taxable property in the State or on income, in order to pay debt service on bonded debt now or hereafter incurred. The constitutional limit on increases in General Fund expenditures for any fiscal year does not include expenditures for the payment of bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness. There are also no constitutional or statutory provisions requiring or precluding the enactment of liens on or pledges of State General Fund revenues or taxes, or the establishment of priorities for payment of debt service on the State’s
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general obligation bonds. There are no express statutory provisions establishing any priorities in favor of general obligation bondholders over other valid claims against the State.
Statutory Debt Limit. Section 3-21 of the General Statutes provides that no bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness for borrowed money payable from General Fund tax receipts of the State may be authorized by the General Assembly or issued unless they do not cause the aggregate amount of (1) the total amount of bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness payable from General Fund tax receipts authorized by the General Assembly but which have not been issued and (2) the total amount of such indebtedness which has been issued and remains outstanding, to exceed 1.6 times the total estimated General Fund tax receipts of the State for the fiscal year in which any such authorization will become effective or in which such indebtedness is issued, as estimated for such fiscal year by the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of finance, revenue and bonding. However, in computing the aggregate amount of indebtedness at any time, revenue anticipation notes having a maturity of one year or less, refunded indebtedness, bond anticipation notes, borrowings payable solely from the revenues of a particular project, the balances of debt retirement funds associated with indebtedness subject to the debt limit as certified by the Treasurer, the amount of federal grants certified by the Secretary of OPM as receivable to meet the principal of certain indebtedness, all authorized and issued indebtedness to fund any budget deficits of the State for any fiscal year ending on or before June 30, 1991 and for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2002 and June 30, 2003, all authorized debt to fund the Connecticut Development Authority’s tax increment bond program, any indebtedness represented by agreements entered into pursuant to certain provisions of the General Statutes, provided the indebtedness in connection with which such agreements were entered into shall be included in such aggregate amount of indebtedness, any indebtedness issued for the purpose of meeting cash flow needs, and any indebtedness issued for the purpose of covering emergency needs in times of natural disaster are excluded or deducted. For purposes of the debt limit statute, all bonds and notes issued or guaranteed by the State and payable from General Fund tax receipts are counted against the limit, except for the exclusions or deductions described above. In addition, the amount of authorized but unissued debt for the UConn 2000 program is limited to the amount permitted to be issued under the cap.
Under the General Statutes, the Treasurer is required to compute the aggregate amount of indebtedness as of January 1 and July 1 each year and to certify the results of such computation to the Governor and the General Assembly. If the aggregate amount of indebtedness reaches 90% of the statutory debt limit, the Governor must review each bond act for which no bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness have been issued, and recommend to the General Assembly priorities for repealing authorizations for remaining projects.
Certain Short-Term Borrowings. The General Statutes authorize the Treasurer, subject to the approval of the Governor, to borrow such funds, from time to time, as may be necessary, and to issue obligations of the State therefor, which must be redeemed by the Treasurer whenever, in the opinion of the Treasurer, there are funds in the treasury available for such purpose. The State has established programs of temporary note issuances from time to time to cover periodic cash flow requirements. On June 18, 2009, pursuant to the Treasurer’s request and the Governor’s approval to borrow funds on a temporary basis from time to time on behalf of the State, the Treasurer arranged with a group of banks a 364-day revolving credit facility in the amount of $580 million.
OTHER FUNDS, DEBT AND LIABILITIES
The State conducts certain of its operations through State funds other than the State General Fund and, pursuant to legislation, may issue debt secured by the special taxes or revenues pledged to certain of such funds. In addition, the State is contingently liable or has limited liability, from the resources of the State’s General Fund, for payment of debt service on certain obligations of quasi-public State agencies and municipalities of the State. The State has also made commitments to municipalities to make future grant payments for school construction projects, payable over a period of years. In addition, the State has committed to apply moneys for debt service on loans to finance child care facilities and has certain other contingent liabilities for future payments.
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Transportation Fund and Debt. In 1984 the State adopted legislation establishing a transportation infrastructure program and authorizing special tax obligation (“STO”) bonds to finance the program. The infrastructure program is a continuous program for planning, construction and improvement of State highways and bridges, projects on the interstate highway system, alternate highway projects in the interstate highway substitution program, waterway facilities, mass transportation and transit facilities, aeronautic facilities (excluding Bradley International Airport), the highway safety program, maintenance garages and administrative facilities of the Department of Transportation, payment of the State’s share of the costs of the local bridge program established under the act, and payment of State contributions to the local bridge revolving fund established under the act. The infrastructure program is administered by the Department of Transportation.
The cost of the infrastructure program for State fiscal years 1985-2012, which will be met from federal, State and local funds, is currently estimated at $23.5 billion. The State’s share of such cost, estimated at $9.5 billion, is to be funded from transportation related taxes, fees and revenues deposited in the Special Transportation Fund, as described below, and from the proceeds of STO bonds. The portion of State program costs not financed by STO bonds is estimated at $0.6 billion and includes the expenses of the infrastructure program that either are not sufficiently large or do not have a sufficiently long life expectancy to justify the issuance of long-term bonds. Such expenses currently include liquid resurfacing, minor bridge repairs, highway maintenance activities, safety improvements and other minor transportation improvements.
The State’s share of the cost of the Infrastructure Program for State fiscal years 1985-2012 to be financed by STO bonds currently is estimated at $8.9 billion. The actual amount may exceed $8.9 billion to finance reserves and cost of issuance amounts. The issuance of such STO bonds has eliminated the need for the authorization of additional general obligation bonds of the State for surface transportation purposes. STO bonds may also be issued for the purpose of refunding general obligation bonds of the State issued for transportation infrastructure purposes.
During fiscal years 1985-2007, $18.3 billion of the total infrastructure program was approved by the appropriate governmental authorities. The remaining $5.2 billion is required for fiscal years 2008-2012. The $5.2 billion of such infrastructure costs is anticipated to be funded with proceeds of $1.8 billion from the anticipated issuance of new STO bonds, $63 million in anticipated revenues, and $3.3 billion in anticipated federal funds.
The State has established the Special Transportation Fund for the purpose of budgeting and accounting for all transportation related taxes, fees and revenues credited to such Fund and securing the STO bonds. STO bonds are payable solely from revenues of the Special Transportation Fund. The aggregate of certain motor fuel taxes, motor vehicle receipts, motor vehicle related licenses, permits and fees, and portions of the oil companies tax and sales tax on motor vehicles and other transportation related revenue sources, including enacted adjustments to all the foregoing sources, are intended to cover the cost of the State’s share of the infrastructure program, including debt service requirements. After providing for debt service requirements, the balance of the receipts from such revenue sources may be applied to the payment of general obligation bonds of the State issued for transportation purposes and for the payment of annually budgeted expenses of the Department of Transportation and the Department of Motor Vehicles.
It is anticipated that additional STO bonds will be authorized by the General Assembly annually in an amount necessary to finance and to complete the infrastructure program. Such additional bonds may be issued on an equal rank with the outstanding bonds provided certain pledged revenue coverage requirements of the STO indentures controlling the issuance of such bonds are met. The State expects to continue to offer bonds for this program.
In addition to STO Bonds, the State has issued direct general obligation bonds for transportation purposes and the debt service on these bonds may be paid from resources of the Special Transportation Fund provided there is sufficient funding first to pay all STO debt service. For the year ended June 30, 2008 the Special Transportation Fund paid $3.1 million of State direct general obligation transportation debt service payments.
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The amount budgeted by the Special Transportation Fund for State direct general obligation transportation debt service payments for fiscal year 2008-09 was $2.0 million
During the past several years the Fund’s revenues and expenses have undergone a variety of legislative changes. In 2003 legislation provided for a one-time transfer of $52 million from the Fund to the State’s General Fund. In 2004 legislation increased the tax on gasohol and raised various motor vehicle fees resulting in an $18.6 million benefit to the Fund. In 2005 legislation increased the scheduled transfers to the Fund from the State’s General Fund from Oil Companies Tax revenue by $22.5 million in fiscal year 2006, $30 million in fiscal year 2007, $53 million in fiscal year 2008, $79.9 million in each of fiscal years 2009-2013, and $98 million thereafter. In 2006, legislation again increased the scheduled transfers to the Fund from the State’s General Fund from Oil Companies Tax revenue by $80 million in each of fiscal years 2007-2010 and by $100 million in fiscal year 2011 and thereafter. In July 2007 legislation increased the motor fuels tax on each gallon of diesel fuel from $0.26 to $0.37 and correspondingly exempted diesel fuel from the petroleum products gross earnings tax.
A fifteen member Transportation Strategy Board (“TSB”) was established in 2001 to propose a transportation strategy, an implementation cost estimate and funding approaches to the Governor and General Assembly. The TSB’s strategic goals are: 1) improve personal mobility within and through Connecticut; 2) improve the movement of goods and freight within and through Connecticut; 3) integrate transportation with economic, land use, environmental and quality of life issues; 4) develop policies and procedures that will integrate the state economy with regional, national and global economies; and 5) identify policies and sources that provide an adequate and reliable flow of funding necessary for a quality multi-modal transportation system. The TSB presented the initial transportation strategy to the Governor and General Assembly on January 6, 2003. In January 2007, as required in Public Act No. 06-136, the TSB again presented “Connecticut’s Transportation Strategy” to the Governor and General Assembly.
In order to implement the strategy-related projects submitted by TSB, legislation was passed in 2005 that established fixed transfers from the Special Transportation Fund to the TSB project accounts in the amounts of $25.3 million in fiscal year 2005-06, $20.3 million in fiscal year 2006-07, $15.3 million in each of fiscal years 2007-08 through 2014-15 and $0.3 million in fiscal year 2015-16 and thereafter. In September 2007 legislation authorized the transfer of $5.5 million on deposit in the Special Transportation Fund to the TSB’s project account for various transportation related studies.
Public Acts in 2005 and 2006 authorized the issuance of more than $2.1 billion of special tax obligation bonds for the ten-year period from 2005 to 2014 for transportation system improvements, many of which are TSB-recommended projects. As of February 1, 2009 $2.0 billion of the borrowing authorized is effective with the remaining $100 million becoming effective in fiscal year 2009-10. Legislation passed in 2006 also authorized the issuance of $1.3 billion in bonds in anticipation of future federal transportation funds. Pursuant to Public Act No. 09-2 of the September 2009 Special Session, the General Assembly has authorized special tax obligation bonds of $579.2 million in fiscal year 2009-10 and $265.4 million in fiscal year 2010-11. In November 2009, the State issued $195,970,000 Special Tax Obligation Bonds Transportation Infrastructure Purposes, 2009 Series A, $304,030,000 Special Tax Obligation Bonds Transportation Infrastructure Purposes, 2009 Series B (Taxable Build America Bonds - Direct Pay), and $49,775,000 Special Tax Obligation Refunding Bonds Transportation Infrastructure Purposes, 2009 Series C.
Other Special Revenue Funds and Debt
Bradley Airport. Bradley International Airport, located in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, is owned by the State and operated by the Bureau of Aviation and Ports in the State’s Department of Transportation. The General Assembly has authorized the issuance of revenue bonds for improvements at Bradley International Airport, payable from all or a portion of the revenues generated at the airport. Legislation passed in 2001 removed a $294 million bond issuance cap for Bradley Airport but retained the requirement for State Bond Commission approval of any new bond issue. As of February 1, 2009, there were $198.9 million of Bradley International Airport Revenue Bonds outstanding.
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The 2001 legislation also established a board of directors to oversee the operation and development of Bradley Airport. The seven-member board includes five appointed members and the Commissioners of Transportation and Economic and Community Development. The Bradley board is charged with a wide range of duties and responsibilities, including developing an organizational and management structure, approving the annual capital and operating budget, master plan, and community relations policies of the airport, and ensuring customer service standards and performance assessments.
Additional special obligation bonds to finance self-sustaining special facilities at Bradley International Airport payable solely from the revenues derived from such special facilities were authorized in 1993. In March 2000 the State issued $53.8 million of Bradley International Airport Special Obligation Parking Revenue Bonds to finance the construction of a five story parking garage facility at the airport and, as of February 1, 2009, $44.7 million of such bonds were outstanding.
The board of directors of Bradley Airport and the State Bond Commission approved a transaction authorizing the State Treasurer to refund Bradley International Airport General Airport Revenue Bonds, Series 2001A (AMT) for expected delivery in 2011 or thereafter and to enter into a forward starting interest rate swap transaction for the purpose of locking in current market savings. Pursuant to such authorization the State entered into certain swap agreements in April 2006.
Clean Water Fund. The General Assembly has authorized the issue of up to $1,753.4 million of revenue bonds, of which $1,209.28 million have been issued, for the purpose of funding various State and federally mandated water pollution control and drinking water projects. The revenue bonds are payable solely from the revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor. The proceeds of the revenue bonds are loaned primarily to Connecticut municipalities to finance water pollution control and drinking water improvements, and the loan repayments by the municipalities secure the bonds. The loans are evidenced by interim funding obligations and project loan obligations of the municipalities, pursuant to which either the full faith and credit of each such municipality is pledged, or the revenues and other funds of a municipal sewer system are pledged. The General Assembly has authorized the issue of up to $1,833.4 million of revenue bonds, of which $1,408.7 million has been issued, for the purpose of funding various State and federally mandated water pollution control and drinking water projects. As of October 1, 2009 $853.9 million of revenue bonds were outstanding (including refunding bonds).
Unemployment Compensation. The State pays unemployment compensation benefits from the State’s Unemployment Compensation Fund, which is funded by unemployment compensation taxes collected from employers. In 1993, the State responded to a deficit in the Fund by, among other things, issuing three series of special obligation bonds totaling $1,020.7 million to repay certain federal borrowings and to fund certain reserves. All of these bonds were defeased in June 2001. To fund future shortfalls, the State has reserved the authority to issue bonds in an aggregate amount outstanding at any time not in excess of $1,000 million, plus amounts for certain reserves and costs of issuance. The State has not incurred any additional borrowing since 1993 other than borrowings from the Federal Unemployment Trust Fund for cash flow purposes, which have been repaid prior to September 30 in each case and which therefore have not been subject to federal interest charges.
Second Injury Fund. The Second Injury Fund is a State-run workers’ compensation insurance fund which pays lost wages and medical benefits to qualified injured workers. The State established the Second Injury Fund in 1945 to encourage the hiring of persons with pre-existing physical impairments, such as veterans, and to provide relief to employers when an injured worker, who already had a pre-existing injury or condition, was hurt on the job and the second injury was made worse by the existence of the first injury. In 1995 and 1996, the State enacted legislation to close the Second Injury Fund to future second injury claims. Those laws authorized the issuance of an amount not to exceed $750 million in revenue bonds and notes outstanding at any one time to provide funds for paying past claims. No bonds are currently outstanding. The State’s management objective is to pay additional claims and settlements from current income and, if necessary, short term borrowings.
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Rate Reduction Bonds. The General Assembly authorized the issuance of special obligation bonds to sustain funding of the conservation and load management and the renewable energy investment programs established under the general statutes. The State issued $205.3 million of Special Obligation Rate Reduction Bonds (2004 Series A) in June 2004. These bonds were defeased on June 5, 2008. The bonds were secured by certain revenues collected through a non-bypassable charge imposed upon each customer of the electric utilities within the State. Such revenues are property of the State and are pledged towards payment of debt service on the bonds and related costs, which pledge is a first priority lien on such revenues. The net proceeds of the bonds were deposited in the General Fund.
Contingent Liability Debt. The General Assembly has the power to impose limited or contingent liabilities upon the State in such a manner as it may deem appropriate and as may serve a public purpose. This power has been used to support the efforts of quasi-public agencies, municipalities and other authorities formed to carry out essential public and governmental functions by authorizing these entities to issue indebtedness backed, partially or fully, by General Fund resources of the State. Not all entities that are authorized to issue such indebtedness have done so, and the description below of the State’s limited or contingent liability is restricted only to specific indebtedness backed by the State.
Special Capital Reserve Funds. The primary vehicle through which the State has undertaken contingent or limited liability is the special capital reserve fund. A special capital reserve fund, if established, provides additional security for bonds issued by the entity authorized to establish such a reserve fund. Subject to exceptions in the legislation authorizing the establishment of a particular special capital reserve fund, monies held in and credited to a special capital reserve fund are intended to be used solely for the payment of the principal of bonds secured by such special capital reserve fund, the purchase of such bonds, the payment of interest on such bonds or the payment of any redemption premium required to be paid when such bonds are redeemed prior to maturity. The special capital reserve fund is frequently funded with bond proceeds to a specified amount (the minimum of which is often the maximum annual principal and interest payments due on the bonds). The State undertakes the obligation to restore a special capital reserve fund to its minimum level. The method for determining such required minimum capital reserve is set out in the legislation authorizing the special capital reserve fund. If the special capital reserve fund should fall below the required minimum capital reserve amount, an official of the authority or municipality which established the special capital reserve fund must certify to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or the State Treasurer or both the amount necessary to restore such special capital reserve fund to the required minimum capital reserve amount. On or before December 1, annually, the amount specified in the certificate is deemed to be appropriated from the State’s General Fund and must be allotted and paid to the entity that established the special capital reserve fund. On an annual basis, the State’s liability under any special capital reserve fund mechanism is limited to its obligation to restore that fund to its minimum capital reserve amount.
Quasi-Public Agencies. The State has established by legislation several quasi-public agencies. These quasi-public agencies are not departments, institutions or agencies of the State. They are, however, bodies politic and corporate that constitute public instrumentalities and political subdivisions of the State and whose exercise of authority granted to them is deemed to be the performance of an essential public and governmental function. These organizations provide a wide range of services that might otherwise be provided directly by the State. Among the public authorities are: the Connecticut Development Authority, the Connecticut Health and Educational Facilities Authority, the Connecticut Higher Education Supplemental Loan Authority, the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority, the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority and the Capital City Economic Development Authority. Each of these public authorities is authorized to issue bonds in its own name to facilitate its activities and each has issued bonds secured by a special capital reserve fund, or other contractual arrangement, for which the State has limited contingent liability.
Assistance to Municipalities. In addition to the limited or contingent liabilities that the State has undertaken in connection with the activities of its quasi-public agencies, the State has undertaken certain limited or contingent liabilities to assist municipalities. The State currently has limited or contingent liabilities outstanding
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in connection with bonds or other obligations issued by the City of Waterbury and the Southeastern Connecticut Water Authority. The State previously was obligated pursuant to the establishment of a special capital reserve fund to secure certain bonds issued by the City of Bridgeport to fund its past budget deficits; however such bonds were refunded by the city in 1996. The State previously had guaranteed debt service on bonds of the City of West Haven, but an irrevocable escrow has been established to pay such bonds. Legislation also authorized distressed municipalities, in certain circumstances and subject to various conditions, to issue deficit funding obligations secured by a special capital reserve fund. There are no such obligations currently outstanding.
School Construction Grant Commitments. The State is obligated to various cities, towns and regional school districts under a grant-in-aid public school building program to fund certain of the costs of construction and alteration of school buildings or to support part of the debt service payments on municipal debt issued to fund the State’s share of such school building projects. For certain school projects approved by the General Assembly, cities, towns and districts are ranked according to their adjusted equalized net grand list per capita and based on such rankings a percentage is assigned which determines the amount of grant money a town or regional school district is eligible to receive for a project or type of project authorized by the legislature and approved by the Commissioner of Education.
For school construction projects approved during the 1997 legislative session and thereafter, the State pays the costs of its share of construction projects on a progress payment basis during the construction period. Each year the legislature authorizes grant commitments which vary in amounts from year to year. The State has authorized new school construction grant commitments of approximately $400 million which take effect in the 2009-10 fiscal year. As of June 30, 2009, the Commissioner estimates that current grant obligations under the grant program established in 1997 are approximately $2,450 million, which includes approximately $6,900 million of grants approved as of such date less payments already made of $4,450 million.
Prior to 1997 the grant program was conducted differently. For certain school projects grants for construction costs are paid to the cities, towns and districts in installments which correspond to the number and time of principal payments due on municipal bonds, or temporary notes renewed for a third or subsequent year, issued to finance project costs. If a project is fully paid from sources other than borrowing, such grants are paid in five annual installments. Grants in support of interest payments correspond to the number and time of such interest payments. As of June 30, 2009, under the grant program prior to 1997 the State is obligated to various cities, towns and regional school districts for approximately $314 million in aggregate principal installment payments and $57 million aggregate interest subsidies, for a total of $371 million. Funding for these payments may come from future State direct general obligation bond sales. No new grant commitment can be authorized under this program.
The legislature has authorized bonds for both grant programs based on the amount of grants that the Commissioner of Education estimates will be paid during each fiscal year. Since there is generally a lapse of one or more years from the time grant commitments are approved to the time grant payments are required to be made, the amount of unpaid grant commitments will be significantly greater than the amount of bonds authorized to fund the grant commitments.
Child Care Facilities Debt Service Commitments. Legislation enacted in 1997 authorized the Connecticut Health and Educational Facilities Authority (CHEFA) to issue bonds and loan the proceeds to various entities to finance child care facilities. The Department of Social Services may enter into commitments to apply monies for each such entity to pay the debt service on the loans in amounts sufficient to cover a portion of the debt service on CHEFA’s bonds. Legislation enacted in 1999 provided for the obligation of the Department of Social Services to make debt service payments to be made by the State Treasurer. Any obligation by the Department of Social Services or the State Treasurer to pay is subject to annual appropriation. CHEFA first issued special obligation bonds under this program in 1998. As of February 1, 2009 CHEFA had approximately $69.6 million bonds outstanding under this program with annual debt service of approximately $5.4 million, of which the Department of Social Services is committed to pay approximately $4.5 million. The remaining portion of debt service is to be
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paid from Department of Education and Department of Social Services intercepts of revenues from providers. Two other Child Care Facilities programs also authorize the Commissioner of the Department of Social Services to enter into guaranties of loans made to entities to finance the development of child care and child development centers or programs. CHEFA is administering this program on behalf of the Department, and is currently limiting the aggregate amount of guaranties to the balance of monies in the reserve funds for the respective programs.
Other Contingent Liabilities. The Connecticut Lottery Corporation (the “Corporation”) was created in 1996 as a public instrumentality of the State to operate the State’s lottery pursuant to the Connecticut Lottery Corporation Act (the “CLC Act”). The State and the Corporation purchase annuities under group contracts with insurance companies which provide payments corresponding to the obligation for payments to lottery prize winners. The State has transferred to the Corporation all annuities purchased by it and the Corporation has assumed responsibility for the collection of revenue generated from the lottery and for the payment of all lottery prizes. Under the CLC Act, the termination of the Corporation would not affect any outstanding contractual obligation of the Corporation and the State would succeed to the obligations of the Corporation under any such contract. As of June 30, 2008 the current and long term liabilities of the Corporation total $291 million.
PENSION AND RETIREMENT SYSTEMS
State Employees’ Retirement Fund. The State Employees’ Retirement Fund is one of the systems maintained by the State with approximately 53,196 active members, 1,592 inactive (vested) members and 38,093 retired members as of June 30, 2008. Generally, employees hired before July 1, 1984 participate in the Tier I plan, which includes employee contributions. As of July 1, 2008 approximately 13% of the total work force was covered under the Tier I Plan. Other employees generally participate in the Tier II plan, which is non-contributory and provides somewhat lesser benefits. As of July 1, 2008, approximately 42% of the total workforce was covered under the Tier II plan. Employees hired after July 1, 1997 participate in the Tier IIA plan, which requires contributions from its employee members. As of July 1, 2008, approximately 45% of the total work force was covered under the Tier IIA Plan. Since fiscal year 1978-79, payments into the State Employees’ Retirement Fund and investment income in each fiscal year, with the exception of fiscal year 2003-04, have been sufficient to meet benefits paid from the fund in such year. Payments into the fund are made from employee contributions, General and Special Transportation Fund appropriations and grant reimbursements from Federal and other funds. State contributions to the fund are made monthly on the basis of transfers submitted by the Office of the State Comptroller.
Full actuarial valuations are performed as of June 30th of each even-numbered year. The most recent actuarial valuation of November 2008 indicated that, as of June 30, 2007, the State Employees’ Retirement Fund had assets with an actuarial value of $9,585 0 million and as of June 30, 2008, the State Employees’ Retirement Fund had assets with an actuarial value of $9,990.2 million. The actuarial valuation was based upon an 8.25% earnings assumption and the effect of phasing in an approximately 4.8% negative return on plan assets for the 2007-08 fiscal year. The Treasurer has realized an annualized net return of 6.06% on investment assets in the State Employees’ Retirement Fund over the past ten years (fiscal year 1998-99 through fiscal year 2007-08) and an annualized net return of 9.43% over the past five years (fiscal year 2003-04 through fiscal year 2007-08). The November 2008 actuarial valuation indicated that as of June 30, 2008 the State Employees’ Retirement Fund had a funded ratio of 51.9% on a projected basis. As of June 30, 2008 the market value of the fund’s investment assets, as reported in the actuarial valuation, was $9,329,175,038. The market value of the fund’s investment assets is continually subject to change based on a variety of factors, including changes in the financial and credit markets and general economic conditions, and the current market value of the fund’s investment assets is lower than it was at June 30, 2008. As of June 30, 2009, the market value of the fund’s investment assets was $7,320,843,712.
The November 2008 actuarial valuation determined the following employer contribution requirements, based on a projected unit credit actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions, which contributions are sufficient to meet Governmental Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”) standards: (i) $897.4
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million for fiscal year 2009-10, and (ii) $944.1 million for fiscal year 2010-11. The annual contribution requirements for fiscal years 2009-10 and 2010-11 include amounts which may be required pursuant to the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Longley v. State Employees Retirement Commission, which requires that the plaintiffs’ final pro-rated longevity payment be included in the earnings calculations for purposes of calculating their retirement incomes. The State met 99.25% of its annual contribution requirement for fiscal year 2007-08. To meet the State’s annual contribution requirements for fiscal year 2008-09, $575.8 million was appropriated from the General Fund and the Special Transportation Fund. The Office of Policy and Management projects that contributions to the fund for fiscal year 2008-09 from grant reimbursements from federal and other funds will be sufficient to meet the balance of the required annual contribution.
Teachers’ Retirement Fund. The Teachers’ Retirement Fund, administered by the Teachers’ Retirement Board, provides benefits for any teacher, principal, supervisor, superintendent or other eligible employee in the public school systems of the State, with certain exceptions. While establishing salary schedules for teachers, municipalities do not provide contributions to the maintenance of the fund. As of June 30, 2008, there were 61,421 active and former employees with accrued and accruing benefits and 28,609 retired members.
Since fiscal year 1978-79, payments into the Teachers’ Retirement Fund and investment income in each fiscal year, with the exception of fiscal years 2003-04 and 2004-05, have been sufficient to meet benefits paid from the fund in such year. Contributions to the fund are made by employees and by General Fund appropriations from the State. State contributions to the fund are made quarterly on the basis of certifications submitted by the Teachers’ Retirement Board and are funded with annual appropriations from the General Fund.
Actuarial valuations are performed as of June 30th of each even-numbered year. The most recent actuarial valuation dated November 12, 2008 indicated that, as of June 30, 2008, the Teachers’ Retirement Fund had assets, inclusive of the cost-of-living adjustment reserve account, with an actuarial value of $15,271.0 million. The actuarial valuation was based upon an 8.50% earnings assumption. The Treasurer has realized an annualized net return of 6.13% on investment assets in the Teachers’ Retirement Fund over the past ten years (fiscal year 1998-99 through fiscal year 2007-08) and an annualized net return of 9.56% over the past five years (fiscal year 2003-04 through fiscal year 2007-08). The November 2008 actuarial valuation indicated that as of June 30, 2008 the Teachers’ Retirement Fund had a funded ratio of 70.1% on a projected basis. As of June 30, 2008, the market value of the fund’s investment assets, as reported in the actuarial valuation, was $14,551,467,434. The market value of the fund’s investment assets is continually subject to change based on a variety of factors, including changes in the financial and credit markets and general economic conditions and the current market value of the fund’s investment assets is lower than it was at June 30, 2008. As of June 30, 2009, the market value of the fund’s investment assets was $11,396,681,762.
The actuarial valuation dated November 29, 2006 determined the following employer contribution requirements, based on an individual entry-age actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions, which contributions are sufficient to meet GASB standards: (i) $518.6 million for fiscal year 2007-08, and (ii) $539.3 million for fiscal year 2008-09. The State met its annual contribution requirement for fiscal year 2007-08. To meet the State’s annual contribution requirement for fiscal year 2008-09, $539.3 million has been appropriated. The actuarial valuation dated November 12, 2008 determined the following employer contribution requirements, which are sufficient to meet GASB standards: (i) $559.2 million for fiscal year 2009-10, and (ii) $581.6 million for fiscal year 2010-11.
Public Act No. 07-186 authorized the issuance of general obligation bonds (“TRF Bonds”) of the State in amounts sufficient to fund a $2.0 billion deposit to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund plus amounts required for costs of issuance and up to two years of capitalized interest. The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and the State Treasurer subsequently determined that issuance of such bonds would be in the best interests of the State, and in April 2008 the State issued $2,276,578,270.75 of such bonds.
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Section 8 of Public Act No. 07-186 provides that, in each fiscal year that any TRF Bonds (or any refunding bonds) are outstanding, an amount equal to the annual required contribution to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund is deemed to be appropriated from the General Fund, and such amount must be deposited in the fund in such fiscal year. The amounts of the annual required contributions for each biennial budget are based on the actuarial valuation required to be completed by the December 1 prior to the beginning of the next biennial budget. Under Section 8 the State has pledged to and agreed with the holders of any TRF Bonds that, so long as the actuarial evaluation of the Teachers’ Retirement Fund is completed and the certification of the annual contribution amounts is made as required by Section 8, no public or special act of the General Assembly shall diminish such required contribution until such bonds, together with interest thereon, are fully met and discharged unless adequate provision is made by law for the protection of the holders of the bonds. Such contributions may be reduced in any biennium, however, if (i) the Governor declares an emergency or the existence of extraordinary circumstances (which may include changes in actuarial methods or accounting standards) in which the provisions of Section 4-85 of the Connecticut General Statutes is invoked, (ii) at least three-fifths of the members of each Chamber of the General Assembly vote to diminish such required contributions during the biennium for which the emergency or extraordinary circumstances are determined, and (iii) the funded ratio of the fund is at least equal to the funded ratio immediately after the sale of the bonds in accordance with the actuarial method used at the time. If such conditions are met, the funding of the annual required actuarial contribution may be diminished, but in no event may such diminution result in a reduction of the funded ratio of the fund by more than 5% from (i) the funded ratio which would otherwise have resulted had the State funded the full required contribution or (ii) the funded ratio immediately after the sale of the bonds, whichever is greater.
The statutory provisions that govern pension benefits payable from the Teachers’ Retirement Fund include certain cost of living adjustments. Public Act No. 07-186 added a provision limiting cost-of-living adjustments for employees hired after July 1, 2007, but also removed a statutory provision that subjected certain annual cost of living adjustments in pension benefits to a limit based on funds available from earnings on fund investments which exceeded an 11.5% return. Such excess earnings were held in the cost-of-living adjustment reserve account until applied to provide for cost of living adjustments. Although there are other statutory limits on the cost of living adjustments, it is anticipated that the removal of the limit based on available earnings that exceeded an 11.5% return will cause an increase in the aggregate actuarial accrued liability of the fund. One preliminary report estimated that these changes could increase the unfunded actuarial accrued liability by approximately $1.0 billion. This preliminary estimate was based on various assumptions and no assurances can be given that subsequent projections or the next actuarial report will not result in a higher estimate.
Other Retirement Systems. The other minor retirement systems funded by the State include the Judges, Family Support Magistrates and Compensation Commissioners Retirement System (the Judicial Retirement System), the General Assembly Pension System, the State Attorneys’ Retirement Fund and the Public Defenders’ Retirement Fund. As of June 30, 2008, there were approximately 225 active members of these plans and approximately 254 retired members. Unclassified employees of the Connecticut State System of Higher Education and the central office staff of the Department of Higher Education are eligible to participate in the Connecticut Alternate Retirement Program. This program is a defined contribution program, and thus the State has no unfunded liability with respect to the program. All member contributions and State appropriations are held in a separate retirement fund by the Treasurer who may invest and reinvest as much of the fund’s assets as are not required for current disbursements, which are composed primarily of benefit payments. Any employee who elects or has elected to participate in the program may elect to receive a refund of all contributions made by the employee into the state employees retirement system in lieu of receiving any pension benefits under said retirement system.
The State is the administrator of the Connecticut Municipal Employees’ Retirement System and the Connecticut Probate Judges and Employees’ Retirement System. As the administrator of these systems the State owes a fiduciary obligation to these systems; however, the State has no direct financial liability to pay benefits under these systems.
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Social Security and Other Post-Employment Benefits. State employees, except for police and members of a retirement system other than the State Employees’ Retirement Fund, whose employment commenced after February 21, 1958 are entitled to Social Security coverage. Certain employees hired prior to that date have also elected to be covered. Pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement, state police hired on or after May 8, 1984 are entitled to Social Security coverage. As of June 30, 2008, approximately 62,828 State employees were entitled to Social Security coverage. The amount expended by the State for Social Security coverage for fiscal year 2007-08 was $298.6 million Of this amount, $221.3 million was paid from the General Fund and $14.4 million was paid from the Special Transportation Fund.
The State provides post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to all employees who retire from State employment. The State finances the cost of such benefits on a pay-as-you-go basis; as such, the State has not established any fund for the accumulation of assets with which to pay post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits in future years. The State will need to make significant General Fund appropriations for such benefits each fiscal year. For fiscal year 2008-09 $484.2 million was appropriated.
Implementation of GASB Statement No. 45 regarding accounting and financial reporting for post-employment benefits other than pensions requires the State to obtain an analysis of the unfunded actuarial accrued liability of such post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits and to recognize the annual required contribution to fund that actuarial liability in its financial statements commencing with those for fiscal year 2007-08. The State has received an actuarial report dated March 2007 with respect to the State’s liability for post-retirement health care benefits for persons covered under the State Employees Retirement System and other State retirement systems, excluding the Teachers’ Retirement System. The report indicated an OPEB actuarial accrued liability as of April 1, 2006 estimated to range from $11.4 billion to $21.7 billion. The amounts depend upon various assumptions including those with respect to medical cost inflation rates, the establishment of a trust to fund those liabilities, the amount of initial and annual amounts deposited in such a trust and discount rates. The report used discount rates ranging from 4.5% to 8.5%. The amount of the annual required contribution under these various assumptions ranged from $1.0 billion to $1.6 billion for fiscal year 2006-07, based on a projected unit credit actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions. Additional assumptions were also tested for sensitivity analysis which produced different results. The annual required contribution included the cost for both current eligible employees and retirees. The State has received an interim actuarial valuation dated February 16, 2009 with respect to the State’s liability for post-retirement health care benefits for persons covered under the State Employees Retirement System and other State retirement systems, excluding the Teachers’ Retirement System, based upon the stated assumptions of the March 2007 actuarial report but reflecting actual increases in the State’s medical and dental costs between April 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008. The report indicates an OPEB actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2007 of up to $23.1 billion and a projected actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2008 of up to $24.6 billion on an unfunded basis with no valuation assets available to offset the liabilities of the plan. The interim actuarial valuation determined an employer contribution requirement for fiscal year 2007-08 of up to $1.66 billion on an unfunded basis, based on a projected unit credit actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions. The State paid $458.4 million for eligible employees and $415.4 million for retirees for health care costs in fiscal year 2006-07. The State paid $480.0 million for eligible employees and $468.8 million for retirees for health care costs in fiscal year 2007-08.
The State makes a General Fund appropriation to the Teachers’ Retirement Fund to cover one-third of retiree health insurance costs plus any portion of the balance of such costs which is not funded from the amounts available in the Teachers’ Retirement Health Insurance Fund. The amount of $24.4 million has been appropriated for such purpose for fiscal year 2008-09. Fund assets do not constitute plan assets for purposes of GASB Statements Nos. 43 and 45 and for actuarial valuation purposes fund assets are not treated as valuation assets available to offset the accrued liability of the plan. It is anticipated that significant General Fund appropriations will be required for each fiscal year to meet retiree health insurance costs. Legislation which became effective July 1, 1998 generally requires the State to subsidize the health insurance costs of retired teachers who are not members of the Teachers’ Retirement Board’s health benefit plan in a manner consistent with its prior practice of subsidizing the health insurance costs of those retired teachers who were members of the Board’s health benefit
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plan. Legislation which became effective July 1, 2008 generally requires the State to subsidize a portion of the health insurance costs of retired teachers who have attained normal retirement age, are ineligible to participate in Medicare Part A and pay to participate in local board of education retiree health benefit plans. Since July 1, 1994, retiree health benefits have been self-insured.
Implementation of GASB Statement No. 45 requires the State to obtain an analysis of the unfunded actuarial accrued liability of such retiree health insurance benefits and to recognize the annual required contribution to fund that actuarial liability in its financial statements commencing with those for fiscal year 2007-08. The Teachers’ Retirement Board has received an actuarial valuation of the State’s liability with respect to post-retirement health care benefits for members of the Teachers’ Retirement Fund. The report indicates an actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2008 of $2,318.8 million on an unfunded basis, based upon certain stated assumptions including a 4.5% earnings assumption and a 30 year amortization period and no valuation assets available to offset the liabilities of the plan. The actuarial valuation determined a $116.7 million employer contribution requirement for fiscal year 2008-09 and $121.3 million for fiscal year 2009-10, based on an individual entry-age actuarial cost method and level percent-of-payroll contributions. The State paid $20.7 million for post-retirement health insurance costs for fiscal year 2007-08. The valuation noted that if the plan were prefunded the actuarial accrued liability as of June 30, 2008 would be reduced to $1.52 billion based on a 7.5% earnings assumption, which would result in a $67.9 million employer contribution requirement for fiscal year 2008-09.
Massachusetts
The following information relates specifically to the Columbia Massachusetts Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and the Columbia Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund (either, the “Fund”). This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts for the Fund. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, this information has been obtained from official statements, prospectuses and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (“Massachusetts” or the “Commonwealth”) and local agencies in Massachusetts available as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. The Fund assumes that all such material was prepared and published in a manner consistent with current standards of disclosure. Further, estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
The Fund is more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of Massachusetts municipal securities than comparable municipal bond funds that do not focus on investments in Massachusetts issuers.
Commonwealth Employment and Income Rates. The unemployment rate for the Commonwealth was 4.8% in 2006, 4.5% in 2007 and 5.3% in 2008. The national unemployment rate was 4.6% in 2006, 4.6% in 2007 and 5.8% in 2008. As of September 2009, the unemployment rate in the Commonwealth was 9.3%, compared with a national rate of 9.8%. Real per capita income in Massachusetts grew at a rate of 3.7% in 2006 and 3.8% in 2007, but did not increase or decrease in 2008. Nationally, real per capita income grew at a rate of 2.8% in 2006 and 2.0% in 2007, but decreased 0.9% in 2008.
Major Obligations. The fiscal viability of the Commonwealth’s authorities and municipalities is linked to that of the Commonwealth. Certain authorities, such as the Massachusetts Convention Center Authority, the Massachusetts Development Finance Agency, the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (whose rights, powers and duties have been assumed by the new Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT)) and the Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust benefit from contract assistance agreements with the Commonwealth. Such agreements constitute general obligations of the Commonwealth for which its full faith and credit are pledged. The Commonwealth also guarantees the debt of two authorities, the Massachusetts State
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College Building Authority and the University of Massachusetts Building Authority. Their ratings are based on the Commonwealth guarantee and can be expected to move in tandem with ratings on Commonwealth general obligation debt. The Commonwealth funds several other authorities in part or in whole and their debt ratings may be adversely affected by a negative change in those of the Commonwealth. As of June 2009, the Commonwealth’s general obligation bonds were rated “Aa2” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., “AA/Stable” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and “AA/Stable” by Fitch Ratings. From time to time, the rating agencies may change their ratings.
The fiscal 2010 budget authorized a contract assistance agreement pursuant to which the Commonwealth would make payments to the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority or MassDOT in the amount of $100 million in each fiscal year for the purpose of defraying costs, including debt service on bonds issued by the Turnpike Authority or MassDOT to finance or refinance improvements to the Metropolitan Highway System. The contract, which pledges the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth to such payments, was executed on June 30, 2009 and extends until fiscal 2039. Payments under the new contract are in addition to the payments required by a contract dated February 19, 1999 between the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority and the Commonwealth for financial assistance.
Certain of the Commonwealth’s tax receipts are pledged to debt service on $686.7 million of special obligation bonds issued in 2004 to finance construction of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center, renovation of the Springfield Civic and Convention Center and reimbursement to the City of Worcester for construction of a new civic center. Tax receipts from various car rental surcharges, hotel taxes and sales taxes in business located in and around the facilities are required to be credited to the Convention Center Fund. This fund is not included in the Commonwealth’s budgeted revenues discussed below.
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) finances and operates mass transit facilities in eastern Massachusetts. The Commonwealth is obligated to provide the MBTA with a portion of the revenues raised by the Commonwealth’s sales tax, generally the amount raised by a 1% sales tax with an inflation-adjusted floor. (For fiscal 2010 the projected floor is $767.1 million.) This amount is dedicated to the MBTA under a trust fund. The dedicated revenue stream is disbursed to the MBTA without state appropriation to be used to meet the Commonwealth’s debt service contract assistance obligations relating to outstanding MBTA debt and to meet the MBTA’s other operating and debt service needs. The MBTA is authorized to assess a portion of its costs on 175 cities and towns in eastern Massachusetts; the cities and towns are required by law to pay assessments equal to at least $136 million in the aggregate, as adjusted in each year after fiscal 2006 for inflation (with no annual increase to exceed 2.5% per year).
In 2001, the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (Turnpike Authority) entered into certain contracts with UBS AG (UBS), giving UBS the right to enter into five separate interest rate swap agreements with the Turnpike Authority with an aggregate notional value of $800 million. UBS has exercised its rights to enter into all five swap agreements and, pursuant to such agreements, the Turnpike Authority is required to make fixed-rate payments to UBS in exchange for variable-rate payments from UBS. It was originally expected that if any UBS swap agreements were exercised, the Turnpike Authority would refund the related fixed-rate bonds with variable-rate bonds, and a commitment for bond insurance was purchased from Ambac Assurance Corporation (Ambac) in 2001 to insure the anticipated refunding. Due to adverse market conditions in the municipal bond market and downgrades in Ambac’s insurer financial strength ratings, as well as the Turnpike Authority’s financial condition and credit ratings, the Turnpike Authority has been unable to refund the bonds related to the UBS swap agreements. Due to a further downgrade in Ambac’s rating on June 24, 2009, UBS provided notice of an asserted termination event. The Turnpike Authority had 30 days to cure the termination event. Prior to the 30-day deadline, the Turnpike Authority obtained sufficiently high ratings on its underlying subordinated Metropolitan Highway System (MHS) bonds to cure the asserted termination event with respect to four of the five interest rate swaps. After several extensions of the deadline by mutual agreement, the Turnpike Authority reached agreement with UBS that one of the ratings currently assigned to the underlying senior MHS bonds was sufficient to cure the asserted termination event with respect to the remaining interest rate swap. Although legislation authorizing a
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Commonwealth guaranty of the Turnpike Authority’s swap obligations expired on November 1, 2009, no guaranty was ultimately required to cure the termination event. Additionally, due to recent market volatility, the Turnpike Authority was required to post collateral in the notional amount of $100 million with respect to a basis swap it entered into in 1999 with JPMorgan Chase Bank (JPMorgan). As of March 26, 2009, the Turnpike Authority’s estimated termination costs for the UBS swaps and the JPMorgan basis swap were $371.3 million and $16.5 million, respectively.
In July 2004, Governor Mitt Romney signed three separate pieces of legislation to reform the Commonwealth’s school building assistance (SBA) program. Prior to that time, financial assistance was provided in the form of annual contract assistance payments to municipalities to subsidize a portion of local debt issues for such purposes. The legislation moved the SBA program off-budget, establishing the Massachusetts School Building Authority (MSBA), an independent state authority, to administer and manage the program. The legislation transferred the liabilities associated with the SBA program from the Commonwealth to the MSBA and placed certain limits on the ability of the MSBA to make grants for new projects. The legislation also switched borrowing responsibility from local governments to the MSBA for the state’s share of waiting list projects and future school project costs, although contract assistance payments will continue for previously funded projects.
The legislation dedicated one cent of the Commonwealth’s sales tax excluding certain meals and special financing district sales taxes (the “Dedicated Sales Tax”) to fund the MSBA and to pay for its transferred and future liabilities. Funding was phased in, and provided 78% of the Dedicated Sales Tax or at least $557.4 million in fiscal 2007, 85% of the Dedicated Sales Tax or at least $634.7 million in fiscal 2008 and 90% of the Dedicated Sales Tax or at least $702.3 million in fiscal 2009. The legislation will provide 95% of the Dedicated Sales Tax in fiscal 2010 and 100% of the Dedicated Sales Tax thereafter. In addition to Dedicated Sales Tax revenues, the legislation authorized the Commonwealth to issue $1.0 billion of general obligation bonds to help the MSBA fund, in part, its liabilities. The Commonwealth has issued these bonds. The MSBA is expected to finance a substantial portion of its liabilities through the issuance of revenue bonds.
The sales tax revenues provided to the MBTA and MSBA by the Commonwealth are not included in the tax figures in the following paragraphs. Total tax revenue transferred to the MBTA amounted to $734.0 million in fiscal 2007, $756.0 million in fiscal 2008 and $767.1 million in fiscal 2009, and is estimated to amount to $767.1 million in fiscal 2010. Total tax revenue provided to the MSBA was $557.4 million in fiscal 2007, $634.7 million in fiscal 2008 and $702.3 million in fiscal 2009, and is estimated to be $587.9 million in fiscal 2010.
Commonwealth Budget. Tax revenues for fiscal year 2007 were $18.445 billion and resulted in a deficiency of $307.1 million for the fiscal year. Tax revenues for fiscal year 2008 were $19.489 billion and resulted in a deficiency of $495.2 million for the fiscal year. Tax revenues for fiscal year 2009 were $16.790 billion and resulted in a deficiency of $1.389 billion for the fiscal year. Tax revenues for fiscal year 2010 are projected by the Executive Office for Administration and Finance to be $16.924 billion and to result in a deficiency of $774.5 million for the fiscal year.
The budgeted operating funds of the Commonwealth ended fiscal 2009 with a deficiency of revenues and other sources over expenditures and other uses of $1.389 billion and aggregate ending fund balances in the budgeted operating funds of the Commonwealth of approximately $1.017 billion. Budgeted revenues and other sources for fiscal 2009 totaled approximately $29.217 billion, including tax revenues of $16.790 billion. Commonwealth budgeted expenditures and other uses in fiscal 2009 totaled $30.607 billion. At the end of fiscal 2009, the Stabilization Fund’s ending balance was $841.3 million. The Commonwealth used approximately $1.278 billion from the Stabilization Fund during fiscal 2009.
The budgeted operating funds of the Commonwealth are projected to end fiscal 2010 with a deficiency of revenues and other sources over expenditures and other uses of $774.5 million and aggregate ending fund balances in the budgeted operating funds of the Commonwealth of approximately $738.3 million. Budgeted revenues and other sources for fiscal 2010 are projected to total approximately $29.759 billion, including tax
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revenues of $16.924 billion. Commonwealth budgeted expenditures and other uses in fiscal 2010 are projected to total $30.533 billion. At the end of fiscal 2010, the Stabilization Fund’s ending balance is projected to be $631.3 million. The Commonwealth is projected to use approximately $210 million from the Stabilization Fund during fiscal 2010. The fiscal 2010 budget suspends the statutorily required deposit to the Stabilization Fund for fiscal 2010. All projections were compiled by the Commonwealth’s Executive Office of Administration and Finance.
On January 28, 2009, Governor Deval Patrick submitted his budget proposal for fiscal 2010. The Governor’s budget was based upon a gross tax estimate of $19.530 billion. On May 6, 2009, the Secretary of Administration and Finance and the chairs of the House and Senate Committees on Ways and Means revised the fiscal 2010 revenue estimate to $17.989 billion. On June 4, 2009, the Governor filed a revised version of his fiscal 2010 budget recommendations to accommodate the lower tax revenue estimate. The budget reflects legislation, effective August 1, 2009, to increase the state sales tax from 5% to 6.25%, to lift the sales tax exemption on alcohol, to impose a new tax on direct broadcast satellite services, and to allow cities and towns to raise meals and hotel taxes as other means of generating revenue for the Commonwealth. The Legislature enacted the budget on June 19, 2009, and the Governor approved it on June 29, 2009.
Preliminary tax revenue collections for the first four months of fiscal 2010 totaled $5.085 billion (excluding collections dedicated to MBTA and MSBA). Total tax collections over this period represented a decrease of 6.8% compared to the same period in fiscal 2009. On October 15, 2009, the Secretary of Administration and Finance advised the Governor of a probable deficiency of state tax revenues of approximately $600 million with respect to the appropriations approved to date for fiscal 2010. The Governor filed legislation on October 29, 2009 containing proposed solutions to the shortfall, including $277 million in executive branch spending reductions. The Legislature enacted this legislation on November 19, 2009, although it did not take action on approximately $125 million of the $600 million in proposed budget solutions, and the Governor approved it on November 24, 2009.
Limitations on Tax Revenues. Growth of tax revenues is limited by law in the Commonwealth to the average positive rate of growth in total wages and salaries in the Commonwealth, as reported by the federal government, during the three calendar years immediately preceding the end of such fiscal year. The law also requires that allowable state tax revenues be reduced by the aggregate amount received by local governmental units from any newly authorized or increased local option taxes or excises. Any excess in state tax revenue collections for a given fiscal year over the prescribed limit, as determined by the State Auditor, must be applied as a credit against the then current personal income tax liability of all taxpayers in the Commonwealth in proportion to the personal income tax liability of all taxpayers in the Commonwealth for the immediately preceding tax year. The law does not exclude principal and interest payments on Commonwealth debt obligations from the scope of its tax limit. However, the preamble to the law containing the limitation provides that “although not specifically required by anything contained in this chapter, it is assumed that from allowable state tax revenues as defined herein the Commonwealth will give priority attention to the funding of state financial assistance to local governmental units, obligations under the state governmental pension systems and payment of principal and interest on debt and other obligations of the Commonwealth.” Tax revenues in fiscal 2007 and 2008 were lower than the allowable state tax revenue limit set by state law and, as of March 26, 2009, were projected to be lower than the allowable limit again in fiscal 2009.
Debt Limits and Types of Debt. Legislation enacted in December 1989 imposes a limit on the amount of outstanding “direct” bonds of the Commonwealth. The law set a fiscal 1991 limit of $6.8 billion and provided that the limit for each subsequent fiscal year was to be 105% of the previous fiscal year’s limit. The limit is calculated under the statutory basis of accounting, which differs from GAAP in that the principal amount of outstanding bonds is measured net of discount and costs of issuance. The law further provides that bonds to be refunded from the proceeds of Commonwealth refunding bonds are to be excluded from outstanding “direct” bonds upon the issuance of the refunding bonds. The statutory limit on “direct” bonds during fiscal 2009 was approximately $15.6 billion.
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In January 1990, legislation was enacted to impose a limit on debt service appropriations in Commonwealth budgets beginning in fiscal 1991. The law provides that no more than 10% of the total appropriations in any fiscal year may be expended for payment of interest and principal on general obligation debt of the Commonwealth. The debt service relating to bonds that are excluded from the debt limit on direct debt is not included in the limit on debt service appropriations. The law is subject to amendment or repeal by the Legislature at any time and may be superseded in the annual appropriations act for any year.
The Commonwealth is authorized to issue three types of debt directly — general obligation debt, special obligation debt and federal grant anticipation notes. General obligation debt is secured by the full faith and credit of the Commonwealth. Special obligation debt may be secured by either a pledge of receipts credited to the Highway Fund or by a pledge of receipts credited to the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center Fund. Federal grant anticipation notes are secured by a pledge of federal highway construction reimbursements. In addition, certain independent authorities and agencies within the Commonwealth are statutorily authorized to issue debt for which the Commonwealth is either directly, in whole or in part, or indirectly liable.
Local Aid. The Commonwealth makes substantial payments to its cities, towns and regional school districts (Local Aid) to mitigate the impact of local property tax limits on local programs and services. Local Aid payments to cities, towns and regional school districts take the form of both direct and indirect assistance. Direct Local Aid consists of general revenue sharing funds and specific program funds sent directly to local governments and regional school districts as reported on the so-called “cherry sheet” prepared by the Department of Revenue, excluding certain pension funds and non-appropriated funds. In fiscal 2010, approximately 17% of the Commonwealth’s projected budgeted spending is estimated to be allocated to direct Local Aid.
As a result of comprehensive education reform legislation enacted in June 1993, a large portion of general revenue sharing funds are earmarked for public education and are distributed through a formula designed to provide more aid to the Commonwealth’s poorer communities. The legislation requires the Commonwealth to distribute aid to ensure that each district reaches at least a minimum level of spending per public education pupil. Since fiscal 1994, the Commonwealth has fully funded the requirements imposed by this legislation in each of its annual budgets. The fiscal 2010 budget provides for state education aid of $3.870 billion. The fiscal 2010 budget also includes $936 million for unrestricted general government aid.
A statute adopted by voter initiative petition at the November 1990 statewide election regulates the distribution of Local Aid to cities and towns. As enacted in 1992 and subsequently amended, this statute requires that, subject to annual appropriation, no less than 40% of collections from personal income taxes, corporate excise taxes and lottery fund proceeds and 32% of collections from sales and use taxes be distributed to cities and towns. By its terms, the new formula would have provided for a substantial increase in direct Local Aid in fiscal 1992 and subsequent years. Nonetheless, Local Aid payments remain subject to annual appropriation by the Legislature, and the appropriations for Local Aid since the enactment of the initiative law have not met the levels set forth in the initiative law.
Reductions in, failure to fund or delays in the payment of Local Aid may create financial difficulties for certain municipalities or other local government entities. From fiscal 2007 through 2009, expenditures for direct Local Aid, exclusive of school building assistance, were $4.805 billion, $5.041 billion and $4.724 billion, respectively. For fiscal 2010, expenditures for direct Local Aid are projected to total $4.807 billion.
The Commonwealth maintains a $1.000 billion commercial paper program supported by lines and a letter of credit from commercial banks. The program allows for the periodic issuance of commercial paper as either bond anticipation notes or revenue anticipation notes for operating purposes to meet cash flow needs. In particular, the Commonwealth makes Local Aid payments of approximately $1 billion to its cities and towns at the end of each calendar quarter, which often results in short-term cash flow borrowings.
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In November 1980, voters in the Commonwealth approved a statewide tax limitation initiative petition, commonly known as Proposition 2 1/2, to constrain levels of property taxation and to limit the charges and fees imposed on cities and towns by certain governmental entities, including county governments. Proposition 2 1/2 is not a provision of the state constitution and accordingly is subject to amendment or repeal by the Legislature. Proposition 2 1/2, as amended as of March 26, 2009, limits the property taxes that may be levied by any city or town in any fiscal year to the lesser of (i) 2.5% of the full and fair cash valuation of the real estate and personal property therein, or (ii) 2.5% over the previous year’s levy limit plus any growth in the tax base from certain new construction and parcel subdivisions. Proposition 2 1/2 also limits any increase in the charges and fees assessed by certain governmental entities, including county governments, on cities and towns to the sum of (i) 2.5% of the total charges and fees imposed in the preceding fiscal year, and (ii) any increase in charges for services customarily provided locally or services obtained by the city or town at its option. The law contains certain override provisions and, in addition, permits debt service on specific bonds and notes and expenditures for identified capital projects to be excluded from the limits by a majority vote at a general or special election. At the time Proposition 2 1/2 was enacted, many cities and towns had property tax levels in excess of the limit and were therefore required to roll back property taxes with a concurrent loss of revenues. Between fiscal 1981 and fiscal 2008, the aggregate property tax levy grew from $3.347 billion to $10.992 billion, a compound annual growth rate of 4.46%.
Many communities have responded to the limitation imposed by Proposition 2 1/2 through statutorily permitted overrides and exclusions. There are three types of referenda questions (override of levy limit, exclusion of debt service, or exclusion of capital expenditures) that permit communities to exceed the limits of Proposition 2 1/2.
Certain of the Commonwealth’s cities and towns have at times experienced and are currently experiencing serious financial difficulties, which have and may further adversely affect their credit standing. The recurrence of such financial difficulties, or financial difficulties of the Commonwealth, including further reductions of direct Local Aid payments, could adversely affect the market values and marketability of, or result in default in payment on, outstanding obligations issued by the Commonwealth or its public authorities or municipalities. In addition, Massachusetts statutes which limit the taxing authority of the Commonwealth or certain Massachusetts governmental entities may impair the ability of issuers of some Massachusetts obligations to maintain debt service on their obligations.
Medicaid. The Medicaid program provides health care to low-income children and families, certain low-income adults, disabled individuals, and low-income elders. The program, which is administered by the Executive Office of Health and Human Services, receives 50% in federal reimbursement on most expenditures and payments for some children’s benefits are 65% federally reimbursable under the State Children’s Health Insurance Program. In addition, as a result of enhancements to federal reimbursement under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the Commonwealth is eligible for a 61.2% reimbursement rate for fiscal 2010, which is expected to generate a total of $1.28 billion in federal matching funds over and above what would be received at a 50% rate.
Approximately 30% of the Commonwealth’s budget is devoted to Medicaid. It is the largest item in the Commonwealth’s budget and has been one of the fastest-growing budget items. Medicaid spending from fiscal 2005 to fiscal 2009 was estimated to have grown by 7.4% on a compound annual basis. During the same period, Medicaid enrollment was estimated to have increased 4.8% on a compound annual basis. The projected increase in enrollment was largely a result of eligibility expansions authorized in 2006 health care reform legislation.
Health Care Reform Legislation. In April 2006, legislation was enacted to reform health care by mandating that individuals 18 years and older purchase insurance, while offering subsidized coverage to uninsured residents whose income falls below 300% of the federal poverty level and providing new, affordable products for uninsured residents whose income exceeds this threshold. The reform asks employers to play a role by requiring that businesses with 11 or more full-time employees either contribute to coverage or pay an assessment. These
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businesses must also establish a mechanism wherein employees can pay for health insurance coverage on a pre-tax basis. Businesses that are subject to this requirement but do not comply may potentially face a surcharge. The legislation also created the Commonwealth Health Insurance Connector Authority (Connector), charged with linking uninsured residents to affordable, and in some cases subsidized, coverage.
The Commonwealth began implementing health care reform shortly after its enactment. The legislation included many new concepts and initiatives, including the restoration and expansion of several MassHealth programs. As of March 1, 2009, over 165,000 residents had been enrolled in the subsidized Commonwealth Care Health Insurance Program. On May 1, 2007, the Connector also launched the Commonwealth Choice program to offer individuals a range of unsubsidized affordable health insurance plans. As of March 1, 2009, more than 21,000 individuals had enrolled in health plans through the Commonwealth Choice program. The Connector board continues to examine and make policy decisions and to monitor conversions from the Commonwealth’s uncompensated care pool into the Commonwealth Care Health Insurance Program, as well as new enrollees who did not previously access care through the uncompensated care pool.
Enrollment in the various health care programs has exceeded initial enrollment estimates, resulting in significantly higher costs than originally projected. The Commonwealth closely monitors the current and projected costs of health care reform and continues to seek potential cost saving and revenue generating opportunities.
Transportation. The $14.808 billion Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel Project was substantially completed on January 13, 2006. The Transportation Finance Commission, established by state legislation in 2004, published a report in 2007 analyzing the Commonwealth’s future funding needs and anticipated funding gaps related to maintaining the Commonwealth’s transportation system over the next 20 years. For state-controlled roads and bridges and state environmental transit commitments related to the Central Artery/Ted Williams Tunnel project, the report identified funding needs of $25.670 billion and expected available state and federal funding of $16.820 billion, leaving a funding gap of $8.849 billion. The report also identified funding gaps related to the Massachusetts turnpike system, local roads and bridges, MBTA operations and capital needs and the Tobin Bridge. The report estimated a funding gap for all of these transportation assets of between $15 billion and $19 billion over the next 20 years. The report also included several transportation proposals that the Transportation Finance Commission estimated could generate more than $18.7 billion to fund transportation and infrastructure improvements over the next 20 years.
On June 18, 2009, the Legislature enacted, and on June 26, 2009 the Governor approved, legislation designed to reform the Commonwealth’s transportation system. The legislation created a new authority called the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). The board of MassDOT was authorized to begin exercising its powers on November 1, 2009.
The transportation reform legislation provided for the dissolution of the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority and the transfer of its assets, liabilities, obligations and debt to MassDOT, which has a separate legal existence from the Commonwealth. MassDOT assumed the rights, powers and duties of the Turnpike Authority effective November 1, 2009. The legislation maintained the separate existence of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, but its governing board was abolished and has been replaced by a new five-member board appointed by the Governor. The Massachusetts Port Authority remains an independent authority, but the Tobin Memorial Bridge, a tolled bridge currently owned and operated by the Port Authority, was transferred to MassDOT on January 1, 2010.
All regional transit authorities in the Commonwealth are mandated to shift to a forward-funded budgeting system no later than fiscal 2012. The Secretary of Administration and Finance is to develop a plan for accomplishing this conversion and to seek the necessary appropriations.
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The legislation established a Massachusetts Transportation Trust Fund within MassDOT, into which all bridge, tunnel and highway tolls, as well as transit fares, are deposited. Moneys in the Central Artery and Statewide Road and Bridge Infrastructure Fund have been transferred to the Massachusetts Transportation Trust Fund. The Massachusetts Transportation Trust Fund is to be used for operations, maintenance and capital costs related to the transportation assets under MassDOT’s jurisdiction, including MBTA assets and assets of the Turnpike Authority transferred pursuant to the legislation, as well as debt service on outstanding Turnpike Authority debt. MassDOT is authorized to issue special obligation debt secured by moneys in the Massachusetts Transportation Trust Fund to refinance Turnpike Authority debt issued before July 1, 2009. MassDOT debt will not be debt of the Commonwealth.
The legislation contemplates that the Legislature will continue to make capital appropriations for transportation improvements and that such appropriations will continue to be funded through the issuance by the State Treasurer of Commonwealth debt. Currently outstanding capital spending authorizations are to be made available to MassDOT by the Secretary of Administration and Finance.
The legislation also established a Commonwealth Transportation Fund as a budgetary fund of the Commonwealth for transportation-related purposes, to receive essentially the same revenues that are now deposited in the Highway Fund, including gasoline tax receipts and registry fee revenues. Legislation approved by the Governor on July 20, 2009 provides that the Commonwealth Transportation Fund will also receive the sales tax receipts dedicated to transportation purposes, with a guaranteed annual payment of $275 million. The guaranteed amount of $275 million includes $100 million earmarked for costs including debt service on Turnpike Authority debt, $160 million earmarked for the MBTA and $15 million earmarked for the regional transit authorities. Moneys in the Commonwealth Transportation Fund will be used to pay Commonwealth debt service and contract assistance obligations for transportation-related investments, with the excess in each fiscal year to be available for transfer to the Massachusetts Transportation Trust Fund for use by MassDOT.
Pensions. The Commonwealth is responsible for the payment of pension benefits for Commonwealth employees (members of the state employees’ retirement system) and for teachers of the cities, towns and regional school districts throughout the state (including members of the teachers’ retirement system and teachers in the Boston public schools, who are members of the State-Boston retirement system but whose pensions are also the responsibility of the Commonwealth). The state employees’ and teachers’ retirement systems are partially funded by employee contributions of regular compensation. Legislation approved in 1997 provided, subject to legislative approval, for annual increases in cost-of-living allowances equal to the lesser of 3% or the previous year’s percentage increase in the United States Consumer Price Index on the first $12,000 of benefits for members of the state employees’ and teachers’ retirement systems, to be funded by the investment income of the systems. The Commonwealth pension funding schedule assumes that annual increases of 3% will be approved.
Employees of certain independent authorities and agencies, such as the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority and of counties, cities and towns (other than teachers) are covered by 104 separate retirement systems. The Commonwealth assumed responsibility, beginning in fiscal 1982, for payment of cost of living adjustments for the 104 local retirement systems, in accordance with the provisions of Proposition 2 1/2. However, the 1997 legislation removed from the Commonwealth the cost of future cost-of-living adjustments for these local retirement systems and provided that local retirement systems fund future cost-of-living adjustments. Local retirement systems that have established pension funding schedules may opt in to 3% annual increases in cost-of-living allowances as well, with the costs and actuarial liabilities attributable to the cost-of-living allowances required to be reflected in such systems’ funding schedules. Legislation approved in 1999 allows local retirement systems to increase the cost-of-living allowance up to 3% during years that the previous year’s percentage increase in the United States Consumer Price Index is less than 3%. The fiscal 2006 general appropriation act (“GAA”) included a 3% cost of living increase. The state employees’ and state teachers’ retirement systems were originally established as “pay-as-you-go” systems, meaning that amounts were appropriated each year to pay current benefits, and no provision was made to fund currently the future liabilities already incurred. In fiscal 1978 the Commonwealth began to address the unfunded liabilities of the two state
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systems by making appropriations to pension reserves. Comprehensive pension funding legislation approved in January 1988, as subsequently amended, requires the Commonwealth to fund future pension liabilities currently and to amortize the Commonwealth’s accumulated unfunded liability to zero by June 30, 2025.
July 1997 legislation required the Secretary of Administration and Finance to prepare a funding schedule providing for both the normal cost of Commonwealth benefits (normal cost being that portion of the actuarial present value of pension benefits which is allocated to a valuation year by an actuarial cost method) and the amortization of the unfunded actuarial liability of the Commonwealth for its pension obligations. The funding schedule was required to be updated periodically on the basis of new actuarial valuation reports prepared under the direction of the Secretary of Administration and Finance. The Secretary was also required to conduct experience investigations every six years. Funding schedules were to be filed with the Legislature triennially by March 1 and were subject to legislative approval. Under the July 1997 pension legislation, if a schedule was not approved by the Legislature, payments were to be made in accordance with the most recently approved schedule; such payments, however, would be required to be at least equal to the prior year’s payments.
Actuarial valuations of the Commonwealth’s pension obligation were calculated as of January 1, 2009. The unfunded actuarial liability as of that date was approximately $22.080 billion.
In December 2008, the Commonwealth issued a valuation, as of January 1, 2008, of its liabilities in respect of other post-employment benefits (“OPEB”). The actuarial liability was calculated to be $15.637 billion. If the OPEB liability were pre-funded in accordance with GASB Statement No. 45, the actuarial accrued liability would be reduced to $11.649 billion. Supplemental budget legislation signed into law by the Governor on August 7, 2009 increased the health care contribution from 15% to 20% for state employees whose retirement is effective on or after February 1, 2010. It has not been determined to what extent this provision will impact the Commonwealth’s current OPEB liability.
New Jersey
The following information relates specifically to the Columbia New Jersey Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund (the “Fund”). This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts for the Fund. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, most of this information has been obtained from official statements, prospectuses and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of the State of New Jersey (“New Jersey” or the “State”) and local agencies in New Jersey available as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. The Fund assumes that all such material was prepared and published in a manner consistent with current standards of disclosure. Further, all estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
The Fund is more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of New Jersey municipal securities than comparable municipal bond funds that do not focus on investments in New Jersey issuers.
Introduction. New Jersey’s economy weakened significantly in 2008 along with the national economy and other states’ economies. Payroll employment decreased at an average annual rate of 0.5% in 2008 after growing very slowly at an average annual rate of 0.2% in 2007. The New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development’s 2009 benchmarked data reflects the deterioration in the employment conditions in the State. For calendar year 2009, through June 2009, payroll employment decreased at an average annual rate of 3.1%, reflecting the deterioration in the employment conditions in the State. Since the beginning of 2009, the level of employment has remained consistently below the 4.0 million mark that the State enjoyed for the previous fifty-four months. The State’s level of payroll employment as of June 2009 was 3.931 million.
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New Jersey payroll employment declined by 3.3% (-135,000 jobs) in June 2009 compared to June 2008. Most of the job losses were in professional and business services (-40,400 jobs), manufacturing (-29,300 jobs), construction (-24,100 jobs), trade, transport and utility services (-22,000), and financial services (-14,600 jobs). The public sector declined by 600 jobs during the same period. Education and health services reported the largest single gain (+8,700 jobs), followed by other services, which added 2,100 jobs.
The generally declining labor market conditions kept the State’s unemployment rate above 5.0% for the thirteen months since May 2008. The State’s unemployment rate averaged 5.5% in 2008. For calendar year 2009, through June 2009, the State’s average unemployment rate was 8.4%, while the national unemployment rate averaged 8.7% during the same time period.
According to the United States Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis in a release dated June 18, 2009, the preliminary growth rate for New Jersey’s personal income declined at a rate of 0.2% for the first quarter of 2009 and came in below the revised growth rate of 1.8% for the fourth quarter of 2008. Given the general economic recession in the national economy, the average annual growth in personal income for New Jersey was expected to decline in 2009, but to begin to improve in 2010.
The housing sector was expected to weaken further with housing permits in 2009 to stay below 20,000 units. New vehicle registrations declined in calendar year 2008 by 16%, following a 4.3% decline in 2007. For the fiscal year through May 2009, new vehicle registrations declined 25.6% compared to a year earlier. New motor vehicle registrations were projected to remain below the 500,000 level in 2009 and 2010.
New Jersey and the nation were expected to continue to experience further deterioration in near term economic growth in 2009. According to the Beige Book on economic performance released by the Federal Reserve Board on June 10, 2009, the Federal Reserve Board stated that economic conditions continued to deteriorate through May 2009 and indicated that a turnaround in the national economy was not expected until late 2009 or early 2010. New Jersey economic forecasts from Global Insight, Moody’s Economy.com, and Rutgers University expected recessionary conditions to continue through 2009.
New Jersey’s economy was expected to follow the national trend for 2009. Employment was projected to decrease at an approximately 3.2% average annual rate in 2009 and decrease at an average annual rate of 0.9% in 2010. Personal income was expected to decline at an annual average rate of 0.7% in 2009 and improve to a growth rate of approximately 1.7% in 2010.
Inflation is expected to remain low during the current economic recession and may not be a serious concern until consumer spending revives. Availability of credit, stability in the financial markets and improvements in consumer and business confidence are critical factors necessary for economic turnaround nationally and in New Jersey.
The State and the nation may experience further near-term deterioration in growth and the expected pace of economic expansion may decline further if consumers, investors, and businesses become more concerned about the effect of the federal economic stimulus on job growth, credit availability, financial market stresses, and geopolitical tensions. To a large extent, the future direction of the economy nationally and in the State hinges on assumptions regarding the current economic recession, energy prices, and stability in the financial markets.
The State and national economies continue to experience high unemployment rates, a weak employment picture, and weakness in personal income growth. For the calendar quarter ending in September 2009 the trend in New Jersey’s payroll employment indicated that the rate of decrease slowed to -3.1% from -3.4% in the previous quarter. The State’s average unemployment rate for the ten months through October 2009 was 8.9% with the unemployment rate of 9.7% for October 2009 remaining below the national rate of 10.2%. Personal income has continued to decline with an average decrease of -2.1% for the 3rd quarter of 2009. This was a slightly better result than in prior quarters, but below 2008.
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Debt Limitations. The State constitution provides, in part, that the State legislature cannot, in any manner, create in any fiscal year a debt or liability of the State that, together with any previous debts or liabilities, exceeds at any time one percent of the total appropriations for such year, unless authorized by a law for some single object or work distinctly specified therein. No such law may take effect until it has been submitted to a general election and approved by a majority of the legally qualified voters voting thereon; provided, however, no such voter approval is required for any such law authorizing the creation of a debt for a refinancing of all or any portion of the outstanding debts or liabilities of the State, so long as such refinancing produces a debt service savings. Furthermore, any funds raised under these authorizations must be applied only to the specific object stated therein. The State constitution provides as to any law authorizing such debt: “Regardless of any limitation relating to taxation in this Constitution, such law shall provide the ways and means, exclusive of loans, to pay the interest of such debt or liability as it falls due, and also to pay and discharge the principal thereof within thirty-five years from the time it is contracted; and the law shall not be repealed until such debt or liability and the interest thereon are fully paid and discharged.” This constitutional provision does not apply to the creation of debts or liabilities for purposes of war, or to repel invasion, or to suppress insurrection or to meet emergencies caused by disaster or act of God (Article VIII, Sec. 2, para. 3) (the “Debt Limitation Clause”).
The Debt Limitation Clause was amended by the voters on November 4, 2008. The amendment provides that, beginning after the effective date of the amendment, the State legislature is prohibited from enacting any law that creates or authorizes the creation of a debt or liability of an autonomous State corporate entity, which debt or liability has a pledge of an annual appropriation as the means to pay the principal of and interest on such debt or liability, unless a law authorizing the creation of that debt or liability for some single object or work distinctly specified therein has been submitted to voters and approved by a majority of the legally qualified voters of the State voting thereon at a general election. The constitutional amendment does not require voter approval for any such law providing the means to pay the principal of and interest on such debt or liability subject to appropriations of an independent non-State source of revenue paid by third persons for the use of the single object or work thereof or from a source of State revenue otherwise required to be appropriated pursuant to another provision of the State constitution. Furthermore, voter approval is not needed for any law providing for the refinancing of all or a portion of any outstanding debts or liabilities of the State or of an autonomous State corporate entity provided that such law requires that the refinancing produces debt service savings.
State Finances and Estimates. On October 19, 2009, the State Treasurer reported that actual revenue collections for the first three months of fiscal year 2010 were $190 million less than expected at the time of enactment of the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act. Approximately $215 million of budgetary savings have been identified to cover this shortfall. Also on October 19th the Governor directed cabinet officials to identify an additional $200 million of cuts in departmental operating budgets by December 1, 2009. On November 5, 2009, this amount was increased to $400 million.
Through the end of October 2009 actual revenue collections continued to be less than the amounts estimated at the time of enactment of the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act. A revenue shortfall in addition to that described on October 19th of approximately $225 million has been identified, as well as the need for supplemental appropriations of approximately $350 million. That amount does not include $65 million in other supplemental appropriations that already had an identified funding source. During the fiscal year 2009 close-out process, the opening fund balance for fiscal year 2010 was reduced by $244 million from that reflected in the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act. Thus, the additional budget shortfall since October 19th is approximately $820 million.
Various revenue and expenditure actions have been identified to close the additional budget shortfall. The State expects to generate nearly $60 million in revenue from tax payments from individuals reporting offshore income and from implementation of the Powerball Lottery. The State also intends to make additional reductions in spending consisting of the $400 million of departmental operating reductions directed by the Governor on November 5, 2009, and up to $400 million of actions affecting major cost centers, including: school aid, municipal aid, higher education, hospitals and the State contribution to its pension plans.
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If all of these actions are taken, the ending fund balance for fiscal year 2010 is expected to remain at the $501 million level reflected in the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act.
Fiscal Year 2009 and Fiscal Year 2010 Estimated Revenues. Certain Taxes. The sales and use tax collections for fiscal year 2009 were estimated to decrease 6.9% from fiscal year 2008. The fiscal year 2010 estimate of $8,578.7 million is a 3.3% increase from fiscal year 2009. The gross income tax collections for fiscal year 2009 were estimated to decrease 18.4% from fiscal year 2008. The fiscal year 2010 estimate is a 1.1% increase from fiscal year 2009. The fiscal year 2009 and 2010 estimates include changes to the gross income tax to take into account the expansion of the New Jersey Earned Income Tax Credit in the amounts of $60.0 million and $55.0 million, respectively. The fiscal year 2010 estimate includes $1.0 billion of revenue from the following sources: $83.0 million from a one year increase in the tax rate on incomes from $400,000 to $500,000 from 6.37% to 8.0%; $620.0 million from a one year increase in the tax rate on income from $500,000 to $1,000,000 from 8.97% to 10.25%; $200.0 million from a one year increase in the tax rate on income over $1,000,000 from 8.97% to 10.75%; $100.0 million from a one year elimination of the property tax deduction for all non-seniors with income greater than $250,000 and a limited deduction up to $5,000 for tax payers earning from $150,000 to $250,000; and $8.0 million for taxing lottery winnings greater than $10,000. The corporation business tax collections for fiscal year 2009 were estimated to decrease 22.5% from fiscal year 2008. The fiscal year 2010 estimate is a 1.5% decrease from fiscal year 2009. The fiscal year 2010 estimate includes $80.0 million for the one year extension of the 4.0% surcharge, which was due to expire on June 30, 2009. It assumes slower growth in payments for calendar year 2009 associated with the anticipated slowdown in corporate pre-tax profit growth. The Casino Revenue Fund accounts for the taxes imposed on the casinos and other related activities. They include casino parking fees, per room per day fees on casino hotel rooms, a tax on casino complimentaries, and a tax on multi-casino progressive slot machine revenue. Collections for fiscal year 2009 were estimated to decrease 15.4% from fiscal year 2008. The fiscal year 2010 estimate is a 4.0% decrease from fiscal year 2009. The fiscal year 2009 and 2010 estimates reflect the phase down of certain provisions included in legislation enacted in fiscal year 2004, as well as the negative effect of slot machine venues that have opened in Pennsylvania, the implementation of a full smoking ban and general economic conditions.
Federal Aid. Actual federal aid receipts in the General Fund and Special Transportation Fund for fiscal years 2006 through 2008, which are non-budgeted revenues, amounted to $8,483.4 million, $8,759.4 million and $8,815.5 million, respectively. Federal receipts in the General Fund and the Special Transportation Fund for fiscal year 2009 were estimated at $11,979.8 million and are subject to adjustment, pending completion of the annual audit. Federal aid receipts in the General Fund and the Special Transportation Fund for fiscal year 2010 as contained in the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act are estimated to be $13,222.6 million. Such federal aid receipts for fiscal year 2010 are composed of $4,704.2 million for medical payments, $49.0 million for social services block grants, $670.5 million for welfare, $1,771.1 million for other human services, $1,970.2 million for Title I and other education, $420.2 million for labor, $988.5 million for transportation, and the remainder for all other federal aid programs.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) provides for federal fiscal stimulus funding to the State for fiscal years 2009 and 2010. The funding across both fiscal years totals approximately $3.0 billion. Fiscal year 2009 funding of $754.0 million reflects $587.0 million for enhanced Medicaid funding with the remainder primarily for fiscal stabilization, which the State used as a resource for the General Fund. For fiscal year 2010, the total funding of $2,255.3 million is primarily allocated as follows: $1,051.3 million for enhanced Medicaid funding, $1,128.7 million for fiscal stabilization (which will be used primarily to support education spending that generally would have been funded through State revenues) and $59.1 million for transportation projects
Appropriations. The State has made appropriations for principal and interest payments for general obligation bonds for fiscal years 2006 through 2009 in the amounts of $169.3 million, $427.8 million, $438.8 million, and $270.9 million, respectively. The Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act includes an appropriation in the amount of $261.1 million for fiscal year 2010, representing principal and interest payments for general obligation bonds.
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The fiscal year 2009 appropriations contained in the Fiscal Year 2009 Appropriations Act assumed a savings of $135.0 million from retiring and defeasing debt through use of $650.0 million appropriated from the Long-Term Obligation and Capital Expenditure Fund (“LTOCEF”). This debt retirement and defeasance was not implemented in fiscal year 2009 due to concerns about weakening General Fund revenues. A fiscal year 2009 supplemental appropriation of $135.0 million from the LTOCEF was authorized to meet general obligation bond principal and interest payments. The remainder of the LTOCEF was appropriated to help offset fiscal year 2009 revenue shortfalls in the Property Tax Relief Fund and to support the Governor’s economic stimulus program.
The fiscal year 2010 debt service appropriation of $261.1 million for general obligation bonds reflects the debt service after taking into account savings from restructuring of general obligation bonds which occurred in June 2009. In addition to general obligation debt service, the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act supports appropriation-backed debt service on bonds issued by various independent State authorities and entities. Appropriation-backed debt service totals $2.16 billion in the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act. Total general obligation and appropriation-backed debt service appropriated in fiscal year 2010 is $2.42 billion, or approximately 8.4% of total State appropriations. Total general obligation and appropriation-backed debt service in the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act includes projected increases in debt service as a result of the planned issuance of bonds after July 1, 2009 and is net of $456 million in projected one-time debt service savings due to planned debt restructurings, some of which have not yet occurred.
The fiscal year 2009 estimated appropriations exceeded the amount of estimated revenues for fiscal year 2009 by approximately $4.0 billion. In order to address this shortfall, significant reductions in spending, totaling over $3.4 billion, were made. In addition, nearly $600 million of the fiscal year 2009 beginning fund balance was used to support spending.
Appropriations for fiscal year 2010 will be supplemented by $2,255.3 million in federal stimulus funding under the ARRA. This temporary federal funding is estimated to include $1,051.3 million for support of Medicaid programs, $1,128.7 million for fiscal stabilization and $59.1 million for transportation projects. It is anticipated that an additional $540.0 million in Medicaid funding will be available to support program costs in fiscal year 2011. Of the $2,255.3 million, $1,715.3 million from ARRA is assumed to be one-time funding for fiscal year 2010 based on current federal legislation. The fiscal year 2010 appropriations also assume the receipt of $218.6 million in new federal funds, including $93.8 million of one-time Medicare revenue to offset State Medicaid expenses. The balance of $124.8 million is from the expected approval of federal waivers that will enable the State to earn a Medicaid match on medical costs that are currently 100% State funded. The Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act also includes $142.5 million of potentially non-recurring prior year federal reimbursements for costs incurred by the State. In absence of the availability of these funds, other budgetary actions would have been necessary to balance the State budget.
Fiscal year 2010 General Fund appropriations were reduced by $84.0 million as a result of the availability of funds from various dedicated sources. In addition, $38.0 million from dedicated sources was used as anticipated budgeted revenue in fiscal year 2010. Also, fiscal year 2010 appropriations to the Health Care Subsidy Fund have been reduced by $79.5 million due to the availability of a one-time $60.0 million transfer from the Surplus Lines Guaranty Fund and $19.5 million from a one-year tax increase on group accident and health insurance policies. These are assumed to be one-time savings that will not recur in fiscal year 2011.
The Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act contained reduced appropriations from fiscal year 2009 in certain categories. An 11.2% reduction in State Aid is predominantly due to reductions in State funding for education that are offset by federal fiscal stabilization funding under ARRA and to decreases in local employee benefits and municipal aid. A 16.4% reduction in Grants-in-Aid reflects decreases in Medicaid funding, New Jersey Transit and operating aid reductions to colleges and universities that are all offset by federal economic stimulus funding under ARRA. Further reductions also occurred in Homestead Rebates and unemployment compensation insurance. The 8.9% reduction in Direct State Services reflects savings from an Executive Branch wage freeze and employee furlough program, partially offset by increased benefits costs for State employees. The 9.5%
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decrease in Capital Construction reflects reductions in statewide capital projects and shore protection. The 3.6% reduction in Debt Service reflects projected debt service growth of $137.7 million offset by general obligation bond debt restructuring savings of $147.5 million.
Fiscal year 2010 savings of approximately $300 million will be achieved through employee furloughs and wage freezes; $176.0 million of this savings will not recur in fiscal year 2011. The Communications Workers of America, the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, and the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees unions, which represent over 49,000 full-time executive branch employees out of a total of about 76,000 full-time State employees (including judiciary branch employees), recently ratified a modified agreement with the State that will enable the achievement of savings from employee furloughs and wage freezes. This agreement will also be imposed on the nearly 6,000 non-aligned employees in the executive branch. The terms of the agreements include a total of 10 unpaid furlough days to be taken prior to July 1, 2010, and postponement until January 1, 2011 of a 3.5% cost of living adjustment (COLA) that was scheduled to take effect on July 1, 2009. The agreement stipulates that no additional unpaid leaves may be imposed prior to June 30, 2011, and includes a no layoff pledge for represented workers through January 1, 2011. If a represented worker is laid off prior to this date, then the State must immediately pay all employees the 3.5% COLA that was deferred until January 1, 2011 and must suspend the requirement for all State employees to take the 10 unpaid furlough days, pro-rated based on when the layoff occurred.
The economic difficulties experienced by the State and the nation have affected claims against, and the funding of, the State’s Unemployment Compensation Fund (the “Fund”). The Fund’s revenues are derived from unemployment compensation taxes on employers and employees. Under State law, the rates for employers are subject to automatic annual adjustment, as necessary, to maintain the Fund’s sufficiency. The Fund operates independently, and its obligations are not payable from the State’s General Fund. In fiscal years 2008 and 2009, the State made voluntary contributions of $260.0 million and $120.0 million, respectively, from the General Fund to the Fund in order to minimize the automatic annual adjustments that would have otherwise occurred. The Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act does not contain an appropriation to the Fund. To provide for sufficient cash flow to fund unemployment claims, commencing in March 2009, the State, under federal law, applied to the United States Department of Labor for cash advances. As of October 31, 2009, $789 million of such advances had been made. Until the economic conditions in the State improve, the total amount of such advances is likely to continue to increase. These advances are not obligations of the State’s General Fund.
Programs Funded in Fiscal Year 2010. Of the $28,990.5 million appropriated for fiscal year 2010 from the General Fund, the Property Tax Relief Fund, the Casino Control Fund, the Casino Revenue Fund and the Gubernatorial Elections Fund, $12,038.1 million (41.5%) is appropriated for State Aid, $9,590.0 million (33.1%) is appropriated for Grants-in-Aid, $6,009.6 million (20.7%) is appropriated for Direct State Services, $261.1 million (0.9%) is appropriated for Debt Service on State General Obligation Bonds and $1,091.7 million (3.8%) is appropriated for Capital Construction.
State Aid. State Aid is the largest portion of fiscal year 2010 appropriations. These consist of payments to, or on behalf of, counties, municipalities and school districts, to assist them in carrying out their local responsibilities. The largest State Aid appropriation, in the amount of $10,073.4 million, is provided for local preschool, elementary and secondary education programs. Of this amount, $7,480.6 million in formula aid for P-12 education is appropriated to be distributed in accordance with the School Funding Reform Act of 2008. $465.9 million is appropriated for the School Construction and Renovation Program, and $99.3 million is appropriated in School Building Aid; this funding services State school construction debt on new and existing bond issues, and provides aid for qualifying local debt issued for school construction. In addition, $1,757.5 million is appropriated on behalf of school districts as the employers’ share of the social security and teachers’ pensions and benefits programs. Appropriations to the Department of Community Affairs total $991.2 million in State Aid monies for fiscal year 2010. Consolidated Municipal Property Tax Relief Aid is appropriated in the amount of $776.8 million. Other existing programs funded by these appropriations include $117.4 million for Special Municipal Aid, $34.9 million for Trenton Capital City Aid, $24.5 million for Extraordinary Aid, $6.0 million for the Regional Efficiency Aid
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Program, $8.0 million for the Consolidation Fund, and $13.9 million for housing programs. Appropriations for the Department of Human Services total $453.6 million in State Aid monies for fiscal year 2010. The principal programs funded by these appropriations are $115.1 million for patients in county psychiatric hospitals and $338.5 million for various income maintenance programs for the economically disadvantaged. Appropriations for the Department of the Treasury total $396.7 million in State Aid monies for fiscal year 2010. The principal programs funded by these appropriations are aid to county colleges ($203.3 million) and the cost of senior citizens, disabled and veterans property tax deductions and exemptions ($89.0 million). These appropriations also include $27.0 million for County Solid Waste Debt Service Aid. $22.4 million is appropriated for the Department of Corrections for inmate addiction services at county penal facilities.
Grants-in-Aid. The second largest portion of the appropriations in fiscal year 2010 is for Grants-in-Aid. These represent payments to individuals or public or private agencies for benefits to which a recipient is entitled by law, or for the provision of services on behalf of the State. The amount appropriated in Fiscal Year 2010 for Grants-in-Aid is $9,590.0 million. $3,294.4 million is appropriated for programs administered by the Department of Human Services. Of that amount, $2,018.1 million is for medical services provided under the Medicaid program (excluding FamilyCare), $425.9 million is for community programs for the developmentally disabled, $338.3 million is for community programs for the mentally ill, $253.1 million is for assistance programs for the economically disadvantaged and homeless, $202.4 million is for health insurance for adults and children through the FamilyCare program, and $43.1 million is for addiction services. $1,732.9 million is appropriated for the Department of the Treasury. Included in that amount is $1,118.6 million for the fiscal year 2010 Homestead Rebate program, which will provide a property tax credit/rebate of up to 20% of the first $10,000 of property taxes paid by senior homeowners earning up to $150,000 and non-senior homeowners earning up to $75,000, and a rebate of $160 to $869 to senior tenants earning up to $100,000. Also included in the appropriation is $194.0 million for Business Employment Incentive Program grants, $172.5 million for the Senior and Disabled Citizen’s Property Tax Freeze, and $75.8 million for energy assistance programs in the Board of Public Utilities. $1,083.4 million is appropriated for programs administered by the Department of Health and Senior Services. Of that amount, $599.1 million is for medical services for the aged, $228.7 million is for pharmaceutical assistance to the aged and disabled, $91.4 million is for the Early Childhood Intervention Program, $35.1 million is for AIDS services, and $30.2 million is for other programs for the aged. $844.8 million is appropriated for State colleges and universities. Other higher education appropriations are $430.1 million for various grant programs including $329.5 million for student financial assistance, $17.5 million to support independent colleges and universities, $32.5 million for debt service for the Dormitory Safety Trust Fund, the Equipment Leasing Fund and the Higher Education Facilities Trust Fund, and $43.9 million for debt service on the Higher Education Capital Improvement Program. In addition, $792.6 million is appropriated for fringe benefit costs of State college and university employees. $762.1 million is appropriated for programs administered by the Department of Children and Families. Of that amount, $458.4 million is for child protective and permanency services, $244.3 million is for child behavioral health services, and $59.4 million is for community programs intended to prevent child abuse and neglect. $296.2 million is appropriated for the Department of Transportation for bus and railroad subsidies. $127.7 million is appropriated for the Department of Corrections (including the State Parole Board). The largest items of appropriation to the Department of Corrections are $30.0 million for payments to county penal facilities to house State inmates, $61.5 million for the purchase of community services and $36.1 million for alternative parole programs.
Direct State Services. The third largest portion of the appropriations in fiscal year 2010 is applied to Direct State Services, which support the operation of State government departments, the Executive Office, several commissions, the State Legislature and the judiciary. In Fiscal Year 2010, appropriations for Direct State Services aggregate to $6,009.6 million. Some of the major appropriations for Direct State Services during fiscal year 2010 are described below. $1,449.1 million is appropriated in the Interdepartmental Accounts for fringe benefits for active and retired State employees, including pensions ($67.7 million), health benefits ($915.7 million), employer taxes ($374.9 million), and a portion of the debt service on State Pension Funding bonds ($90.9 million) issued by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority. $1,006.7 million is appropriated for the Department of Corrections (including the State Parole Board) and $540.6 million is appropriated for the
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Department of Law and Public Safety (including the Juvenile Justice Commission). Among programs funded by those appropriations are the administration of the State’s correctional facilities and parole activities, and the investigative and enforcement activities of the State Police. $468.8 million is appropriated for programs administered by the Department of Human Services. Of that amount, $379.2 million is appropriated for mental health and developmentally disabled programs, including the operation of five psychiatric institutions ($288.0 million) and seven developmental centers ($66.5 million); $23.9 million is appropriated for administration of the various income maintenance programs, including Work First New Jersey; and $27.8 million is appropriated for administration of the Medicaid program. $323.7 million is appropriated for programs administered by the Department of Children and Families for various children’s services programs. $216.3 million is appropriated for the Department of Environmental Protection for the protection of air, land, water, forest, wildlife and shellfish resources and for the provision of outdoor recreational facilities. $81.9 million is appropriated for the Department of Labor and Workforce Development for the administration of programs for workers compensation, unemployment and temporary disability insurance, workforce development, health safety inspection, and the Civil Service Commission. $63.1 million is appropriated for the Department of Health and Senior Services for the prevention and treatment of diseases, regulation of health care facilities, the uncompensated care program and senior services programs. Of that amount, $7.6 million is recommended for anti-smoking programs. $56.5 million is appropriated for the Department of Transportation for the various programs it administers, such as the maintenance and improvement of the State highway system and winter operations.
Capital Construction. Capital construction is funded by a combination of appropriation of current revenues on a pay-as-you-go basis and bond proceeds. The Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act provides $1,091.7 million for this purpose. This amount includes $895.0 million for transportation projects and debt service, which is being credited to the Transportation Trust Fund Account of the General Fund. Of the remainder, $98.0 million is for payments to cover debt service on bonds issued for open space and farmland preservation and is being credited to the Garden State Preservation Trust Fund Account of the General Fund, $38.7 million is for hazardous substance remediation and brownfields, $25.3 million is for shore protection and flood control projects, $13.2 million is for capital improvements for parks, forestry and wildlife management areas, and $10.0 million is for energy efficiency projects. All appropriations for such capital projects are subject to the prior review and recommendation of the New Jersey Commission on Capital Budgeting and Planning (the “Commission”), which was established in November 1975. This permanent commission is charged with the preparation of the State’s seven-year Capital Improvement Plan. The Capital Improvement Plan is a detailed account of all capital construction projects requested by State departments, agencies and institutions of higher education for the next three fiscal years and forecasts as to the requirements for capital projects for the four fiscal years following. The Capital Improvement Plan includes the Commission’s recommendations as to the priority of such capital projects and the means of funding them. The Commission is also charged with reviewing and voting on the State’s annual Debt Report. The Debt Report includes information on the outstanding general obligation debt and debt service costs for the prior fiscal year, the current fiscal year, and the estimated amount for the subsequent five fiscal years. The Debt Report also provides similar information on capital leases and installment obligations.
For fiscal year 2010, requests for Capital Construction funding were substantially greater than the amount recommended by the Commission. The appropriations for Capital Construction contained in the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act are largely based on the recommendations of the Commission. There can be no assurance that the amounts appropriated are sufficient to maintain or improve the State’s capital facilities and infrastructure assets.
Debt Service on General Obligation Bonds. The State finances certain capital projects through the sale of general obligation bonds of the State. Those bonds are backed by the faith and credit of the State. Certain state tax revenues and certain other fees are pledged to meet the principal payments, interest payments, and redemption premium payments, if any, required to fully pay the bonds. The appropriation for debt service on the State’s general obligation bonds is $261.1 million for fiscal year 2010.
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Tax and Revenue Anticipation Notes. The State issues tax and revenue anticipation notes to aid in providing effective cash flow management by funding imbalances that occur in the collection and disbursement of the General Fund and Property Tax Relief Fund revenues. Such tax and revenue anticipation notes do not constitute a general obligation of the State or a debt or liability within the meaning of the State constitution. Such notes constitute special obligations of the State payable solely from monies on deposit in the General Fund and the Property Tax Relief Fund and legally available for such payment. On July 1, 2009 the State Treasurer adopted a resolution authorizing the issuance of up to $2.25 billion of Tax and Revenue Anticipation Notes, Series Fiscal 2010 (“2010 TRANs”). Additionally, on July 1, 2009 the State Treasurer entered into a Note Purchase Contract with J.P. Morgan under which the 2010 TRANs may be issued to and purchased by J.P. Morgan at the discretion of the State. It is expected that any 2010 TRANs issued to and purchased by J.P. Morgan under the Note Purchase Contract will be refunded and retired with the proceeds of a publicly offered series of 2010 TRANs. On August 12, 2009, the State issued $1,925,000,000 Tax and Revenue Anticipation Notes, Series Fiscal 2010B. None of the Series Fiscal 2010A TRANs, which were authorized to be sold to J.P. Morgan pursuant to the J.P. Morgan Note Purchase Contract, were issued. The J.P. Morgan Note Purchase Contract expired and is no longer in effect. The remaining $325 million of previously authorized but unissued 2010 TRANs were expected to be issued in December 2009. As of November 17, 2009, interfund borrowing of approximately $700 million has also been utilized as part of the State’s cash flow management actions.
Obligations Supported By State Revenue Subject To Annual Appropriation. The State has entered into a number of leases and contracts (collectively, the “Agreements”) with several governmental authorities, including, but not limited to, the Garden State Preservation Trust, New Jersey Building Authority, New Jersey Economic Development Authority, New Jersey Educational Facilities Authority, New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority, New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority, to secure the financing of various projects and programs in the State. Under the terms of the Agreements, the State has agreed to make payments equal to the debt service on, and other costs related to, the obligations sold to finance the projects, including payments on swap agreements. The State Legislature has no legal obligation to enact such appropriations, but has done so to date for all such obligations. The amounts appropriated to make such payments are included in the appropriation for the department, authority or other entity administering the program or in other line item appropriations. The principal amount of bonds which may be issued and the notional amount of swaps which may be entered into by such governmental authorities is, in certain cases, subject to specific statutory dollar ceilings or programmatic restrictions which effectively limit such amounts. In other cases, there are currently no such ceilings or limitations. In addition, the State Legislature may at any time impose, remove, increase or decrease applicable existing ceilings and impose, modify or remove programmatic restrictions. The State Legislature may also authorize new leases and contracts with the governmental authorities listed below or other governmental authorities to secure the financing of projects and programs in the future.
The State expects that additional obligations supported by State revenues subject to appropriation will be issued during fiscal year 2010 of approximately $2.8 billion under existing authorizations. The amount of such obligations issued in the future could be significant. The amendment to the Debt Limitation Clause, described under “Debt Limitations” herein, may reduce future authorizations of obligations supported by State revenues subject to appropriation. The State Legislature is not legally obligated to appropriate amounts for the payment of such debt service in any year, and there can be no assurance that the State Legislature will make any such appropriations. Future legislative action may depend in part on various factors including the financial condition of the State.
Variable Rate Bonds. During fiscal year 2008 significant problems developed in both the taxable and tax-exempt variable rate demand bond market and the auction rate bond market, whereby the “AAA” rated bond insurers’ exposure to the sub-prime mortgage crisis negatively affected the bonds that they insured. Several bond insurers experienced rating downgrades by some or all three rating agencies. A limited number of bond insurers remain rated “AAA” while others are below BBB- (non-investment grade). The “AAA” ratings were an essential part of the operation of the variable rate demand and auction rate bond markets, as many investors generally required a “AAA” rating as a minimum requirement for their purchase of such bonds.
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Various independent State authorities had $4.05 billion in variable rate bonds outstanding on January 1, 2008, of which $3.37 billion were auction rate bonds and $680.0 million were variable rate demand bonds. The payment of the debt service on such bonds is subject to annual appropriation by the State Legislature. The interest rates on these bonds increased substantially versus the interest rates in effect as of June 30, 2007. After January 1, 2008, when interest rates increased on both variable rate and auction rate bonds due to the downgrade in the ratings of certain bond insurers and the decisions by broker-dealers conducting auctions to stop purchasing auction rate bonds for their own accounts, the independent State authorities took actions to mitigate the increase in interest rates. Of the $3.37 billion of auction rate bonds outstanding, all had been restructured or refunded as either letter of credit-backed variable rate demand bonds or fixed rate bonds by September 2008.
A portion of the auction rate bonds were restructured or refunded with letter of credit backed variable rate demand bonds. As of June 30, 2009, the various independent State authorities had $2,045,940,000 of variable rate demand bonds outstanding with interest rates set daily or weekly. All variable rate demand bonds are backed by bank-issued letters of credit. The banks providing the letters of credit include: Allied Irish Bank, Bank of America, The Bank of New York Mellon, The Bank of Nova Scotia, Dexia Credit Local, Lloyds Bank and Wachovia Bank. Due to weakened credit quality of many banks globally, as well as the global financial crisis, interest rates on some bonds increased substantially for a short period of time in September and October 2008. All of the bonds remain outstanding with interest rates reflecting a narrow range around the national tax exempt short term index, SIFMA. There is no assurance that variable rate interest rates will not rise in the future.
Moral Obligation Financing. The authorizing legislation for certain State entities provides for specific budgetary procedures with respect to certain obligations issued by such entities. Pursuant to such legislation, a designated official is required to certify any deficiency in a debt service reserve fund maintained to meet payments of principal of and interest on the obligations, and a State appropriation in the amount of the deficiency is to be made. However, the State Legislature is not legally bound to make such an appropriation. Bonds issued pursuant to authorizing legislation of this type are sometimes referred to as moral obligation bonds. There is no statutory limitation on the amount of moral obligation bonds which may be issued by eligible State entities.
Funding Pension Plans. General. Almost all of the public employees of the State and its counties, municipalities and political subdivisions are members of pension plans administered by the State. The State operates seven defined benefit pension plans (collectively, the “Pension Plans”). Public Employees’ Retirement System (“PERS”) and Teachers’ Pension and Annuity Fund (“TPAF”) are the largest plans, which, as of June 30, 2008, the date of the latest actuarial valuations for all systems, covered 319,182 and 156,087 active members, respectively, and 134,555 and 76,068 retired members, respectively. The other systems are Police and Firemen’s Retirement System (“PFRS”) (as of June 30, 2008, 45,466 active members and 33,151 retired members), Consolidated Police and Firemen’s Pension Fund (“CP&FPF”) (as of June 30, 2008, no active members and 532 retired members), State Police Retirement System (“SPRS”) (as of June 30, 2008, 2,947 active members and 2,520 retired members), Judicial Retirement System (“JRS”) (as of June 30, 2008, 425 active members and 468 retired members) and Prison Officers’ Pension Fund (“POPF”) (as of June 30, 2008, no active members and 167 retired members). From June 30, 2003 to June 30, 2008, the total number of active members and retired members of all of the State-administered plans increased by 35,974 and 40,047, respectively, which represented increases of 7.4% and 19.3%, respectively.
The State is not the only employer sponsoring PERS and PFRS. Local governments within the State participate as employers as well. In both of these Pension Plans, the assets that the State and the local governments contribute are invested together and generate one investment rate of return. However, both of these Pension Plans segregate the active and retired members and the related actuarial liabilities between the State on one hand and the local governments on the other hand. As experience with the State’s active and retired members changes, these Pension Plans adjust the actuarial liabilities of the State without affecting the actuarial liabilities of the local governments, and the same occurs with the experience with the local governments’ active and retired members. As of June 30, 2008, those members of the PERS and PFRS for which the State is responsible for making contributions were, with respect to PERS, 95,331 active members and 42,170 retired members and, with respect to PFRS, 7,936 active members and 3,860 retired members.
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Although PERS and PFRS segregate the active and retired members of the State and the local governments, under certain State statutes, the State is responsible for making certain contributions to PFRS and PERS on behalf of local employers. With respect to PERS, the normal cost portion of the actuarially recommended contribution relating to the retirement benefit increase provided to the local governmental members of PERS under Chapter 133, P.L. 2001 continue to be charged against the Benefit Enhancement Fund that was established for the local governmental employer component of PERS (the “Local Governmental BEF”). The PERS actuarial valuation as of June 30, 2008 valued the Local Governmental BEF in the local governmental portion of PERS at approximately $368.4 million. Although local governmental employers participating in the PERS are, for the most part, responsible for funding the normal cost and the unfunded actuarial accrued liability relating to the local governmental members of PERS, Chapter 133 stipulates that if the assets in the Local Governmental BEF are insufficient to pay the normal cost portion of these increased retirement benefits for a valuation period, the State will pay that amount of this normal cost portion for the local employers not covered by the assets in the Local Governmental BEF. With respect to PFRS, the State makes a contribution with respect to active and retired members of the local governments to cover certain benefit enhancements. For the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 2009, the State expected to make a $13 million contribution, of which $5.8 million would be applied toward the cost of such enhanced benefits. For the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 2008, the State contributed $60.0 million toward enhanced benefits on behalf of local PFRS members.
State law regulates the administration of the Pension Plans. State law requires that all Pension Plans must conduct an actuarial valuation as of the end of each Fiscal Year. Buck Consultants, an ACS Company, serves as consulting actuary for below) for the Pension Plans. Informational copies of these reports as well as other financial information is available on the Division of Pensions and Benefits’ website at: http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/pensions/financial-rprts-home.htm. No information contained on the website of the Division of Pensions and Benefits is deemed incorporated herein by reference.
The purpose of an actuarial valuation is to calculate the actuarial accrued liability in each of the Pension Plans, which estimates on the basis of demographic and economic assumptions the present value of benefits each of the Pension Plans will pay to its retired members and active members upon retirement. The State contracts with the independent actuaries that provide annual actuarial valuations for each of the Pension Plans, performed in accordance with State statutes and generally recognized and accepted actuarial principles and practices. The actuarial valuation compares the actuarial accrued liability with the actuarial value of assets and any excess of that liability over the assets forms an unfunded actuarial accrued liability (“UAAL”) of the applicable Pension Plan. An actuarial valuation will express the percentage that a Pension Plan is funded through a “Funded Ratio” which represents the quotient obtained by dividing the actuarial value of assets of the Pension Plan by the actuarial accrued liability of the Pension Plan. An actuarial valuation will also state an actuarially recommended contribution rate, which is a recommended rate of covered payroll that the State and other sponsoring employers contribute to the applicable Pension Plan. The actuarially recommended contribution consists of two components: (1) normal cost, which represents the portion of the present value of retirement benefits that are allocable to active members’ current year service, and (2) an amortized portion of the UAAL.
Ordinarily, the actuarial valuations of the Pension Plans are completed approximately 6-8 months after the end of a fiscal year. As a result, the actuarially recommended contribution rates of the actuarial valuations of the Pension Plans (other than for the PFRS) apply not to the fiscal year immediately following the fiscal year covered by the actuarial valuations but the second immediately following fiscal year. For example, the actuarially recommended rates of contribution in the actuarial valuations of the Pension Plans as of June 30, 2007 are applicable to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009. For PFRS, however, the contributions specified in an actuarial valuation apply to the third fiscal year following the fiscal year covered by the actuarial valuation.
To calculate the actuarial value of assets and actuarial accrued liability of each of the Pension Plans, the actuarial valuations use several actuarial assumptions. Some examples of these assumptions include an expected rate of return of assets, age of retirement of active members, future pay increases for current employees, assumed rates of disability and post-employment life expectances of retirees and beneficiaries. If the experience of the
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Pension Plans is different from these assumptions, the UAAL of the Pension Plans may increase or decrease to the extent of any variances. Consequently, the actuarially recommended rates of contribution may be affected, which may increase the amount of the State’s contributions to the Pension Plans.
In the case of the expected rate of return of assets, the actual rate of return on the Pension Plans depends on the performance of their respective investment portfolios. The investment portfolios of the respective Pension Plans can be highly volatile. The value of the securities in the investment portfolios can dramatically change from one fiscal year to the next, which could, in turn, cause substantial increases or decreases in the applicable UAAL. For fiscal year 2008, the rate of return of the assets of the Pension Plans was negative 2.9%, causing the UAAL of the Pension Plans to increase between fiscal year 2007 and fiscal year 2008. For fiscal year 2009, the estimated year-end return was negative 14.2%. Due to the negative investment return for fiscal year 2009, the UAAL will continue to increase and the funding ratios of the Pension Plans will correspondingly decrease. Based on current market conditions there is no assurance that such negative trends will not continue in fiscal year 2010 and beyond.
In addition, the actuarial valuations of the Pension Plans use several actuarial methods to calculate the actuarial value of assets and actuarial accrued liability of the Pension Plans. For example, the Pension Plans use an asset valuation method of smoothing the difference between the market value of assets and the actuarial value of assets over a five-year period to prevent extreme fluctuations that may result from temporary or cyclical economic and market conditions. As of June 30, 2008, the aggregate market value of all of the assets of the Pension Plans, as determined by the Pension Plans’ actuaries, was approximately $82.0 billion, which amount included contribution receivables from the State and local employers. To the extent those receivables do not materialize, adjustments will be made by the actuaries in the next year’s valuations. As of June 30, 2008, the aggregate actuarial value of all assets of the Pension Plans was $91.4 billion. Based on those figures, the Pension Plans have a net unsmoothed loss of approximately $9.4 billion.
The Pension Plans use an amortization method that calculates the amount of the UAAL that is included in the actuarially recommended rates of contribution based on the assumption in each year’s actuarial valuation that the State (and other sponsoring employers, as applicable) will amortize the UAAL over a 30-year period as a level percent of pay. This means that the actuarial valuation assumes that the portion of the UAAL that the State will amortize in each of the years in the 30-year period will represent the same percentage of payroll for the covered employees in those years. The actuarial valuations of the Pension Plans assume that the payroll for such covered employees will increase by 4.0% in each year, which means that the amount of this payroll will be the smallest dollar amount in the first year of the assumed amortization period. As a consequence of this method, even if the State were to contribute to the Pension Plans the full amount of the actuarially recommended contributions, the UAAL for the Pension Plans will continue to rise indefinitely, so long as all of the other actuarial assumptions of the Pension Plans are realized. Furthermore, if the UAAL of a Pension Plan rises from one year to the next, then the actuarial valuations will once again use the full 30-year amortization period which can result in the State not effectively amortizing the UAAL of the Pension Plans.
State law also requires the Pension Plans to conduct experience investigations every three years, which examine the demographic and economic assumptions used in the Pension Plans’ actuarial valuations to ensure that those assumptions are consistent with the Pension Plans’ respective historical experiences. Changes recommended by the actuaries are reviewed and considered for implementation by the appropriate Pension Board.
State law provides that any changes in the retirement benefits of the Pension Plans or any changes in the funding methods of the Pension Plans must be approved by the State Legislature, and that each bill submitted to the State Legislature must be accompanied by a fiscal note stating the cost of the proposal. The State Legislature is under no requirement to adopt the recommendations of an actuary in determining the funding of the Pension Plans. State law provides that the retirement benefits of the Pension Plans are not subject to negotiations between the State and other public employers and the employee members of the Pension Plans. Since the Pension Plans
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are governed by State law, any increases or decreases to the retirement benefits paid by the Pension Plans must be authorized by the State Legislature and approved by the Governor. The State’s annual contribution to the Pension Plans is contingent upon the annual Appropriations Act, which is also subject to the approval of the State Legislature and the Governor. Due to budgetary constraints, the amounts appropriated as the State’s contribution to the Pension Plans for a Fiscal Year are expected to be less than the actuarially recommended contributions.
The Division of Investment of the New Jersey Department of the Treasury, which is under the independent supervision of the State Investment Council, invests the assets of the Pension Plans. State law regulates the types of investments which are permitted.
In PERS, the State makes employer contributions for State employees while counties, municipalities, school districts and local public agencies make such contributions for their employee members. The State, rather than local school boards, pays the employer contributions to TPAF, including the employer’s share of the Social Security tax, with respect to public school teachers in the State. The PFRS is primarily established for municipal policemen and firemen. The State’s participation in this Pension Plan is limited to those State-employed law enforcement officers who have been permitted to enroll therein.
The State is solely responsible for funding the benefits of the SPRS, JRS, CP&FPF and the POPF. The CP&FPF and the POPF are closed plans and not open to new membership.
Benefits. Nearly all State employees participate in one of the Pension Plans, with eight to ten years of employment required before retirement benefits become vested. Upon retirement, members of PERS and TPAF are eligible for annual retirement benefits equal to 1/55 of final average compensation for each year of service credit. This is in accordance with legislation enacted by the State Legislature in 2001 which increased the retirement benefits under PERS and TPAF by changing the retirement benefit formula from 1/60 to 1/55 of final average compensation for each year of service. Final average compensation equals the average compensation for the final three years of service before retirement or highest three years’ compensation if other than the final three years. Also available to such participants are an early retirement benefit after 25 years of service and a veteran’s retirement benefit after 20 and 25 years of service, if age requirements for those retirement benefits are met.
After a participant in one of the Pension Plans has been retired for two years, the participant is eligible for the pension adjustment program, which provides for an adjustment in retirement benefits. The pension adjustment program is non-contributory and covers all eligible retirees and survivors of the Pension Plans. Eligible retirees and their survivors are those who have been retired at least 24 months. The percentage adjustment is 60.0% of the change in the Consumer Price Index from the year of retirement to the year immediately preceding the year of adjustment (there is no cap on the amount of such increase). In all Pension Plans, except CP&FPF and POPF, the Pension Plans directly fund the cost-of-living increases and these cost-of-living increases are included in the actuarial accrued liability of the Pension Plans. The State funds cost-of-living increases in the CP&FPF and POPF on a “pay-as-you-go” basis.
From fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2008 the total net assets of all of the Pension Plans, which include the assets relating to State and local government active and retired members, as reported in their respective Audited Financial Reports, increased by $18.7 billion from $64.3 billion to $83.0 billion and the annual total expenditures incurred by the Pension Plans over the same period increased by $2.1 billion from $4.4 billion to $6.5 billion. The amount of these expenditures is expected to increase in future fiscal years. This resulted in an increase in the Annual Expenditures to Net Assets Ratio from 6.87% for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003 to 7.88% for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008. It is likely that the Annual Expenditures to Net Assets Ratio will worsen and increase in future fiscal years. Net assets represent the difference between a Pension Plan’s total assets and its liabilities and mainly consist of investment holdings, which are stated at market value, and member and employer receivables. Expenditures include retirement benefit payments, including cost-of-living adjustments, contributory and noncontributory death benefit payments, member withdrawals and administrative expenses.
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Significant and Recent Legislative Changes Affecting Benefit Levels. The State Legislature has in the past adopted laws that increased the retirement benefits payable by the Pension Plans. The result of these increases in retirement benefits was to increase the actuarial accrued liability of the affected Pension Plans which also had the effect of increasing the actuarially recommended contributions for the State for the affected Pension Plans. For example, on June 24, 2008, Governor Corzine signed an Early Retirement Incentive program into law for certain full-time employees of the Executive and Judicial Branches of State government. The increase in the unfunded aggregate UAAL of the Pension Plans caused by the Early Retirement Incentive program for the 1,488 State employees who elected to retire under this program is estimated to be $184.7 million. The State Legislature may from time to time in the future adopt additional legislation increasing the retirement benefits payable under the Pension Plans.
In addition, the State Legislature has in the past adopted laws that limited future retirement benefits payable by the Pension Plans. These laws are expected to limit the future growth of the actuarial accrued liability of the affected Pension Plans which also has the effect of limiting the growth of the actuarially recommended contributions for the State for the affected Pension Plans in future plan years. For example, the State Legislature adopted laws for the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 2009 which raised the minimum annual salary required to establish eligibility for membership under certain Pension Plans and increased the retirement age at which full pension benefits are payable from 60 to 62 for certain employees hired on or after November 2, 2008. The State Legislature also adopted laws in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2007 which raised the employee contribution rate for PERS and TPAF active members from 5.0% to 5.5%, raised the early retirement age at which full retirement benefits are payable from 55 to 60 for new employees enrolled in the PERS and TPAF on or after July 1, 2007, and provides that new employees hired on or after July 1, 2007 are subject to a maximum compensation limit for PERS and TPAF pension contributions. The State Legislature may from time to time in the future adopt additional legislation limiting the future retirement benefits payable under the Pension Plans.
Calculations of actuarial accrued liability reflect legislation in effect at the time calculations are made. Legislation enacted after any such calculation could significantly increase or decrease the actuarial accrued liability reflected in any such calculations.
Current and Historical Contributions and Funding Status. From fiscal year 1997 through fiscal year 2003, the State made minimal contributions to the Pension Plans because the actuarial value of the assets in each of the Pension Plans exceeded the actuarial accrued liability and the State used that excess as a credit against the actuarially recommended contributions. Beginning with the actuarial valuations of the Pension Plans as of June 30, 2002, several of the Pension Plans (including PERS and TPAF) suffered from adverse market conditions and the Funded Ratio of these Pension Plans declined rapidly. As a result, the actuarial recommended contributions in those actuarial valuations steeply increased and the State was not financially in the position to absorb the entire amount of the actuarially recommended contributions. As a consequence, the State adopted a “phase-in” approach to financing the State’s contributions to the Pension Plans. Under this approach, since fiscal year 2004, which was the first year in which these increased actuarially recommended contributions applied, the State has not paid the aggregate actuarially recommended contributions to the Pension Plans (taking the Pension Plans as a whole). For fiscal years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the State paid approximately 20.0%, 30.0%, 40.0%, 57.5%, and 50.1%, respectively, of the total actuarially recommended contributions of all of the Pension Plans.
However, for PERS and TPAF, the State’s Appropriation Acts for the Fiscal Years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006 authorized the use of the Benefit Enhancement Fund (the “State BEF’) to cover the phase-in costs for those years. The State BEF is a special reserve fund within PERS and TPAF to which the required normal contributions to provide retirement benefit increases under P.L. 2001, Chapter 353 and P.L. 2001, Chapter 133, was charged. The fund was established in fiscal year 2002 and credited with excess assets equivalent to member contributions for fiscal years 2000 and 2001 by transferring reserves in the Contingent Reserve Fund to the State BEF. Amounts in the State BEF for each of PERS and TPAF were calculated within the respective actuarial value of assets and the related retirement benefits were calculated within the respective actuarial accrued
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liabilities. Therefore, because the State used amounts from the State BEF to satisfy its contributions in fiscal years 2004 through 2006, from an actuarial perspective, the State did not contribute any funds to PERS or TPAF in fiscal years 2004 and 2005 and the State contributed minimal amounts in fiscal year 2006. The State BEF became fully depleted in fiscal year 2006 and the State made a contribution to PERS and TPAF representing approximately 57.5% of the actuarially recommended contributions of those Pension Plans for fiscal year 2007.
For fiscal year 2009, although $1.047 billion was included in the Fiscal Year 2009 Appropriations Act as the State’s pension contribution to the Pension Plans, it was expected that the State would contribute only $263.1 million to the Pension Plans due to continuing budgetary problems caused by the economic crisis. The State later reduced the projected contribution amount for fiscal year 2009 to $106.3 million, representing only 4.8% of the total actuarially recommended contribution to the Pension Plans of $2.231 billion and only 10.2% of the amount included in the Fiscal Year 2009 Appropriations Act. This anticipated contribution, which was due on June 30, 2009, had not yet been paid by the State as of November 23, 2009. Fiscal year 2009 appropriations were reserved to make the payment and it was expected to be made pending completion of the fiscal year 2009 close out process. Barring any unexpected developments relating to the close out of the fiscal year 2009 results, the payment will be made. For fiscal year 2010, $100 million is included in the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act as the State’s contribution to the Pension Plans. This contribution represents only 4% of the total actuarially recommended contribution for the State to the Pension Plans of $2.519 billion. These reductions in the State’s pension contribution for fiscal year 2009 and fiscal year 2010, absent significant improvement in investment returns or actions resulting in changes to liabilities of the Pension Plans, are expected to cause the UAAL of the Pension Plans to increase significantly, which would lower the overall funded ratio of the Pension Plans and increase the need for future State pension contributions to ensure the fiscal integrity of the Pension Plans. No assurances can be given as to the level of the State’s pension contributions in future fiscal years.
Effect of State’s Pension Plan Funding Actions. While the State increased its contributions to more significant levels for fiscal years 2007 and 2008, as a result of deteriorating economic conditions for fiscal year 2009, the State estimated that it would pay only approximately 4.8% of the actuarially recommended contributions. For fiscal year 2010, the State estimates that it will pay approximately 4% of the actuarially recommended contribution. As of November 23, 2009, the anticipated fiscal year 2009 contribution, which was due on June 30, 2009, had not yet been paid by the State. Fiscal year 2009 appropriations were reserved to make the payment and it was expected to be made pending completion of the fiscal year 2009 close out process. The Pension Plans have experienced increasing deterioration in their funded status as a result of these low levels of State funding which has been exacerbated by recent declines in the valuations of fund assets. The aggregate Funded Ratio of the Pension Plans declined from approximately 100.8% as of June 30, 2002 to 69.6% as of June 30, 2008, and absent an unanticipated increase in the value of fund assets will decline further for fiscal years 2009 and 2010. In order to maintain the long-term fiscal integrity of the Pension Funds and their ability to pay required benefits to the members of the Pension Plans, a combination of some or all of the following will be required: (i) substantially increased contributions by the State, (ii) significantly increased investment returns, or (iii) actions resulting in changes to liabilities of the Pension Plans. Any significant increase in State contributions would in turn create a significant burden on all aspects of the State’s budget. No assurances can be given as to the level of the State’s pension contributions in future fiscal years.
Recent Developments on Pension Plans and on the State’s Financial Condition. The State expects that the UAAL of the Pension Plans as of June 30, 2009 will probably experience a substantial increase as a result of losses on their investment portfolio. For the period from July 1, 2008 through June 30, 2009, the State estimated that the investment portfolio of the Pension Plans declined by approximately 14.2% to $63.2 billion from $78.2 billion at June 30, 2008. Based on current economic conditions, no assurance can be given that such substantial increases will not continue for fiscal year 2010 and beyond.
As discussed above, the UAAL of the Pension Plans has also consistently risen since fiscal year 2004 and was expected to experience a substantial increase as of the end of fiscal year 2009 as a result of the State not
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contributing the full actuarially recommended contributions and the recent poor investment performance of the Pension Plans. This element of the increase in the UAAL is also expected to continue to increase in fiscal year 2010 and possibly beyond.
The UAAL also makes numerous economic and demographic assumptions such as how high inflation will rise in the future, when the members of the Pension Plans will retire, how long these members will live and how many of these members will become disabled. If any of these assumptions prove to be materially worse than assumed, any resulting increase in the UAAL could be substantial, with the result that the financial condition of the Pension Plans would be worse than presented above.
The deterioration of the financial condition of the Pension Plans reflected by the increasing UAAL may have two consequences. First, the deterioration increases the amount of future actuarially recommended contributions of the State which has the effect of deferring a substantial portion of the State’s funding responsibilities to future fiscal years. Second, the deterioration reduces the amount of assets the Pension Plans have to pay benefits to their members. As discussed above, as the financial condition of the Pension Plans has deteriorated, the Pension Plans’ Annual Expenditures to Net Assets Ratio has steadily increased and for fiscal year 2008 was 7.88%. Although the accumulation of assets in the Pension Plans does not jeopardize the payment of pension benefits in the short term, the long-term effect of continuation of a funding policy that allows the State to contribute less than the aggregate actuarially recommended contributions could affect at some point, the Pension Plans’ ability to meet their obligations absent significant additional contributions by the State, increased investment returns or actions resulting in changes to liabilities of the Pension Plans. Future increased contributions by the State in future fiscal years, depending on the magnitude, would likely create a significant burden on all aspects of the State’s budget. No assurances can be given as to the level of the State’s pension contributions in future fiscal years.
Other Benefit Programs. In addition to these defined benefit programs, the State also maintains the Alternate Benefit Program (“ABP”), which is a defined contribution plan for eligible employees of the public institutions of higher education in the State. Employer and employee contributions under the ABP are paid to authorized investment carriers who offer participants a variety of investment choices. The six investment carriers for this program are ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company, Met Life (formerly Travelers/CitiStreet), TIAA-CREF, MG VALIC, AXA Financial (Equitable) and The Hartford. The State pays the employer pension contribution to the ABP at a rate equal to 8.0% of the member’s base salary. In addition, the State provides funding to cover the cost of noncontributory group life insurance and long-term disability insurance coverage for ABP participants. For fiscal years 2008 and 2009, the State appropriated $158.3 million and $166.5 million, respectively, to cover pension contributions and to provide funding for noncontributory group life insurance and long-term disability benefits. For fiscal year 2010, the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act includes $174.7 million as the State’s contribution to the ABP to cover pension, noncontributory group life insurance, and long-term disability benefit costs. Since the ABP is a defined contribution plan and not a defined benefit plan, the State’s sole obligation with respect to the ABP is to make the annual contributions, and the State has no responsibility to ensure that the participating employees ultimately receive a level of benefit.
The State also administers the Central Pension Fund (“CPF”), which is a single-employer noncontributory defined benefit plan for certain groups that are not included in other State-administered systems. The State funds the CPF on a pay-as-you-go basis. There are no State or local government employees covered by the CPF.
The State funds noncontributory insurance benefit costs for active and retired State employees. State appropriations are received on a monthly basis to cover actual benefit charges incurred and payable to beneficiaries of active and retired State employees plus administrative fees charged by the insurance providers. The State funds these benefit costs on a pay-as-you-go basis and does not actuarially determine the future liability of these benefit costs. The State has appropriated $68.7 million to cover noncontributory insurance benefit costs of the Pension Plans for fiscal year 2009. For fiscal year 2010, the Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act includes $72.4 million for noncontributory insurance benefits for the Pension Plans. The State expects that its noncontributory insurance benefit costs will increase in future fiscal years.
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The State Legislature adopted legislation, P.L. 2007, c. 92, as amended by P.L. 2007, c. 103 and P.L. 2008, c. 89, in fiscal year 2007, which required the establishment of the Defined Contribution Retirement Program (the “DCRP”), which is a new defined contribution plan for elected and appointed officials and for certain PERS and TPAF employees subject to a maximum compensation limit. The employee contribution rate for the DCRP is 5.5%. Employers are required to contribute an additional 3.0% of base salary on behalf of employees enrolled in the plan. With regard to PERS and TPAF members enrolled in the DCRP, contributions are based on compensation in excess of the Social Security maximum.
SEC Inquiry. The Division of Pensions and Benefits was contacted in late April 2007 by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding a confidential, informal inquiry into New Jersey’s pension system. The SEC asked for information as part of its fact finding inquiry, which it is sharing with the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey. The State is cooperating fully and is providing information in response to the SEC’s requests. The State is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of such inquiry.
Funding Post-Retirement Medical Benefits. In addition to the pension benefits, the State provides post-retirement medical (“PRM”) benefits for certain State and other retired employees meeting the service credit eligibility requirements. This includes retired State employees of PERS, TPAF, PFRS, SPRS, JRS and ABP; local retired TPAF and other school board employees; and some local PFRS retirees. To become eligible for this State-paid benefit, a member of these Pension Plans must retire with 25 or more years of pension service credit or on a disability pension. These benefits are provided through the State Health Benefits Program (“SHBP”) and the recently established School Employees’ Health Benefits Program (“SEHPB”), created under the provisions of P.L. 2007, Chapter 103 to provide medical and prescription drug coverage to active and retired education employees beginning July 1, 2008. The SHBP and the SEHBP are administered by the Division of Pensions and Benefits. The benefits provided include medical, prescription drug, mental health/substance abuse and Medicare Part B reimbursement for covered retirees, spouses and dependents. In fiscal year 2009, the State paid PRM benefits for 108,384 State and local retirees.
The State funds post-retirement medical benefits on a “pay-as-you-go” basis, which means that the State does not pre-fund, or otherwise establish a reserve or other pool of assets against the PRM expenses that the State may incur in future years. For fiscal year 2009, the State expended $1.066 billion to pay for PRM benefits for the eligible retirees in these groups mentioned above. The Fiscal Year 2010 Appropriations Act appropriates $1.193 billion to cover anticipated pay-as-you-go PRM costs.
In accordance with the provisions of GASB Statements No. 43 and 45, the State is required to quantify and disclose its obligations to pay PRM to current and future retirees. GASB Statement No. 43, Financial Reporting for Post-employment Benefit Plans Other Than Pensions is effective for the SHBP beginning with fiscal year 2007 (July 1, 2006 — June 30, 2007). GASB Statement No. 45, Accounting and Reporting by Employers for Post-employment Benefits Other Than Pensions is effective for the State beginning with fiscal year 2008 (July 1, 2007 — June 30, 2008). Based on the most recent valuation of these benefits and as summarized in the report, “Postemployment Benefits Other Than Pension Actuarial Valuation,” submitted to the Division of Pensions and Benefits by AON Consulting (AON) in July 2009, which is currently under review and has not yet been finalized, the fiscal year 2009 actuarial accrued liability of the State to provide PRM to active and retired members of the pension plans has been measured at $55,913.5 million. GASB 45 does not impose any requirement on the State to pre-fund its PRM actuarial accrued liability.
New York
The following information relates specifically to the Columbia New York Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund and the Columbia New York Tax Exempt Fund (either, the “Fund”). This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts for the Fund. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, this information has been obtained from the
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proposed 2010-11 Executive Budget of the State, as well as official statements, prospectuses, annual information statements (including the Second Quarterly Update dated November 3, 2009 to the Annual Information Statement dated May 15, 2009), comprehensive annual financial reports and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of the State of New York (“New York” or the “State”) and public authorities in New York generally available as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. The Fund assumes that all such material was prepared and published in a manner consistent with standards of disclosure. Further, all estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
The Fund is more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of New York municipal securities than comparable municipal bond funds that do not focus on investments in New York issuers.
The New York State Economy. Recent data indicate that the New York State economy deteriorated more quickly during the first half of 2009 than had been anticipated in July when the First Quarterly Update to the Annual Information Statement (“AIS”) was released. Such update is hereinafter referred to as the “First Quarterly Update.” The declines in private sector employment and wages for the first quarter of 2009 were steeper than originally anticipated, and there are indications that the same is true for the second quarter as well. Financial market weakness in early 2009, along with a steep decline in high-value real estate market transactions, has resulted in a downward revision to the level of capital gains realizations estimated for the current year.
Weak credit market conditions and rising debt default rates are expected to continue to put downward pressure on the State’s income and tax base by continuing to depress household spending and real estate activity. Real estate market risks are particularly great in the commercial sector where high-value transactions contribute significantly to state and local government revenues, in part through taxable capital gains realizations. Declines in capital gains realizations tend to reduce taxable income among taxpayers paying the highest marginal rates and, as a result, have a disproportionately large effect on personal income tax receipts. These effects could ripple through the economy, further depressing both employment and wage growth. In contrast, should the national and world economies grow faster than expected, a stronger upturn in stock prices, along with other stronger financial market activity, could result in higher wage and bonus growth than projected.
State Employment and Income Rates. The unemployment rate for the State was 5.0% in 2005, 4.6% in 2006, 4.5% in 2007, and 5.4% in 2008. The national unemployment rate was 5.1% in 2005, 4.6% in 2006, 4.6% in 2007, and 5.8% in 2008. As of December 2009, the unemployment rate in the State was 8.8%, compared with a national rate of 10.0%. State employment is now projected to decline 0.5% for 2010, following a decline of 2.3% for 2009. Private sector employment is projected to fall 0.6% for 2010, following a decline of 2.8% for 2009. Job declines continue to be led by the manufacturing, construction and financial services sectors, all of which pay salaries that are higher than the statewide average. Declines in financial services employment appear to be having a large effect on household spending, as evidenced by the unprecedented large declines observed in taxable sales, particularly downstate.
The effect of the current downturn on State wages appears to be even greater than estimated in July. State wages fell 15.0% in the first quarter of 2009, about two percentage points greater than the July estimate and the largest quarterly decline in wages in the history of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (“QCEW”) data. The unprecedented decline in State wages estimated for the first quarter of 2009 largely reflects the effect of securities industry losses on bonus compensation. The State Division of Budget (“DOB”) projected a decline of 5.8% in total State wages for 2009, which would also be the largest annual decline in the history of QCEW data, but DOB projects growth in total State wages of 2.1% for 2010, with finance and insurance bonuses projected to fall 22.0% for the 2009-10 State fiscal year.
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DOB’s outlook for the State economy calls for the current recession ending by the second half of 2010. However, there exists significant downside risk to the projected timing and strength of the coming recovery, given the historically unprecedented decline in wages being witnessed during the current recession. The declines appear to be greatest among the State’s high-wage economic sectors, heightening the risk to revenues. As always, all of the risks to the U.S. forecast apply to the State forecast as well, although financial market uncertainty poses a particularly large degree of risk for New York. A larger than anticipated correction to the recent equity market rally could result in a reversal in the recovery of Wall Street profits and a larger decline in 2009-10 bonuses.
State Funds. The State accounts for all of its spending and revenues by the fund in which the activity takes place (such as the General Fund), and the broad category or purpose of that activity (such as State operations). The State constitution requires the Governor to submit an Executive Budget that is balanced on a cash basis in the General Fund — the Fund that receives the majority of State taxes, and all income not earmarked for a particular program or activity. Since this is the fund that is required to be balanced, the focus of the State’s budget discussion is often weighted toward the General Fund.
The State also reports disbursements and receipts activity by two other broad measures: State Operating Funds, which includes the General Fund and funds specified for dedicated purposes, but excludes Federal Funds and Capital Projects Funds; and All Governmental Funds (“All Funds”), which includes both State and Federal Funds and provides the most comprehensive view of the financial operations of the State. Fund types of the State include: the General Fund (as detailed below); State special revenue funds (“SRFs”), which receive certain dedicated taxes, fees and other revenues that are used for a specified purpose; Federal SRFs, which receive Federal grants; State and Federal Capital Projects Funds, which account for costs incurred in the construction and reconstruction of roads, bridges, prisons and other infrastructure projects; and Debt Service Funds, which pay principal, interest and related expenses on long-term bonds issued by the State and its public authorities.
The General Fund. The General Fund is the most significant of the State’s funds. Most tax revenues and certain miscellaneous revenues are recorded in the General Fund, and all income not earmarked for a particular program or activity is deposited in the General Fund. Expenditures in the form of aid to local governments for their general purposes (e.g., State-local revenue sharing) and to school districts and municipalities for certain specific purposes (e.g., education and social services) are made from the Local Assistance account of the State’s General Fund. These payments, often based on specific legislated formulas, are nevertheless limited under the State constitution to appropriations in force. Expenditures from the Local Assistance account normally comprise approximately 60% of General Fund expenditures.
General Fund receipts, including transfers from other funds, are estimated to total $51.7 billion, a decrease of $658 million from the amount projected in the First Quarterly Update. Tax receipts, excluding the effect of revisions to the State’s School Tax Relief program (“STAR”) and debt service (which are unrelated to underlying collection experience), have been revised downward by $1.2 billion. This is offset in part by higher miscellaneous receipts ($169 million), lower estimated spending in STAR ($85 million), and the expected implementation of administrative Debt Reduction Plan actions affecting receipts ($272 million).
Tax receipt estimates for the current fiscal year have been revised downward in the Second Quarterly Update, as the State economy has deteriorated more quickly than anticipated during the first half of 2009. Estimated General Fund tax receipts in the current year have been lowered by $1.2 billion since the First Quarterly Update, due almost entirely to a reduction in personal income tax (“PIT”) collections. In addition, the anticipated increase in PIT collections due to the high income surcharge has not fully materialized as expected, although some of the shortfall may be due to timing. In the absence of the surcharge enacted in 2009-10 and other law changes, it is estimated that PIT liability for 2009 would have fallen 14.5%. In the current year, the downward revisions to the PIT forecast are partly offset by a decline in the amount to be deposited into the STAR Fund.
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Projected business tax collections for 2009-10 have been lowered by $133 million compared to the First Quarterly Update, mainly due to overall economic weakness. Furthermore, sales tax collections were weaker than forecast as the historic decline in State wages estimated for the current year is having an even more adverse impact on State household spending than expected, particularly for automobiles and other large consumer items.
General Fund tax receipts estimates for 2010-11 have been reduced by $1.5 billion compared to the First Quarterly Update. The lower PIT base for the current fiscal year is estimated to account for most of this downward revision. All Funds’ net PIT receipts for 2010-11 are projected to increase by $2.9 billion (8.4%) over the prior year to $38 billion, with withholding growth of $1.5 billion (5.2%), which primarily reflects a recovery in wage growth consistent with the expected pace of the State’s economic recovery and application of higher withholding rates to first quarter 2010 bonus payments. Estimated tax payments of $8.6 billion are projected for tax year 2010, or $1 billion (13.2%) above the prior year. This increase reflects an expected acceleration in capital gains realizations as taxpayers are expected to react to the scheduled expiration of lower Federal capital gains tax rates at the end of 2010.
General Fund business tax receipts for 2010-11 are now projected to increase by $296 million, or 5.6%, from the current year, to $5.6 billion, representing a downward revision of $80 million compared with the First Quarterly Update, due primarily to the weaker 2009-10 base.
General Fund user taxes and fees receipts, including transfers, are projected to total $10.7 billion in 2010-11, an increase of $430 million or 4.2% from 2009-10. This estimate is roughly $30 million below the First Quarterly Update.
General Fund miscellaneous receipts and transfers from other funds have been revised upward by approximately $400 million from the First Quarterly Update. Higher levels of indirect cost reimbursements, additional revenues from assessments on utility companies, revenue collected from legal settlements, additional workers’ compensation surplus revenue remittance, and various changes to transfers account for the improvement.
General Fund disbursements, including transfers to other funds, are estimated in the Second Quarterly Update to total $54.6 billion in the current fiscal year, a decrease of approximately $450 million from the First Quarterly Update. Revisions to the operating forecast, based on updated information in the Second Quarterly Update, increased estimated spending by approximately $100 million. These changes are projected to be offset by the expected implementation of the administrative reductions in the Deficit Reduction Plan (“DRP”) proposed by the Governor. Increased estimated spending was projected in the areas of health care (including Medicaid), higher education, criminal justice, school aid, transportation, mental hygiene and general State charges, among others.
Recent Operating Results and Cash Position. The State’s cash position continues to be a significant concern. General Fund operating results through September 2009 appear better than projected in the First Quarterly Update, but this was due to management actions to maintain adequate operating margins and routine variances in the timing of disbursements that are not expected to affect annual spending levels. For example, the State plans to make its contribution of approximately $960 million to the State Retirement System on March 1, 2010, the statutory payment date, rather than in September 2009, as it had originally planned. Excluding the effect of cash management actions and routine timing variances, DOB estimates that the General Fund operating results through September 2009 would have been approximately $700 million to $800 million below planned levels. The 2009-10 Enacted Budget Financial Plan (the “Enacted Budget” or “Financial Plan”) provides authorization for the General Fund to borrow resources temporarily from other funds in the State’s Short-Term Investment Pool (“STIP”) for a period not to exceed four months or to the end of the fiscal year, whichever is shorter.
The amount of resources that can be borrowed by the General Fund is limited to the available balances in STIP, as determined by the State Comptroller (available balances include money in the State’s governmental funds, as well as certain other money). However, the available balances on hand in STIP have declined compared to recent years.
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State Debt. The State pays debt service on all outstanding State-supported bonds. These include general obligation bonds, for which the State is constitutionally obligated to pay debt service, as well as bonds issued by State public authorities (i.e., Empire State Development Corporation (“ESDC”), the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (“DASNY”), and the New York State Thruway Authority, subject to an appropriation). Depending on the credit structure, debt service is financed through transfers from the General Fund, dedicated taxes and fees, and other resources, such as patient income revenues.
Debt service for all Funds is projected at $5.1 billion in 2009-10, of which $1.8 billion is paid from the General Fund through transfers and $3.4 billion from other State funds. The General Fund transfer primarily finances debt service payments on general obligation and service contract bonds. The General Obligation Debt Service Fund is a major fund that is used to account for the payment of principal and interest on the State’s general obligation debt and the payments on certain lease/purchase or other contractual obligations. The General Obligation Debt Service Fund is divided into two accounts. The principal and interest payments for the State’s general obligation debt and for certain lease/purchase or other contractual obligations are made from the General Obligation Debt Service Account. The principal and interest payments for the Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation are made from the Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation Account.
Debt service is paid directly from other State funds for the State’s revenue bonds, including PIT revenue bonds, Dedicated Highway and Bridge Trust Fund (the “Trust”) bonds and mental health facilities bonds.
The Enacted Budget includes $12 million in savings from debt management actions. Legislation was enacted to provide greater flexibility in administering the PIT Revenue Bond program by permitting DASNY and ESDC to issue bonds for any authorized PIT Revenue Bond purpose. This is expected to result in improved scheduling and sizing for PIT Revenue Bond sales, producing savings through efficiencies in bond pricing and administration. Administrative actions to reduce costs will be continued. These include a goal of selling 25% of bonds on a competitive basis, market conditions permitting, and maximizing refunding opportunities, including through consolidated service contract structures.
As of December 2009, the State’s general obligation bonds were rated “Aa3” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., “AA” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and “AA-” by Fitch Ratings. There is no assurance that a particular rating will continue for any given period of time or that any such rating will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the agency originally establishing the rating, circumstances so warrant.
Debt Reform Cap. Article 5-B of the State Finance Law is the Debt Reform Act of 2000 (the “Debt Reform Act”). It places limits on the amount and use of “State-supported debt.” “State-supported debt” is defined under the Debt Reform Act as “any bonds or notes, including bonds or notes issued to fund reserve funds and costs of issuance, issued by the state or a state public corporation for which the state is constitutionally obligated to pay debt service or is contractually obligated to pay debt service subject to an appropriation, except where the state has a contingent contractual obligation.” Under the Debt Reform Act, new state-supported debt issued since April 1, 2000 is limited to 4% of state personal income and can be issued only for capital purposes, while new debt service costs are limited to 5% of all Funds receipts. It does not cover contingent contractual debt.
Based on updated forecasts, debt outstanding and debt service costs over the four-year Financial Plan period from 2009-10 through 2012-13 (the “Plan Period”) are expected to remain below the limits imposed by the Debt Reform Act. However, the available room under the debt outstanding cap is expected to decline from $6.8 billion in 2009-10 to $52 million in 2012-13. The current projections represent a decline in projected debt capacity as compared to the First Quarterly Update, which estimated that about $762 million in capacity would be available in 2012-13. The revisions primarily reflect the timing of bonding for the City University of New York (“CUNY”) and economic development purposes, as offset by a slightly improved forecast for State personal income in future years. The changes to the debt reform projections over the last few quarters demonstrate the sensitivity of the cap calculations to volatility in State personal income levels and other economic factors. Measures to adjust capital spending and debt financing practices may be needed for the State to stay in compliance with the legal debt limit.
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Public Authorities. Public authorities refer to certain of the State’s public benefit corporations, created pursuant to State law. Public authorities are not subject to the constitutional restrictions on the incurrence of debt that apply to the State itself and may issue bonds and notes within the amounts and restrictions set forth in legislative authorization. The State’s access to the public credit markets could be impaired and the market price of its outstanding debt may be materially and adversely affected if certain of its public authorities were to default on their respective obligations, particularly those using the financing techniques referred to as State-supported or State-related debt in the State’s AIS. Tax supported debt (obligations supported by State taxes) represents the majority of obligations in this category. Obligations supported by other State revenues (such as dormitory fees or patient revenues) are also included. As of December 31, 2008, 19 public authorities had outstanding debt of $100 million or more, and the aggregate outstanding debt, including refunding bonds, of such public authorities was approximately $140 billion, only a portion of which (approximately $46.2 billion) constitutes State-supported or State-related debt.
State Budget. The Executive Budget process and key budget document formats are governed by the State constitution, with additional details and actions prescribed by State laws and practices established over time. The State’s budget process is governed primarily by Article VII of the New York State Constitution. Article VII requires the Governor to submit a budget detailing a plan of expenditures and an estimate of revenues for the upcoming fiscal year, bills containing all proposed appropriations and reappropriations, and other legislation needed to implement the Executive Budget.
Two types of legislation are required for budget enactment. Appropriation bills provide the legal authorization for all spending from the funds managed by the State. These bills encompass the recommended funding for the legislature and judiciary, debt service and the functional responsibilities of the executive branch agencies — e.g., Education, Family Assistance, Public Protection, General Government, Health, Mental Hygiene, Economic Development, Transportation and the Environment.
Other bills amend permanent State law governing programs and revenues. The State constitution authorizes the Governor to amend the Executive Budget within 30 days of submission, allowing for technical corrections and revisions based on the latest information. However, to help achieve timely budgets, the 2007 Budget Reform Act requires that the Executive, to the extent practicable, submit any necessary amendments within 21 days.
The legislative review process includes public hearings on the Governor’s budget. These hearings are scheduled by the Senate Finance and Assembly Ways and Means Committees, which are responsible for coordinating each house’s action on the budget.
Except for appropriations for the legislature and the judiciary, appropriations proposed by the Governor become law immediately when passed by the legislature. However, all items that have been added by the legislature, and all appropriations for the legislature and the judiciary, must be sent to the Governor for his approval or veto. The State constitution grants the Governor “line item veto” power, permitting the Governor to veto such items selectively, while approving the remainder of the bill.
DOB is responsible for preparing the Governor’s Executive Budget, negotiating that budget with the legislature, and implementing the budget once it is adopted, which includes updating the State’s fiscal projections quarterly. DOB is also responsible for coordinating the State’s capital program and debt financing activities.
The Enacted Budget for 2009-10 closed the largest budget gap ever faced by the State. The combined current services budget gap for 2008-09 and 2009-10 totaled $20.1 billion (2008-09; $2.2 billion; 2009-10: $17.9 billion), before the gap-closing actions approved by the Governor and legislature and the receipt of extraordinary Federal aid. For perspective, the two-year budget gap that needed to be closed was equal to approximately 37% of total General Fund receipts in 2008-09. The cumulative gap for the five-year planning period from 2008-09 through 2012-13, before approved gap-closing actions, totaled $85.2 billion.
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By May 2009 the combined current-services gap for 2008-09 and 2009-10 had grown steadily over the year, increasing four-fold since May 2008. The $15 billion increase in the combined gap, to $20.1 billion, was due almost exclusively to the precipitous decline in projected receipts, reflecting the severity of the current economic downturn and dislocation in the financial markets. The current recession has been characterized by a loss of vast sums of wealth from depressed equity and real estate markets. As of the fourth quarter of 2008, an unprecedented $12.8 trillion in net wealth had been destroyed nationwide since the third quarter of calendar year 2007. This is expected to have a substantial effect on taxable income and, by extension, State tax receipts.
In the Second Quarterly Update to the AIS, DOB estimated that the General Fund had a budget gap of $3.2 billion in the current fiscal year, an increase of $1 billion from the First Quarterly Update. The budget gap for 2010-11 was also projected at $6.8 billion, an increase of $2.2 billion from the First Quarterly Update. The budget gaps in future years were also estimated to be higher than in the First Quarterly Update, and were projected at $14.8 billion in 2011-12 (an increase of $1.5 billion), and $19.5 billion in 2012-13 (an increase of $1.4 billion).
The growth in the current-year budget gap estimate contained in the Second Quarterly Update, as compared to the First Quarterly Update, was mainly due to a reduction in estimated annual receipts from the PIT and business taxes, based on actual collections experience through the first half of fiscal year 2009-10, and updated economic information. In 2010-11 and thereafter, the increase in the budget gaps reflects the recurring effect of the current-year receipts reductions, as collections grow off a lower tax base, and increases in projected disbursements, especially for activities that are sensitive to the economic downturn (e.g., community college enrollment, pensions and fringe benefits and reimbursement-based programs affected by accelerated claims from localities).
The State-financed portion of the budget has grown faster than both personal income and inflation over the past ten years, and is projected to do so over the next four years, absent measures to control spending. From 2009-10 through 2012-13, General Fund disbursements are projected to increase at an average annual rate of approximately 8.0%; State Operating Funds disbursements, which capture activity in State special revenue funds and debt service funds, as well as the General Fund, are projected to increase at 6.3% annually (adjusted to exclude the impact of federal stimulus funding). In comparison, State tax receipts over the Plan Period are projected to grow at 3.9% annually, consistent with DOB’s economic forecast for the recession and recovery. Accordingly, the 2010-11 Executive Budget has proposed substantial reductions in State spending commitments as detailed below.
To close the current year budget gap, the Governor submitted a two-year $5 billion DRP on October 15, 2009, which was enacted by the legislature in December, 2009. According to the 2010-11 Executive Budget (defined below), the DRP provided the State $2.7 billion in savings, leaving a deficit of $500 million still remaining in the current year, and the State expects to carry the 2009-10 deficit forward into 2010-11, where it is addressed in the 2010-11 Executive Budget as part of a multi-year plan that emphasizes recurring savings for the State.
On January 19, 2010, the Governor submitted his 2010-11 Executive Budget (the “2010-11 Executive Budget”). After accounting for the carry-forward of the $500 million deficit from 2009-10 and a reduction in estimated tax receipts based on updated information, the 2010-11 Executive Budget projects a budget gap of $7.4 billion in 2010-11 (rather than the $3.2 billion gap estimated in the Second Quarterly Update), and larger gaps in future years of $14.3 billion in 2011-12, $18.3 billion in 2012-13 and $20.7 billion in 2013-14.
Overall, 92% of the gap-closing plan is composed of recurring actions that help lower the budget gaps in future years. Recurring reductions to current-services spending total more than $5.6 billion and constitute 75% of the gap-closing plan. The proposed reductions affect nearly every activity financed by State government, ranging from aid to public schools to agency operations to capital commitments. Under the proposed plan, the combined four-year gap (2010-11 through 2013-14) is cut in half, declining from $61 billion to $29 billion.
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The gap-closing plan includes $1 billion in tax and fee increases, as well as a plan that would permit grocery stores to pay a franchise fee for the privilege to sell wine ($92 million). Tax and fee increases include a new excise tax on syrup used in soft drinks and other beverages ($465 million), a $1 per pack increase in the cigarette tax ($218 million), and assessments on health care providers ($216 million), all of which are earmarked to help pay for existing health care expenses. In addition, audit and compliance activities are expected to increase the tax base by approximately $221 million annually.
Non-recurring resources, which comprise less than 8% of the actions in the 2010-11 Executive Budget, total $565 million. Importantly, this is less than the annual growth in savings achieved by recurring gap-closing actions, which grow in value by approximately $1.2 billion from 2010-11 to 2011-12. As a result, non-recurring actions have no adverse effect on the gap in 2011-12 because they are more than offset by the growth in recurring savings.
Local Aid. Certain localities outside New York City have experienced financial problems and have requested and received additional State assistance during the last several State fiscal years. While a relatively infrequent practice, deficit financing has become more common in recent years. Between 2004 and 2008, the legislature authorized 17 bond issuances to finance local government operating deficits. In addition, the State has periodically enacted legislation to create oversight boards in order to address deteriorating fiscal conditions within a locality. Currently, the City of Buffalo operates under a control board and the counties of Nassau and Erie as well as the cities of New York and Troy have boards in advisory status. The City of Yonkers no longer operates under an oversight board but must adhere to a separate fiscal agent act. The potential effect on the State of any future requests by localities for additional oversight or financial assistance is not included in the projections of the State’s receipts and disbursements for the State’s 2009-10 fiscal year or thereafter.
The Aid and Incentives for Municipalities (“AIM”) program is the State’s primary vehicle for providing direct aid to cities, towns and villages. These municipalities use AIM funding to support a range of operating costs. Along with direct AIM assistance, the State provides incentive grants to promote local efforts to increase efficiency through consolidation or shared services. The State budget also supports a number of aid programs targeted to specific municipalities, including VLT Impact Aid for local governments that host video lottery gaming facilities, Efficiency Incentive Grants awarded by the State public authorities that oversee fiscal recovery efforts in Buffalo and Erie County, and several others.
The AIM program was created in 2005-06 to consolidate various unrestricted local aid funding streams. For municipalities outside New York City, this initiative tied increases in State aid to fiscal accountability improvements, such as the development of multi-year financial plans, and required a local commitment to minimize property tax growth. In 2007-08 and 2008-09, additional aid was targeted primarily to distressed upstate municipalities under a formula that provided annual increases ranging from 3% to 13.5% based on fiscal distress criteria.
Over the last five years, AIM payments to local governments outside New York City have grown from $465 million to $750 million, a $285 million or 61% increase. Although the DRP enacted in December 2009 reduced aid to the 17 non-calendar fiscal year cities outside New York City by a total of $5.3 million, AIM for all other municipalities was maintained at 2008-09 payment levels.
AIM for New York City has varied in recent years from $20 million in 2007-08 to $245.9 million in 2008-09 to $327.9 million in the 2009-10 Enacted Budget. The DRP, however, lowered New York City’s AIM funding from $327.9 million to $301.7 million. The level of local reliance on AIM funding varies widely by municipality, with cities such as Buffalo and Yonkers relying on AIM for more than 25% of their total revenue, while in other municipalities, AIM accounts for less than 1% of total revenue. Specifically, AIM as a percentage of city revenue is as follows: New York City — 0.5% of total revenues; Buffalo — 35.0% of total revenues; Yonkers — 29.0% of total revenues; Syracuse — 25.0% of total revenues; Rochester — 20.0% of total revenues; and other cities within the State — 9.0% of total revenues.
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Grants to Local Governments (“Local Assistance”) include payments to local governments, school districts, health care providers, and other local entities, as well as certain financial assistance to, or on behalf of, individuals, families, and nonprofit organizations. Local Assistance comprises 71% of all Funds’ spending. In 2009-10, all Funds spending for local assistance is proposed to total $93.2 billion. Total spending is composed of State aid to medical assistance providers and public health programs ($40.5 billion); State aid for education, including school districts, universities, and tuition assistance ($34.3 billion); temporary and disability assistance ($4.8 billion); mental hygiene programs ($3.9 billion); transportation ($3.1 billion); children and family services ($2.7 billion); and local government assistance ($1.1 billion). Other local assistance programs include criminal justice, economic development, housing, parks and recreation and environmental quality.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget eliminates AIM funding for New York City totaling $301.7 million and Erie County totaling $668,332 in 2010-11 and 2011-12. The 2010-11 Executive Budget also reduces AIM funding to other municipalities by either 2% or 5% from 2009-10 Enacted Budget levels, depending on whether AIM accounts for more or less than 10% of the municipality’s total revenues. After accounting for these reductions, the State would still spend $734.6 million on AIM outside New York City, an increase of $269.2 million or 58% compared to 2004-05. The 2010-11 Executive Budget also reduces local incentive grant funding and reduces payments to the City of Yonkers and the 15 upstate municipalities that host video lottery terminal (“VLT”) facilities (an overall $23.84 million program) by 10%.
Healthcare and Medicaid. The State’s Department of Health (“DOH”) provides comprehensive health care and long-term care coverage for low and middle income individuals and families through the Medicaid, Family Health Plus, Child Health Plus and Elderly Pharmaceutical Insurance Coverage programs.
New York’s Medicaid program is the largest payer of health care and long-term care services in the State. More than four million individuals receive Medicaid-eligible services each month through a network of more than 60,000 health care providers and 20 managed care plans. The State share of Medicaid is financed with a combination of the State’s General Fund and Health Care Reform Act (“HCRA”) resources. Also, the Federal government is financing an additional share of Medicaid costs through December 31, 2010 through the enhanced Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (“FMAP”) provided through the federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”), which temporarily lowers the State’s costs for the program.
According to the Second Quarterly Update, General Fund spending for Medicaid is expected to more than double over the next two years, growing by $2.5 billion in 2010-11, $5 billion in 2011-12, and another $1.1 billion in 2012-13. These estimates reflect the loss of FMAP after December 31, 2010. Moreover, the Executive Budget notes that, in the absence of any changes, total federal, State and county Medicaid spending would reach $53.2 billion in 2010-11, an increase of more than 5%. Medicaid enrollment has grown by nearly 13% since September 2008, largely as a result of recession-driven unemployment. According to recent federal data, New York spends more per capita ($2,360) than any other state in the country and more than twice the national average ($1,077) on its Medicaid program.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget recommends a health care gap-closing package of $1.9 billion, which includes nearly $1 billion in reductions to various providers and programs (Medicaid, NYS Department of Health, Office of the Medical Inspector General, NYS Office of the Aging, hospital services, nursing home services, home care and personal care services, Medicaid fraud and abuse prevention, and insurance, among others); a total of $890.2 million in dedicated taxes and assessments to finance health care investments, such as $240.2 million in assessments and surcharges on specific sectors that have effects on healthcare providers similar to direct cuts in funding, but without an associated loss of Federal matching funding; and $650 million from imposing a syrup excise tax on soft drink beverages and increasing the cigarette excise tax.
Higher Education. The State’s higher education institutions educate more than 1.2 million students. The State University of New York (“SUNY”) and CUNY administer 51 four-year colleges and graduate schools that provide over 400,000 students with a wide array of undergraduate, graduate degree, and first professional
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educational opportunities. SUNY and CUNY also support 36 community colleges, which serve more than 330,000 students. More than 520,000 students attend one of the more than 100 private colleges and universities across the State.
The Higher Education Service Corporation (“HESC”) provides a broad range of financial aid services to college students. HESC administers and guarantees more than 700,000 loans made annually under the Federal Family Education Loan program, and oversees a variety of State-funded financial assistance programs, including the Tuition Assistance Program (“TAP”, the largest and most generous need-based program in the country), the New York Higher Education Loan Program (“NYHELPs”), the Aid for Part Time Study program, and 16 different scholarship and award programs. HESC also partners with the Office of the State Comptroller (“OSC”) in administering the College Choice Tuition Savings Program.
Enrollment at both SUNY and CUNY has shown steady growth, increasing 12.5% since 2003, at four-year and graduate colleges. Community college enrollment has increased 26% during this same period. Concurrently, State support has increased 40% for four-year and graduate colleges and 33% for community colleges. Additionally, the State has devoted substantial support to SUNY’s and CUNY’s physical infrastructure, providing $11.8 billion in new capital project funding for senior and community colleges since 2003-04.
The effect of the current economic recession is evident in recent upward trends in student enrollment in SUNY and CUNY community colleges. This is expected to result in higher base aid provided by the State to these institutions ($51 million in 2010-11; and $62 million in both 2011-12 and 2012-13). Similarly, increased spending under the TAP grant award program is expected due to the increased enrollment in institutions of higher education ($23 million in 2009-10; $53 million in 2010-11; and $6 million in both 2011-12 and 2012-13). In addition, SUNY and CUNY senior college operational costs in the outyears of the Financial Plan are projected to exceed the estimates in the First Quarterly Update primarily due to higher fringe benefit costs.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget calls for: (1) the reduction of General Fund support for SUNY ($95 million State Fiscal Year (“SFY”), $117.9 million Academic Fiscal Year (“AFY”)) and CUNY ($47.7 million SFY, $63.6 million AFY) senior colleges by a total of $142.7 million SFY ($181.5 million AFY). Additionally, the 2010-11 Executive Budget reflects further SFY appropriations reductions of $52 million ($30.9 million SUNY, $20.8 million CUNY) related to negotiated personal service savings (after these reductions, $946 million would be provided to SUNY and $577 million to CUNY); (2) the reduction of support for SUNY Statutory Colleges at Cornell and Alfred Universities by $14.9 million SFY ($18.5 million AFY) (after this reduction, $83 million would be provided for Cornell’s statutory colleges, $49 million for Cornell land grant, and $8.7 million for the College of Ceramics); (3) the reduction of SUNY/CUNY community college base aid by $285 per full-time equivalent (“FTE”) student from $2,545 per FTE to $2,260 per FTE, which would result in estimated savings of $56.7 million in 2010-11 and $75.6 million in 2011-12; (4) the use of an additional $50 million in federal ARRA Funds to support community college base aid; (5) the reduction of the maximum TAP award for two-year degree granting program from $5,000 to $4,000 per student, which will result in estimated savings of $19.6 million in 2010-122 and $28 million in 2011-12; and (6) the reduction to all TAP awards by $75 per student, which will result in estimated savings of $16.5 million in 2010-11 and $23.6 million in 2011-12.
Criminal Justice and Public Safety. With an annual budget of nearly $5 billion, various State agencies assist local communities in fighting crime, supervise criminal offenders both in prison and in the community, patrol the highways, protect critical State assets and respond to natural disasters and terrorist threats. With nearly 40,000 staff, many of whom serve within the State’s 68 correctional institutions, public safety agencies comprise 18% of the overall State workforce.
Projected spending for the Department of Correctional Services and Division of Parole has been revised across the Plan Period to reflect efforts to achieve savings through alternatives to proposed layoffs.
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The 2010-11 Executive Budget proposes closures and consolidations of facilities within the State’s prison system which will eliminate approximately 3% of total capacity and 2% of the staff of the Department of Correctional Services. Under the 2010-11 Executive Budget, spending on Public Safety will be reduced from just over $5 billion in fiscal year 2009-10 to $4.7 billion in fiscal year 2010-11, representing a decrease of $303 million or 6%; the Department of Correctional Services budget will be reduced from just over $3 billion in fiscal year 2009-10 to $2.77 billion in fiscal year 2010-11, representing a decrease of $236 million or 7.9%; the Division of State Police budget will be reduced from $768 million in fiscal year 2009-10 to $719 million in fiscal year 2010-11, representing a decrease of $49 million or 6.4%; and the Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services budget will be increased from $316 million in fiscal year 2009-10 to $329 million in fiscal year 2010-11, representing an increase of $13 million or 4%.
School Aid. The State’s education system is financed with local, State and federal resources, which together make the State’s per pupil spending among the highest in the nation. The State share of financial support for education is administered by the State Education Department (“SED”), under the direction of the New York State Board of Regents, which also establishes education policy. The single largest program administered by SED is school aid. Allocated to school districts primarily through statutory formulas, school aid helps finance elementary and secondary education for pupils enrolled in nearly 680 school districts.
According to the 2010-11 Executive Budget, New York public schools spend more per pupil overall ($15,546) than nearly any other state and 61% above the national average. New York ranks first in per pupil spending for school district employee salaries ($7,328, or 71% above the national average) and benefits ($2,901, which is 109% above the national average). This reflects both strong local tax effort and significant State spending on education.
School aid has two principal State funding sources: the General Fund and the Lottery Fund. When lottery revenues decline during a fiscal year from the level projected at the Enacted Budget agreement, the General Fund is required by law to fund the difference (the “lottery aid guarantee”). This is the case in 2009-10, with core lottery revenue projections revised downward by $131 million since budget enactment. In addition, ARRA funding is expected to be available to help finance spending in the 2009-10 and 2010-11 school years.
Revenues from core lottery sales are projected to remain flat in 2010-11, followed by an increase of $32 million in 2011-12, and $41 million in 2012-13 (totaling $2.2 billion in 2012-13). Revenues from VLTs are projected to increase by $174 million in 2010-11, by $38 million in 2011-12, and by $48 million in 2012-13 (totaling $738 million in 2012-13). The Financial Plan currently assumes a one-time franchise payment from the sale of VLT development rights at Aqueduct in 2010-11, where operations are expected to begin in 2011.
The September 2009 update to the school aid database resulted in higher projected costs of $75 million in 2010-11, based on additional claims filed since the May 2009 update, and updated wealth and demographic information reported by school districts. These additional costs are primarily driven by growth in foundation aid and special education aid, with supplemental claims from New York City representing nearly 70% of the increased fiscal year liability. Based on statute, additional school year obligations from 2009-10 and earlier years will be paid in State fiscal year 2010-11. As in prior years, the updated school district data and additional claims have resulted in a significant cost increase to the State’s multi-year Financial Plan, subsequent to the Enacted Budget agreements.
The Second Quarterly Update projected school aid on a school year basis at $22.5 billion in 2010-11, $24.2 billion in 2011-12, and $26.3 billion in 2012-13. The 2010-11 Executive Budget proposes a year-to-year reduction in school aid of $1.1 billion or 5%. As education funding in New York is a combination of local and State support, the proposed reduction represents 2% of school districts’ total General Fund expenditures Statewide.
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Transportation. The State’s transportation system is operated, maintained and administered by a network of State and local agencies and public authorities. The Department of Transportation (“DOT”) coordinates planning and policy development and provides for the direct operation and capital improvement of much of the transportation system. DOT is responsible for construction, reconstruction, maintenance, and snow and ice removal for more than 38,000 State highway lane miles and more than 7,500 bridges. In addition, DOT provides funding for local government highway and bridge construction, as well as rail, airport, bicycle, pedestrian and canal programs. The New York State Thruway Authority, the New York State Bridge Authority and other public authorities operate and maintain certain other toll transportation facilities within the State.
The Department also provides oversight and funding for more than 130 public transportation operators, including the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (“MTA”), the four upstate regional transportation authorities and other (usually county-sponsored) transit systems. These systems provide bus, subway, commuter-rail and light rail services as well as “paratransit” services designed to meet the needs of the disabled. The MTA provides transit and commuter services in the New York City region to over 2.5 billion passengers riding the subways, buses and commuter rail systems each year.
The State’s transportation programs are also supported by the Department of Motor Vehicles (“DMV”), which operates 27 district and branch offices, and provides services via county clerk offices acting as DMV agents at 101 locations throughout the State. DMV issues licenses, non-driver identification cards and vehicle registrations; conducts road tests; monitors driver training; performs enforcement activities; conducts more than 20 million customer transactions annually; and collects more than $1.7 billion in revenue for the State and localities.
Funding to maintain and improve the State’s transportation infrastructure is provided through multi-year capital plans and supported by a combination of State and federal funds. The most recent DOT five-year capital plan covers State fiscal years 2005-06 through 2009-10 and totals approximately $18 billion. Projects in the plan resulted in improvements to highway, bridge, aviation, rail, transit, port, bicycle and pedestrian facilities throughout the State.
DOT’s capital plan and other programs are supported by federal aid, dedicated taxes, fees deposited in the Trust Fund, and remaining 2005 Transportation Bond Act funds. The Trust Fund also receives a significant subsidy from the General Fund, which has been revised across the Plan Period as a result of changes in estimated spending levels for projects, debt service costs, available bond proceeds, and other receipts. The Trust Fund subsidy increases as the cumulative expenses of the fund (capital and operating expenses of DOT and DMV, debt service on Trust Fund bonds and transfers for debt service on bonds that fund the Consolidated Highway Improvement Programs and local transportation programs) continue to exceed current and projected revenue deposits and bond proceeds. The 2010-11 Executive Budget projected the General Fund subsidy at $766 million for 2010-11 and $859 million for 2011-12, with additional growth thereafter.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget proposes a two-year, $7 billion, DOT capital plan. Program and funding levels are affected by a number of key factors, including the lack of a new multi-year federal transportation act, the depletion of funding from the 2005 Bond Act, and the Trust Fund’s increasing reliance on General Fund subsidies, primarily driven by a 2005 debt restructuring that generated short-term savings, but burdened the State with greater debt service expenses in later years. The 2010-11 Executive Budget maintains the State’s core Trust Fund investment in the highway and bridge program at 2009-10 levels and also preserves funding for local highway and bridge projects under the Consolidated Highway Improvement Program at prior-year levels. In addition, significant construction activity funded by the ARRA is expected to continue in State fiscal year 2010-11.
Since 1975, New York State has provided transit system operating assistance through the Statewide Mass Transportation Operating Assistance (“STOA”) program. The STOA has grown from a $100 million General Fund program in 1975 to a $4.3 billion aid program to localities utilizing both dedicated taxes and the General
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Fund. This growth reflects the services provided by transit systems to an annual ridership of more than 2.7 billion passengers. In 2009-10, State transit aid accounted for approximately 35% of the operating resources used to support New York’s transit systems.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget proposes an overall $4.3 billion in aid to transit systems, reflecting a year-to-year increase of nearly $148 million, and $3.9 billion for the MTA, an increase of almost $161 million from 2009-10. The 2010-11 Executive Budget also proposes gap-closing actions for the DMV of approximately $15 million in 2010-11.
Mental Hygiene. The mental hygiene agencies provide services to individuals with mental illnesses, developmental disabilities, chemical dependencies, and problem gambling. According to the 2010-11 Executive Budget, these agencies — the Office of Mental Health (“OMH”), the Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities (“OMRDD”), the Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services (“OASAS”), the Developmental Disabilities Planning Council (“DDPC”), and one oversight agency the Commission on Quality of Care and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities (“CQCAPD”) — are expected to serve nearly one million individuals in 2010-11, including more than 600,000 persons with mental illness, 260,000 persons with chemical dependencies or gambling problems, and 125,000 persons with developmental disabilities.
The mental hygiene system currently operates 47 institutional facilities serving a State-operated inpatient residential capacity of 7,200 individuals. The State also provides funding to support approximately 86,000 community residential housing options. Additionally, the State supports numerous outpatient, employment, clinic, rehabilitative and treatment programs in partnership with 4,300 not-for-profit provider agencies.
The Second Quarterly Update projects State operations spending on mental hygiene to be $3.1 billion in 2009-10. Higher costs beginning in 2010-11 are expected as a result of a rise in fringe benefit and indirect costs.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget calls for a 5.3% increase in total mental hygiene spending for 2010-11 ($8.5 billion in 2010-11 as compared to $8.07 billion in 2009-10). Specifically, OMH’s budget would increase from $3.21 billion in 2009-10 to $3.41 billion in fiscal year 2010-11; OMRDD’s budget would increase from $4.27 billion to $4.48 billion; and OASAS’s budget would increase from $565 million to $597 million. The majority of the spending increase is attributable to increased federal support of $223 million for a variety of ongoing State and local operated programs. General State Charges, as described below, costs are projected to increase by $129 million.
General State Charges (“GSCs”). GSCs account for the costs of fringe benefits provided to State employees and retirees of the executive, legislative and judicial branches, and certain fixed costs paid by the State. Fringe benefit payments, many of which are mandated by statute or collective bargaining agreements, include employer contributions for pensions, Social Security, health insurance, workers’ compensation and unemployment insurance. Fixed costs include State taxes paid to local governments for certain State-owned lands, and payments related to lawsuits against the State and its public officers.
For most agencies, employee fringe benefit costs are paid centrally from appropriations made to GSCs. These centrally-paid fringe benefit costs represent the majority of GSCs spending. However, certain agencies, such as the judiciary and SUNY, directly pay all or a portion of their employees’ fringe benefit costs from their respective budgets. Employee fringe benefits paid through the GSCs account are paid from the General Fund in the first instance and then partially reimbursed by revenue collected from fringe benefit assessments on Federal funds and other special revenue accounts. The funding source of fringe benefit costs directly paid by certain agencies is dependent on the respective agencies’ funding sources. Fixed costs are paid in full by General Fund revenues from the GSCs account.
All Funds spending on GSCs is expected to total $5.7 billion in 2009-10, and includes health insurance spending for employees ($1.7 billion) and retirees ($1.1 billion), pensions ($1.1 billion) and Social Security
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($962 million). GSCs are projected to total $4 billion in 2010-11, $4.3 billion in 2011-12 and $4.8 billion in 2012-13. The annual increases are due mainly to anticipated cost increases in pensions and health insurance for State employees and retirees.
Changes to the GSC forecast of spending include increases in the State’s contribution to the New York State and Local Employees’ Retirement System and the New York State and Local Police and Fire Retirement System (as noted below), additional costs for taxes on State-owned lands in 2009-10, as well as multi-year revisions to the forecast for health insurance costs for State employees and retirees, fixed costs and fringe benefit escrow receipts.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget proposes a number of workforce actions to reduce State employee salary costs. These actions are expected to result in estimated savings of $250 million in 2010-11 and $125 million in 2011-12, and include the following actions that require union negotiation to reduce fringe benefit costs: salary deferral for State employees in 2010-11, and a delay or reduction of an April 1, 2010 4% general salary increase for the State’s non-unionized management/confidential employees, which would result in estimated savings of $28 million in 2010-11.
In addition, the 2010-11 Executive Budget recommends a number of actions that do not require union negotiation to reduce fringe benefit costs and would result in estimated savings of $262 million in 2010-11, such as: the amortization of State pension contribution costs (as noted below), requiring Medicare Part B premium contributions for State employees and retirees ($30 million savings in both 2010-11 and 2011-12); allowing the option for State employees or retirees to self-insure all or parts of the New York State Health Insurance Plan ($15 million savings in 2010-11 and $30 million savings in 2011-12).
Pensions. The New York State and Local Retirement Systems (the “Systems”) provide coverage for public employees of the State and its localities (except employees of New York City and teachers, who are covered by separate plans). The Systems comprise the New York State and Local Employees’ Retirement System (“ERS”) and the New York State and Local Police and Fire Retirement System (“PFRS”). The Comptroller is the administrative head of the Systems. State employees made up about 31% of the membership during the 2008-09 fiscal year. There were 3,025 other public employers participating in the Systems, including all cities and counties (except New York City), most towns, villages and school districts (with respect to non-teaching employees) and a large number of local authorities of the State. As of March 31, 2009, 679,908 persons were members and 366,178 pensioners or beneficiaries were receiving benefits.
Recent market volatility and the recent decline in the market value of many equity investments have negatively affected the assets held for the Systems. The current actuarial smoothing method spreads the effect over a 5-year period, and thus contribution rate increases are expected for fiscal year 2012 through 2015. Final contribution rates for fiscal year 2011 were released in early September 2009. The average 2011 ERS rate increased from 7.4% of salary in fiscal year 2010 to 11.9% of salary in fiscal year 2011, while the average 2011 PFRS rate increased from 15.1% of salary in fiscal year 2010 to 18.2% of salary in fiscal year 2011.
Legislation enacted in May 2003 realigned the Systems billing cycle to match governments’ budget cycles and also instituted a minimum annual payment. The employer contribution for a given fiscal year will be based on the value of the pension fund and its liabilities on the prior April 1. In addition, employers are required to make a minimum contribution of at least 4.5% of payroll every year.
The State paid, in full, its employer contributions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Payments totaled $1.06 billion. This amount included amounts required to be paid by the judiciary bill and the amortization payments for the 2005 and 2006 bills. The State bill for the current fiscal year ending March 31, 2010 is $979.1 million, assuming a payment on March 1, 2010.
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The OSC reports that the net assets available for benefits as of March 31, 2009 were $110.9 billion (including $2.9 billion in receivables), a decrease of $44.9 billion or 28.8% from the 2007-08 level of $155.8 billion, reflecting, in large part, equity market performance. OSC reports that the present value of anticipated benefits for current members, retirees, and beneficiaries increased from $170.5 billion on April 1, 2008 to $176.6 billion (including $69 billion for current retirees and beneficiaries) on April 1, 2009. The funding method used by the Systems anticipates that the net assets, plus future actuarially determined contributions, will be sufficient to pay for the anticipated benefits of current members, retirees and beneficiaries. Actuarially determined contributions are calculated using actuarial assets and the present value of anticipated benefits. Actuarial assets differed from net assets on April 1, 2009 in that amortized cost was used instead of market value for bonds and mortgages and the non-fixed investments utilized a smoothing method which recognized 20% of unexpected gain for the 2009 fiscal year, 40% of the unexpected gain for the 2008 fiscal year, 60% of the unexpected gain for the 2007 fiscal year and 80% of the unexpected gain for the 2006 fiscal year. Actuarial assets decreased from $151.8 billion on April 1, 2008 to $149 billion on April 1, 2009. The funded ratio, as of April 1, 2009, using the entry age normal funding method, was 101%.
The State’s pension contribution rate to the Systems, which is 7.6% for 2009-10, is expected to increase to 10.5% for 2010-11, 11.4% for 2011-12 and 11.5% in 2012-13. Pension costs in 2010-11 are projected to total $1.4 billion, an increase of $264 million over 2009-10. In 2011-12, costs are projected to increase an additional $113 million to total $1.5 billion. In 2012-13, they are expected to increase by $129 million to total $1.7 billion. Growth in all years is driven by anticipated increases in the employer contribution rate.
Spending for employee and retiree health care costs is expected to increase by $318 million in 2010-11, $251 million in 2011-12, and another $269 million in 2012-13, and assumes an average annual premium increase of approximately 8.0%. Health insurance is projected at $3.2 billion in 2010-11 ($1.9 billion for active employees and $1.25 billion for retired employees), $3.4 billion in 2011-12 ($2.1 billion for active employees and $1.3 billion for retired employees), and $3.7 billion in 2012-13 ($2.2 billion for active employees and $1.5 billion for retired employees). In addition, as noted previously, the State now plans to make its pension contribution on March 1, 2010, rather than September 2009. The estimated cost of not pre-paying the contribution is approximately $30 million. The State also plans to make its 2010-11 contribution in March 2011, rather than pre-paying it, which results in additional 2010-11 costs of approximately $50 million.
The 2010-11 Executive Budget notes that local governments and the State will face substantial pension contribution increases over the next five years due to investment losses experienced by the Common Retirement Fund, a pooled investment vehicle through which investments for the Systems are made. Accordingly, the 2010-11 Executive Budget would give local governments and the State the option to amortize a portion of their pension costs from 2010-11 through 2015-16. Local governments and the State, if they choose to participate, would be permitted to amortize the portion of their respective pension costs exceeding a contribution rate of 9.5% for the Systems and 17.5% for the PFRS in 2010-11. The contribution rate above which future amortizations are allowed would be increased by one percentage point each year through 2015-16. Repayment of the amortized amounts would be made over a ten-year period at an interest rate to be determined by the State Comptroller. This proposal would result in savings of $217 million in 2010-11 and $475 million in 2012 for the State.
Rhode Island
The following information relates specifically to the Columbia Rhode Island Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund (the “Fund”). This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all relevant facts for the Fund. Although the Fund has no reason to believe that the information summarized below is not correct in all material respects, such information has not been independently verified for accuracy or thoroughness. Rather, this information has been obtained from official statements, prospectuses and other disclosure provided in connection with various securities offerings of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (“Rhode Island” or the “State”) and local agencies in Rhode Island available as of the
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date of this Statement of Additional Information. The Fund assumes that all such material was prepared and published in a manner consistent with current standards of disclosure. Further, all estimates and projections contained in the following information should not be construed as statements of fact. They are based on assumptions that may be affected by numerous factors and there can be no assurance that such estimates and projections will be realized or achieved.
The Fund is more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of Rhode Island municipal securities than comparable municipal bond funds that do not focus on investments in Rhode Island issuers.
Introduction. The Governor is required to submit, and the General Assembly is required to enact, a balanced budget. Over the last several years, the State has faced budget shortfalls after the budget was enacted. See “Revised Fiscal 2009 and 2010 Budgets” below.
The State Budget Office is required to prepare quarterly reports which project the year end balance assuming current trends continue under current laws, and the typical cyclical expenditure patterns prevail over the course of the year. This consolidated report is released within forty-five days of the end of each fiscal quarter. Also, the State Budget Office is required to publish five year forecasts of expenditures and revenues for submission to the General Assembly as part of the annual budget process, and these forecasts over the years, based upon the information then available, have generally projected that outyear expenditures will exceed revenues — at times by a substantial amount. In the event of a budgetary imbalance, the available free surplus will be reduced, additional resources (i.e. taxes, fines, fees, etc.) will be required and/or certain expenditure controls will be put into effect.
Due to the past fiscal challenges facing the State, the budget has from time to time incorporated certain significant one-time resources. The enacted fiscal year (“FY”) 2002 and FY 2003 budgets incorporated the use of the proceeds from the securitization of the tobacco settlement payments due the State under the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) entered into by the Attorney General in November 1998. The tobacco securitization proceeds included in the budget as enacted are based on the actual sale of the State’s right to receive all of its tobacco settlement payments for the 2004 — 2043 period. The bonds were sold by the Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation on June 27, 2002 in the amount of $685.4 million. The net proceeds of the sale, after funding the costs of issuance, capitalized interest, and the debt service reserve account, totaled $544.2 million.
The budget used the net tobacco bond proceeds as follows: $295.3 million was used in June 2002 to defease $247.6 million of outstanding general obligation and certificate of participation debt (or $295.5 million reflecting the accreted value of capital appreciation bonds), and the remaining $243.9 million was made available for operating budget expenditures in FY 2002-FY 2004. The debt defeasance resulted in debt service savings of $51.6 million in FY 2003 and total debt service savings through FY 2012 of $343.5 million. The legislatively enacted budgets used $135.0 million of the net proceeds to finance operating expenditures in FY 2002, allocated $113.5 million of resources to finance FY 2003 budgeted expenditures, and allocated the remaining $1.7 million (including interest earnings) in FY 2004.
In his FY 2008 Budget, the Governor proposed that the State sell the rights to the residual tobacco settlement payments reflecting those revenues from the Master Settlement Agreement which will be received by the State after the 2002 bonds of the Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation are fully repaid. The Tobacco Settlement Financial Corporation sold $197.0 million of such bonds on June 27, 2007, and the net proceeds to the State totaled $195.0 million. The budget enacted by the General Assembly allocated $42.5 million in FY 2007 and $124.0 million in FY 2008 for working capital purposes, and provided $28.4 million for heavy equipment/vehicles and capital projects. There was an additional $1.7 million of interest on invested tobacco bond proceeds which was available for transfer to the Rhode Island Capital Plan Fund for these capital projects.
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The State’s Annual Comprehensive Financial Report for FY 2008 revealed a deficit of $42.95 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008. This was the result of revenues falling below enacted estimates by $7.1 million and expenditures exceeding appropriations by $37.4 million. The Governor was required by law to reappropriate unexpended balances from FY 2008 for the General Assembly amounting to $1.7 million. The Governor sought appropriation from the Budget Reserve and Cash Stabilization Account, which was fully funded at $102.8 million at the end of FY 2008. The General Assembly did not make an appropriation to resolve the FY 2008 $42.95 million deficit. The deficit of $42.95 million, when combined with the $102.8 million reserve fund, resulted in approximately $60 million of combined balances. The FY 2009 Enacted Budget reflects the budget enacted by the General Assembly in June 2008. The budget enacted by the General Assembly in June 2008 for FY 2009 was predicated upon available resources of $3.2762 billion net of reserve fund contributions, and expenditures of $3.2762 billion resulting in an estimated closing surplus of $0.1 million.
The General Assembly enacted a final FY 2009 Budget that included expenditures of $3.001 billion from general revenues, $275.0 million less than originally enacted, and $404.1 million less than FY 2008 actual expenditures. The reduction in general revenue spending is the result of both reductions in real expenditures and shifts from state general revenue sources to one-time federal fund sources. Much of this shifting is the result of funds being made available from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
The United States Congress passed in February 2009 the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, a $789 billion stimulus package consisting of various spending and tax cut measures. Current estimates place Rhode Island’s spending share of the federal stimulus package in a range from $825 million to over $1 billion (not including unemployment benefits, supplemental nutrition assistance programs, Pell grants, or child support enforcement). This includes approximately $451.5 million over 27 months for Rhode Island’s Medicaid programs, approximately $137 million for highway and bridge construction and repairs, approximately $75.4 million for other infrastructure work, approximately $91 million for aid to schools serving low-income students and special education programs for children with learning disabilities, and approximately $165 million of fiscal stabilization funds to be used primarily as education aid. The full effect of such stimulus funds may be greater than that reflected in the Enacted FY 2010 Budget as there are also competitive grant funds available. The final FY 2009 Budget included $295.5 million of federal ARRA funds and the Enacted FY 2010 Budget includes $638.8 million of ARRA funds. The General Assembly included $135.6 million in additional federal Medicaid matching funds and enhanced Title IVE funds, thereby reducing general revenue expenditures by the same amount based on the federal act that raised the federal Medicaid match percentage by 11.3 points retroactive to October 1, 2008. For FY 2010, there is $192.1 million of enhanced Medicaid match and $1.7 million of Title IVE enhanced match.
The final FY 2009 Budget also maximized use of state fiscal stabilization funds for State budget relief by utilizing $38.3 million of federal education funds to relieve state general revenue support to local governments. Additionally, there was $20 million of federal state fiscal stabilization funds included in the final FY 2009 Budget which relieved general revenue expenditures in the Department of Corrections. For FY 2010, the General Assembly included $37.2 million for education and $10.0 million for State police from ARRA state stabilization grants.
The final FY 2009 Budget has relied upon approximately $194 million of one-time federal stimulus funds to offset expenditures in FY 2009. The FY 2010 Budget relies upon approximately $241 million of federal stimulus funds, which funds are not likely to be available for budget purposes after FY 2012. In FY 2011, the State expects to lose about $97 million of federal funding when the enhanced Medicaid match ends on December 31, 2010. As a result, the State will face the challenge of addressing the loss of such funds in future budget years if revenues remain depressed due to the economic downturn.
The recent and continuing adverse economic and fiscal conditions have necessitated a series of downward revenue forecasts, which have led to certain budget adjustments in order to maintain a balanced budget. These actions have included a number of one-time measures, such as the use of one-time federal funds and reserves,
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which will not be available to address future budget needs. In addition, it is foreseeable that adjustments to the Enacted FY 2010 Budget will need to be made. Furthermore, in light of the current conditions, significant budget deficits are expected for the years following FY 2010 and additional significant adjustments to both revenues and expenditures will likely be necessary for the adoption of balanced budgets for the fiscal years following the Enacted FY 2010 Budget. The State cannot now predict with any certainty what adjustments, if any, will be made to the Enacted FY 2010 Budget or the outcome of the budget process for the fiscal years following the FY 2010 Budget.
Rhode Island’s labor market began to feel the effects of recession as early as January of 2007. The Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training reported that the unemployment rate leveled off at 10.5 percent in February and March of FY 2009 following January’s 10.3 percent rate — the first time it had not shown a monthly increase since May and June of FY 2007. At this time, Rhode Island’s unemployment rate of 10.5 percent is the sixth highest in the nation, lagging the U.S. unemployment rate of 8.5 percent. There was a year-over-year increase of 20,800 unemployed Rhode Islanders in March. The State unemployment rate for April 2009 was 11.1 percent. This compared to an 8.9 percent national rate. Rhode Island had the fourth highest rate in the country. In June 2009, Rhode Island’s unemployment rate rose to 12.4 percent, the second highest unemployment rate in the country. The U.S. unemployment rate for June 2009 was 9.5 percent.
Rhode Island’s unemployment rate is projected to peak at 12 percent in FY 2010. As recovery takes hold, Rhode Island’s unemployment rate is projected to steadily decline to 11.5 percent in FY 2011, to 9.0 percent in FY 2012, to 6.9 percent in FY 2013 and to 6.2 percent in FY 2014. Even at this lower rate, Rhode Island’s unemployment rate will be significantly higher than the rates achieved in the early 2000s.
The estimates for personal income growth suggest a downward revision in FY 2009 from the November 2008 estimates. The adopted personal income growth rate is projected to increase slightly in FY 2010 before approaching more normal growth rates through FY 2013, averaging 3.1 percent growth from FY 2010 through FY 2013. Likewise, estimates of dividend, interest and rental income are trending downward in FY 2009 before bouncing back in FY 2010 through FY 2014. Wage and salary income growth is projected to be negative in FY 2010, hitting bottom at a –2.2 percent rate of growth in FY 2010, before improving slightly in FY 2011. Beginning in FY 2012, wage and salary income growth is projected to rebound before accelerating sharply in FY 2013. A slight decline of 0.4 percentage points is anticipated in FY 2014.
General Fund Revenues and Expenditures. The State draws nearly all of its revenue from a series of non-property related taxes and excises, principally the personal income tax and the sales and use tax, from federal assistance payments and grants-in aid, and from earnings and receipts from certain State-operated programs and facilities. The State additionally derives revenue from a variety of special purpose fees and charges that must be used for specific purposes as required by State law.
The General Assembly’s Enacted FY 2010 Budget estimates general revenues of $3.077 billion, a decrease of –0.4 percent from the final enacted FY 2009 level of $3.088 billion. The Enacted FY 2010 Budget is composed of $2.915 billion of revenue estimated at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. Included in this adopted revenue estimate was $42.5 million of revenue enhancements that were enacted in April 2009. In addition, $158.8 million of enhancements to the revenue estimates adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference were enacted in June 2009. Thus, the enacted FY 2010 estimated general revenues include $201.2 million of revenue enhancements, of which $128.8 million is directly related to the reinstitution of the Hospital Licensing Fee. The enacted FY 2010 revenue estimate assumes the State regains tax revenues in FY 2010 formerly lost from several taxes due to the historic structures tax credit, which will now be paid from proceeds from revenue bonds that were issued by the Economic Development Corporation in June 2009 for that purpose.
Revised FY 2009 General Revenues. The General Assembly’s final FY 2009 Budget estimated general revenues of $3.088 billion, a decrease of 9.9 percent from the audited FY 2008 level. The General Assembly’s
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final FY 2009 budget is composed of $3.072 billion of revenue estimated at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference (sometimes hereinafter referred to as the “May 2009 Conference”) and $16.2 million of changes to these adopted estimates.
Revised Fiscal 2009 and 2010 Budgets. The largest source of final FY 2009 general revenues is the Personal Income Tax, with estimated receipts of $970.6 million. No change to personal income tax revenues were adopted by the General Assembly when it enacted the final FY 2009 Budget, making the May estimate and the final enacted estimate equal. Personal Income Taxes are expected to comprise 31.4 percent of total general revenues in FY 2009. Relative to audited FY 2008 collections, the Revised FY 2009 Revenue Estimate for Personal Income Taxes are $103.0 million less, yielding a growth rate of -9.6 percent. The Revised FY 2009 Revenue Estimate for Personal Income Taxes has been grossed up to reflect the reimbursement of the State from the Historic Structures Tax Credit Fund for any historic structures tax credit certificates that are redeemed against personal income taxes. Through June 30, 2009, these redemptions totaled $43.2 million. The Personal Income Tax is estimated to generate $963.2 million, $23.6 million more than the May 2009 Conference estimated for FY 2010. Personal Income Taxes are expected to comprise 31.3 percent of total general revenues in FY 2010. Relative to final enacted FY 2009 collections, enacted FY 2010 Personal Income Taxes are $7.4 million lower, yielding growth of –0.8 percent.
Sales and Use Tax collections are estimated at a total $823.2 million in the Revised FY 2009 Revenue Estimates, the same level included in the final FY 2009 budget. The final FY 2009 Budget included $1.1 million of increased sales tax collections from the higher retail price of cigarettes. The final FY 2009 Budget estimate for Sales and Use Taxes signifies negative growth of -2.5 percent over final FY 2008 collections. Sales and Use Taxes are anticipated to contribute 26.7 percent to total general revenues in FY 2009. Sales and Use Tax collections are enacted at a total $815.0 million in FY 2010, the same amount as the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference estimate for FY 2010. The General Assembly’s enacted FY 2010 estimate yields growth of –4.0 percent over the final enacted FY 2009 Sales and Use tax estimate. Sales and Use Taxes are anticipated to contribute 26.5 percent to total general revenues in FY 2010.
Motor Vehicle Operator License and Vehicle Registration Fees were estimated at $50.8 million, the same level as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. The General Assembly did not adopt any changes to Motor Vehicle licenses and registration fees in the final FY 2009 Budget. Relative to audited FY 2008 collections, the final FY 2009 budget estimate for Motor Vehicle licenses and fees is 4.5 percent more and is projected to comprise 1.6 percent of all general revenues in FY 2009.
Motor Carrier Fuel Use Taxes are projected at $1.0 million for FY 2009, no change from the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference estimate and $8,527 more than audited FY 2008 collections. Relative to the final enacted FY 2009 estimate, the enacted FY 2010 adopted estimate for Motor Vehicle licenses and fees is down $400,000, or –0.8 percent. Motor Carrier Fuel Use Taxes are enacted at $920,000 in FY 2010, the same level as was adopted at the May 2009 Conference and 8.0 percent less than the final enacted FY 2009 estimate of $1.0 million.
Cigarettes Taxes, which include excise taxes on cigarettes and ad valorem taxes on other tobacco products such as pipe tobacco, cigars and the like, are estimated to total $131.0 million in FY 2009. In the final FY 2009 Budget, the General Assembly increased the State’s cigarette excise tax from $2.46 to $3.46 per pack of 20 cigarettes and increased the tax on the wholesale price of other tobacco products from 40.0 percent to 80.0 percent. The revenue effects of these tax increases are incorporated into the final revenue estimate for Cigarettes Taxes. Compared to FY 2008 audited Cigarettes Taxes collections, the adopted estimate represents an increase of $16.3 million, or 14.2 percent. Cigarettes Taxes are enacted at $148.0 million for FY 2010, an increase of $17.0 million, or 13.0 percent over the final enacted FY 2009 estimate.
Alcohol Taxes are projected at $10.8 million for FY 2009, a decrease of 3.1 percent from audited FY 2008 collections. No change to Alcohol Tax revenues were adopted by the General Assembly when it enacted the final FY 2009 Budget, making the May estimates and the final enacted estimate equal. Alcohol Taxes are enacted at $10.9 million for FY 2010, an increase of $100,000, or 0.9 percent over the final enacted FY 2009 estimate.
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General Business Taxes are projected to comprise 11.7 percent of total general revenue collections in FY 2009. Business Corporations Tax revenues are estimated at $112.0 million, the same level as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. Business Corporations Tax collections are estimated to be 25.6 percent lower than audited FY 2008 collections. Business Corporations Taxes are expected to constitute 3.6 percent of total general revenues in FY 2009. Business Corporations Tax revenues are enacted to yield $113.0 million, the same amount as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. Business Corporations Tax collections are projected to be 0.9 percent higher than the final enacted FY 2009 estimate. Business Corporations Taxes are expected to constitute 3.7 percent of total general revenues in FY 2010.
Health Care Provider Assessments are estimated at the same level as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. This estimate includes a decrease in revenue from the reduction in Medicaid reimbursement rates to nursing facilities of 5 percent and a reduction in the direct labor cost center ceiling from 112 percent to 110 percent of the statewide median. These initiatives decrease total payments to nursing homes by $6.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, thereby lowering the gross revenue base upon which the 5.5 percent nursing home provider tax is applied. Compared to FY 2008 audited health care provider assessment collections, the final estimate represents a decrease of 9.3 percent. FY 2010 Health Care Provider Assessments are enacted to be $1.6 million lower than the levels adopted at the May 2009 Conference.
Insurance Companies Gross Premiums Taxes are estimated at a total of $80.4 million for FY 2009, as adopted by the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference, and are forecasted to be 18.2 percent higher than audited FY 2008 collections. The final estimate accounts for the General Assembly’s acceptance of the Governor’s proposals to increase the gross premiums tax rate for health maintenance organizations, non-profit hospital and medical service corporations, and non-profit dental service corporations from 1.75 percent to 2.0 percent and to remove the exemption from the Insurance Companies Gross Premiums tax for managed care plans organized pursuant to Title XIX of the Social Security Act effective January 1, 2009. Insurance Companies Gross Premiums Taxes are projected to comprise 2.6 percent of total general revenues in FY 2009. Insurance Companies Gross Premiums Taxes are enacted at a total of $81.9 million in FY 2010, the same amount as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. Insurance Companies Gross Premiums Taxes are expected to be 1.9 percent higher than the final enacted FY 2009 estimate. They are projected to comprise 2.7 percent of total enacted general revenues in FY 2010.
The final FY 2009 Financial Institution Taxes estimate is $4.1 million. Financial Institutions Taxes represent 0.1 percent of total revised general revenues in FY 2009. Relative to audited FY 2008 collections, the final FY 2009 Budget estimate for Financial Institutions Taxes is 125.6 percent more. FY 2010 Financial Institution Taxes are enacted at the same level as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. At a total of $3.8 million, they represent 0.1 percent of total enacted general revenues in FY 2010. Relative to the final enacted FY 2009 estimate, the enacted FY 2010 level of Financial Institutions Taxes is 9.2 percent less.
FY 2009 Bank Deposits Taxes are projected at the level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference and total $1.7 million. The FY 2009 level of Bank Deposits Taxes yields a growth rate of –0.6 percent when compared to audited FY 2008 collections. The enacted FY 2010 level of Bank Deposits Taxes yields a growth rate of 1.8 percent when compared to the final enacted FY 2009 estimate.
The final FY 2009 Public Utilities Gross Earnings Taxes estimate is the same as the level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. The final FY 2009 Budget estimate is projected at $115.0 million and comprises 3.7 percent of total general revenues in FY 2009. The final estimate represents an increase of 15.7 percent over audited FY 2008 Public Utilities Gross Earnings tax collections. Enacted FY 2010 Public Utilities Gross Earnings Taxes are $115.0 million and comprise 3.7 percent of total enacted general revenues.
Inheritance and Gift Taxes are estimated at $30.2 million, the same amount as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. At this level, the final FY 2009 estimate for Inheritance and Gift Taxes are expected to constitute 1.0 percent of total general revenues. Inheritance and Gift Taxes are enacted at $29.4 million for FY 2010.
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The final FY 2009 revenue estimate for Inheritance and Gift Taxes is 14.5 percent less than audited FY 2008 collections. The final FY 2009 revenue estimates for Realty Transfer Taxes are projected at the same level as was adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. Thus, the final FY 2009 revenue estimate for Realty Transfer Taxes is $7.5 million, which represents negative growth of -26.6 percent from audited FY 2008 levels. Racing and Athletics Taxes are estimated at the level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. This estimate represents a decline of $312,860, or –11.1 percent, from audited FY 2008 collections. Total Racing and Athletics Taxes are expected at $2.5 million. FY 2010 Realty Transfer Taxes are enacted at the same level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. Thus, enacted Realty Transfer Taxes are $7.2 million, which represents negative growth of -4.0 percent from final enacted FY 2009 levels. Racing and Athletics Taxes are also enacted at the level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. This estimate represents a decline of $400,000 or –16.0 percent, from final enacted FY 2009 levels.
The adopted total of all Other Taxes is 1.3 percent of total general revenues in FY 2009. No change to Other Taxes were adopted by the General Assembly when it enacted the final FY 2009 Budget, making the May 2009 estimates and the final enacted estimate the same.
Final FY 2009 departmental receipts are estimated to be $16.2 million more than the FY 2009 departmental receipts estimate adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. This increase is due to the General Assembly’s increase of the hospital licensing fee rate for FY 2009. Final FY 2009 departmental receipts comprise 10.7 percent of estimated total general revenues. Relative to audited FY 2008 departmental receipt collections, the final FY 2009 revenue estimate for departmental receipts yields a growth rate of –7.4 percent. In the licenses and fees category of departmental receipts, $127.6 million is expected as a result of the re-institution of the hospital licensing fee at 5.237 percent of 2007 net patient revenues for FY 2009.
The Other Sources component total of $369.1 million in the final FY 2009 Budget estimate represents a decrease of –33.6 percent, or $186.9 million, compared to audited FY 2008 Other Sources collections. Final Other Sources revenues are expected to comprise 12.0 percent of total general revenues for FY 2009. The final FY 2009 Budget estimate of Other Sources revenues is equal to the level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. The Other Sources component enacted total of $362.7 million in FY 2010 represents a decrease of 1.7 percent, or $6.4 million, compared to final enacted FY 2009 Other Sources estimate. Enacted FY 2010 Other Sources revenues are expected to comprise 11.8 percent of total enacted general revenues.
The final FY 2009 revenue estimate for Other Miscellaneous Revenues is $163.4 million lower than the audited FY 2008 level, a decrease of 89.9 percent. This decrease is due in large part to the inclusion of tobacco securitization proceeds worth $124.0 million in FY 2008 that do not repeat in FY 2009. Other Miscellaneous Revenues are projected at $18.4 million in the final FY 2009 Budget, amounting to 0.6 percent of all general revenues. The Enacted FY 2010 Budget for Other Miscellaneous Revenues is $9.4 million lower than the final enacted FY 2009 level, a decrease of 51.1 percent.
Within the Gas Tax Transfer component, the final FY 2009 revenue estimate is the same as the level adopted at the May 2009 Conference. The Gas Tax Transfer is estimated at $4.4 million, comprising 0.1 percent of total general revenues in FY 2009. Relative to the audited FY 2008 transfer, the final FY 2009 gas tax transfer is less by 2.5 percent. No change to Gas Tax collections were adopted by the General Assembly when it enacted the FY 2009 Final Budget. Within the Gas Tax Transfer component, the General Assembly’s Enacted FY 2010 Budget shows a 100 percent decrease from the FY 2010 level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. The Gas Tax Transfer is enacted at zero due primarily to the passage of the Governor’s proposal to terminate the transfer of $0.01 of the $0.30 in per gallon gas tax collections from the Intermodal Surface Transportation Fund (ISTF) to the General Fund for FY 2010. This is an estimated decrease of $4.4 million in general revenues for FY 2010.
Within the Lottery category, the final FY 2009 revenue estimate of $338.1 million is $16.2 million less than the audited FY 2008 transfer, a decrease of 4.6 percent. The final FY 2009 revenue estimate comprises 10.9
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percent of the total general revenues in FY 2009. The General Assembly adopted no changes from the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference estimate for the Lottery Transfer. Within the Lottery category, the Enacted FY 2010 Budget is $10.6 million greater than the final enacted FY 2009 transfer, an increase of 3.1 percent. The General Assembly enacted a $7.6 million increase over the level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference to reflect the extension of 24 hours a day, three days a week (24/3) operation of video lottery terminals (VLT) to FY 2010. An additional $3.1 million of increased revenues to the State was added for the introduction of 24 hours a day, seven days a week VLT operations at both Twin River and Newport Grand. In FY 2010, the Lottery Transfer is enacted to be $348.7 million and comprises 11.3 percent of total enacted general revenues.
In March 2008, UTGR, Inc., the owner and operator of Twin River, one of the two licensed video lottery facilities of the State, defaulted on loan payments to its lenders who provided a $565 million loan package to UTGR, Inc. and its parent companies to buy and expand the Twin River facility. As a result of defaulting on loan payments, UTGR entered into a forbearance agreement with its lenders. In September 2008, both Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service downgraded their rating of the company that owns Twin River, and Moody’s issued a statement warning of a “high probability of bankruptcy.” The forbearance agreement expired on January 31, 2009 and was not extended.
On or about June 23, 2009, UTGR, Inc. d/b/a Twin River, BLB Management Services, Inc, and BLB Worldwide Holdings, Inc. (collectively, the “Debtors”) commenced a Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceeding by filing voluntary petitions for relief in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Rhode Island (Case No. 09–12418). The filing was made when — after months of discussions and negotiations — the Debtors, their lenders and the State reached an agreement in principle with respect to a consensual reorganization plan, which plan is subject to approval of the Bankruptcy Court. The consensual plan contemplates, among other things, that the lenders will remove approximately $290 million of the approximately $590 million of debt on the balance sheet of the facility and, subject to the State’s regulatory approval process, the lenders shall become the new owners of the facility and search for a new operator for the facility to replace the Debtors. The State is represented in the bankruptcy proceedings by outside legal counsel (Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP and Brown Rudnick LLP). Since the filing, the Debtors have continued in the management and operation of the business as debtors in possession pursuant to sections 1107 and 1108 of the Bankruptcy Code and Twin River has continued to remain open as usual. Although the plan provides for the State to make additional investments in the marketing and management for the facility, it is not anticipated that the bankruptcy will have a significant effect on the lottery revenues the State expects to continue to receive from the facility. The Rhode Island Lottery continues to control and regulate the video lottery operations at the facility, including cash receipts, cash transfers and cash deposits.
The Department of Revenue, Division of Lotteries, and the Department of Business Regulation continue to closely monitor the situation. Any proposal to have a new operator of the facility and/or any proposal to transfer ownership of the facility would need regulatory approval. The possible opening of new gaming sites in Massachusetts may significantly reduce revenues of Twin River since such sites are likely to reduce the number of out-of-state patrons visiting Twin River.
The final category of general revenue receipts is the Unclaimed Property transfer. This transfer is expected to decrease by $7.2 million, or 46.7 percent, from the audited FY 2008 transfer. The source of this decrease is primarily due to the non-recurrence of the demutualization proceeds that were received in FY 2008. The final FY 2009 revenue estimate for Unclaimed Property transfer is projected to be $8.2 million the same as the level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. The Unclaimed Property transfer is expected to comprise 0.3 percent of all general revenues in FY 2009. In FY 2010, this transfer is enacted to decrease by $3.2 million, or 39.0 percent, from the final enacted FY 2009 transfer.
Enacted FY 2010 departmental receipts are expected to generate $131.8 million more than the FY 2010 level adopted at the May 2009 Revenue Estimating Conference. Including all of the General Assembly’s enacted
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changes to departmental receipts yields total enacted departmental revenues of $335.5 million for FY 2010. Enacted FY 2010 departmental receipts represent 10.9 percent of total enacted general revenues. Relative to final enacted FY 2009 departmental receipt levels, the enacted FY 2010 estimate of departmental receipts yields a growth rate of 1.6 percent. In the licenses and fees category of departmental receipts, $128.8 million is expected as a result of the Assembly’s proposal to re-institute the hospital licensing fee for FY 2010 at a rate of 5.237 percent of 2008 net patient revenues.
The enacted FY 2010 departmental receipts figure includes several other initiatives that reflect a change from the estimates adopted at the May 2009 Conference for departmental receipts.
Major State Expenses. The State has encountered and will encounter significant difficulties in solving several major funding obligations, mainly:
1. | State Aid to Local Communities |
2. | Infrastructure |
3. | Debt Burden |
4. | Employee Retirement |
State Aid to Local Communities. The largest category of State aid to cities and towns is assistance programs for school operations and school construction. The general school aid program disburses funding to communities on the basis of a number of factors including wealth of the community and the number of children eligible for free or reduced price meals. A number of legislative, executive or collaborative efforts have been made to refine the commitment and strategy for financing local education into the future. Thus far, there has been no strategy confirmed by a statutory scheme specifying a precise method of determining entitlements in future years. Midway through FY 2009, the General Assembly enacted a $42.6 million reduction from the originally enacted budget of $691.4 million in school operations aid. This included a reduction of $38.3 million of general aid offset by $38.3 million of federal funds to be received by local governments through the “State Stabilization Fund” under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”). It also included a $5.3 million reduction in Professional Development Funds, and a $4.3 million reduction associated with revenues generated from video lottery operations dedicated to the Permanent School Fund, a fund which is established by the Constitution to benefit schools but previously had relatively small annual resources. Local governments were also expected to receive $16.2 million of Title I funds and $19.4 of IDEA funds through ARRA in FY 2009. In FY 2010, $37.2 million of State stabilization funding from ARRA for educational purposes will be provided to local governments. In FY 2010, local governments are expected to receive $17.2 million of Title I funds and $21.9 million of IDEA funds.
In addition to reimbursement of school operations costs, State school construction aid is provided at levels ranging from 30 percent to 88 percent of the construction cost of new facilities. The level is based upon the relationship between student enrollment and community wealth, and takes into consideration the relative weight of school debt in the particular city or town to its total debt. Beginning in FY 1997, the definition of reimbursable expenditures was expanded to include capital expenditures made through a capital lease or lease revenue bonds or from a municipality’s capital reserve account. In FY 1997, disbursements to local school districts totaled $18.1 million. The FY 2010 enacted Budget provides $61.5 million for this category of aid. A related program will provide approximately $2.8 million in FY 2010 to cities and towns to provide aid in the construction of libraries.
Other local aid programs include the motor vehicle excise tax reimbursement, general revenue sharing and payment-in-lieu-of-taxes (PILOT) program. Beginning in 1987, a variety of general State aid programs were consolidated into one general revenue sharing program which incorporated a distribution formula based upon relative population, tax effort for municipal services and personal income of each city and town. The general revenue sharing program also incorporated additional funding to compensate municipalities for the phased loss of
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the inventory tax as described above. The FY 2009 Budget included $55.1 million for this program. Midway through FY 2009, the General Assembly enacted a reduction of $30.1 million from the $55.1 million enacted level and no funding was appropriated in FY 2010. The Motor Vehicle Excise Tax Reimbursement program is funded at $135.6 million in the FY 2010 Enacted Budget.
The PILOT program authorizes the General Assembly to appropriate and distribute to communities amounts not to exceed 27 percent of the property taxes that would have been collected on tax exempt properties. Properties included in this program are non-profit educational institutions, non-profit or State-owned hospitals, veterans’ residential facility, and correctional facilities. The FY 2010 Enacted Budget includes $27.6 million for this program. Also, the State makes payments to communities identified as distressed based upon four different criteria. Appropriations of $10.4 million are included in the FY 2010 Enacted Budget to fund entitlements for seven communities. Of these seven communities, Central Falls was determined to be especially distressed in 1991 and in FY 1993 the State assumed full responsibility for funding education in Central Falls. Rhode Island distributes to communities the proceeds of a statewide tax imposed on the tangible personal property of telephone, telegraph, cable, express and telecommunications companies. This aid is estimated at $10.2 million for FY 2010. Also, the State distributes a 1% (one percent) meals and beverage tax estimated at $19.1 million for FY 2010.
Infrastructure. The Department of Transportation is organized to carry out its responsibilities for the construction and maintenance of all State roads, bridges, transportation facilities (other than those operated and maintained by the Rhode Island Turnpike and Bridge Authority), and the administration of State and federal highway construction assistance programs. The Department’s activities have substantially increased primarily due to the continued road funding resulting from passage of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). Major ongoing construction and rehabilitation projects include the Route 195 Relocation, reconstruction of the Washington Bridge, replacement of the Sakonnet River Bridge, the extension of Route 403 and the Freight Rail Improvement program. During the 2003 session of the General Assembly, the Rhode Island Department of Economic Development, at the request of the Governor and Department of Transportation, received authority to issue bonds secured by future distributions of Federal Highway Trust funds and a dedicated portion of motor fuel tax revenues to speed completion of these projects. The State completed the GARVEE financings in three series over a period of six years. The first series, in the amount of $216,805,000, was issued on November 25, 2003. The second series, in the amount of $184,620,000, was issued on March 2, 2006. The third series in the amount of $169,395,000 was issued on April 2, 2009. Given the magnitude of the projects and recent construction inflation, the projects collectively have cost significantly more than originally expected, which cost increases are likely to continue until such projects are completed. To the extent costs are higher, funding from the annual State and Federal Highway Construction Assistance Programs would be available as a source of funding. This could displace other planned projects.
In order to address possible future reductions in federal highway funding and the State’s aging transportation infrastructure, the Governor formed in March 2008 a Blue Ribbon Panel for Transportation Funding. The Panel reviewed the State’s aging transportation infrastructure, the projects required to maintain the transportation infrastructure for the next five years, and the available funding or shortfall in funding for such projects in light of the current status of the Federal Highway Trust Fund, and identified possible options for future funding.
The Blue Ribbon Panel for Transportation Funding released its report dated as of December 23, 2008. The Blue Ribbon Panel projected that the State would need to spend approximately $639 million per year during the next 10 years to maintain the State’s highway system in a state of good operation and repair but that state and federal funding currently provides only approximately $354 million per year. The Blue Ribbon panel suggested various funding strategies that could possibly be implemented to meet, in whole or in part, the $285 million funding gap each year. Such recommended funding strategies included levying a $3 toll on all cars and $6 on all trucks entering the State, imposing tolls on all bridges between Aquidneck Island and the mainland, raising passenger-vehicle registration fees, raising the State gasoline tax by as much as 15 cents per gallon, creation of a
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petroleum product gross receipts tax and a vehicle miles traveled fee. The various revenue strategies outlined would require legislation for implementation. Despite the temporary relief provided through ARRA, transportation infrastructure funding will continue to present challenges and the Blue Ribbon Panel funding strategies may be revisited.
Debt Burden
Authorization and Debt Limits. Under the State constitution, the General Assembly has no power to incur State debts in excess of $50,000 without the consent of the people, except in the case of war, insurrection or invasion, or to pledge the faith of the State to the payment of obligations of others without such consent. By judicial interpretation, the limitation stated above has been judged to include all debts of the State for which its full faith and credit are pledged, including general obligation bonds and notes, bonds and notes guaranteed by the State, and debts or loans insured by agencies of the State, such as the Industrial-Recreational Building Authority. However, non-binding agreements of the State to appropriate monies in aid of obligations of a State agency, such as the provisions of law governing the capital reserve funds of the Port Authority and Economic Development Corporation, now known as the Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation, the Housing and Mortgage Finance Corporation, or to appropriate monies to pay rental obligations under State long-term leases, such as the State’s lease agreements with the Convention Center Authority, are not subject to this limitation.
Net Tax Supported State Debt. The State has multiple categories of State debt, including without limitation, direct debt, guaranteed debt, and other obligations subject to annual appropriation. As of July 1, 2009, authorized but unissued direct debt totaled $269,326,822 and there was no authorized but unissued guaranteed debt. Direct debt is authorized by the voters as general obligation bonds and notes. Current interest bonds require the State to make annual payments of principal and semi-annual payments of interest on bonds outstanding, and the capital appreciation bonds of the State require the payment of principal and interest at maturity. As of June 30, 2009, the State had $1.036 billion of general obligation tax supported bonds outstanding. The State currently has no variable rate debt outstanding. Guaranteed debt of the State includes bonds and notes issued by, or on behalf of, certain agencies, commissions and authorities created by the General Assembly and charged with enterprise undertakings, for the payment of which debt the full faith and credit of the State are pledged in the event that the revenues of such entities may at any time be insufficient. As of July 1, 2009, there was no outstanding or authorized but unissued guaranteed debt. However, the State has agreed to appropriate or borrow and pay to the Rhode Island Industrial Recreational Building Authority any amounts required up to $20,000,000 to service eligible mortgage loans for industrial and/or recreational projects insured under the Industrial Recreational Building Mortgage Insurance Fund that are in default and for which funds in the Industrial Recreational Building Mortgage Insurance Fund are insufficient.
Obligations Carrying Moral Obligation of State. Certain agencies of the State have the ability to issue bonds which are also secured by a capital reserve fund. If at any time the capital reserve fund falls below its funding requirement, the agency is authorized to request the General Assembly to appropriate the amount of the deficiency. The General Assembly may, but is not obligated to, appropriate the amount of the deficiency.
Other Obligations Subject to Annual Appropriation. The State has entered into certain contractual agreements which, although of a long-term nature, are subject to annual appropriation by the General Assembly.
Authorized But Unissued Obligations Subject to Annual Appropriation. In addition to the debt authorized by the voters for which the full faith and credit is pledged, the General Assembly has authorized the issuance of debt which is subject to annual appropriation. The State plans to issue approximately $52.7 million of Certificates of Participation in FY 2010. The State also anticipates issuing up to $13 million to fund the Registry of Motor Vehicles Systems in early FY 2010. In June 2010, it is expected that the Economic Development Corporation will issue approximately an additional $100 million of bonds to reimburse the State each fiscal year for tax credits taken relating to the Historic Structures Tax Credit Program in order to stabilize budget projections and the annual impact of the taking of such tax credits. The actual amount of bonds issued will be dependent upon the
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compliance by the parties involved with the projects. The debt service on these bonds will be subject to annual appropriation by the General Assembly. There are other debt authorizations approved by quasi-public agencies and the Board of Governors for Higher Education which will be funded from non-general revenue sources.
The FY 2010 Enacted Budget included a Debt Management Joint Resolution that allows the Rhode Island Public Rail Corporation, which is an instrumentality of the State, to fully indemnify AMTRAK’s operations of the South County Commuter Rail. Section 8 of Article 17 of the FY 2010 Appropriations Act authorizes the Rail Corporation to secure, with the funding support of the Department of Transportation, either a line or evergreen letter of credit in the amount of $7.5 million in favor of AMTRAK to secure the Rail Corporation’s performance of its obligations arising under any South County Rail Service agreements that may be entered into.
State Agencies and Authorities. The General Assembly from time to time has authorized the creation of certain specialized independent authorities, districts and corporations to carry out specific governmental functions, including, but not limited to the Rhode Island Turnpike and Bridge Authority, Narragansett Bay Commission, Rhode Island Industrial-Recreational Building Authority, Rhode Island Refunding Bond Authority, Rhode Island Convention Center Authority, Rhode Island Resource Recovery Corporation, Rhode Island Clean Water Finance Agency, Rhode Island Public Transit Authority, Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation, Rhode Island Airport Corporation, Rhode Island Industrial Facilities Corporation, Rhode Island Housing and Mortgage Finance Corporation, Rhode Island Student Loan Authority, Rhode Island Higher Education Assistance Authority, Rhode Island Water Resources Board Corporate, Rhode Island Health and Educational Building Corporation and Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation. In certain cases, bonds and other obligations issued by these entities have been guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the State; additionally, the State may provide significant financial assistance for their operations. In other cases, such entities, although empowered to issue bonds, may not pledge the full faith and credit of the State and, therefore, these bonds are not guaranteed by the State.
Employees’ Retirement System. The State of Rhode Island Employees’ Retirement System (“ERSRI”) is a multiple employer, cost-sharing, public employee retirement system that acts as a common investment and administrative agent for pension benefits to be provided to State employees who meet eligibility requirements as well as teachers and certain other employees employed by local school districts in Rhode Island. A separate retirement program is maintained for members of the faculty of the State University and colleges and certain administrative employees in education and higher education. This program is provided through Teachers’ Insurance and Annuity Association Plan (“TIAA”).
The ERSRI provides retirement, disability and death benefit coverage, as well as health insurance benefits for members retiring on or after July 1, 1989. Pension, disability and death benefits are funded (a) for State employees by contributions from the State and the employees and (b) for public school teachers by contributions from the teachers with employer contributions shared by the local education agencies (“LEA”) and the State, except that, benefits under the Teachers’ Survivors’ Plan are financed by the LEAs and the teachers. Additionally, the State created the Judicial Retirement Benefits Trust (“JRBT”) to fund retirement benefits for judges hired after December 31, 1989 and the State Police Retirement Benefits Plan (“SPRBP”) to fund retirement benefits for state police officers originally hired after July 1, 1987. These two plans are significantly smaller than the ERSRI for state employees and teachers. As of June 30, 2007, there are 44 active members and five retirees and beneficiaries of the JRBT and 179 active members and three retirees and beneficiaries of the SPRBT. Pensions for state police officers and judges hired prior to the dates reflected above for each of the plans are funded on a pay as you go basis. Retiree health insurance benefits are currently funded on a pay as you go basis and are not paid from any trust fund. The System’s Actuary is currently Gabriel, Roeder, Smith & Company.
Financial Objectives and Funding Policy. The actuarial cost method and the amortization periods are set by statute. As of the June 30, 1999 valuation, Rhode Island General Laws 36-10-2 and 36-10-2.1 provide for a funding method of Entry Age Normal (“EAN”) and amortization of the Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liability (“UAAL”) over a period not to exceed thirty (30) years as of June 30, 1999. Under this method, the actuarial
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gains (losses) are reflected as they occur in a decrease (increase) in the UAAL. The contribution rates are intended to be sufficient to pay normal cost and to amortize UAAL in level payments over a fixed period of 22 years (30 years from June 30, 1999). The actuary considers the funding period reasonable.
The State’s total contributions (exclusive of contributions by LEA for teachers) to the ERSRI, JRBT and SPRBP were $151.26 million in FY 2006, $195.23 million in FY 2007, and $219.86 million in FY 2008, and are estimated to be $255 million in FY 2009 and $255.8 million for FY 2010 based upon the actuarial report as of June 30, 2007. The State has made 100% of its actuarially determined contributions to the pension system during the past fifteen years.
Progress Toward Realization of Financing Objectives. As of June 30, 2007, the date of the last actuarial valuation, the total UAAL for the pension plans was $4.86 billion, which consists of $1.84 billion for State employees, $3.01 billion for teachers, $5 million for state police and $2.8 million for judges. The funded ratio (the ratio of the actuarial value of assets to the unfunded actuarial accrued liability) is a standard measure of a plan’s funded status. In the absence of benefit improvements, it should increase over time, until it reaches 100 percent. For the State employees, the funded ratio increased from 54.6% to 57.5% during the period July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007, while for teachers the ratio increased from 52.7% to 55.4% over the same period. During the same period, the funded ratio increased from 86.8% to 91.3% for the judges and increased for the state police from 86.0% to 90.2%. These are based on the Entry Age Normal funding method effective June 30, 1999.
The State’s unfunded pension liability, as reflected in the actuarial valuation as of June 30, 2007, is primarily due to the level of benefits being provided to employees under the plans and the failure of investment returns under the plans to historically meet the annual investment return assumption of 8.25%. The average annual return for the plans based on the market value of assets over the period from July 1, 1997 to June 30, 2007 was 7.37%. The average annual return for the plans based on the actuarial value of assets over the same period was 6.59%.
As a result of the recent decline in the number of State workers employed to contribute to the pension system and the recent increase in State worker retirements, the State pension system is likely to be placed under further financial stress. In addition, subsequent to June 30, 2008, the fair value of the investments held within the pension trust funds have declined significantly, consistent with overall declines in the domestic and international financial markets, which is likely to place even further financial stress on the State’s pension system. At June 30, 2009 declines were approximately 19.2% compared to the fair value of investments at June 30, 2008. Since January 2008, the value of the funds have fallen 27.4%. However, the State Investment Commission has adopted a long term investment policy for the system’s investments, which includes diversification of holdings pursuant to an asset allocation model. Furthermore, the effect of the funded status of the plans and required contributions due to any near term decline in value of the pension trust fund investments will be tempered by the five-year smoothing method employed in the actuarial value of the assets.
Other Benefits. In addition to benefits provided to State employees by the State Retirement System described above, State employees since 1956 have also been covered under the provisions of the Federal Old-Age and Survivor’s Insurance Program (Title II of the Federal Social Security Act). Benefit rates, State, and member contributions are governed by federal law. The State is also subject to the unemployment compensation provisions of the federal employment security law. Contributions under this program by the State are made by annual appropriation of actual benefit costs incurred rather than a percentage of payroll.
In order to address the unfunded liability associated with retiree health benefits and reduce the ongoing cost to the taxpayer, as part of his FY 2009 financial plan, the Governor recommended modifying eligibility requirements and co-share percentages for retiree health. The General Assembly adopted his proposal with minor modifications including changing the effective date to October 1, 2008. Employees retiring after October 1, 2008 would be eligible for retiree health coverage through the State if they are age 59 or over with a minimum of 20 years of service. For employees retiring before October 1, 2008, an employee with over 10 years of service as of
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July 1, 2005 was eligible for retirement with at least 28 years of service at any age, or at least 10 years of service and at least age 60, and was therefore eligible for retiree health. For those employees with less than 10 years of service prior to July 1, 2005, the employee had to be age 59 with at least 29 years of service, age 65 with ten years of service, or age 55 with 20 years of service. The enacted reform modified the co-share percentage to require a 20 percent co-share on the full cost of the early retiree or post-65 plan in which the retiree is enrolled. For those retiring prior to October 1, 2008, the early retirees pay a co-share based on years of service on the active employee rate. For these employees retiring prior to October 1, 2008 who are over age 60 with at least 28 years of service, the state pays 100 percent of the cost of the plan. Pursuant to GASB Statement 45, “Other Post Employment Benefits” the State obtained an updated actuarial valuation of the unfunded liability relating to retiree medical benefits. The unfunded liability as of June 30, 2007 was determined to be approximately $788.2 million, including $679.5 million for State employees, $54.6 million for State Police, $29.7 million for Legislators, and $14 million for Judges, and $10.2 million for the State’s share for teachers. This was calculated using an investment rate of return of 3.566% due to the fact that, for fiscal year ending June 30, 2009, the plan was not funded on an actuarial basis. The annual required contribution as a percentage of payroll would be 7.91%, 29.83%, 116.91% and 11.64% (no rate for teachers), respectively. This unfunded liability related to retiree medical benefits as of June 30, 2007 reflects an increase from such unfunded liability of $643.5 million as of June 30, 2005 (based on a discount rate of 3.566%). The actuarial analysis also included estimates utilizing alternative rates of return. The estimated unfunded liability as of June 30, 2007 utilizing an investment rate of 5.0% was $655.2 million. The total contributions made by the State and the other participating employees for retiree medical benefits were $28.4 million in FY 2008, which contributions reflect only a pay as you go amount necessary to provide for current benefits to retirees and administrative costs. The State has not set aside any funds on an actuarial basis to address the unfunded retiree medical benefit liabilities, which continue to grow. During the 2008 session of the General Assembly, in order to begin funding this unfunded liability, legislation was enacted which would require the State to fund on an actuarial basis and which authorized creation of a trust fund for retiree medical benefit liabilities. The actuarial valuation report as of June 30, 2007 reflected that the annual required contribution for FY 2010 would be $56,917,900 (based on a discount rate of 3.566%). During the 2009 Session of the General Assembly, the actuarial funding requirement was delayed until FY 2011 due to budget constraints.
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Appendix B – Statement of Additional Information of Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
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Columbia Management®
COLUMBIA FUNDS SERIES TRUST I
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
April 1, 2010
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | Class Z Shares | ||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | COLTX | CTEBX | COLCX | CTEZX |
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus, is not a substitute for reading any prospectus and is intended to be read in conjunction with the Fund’s prospectuses dated April 1, 2010. The most recent annual report for the Fund, which include the Fund’s audited financial statements dated November 30, 2009, is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
Copies of the Fund’s current prospectuses and annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained without charge by writing Columbia Management Services, Inc., P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081, by calling Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or by visiting the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiafunds.com.
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The SAI is a part of the Fund’s registration statement that is filed with the SEC. The registration statement includes the Fund’s prospectuses, the SAI and certain exhibits. The SAI, and any supplements to it, can be found online at www.columbiafunds.com, or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The SAI generally provides additional information about the Fund that is not required to be in the Fund’s prospectuses. The SAI expands discussions of certain matters described in the Fund’s prospectuses and provides certain additional information about the Fund that may be of interest to some investors. Among other things, the SAI provides information about:
• | the organization of the Trust; |
• | the Fund’s investments; |
• | the Fund’s investment advisor, investment sub-advisor(s) (if any) and other service providers, including roles and relationships of Bank of America and its affiliates, and conflicts of interest; |
• | the governance of the Fund; |
• | the Fund’s brokerage practices; |
• | the share classes offered by the Fund; |
• | the purchase, redemption and pricing of Fund shares; and |
• | the application of U.S. federal income tax laws. |
Investors may find this information important and helpful. If you have any questions about the Fund, please call Columbia Funds at 800.345.6611 or contact your financial advisor.
Before reading the SAI, you should consult the Glossary below, which defines certain of the terms used in the SAI.
Glossary
Term | Definition | |
1933 Act | Securities Act of 1933, as amended | |
1934 Act | Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended | |
1940 Act | Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended | |
Administration Agreement | The administration agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Administrator | |
Administrator | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
Advisor | Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | |
BANA | Bank of America, National Association | |
BAS | Banc of America Securities LLC | |
Bank of America | Bank of America Corporation | |
BFDS/DST | Boston Financial Data Services, Inc./DST Systems, Inc. | |
Board | The Trust’s Board of Trustees | |
Brandes | Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. | |
CMOs | Collateralized mortgage obligations |
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Term | Definition | |
Code | Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
Codes of Ethics | The codes of ethics adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act | |
Columbia Funds Complex | The mutual fund complex that is comprised of the open-end investment management companies advised by the Advisor or its affiliates and principally underwritten by Columbia Management Distributors, Inc., as that term is defined under Item 17 of Form N-1A | |
Columbia Funds or Columbia Funds Family | The fund complex that is comprised of the open-end investment management companies advised by the Advisor or its affiliates and principally underwritten by Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. | |
Custodian or State Street | State Street Bank and Trust Company | |
Distributor | Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. | |
Distribution Agreement | The distribution agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Distributor | |
Distribution Plan(s) | One or more of the plans adopted by the Board pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the distribution of the Fund’s shares | |
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | |
FHLMC | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | |
Fitch | Fitch Investors Service, Inc. | |
FNMA | Federal National Mortgage Association | |
The Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | |
GNMA | Government National Mortgage Association | |
Independent Trustees | The Trustees of the Board who are not “interested persons” of the Funds as defined in the 1940 Act | |
Interested Trustee | The Trustee of the Board who is an “interested person” of the Funds as defined in the 1940 Act | |
Investment Advisory Agreement | The investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Advisor | |
IRS | United States Internal Revenue Service | |
LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate | |
Marsico | Marsico Capital Management, LLC | |
Merrill Lynch | Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | |
MLPF&S | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | |
Money Market Fund(s) | One or more of the money market funds in the Columbia Funds Family | |
Moody’s | Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. | |
NASDAQ | National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations system | |
NRSRO | Nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (such as Moody’s, Fitch or S&P) | |
NSCC | National Securities Clearing Corporation | |
NYSE | New York Stock Exchange | |
Principal Underwriter | Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. |
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Term | Definition | |
REIT | Real estate investment trust | |
REMIC | Real estate mortgage investment conduit | |
RIC | A “regulated investment company,” as such term is used in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended | |
S&P | Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“Standard & Poor’s” and “S&P” are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and have been licensed for use by the Advisor. The Columbia Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Standard & Poor’s and Standard & Poor’s makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Columbia Funds). | |
SAI | This Statement of Additional Information | |
SEC | United States Securities and Exchange Commission | |
Selling Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a sales support agreement with the Distributor | |
Servicing Agent(s) | One or more of the banks, broker/dealers or other financial institutions that have entered into a shareholder servicing agreement with the Distributor | |
Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Transfer Agency Agreement | The transfer agency agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Columbia Management Services, Inc. | |
Transfer Agent | Columbia Management Services, Inc. | |
The Trust | Columbia Funds Series Trust I, the registered investment company in the Columbia Funds Family to which this SAI relates | |
Trustee(s) | One or more of the Board’s Trustees |
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The Trust is a registered investment company under the 1940 Act within the Columbia Funds Family. Columbia Funds offers over 100 mutual funds in major asset classes, and the Advisor had approximate assets under management of $292.9 billion as of December 31, 2009.
The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust in 1987. On September 23, 2005, the Trust changed its name from Columbia Funds Trust IX to its current name. On October 13, 2003, the Trust changed its name from Liberty-Stein Roe Funds Municipal Trust to Columbia Funds Trust IX.
The Fund represents a series of the Trust and is an open-end diversified management investment company. The Fund has a fiscal year end of November 30th.
Prior to September 19, 2005 (the Fund Reorganization Date), the Fund was organized as a series of Columbia Funds Trust IV, a Massachusetts business trust (the Predecessor Fund). The information provided for the Fund in this SAI for periods prior to the Fund Reorganization Date relates to the Predecessor Fund. The Predecessor Fund commenced investment operations on November 21, 1978.
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The investment objective, principal investment strategies (i.e., as used in this SAI and the corresponding prospectuses, a strategy which generally involves the ability to invest 10% or more of the Fund’s total assets) and related principal investment risks for the Fund are discussed in the Fund’s prospectuses.
Certain Investment Activity Limits
The overall investment and other activities of the Advisor and its affiliates may limit the investment opportunities for the Fund in certain markets where limitations are imposed by regulators upon the amount of investment by affiliated investors, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. From time to time, the Fund’s activities also may be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to the Advisor and its affiliates and/ or because of their internal policies. See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest.
Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
The following discussion of “fundamental” and “non-fundamental” investment policies and limitations for the Fund supplements the discussion of investment policies in the Fund’s prospectuses. A fundamental policy may be changed only with Board and shareholder approval. A non-fundamental policy may be changed by the Board and does not require shareholder approval, but may require notice to shareholders in certain instances.
Unless otherwise noted, whenever an investment policy or limitation states a maximum percentage of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding an investment standard, compliance with such percentage limitation or standard will be determined solely at the time of the Fund’s acquisition of such security or asset. Borrowings and other instruments that may give rise to leverage and the restriction on investing in illiquid securities are monitored on an ongoing basis.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The 1940 Act provides that a “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. The following fundamental investment policies cannot be changed without such a vote.
The Fund may not, as a matter of fundamental policy:
1. Underwrite any issue of securities issued by other persons within the meaning of the 1933 Act except when it might be deemed to be an underwriter either: (i) in connection with the disposition of a portfolio security; or (ii) in connection with the purchase of securities directly from the issuer thereof in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective. This restriction shall not limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities issued by other registered investment companies;
2. Purchase or sell real estate, except the Fund may: (i) purchase securities of issuers which deal or invest in real estate, (ii) purchase securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate and (iii) hold and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as a holder of securities which are secured by real estate or interests therein;
3. Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may to the extent consistent with its investment objective: (i) invest in securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or which invest in such programs, (ii) purchase and sell options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and (iii) enter into swap contracts and other financial transactions relating to commodities. This limitation does not apply to foreign currency transactions including without limitation forward currency contracts;
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4. Purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that: (i) there is no limitation with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, any state or territory of the United States or any of their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and (ii) notwithstanding this limitation or any other fundamental investment limitation, assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief;
5. Make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief;
6. Borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief; and
7. Purchase securities (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities) of any one issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets will be invested in the securities of such issuer or it would own more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, except that: (i) up to 25% of its total assets may be invested without regard to these limitations and (ii) the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of one or more management investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any applicable exemptive relief.
In addition to the above listed fundamental investment policies, the Fund:
8. Will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of its total assets in tax-exempt bonds.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
The Fund may not:
1. Purchase securities on margin, but it may receive short-term credit to clear securities transactions and may make initial or maintenance margin deposits in connection with futures transactions.
2. Have a short securities position, unless the Fund owns, or owns rights (exercisable without payment) to acquire, an equal amount of such securities.
3. Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid assets.
4. Purchase securities of other investment companies except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief. If shares of the Fund are purchased by another fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, for so long as shares of the Fund are held by such fund, the Fund will not purchase securities of a registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act.
“Illiquid Securities” is defined in accordance with the SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is a security which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the security.
Permissible Investments and Related Risks
The Fund’s prospectuses identify and summarize the individual types of securities in which the Fund invests as part of its principal investment strategies and the principal risks associated with such investments.
The table below identifies for the Fund certain types of securities in which it is permitted to invest, including certain types of securities that are described in the Fund’s prospectuses. The Fund generally has the ability to invest 10% or more of its total assets in each type of security described in its prospectuses (and in each sub-category of such security type described in this SAI). To the extent that a type of security identified below is not described in the Fund’s prospectuses (or as a sub-category of such security type in this SAI), the Fund generally invests less than 10% of the Fund’s total assets in such security type.
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Information about individual types of securities (including certain of their associated risks) in which the Fund may invest is set forth below. The Fund’s investment in these types of securities is subject to its investment objective and fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies.
Temporary Defensive Positions. The Fund may temporarily invest in money market instruments or hold cash. It may do so without limit, when the Advisor: (i) believes that the market conditions are not favorable for profitable investing; (ii) is unable to locate favorable investment opportunities or (iii) determines that a temporary defensive position is advisable or necessary in order to meet anticipated redemption requests, or for other reasons. While the Fund engages in such strategies, it may not achieve its investment objective.
See also About the Fund’s Investments — Permissible Investments and Related Risks — Money Market Instruments.
Permissible Fund Investments
Investment Type | Tax-Exempt Fund | |
Asset-Backed Securities | ü | |
Bank Obligations (Domestic and Foreign) | ü | |
Common Stock | ü | |
Convertible Securities | ü | |
Corporate Debt Securities | ü | |
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates | ü | |
Derivatives | ü | |
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products) | ü | |
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts | ü | |
Stock Options and Stock Index Options | ü | |
Swap Agreements | ü | |
Dollar Rolls | ü | |
Foreign Currency Transactions | ü | |
Foreign Securities | ü | |
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Agreements) | ü | |
Illiquid Securities | ü | |
Investments in Other Investment Companies | ü | |
Low and Below Investment Grade Securities | ü | |
Money Market Instruments | ü | |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | ü | |
Municipal Securities | ü | |
Participation Interests | ü | |
Preferred Stock | ü | |
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities | ü | |
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships | ü | |
Repurchase Agreements | ü | |
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ü | |
Standby Commitments | ü | |
Stripped Securities | ü | |
U.S. Government and Related Obligations | ü | |
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations | ü | |
Warrants and Rights | ü | |
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions | ü | |
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities | ü |
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Asset-Backed Securities
Asset-backed securities represent interests in, or debt instruments that are backed by, pools of various types of assets that generate cash payments generally over fixed periods of time. Such securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying assets (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying assets effectively pass through to such security holders. Asset-backed securities typically are created by an originator of loans or owner of accounts receivable that sells such underlying assets to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying assets, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Asset-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in asset-backed securities is subject to certain risks. For example, the value of asset-backed securities may be affected by, among other factors, changes in: interest rates, the market’s assessment of the quality of underlying assets, the creditworthiness of the servicer for the underlying assets, information concerning the originator of the underlying assets, or the creditworthiness or rating of the entities that provide any supporting letters of credit, surety bonds, derivative instruments, or other credit enhancement. The value of asset-backed securities also will be affected by the exhaustion, termination or expiration of any credit enhancement.
Declining or low interest rates may lead to a more rapid rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in accelerated payments on asset-backed securities that then would be reinvested at a lesser rate of interest. Rising or high interest rates tend to lead to a slower rate of repayment on the underlying assets, resulting in slower than expected payments on asset-backed securities that can, in turn, lead to a decline in value. The impact of changing interest rates on the value of asset-backed securities may be difficult to predict and result in greater volatility. Holders of asset-backed securities generally have no recourse against the originator of the underlying assets in the event of a default on the underlying assets. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of asset-backed securities, backed by pools of receivables such as mortgage loans, may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or an underlying obligor has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for asset-backed securities that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of an asset-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be.
Bank Obligations (Domestic and Foreign)
Bank obligations include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, time deposits and promissory notes that earn a specified rate of return and may be issued by (i) a domestic branch of a domestic bank, (ii) a foreign branch of a domestic bank, (iii) a domestic branch of a foreign bank or (iv) a foreign branch of a foreign bank. Bank obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
Certificates of deposit, or so-called CDs, typically are interest-bearing debt instruments issued by banks and have maturities ranging from a few weeks to several years. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on and accepted by banks, are a customary means of effecting payment for merchandise sold in import-export transactions and are a general source of financing. Yankee dollar certificates of deposit are negotiable CDs issued in the United States by branches and agencies of foreign banks. Eurodollar certificates of deposit are CDs issued by foreign (mainly European) banks with interest and principal paid in U.S. dollars. Such CDs typically have maturities of less than two years and have interest rates that typically are pegged to the London Interbank Offered
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Rate or LIBOR. A time deposit can be either a savings account or CD that is an obligation of a financial institution for a fixed term. Typically, there are penalties for early withdrawals of time deposits. Promissory notes are written commitments of the maker to pay the payee a specified sum of money either on demand or at a fixed or determinable future date, with or without interest.
Bank investment contracts are issued by banks. Pursuant to such contracts, the Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of a bank. The bank then credits to the Fund payments at floating or fixed interest rates. The Fund also may hold funds on deposit with its custodian for temporary purposes.
Investing in bank obligations is subject to certain risks. Certain bank obligations, such as some CDs, are insured by the FDIC up to certain specified limits. Many other bank obligations, however, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the FDIC or the U.S. Government. These bank obligations are “backed” only by the creditworthiness of the issuing bank or parent financial institution. Domestic and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulation. Accordingly, certain obligations of foreign banks, including Eurodollar and Yankee dollar obligations, involve different investment risks than those affecting obligations of domestic banks, including, among others, the possibilities that: (i) their liquidity could be impaired because of political or economic developments; (ii) the obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of domestic banks; (iii) a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding and other taxes at high levels on interest income; (iv) foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized; (v) foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be imposed, which could adversely affect the payment of principal or interest on those obligations; (vi) there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks issuing the obligations; and (vii) the reserve requirements and accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to domestic banks. Foreign banks generally are not subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.
Common Stock
Common stock represents a unit of equity ownership of a corporation. Owners typically are entitled to vote on the selection of directors and other important corporate governance matters, and to receive dividend payments, if any, on their holdings. However, ownership of common stock does not entitle owners to participate in the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Common stocks of domestic and foreign public corporations can be listed, and their shares traded, on domestic stock exchanges, such as the NYSE or the NASDAQ Stock Market. Domestic and foreign corporations also may have their shares traded on foreign exchanges, such as the London Stock Exchange or Tokyo Stock Exchange. Common stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in common stocks is subject to certain risks. Stock market risk, for example, is the risk that the value of such stocks, like the broader stock markets, may decline over short or even extended periods of time, perhaps substantially or unexpectedly. Domestic and foreign stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods when stock prices generally rise and periods when stock prices generally decline. The value of individual stocks will rise and fall based on factors specific to each company, such as changes in earnings or management, as well as general economic and market factors.
If a corporation is liquidated, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and owners of debt securities and “preferred” stock take priority over the claims of those who own common stock.
Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to the particular type of company issuing the common stock. For example, stocks of smaller companies tend to have greater price swings than stocks of larger companies because, among other things, they trade less frequently and in lower volumes, are more susceptible to changes in economic conditions, may be more reliant on singular products or services and are more vulnerable to larger competitors. Common stocks of these types of companies may have a higher potential for gains, but also may be subject to greater risk of loss.
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Investing in common stocks also poses risks applicable to a particular industry, such as technology, financial services, consumer goods or natural resources (e.g., oil and gas). To some extent, the prices of common stocks tend to move by industry sector. When market conditions favorably affect, or are expected favorably to affect, an industry, the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry tend to rise. Conversely, negative news or a poor outlook for a particular industry can cause the share prices of the common stocks of companies in that industry to decline quickly.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of the underlying common stock (or cash or securities of equivalent value) at a stated exchange ratio or predetermined price (the conversion price). As such, convertible securities combine the investment characteristics of debt securities and equity securities. A holder of convertible securities is entitled to receive the income of a bond, debenture or note or the dividend of a preferred stock until the conversion privilege is exercised. The market value of convertible securities generally is a function of, among other factors, interest rates, the rates of return of similar nonconvertible securities and the financial strength of the issuer. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, conversely, to rise as interest rates decline. However, a convertible security’s market value tends to reflect the market price of the common stock of the issuing company when that stock price approaches or is greater than its conversion price. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the price of the convertible security tends to be influenced more by the rate of return of the convertible security. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence their value, convertible securities generally are not as sensitive to changes in interest rates as similar debt securities nor generally are they as sensitive to changes in share price as their underlying common stock. Convertible securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in convertible securities is subject to certain risks. Certain convertible securities, particularly securities that are convertible into securities of an issuer other than the issuer of the convertible security, may be illiquid and, therefore, may be more difficult to resell in a timely fashion or for a fair price, which could result in investment losses. Certain convertible securities may have a mandatory conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock or other equity securities (of the same or a different issuer) at a specified date and a specified exchange ratio. Certain convertible securities may be convertible at the option of the issuer, which may require a holder to convert the security into the underlying common stock, even at times when the value of the underlying common stock or other equity security has declined substantially.
In addition, some convertible securities may be rated below investment grade or may not be rated and, therefore, may be considered speculative investments. Companies that issue convertible securities frequently are small- and mid-capitalization companies and, accordingly, carry the risks associated with such companies. In addition, the credit rating of a company’s convertible securities generally is lower than that of its conventional debt securities. Convertible securities are senior to equity securities and have a claim to the assets of an issuer prior to the holders of the issuer’s common stock in the event of liquidation but generally are subordinate to similar non-convertible debt securities of the same issuer. Some convertible securities are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their predetermined conversion price is much higher than the price for the issuing company’s common stock.
Corporate Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities are fixed income securities typically issued by businesses to finance their operations. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most common types of corporate debt securities, with the primary difference being their interest rates, maturity dates and secured or unsecured status.
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Commercial paper has the shortest term and usually is unsecured. The broad category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small-, mid- and large-capitalizations. The category also includes bank loans, as well as assignments, participations and other interests in bank loans. Corporate debt securities may be rated investment grade or below investment grade and may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Extendible commercial notes (ECNs) are very similar to commercial paper except that with ECNs, the issuer has the option to extend the notes’ maturity. ECNs are issued at a discount rate, with an initial redemption of not more than 90 days from the date of issue. If ECNs are not redeemed by the issuer on the initial redemption date, the issuer will pay a premium (step-up) rate based on the ECN’s credit rating at the time.
Because of the wide range of types and maturities of corporate debt securities, as well as the range of creditworthiness of issuers, corporate debt securities can have widely varying risk/return profiles. For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation that is rated by an NRSRO as investment grade may have a relatively modest return on principal but present relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued, for example, by a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that has not been rated by an NRSRO may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal but carries a relatively high degree of risk.
Investing in corporate debt securities is subject to certain risks including, among others, credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it becomes due. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment grade by an NRSRO generally are considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities. The credit risk of a particular issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than and, therefore, may be paid in full before, lower ranking (subordinated) securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of higher-ranking senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of more junior securities. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of certain corporate debt securities will tend to fall when interest rates rise. In general, corporate debt securities with longer terms tend to fall more in value when interest rates rise than do corporate debt securities with shorter terms.
Custody Receipts and Trust Certificates
Custody receipts and trust certificates are derivative products that evidence direct ownership in a pool of securities. Typically, a sponsor will deposit a pool of securities with a custodian in exchange for custody receipts evidencing interests in those securities. The sponsor generally then will sell the custody receipts or trust certificates in negotiated transactions at varying prices. Each custody receipt or trust certificate evidences the individual securities in the pool and the holder of a custody receipt or trust certificate generally will have all the rights and privileges of owners of those securities.
Investing in custody receipts and trust certificates is subject to certain risks. Custody receipts and trust certificates generally are subject to the same risks as the securities evidenced by the receipts or certificates. Custody receipts and trust certificates also may be less liquid than the underlying securities.
Derivatives
General
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are based on (or “derived” from) traditional securities (such as a stock or a bond), assets (such as a commodity, like gold), reference rates (such as LIBOR) or market
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indices (such as the S&P 500® Index). Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indices, are traded on regulated exchanges. These types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market values are determined and published daily. Non-standardized derivatives, on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex, and may be harder to value. Derivatives afford leverage and, when used properly, can enhance returns and be useful in hedging portfolios. Some common types of derivatives include futures; options; options on futures; forward foreign currency exchange contracts; forward contracts on securities and securities indices; linked securities and structured products; CMOs; stripped securities; warrants; swap agreements and swaptions.
The Fund may use derivatives for a variety of reasons, including, for example: (i) to enhance its return; (ii) to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held in or to be purchased for its portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations (i.e., to hedge); (iii) to protect its unrealized gains reflected in the value of its portfolio securities; (iv) to facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes; (v) to reduce transaction costs; and/or (vi) to manage the effective maturity or duration of its portfolio.
The Fund’s use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives. These risks are heightened when the Fund uses derivatives to enhance its return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge or offset the risk of a position or security held by the Fund. There is also a risk that the derivative will not correlate well with the security for which it is substituting. The Fund’s use of derivatives to leverage risk also may exaggerate a loss, potentially causing the Fund to lose more money than if it had invested in the underlying security, or limit a potential gain.
The success of management’s derivative strategies will depend on its ability to assess and predict the impact of market or economic developments on the underlying security, asset, index or reference rate and the derivative itself, without necessarily the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. Other risks arise from the Fund’s potential inability to terminate or sell its derivative positions as a liquid secondary market for such positions may not exist at times when the Fund may wish to terminate or sell them. Over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may be illiquid. Derivatives traded in the over-the-counter market are subject to the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations. Also, with some derivative strategies there is the risk that the Fund may not be able to find a suitable derivative transaction counterparty, and thus may be unable to invest in derivatives altogether. The use of derivatives may also increase the amount and accelerate the timing of taxes payable by shareholders.
The Fund may use any or all of the above investment techniques and may purchase different types of derivative instruments at any time and in any combination. There is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique over another, as the use of derivatives is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions.
Index or Linked Securities (Structured Products)
General. Indexed or linked securities, also often referred to as “structured products,” are instruments that may have varying combinations of equity and debt characteristics. These instruments are structured to recast the investment characteristics of the underlying security or reference asset. If the issuer is a unit investment trust or other special purpose vehicle, the structuring will typically involve the deposit with or purchase by such issuer of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or securities) and/or the execution of various derivative transactions, and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured securities) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment
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characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments.
Indexed and Inverse Floating Rate Securities. The Fund may invest in securities that provide a potential return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. For example, the Fund may invest in securities that pay interest based on an index of interest rates. The principal amount payable upon maturity of certain securities also may be based on the value of the index. To the extent the Fund invests in these types of securities, the Fund’s return on such securities will rise and fall with the value of the particular index: that is, if the value of the index falls, the value of the indexed securities owned by the Fund will fall. Interest and principal payable on certain securities may also be based on relative changes among particular indices.
The Fund may also invest in so-called “inverse floaters” or “residual interest bonds” on which the interest rates vary inversely with a floating rate (which may be reset periodically by a dutch auction, a remarketing agent, or by reference to a short-term tax-exempt interest rate index). The Fund may purchase synthetically-created inverse floating rate bonds evidenced by custodial or trust receipts. Generally, income on inverse floating rate bonds will decrease when interest rates increase, and will increase when interest rates decrease. Such securities have the effect of providing a degree of investment leverage, since they may increase or decrease in value in response to changes, as an illustration, in market interest rates at a rate that is a multiple of the rate at which fixed-rate securities increase or decrease in response to such changes. As a result, the market values of such securities will generally be more volatile than the market values of fixed-rate securities. To seek to limit the volatility of these securities, the Fund may purchase inverse floating obligations that have shorter-term maturities or that contain limitations on the extent to which the interest rate may vary. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid. The Fund may invest in indexed and inverse securities for hedging purposes or to seek to increase returns. When used for hedging purposes, indexed and inverse securities involve correlation risk. Furthermore, where such a security includes a contingent liability, in the event of an adverse movement in the underlying index or interest rate, the Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain the position.
Credit Linked Securities. Among the income producing securities in which the Fund may invest are credit linked securities. The issuers of these securities frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles that, in turn, invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain fixed income markets. For instance, the Fund may invest in credit linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to a certain market and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available.
Like an investment in a bond, investments in these credit linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on or linked to the issuer’s receipt of payments from, and the issuer’s potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the issuer invests. For instance, the issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the issuer would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and/or principal that the Fund would receive. The Fund’s investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. These securities generally are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.
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Index-, Commodity-, Currency- and Equity-Linked Securities. “Index-linked” or “commodity-linked” notes are debt securities of companies that call for interest payments and/or payment at maturity in different terms than the typical note where the borrower agrees to make fixed interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Principal and/or interest payments on an index-linked or commodity-linked note depend on the performance of one or more market indices, such as the S&P 500® Index, a weighted index of commodity futures such as crude oil, gasoline and natural gas or the market prices of a particular commodity or basket of commodities. Equity- linked securities are short-term or intermediate term instruments having a value at maturity and/or interest rate determined by reference to the market prices of one or more equity securities. At maturity, the principal amount of an equity-linked debt security is often exchanged for common stock of the issuer or is payable in an amount based on the issuer’s common stock price at the time of maturity. Currency-linked debt securities are short-term or intermediate-term instruments having a value at maturity, and/or an interest rate, determined by reference to one or more foreign currencies. Payment of principal or periodic interest may be calculated as a multiple of the movement of one currency against another currency, or against an index.
Index, commodity, currency and equity-linked securities may entail substantial risks. Such instruments may be subject to significant price volatility. The company issuing the instrument may fail to pay the amount due on maturity. The underlying investment or security may not perform as expected by the Advisor. Markets, underlying securities and indexes may move in a direction that was not anticipated by the Advisor. Performance of the derivatives may be influenced by interest rate and other market changes in the United States and abroad, and certain derivative instruments may be illiquid.
Linked securities are often issued by unit investment trusts. Examples of this include such index-linked securities as S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), which is an interest in a unit investment trust holding a portfolio of securities linked to the S&P 500® Index, and a type of exchange-traded fund (ETF). Because a unit investment trust is an investment company under the 1940 Act, the Fund’s investments in SPDRs are subject to the limitations set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act. SPDRs closely track the underlying portfolio of securities, trade like a share of common stock and pay periodic dividends proportionate to those paid by the portfolio of stocks that comprise the S&P 500® Index. As a holder of interests in a unit investment trust, the Fund would indirectly bear its ratable share of that unit investment trust’s expenses. At the same time, the Fund would continue to pay its own management and advisory fees and other expenses, as a result of which the Fund and its shareholders in effect would be absorbing levels of fees with respect to investments in such unit investment trusts.
Equity-linked securities include issues such as Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Stock (STRYPES), Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES), Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES), and Trust Enhanced Dividend Securities (TRENDS). The issuers of these equity-linked securities generally purchase and hold a portfolio of stripped U.S. Treasury securities maturing on a quarterly basis through the conversion date, and a forward purchase contract with an existing shareholder of the company relating to the common stock. Quarterly distributions on such equity-linked securities generally consist of the cash received from the U.S. Treasury securities and such equity-linked securities generally are not entitled to any dividends that may be declared on the common stock.
Investing in structured products and linked securities is subject to certain risks. Because structured products typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured products may be structured as a class that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured products typically have higher rates of return and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured products. Structured products sometimes are sold in private placement transactions and often have a limited trading market.
Investments in “linked” securities have the potential to lead to significant losses because of unexpected movements in the underlying financial asset, index, currency or other investment. The ability of the Fund to utilize linked-securities successfully will depend on its ability correctly to predict pertinent market movements,
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which cannot be assured. Because currency-linked securities usually relate to foreign currencies, some of which may be currencies from emerging market countries, there are certain additional risks associated with such investments.
SPDRs are subject to the risks of an investment in a broadly based portfolio of common stocks, including the risk that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of such investment. In addition, because individual investments in SPDRs are not redeemable, except upon termination of the unit investment trust, the liquidity of small holdings of SPDRs will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Large holdings of SPDRs are called “creation unit size” and are redeemable in-kind only and are not redeemable for cash from the unit investment trust. The price of a SPDR is derived from and based upon the securities held by the unit investment trust. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a SPDR is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for SPDRs is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying SPDRs purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on SPDRs.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
Futures Contracts. A futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. A futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of security or other asset called for in the contract at a specified delivery time for a stated price. The specific security or other asset delivered or taken at the settlement date is not determined until on or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract was made. The Fund may enter into futures contracts which are traded on national or foreign futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying security or other asset. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), a U.S. Government agency.
Traders in futures contracts may be broadly classified as either “hedgers” or “speculators.” Hedgers use the futures markets primarily to offset unfavorable changes (anticipated or potential) in the value of securities or other assets currently owned or expected to be acquired by them. Speculators less often own the securities or other assets underlying the futures contracts which they trade, and generally use futures contracts with the expectation of realizing profits from fluctuations in the value of the underlying securities or other assets. Pursuant to a notice of eligibility claiming exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator filed with the CFTC and the National Futures Association on behalf of the Fund, neither the Trust nor the individual Fund is deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA, and, accordingly, they are not subject to registration or regulation as such under the CEA.
Upon entering into futures contracts, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities, equal in value to the amount of the Fund’s obligation under the contract (less any applicable margin deposits and any assets that constitute “cover” for such obligation), will be segregated with the Fund’s custodian.
Unlike when the Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract, although the Fund is required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash and/or U.S. Government securities in order to initiate and maintain open positions in futures contracts. This amount is known as “initial margin.” The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions, in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by the Fund to finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit intended to assure completion of the contract (delivery or acceptance of the underlying security or other asset) that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the relevant futures exchange and may be changed. Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange minimums. Futures contracts are customarily purchased
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and sold on margin which may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded. Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker (or the custodian) are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or other asset fluctuates, a process known as “marking to market.” If the futures contract price changes to the extent that the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of additional variation margin will be required. Conversely, a change in the contract value may reduce the required margin, resulting in a repayment of excess margin to the contract holder. Variation margin payments are made for as long as the contract remains open. The Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
Although futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities or other assets (stock index futures contracts or futures contracts that reference other intangible assets do not permit delivery of the referenced assets), the contracts usually are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. The Fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The purpose of taking such action would be to reduce or eliminate the position then currently held by the Fund. Closing out an open futures position is done by taking an opposite position (“buying” a contract which has previously been “sold,” “selling” a contract previously “purchased”) in an identical contract (i.e., the same aggregate amount of the specific type of security or other asset with the same delivery date) to terminate the position. Final determinations are made as to whether the price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds or is below the price of the offsetting purchase, or whether the purchase price exceeds or is below the offsetting sale price. Final determinations of variation margin are then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a loss or a gain. Brokerage commissions are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold.
Successful use of futures contracts by the Fund is subject to the Advisor’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors affecting securities and commodities markets. This requires different skills and techniques than those required to predict changes in the prices of individual securities. The Fund, therefore, bears the risk that future market trends will be incorrectly predicted.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts in some strategies can be substantial, due both to the relatively low margin deposits required and the potential for an extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures contracts. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount posted as initial margin for the contract.
In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments in order to maintain its required margin. In such a situation, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities in order to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close the futures position also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge effectively.
To reduce or eliminate a hedge position held by the Fund, the Fund may seek to close out a position. The ability to establish and close out positions will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular futures contract, which may limit the Fund’s ability to realize its profits or limit its losses. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions, closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of contracts, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess
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of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of contracts (or a particular class or series of contracts), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of contracts) would cease to exist, although outstanding contracts on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Interest Rate Futures Contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have tended to move generally in the aggregate in concert with the cash market prices and have maintained fairly predictable relationships. Accordingly, the Fund may use interest rate futures contracts as a defense, or hedge, against anticipated interest rate changes. The Fund presently could accomplish a similar result to that which it hopes to achieve through the use of interest rate futures contracts by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase, or conversely, selling bonds with short maturities and investing in bonds with long maturities when interest rates are expected to decline. However, because of the liquidity that is often available in the futures market, the protection is more likely to be achieved, perhaps at a lower cost and without changing the rate of interest being earned by the Fund, through using futures contracts.
Interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction environment on the floors of several exchanges — principally, the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Futures Exchange. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. A public market exists in futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes; GNMA modified pass-through mortgage backed securities; three-month U.S. Treasury Bills; and ninety-day commercial paper. The Fund may also invest in exchange-traded Eurodollar contracts, which are interest rate futures on the forward level of LIBOR. These contracts are generally considered liquid securities and trade on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Such Eurodollar contracts are generally used to “lock-in” or hedge the future level of short-term rates. The Fund may trade in any interest rate futures contracts for which there exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments.
Index Futures Contracts. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a contract to buy units of an index is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the index. A unit is the current value of the index. The Fund may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its objective(s).
There are several risks in connection with the use by the Fund of index futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Advisor will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of the Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged.
Municipal Bond Index Futures Contracts. Municipal bond index futures contracts may act as a hedge against changes in market conditions. A municipal bond index assigns values daily to the municipal bonds included in the index based on the independent assessment of dealer-to-dealer municipal bond brokers. A municipal bond index futures contract represents a firm commitment by which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount equal to a specified dollar amount multiplied by the difference between the municipal
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bond index value on the last trading date of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made.
Options on Futures Contracts. The Fund may purchase and write call and put options on those futures contracts that it is permitted to buy or sell. The Fund may use such options on futures contracts in lieu of writing options directly on the underlying securities or other assets or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. Such options generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing purchase transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that such closing purchase transactions can be effected.
The Fund will enter into written options on futures contracts only when, in compliance with the SEC’s requirements, cash or liquid securities equal in value to the underlying security’s or other asset’s value (less any applicable margin deposits) have been deposited in a segregated account. The Fund will be required to deposit initial margin and maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers’ requirements similar to those described above.
Investments in futures options involve some of the same risks that are involved in connection with investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased. There may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the Fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the hedged investments. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs).
Successful use of index futures by the Fund is also subject to the Advisor’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. It is possible that, for example, where the Fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the index on which the futures are written may advance and the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in the value of its portfolio securities, as the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in futures or put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Fund. Inasmuch as the Fund’s securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move to the same extent as do the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held in its portfolio and securities prices increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased values of those securities that it has hedged, because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements.
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the index futures and the securities of the portfolio being hedged, the prices of index futures may not correlate perfectly with movements in the underlying index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures markets are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than
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meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which would distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result, the futures market may attract more speculators than the securities market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market, and also because of the imperfect correlation between movements in an index and movements in the prices of index futures, even a correct forecast of general market trends by the Advisor may still not result in a successful hedging transaction.
There is also the risk of loss by the Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in a futures contract or related option. Most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in some contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and, therefore, does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Options on Index Futures Contracts. The Fund may also purchase and sell options on index futures contracts. Options on index futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in an index futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the index futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the index future. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to the expiration date of the option, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing level of the index on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
There are various risks in connection with the use by the Fund of index futures as a hedging device. For example, a risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject of the hedges. The Advisor will attempt to reduce this risk by selling, to the extent possible, futures on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of the Fund’s portfolio securities sought to be hedged; there can be no assurance that the Advisor will be successful in doing so.
Use by Tax-Exempt Funds of Interest Rate and U.S. Treasury Security Futures Contracts and Options. If the Fund invests in tax-exempt securities, it may purchase and sell futures contracts and related options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities when, in the opinion of the Advisor, price movements in these security futures and related options will correlate closely with price movements in the tax-exempt securities which are the subject of the hedge. Interest rate and U.S. Treasury securities futures contracts require the seller to deliver, or the purchaser to take delivery of, the type of security called for in the contract at a specified date and price. Options on interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option.
In addition to the risks generally involved in using futures contracts, there is also a risk that price movements in interest rate and U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and related options will not correlate closely with price movements in markets for tax-exempt securities.
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Stock Options and Stock Index Options
The Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular stocks or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks.
There is a key difference between stock options and stock index options in connection with their exercise. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the securities included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the S&P 500® Index or a narrower market index, such as the S&P 100 Index. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment.
The successful use of the Fund’s options strategies depends on the ability of the Advisor to forecast interest rate and market movements correctly. When it purchases an option, the Fund runs the risk that it will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the Fund exercises the option or enters into a closing sale transaction for such option during the life of the option. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, the Fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This contrasts with an investment by the Fund in the underlying securities, since the Fund may continue to hold its investment in those securities notwithstanding the lack of a change in price of those securities.
The effective use of options also depends on the Fund’s ability to terminate option positions at times when the Advisor deems it desirable to do so. Although the Fund will take an option position only if the Advisor believes there is a liquid secondary market for the option, there is no assurance that the Fund will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price.
If a secondary trading market in options were to become unavailable, the Fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. The writer in such circumstances would be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period. If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a loss equal to the premium paid. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances, such as volume in excess of trading or clearing capability, may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on the options. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is normally halted as well. As a result, the Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be unable to close out its positions until options trading resumes, and it may be faced with losses if trading in the security reopens at a
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substantially different price. In addition, the OCC or other options markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on exercise is imposed at a time when trading in the option has also been halted, the Fund as purchaser or writer of an option will be locked into its position until one of the two restrictions has been lifted. If a prohibition on exercise remains in effect until an option owned by the Fund has expired, the Fund could lose the entire value of its option.
Special risks are presented by internationally traded options. Because of time differences between the United States and various foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in different countries, foreign options markets may be open for trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of the underlying interest in the United States.
Dealer (Over-the-Counter) Options. Dealer options are options negotiated individually through dealers rather than traded on an exchange. Certain risks are specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund purchases a dealer option it must rely on the selling dealer to perform if the Fund exercises the option. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction. Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options more often may not. Consequently, the Fund can realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the issuing dealer. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer option, the Fund can close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer. While each Fund seeks to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and can enter into closing transactions with the Fund, no assurance exists that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, can effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets that it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
The Fund generally will treat purchased dealer options as illiquid securities. The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Writing Covered Options. The Fund may write covered call options and covered put options on securities held in its portfolio when, in the opinion of the Advisor, such transactions are consistent with the Fund’s investment goal and policies. Call options written by the Fund give the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from the Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price; put options give the purchaser the right to sell the underlying securities to the Fund at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the security’s market price.
The Fund may write only covered options, which means that, so long as the Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of securities exchanges). In the case of put options, the Fund will hold cash and/or high-grade short-term debt obligations equal to the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition, the Fund will be considered to have covered a put or call option if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or all of the risk of the option it has written. The Fund may write combinations of covered puts and calls (straddles) on the same underlying security.
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The Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases the Fund’s return on the underlying security if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other things, the relationship between the exercise price and the current market value of the underlying security, the volatility of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and demand in the options market and in the market for the underlying security. By writing a call option, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than the security’s then-current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value.
The Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an offsetting option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The Fund realizes a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or more than the premium received from writing the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option generally reflect increases in the market price of the security underlying the option, any loss resulting from a closing purchase transaction may be offset in whole or in part by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security.
If the Fund writes a call option but does not own the underlying security, and when it writes a put option, the Fund may be required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as “margin” or collateral for its obligation to buy or sell the underlying security. As the value of the underlying security varies, the Fund may also have to deposit additional margin with the broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently imposed by the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations.
Purchasing Put Options. The Fund may purchase put options to protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against a decline in market value. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the put option since the Fund, as holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying security’s market price. For a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from appreciation of the underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
Purchasing Call Options. The Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided during the life of the call option since the Fund, as holder of the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying security’s market price. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit the Fund might have realized had it bought the underlying security at the time it purchased the call option.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options. The Fund will enter into OTC options transactions only with primary dealers in U.S. Government securities and, in the case of OTC options written by a Fund, only pursuant to agreements that will assure that a Fund will at all times have the right to repurchase the option written by it from the dealer at a specified formula price. The Fund will treat the amount by which such formula price exceeds the
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amount, if any, by which the option may be “in-the-money” as an illiquid investment. It is the present policy of the Fund not to enter into any OTC option transaction if, as a result, more than 15% (10% in some cases, refer to the Fund’s prospectuses) of the Fund’s net assets would be invested in (i) illiquid investments (determined under the foregoing formula) relating to OTC options written by the Fund, (ii) OTC options purchased by the Fund, (iii) securities which are not readily marketable, and (iv) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days.
Index Options. As an alternative to purchasing call and put options on index futures, the Fund may purchase call and put options on the underlying indices themselves. Such options could be used in a manner identical to the use of options on index futures. Options involving securities indices provide the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option based on movements in the relevant index. Such options must be listed on a national securities exchange and issued by the OCC. Such options may relate to various stock indices, except that the Fund may not write covered options on an index.
Foreign Stock Index Options. The Fund may, for the purpose of hedging its portfolio, subject to applicable securities regulations, purchase and write put and call options on foreign stock indices listed on foreign and domestic stock exchanges.
Swap Agreements
Swap agreements are derivative instruments that can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates. The Fund may enter into a variety of swap agreements, including interest rate, index, commodity, equity, credit default and currency exchange rate swap agreements, and other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars and floors. The Fund also may enter into swaptions, which are options to enter into a swap agreement.
In a typical interest rate swap, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate times a “notional principal amount,” in return for payments equal to a fixed rate times the same amount, for a specified period of time. If a swap agreement provides for payments in different currencies, the parties might agree to exchange notional principal amount as well. In a total return swap agreement, the non-floating rate side of the swap is based on the total return of an individual security, a basket of securities, an index or another reference asset. Swaps may also depend on other prices or rates, such as the value of an index or mortgage prepayment rates.
In a typical cap or floor agreement, one party agrees to make payments only under specified circumstances, usually in return for payment of a fee by the other party. For example, the buyer of an interest rate cap obtains the right to receive payments to the extent that a specified interest rate exceeds an agreed-upon level, while the seller of an interest rate floor is obligated to make payments to the extent that a specified interest rate falls below an agreed-upon level. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options. A collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor.
Swap agreements will tend to shift the Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if the Fund agreed to pay fixed rates in exchange for floating rates while holding fixed-rate bonds, the swap would tend to decrease the Fund’s exposure to long-term interest rates. Another example is if the Fund agreed to exchange payments in dollars for payments in foreign currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease the Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on the Fund’s performance. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease
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the overall volatility of the Fund’s investments and its share price and yield. Additionally, whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Advisor’s ability correctly to predict whether certain types of investments likely are to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The most significant factor in the performance of swap agreements is the change in the specific interest rate, currency, or other factor that determines the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement likely would decline, potentially resulting in losses for the Fund. The Fund will closely monitor the credit of a swap agreement counterparty in order to attempt to minimize this risk. The Fund may also suffer losses if it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements (either by assignment or other disposition) or reduce its exposure through offsetting transactions (i.e., by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party).
Credit Default Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements, which may have as reference obligations one or more securities or a basket of securities that are or are not currently held by the Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to risks relating to the reference obligation, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. The Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements generally with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. A buyer generally will lose its investment and recover nothing if no credit event occurs and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller.
Equity Swaps. The Fund may engage in equity swaps. Equity swaps allow the parties to the swap agreement to exchange components of return on one equity investment (e.g., a basket of equity securities or an index) for a component of return on another non-equity or equity investment, including an exchange of differential rates of return. Equity swaps may be used to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances where direct investment may be restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impractical. Equity swaps also may be used for other purposes, such as hedging or seeking to increase total return.
The values of equity swaps can be very volatile. To the extent that the Advisor does not accurately analyze and predict the potential relative fluctuation on the components swapped with the other party, the Fund may suffer a loss. The value of some components of an equity swap (such as the dividend on a common stock) may also be sensitive to changes in interest rates. Furthermore, during the period a swap is outstanding, the Fund may suffer a loss if the counterparty defaults.
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Total Return Swap Agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Total return swap agreements are subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to the Fund thereunder, and conversely, that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, the Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted against one another with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each total return swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be segregated by the Fund. If the total return swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of the Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis, and the full amount of the Fund’s obligations will be segregated by the Fund in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the total return swap agreement or the amount it would have cost the Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount the Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the total return swap agreement.
Variance, Volatility and Correlation Swap Agreements. Variance and volatility swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the volatility of certain referenced assets. Correlation swaps are contracts that provide exposure to increases or decreases in the correlation between the prices of different assets or different market rates.
Dollar Rolls
Dollar rolls involve selling securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities or U.S. Treasury securities) and simultaneously entering into a commitment to purchase those or similar (same collateral type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future date and price. Mortgage dollar rolls and U.S. Treasury rolls are types of dollar rolls. The Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the securities during the “roll” period. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase of the securities as well as the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price or that the transaction costs may exceed the return earned by the Fund from the transaction. Dollar rolls also involve risk to the Fund if the other party should default on its obligation and the Fund is delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. In the event that the buyer of securities under a dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of proceeds of the dollar roll may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, the security to be delivered in the future may turn out to be inferior to the security sold upon entering into the transaction.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions may be used to protect, to some extent, against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates by establishing a fixed exchange rate. Foreign currency transactions may involve the purchase or sale of foreign currencies on a “spot” (cash) basis at the prevailing exchange rate or may involve “forward contracts” that allow the Fund to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date. Forward contracts may be used for “transaction hedging,” “position hedging” and “cross-hedging.” The Fund may use forward sale contracts to sell an amount of a foreign currency approximating the value of the Fund’s securities denominated in
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the foreign security when that foreign currency suffers a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar. The Fund may use forward purchase contracts to purchase a foreign currency when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against the foreign currency. Although these transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain that might be realized if the value of the hedged currency increases.
Transaction hedging may allow the Fund to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of a security it has agreed to purchase or sell, or the U.S. dollar equivalent of a dividend or interest rate payment in a foreign currency. The Fund may use transaction hedging to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is declared, and the date on which such payments are made or received.
Position hedging may allow the Fund to protect against an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the applicable foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated. The Fund may use position hedging when it is believed that the U.S. dollar may suffer a decline against the foreign currency by entering into a forward purchase contract to purchase that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.
Cross-hedging may allow the Fund to enter into a forward contract to sell a different foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount when it is believed that the U.S. dollar value of the currency to be sold pursuant to the forward contract will fall if there is a decline in the U.S. dollar value of the currency in which the Fund’s securities are denominated.
The Fund also may purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts. Options on foreign currencies and foreign currency contracts give the holder a right to buy or sell the underlying foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts for a specified period of time and for a specified amount. The value of an option on foreign currencies or foreign currency contracts reflects the value of an exchange rate, which depends on the relative values of the U.S. dollar and the relevant foreign currency.
Engaging in foreign currency transactions is subject to certain risks. For example, if the value of a foreign currency were to decline against the U.S. dollar, such decline would reduce the dollar value of any securities held by the Fund denominated in that currency. It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract, which may make it necessary for the Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market if the market value of the security being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver at the time the Fund sells the security being hedged. The value of any currency, including the U.S. dollar, may be affected by political and economic factors applicable to the issuer’s country. The exchange rates of currencies also may be affected adversely by governmental actions. Transaction, position and cross-hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of securities that the Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell and may limit the amount of potential gain that might result from the increase in value of the currency being hedged. Settlement procedures relating to the Fund’s foreign currency transactions may be more complex than those relating to investments in securities of U.S. issuers.
Foreign Securities
Foreign securities include debt, equity and derivative securities that the Advisor determines are “foreign” based on the consideration of an issuer’s domicile, its principal place of business, its primary stock exchange listing, the source of its revenue or other factors. Foreign securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
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Foreign securities may include depositary receipts, such as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs are U.S. dollar- denominated receipts issued in registered form by a domestic bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts issued in Europe, typically by foreign banks or trust companies and foreign branches of domestic banks, that evidence ownership of foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are receipts structured similarly to ADRs and EDRs and are marketed globally. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. In general, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. The Fund may invest in depositary receipts through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute interest-holder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities. The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be limited information available regarding such issuers and/or limited correlation between available information and the market value of the depositary receipts.
Investing in foreign securities is subject to certain risks. For example, foreign markets can be extremely volatile. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also may impact the value of foreign securities denominated in foreign currencies or U.S. dollars, without a change in the intrinsic value of those securities. Additionally, the U.S. dollar value of a foreign security tends to decrease when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated and tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency. The Fund may attempt to minimize the risk from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies by purchasing and selling forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. Foreign securities may be less liquid than domestic securities so that the Fund may, at times, be unable to sell foreign securities at desirable prices. Brokerage commissions, custodial fees and other fees also are generally higher for foreign securities. The Fund may have limited legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain debt securities issued by foreign governments. In addition, foreign governments may impose potentially confiscatory withholding or other taxes, which would reduce the Fund’s return on these securities. Other risks include: possible delays in the settlement of transactions or in the notification of income; generally less publicly available information about companies; adverse impact of political, social or diplomatic events; possible seizure, expropriation or nationalization of a company or its assets; possible imposition of currency exchange controls; and that foreign companies generally are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those mandated for domestic companies.
Risks associated with investments in foreign securities are increased with respect to investments in emerging market countries. Political and economic structures in many emerging market countries, especially those in Eastern Europe, the Pacific Basin and the Far East, are undergoing significant evolutionary changes and rapid development, and may lack the social, political and economic stability of more developed countries. Investing in emerging market securities also involves risks beyond the risks applicable to foreign investments. For example, some emerging market countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be traded internationally, and some countries with emerging securities markets have sustained long periods of very high inflation or rapid fluctuation in inflation rates which can have negative effects on a country’s economy and securities markets.
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Agreements)
Guaranteed investment contracts, or funding agreements, are debt instruments issued by insurance companies. Pursuant to such contracts, the Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund of the insurance
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company’s general account. The insurance company then credits to the Fund payments at negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. The Fund will purchase guaranteed investment contracts only from issuers that, at the time of purchase, meet certain credit and quality standards.
Investing in guaranteed investment contracts is subject to certain risks. In general, guaranteed investment contracts are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market does not exist for these investments. In addition, the issuer may not be able to pay the principal amount to the Fund on seven days notice or less, at which time the investment may be considered illiquid under applicable SEC regulatory guidance and subject to certain restrictions.
Illiquid Securities
Illiquid securities are defined by the Fund consistent with SEC staff’s current guidance and interpretations which provide that an illiquid security is an asset which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the investment on its books. Some securities, such as those not registered under U.S. securities laws, cannot be sold in public transactions. Subject to its investment policies, the Fund may invest in illiquid investments and may invest in certain restricted securities that are deemed to be illiquid securities.
Investments in Other Investment Companies
Investing in other investment companies may be a means by which the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective. The Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive orders currently or in the future obtained by the Fund from the SEC.
Except with respect to funds structured as funds-of-funds or so-called master/feeder funds, the 1940 Act generally requires that the Fund limit its investments in another investment company or series thereof so that, as determined at the time a securities purchase is made: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the securities of any one investment company; (ii) no more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of other investment companies; and (iii) no more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company or series thereof will be owned by the Fund or by companies controlled by the Fund. Such other investment companies may include exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which are shares of publicly traded unit investment trusts, open-end funds or depositary receipts that seek to track the performance of specific indexes or companies in related industries.
Investing in other investment companies is subject to certain risks. Although the Fund may derive certain advantages from being able to invest in shares of other investment companies, such as to be fully invested, there may be potential disadvantages. Investing in other investment companies may result in higher fees and expenses for the Fund and its shareholders. A shareholder may be charged fees not only on Fund shares held directly but also on the investment company shares that the Fund purchases.
In addition, investing in ETFs is subject to certain other risks. ETFs generally are subject to the same risks as the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track as well as to the risks of the specific sector or industry to which the ETF relates. ETFs also are subject to the risk that their prices may not totally correlate to the prices of the underlying securities the ETFs are designed to track and the risk of possible trading halts due to market conditions or for other reasons.
Under the 1940 Act and rules and regulations thereunder, the Fund may purchase shares of other affiliated Columbia Funds, including the Money Market Funds, subject to certain conditions. Investing in affiliated funds may present certain actual or potential conflicts of interest. For more information about such actual and potential conflicts of interest, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest.
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Low and Below Investment Grade Securities
Low and below investment grade securities (below investment grade securities are also known as “junk bonds”) are debt securities with the lowest investment grade rating (e.g., BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s), that are below investment grade (e.g., lower than BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moody’s) or that are unrated but determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These types of securities may be issued to fund corporate transactions or restructurings, such as leveraged buyouts, mergers, acquisitions, debt reclassifications or similar events, are more speculative in nature than securities with higher ratings and tend to be more sensitive to credit risk, particularly during a downturn in the economy. These types of securities generally are issued by unseasoned companies without long track records of sales and earnings, or by companies or municipalities that have questionable credit strength. Low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities: (i) likely will have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of one or more NRSROs, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions; (ii) are speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation; and (iii) may have a less liquid secondary market, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities. Low and below investment grade securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities is subject to certain risks. The rates of return on these types of securities generally are higher than the rates of return available on more highly rated securities, but generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of principal and income, including the possibility of default by or insolvency of the issuers of such securities. Accordingly, the Fund may be more dependent on the Advisor’s credit analysis with respect to these types of securities than is the case for more highly rated securities.
The market values of certain low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than are the market value of more highly rated securities. In addition, issuers of low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities often are highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired.
The risk of loss due to default is greater for low and below investment grade and comparable unrated securities than it is for higher rated securities because low and below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to more senior indebtedness. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its holdings of such securities. The existence of limited markets for lower-rated debt securities may diminish the Fund’s ability to: (i) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating portfolio net asset value; and (ii) sell the securities at fair market value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or in financial markets.
Many lower-rated securities are not registered for offer and sale to the public under the 1933 Act. Investments in these restricted securities may be determined to be liquid (able to be sold within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued by the Fund) pursuant to policies approved by the Fund’s Trustees. Investments in illiquid securities, including restricted securities that have not been determined to be liquid, may not exceed 15% of the Fund’s net assets. The Fund is not otherwise subject to any limitation on its ability to invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities may be less liquid than other lower-rated securities, potentially making it difficult to value or sell such securities.
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Money Market Instruments
Money market instruments are high-quality, short-term debt obligations, which include: (i) bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances; (ii) funding agreements; (iii) repurchase agreements; (iv) obligations of the United States, foreign countries and supranational entities, and each of their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities; (v) certain corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper, short-term corporate obligations and extendible commercial notes; (vi) participation interests; and (vii) municipal securities. Money market instruments may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Investing in money market instruments is subject to certain risks. Money market instruments (other than certain U.S. Government obligations) are not backed or insured by the U.S. Government, its agencies or its instrumentalities. Accordingly, only the creditworthiness of an issuer, or guarantees of that issuer, supports such instruments.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities are a type of asset-backed security and represent interests in, or debt instruments backed by, pools of underlying mortgages. In some cases, these underlying mortgages may be insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Mortgage-backed securities entitle the security holders to receive distributions that are tied to the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral (less fees paid to the originator, servicer, or other parties, and fees paid for credit enhancement), so that the payments made on the underlying mortgage collateral effectively pass through to such security holders. Mortgage-backed securities are created when mortgage originators (or mortgage loan sellers who have purchased mortgage loans from mortgage loan originators) sell the underlying mortgages to a special purpose entity in a process called a securitization. The special purpose entity issues securities that are backed by the payments on the underlying mortgage loans, and have a minimum denomination and specific term. Mortgage-backed securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued or guaranteed by GNMA (also known as Ginnie Mae), FNMA (also known as Fannie Mae), or FHLMC (also known as Freddie Mac), but also may be issued or guaranteed by other issuers, including private companies. GNMA is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Until recently, FNMA and FHLMC were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. In mid-2008, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to increase the size of home loans that FNMA and FHLMC could purchase in certain residential areas and, until 2009, to lend FNMA and FHLMC emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock. More recently, in September 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed in conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), a newly created independent regulator. In addition to placing the companies in conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury announced three additional steps that it intended to take with respect to FNMA and FHLMC. First, the U.S. Treasury has entered into “Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements” (PSPAs) under which, if the FHFA determines that FNMA’s or FHLMC’s liabilities have exceeded its assets under generally accepted accounting principles, the U.S. Treasury will contribute cash capital to the company in an amount equal to the difference between liabilities and assets.
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The PSPAs are designed to provide protection to the senior and subordinated debt and the mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC. Second, the U.S. Treasury established a new secured lending credit facility that is available to FNMA and FHLMC until December 2009. Third, the U.S. Treasury initiated a temporary program to purchase FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities, which is expected to continue until December 2009. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives discussed above with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC will be successful.
CMOs are debt obligations issued by special-purpose trusts, collateralized by underlying mortgage assets. Principal prepayments on underlying mortgage assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates, resulting in a loss of all or part of the premium if any has been paid. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a periodic basis. The principal and interest payments on the underlying mortgage assets may be allocated among the various classes of CMOs in several ways. Typically, payments of principal, including any prepayments, on the underlying mortgage assets are applied to the classes in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal is made on CMOs of a class until all CMOs of other classes having earlier stated maturities or final distribution dates have been paid in full.
REMICs are entities that own mortgages and elect REMIC status under the Code and, like CMOs, issue debt obligations collateralized by underlying mortgage assets that have characteristics similar to those issued by CMOs.
Investing in mortgage-backed securities is subject to certain risks, including, among others, prepayment, market and credit risks. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages more quickly than expected, which may affect the security’s average maturity and rate of return. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages also may be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions, among other factors. Market risk reflects the risk that the price of a security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities can be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, which in turn may decrease their value. Credit risk reflects the risk that a holder of mortgage-backed securities may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer, any credit enhancer and/or the underlying mortgage borrower has defaulted on its obligations. Credit risk is increased for mortgage-backed securities that are backed by mortgages to so-called subprime borrowers (who may pose a greater risk of defaulting on their loans) or that are subordinated to another security (i.e., if the holder of a mortgage-backed security is entitled to receive payments only after payment obligations to holders of the other security are satisfied). The more deeply subordinated the security, the greater the credit risk associated with the security will be. Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers, whether or not such obligations are subject to guarantees by the private issuer, may entail greater risk than mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government. The performance of mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers generally depends on the financial health of those institutions.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities include debt obligations issued by governmental entities to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses, and the extension of loans to public institutions and facilities. Municipal securities can be classified into two principal categories, including “general obligation” bonds and other securities and “revenue” bonds and other securities. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the
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proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source, such as the user of the facility being financed. Municipal securities also may include “moral obligation” securities, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation securities is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund, the restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the governmental entity that created the special purpose public authority. Municipal securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments — Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments — Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Municipal securities may include municipal bonds, municipal notes and municipal leases. Municipal bonds are debt obligations of a governmental entity that obligate the municipality to pay the holder a specified sum of money at specified intervals and to repay the principal amount of the loan at maturity.
Municipal notes may be issued by governmental entities and other tax-exempt issuers in order to finance short-term cash needs or, occasionally, to finance construction. Most municipal notes are general obligations of the issuing entity payable from taxes or designated revenues expected to be received within the relevant fiscal period. Municipal notes generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes can be subdivided into two sub-categories: (i) municipal commercial paper and (ii) municipal demand obligations.
Municipal commercial paper typically consists of very short-term unsecured negotiable promissory notes that are sold, for example, to meet seasonal working capital or interim construction financing needs of a governmental entity or agency. While these obligations are intended to be paid from general revenues or refinanced with long-term debt, they frequently are backed by letters of credit, lending agreements, note repurchase agreements or other credit facility agreements offered by banks or institutions.
Municipal demand obligations can be subdivided into two general types: variable rate demand notes and master demand obligations. Variable rate demand notes are tax-exempt municipal obligations or participation interests that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the notes. They permit the holder to demand payment of the notes, or to demand purchase of the notes at a purchase price equal to the unpaid principal balance, plus accrued interest either directly by the issuer or by drawing on a bank letter of credit or guaranty issued with respect to such note. The issuer of the municipal obligation may have a corresponding right to prepay at its discretion the outstanding principal of the note plus accrued interest upon notice comparable to that required for the holder to demand payment. The variable rate demand notes in which the Fund may invest are payable, or are subject to purchase, on demand usually on notice of seven calendar days or less. The terms of the notes generally provide that interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily to six months.
Master demand obligations are tax-exempt municipal obligations that provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid and permit daily changes in the amount borrowed. The interest on such obligations is, in the opinion of counsel for the borrower, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes (but not necessarily for alternative minimum tax purposes). Although there is no secondary market for master demand obligations, such obligations are considered by the Fund to be liquid because they are payable upon demand.
Municipal lease obligations are participations in privately arranged loans to state or local government borrowers. In general, such loans are unrated, in which case they will be determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments that may be acquired by the Fund. Frequently, privately arranged loans have variable interest rates and may be backed by a bank letter of credit. In other cases, they may be unsecured or may be secured by assets not easily liquidated. Moreover, such loans in most cases are not backed by the taxing authority of the issuers and may have limited marketability or may be marketable only by virtue of a provision requiring repayment following demand by the lender.
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Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipal issuer to which the government’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation ordinarily is backed by the government’s covenant to budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses that provide that the government has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a periodic basis. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, the Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default likely will be limited to the repossession of the leased property in the event that foreclosure proves difficult.
Tender option bonds are municipal securities having relatively long maturities and bearing interest at a fixed interest rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates that is coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a bank, broker/dealer or other financial institution, to grant the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. The financial institution receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal security’s coupon rate and the rate that would cause the security to trade at face value on the date of determination.
Investing in municipal securities is subject to certain risks. There are variations in the quality of municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, and the rates of return on municipal securities can depend on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. The ratings of NRSROs represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities. It should be emphasized, however, that these ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality, and municipal securities with the same maturity, interest rate, and rating may have different rates of return while municipal securities of the same maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same rate of return.
The payment of principal and interest on most municipal securities purchased by the Fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. An issuer’s obligations under its municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the United States Bankruptcy Code. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on and principal of its municipal securities may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
There are particular considerations and risks relevant to investing in a portfolio of a single state’s municipal securities, such as the greater risk of the concentration of portfolio holdings.
The Fund ordinarily purchases municipal securities whose interest, in the opinion of bond counsel, is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The opinion of bond counsel may assert that such interest is not an item of tax preference for the purposes of the alternative minimum tax or is exempt from certain state or local taxes. There is no assurance that the applicable taxing authorities will agree with this opinion. In the event, for example, that the IRS determines that an issuer does not comply with the relevant tax requirements, interest payments from a security could become federally taxable, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued. As a shareholder of the Fund, you may be required to file an amended tax return as a result, reporting such income as taxable.
Participation Interests
Participation interests (also called pass-through certificates or securities) represent an interest in a pool of debt obligations, such as municipal bonds or notes, that have been “packaged” by an intermediary, such as a bank or broker/dealer. Participation interests typically are issued by partnerships or trusts through which the Fund receives principal and interest payments that are passed through to the holder of the participation interest from the payments made on the underlying debt obligations. The purchaser of a participation interest receives an undivided interest in the underlying debt obligations. The issuers of the underlying debt obligations make interest
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and principal payments to the intermediary, as an initial purchaser, which are passed through to purchasers in the secondary market, such as the Fund. Mortgage-backed securities are a common type of participation interest. Participation interests may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations or as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities and may be privately place or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations, Permissible Fund Investments – Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities and Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Loan participations also are a type of participation interest. Loan participations are interests in loans that are administered by a lending bank or agent for a syndicate of lending banks and sold by the bank or syndicate members.
Investing in participation interests is subject to certain risks. Participation interests generally are subject to the credit risk associated with the underlying borrowers. If the underlying borrower defaults, the Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the borrower. The Fund also may be deemed a creditor of the lending bank or syndicate members and be subject to the risk that the lending bank or syndicate members may become insolvent.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock represents units of ownership of a corporation that frequently have dividends that are set at a specified rate. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. Preferred stock shares some of the characteristics of both debt and equity. Preferred stock ordinarily does not carry voting rights. Most preferred stock is cumulative; if dividends are passed (i.e., not paid for any reason), they accumulate and must be paid before common stock dividends. Participating preferred stock entitles its holders to share in profits above and beyond the declared dividend, along with common shareholders, as distinguished from nonparticipating preferred stock, which is limited to the stipulated dividend. Convertible preferred stock is exchangeable for a given number of shares of common stock and thus tends to be more volatile than nonconvertible preferred stock, which generally behaves more like a fixed income bond. Preferred stock may be privately placed or publicly offered. See Permissible Fund Investments – Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities for more information.
Auction preferred stock (APS) is a type of adjustable-rate preferred stock with a dividend determined periodically in a Dutch auction process by corporate bidders. Shares typically are bought and sold at face values generally ranging from $100,000 to $500,000 per share. The potential benefits of APS include:
• | Reduced interest rate risk: Because these securities generally reset within a short period of time, the exposure to interest rate risk is somewhat mitigated. |
• | Preservation of principal: The frequency of the dividend reset provisions makes APS an attractive cash management instrument. The auction reset mechanism generally assures that the shares will trade at par on the auction date. For those that reset frequently, the share price is not expected to fluctuate from par; however, the reset rate may reflect factors such as market conditions, demand and supply for a particular credit confidence in the issuer. |
• | Credit quality: Most corporate APS carry an investment grade credit rating from both Moody’s and S&P; municipal APS typically carry the highest credit rating from both Moody’s and S&P (Aaa/AAA). |
In addition to reinvestment risk if interest rates fall, some specific risks with regard to APS include:
• | Failed auction: Such a breakdown of the auction process is unlikely; however, in the event that the process fails, the rate is reset at the maximum applicable rate, which is usually described in the prospectuses and typically is influenced by the issuer’s credit rating. In a failed auction, current shareholders generally are unable to sell some, or all, of the shares when the auction is completed. |
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Typically, the liquidity for APS that have experienced a failed auction becomes very limited. If a failed auction were to occur, the shareholder may hold his or her shares until the next auction. Should there not be subsequent auctions that “cure” the failed process, the shareholder may: (1) hold the APS in anticipation of a refinancing by the issuer that would cause the APS to be called, or (2) hold securities either indefinitely or in anticipation of the development of a secondary market. |
• | Early call risk: Although unlikely, the preferred shares are redeemable at any time, at the issuer’s option, at par plus accrued dividends. |
Investing in preferred stock is subject to certain risks. For example, stock market risk is the risk that the value of such stocks, like the broader stock markets, may decline over short or even extended periods. Domestic and foreign stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods when prices generally rise and periods when prices generally decline. The value of individual stocks will rise and decline based on factors specific to each corporation, such as changes in earnings or management.
Investing in preferred stock also may involve the risks applicable to investing in a particular company. For example, stocks of smaller companies tend to have greater price fluctuations than stocks of larger companies because, among other things, they trade less frequently and in lower volumes, are more susceptible to changes in economic conditions, are more reliant on singular products or services and are more vulnerable to larger competitors. Stocks of these companies may have a higher potential for gains but also are subject to greater risk of loss.
Investing in preferred stock also may involve the risks applicable to investing in a particular industry, such as technology, financial services, consumer goods or natural resources (e.g., oil and gas). To some extent, the prices of stocks tend to move by industry sector. When market conditions favorably affect, or are expected to favorably affect, an industry, the prices of the stocks of companies in that industry tend to rise. Conversely, negative news or a poor outlook for a particular industry can cause the value of those companies’ stock to decline.
Private Placement and Other Restricted Securities
Private placement securities are securities that have been privately placed and are not registered under the 1933 Act. They are eligible for sale only to certain eligible investors. Private placements often may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market. Private placement and other “restricted” securities often cannot be sold to the public without registration under the 1933 Act or the availability of an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A), or they are “not readily marketable” because they are subject to other legal or contractual delays in or restrictions on resale. Asset-backed securities, common stock, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, money market instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, preferred stock and other types of equity and debt instruments may be privately placed or restricted securities.
Private placements typically may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers (or, in the case of the initial sale of certain securities, such as those issued in collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations, to accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501(a) under the 1933 Act), or in a privately negotiated transaction or to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration.
Investing in private placement and other restricted securities is subject to certain risks. Private placements may be considered illiquid securities. Private placements typically are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such securities, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the
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financial condition of the issuer, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when it may be advisable to do so or it may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times, it also may be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the Fund’s net asset value due to the absence of a trading market.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and Master Limited Partnerships
REITs are entities that either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans and also may include operating or finance companies. An equity REIT generally holds equity positions in real estate and seeks to provide its shareholders with income from the leasing of its properties and with capital gains from any sales of properties. A mortgage REIT generally specializes in lending money to owners of properties and passes through any interest income it may earn to its shareholders.
Partnership units of real estate and other types of companies sometimes are organized as master limited partnerships in which ownership interests are publicly traded. Master limited partnerships often own several properties or businesses (or directly own interests) that are related to real estate development and the oil and gas industries, but they also may finance motion pictures, research and development and other projects.
REITs are subject to certain risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, including, for example, declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, and variations in rental income. REITs also may be subject to interest rate risk. In general, increases in interest rates will decrease the value of high-yield securities and increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could decrease the value of a REIT’s investments. In addition, equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of credit extended. Both equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills. REITs also may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, and the possibility of failing to qualify for preferential tax treatment under the Code, which could adversely affect dividend payments. REITs also may not be diversified.
Investing in master limited partnerships generally is subject to the risks applicable to investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation, which may include fewer protections afforded to investors. Additional risks include those associated with the specific industries in which a master limited partnership invests, such as the risks associated with investing in the real estate or oil and gas industries.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are agreements under which the Fund acquires a security for a relatively short period of time subject to the obligation of a seller to repurchase and the Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the Fund’s cost plus interest). Repurchase agreements also may be viewed as loans made by the Fund that are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. The Fund typically will enter into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks, registered broker/dealers and the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. Such transactions are monitored to ensure that the value of the underlying securities will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including any accrued interest.
Repurchase agreements generally are subject to counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, the Fund could realize a loss on the sale of the underlying security to the extent that the proceeds of the sale are less than the resale price provided in the repurchase agreement including interest. In the event that a counterparty fails to perform because it is insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, the Fund’s right to take possession of the underlying securities would be subject to applicable insolvency law and procedure, including an automatic stay (which would preclude immediate enforcement of the Fund’s rights) and exemptions thereto (which would permit the Fund to take possession of the underlying securities or to void a repurchase agreement altogether). Since it is possible that an exemption from the automatic stay would not be available, the Fund might
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be prevented from immediately enforcing its rights against the counterparty. Accordingly, if a counterparty becomes insolvent or otherwise subject to insolvency proceedings against it, the Fund may incur delays in or be prevented from liquidating the underlying securities and could experience losses, including the possible decline in value of the underlying securities during the period in which the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, possible subnormal levels of income or lack of access to income during such time, as well as the costs incurred in enforcing the Fund’s rights. For example, if the Fund enters into a repurchase agreement with a broker that becomes insolvent, it is possible for the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) to institute a liquidation proceeding in federal court against the broker counterparty which could lead to a foreclosure by SIPC of the underlying securities or SIPC may stay, or preclude, the Fund’s ability under contract to terminate the repurchase agreement.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements under which the Fund sells a security subject to the obligation of a buyer to resell and the Fund to repurchase such security at a fixed time and price. Reverse repurchase agreements also may be viewed as borrowings made by the Fund.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements are techniques involving leverage, and are subject to asset coverage requirements. Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to maintain an asset coverage (including the proceeds of the borrowings) of at least 300% of all borrowings.
Standby Commitments
Standby commitments are securities under which a purchaser, usually a bank or broker/dealer, agrees to purchase, for a fee, an amount of the Fund’s municipal obligations. The amount payable by a bank or broker/ dealer to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment typically will be substantially the same as the value of the underlying municipal securities. The Fund may pay for standby commitments either separately in cash or by paying a higher price for portfolio securities that are acquired subject to such a commitment.
Using standby commitments is subject to certain risks. Standby commitments are subject to the risk that a counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to purchase securities subject to a standby commitment.
Stripped Securities
Stripped securities are securities that evidence ownership in either the future interest or principal payments on an instrument. There are many different types and variations of stripped securities. For example, Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPs) can be component parts of a U.S. Treasury security where the principal and interest components are traded independently through DTC, a clearing agency registered pursuant to Section 17A of the 1934 Act and created to hold securities for its participants, and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic computerized book-entries, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Treasury Investor Growth Receipts (TIGERs) are Treasury securities stripped by brokers. Stripped mortgage-backed securities, or SMBS, also can be issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Stripped securities may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed assets. Common types of SMBS will be structured so that
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one class receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage-backed assets, while another class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal.
Investing in stripped securities is subject to certain risks. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail fully to recoup its initial investment in such securities. The market value of the class consisting primarily or entirely of principal payments can be especially volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The rates of return on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest are generally higher than prevailing market rates of return on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns also are volatile and there is a greater risk that the initial investment will not be recouped fully.
U.S. Government and Related Obligations
U.S. Government obligations include U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government or by various instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. Government. U.S. Treasury obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by various agencies of the U.S. Government differ in their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance, as well as with respect to whether they are guaranteed by the U.S. Government. U.S. Government and related obligations may be structured as fixed-, variable- or floating-rate obligations. See Permissible Fund Investments — Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations for more information.
U.S. Government obligations also include senior unsecured debt securities issued between October 14, 2008 and June 30, 2009 by eligible issuers (including U.S. depository institutions insured by the FDIC and certain affiliates, U.S. bank holding companies and certain U.S. savings and loan holding companies) that are guaranteed by the FDIC under its Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (the “TLGP”). The FDIC’s guarantee under the TLGP will expire upon the earlier of (i) maturity of such security or (ii) June 30, 2012. It is the view of the FDIC and the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that any debt security that is guaranteed by the FDIC under the TLGP and that has a maturity that ends on or before June 30, 2012 would be a security exempt from registration under Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 because such security would be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the FDIC.
Investing in securities guaranteed under the TLGP is subject to certain risks. Given that there is no track record for securities guaranteed under the TLGP, it is uncertain how such securities will trade in relation to treasury and government agency securities in terms of yield spread and the volatility of such spread and it is uncertain how such securities will trade in the secondary market and whether that market will be liquid or illiquid. The TLGP is a new program that is subject to change. In order to collect from the FDIC under the TLGP, a claims process must be followed. Failure to follow the claims process could result in a loss to the right to payment under the guarantee. In addition, guarantee payments by the FDIC under the TLGP may be delayed.
Investing in U.S. Government and related obligations is subject to certain risks. While U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government, securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. These securities may be supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality and, as a result, may be subject to greater credit risk than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises historically have involved limited risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, no assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any of these entities if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Variable- and Floating-Rate Obligations
Variable- and floating-rate obligations provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate and, under certain circumstances, varying principal amounts. Unlike a fixed interest rate, a variable, or floating, rate is one
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that rises and declines based on the movement of an underlying index of interest rates and may pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula. Asset-backed securities, bank obligations, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, mortgage-backed securities, money market instruments, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as variable- and floating-rate obligations.
Investing in variable- and floating-rate obligations is subject to certain risks. Variable- and floating-rate obligations may involve direct lending arrangements between the purchaser and the issuer and there may be no active secondary market, making it difficult to resell such obligations to a third party. Variable- and floating-rate obligations also may be subject to interest rate and credit risks. Changes in interest rates can affect the rate of return on such obligations. If an issuer of a variable- or floating-rate obligation defaults, the Fund could sustain a loss to the extent of such default.
Warrants and Rights
Warrants and rights are types of securities that give a holder a right to purchase shares of common stock. Warrants usually are issued together with a bond or preferred stock and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price typically for a period of years. Rights usually have a specified purchase price that is lower than the current market price and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock typically for a period of only weeks. Warrants may be used to enhance the marketability of a bond or preferred stock.
Warrants and rights may be subject to the risk that the securities could lose value. There also is the risk that the potential exercise price may exceed the market price of the warrants or rights, such as when there is no movement in the market price or the market price of such securities declines.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund, with payment and delivery taking place in the future. When engaging in when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, the Fund typically will hold cash or liquid securities in a segregated account in an amount equal to or greater than the purchase price. The payment obligation and, if applicable, the interest rate that will be received on the securities, are fixed at the time that the Fund agrees to purchase the securities. The Fund generally will enter into when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions only with the intention of completing such transactions. However, the Advisor may determine not to complete a transaction if it deems it appropriate. In such cases, the Fund may realize short-term gains or losses.
When-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions involve the risks that the securities purchased may fall in value by the time they actually are issued or that the other party may fail to honor the contract terms. The Fund that invests in delayed delivery securities may rely on a third party to complete the transaction. Failure by a third party to deliver a security purchased on a delayed delivery basis may result in a financial loss to the Fund or the loss of an opportunity to make an alternative investment.
Zero-Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step-Coupon Securities
Zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities are types of debt instruments that do not necessarily make payments of interest in fixed amounts or at fixed intervals. Asset-backed securities, convertible securities, corporate debt securities, foreign securities, low and below investment grade securities, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, participation interests, stripped securities, U.S. Government and related obligations and other types of debt instruments may be structured as zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities.
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Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest on a current basis but instead accrue interest over the life of the security. These securities include, among others, zero-coupon bonds, which either may be issued at a discount by a corporation or government entity or may be created by a brokerage firm when it strips the coupons from a bond or note and then sells the bond or note and the coupon separately. This technique is used frequently with U.S. Treasury bonds, and zero-coupon securities are marketed under such names as CATS (Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities), TIGERs or STRIPS. Zero-coupon bonds also are issued by municipalities. Buying a municipal zero-coupon bond frees its purchaser of the obligation to pay regular federal income tax on imputed interest, since the interest is exempt for regular federal income tax purposes. Zero-coupon certificates of deposit and zero-coupon mortgages are generally structured in the same fashion as zero-coupon bonds; the certificate of deposit holder or mortgage holder receives face value at maturity and no payments until then.
Pay-in-kind securities normally give the issuer an option to pay cash at a coupon payment date or to give the holder of the security a similar security with the same coupon rate and a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made.
Step-coupon securities trade at a discount from their face value and pay coupon interest. The coupon rate is paid according to a schedule for a series of periods, typically lower for an initial period and then increasing to a higher coupon rate thereafter. The discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issue.
Zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities holders generally have substantially all the rights and privileges of holders of the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations. Holders of these securities have the right upon default on the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations to proceed directly and individually against the issuer and are not required to act in concert with other holders of such securities.
Investing in zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities is subject to certain risks, including that market prices of zero-coupon, pay-in-kind and step-coupon securities generally are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash, and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities.
Because zero-coupon securities bear no interest, they are volatile. Since zero-coupon bondholders do not receive interest payments, zero-coupon securities fall more dramatically than bonds paying interest on a current basis when interest rates rise. However, when interest rates fall, zero-coupon securities rise more rapidly in value than interest paying bonds.
The Fund has a fundamental policy with respect to borrowing that can be found under the heading About the Fund’s Investments — Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies. Specifically, the Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive relief obtained by the Fund. In general, pursuant to the 1940 Act, the Fund may borrow money only from banks in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed this amount must be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation.
The Fund participates in a committed line of credit (Line of Credit). Any advance under the Line of Credit is contemplated primarily for temporary or emergency purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests that otherwise might require the untimely sale of portfolio securities.
Pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC, the Fund may, subject to certain conditions, borrow money from other funds in the Columbia Funds Family for temporary emergency purposes in order to facilitate
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redemption requests, or for other purposes consistent with Fund investment policies and restrictions. All loans are set at an interest rate between the rates charged on overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans.
The Fund may sometimes sell securities short when it owns an equal amount of such securities as those securities sold short. This is a technique known as selling short “against the box.” If the Fund makes a short sale “against the box,” it would not immediately deliver the securities sold and would not receive the proceeds from the sale. The seller is said to have a short position in the securities sold until it delivers the securities sold, at which time it receives the proceeds of the sale. To secure its obligation to deliver securities sold short, the Fund will deposit in escrow in a separate account with the custodian an equal amount of the securities sold short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such securities. The Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and delivering an equal amount of the securities sold short, rather than by delivering securities already held by the Fund, because the Fund might want to continue to receive interest and dividend payments on securities in its portfolio that are convertible into the securities sold short.
Short sales “against the box” entail many of the same risks and considerations described above regarding short sales not “against the box.” However, when the Fund sells short “against the box” it typically limits the amount of securities that it has leveraged. The Fund’s decision to make a short sale “against the box” may be a technique to hedge against market risks when the Advisor believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by the Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In such case, any future losses in the Fund’s long position would be reduced by a gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in the long position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short relative to the amount of the securities the Fund owns, either directly or indirectly, and, in the case where the Fund owns convertible securities, changes in the investment values or conversion premiums of such securities. Short sales may have adverse tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders.
Subject to its fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies, the Fund may engage in short sales that are not “against the box,” which are sales by the Fund of securities or commodity futures contracts that it does not own in hopes of purchasing the same security at a later date at a lower price. The technique is also used to protect a profit in a long-term position in a security or commodity futures contract. To make delivery to the buyer, the Fund must borrow or purchase the security. If borrowed, the Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed from the third party, so the Fund must purchase the security at the market price at a later time. If the price of the security has increased during this time, then the Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price of the security from the time of the short sale plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. (Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.)
Short sales by the Fund that are not made “against the box” create opportunities to increase the Fund’s return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique. Because the Fund in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, the Fund’s NAV per share tends to increase more when the securities it has sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has sold short increase in value, than if it had not engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale. Short sales could potentially involve unlimited loss, as the market price of securities sold short may continually increase, although the Fund can mitigate any such losses by replacing the securities sold short. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise
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the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. There is also the risk that the third party to the short sale may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to the Fund.
The Fund’s successful use of short sales also will be subject to the ability of the Advisor to predict movements in the directions of the relevant market. The Fund therefore bears the risk that the Advisor will incorrectly predict future price directions. In addition, if the Fund sells a security short, and that security’s price goes up, the Fund will have to make up the margin on its open position (i.e., purchase more securities on the market to cover the position). It may be unable to do so and thus its position may not be closed out. There can be no assurance that the Fund will not incur significant losses in such a case.
In the view of the SEC, a short sale involves the creation of a “senior security” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, unless the sale is “against the box” and the securities sold short are placed in a segregated account (not with the broker), or unless the Fund’s obligation to deliver the securities sold short is “covered” by placing in a segregated account (not with the broker) cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities in an amount equal to the difference between the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale and any such collateral required to be deposited with a broker in connection with the sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale), which difference is adjusted daily for changes in the value of the securities sold short. The total value of the cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid debt or equity securities deposited with the broker and otherwise segregated may not at any time be less than the market value of the securities sold short at the time of the short sale.
Securities lending refers to the lending of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Subject to its investment policies described above and in the prospectuses, the Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities to broker/ dealers and other institutional investors. Securities loans by the Fund are made pursuant to agreements that require that loans be secured continuously by collateral in cash. The Fund retains all or a portion of the income received on investment of cash collateral. A borrower will pay to the Fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on securities loaned, but the borrower typically will receive a portion of the income earned on investments of cash collateral. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with respect to loaned securities pass to a borrower, the Fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice, and may do so in order to vote upon matters affecting, or to sell, the loaned securities.
The Fund typically invests the cash collateral it receives in connection with its securities lending program directly or indirectly in high quality, short-term investments. The Fund may invest some or all of the cash collateral in one or more pooled investment vehicles, including, among other vehicles, money market funds managed by the Fund’s securities lending agent or its affiliates. The securities lending agent shares in any income resulting from the investment of cash collateral, and an affiliate of the securities lending agent receives asset-based fees for the management of such pooled investment vehicles, which may create a conflict of interest between the securities lending agent (or its affiliate) and the Fund with respect to the management of such cash collateral.
Engaging in securities lending is subject to certain risks, including counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty to a transaction could default. There also is a risk of possible delay in the recovery of loaned securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral if a borrower fails financially.
A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” High portfolio turnover (e.g., over 100%) involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales
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may also result in adverse tax consequences to the Fund’s shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
For the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate, see the Fees and Expenses of the Fund — Portfolio Turnover section in the prospectuses for the Fund.
Disclosure of Portfolio Information
The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that disclosure of information regarding the Columbia Funds’ portfolio securities is in the best interests of Columbia Fund shareholders and to address conflicts between the interests of Columbia Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Columbia Fund, on the other. These policies and procedures provide that Columbia Funds portfolio holdings information generally may not be disclosed to any party prior to the earlier of: (i) the business day next following the posting of such information on the Columbia Funds’ website, if applicable, or (ii) the time a Columbia Fund discloses the information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information. Certain limited exceptions that have been approved consistent with the policies and procedures are described below. The Board is updated as needed regarding compliance with these policies and procedures. The policies and procedures prohibit the Advisor and the Columbia Funds’ other service providers from entering into any agreement to disclose Columbia Fund portfolio holdings information in exchange for any form of consideration. These policies and procedures apply to all categories of Columbia Funds and include some variations tailored to the different categories of Columbia Funds. Accordingly, some of the provisions described below do not apply to the Columbia Fund(s) covered by this SAI. The Advisor also has adopted policies and procedures to monitor for compliance with these portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
Public Disclosures
The Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings are currently disclosed to the public through required filings with the SEC and on the Columbia Funds’ website. This information is available on the Columbia Funds’ website as described below.
• | For equity, convertible, balanced and asset allocation funds, other than small-cap and specialty Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month-end is posted approximately 15 calendar days after such month-end. |
• | For small-cap and specialty Columbia Funds and those Columbia Funds that are sub-advised by Marsico and Brandes, sub-advisors for certain Columbia Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month-end is posted approximately 30 calendar days after such month-end. |
• | For fixed income funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a fiscal quarter-end is posted approximately 60 calendar days after such quarter-end. |
• | For Columbia Money Market Funds, a complete list of portfolio holdings as of a month-end is posted approximately 5 business days after such month-end. |
Certain Columbia Funds also disclose their largest holdings, as a percent of the market values of the Columbia Funds’ portfolios, as of a month-end on their website, generally within 15 calendar days after such month-end. In general, the equity Columbia Funds post their largest 10-15 holdings, the balanced Columbia Funds post their largest 5 equity holdings, and certain fixed income Columbia Funds post their largest 5-15 holdings (by security or issuer).
The Advisor may also disclose more current portfolio holdings information as of specified dates on the Columbia Funds’ website.
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The scope of the information that is made available on the Columbia Funds’ website pursuant to the Columbia Funds’ policies relating to a Columbia Fund’s portfolio may change from time to time without prior notice.
The Columbia Funds file their portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semi-annual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of each Columbia Fund’s fiscal year). Shareholders may obtain each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, a link to which is provided on the Columbia Funds’ website. In addition, each Columbia Fund’s Form N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 800.SEC.0330 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the public reference room.
The Columbia Funds, the Advisor and their affiliates may include portfolio holdings information that already has been made public through a website posting or SEC filing in marketing literature and other communications to shareholders, advisors or other parties, provided that the information is disclosed no earlier than the business day after the date the information is disclosed publicly on the Columbia Funds’ website or no earlier than the time a Columbia Fund files such information in a publicly available SEC filing required to include such information.
Other Disclosures
The Columbia Funds’ policies and procedures provide that no disclosures of the Columbia Funds’ portfolio holdings may be made prior to the portfolio holdings information being made public unless (i) the Columbia Funds have a legitimate business purpose for making such disclosure, (ii) the Columbia Funds’ President authorizes such non-public disclosure of information, and (iii) the party receiving the non-public information enters into an appropriate confidentiality agreement or is otherwise subject to a confidentiality obligation.
In determining the existence of a legitimate business purpose for making portfolio disclosures, the following factors, among others, are considered: (i) any prior disclosure must be consistent with the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties of the Advisor; (ii) any conflicts of interest between the interests of Columbia Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Advisor, the Distributor or any affiliated person of a Columbia Fund, on the other; and (iii) any prior disclosure to a third party, although subject to a confidentiality agreement, would not make conduct lawful that otherwise is unlawful.
In addition, the Columbia Funds periodically disclose their portfolio information on a confidential basis to various service providers that require such information to assist the Columbia Funds with their day-to-day business affairs. In addition to the Advisor and its affiliates, these service providers include each Columbia Fund’s sub-advisor(s) (if any), the Columbia Funds’ custodian, sub-custodians, independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel, financial printers, proxy solicitor and proxy voting service provider, as well as ratings agencies that maintain ratings on certain Columbia Funds. These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the Columbia Funds. The Columbia Funds also may disclose portfolio holdings information to broker/dealers and certain other entities in connection with potential transactions and management of the Columbia Funds, provided that reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
The Columbia Funds currently have ongoing arrangements with certain approved recipients with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings information prior to such information being made public. Portfolio holdings information disclosed to such recipients is current as of the time of its disclosure, is disclosed to each recipient solely for purposes consistent with the services described below and has been authorized by the Columbia Funds’ President. These special arrangements are described in the table below.
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Ongoing Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Arrangements
IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS | FREQUENCY OF DISCLOSURE | |||
Standard & Poor’s | None | Use to maintain ratings for certain Money Market Funds. | Weekly | |||
InvestorTools, Inc. | None | Access granted solely for the purpose of testing back office conversion of trading systems. | Real time | |||
ING Insurance Company | None | Access granted for specific Columbia Funds for ING’s creation of client/shareholder materials. ING may not distribute materials until the holdings information is made public. | Quarterly | |||
Glass-Lewis & Co. | None | Access in connection with testing the firm’s proxy services. | Daily | |||
CMS Bondedge | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with application used by the Advisor’s Fixed Income Portfolio Management team as an analytical and trading tool. | Ad hoc | |||
Linedata Services, Inc. | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with the software for the LongView Trade Order Management System. | Ad hoc | |||
JP Morgan | None | Access to provide the Advisor’s High Yield portfolio management team with peer group analysis reports for purposes of analyzing the portfolio. | Monthly | |||
Malaspina Communications | None | Use to facilitate writing, publishing and mailing Columbia Fund shareholder reports and communications including shareholder letters and management’s discussion of Columbia Fund performance. | Quarterly | |||
Evare LLP | None | Use for standardizing and reformatting data according to the Advisor’s specifications for use in the reconciliation process. | Daily | |||
Factset Research Data Systems, Inc. | None | Use for provision of quantitative analytics, charting and fundamental data to the Advisor, and Marsico, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
RR Donnelley/WE Andrews | None | Access as printers for the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs, fact sheets and brochures. | Monthly |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS | FREQUENCY OF DISCLOSURE | |||
Merrill Corporation | None | Use to provide fulfillment of the Columbia Funds’ prospectuses, supplements, SAIs and sales materials. | Monthly | |||
Citigroup | None | Access when assisting in resolving technical difficulties with Yield Book, an analytic software program that the Advisor uses to perform ongoing risk analysis and management of certain fixed income Columbia Funds and fixed income separately managed accounts. | Daily | |||
Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) | None | Proxy voting administration and research on proxy matters utilized by MacKay Shields LLC, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
Cogent Consulting LLC | None | Utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor for certain Columbia Funds, to facilitate the evaluation of commission rates and to provide flexible commission reporting. | Daily | |||
Moody’s | None | Ongoing portfolio surveillance for ratings it maintains on the Money Market Funds. | Monthly | |||
Kynex | None | Use to provide portfolio attribution reports. | Daily | |||
Bowne & Co. | None | Use for printing of the following materials: prospectuses, supplements and SAIs. | Monthly/ quarterly | |||
Bloomberg | None | Use for portfolio analytics. | Daily | |||
Barclays Point | None | Use for analytics including risk and attribution assessment. | Daily | |||
Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. | None | Proxy voting and research utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds. | Daily | |||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Macgregor) | None | Order management system utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor for certain Columbia Funds that stores trading data and is used for trading and compliance purposes. | Ad hoc- | |||
Advent/AXP | None | Portfolio accounting system utilized by Marsico, sub-advisor to certain Columbia Funds, for both portfolio accounting and internal recordkeeping purposes. | Ad hoc |
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IDENTITY OF RECIPIENT | COMPENSATION/ CONSIDERATION RECEIVED | CONDITIONS/RESTRICTIONS | FREQUENCY OF DISCLOSURE | |||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. (ITG, formerly known as Plexus Group) | None | Evaluation and assessment of trading activity, execution and practices by the Advisor. | Five days after quarter-end | |||
BANA and State Street | None | Credit analysis performed by lenders. | Ad hoc | |||
State Street | None | Use to provide custodian services. | Real time | |||
Lipper | None | Use to create metrics for board and executive management reporting, product and marketing analysis, and fund performance. | Daily | |||
Morningstar, Inc. | None | Use for independent research and ranking of Columbia Funds. | Daily |
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INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
The Advisor and Investment Advisory Services
The Advisor (which is also the Administrator) has been a registered investment advisor since 1995. The Advisor is a wholly owned subsidiary of Columbia Management Group, LLC, which is the primary investment division of Bank of America. The Advisor and Columbia Management Group, LLC are located at 100 Federal Street, Boston MA 02110.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is responsible for the overall management and supervision of the investment management of the Fund. The Advisor performs its duties subject at all times to the control of the Board and in conformity with the stated policies of the Fund. In rendering investment advisory services, the Advisor may use the portfolio management and research resources of Columbia Management Pte. Ltd., an affiliate of the Advisor. Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. is not registered with the SEC as an investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Advisor pursuant to which Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. is considered a “participating affiliate” of the Advisor as that term is used in relief granted by the staff of the SEC allowing U.S. registered investment advisors to use portfolio management or research resources of advisory affiliates subject to the supervision of a registered investment advisor. Investment professionals from Columbia Management Pte. Ltd. may render portfolio management or research services to clients of the Advisor, including the Fund, under the MOU, and are subject to supervision by the Advisor.
The Investment Advisory Agreement generally provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the Advisor’s obligations or duties thereunder, the Advisor or any of its respective officers, directors, employees or agents, shall not be subject to liability to any shareholder of the Trust or to the Fund for any act or omission in the course of rendering services thereunder.
The Investment Advisory Agreement became effective with respect to the Fund after approval by the Board, and after an initial two year period, continues from year to year, provided that such continuation of the Investment Advisory Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Investment Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to the Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) on at least 60 days’ notice or by the Advisor on at least 60 days’ written notice.
The Advisor pays all salaries of officers of the Trust, except for the Chief Compliance Officer, a portion of whose salary is paid by the Columbia Funds. The Trust pays all expenses not assumed by the Advisor including, but not limited to, auditing, legal, custodial, shareholder servicing and shareholder reporting expenses. The Trust pays the cost of printing and mailing Fund prospectuses to shareholders. The Distributor pays the cost of printing and distributing all other prospectuses.
Advisory Fee Rate and Fees Paid
The Fund pays the Advisor an annual fee for its investment advisory services, as set forth in the Investment Advisory Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Fees and Expenses of the Fund — Annual Fund Operating Expenses in the Fund’s prospectuses. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Fund and is paid monthly. The Advisor also may pay amounts from its own assets to the Distributor and/or to selling and/or servicing agents for services they provide.
The Advisor received fees from the Fund for its services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the advisory fees paid to the Advisor and the fees waived/reimbursed by the Advisor, where applicable, for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
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Advisory Fees Paid by the Fund
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2007 | |||||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Fee Paid | $ | 10,701,653 | $ | 11,551,990 | $ | 12,025,751 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Advisor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
Portfolio Manager(s)
The following provides additional information about the portfolio manager(s) of the Advisor who are responsible for making the day-to-day investment decisions for the Fund. As described in the Management of the Fund — Primary Service Providers section of the Fund’s prospectuses, the portfolio manager(s) of the Advisor who are responsible for the Fund are:
Portfolio Manager(s) of the Advisor
Portfolio Manager | Fund | |
Kimberly A. Campbell | Tax-Exempt Fund |
Compensation
As of the Fund’s most recent fiscal year end, the Advisor’s portfolio managers received all of their compensation from the Advisor and its parent company, Columbia Management Group, LLC, in the form of salary, bonus, stock options, restricted stock, and notional investments through an incentive plan, the value of which is measured by reference to the performance of the Columbia Funds in which the account is invested. A portfolio manager’s bonus is variable and generally is based on (1) an evaluation of the portfolio manager’s investment performance and (2) the results of a peer and/or management review of the portfolio manager, which takes into account skills and attributes such as team participation, investment process, communication and professionalism. In evaluating investment performance, the Advisor generally considers the one, three and five year performance of mutual funds and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager relative to the benchmarks and peer groups noted below, emphasizing the portfolio manager’s three and five year performance. The Advisor also may consider a portfolio manager’s performance in managing client assets in sectors and industries assigned to the portfolio manager as part of his/her investment team responsibilities, where applicable. For portfolio managers who also have group management responsibilities, another factor in their evaluation is an assessment of the group’s overall investment performance.
Performance Benchmarks
Portfolio Manager | Primary Benchmark(s) | Peer Group(s) | ||
Kimberly A. Campbell | Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index | Lipper General Municipal Debt Funds |
The size of the overall bonus pool each year is determined by Columbia Management Group, LLC and depends on, among other factors, the levels of compensation generally in the investment management industry (based on market compensation data) and the Advisor’s profitability for the year, which is largely determined by assets under management.
Other Accounts
The following table shows the number and assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the portfolio manager(s) of the Advisor managed, as of November 30, 2009.
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Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager(s)
Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds | Other pooled investment vehicles | Other accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager | Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | ||||||||||||||||||
Kimberly A. Campbell | 4 | $ | 696.0 million | 2 | $ | 577.0 million | 13 | $ | 0.790 million |
The following table shows the number and assets of the above accounts (or portions of such accounts) for which the advisory fee is based on performance, as of November 30, 2009.
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager(s) for which the Advisory Fee is Based on Performance
Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds | Other pooled investment vehicles | Other accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager | Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | Number of accounts | Assets | ||||||||||||||||||
Kimberly A. Campbell | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 |
Ownership of Securities
The table below shows the dollar ranges of shares of the Fund beneficially owned (as determined pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act) by the Fund’s portfolio manager(s), as of November 30, 2009.
Portfolio Manager Ownership of the Fund as of November 30, 2009
Portfolio Manager | Fund | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned | ||||
Kimberly A. Campbell | Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 0 |
The Advisor’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests
Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, the Fund’s portfolio manager(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the Fund and other accounts at the same time. The Advisor and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of the potential conflicts that portfolio managers face in this regard. Certain of these conflicts of interest are summarized below.
The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (performance fee accounts), may raise potential conflicts of interest for a portfolio manager by creating an incentive to favor higher fee accounts.
Potential conflicts of interest also may arise when a portfolio manager has personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to the Advisor’s Code of Ethics and certain limited exceptions, the Advisor’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the Fund.
A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts managed by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.
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A portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the broker/dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the Fund. A portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of broker/dealers could produce disproportionate costs and benefits among the Fund and the other accounts the portfolio manager manages.
A potential conflict of interest may arise when a portfolio manager buys or sells the same securities for the Fund and other accounts. On occasions when a portfolio manager considers the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the Fund as well as other accounts, the Advisor’s trading desk may, to the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or bought in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to the Fund or another account if a portfolio manager favors one account over another in allocating the securities bought or sold.
“Cross trades,” in which a portfolio manager sells a particular security held by the Fund to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), could involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, a portfolio manager is permitted to sell a security from one account to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. The Advisor and the Fund have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the Fund and another account managed by the Advisor are to be made at a current market price, consistent with applicable laws and regulations.
Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of the Fund and other accounts managed by its portfolio manager(s). Depending on another account’s objectives and other factors, a portfolio manager may give advice to and make decisions for the Fund that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to another account. A portfolio manager’s investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a portfolio manager may buy or sell a particular security for certain accounts, and not for the Fund, even though it could have been bought or sold for the Fund at the same time. A portfolio manager also may buy a particular security for one or more accounts when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when a portfolio manager’s purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts, including the Fund.
The Fund’s portfolio manager(s) also may have other potential conflicts of interest in managing the Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could exist in managing the Fund and other accounts. Many of the potential conflicts of interest to which the Advisor’s portfolio managers are subject are essentially the same or similar to the potential conflicts of interest related to the investment management activities of the Advisor and its affiliates. See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about conflicts of interest, including those that relate to the Advisor and its affiliates.
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (which is also the Advisor) serves as Administrator of the Fund.
Services Provided
Pursuant to the terms of the Administration Agreement, the Administrator has agreed to, among other things, (i) provide office space, equipment and clerical personnel; (ii) arrange, if desired by the Trust, for its directors, officers and employees to serve as Trustees, officers or agents of the Fund; (iii) prepare and, if applicable, file all documents required for compliance by the Fund with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) prepare agendas and supporting documents for and minutes of meetings of Trustees, committees of Trustees and shareholders; (v) coordinate and oversee the activities of the Fund’s other third party service providers; and (vi) maintain certain books and records of the Fund.
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Administration Fee Rate and Fees Paid
The Administrator receives fees as compensation for its services, which are computed daily and paid monthly, as set forth in the Administration Agreement, and as shown in the section entitled Management of the Fund — Primary Service Providers in the Fund’s prospectuses.
The following chart shows the administration fees paid to the Administrator for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
Administration Fees Paid by the Fund
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2007 | |||||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Administration Fee Paid | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
Amount Waived/Reimbursed by the Administrator | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 |
Pricing and Bookkeeping Services
State Street Bank and Trust Company is responsible for providing certain pricing and bookkeeping services to the Fund. Columbia Management Advisors, LLC is responsible for overseeing the performance of these services and for certain other services.
Services Provided
Effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into a Financial Reporting Services Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company and Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (the Financial Reporting Services Agreement) pursuant to which State Street Bank and Trust Company provides financial reporting services to the Fund. Also effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into an Accounting Services Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company and Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (collectively with the Financial Reporting Services Agreement, the State Street Agreements) pursuant to which State Street Bank and Trust Company provides accounting services to the Fund. Under the State Street Agreements, the Fund pays State Street Bank and Trust Company an annual fee of $38,000 paid monthly plus a monthly fee based on an annualized percentage rate of average daily net assets of the Fund for the month. The aggregate fee for the Fund during any year shall not exceed $140,000 annually (exclusive of out-of-pocket expenses and charges). The Fund also reimburses State Street Bank and Trust Company for certain out-of-pocket expenses and charges.
Effective December 15, 2006, the Trust entered into a Pricing and Bookkeeping Oversight and Services Agreement (the Services Agreement) with Columbia Management Advisors, LLC. Under the Services Agreement, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC provides services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and provides oversight of the accounting and financial reporting services provided by State Street Bank and Trust Company. Under the Services Agreement, the Fund reimburses Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for out-of-pocket expenses and charges, including fees payable to third parties, such as for pricing the Fund’s portfolio securities, incurred by Columbia Management Advisors, LLC in the performance of services under the Services Agreement. Prior to January 1, 2008, the Fund also reimbursed Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for accounting oversight services, services related to Fund expenses and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Prior to December 15, 2006, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC was responsible for providing pricing and bookkeeping services to the series of the Trust under a pricing and bookkeeping agreement and was entitled to receive an annual fee at the same rate described above under the State Street Agreements. Under separate agreements between Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company,
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Columbia Management Advisors, LLC delegated certain functions to State Street Bank and Trust Company. As a result of the delegation, the total fees payable under the pricing and bookkeeping agreement (other than certain reimbursements paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and discussed below) were paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company. The series of the Trust also reimbursed Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for out-of-pocket expenses and charges, including fees payable to third parties for pricing the portfolio securities of the series of the Trust and direct internal costs incurred by Columbia Management Advisors, LLC in connection with providing fund accounting oversight and monitoring and certain other services.
Pricing and Bookkeeping Fees Paid
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company received fees from the Fund for their services as reflected in the following chart, which shows the net pricing and bookkeeping fees paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company and to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
Pricing and Bookkeeping Fees Paid by the Fund
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2007 | |||||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Advisory Paid to Columbia Management Advisors, LLC | $ | 0 | $ | 771 | $ | 27,315 | ||||||
Amount Paid to State Street Bank and Trust Company | $ | 202,126 | $ | 208,452 | $ | 189,752 |
The Principal Underwriter/Distributor
Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. serves as the principal underwriter and distributor for the continuous offering of shares of the Funds pursuant to a Distribution Agreement. The Distribution Agreement obligates the Distributor to use appropriate efforts to find purchasers for the shares of the Funds. The Distributor’s address is: One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111.
Distribution Obligations
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent, sells shares of the Fund on a continuous basis and transmits purchase and redemption orders that it receives to the Trust or the Transfer Agent or their designated agents. Additionally, the Distributor has agreed to use appropriate efforts to solicit orders for the sale of shares and to undertake advertising and promotion as it believes appropriate in connection with such solicitation. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, at its own expense, finances those activities which are primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the Fund, including, but not limited to, advertising, compensation of underwriters, dealers and sales personnel, the printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than existing shareholders, and the printing and mailing of sales literature. The Distributor, however, may be compensated or reimbursed for all or a portion of such expenses to the extent permitted by a Distribution Plan adopted by the Trust pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
The Distribution Agreement became effective with respect to the Fund after approval by its Board, and after an initial two-year period, continues from year to year, provided that continuation of the Distribution Agreement is specifically approved at least annually by the Board, including its Independent Trustees. The Distribution Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable with respect to the Fund at any time without penalty by the Trust (by vote of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund) or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice.
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Underwriting Commissions
The following table shows all commissions and other compensation received by the Distributor, as well as amounts the Distributor retained for the Fund’s three most recent fiscal years.
Underwriting Commissions Paid by the Fund and Retained by the Distributor
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2007 | |||||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Paid | $ | 617,256 | $ | 593,487 | $ | 541,719 | ||||||
Class A Retained | $ | 75,800 | $ | 105,669 | $ | 64,392 | ||||||
Class B Retained | $ | 12,162 | $ | 26,632 | $ | 55,180 | ||||||
Class C Retained | $ | 6,371 | $ | 8,984 | $ | 2,053 |
![]() | Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest |
As described above in the Investment Advisory and Other Services section of this SAI, and in the Management of the Fund — Primary Service Providers section of the Fund’s prospectus, the Advisor, Administrator, Distributor and Transfer Agent, all affiliates of Bank of America, receive compensation from the Fund for the various services they provide to the Fund. Additional information as to the specific terms regarding such compensation is set forth in these affiliated service providers’ contracts with the Fund, each of which typically is included as an exhibit to Part C of the Fund’s registration statement.
In many instances, the compensation paid to the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates for the services they provide to the Fund is based, in some manner, on the size of the Fund’s assets under management. As the size of the Fund’s assets under management grows, so does the amount of compensation paid to the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates for providing services to the Fund. This relationship between Fund assets and affiliated service provider compensation may create economic and other conflicts of interests of which Fund investors should be aware. These potential conflicts of interest, as well as additional ones, are discussed in detail below and also are addressed in other disclosure materials, including the Fund’s prospectuses. These conflicts of interest also are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials of Bank of America affiliates that make available or offer the Columbia Funds as investments in connection with their respective products and services. In addition, Part 1A of the Advisor’s Form ADV, which it must file with the SEC as an investment advisor registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, provides information about the Advisor’s business, assets under management, affiliates and potential conflicts of interest. Part 1A of the Advisor’s Form ADV is available online through the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Additional actual or potential conflicts of interest and certain investment activity limitations that could affect the Fund may arise from the financial services activities of Bank of America and its affiliates, including, for example, the investment advisory/management services provided for clients and customers other than the Fund. In this regard, Bank of America is a major financial services company. Bank of America and its affiliates, including, for example, BANA (including its U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management division), BAS, Merrill Lynch, MLPF&S and the First Republic division of Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., are engaged in a wide range of financial activities beyond the mutual fund-related activities of the Advisor, including, among others, commercial banking, investment banking, broker/dealer (sales and trading), asset management, insurance and other financial activities. The broad range of financial services activities of Bank of America and its affiliates may involve multiple advisory, transactional, lending, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments, and in companies, that may be bought, sold or held by the Fund. The following describes certain actual and potential conflicts of interest that may be presented.
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Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to the Investment Advisory/Management Activities of Bank of America and its Affiliates in Connection With Other Advised/Managed Funds and Accounts
The Advisor and other affiliates of Bank of America may advise or manage funds and accounts other than the Fund. In this regard, Bank of America and its affiliates may provide investment advisory/management and other services to other advised/managed funds and accounts that are similar to those provided to the Fund. The Advisor and Bank of America’s other investment advisor affiliates (including, for example, Columbia Wanger Asset Management, L.P.) will give advice to and make decisions for all advised/managed funds and accounts, including the Fund, as they believe to be in that fund’s and/or account’s best interests, consistent with their fiduciary duties. The Fund and the other advised/managed funds and accounts of Bank of America and its affiliates are separately and potentially divergently managed, and there is no assurance that any investment advice Bank of America and its affiliates give to other advised/managed funds and accounts will also be given simultaneously or otherwise to the Fund.
A variety of other actual and potential conflicts of interest may arise from the advisory relationships of the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates with other clients and customers. Advice given to the Fund and/or investment decisions made for the Fund by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates may differ from, or may conflict with, advice given to and/or investment decisions made for other advised/managed funds and accounts. As a result, the performance of the Fund may differ from the performance of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates. Similarly, a position taken by Bank of America and its affiliates, including the Advisor, on behalf of other funds or accounts may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of the Fund. Moreover, Bank of America and its affiliates, including the Advisor, may take a position on behalf of other advised/managed funds and accounts, or for their own proprietary accounts, that is adverse to companies or other issuers in which the Fund is invested. For example, the Fund may hold equity securities of a company while another advised/managed fund or account may hold debt securities of the same company. If the portfolio company were to experience financial difficulties, it might be in the best interest of the Fund for the company to reorganize while the interests of the other advised/managed fund or account might be better served by the liquidation of the company. This type of conflict of interest could arise as the result of circumstances that cannot be generally foreseen within the broad range of investment advisory/management activities in which Bank of America and its affiliates engage.
Investment transactions made on behalf of other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates also may have a negative effect on the value, price or investment strategies of the Fund. For example, this could occur if another advised/managed fund or account implements an investment decision ahead of, or at the same time as, the Fund and causes the Fund to experience less favorable trading results than they otherwise would have experienced based on market liquidity factors. In addition, the other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates, including the other Columbia Funds, may have the same or very similar investment objective and strategies as the Fund. In this situation, the allocation of, and competition for, investment opportunities among the Fund and other funds and/or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates may create conflicts of interest especially where, for example, limited investment availability is involved. The Advisor has adopted policies and procedures addressing the allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and other funds and accounts advised by the Advisor and other affiliates of Bank of America. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — The Advisor and Investment Advisory Services — Portfolio Manager(s) — The Advisor’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
Sharing of Information Among Advised/Managed Accounts
Bank of America and its affiliates also may possess information that could be material to the management of the Fund and may not be able to, or may determine not to, share that information with the Fund, even though the information might be beneficial to the Fund. This information may include actual knowledge regarding the particular investments and transactions of other advised/managed funds and accounts, as well as proprietary investment, trading and other market research, analytical and technical models, and new investment techniques,
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strategies and opportunities. Depending on the context, Bank of America and its affiliates generally will have no obligation to share any such information with the Fund. In general, employees of Bank of America and its affiliates, including the portfolio managers of the Advisor, will make investment decisions without regard to information otherwise known by other employees of Bank of America and its affiliates, and generally will have no obligation to access any such information and may, in some instances, not be able to access such information because of legal and regulatory constraints or the internal policies and procedures of Bank of America and its affiliates. For example, if the Advisor or another Bank of America affiliate, or their respective employees, come into possession of non-public information regarding another advised/managed fund or account, they may be prohibited by legal and regulatory constraints, or internal policies and procedures, from using that information in connection with transactions made on behalf of the Fund. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — The Advisor and Investment Advisory Services — Portfolio Manager(s) — The Advisor’s Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interests.
Soft Dollar Benefits
Certain products and services, commonly referred to as “soft dollar services” (including, to the extent permitted by law, research reports, economic and financial data, financial publications, proxy analysis, computer databases and other research-oriented materials), that the Advisor may receive in connection with brokerage services provided to the Fund may have the inadvertent effect of disproportionately benefiting other advised/managed funds or accounts. This could happen because of the relative amount of brokerage services provided to the Fund as compared to other advised/ managed funds or accounts, as well as the relative compensation paid by the Fund.
Services Provided to Other Advised/Managed Accounts
Bank of America and its affiliates also may act as an investment advisor, investment manager, administrator, transfer agent, custodian, trustee, broker/dealer, agent, or in another capacity, for advised/managed funds and accounts other than the Fund, and may receive compensation for acting in such capacity. This compensation that the Advisor, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Bank of America affiliates receive could be greater than the compensation Bank of America and its affiliates receive for acting in the same or similar capacity for the Fund. In addition, the Advisor, Distributor and Transfer Agent and other Bank of America affiliates may receive other benefits, including enhancement of new or existing business relationships. This compensation and/or the benefits that Bank of America and its affiliates may receive from other advised/ managed funds and accounts and other relationships could potentially create incentives to favor other advised/ managed funds and accounts over the Fund. Trades made by Bank of America and its affiliates for the Fund may be, but are not required to be, aggregated with trades made for other funds and accounts advised/managed by the Advisor and other Bank of America affiliates. If trades are aggregated among the Fund and those other funds and accounts, the various prices of the securities being traded may be averaged, which could have the potential effect of disadvantaging the Fund as compared to the other funds and accounts with which trades were aggregated.
Proxy Voting
Although the Advisor endeavors to make all proxy voting decisions with respect to the interests of the Fund for which it is responsible in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures, the Advisor’s proxy voting decisions with respect to the Fund’s portfolio securities may nonetheless benefit other advised/managed funds and accounts, and/or clients, of Bank of America and its affiliates. The Advisor has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures that are designed to provide that all proxy voting is done in the best interests of its clients, including the Fund, without any resulting benefit or detriment to the Advisor and/or its affiliates, including Bank of America and its affiliates. For more information about the Advisor’s proxy voting policies and procedures, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.
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Certain Trading Activities
The directors/trustees, officers and employees of Bank of America and its affiliates may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and in doing so may take a position that is adverse to the Fund. In order to reduce the possibility that such personal investment activities of the directors/trustees, officers and employees of Bank of America and its affiliates will materially adversely affect the Fund, Bank of America and its affiliates have adopted policies and procedures, and the Fund, the Board, the Advisor and the Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics that addresses such personal investment activities. For more information, see Investment Advisory and Other Services — Codes of Ethics.
Affiliate Transactions
Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, the Fund may enter into transactions in which Bank of America and/or its affiliates may have an interest that potentially conflicts with the interests of the Fund. For example, BAS or MLPF&S may sell securities to the Fund from an offering in which it is an underwriter or from securities that it owns as a dealer, subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
Investment Limitations Arising from Bank of America Activities
Regulatory restrictions applicable to Bank of America and its affiliates may limit the Fund’s investment activities in various ways. For example, regulations regarding certain industries and markets, such as those in emerging or international markets, and certain transactions, such as those involving certain futures and derivatives, may impose a cap on the aggregate amount of investments that may be made by affiliated investors, including accounts managed by the same affiliated manager, in the aggregate or in individual issuers. At certain times, Bank of America and its affiliates also may be restricted in the securities that can be bought or sold for the Fund and other advised/managed funds and accounts because of the investment banking, lending or other relationships Bank of America and its affiliates have with the issuers of securities. This could happen, for example, if the Fund and/or other advised/managed funds and accounts desired to buy a security issued by a company for which Bank of America or its affiliates served as underwriter. The internal policies and procedures of Bank of America and its affiliates covering these types of regulatory restrictions and addressing similar issues also may at times restrict the Fund’s investment activities. A client not advised by Bank of America and its affiliates would not be subject to many of these restrictions. See also About the Fund’s Investments — Certain Investment Activity Limits.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Bank of America and its Affiliates’ Non-Advisory Relationships with Clients and Customers other than the Fund
The lending, investment banking and other relationships that Bank of America and its affiliates may have with companies and other entities in which the Fund may invest can give rise to actual and potential conflicts of interest. Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, the Fund may invest (a) in the securities of Bank of America and/or its affiliates and/or in companies in which Bank of America and its affiliates (including, for example, BANA, BAS, and affiliates of Merrill Lynch) have a lending, investment banking, equity, debt or other interest, and/or (b) in the securities of companies held by other Columbia Funds. The purchase, holding and sale of such securities by the Fund may enhance the profitability and the business interests of Bank of America and/or its affiliates and/or other Columbia Funds. There also may be limitations as to the sharing with the Advisor of information derived from the non-investment advisory/management activities of Bank of America and its affiliates because of legal and regulatory constraints and internal policies and procedures (such as information barriers and ethical walls). Because of these limitations, Bank of America and its affiliates generally will not share information derived from its non-investment advisory/management activities with the Advisor.
Actual and Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Bank of America Affiliates’ Marketing and Use of the Columbia Funds as Investment Options
Bank of America and its affiliates also provide a variety of products and services that, in some manner, may utilize the Columbia Funds as investment options. For example, the Columbia Funds may be offered as
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investments in connection with brokerage and other securities products offered by MLPF&S, and may be utilized as investments in connection with fiduciary, investment management and other accounts offered by U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management or the First Republic division of Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co., as well as for other Columbia Funds structured as “funds of funds.” In addition, the Columbia Money Market Funds are offered as an investment option for a variety of cash management and “sweep” account programs offered by Bank of America and its affiliates. The Columbia Funds also may use the Columbia Money Market Funds for cash investment purposes. The use of the Columbia Funds in connection with other products and services offered by Bank of America and its affiliates may introduce economic and other conflicts of interest. These conflicts of interest are highlighted in account documentation and other disclosure materials for the other products and services offered by Bank of America and its affiliates.
Bank of America and its affiliates, including the Advisor, may make payments to their affiliates in connection with the promotion and sale of the Fund’s shares, in addition to the sales-related and other compensation that these parties may receive from the Fund. As a general matter, personnel of Bank of America and its affiliates, including MLPF&S, do not receive compensation in connection with their sales or use of the Fund that is greater than that paid in connection with their sales of other comparable products and services. Nonetheless, because the compensation that the Advisor and other affiliates of Bank of America may receive for providing services to the Fund is generally based on the Fund’s assets under management and those assets will grow as shares of the Fund are sold, potential conflicts of interest may exist. See Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Financial Intermediary Payments for more information.
The Transfer Agent
Columbia Management Services, Inc. acts as Transfer Agent for the Fund’s shares and can be contacted at P.O. Box 8081, Boston, MA 02266-8081. Under the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent provides transfer agency, dividend disbursing agency and shareholder servicing agency services to the Fund. Effective November 1, 2009, the Fund pays the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $22.36 per account, payable monthly. In addition, effective November 1, 2009, the Fund may reimburse the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent pays to financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Funds, subject to a cap up to $22.36 per account for financial intermediaries that seek payment by the Transfer Agent on a per account basis and a cap equal to 0.15% of the Fund’s net assets represented by the account for financial intermediaries that seek payment by the Transfer Agent based on a percentage of net assets. The Fund also pays certain reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses to the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent also may retain as additional compensation for its services revenues for fees for wire, telephone and redemption orders, IRA trustee agent fees and account transcripts due the Transfer Agent from Fund shareholders and credits (net of bank charges) earned with respect to balances in accounts the Transfer Agent maintains in connection with its services to the Fund. For the period November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2009, the Fund paid the Transfer Agent an annual transfer agency fee of $17.34 per account, payable monthly. In addition, the Fund paid the Transfer Agent for the fees and expenses the Transfer Agent paid to third party dealer firms that maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund, subject to a cap equal to 0.15% of the Fund’s net assets represented by the account. For the period April 1, 2006 through October 31, 2007, the Fund paid the Transfer Agent an annual fee of $17.00 per account, payable monthly.
The Transfer Agent retains BFDS/DST, 2 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, MA 02171 as the Fund’s sub-transfer agent. BFDS/DST assists the Transfer Agent in carrying out its duties.
The Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company, which is located at State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111 is the Fund’s Custodian. As Custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company is responsible for safeguarding the Fund’s cash and securities, receiving and delivering securities and collecting the Fund’s interest and dividends.
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Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, which is located at 125 High Street, Boston MA, 02110, is the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Fund issues unaudited financial statements semi-annually and audited financial statements annually. The annual financial statements for the Fund’s fiscal year ended November 30, 2009 have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP. The Board has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Fund’s financial statements and assist in the preparation of its tax returns for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2010.
The Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the audited financial statements included in the Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders of the Fund dated November 30, 2009 are incorporated herein by reference. No other parts of the annual report or semi-annual report to shareholders are incorporated by reference herein. The financial statements incorporated by reference into the Fund’s prospectuses and this SAI have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, given on its authority as an expert in auditing and accounting.
Counsel
Ropes & Gray LLP serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Its address is One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. K&L Gates LLP serves as co-counsel. Its address is Three First National Plaza, 70 West Madison Street, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois, 60602-4207.
Distribution and Servicing Plans
The Trust has adopted distribution and shareholder servicing plans for the Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares of the Fund. See Capital Stock and Other Securities for information about which share classes are offered by the Fund. The Fund no longer accepts investments from new or existing investors in Class B shares, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. See the prospectus for Class B shares of the Fund for details.
Under the Distribution Plan, the Fund pays the Distributor a monthly service fee at an annual rate of 0.20% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributed to the Fund’s Class A, Class B and Class C shares. The Fund also pays the Distributor a monthly distribution fee at an annual rate of 0.75% of its average daily net assets attributable to Class B and Class C shares only. The Distributor has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of the distribution fee for Class C shares so that the combined distribution and service fees do not exceed 0.80% annually of the average daily net assets attributable to Class C shares. This arrangement may be modified or terminated by the Distributor at any time.
Under the shareholder servicing plan, the Board must review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts paid under the servicing agreements and the purposes for which those expenditures were made. The initial term of the shareholder servicing plan is one year and it will continue in effect from year to year after its initial one-year term provided that its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the shareholder servicing plan or in any agreement related to it. Any material amendment to the shareholder servicing plan must be approved in the same manner. The shareholder servicing plan is terminable at any time with respect to the Funds by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees. While the shareholder servicing plan is in effect, only the Independent Trustees may select and nominate any future Independent Trustees.
During the most recently completed fiscal year, the Distributor received distribution and service fees from the Fund for its services as reflected in the following chart. The Trust is not aware as to what amount, if any, of the distribution and service fees paid to the Distributor were, on a fund-by-fund basis, used for advertising, printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders; compensation to broker-dealers; compensation to sales personnel or interest, carrying or other financing charges.
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Distribution and Service Fees Paid by the Fund for the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares | Class C Shares | |||||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | ||||||||||||
Distribution Fee | — | $ | 117,698 | $ | 225,769 | |||||||
Service Fee | $ | 2,669,502 | $ | 31,386 | $ | 60,202 | ||||||
Fees Waived by the Distributor | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 45,281 |
The Distributor may use the entire amount of its fees to defray the costs of commissions and service fees paid to selling and/or servicing agents and for certain other purposes. Since the distribution and service fees are payable regardless of the Distributor’s expenses, the Distributor may realize a profit from the fees. The Distribution Plan authorizes any other payments by the Fund to the Distributor and its affiliates (including the Advisor) to the extent that such payments might be construed to be indirectly financing the distribution of the Fund’s shares.
The Trustees believe the Distribution Plan could be a significant factor in the growth and retention of the Fund’s assets resulting in more advantageous expense ratios and increased investment flexibility which could benefit each class of Fund shareholders. The Distribution Plan will continue in effect from year to year so long as continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees. The Distribution Plan may not be amended to increase the fee materially without approval by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares, and all material amendments of the Distribution Plan must be approved by the Trustees in the manner provided in the foregoing sentence. The Distribution Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of shares.
The Advisor has voluntarily agreed to reimburse a portion of the Fund’s expenses so that the Fund’s ordinary operating expenses (excluding any distribution and service fees, brokerage commissions, interest, taxes and extraordinary expenses, but including custodian charges relating to overdrafts, if any), after giving effect to any balance credits from the Fund’s custodian, do not exceed 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets on an annualized basis.
This arrangement may be modified or terminated by the Advisor at any time.
The Fund, the Advisor and the Distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act, including Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. These Codes of Ethics permit personnel subject to the Codes of Ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be bought or held by the Fund. These Codes of Ethics are included as exhibits to Part C of the Fund’s registration statement. These Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room and may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202.551.8090; they also are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, and may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Fund has delegated to the Advisor or, as applicable, a sub-advisor, the responsibility to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund. In deciding to delegate this responsibility to the Advisor, the Board reviewed and approved the policies and procedures adopted by the Advisor and, as applicable, a sub-advisor. These included the procedures that the Advisor follows when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the Fund and its shareholders and the Advisor, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons.
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The Advisor’s policy is to vote all proxies for Fund securities in a manner considered by the Advisor to be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders without regard to any benefit to the Advisor, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Advisor examines each proposal and votes against the proposal, if, in its judgment, approval or adoption of the proposal would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities. The Advisor also examines each proposal and votes the proxies against the proposal, if, in its judgment, the proposal would be expected to affect adversely the best interest of the Fund. The Advisor determines the best interest of the Fund in light of the potential economic return on the Fund’s investment.
The Advisor seeks to address potential material conflicts of interest by having predetermined voting guidelines. For those proposals that require special consideration or in instances where special circumstances may require varying from the predetermined guideline, the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Committee determines the vote in the best interest of the Fund, without consideration of any benefit to the Advisor, its affiliates, its other clients or other persons. The Advisor’s Proxy Voting Committee is composed of representatives of the Advisor’s equity investments, equity research, compliance, legal and operations functions. In addition to the responsibilities described above, the Proxy Voting Committee has the responsibility to review, at least annually, the Advisor’s proxy voting policies to ensure consistency with internal policies and regulatory requirements and to develop additional predetermined voting guidelines to assist in the review of proxy proposals.
The Proxy Voting Committee may vary from a predetermined guideline if it determines that voting on the proposal according to the predetermined guideline would be expected to have an adverse impact on the current or potential market value of the issuer’s securities or to affect adversely the best interest of the Fund. References to the best interests of the Fund refer to the interest of the Fund in terms of the potential economic return on the client’s investment. In determining the vote on any proposal, the Proxy Voting Committee does not consider any benefit other than benefits to the Fund. A member of the Proxy Voting Committee is prohibited from voting on any proposal for which he or she has a conflict of interest by reason of a direct relationship with the issuer or other party affected by a given proposal. Persons making recommendations to the Proxy Voting Committee or its members are required to disclose to the Committee any relationship with a party making a proposal or other matter known to the person that would create a potential conflict of interest.
The Advisor has retained Glass-Lewis & Co., a third-party vendor, to implement its proxy voting process. Glass-Lewis & Co. provides proxy analysis, record keeping services and vote disclosure services.
Information regarding how the Columbia Funds (except certain Columbia Funds that do not invest in voting securities) voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve month period ended June 30 will be available by August 31 of this year free of charge: (i) through the Columbia Funds’ website at www.columbiafunds.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. For a copy of the Advisor’s policies and procedures that are used to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Columbia Funds, see Appendix B to this SAI.
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Responsibilities
The Board oversees the Trust and the Fund. The Trustees have a fiduciary duty to protect shareholders’ interests when supervising and overseeing the management and operations of the Trust and have the responsibility to assure that the Funds are managed in the best interests of shareholders. The following table provides basic information about the Trustees as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. The mailing address of each Trustee is: c/o Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, One Financial Center, Mail Stop MA5-515-11-05, Boston, MA 02111.
Independent Trustee Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth | Year First Appointed or Elected to a Board in the Columbia Funds Complex | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
Rodman L. Drake (Born 1943) Trustee and Chairman of the Board* | 2007 | Co-Founder of Baringo Capital LLC (private equity) since 2002; President, Continuation Investments Group, Inc. from 1997 to 2001 | 66 | Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. (tax preparation services); Crystal River Capital, Inc. (real estate investment trust); Student Loan Corporation (student loan provider); Celgene Corporation (global biotechnology company); and The Helios Funds (exchange-traded funds) | ||||
John D. Collins (Born 1938) Trustee | 2007 | Retired. Consultant, KPMG, LLP (accounting and tax firm) from July 1999 to June 2000; Partner, KPMG, LLP (accounting and tax firm) from March 1962 to June 1999 | 66 | Mrs. Fields Famous Brands LLC (consumer products); Suburban Propane Partners, L.P.; and Montpelier Re (insurance underwriting firm) |
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Name, Year of Birth | Year First Appointed or Elected to a Board in the Columbia Funds Complex | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
Douglas A. Hacker (Born 1955) Trustee | 1996 | Independent business executive since May 2006; Executive Vice President — Strategy of United Airlines (airline) from December 2002 to May 2006; President, UAL Loyalty Services (airline marketing company) from September 2001 to December 2002; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, United Airlines from July 1999 to September 2001 | 66 | Nash Finch Company (food distributor) and Aircastle Limited (aircraft leasing) | ||||
Janet Langford Kelly (Born 1957) Trustee | 1996 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, ConocoPhillips (integrated energy company) since September 2007; Deputy General Counsel — Corporate Legal Services, ConocoPhillips from August 2006 to August 2007; Partner, Zelle, Hofmann, Voelbel, Mason & Gette LLP (law firm) from March 2005 to July 2006; Adjunct Professor of Law, Northwestern University from September 2004 to June 2006; Director, UAL Corporation (airline) from February 2006 to July 2006; Chief Administrative Officer and Senior Vice President, Kmart Holding Corporation (consumer goods) from September 2003 to March 2004 | 66 | None |
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Name, Year of Birth | Year First Appointed or Elected to a Board in the Columbia Funds Complex | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
Charles R. Nelson (Born 1942) Trustee | 1981 | Professor of Economics, University of Washington since January 1976; Ford and Louisa University of Washington Van Voorhis Professor of Political Economy, University of Washington since September 1993; Adjunct Professor of Statistics, University of Washington since September 1980; Associate Editor, Journal of Money Credit and Banking from September 1993 to 2008; consultant on econometric and statistical matters | 66 | None | ||||
John J. Neuhauser (Born 1943) Trustee | 1985 | President, Saint Michael’s College, since August 2007; University Professor, Boston College from November 2005 to August 2007; Academic Vice President and Dean of Faculties, Boston College from August 1999 to October 2005 | 66 | Liberty All-Star Equity Fund and Liberty All-Star Growth Fund, Inc. (closed-end funds) |
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Name, Year of Birth | Year First Appointed or Elected to a Board in the Columbia Funds Complex | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
Jonathan Piel (Born 1938) Trustee | 2007 | Cable television producer and web site designer; The Editor, Scientific American, Inc. from 1984 to 1994; Vice President, Scientific American, Inc. from 1984 to 1994; Member, Advisory Board, Stone Age Institute, Bloomington, Indiana (research institute that explores the effect of technology on human evolution); Member, Board of Directors of the National Institute of Social Sciences, New York City; Member, Board of Trustees of the William Alanson White Institute, New York City (institution for training psychoanalysts); Member, Advisory Board, Mount Sinai Children’s Environmental Health Center, New York | 66 | None | ||||
Patrick J. Simpson (Born 1944) Trustee | 2000 | Partner, Perkins Coie L.L.P. (law firm) | 66 | None |
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Name, Year of Birth | Year First Appointed or Elected to a Board in the Columbia Funds Complex | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of | �� | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | |||
Anne-Lee Verville (Born 1945) Trustee | 1998 | Retired since 1997 (formerly, General Manager, Global Education Industry from 1994 to 1997, President — Application Systems Division from 1991 to 1994, Chief Financial Officer — US Marketing & Services from 1988 to 1991, and Chief Information Officer from 1987 to 1988, IBM Corporation (computer and technology)) | 66 | None |
Interested Trustee Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth and Position Held with the Trust | Year First Appointed or Elected to a Board in the Columbia Funds Complex | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | Number of Funds in the Columbia Funds Complex Overseen | Other Directorships Held by Trustee | ||||
William E. Mayer** (Born 1940) Trustee | 1991 | Partner, Park Avenue Equity Partners (private equity) since February 1999; Dean and Professor, College of Business, University of Maryland from 1992 to 1997 | 66 | Lee Enterprises (print media), WR Hambrecht + Co. (financial service provider) and BlackRock Kelso Capital Corporation (investment company) |
* | Effective June 12, 2009, the Board elected Mr. Drake as Chairman of the Board. |
** | The Fund currently treats Mr. Mayer as an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Columbia Funds by reason of his affiliation with WR Hambrecht + Co., a registered broker/dealer that may execute portfolio transactions for or engage in principal transactions with the Fund or other funds or accounts advised/managed by the Advisor or other Bank of America affiliates. |
Standing Committees
The Trust has several standing committees, including the Audit Committee, the Governance Committee, the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee, the Compliance Committee and the Investment Oversight Committees.
Ms. Verville and Messrs. Collins, Hacker and Nelson are members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee’s functions include making recommendations to the Board regarding the selection and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviewing matters relative to accounting and auditing practices and procedures, accounting records and the internal accounting controls of the Funds and certain service providers. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Audit Committee met seven times.
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Messrs. Drake, Hacker, Mayer and Simpson are members of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee’s functions include recommending to the Board nominees for independent Trustee positions and for appointments to various committees, performing periodic evaluations of the effectiveness of the Board, reviewing and recommending to the Board policies and practices to be followed in carrying out the Trustees’ duties and responsibilities and reviewing and making recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of the Trustees who are not affiliated with the Advisor. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Governance Committee met six times.
The Governance Committee will consider nominees for Trustee recommended by shareholders provided that such recommendations are submitted by the date disclosed in the Fund’s proxy statement and otherwise comply with applicable securities laws, including Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act. Such shareholder recommendations must be in writing and should be sent to the attention of the Governance Committee in care of the Fund at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111-2621. Shareholder recommendations should include the proposed nominee’s biographical information (including business experience for the past ten years) and a description of the qualifications of the proposed nominee, along with a statement from the proposed nominee that he or she is willing to serve and meets the requirements to be a disinterested Trustee, if applicable.
Ms. Kelly and Messrs. Hacker, Mayer, Nelson, Neuhauser and Piel are members of the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee. The Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee’s functions include reviewing and making recommendations to the Board as to contracts requiring approval of a majority of the Independent Trustees and as to any other contracts that may be referred to the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee by the Board. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Advisory Fees & Expenses Committee met eight times.
Mses. Kelly and Verville, and Messrs. Nelson and Simpson are members of the Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committee’s functions include providing oversight of the compliance monitoring processes and controls regarding the Funds. The Committee uses legal, regulatory and internal rules, policies, procedures and standards other than those relating to accounting matters and oversight of compliance by the Advisor, Distributor and Transfer Agent. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Compliance Committee met nine times.
Each Trustee also serves on an Investment Oversight Committee (IOC). Each IOC is responsible for monitoring, on an ongoing basis, a select group of funds in the Columbia Funds Complex and gives particular consideration to such matters as the Fund’s adherence to its investment mandates, historical performance, changes in investment processes and personnel, and proposed changes to investment objectives. Investment personnel who manage the Fund attend IOC meetings from time to time to assist the applicable IOC in its review of the Fund. Each IOC meets four times a year, as the applicable IOC did for the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year. The below are members of the respective IOCs and the general categories of funds in the Columbia Funds Complex which they review. These asset categories may be reallocated among the IOCs from time to time.
IOC #1: Mr. Neuhauser and Ms. Verville are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Global Stock, International Stock, Large Growth, Mid Value, Fixed Income — Core and Municipal.
IOC #2: Messrs. Collins, Hacker and Mayer are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Large Value, Small Growth, Specialty, Fixed Income — High Yield, Multi-Sector and Municipal.
IOC #3: Mr. Piel and Ms. Kelly are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Asset Allocation, Index, Large Value, Mid Value, Small Core, Small Value, Money Market, Fixed Income — Municipal and Short Duration.
IOC #4: Messrs. Drake, Nelson and Simpson are responsible for reviewing funds in the following asset categories: Asset Allocation, Large Blend, Mid Growth, Multi Blend, Small Growth, Specialty, Fixed Income — Core, Municipal and Short Duration.
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Compensation
Trustees are compensated for their services to the Columbia Funds Family on a complex-wide basis, as shown in the table below.
Independent Trustee Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009 and the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from the Fund for the Fiscal Year ended November 30, 2009(a) | Total Compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex Paid to Independent Trustees for the Calendar Year ended December 31, 2009(a) | ||||||
Rodman L. Drake(b) | $ | 275,955 | $ | 12,433 | ||||
John D. Collins(c) | $ | 226,990 | $ | 9,883 | ||||
Douglas A. Hacker | $ | 251,005 | $ | 10,751 | ||||
Janet Langford Kelly | $ | 234,000 | $ | 10,433 | ||||
Charles R. Nelson | $ | 249,500 | $ | 10,954 | ||||
John J. Neuhauser | $ | 233,500 | $ | 10,245 | ||||
Jonathan Piel | $ | 218,500 | $ | 9,545 | ||||
Patrick J. Simpson(d) | $ | 236,000 | $ | 10,372 | ||||
Thomas C. Theobald(e)(f) | $ | 248,550 | $ | 11,421 | ||||
Anne-Lee Verville(g) | $ | 244,000 | $ | 10,740 |
(a) | All Trustees receive reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to their attendance at meetings of the Board, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
(b) | During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, Mr. Drake deferred $4,853 of his compensation from the Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Drake deferred $116,500 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Drake’s account under the plan was $233,507. |
(c) | During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, Mr. Collins deferred $4,671 of his compensation from the Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Collins deferred $116,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Collins’ account under the plan was $205,097. |
(d) | During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, Mr. Simpson deferred $10,372 of his compensation from the Fund. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Simpson deferred $236,000 of his total compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Simpson’s account under the plan was $1,051,968. |
(e) | At December 31, 2009, the value of Mr. Theobald’s account under the deferred compensation plan was $679,903. |
(f) | Mr. Theobald served as a Trustee of the Trust until February 2010. |
(g) | At December 31, 2009, the value of Ms. Verville’s account under the plan was $679,903. |
Interested Trustee Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009 and the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from the Fund for the Fiscal Year ended November 30, 2009(a) | Total Compensation from the Columbia Funds Complex Paid to Independent Trustees for the Calendar Year ended December 31, 2009(a) | ||||||
William E. Mayer | $ | 233,500 | $ | 10,221 |
(a) | Mr. Mayer receives reimbursements for reasonable expenses related to his attendance at meetings of the Board or standing committees, which are not included in the amounts shown. |
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Columbia Funds Deferred Compensation Plan
Under the terms of the Deferred Fee Agreement (the Deferred Compensation Plan), each eligible Trustee may elect, on an annual basis, to defer receipt of all or a portion of compensation payable to him or her for service as Trustee for that calendar year (expressly, a Trustee may elect to defer his/her annual retainer, his/her attendance fees, or both components, which together comprise total compensation for service). Fees deferred by a Trustee are credited to a book reserve account (the Deferral Account), established by the Columbia Funds, the value of which is derived from the rate of return of one or more Columbia Funds selected by the Trustee (with accruals to the Deferral Account beginning at such time as a Trustee’s fund elections having been established, and proceeds for service having been paid into such account, and terminating at such time as when proceeds become payable to such Trustee under the Deferred Compensation Plan). Trustees may change their fund elections only in accordance with the provisions of the Deferred Compensation Plan.
Distributions from a Trustee’s Deferral Account will be paid by check, either in a lump sum or in annual installments. Payments made in annual installments are disbursed over a period of up to ten years, following such time as a Trustee may qualify to receive such payments. If a deferring Trustee dies prior to or after the commencement of the disbursement of amounts accrued in his/her Deferral Account, the balance of the account will be distributed to his/her designated beneficiary either in lump sum or in annual payments as established by such Trustee himself/herself, his/her beneficiary or his/her estate. Amounts payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan are not funded or secured in any way, and each deferring Trustee has the status of an unsecured creditor of the Columbia Fund(s) from which compensation has been deferred.
Beneficial Equity Ownership
As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of each class of shares of the Fund. The table below shows, for each Trustee, the amount of Fund equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustee and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of the Columbia Funds Family, stated as one of the following ranges: A = $0; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
Independent Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family Overseen by the Trustee | ||||||
Rodman L. Drake | B | E* | ||||||
John D. Collins | A | E* | ||||||
Douglas A. Hacker | A | E | ||||||
Janet Langford Kelly | A | E | ||||||
Charles R. Nelson | A | E | ||||||
John J. Neuhauser | A | E | ||||||
Jonathan Piel | A | A | ||||||
Patrick J. Simpson | A | E* | ||||||
Anne-Lee Verville | A | E* |
* | Includes the value of compensation payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan that is determined as if the amounts deferred had been invested, as of the date of deferral, in shares of one or more funds in the Columbia Funds Complex as specified by each Trustee. |
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Interested Trustee Ownership for the Calendar Year Ended December 31, 2009
Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Funds in the Columbia Funds Family | ||||||
William E. Mayer | A | A |
The following table provides basic information about the Officers of the Trust as of the date of this SAI, including their principal occupations during the past five years, although their specific titles may have varied over the period. The mailing address of each Officer is: c/o Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, One Financial Center, Mail Stop MA5-515-11-05, Boston, MA 02111.
Officer Biographical Information
Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust | Year First | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
J. Kevin Connaughton (Born 1964) | President | 2009 | Managing Director of Columbia Management Advisors, LLC since December 2004; Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Columbia Funds, from June 2008 to January 2009; Treasurer, Columbia Funds, from October 2003 to May 2008; Treasurer, the Liberty Funds, Stein Roe Funds and Liberty All-Star Funds, from December 2000 to December 2006; Senior Vice President, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, from April 2003 to December 2004; President, Columbia Funds, Liberty Funds and Stein Roe Funds, from February 2004 to October 2004; Treasurer, Galaxy Funds, from September 2002 to December 2005; Treasurer, from December 2002 to December 2004, and President, from February 2004 to December 2004, Columbia Management Multi-Strategy Hedge Fund, LLC and a senior officer or director of various other Bank of America-affiliated entities, including other registered and unregistered funds. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust | Year First | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
James R. Bordewick, Jr. (Born 1959) | Senior Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer | 2006 | Associate General Counsel, Bank of America since April 2005; Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel, MFS Investment Management (investment management) prior to April 2005. | |||
Linda J. Wondrack (Born 1964) | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | 2007 | Director (Columbia Management Group, LLC and Investment Product Group Compliance), Bank of America since June 2005; Director of Corporate Compliance and Conflicts Officer, MFS Investment Management (investment management), from August 2004 to May 2005; Managing Director, Deutsche Asset Management (investment management) prior to August 2004. | |||
Michael G. Clarke (Born 1969) | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 2009 | Director of Fund Administration of the Advisor since January 2006; Managing Director of the Advisor, from September 2004 to December 2005; Vice President Fund Administration of the Advisor from June 2002 to September 2004. | |||
Joseph F. DiMaria (Born 1968) | Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer | 2008 | Director of Fund Administration of the Advisor since January 2006; Head of Tax/Compliance and Assistant Treasurer of the Advisor from November 2004 to December 2005; Director of Trustee Administration of the Advisor (Sarbanes-Oxley) from May 2003 to October 2004. | |||
Stephen T. Welsh (Born 1957) | Vice President | 1996 | President and Director, Columbia Management Services, Inc. since July 2004; Managing Director, Columbia Management Distributors, Inc. since August 2007; Senior Vice President and Controller, Columbia Management Services, Inc. prior to July 2004. |
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Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust | Year First | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years | |||
Julie B. Lyman (Born 1970) | Vice President | 2009 | Assistant General Counsel, Bank of America since October 2009 and from October 2006 through May 2009; Managing Director of the Advisor from May 2009 through October 2009; Associate, Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Nicholson Graham LLP (law firm) from April 2004 through October 2006. | |||
Jeffrey R. Coleman (Born 1969) | Deputy Treasurer | 2006 | Director of Fund Administration of the Advisor since January 2006; Fund Controller of the Advisor from October 2004 to January 2006. | |||
Julian Quero (Born 1967) | Deputy Treasurer | 2003 | Senior Tax Manager of the Advisor since August 2006; Senior Compliance Manager of the Advisor from April 2002 to August 2006. | |||
Timothy P. Kane (Born 1974) | Assistant Treasurer | 2008 | Head of Valuation of the Advisor since July 2007; Manager, Accounting Oversight Department of the Advisor since September 2004. | |||
Kenneth E. O’Connor (Born 1970) | Assistant Treasurer | 2008 | Head of Mutual Fund Performance of the Advisor since September 2006; Senior Manager, Mutual Fund Performance of the Advisor from 2003 to September 2006. | |||
Kathryn Thompson (Born 1967) | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Accounting Oversight of the Advisor since December 2004. | |||
Philip N. Prefontaine (Born 1948) | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Reporting of the Advisor since November 2004. | |||
Keith E. Stone (Born 1974) | Assistant Treasurer | 2006 | Vice President, Trustee Reporting of the Advisor since September 2003. | |||
Barry S. Vallan (Born 1969) | Controller | 2006 | Vice President, Fund Treasury of the Advisor since October 2004. | |||
Peter T. Fariel (Born 1957) | Assistant Secretary | 2006 | Associate General Counsel, Bank of America since April 2005; Partner, Goodwin Procter LLP (law firm) prior to April 2005. | |||
Ryan C. Larrenaga (Born 1970) | Assistant Secretary | 2005 | Assistant General Counsel, Bank of America since March 2005; Associate, Ropes & Gray LLP (law firm) from 1998 to February 2005. |
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
General Brokerage Policy, Brokerage Transactions and Broker Selection
Subject to policies established by the Board, the Advisor (or the investment sub-advisor(s) who make(s) the day-to-day investment decisions for the Fund, as applicable) is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, for the selection of broker/dealers, for the execution of the Fund’s securities transactions and for the allocation of brokerage commissions in connection with such transactions. The Advisor’s primary consideration in effecting a security transaction is to obtain the best net price and the most favorable execution of the order. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected through brokers who charge negotiated commissions for their services. Orders may be directed to any broker to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law.
In the over-the-counter market, securities generally are traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principals for their own accounts without stated commissions, although the price of a security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are bought at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s “concession” or “discount.” On occasion, certain money market instruments may be bought directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
The Fund is affiliated with the NYSE specialist firm Banc of America Specialist, Inc. In order to ensure that markets are fair, orderly and competitive, NYSE specialist firms are responsible for maintaining a liquid and continuous two-sided auction market by acting as both an agent and a principal. Specialists are entrusted to hold the interests of customer orders above the specialist’s own interests, and will buy and sell securities as principal when such transactions are necessary to minimize imbalances between supply and demand. Banc of America Specialist, Inc. may make a market in certain securities held by the Fund.
In placing orders for portfolio securities of the Fund, the Advisor gives primary consideration to obtaining the best net prices and most favorable execution. This means that the Advisor will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. In seeking such execution, the Advisor will use its best judgment in evaluating the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including, without limitation, the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security, the confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker/dealer, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the broker/dealer, the value and quality of the services rendered by the broker/dealer in this instance and other transactions and the reasonableness of the spread or commission, if any. Research services received from broker/ dealers supplement the Advisor’s own research and may include the following types of information: statistical and background information on industry groups and individual companies; forecasts and interpretations with respect to U.S. and foreign economies, securities, markets, specific industry groups and individual companies; information on political developments; Fund management strategies; performance information on securities and information concerning prices of securities; and information supplied by specialized services to the Advisor and to the Board with respect to the performance, investment activities and fees and expenses of other mutual funds. Such information may be communicated electronically, orally or in written form. Research services also may include the arranging of meetings with management of companies and the provision of access to consultants who supply research information.
The outside research is useful to the Advisor since, in certain instances, the broker/dealers utilized by the Advisor may follow a different universe of securities issuers and other matters than those that the Advisor’s staff can follow. In addition, this research provides the Advisor with a different perspective on financial markets, even if the securities research obtained relates to issues followed by the Advisor. Research services that are provided to the Advisor by broker/dealers are available for the benefit of all accounts managed or advised by the Advisor. In some cases, the research services are available only from the broker/dealer providing such services. In other
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cases, the research services may be obtainable from alternative sources. The Advisor is of the opinion that because the broker/dealer research supplements rather than replaces the Advisor’s own research, the receipt of such research does not tend to decrease the Advisor’s expenses, but tends to improve the quality of its investment advice. However, to the extent that the Advisor would have bought any such research services had such services not been provided by broker/dealers, the expenses of such services to the Advisor could be considered to have been reduced accordingly. Certain research services furnished by broker/dealers may be useful to the clients of the Advisor other than the Fund. Conversely, any research services received by the Advisor through the placement of transactions of other clients may be of value to the Advisor in fulfilling its obligations to the Fund. The Advisor is of the opinion that this material is beneficial in supplementing its research and analysis; and, therefore, it may benefit the Trust by improving the quality of the Advisor’s investment advice. The advisory fees paid by the Trust are not reduced because the Advisor receives such services.
Under Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Advisor shall not be “deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached its fiduciary duty” solely because under certain circumstances it has caused the account to pay a higher commission than the lowest available. To obtain the benefit of Section 28(e), the Advisor must make a good faith determination that the commissions paid are “reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such member, broker, or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or his overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts as to which he exercises investment discretion.” Accordingly, the price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable than that available from another broker/dealer if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered. Some broker/ dealers may indicate that the provision of research services is dependent upon the generation of certain specified levels of commissions and underwriting concessions by the Advisor’s clients, including the Fund.
Commission rates are established pursuant to negotiations with broker/dealers based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by broker/dealers in light of generally prevailing rates. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different broker/dealers. Transactions on foreign stock exchanges involve payment of brokerage commissions that generally are fixed. Transactions in both foreign and domestic over-the-counter markets generally are principal transactions with dealers, and the costs of such transactions involve dealer spreads rather than brokerage commissions. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Advisor, where possible, will deal directly with dealers who make a market in the securities involved, except in those circumstances in which better prices and execution are available elsewhere.
In certain instances there may be securities that are suitable for the Fund as well as for one or more of the other clients of the Advisor. Investment decisions for the Fund and for the Advisor’s other clients are made with the goal of achieving their respective investment objectives. A particular security may be bought or sold for only one client even though it may be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when a number of accounts receive investment advice from the same investment advisor, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are engaged simultaneously in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. In some cases, this policy could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security in a particular transaction that may affect the Fund.
The Fund may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. The Fund will engage in this practice, however, only when the Advisor, in its sole discretion, believes such practice to be otherwise in the Fund’s interests.
The Trust will not execute portfolio transactions through, or buy or sell portfolio securities from or to, the Distributor, the Advisor, the Administrator or their affiliates acting as principal (including repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements), except to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or order. However, the Advisor is authorized to allocate buy and sell orders for portfolio securities to certain broker/dealers and financial
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institutions, including, in the case of agency transactions, broker/dealers and financial institutions that are affiliated with Bank of America. To the extent that the Fund executes any securities trades with an affiliate of Bank of America, the Fund does so in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and the procedures that the Fund has adopted pursuant to the rule. In this regard, for each transaction, the Board will determine that: (i) the transaction resulted in prices for and execution of securities transactions at least as favorable to the particular Fund as those likely to be derived from a non-affiliated qualified broker/dealer; (ii) the affiliated broker/dealer charged the Fund commission rates consistent with those charged by the affiliated broker/dealer in similar transactions to clients comparable to the Fund and that are not affiliated with the broker/dealer in question; and (iii) the fees, commissions or other remuneration paid by the Fund did not exceed 2% of the sales price of the securities if the sale was effected in connection with a secondary distribution, or 1 % of the purchase or sale price of such securities if effected in other than a secondary distribution. In addition, the Columbia Funds are affiliated with BAS, Merrill Lynch and their affiliates (including MLPF&S, Merrill Lynch Government Securities, Inc. and Merrill Lynch Money Markets Inc.) and may, pursuant to conditions prescribed by the SEC and applicable law (i) purchase certain types of securities from such entities in their role as dealers in such securities and (ii) purchase certain eligible municipal securities through group orders when MLPF&S is a member of an underwriting syndicate for such securities.
Certain affiliates of Bank of America, such as its subsidiary banks, may have deposit, loan or commercial banking relationships with the corporate users of facilities financed by industrial development revenue bonds or private activity bonds bought by certain of the Columbia Funds. Bank of America or certain of its affiliates may serve as trustee, custodian, tender agent, guarantor, placement agent, underwriter, or in some other capacity, with respect to certain issues of securities. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may buy securities from a member of an underwriting syndicate in which an affiliate of Bank of America is a member. The Trust has adopted procedures pursuant to Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act, and intends to comply with the requirements of Rule 10f-3, in connection with any purchases of municipal securities that may be subject to Rule 10f-3.
Given the breadth of the Advisor’s investment management activities, investment decisions for the Fund are not always made independently from those for other funds, or other investment companies and accounts advised or managed by the Advisor. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on behalf of one or more of the Columbia Funds and another investment portfolio, investment company or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price and available investments allocated as to amount in a manner which the Advisor believes to be equitable to the Fund and such other funds, investment portfolio, investment company or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Advisor may aggregate the securities to be sold or bought for the Fund with those to be sold or bought for other funds, investment portfolios, investment companies, or accounts in executing transactions.
See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information about these and other conflicts of interest.
The following table describes the amounts of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund during its three most recently completed fiscal years. In certain instances the Fund may pay brokerage commissions to broker/dealers that are affiliates of Bank of America. As indicated above, all such transactions involving the payment of brokerage commissions to affiliates are done in compliance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act.
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid by the Fund
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2008 | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2007 | |||||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | $ | 0 | $ | 32,513 | $ | 0 |
The Fund did not pay brokerage commissions to affiliated broker/dealers for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
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The Fund or the Advisor, through an agreement or understanding with a broker/dealer, or otherwise through an internal allocation procedure, may direct, subject to applicable legal requirements, the Fund’s brokerage transactions to a broker/dealer because of the research services it provides the Fund or the Advisor.
During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Fund did not direct brokerage transactions.
Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers
In certain cases, the Fund, as part of its principal investment strategies, or otherwise as a permissible investment, will invest in the common stock or debt obligations of the regular broker/dealers that the Advisor uses to transact brokerage for the Columbia Funds Family.
As of November 30, 2009, the Fund owned securities of its “regular brokers or dealers” or their parents, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, as shown in the table below.
Investments in Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers as of November 30, 2009
Fund | Broker/ Dealer | Dollar Amount of Securities Held | ||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | None | None |
Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments
The Fund, along with the Transfer Agent and/or the Distributor may pay significant amounts to financial intermediaries (as defined below), including other Bank of America affiliates, for providing the types of services that would typically be provided directly by a mutual fund’s transfer agent. The level of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. A number of factors may be considered in determining payments to a financial intermediary, including, without limitation, the nature of the services provided to shareholders or retirement plan participants that invest in the Fund through retirement plans. These services may include sub-accounting, sub-transfer agency or similar recordkeeping services, shareholder or participant reporting, shareholder or participant transaction processing, and/or the provision of call center support (additional shareholder services). These payments for shareholder servicing support vary by financial intermediary but generally are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.40% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan, and 0.45% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares in the program on an annual basis for those classes of shares that do not pay a service fee pursuant to a Rule 12b-1 Plan. The Board has authorized the Fund to pay up to 0.15% of the average aggregate value of the Fund’s shares. Such payments will be made by the Fund to the Transfer Agent who will in turn make payments to the financial intermediary for the provision of such additional shareholder services. The Fund’s Transfer Agent, Distributor or their affiliates will pay, from its or their own resources, amounts in excess of the amount paid by the Fund to financial intermediaries in connection with the provision of these additional shareholder services and other services.
For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates.
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The Fund also may make additional payments to financial intermediaries that charge networking fees for certain services provided in connection with the maintenance of shareholder accounts through the NSCC.
In addition, the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may make lump sum payments to selected financial intermediaries receiving shareholder servicing payments in reimbursement of printing costs for literature for participants, account maintenance fees or fees for establishment of the Fund on the financial intermediary’s system or other similar services.
As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates had agreed to make shareholder servicing payments to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
Recipients of Shareholder Servicing Payments from the Distributor and/or other Bank of America Affiliates
• | Acclaim Benefits, Inc. |
• | A.G. Edwards |
• | Alerus Retirement Solutions |
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. |
• | Bank of America, N.A.* |
• | Benefit Plan Administrators |
• | Bisys Retirement Services |
• | Charles Schwab & Co. |
• | Charles Schwab Trust Co. |
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
• | CitiStreet LLC |
• | City National Bank |
• | Compensation & Capital Administrative Services, Inc. |
• | CPI Qualified Plan Consultants |
• | Daily Access Concepts, Inc. |
• | Digital Retirement Solutions |
• | Dreyfus |
• | Edward D. Jones & Co., L.P. |
• | E*Trade Group, Inc. |
• | ExpertPlan |
• | Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Co. |
• | First Clearing LLC |
• | Genworth Financial |
• | GPC Securities, Inc.* |
• | Guardian Life Insurance Company |
• | GWFS Equities, Inc. |
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• | Hartford Life Insurance Company |
• | Hewitt Associates LLC |
• | ICMA Retirement Corporation |
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company |
• | ING Institutional Plan Services, LLP |
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company (USA) |
• | John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York |
• | JP Morgan Retirement Plan Services LLC |
• | Lincoln Financial Group |
• | LPL Financial Corporation |
• | Marshall & Ilsley Trust Company |
• | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company |
• | Matrix Settlement & Clearance Services |
• | Mercer HR Services, LLC |
• | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company |
• | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated* |
• | Mid Atlantic Capital Corporation |
• | Morgan Keegan & Co., Inc. |
• | Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated |
• | MSCS Financial Services, LLC |
• | National Investor Services Corp. |
• | Newport Retirement Services, Inc. |
• | New York State Deferred Compensation Plan |
• | NYLife Distributors LLC |
• | PNC Advisors |
• | Princeton Retirement Group |
• | Principal Life Insurance Company |
• | Prudential Insurance Company of America |
• | Prudential Retirement Insurance & Annuity Co. |
• | Reliance Trust Company |
• | Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc. |
• | Royal Alliance Associates, Inc. |
• | Standard Retirement Services, Inc. |
• | TD Ameritrade Clearing Inc. |
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• | TD Ameritrade Trust Company |
• | Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America |
• | The 401k Company |
• | T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
• | The Vanguard Group, Inc. |
• | Unified Trust Company, N.A. |
• | UPromise Investments, Inc. |
• | VALIC Retirement Services |
• | Wachovia Bank, N.A. |
• | Wachovia Securities, LLC |
• | Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. |
• | Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC |
• | Wilmington Trust Corporation |
• | Wilmington Trust Retirement & Institutional Services Company |
* | Bank of America affiliate. |
The Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
Additional Financial Intermediary Payments
Financial intermediaries may receive different commissions, sales charge reallowances and other payments with respect to sales of different classes of shares of the Fund. These other payments may include servicing payments to retirement plan administrators and other institutions at rates up to those described above under Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. For purposes of this section the term “financial intermediary” includes any broker/dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan or other third party administrator and any other institution having a selling, services or any similar agreement with the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates.
The Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may pay compensation to selected financial intermediaries, including other Bank of America affiliates, under the categories described below. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and a single financial intermediary may receive payments under all categories. A financial intermediary also may receive payments described above in Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices — Additional Shareholder Servicing Payments. These payments may create an incentive for a financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the Fund to its customers. The amount of payments made to financial intermediaries may vary. In determining the amount of payments to be made, the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may consider a number of factors, including, without limitation, asset mix and length of relationship with the financial intermediary, the size of the customer/ shareholder base of the financial intermediary, the manner in which customers of the financial intermediary make investments in the Fund, the nature and scope of marketing support or services provided by the financial intermediary (as described more fully below) and the costs incurred by the financial intermediary in connection with maintaining the infrastructure necessary or desirable to support investments in the Fund.
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These additional payments by the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates are made pursuant to agreements between the Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates and financial intermediaries, and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a share, the amount the Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales or the distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund as shown under the heading Fees and Expenses of the Fund in the Fund’s prospectuses.
Marketing Support Payments
The Distributor and the Advisor may make payments, from their own resources, to certain financial intermediaries, including other Bank of America affiliates, for marketing support services relating to the Columbia Funds, including, but not limited to, business planning assistance, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the financial intermediary’s preferred or recommended fund list or otherwise identifying the Fund as being part of a complex to be accorded a higher degree of marketing support than complexes not making such payments, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the financial intermediary, client servicing and systems infrastructure support. These payments are generally based upon one or more of the following factors: average net assets of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, gross sales of the Columbia Funds distributed by the Distributor attributable to that financial intermediary, reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a financial intermediary firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in fund shares) or a negotiated lump sum payment.
While the financial arrangements may vary for each financial intermediary, the marketing support payments to each financial intermediary generally are expected to be between 0.05% and 0.50% (between 0.03% and 0.12% in the case of the Money Market Funds) on an annual basis for payments based on average net assets of the Columbia Funds attributable to the financial intermediary, and between 0.05% and 0.25% on an annual basis for firms receiving a payment based on gross sales of the Columbia Funds (other than the Money Market Funds) attributable to the financial intermediary. The Distributor and other Bank of America affiliates may make payments in materially larger amounts or on a basis materially different from those described above when dealing with other affiliates of Bank of America. Such increased payments to the other Bank of America affiliate may enable the other Bank of America affiliate to offset credits that it may provide to its customers in order to avoid having such customers pay fees to multiple Bank of America entities in connection with the customer’s investment in a Columbia Fund.
As of the date of this SAI, the Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates had agreed to make marketing support payments to the financial intermediaries or their affiliates shown below.
Recipients of Marketing Support Payments from the Distributor and/or other Bank of America Affiliates
• | AIG Advisor Group |
• | Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. |
• | AXA Advisors, LLC |
• | Banc of America Investment Services, Inc.* |
• | Banc of America Securities LLC* |
• | Bank of America, N.A.* |
• | Bank of New York |
• | Citibank, N.A. |
• | Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
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• | Commonwealth Financial Network |
• | Custodial Trust Company |
• | Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc. |
• | Genworth Financial, Inc. |
• | Goldman, Sachs & Co. |
• | GunAllen Financial, Inc. |
• | Harris Corporation |
• | ING Life Insurance and Annuity Co. |
• | J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc. |
• | J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp. |
• | Liberty Life Insurance Co. |
• | Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp. |
• | Linsco/Private Ledger Corp. |
• | Mellon Financial Markets, LLC |
• | Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company |
• | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated* |
• | Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated |
• | MSCS Financial Services, LLC |
• | National Financial Services LLC |
• | Pershing LLC |
• | Prudential Investment Management Services, LLC |
• | Raymond James & Associates, Inc. |
• | Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. |
• | SEI Investments Inc. |
• | State Street Global Markets, LLC |
• | Transamerica Corporation |
• | UBS Financial Services Inc. |
• | US Bank National Association |
• | Wachovia Securities LLC |
• | Webster Investment Services, Inc. |
• | Wells Fargo Corporate Trust Services |
• | Wells Fargo Funds Management LLC |
• | Wells Fargo Investments, LLC |
* | Bank of America affiliate |
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The Distributor and/or other Bank of America affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries from time to time. Therefore, the preceding list is subject to change at any time without notice.
Other Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, from its own resources, may provide additional compensation to certain financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Fund to the extent not prohibited by laws or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Such compensation provided by the Distributor may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in and/or present at financial intermediary-sponsored conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other financial intermediary employees, financial intermediary entertainment and other financial intermediary-sponsored events, and travel expenses, including lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with prospecting, retention and due diligence trips. The Distributor makes payments for entertainment events it deems appropriate, subject to the Distributor’s internal guidelines and applicable law. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event.
Your financial intermediary may charge you fees or commissions in addition to those disclosed in this SAI. You should consult with your financial intermediary and review carefully any disclosure your financial intermediary provides regarding its services and compensation. Depending on the financial arrangement in place at any particular time, a financial intermediary and its financial consultants may have a financial incentive for recommending a particular fund or a particular share class over other funds or share classes. See Investment Advisory and Other Services — Other Roles and Relationships of Bank of America and its Affiliates — Certain Conflicts of Interest for more information.
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CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Description of the Trust’s Shares
The Fund offers shares in the classes shown in the table below. Subject to certain limited exceptions discussed in the Fund’s prospectuses, the Fund may no longer be accepting new investments from current shareholders or prospective investors. Class B shares of the Fund are closed to new investments, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. Additional Class B shares of the Fund will be issued only in connection with (i) reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions in Class B shares of the Fund by the Fund’s existing Class B shareholders and (ii) exchanges by shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Columbia Fund for Class B shares of the Fund. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Fund for details. The Fund, however, may at any time and without notice, offer any of these classes to the general public for investment.
The Trust’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (Declaration of Trust) permits it to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of the Fund, without par value, and to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of the Fund without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interests in the Fund and to divide such shares into classes. Each share of a class of the Fund represents an equal proportional interest in the Fund with each other share in the same class and is entitled to such distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the Fund as are declared in the discretion of the Board. However, different share classes of the Fund pay different distribution amounts, because each share class has different expenses. Each time a distribution is made, the net asset value per share of the share class is reduced by the amount of the distribution.
Share Classes Offered by the Fund
Fund | Class A Shares | Class B Shares* | Class C Shares | Class Z Shares | ||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | ü | ü | ü | ü |
* | Class B shares of the Fund are closed to new investments, except for certain limited transactions from existing investors in Class B shares. Additional Class B shares of the Fund will be issued only in connection with (i) reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions in Class B shares of the Fund by the Fund’s existing Class B shareholders and (ii) exchanges by shareholders invested in Class B shares of a Columbia Fund for Class B shares of the Fund. See the prospectuses for Class B shares of the Fund for details. |
Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares
There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of the Fund’s shares, other than the possible future termination of the Fund. The Fund may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or by liquidation and distribution of their assets. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, the Fund will continue indefinitely.
Liability
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Trust’s Declaration of Trust disclaims any shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Funds and the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of Fund property for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances (which are considered remote) in which the Fund would be unable to meet its obligations and the disclaimer was inoperative.
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The risk of the Fund incurring financial loss on account of another series of the Trust also is believed to be remote, because it would be limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer was inoperative and the other series of the Trust was unable to meet its obligations.
Dividend Rights
The shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared for the Fund. No shares have priority or preference over any other shares of the Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of the Fund, and will be paid pro rata to all shareholders of the Fund (or class) according to the number of shares of the Fund (or class) held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of income dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of the Fund based upon differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan.
Voting Rights and Shareholder Meetings
The Trust is not required to hold annual shareholder meetings, but special meetings may be called for certain purposes. The Trust voluntarily has undertaken to hold a shareholder meeting at which the Board would be elected at least every five years beginning in 2005. Each whole share (or fractional share) outstanding on the record date established in accordance with the Trust’s By-Laws shall be entitled to a number of votes on any matter on which it is entitled to vote equal to the net asset value of the share (or fractional share) in U.S. dollars determined at the close of business on the record date (for example, a share having a net asset value of $10.50 would be entitled to 10.5 votes).
The Trustees may fill any vacancies on the Board except that the Trustees may not fill a vacancy if, immediately after filling such vacancy, less than two-thirds of the Trustees then in office would have been elected to such office by the shareholders. In addition, at such times as less than a majority of the Trustees then in office have been elected to such office by the shareholders, the Trustees must call a meeting of shareholders. Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for the purpose. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Fund’s prospectuses and this SAI, the Trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint their successors.
At any shareholders’ meetings that may be held, shareholders of all series would vote together, irrespective of series, on the election of Trustees, but each series would vote separately from the others on other matters, such as changes in the investment policies of that series or the approval of the management agreement for that series. Shares of the Fund and any other series of the Trust that may be in existence from time to time generally vote together except when required by law to vote separately by fund or by class.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or the Fund, shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive the assets attributable to the relevant class of shares of the Fund that are available for distribution and to a distribution of any general assets not attributable to a particular investment portfolio that are available for distribution in such manner and on such basis as the Board may determine.
Preemptive Rights
There are no preemptive rights associated with Fund shares.
Conversion Rights
Shareholders have the right, which is subject to change by the Board, to convert or “exchange” shares of one class for another. Such right is outlined and subject to certain conditions set forth in the Fund’s prospectuses.
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Redemptions
The Fund’s dividend, distribution and redemption policies can be found in its prospectuses under the headings Buying, Selling and Exchanging Shares and Distributions and Taxes. However, the Board may suspend the right of shareholders to sell shares when permitted or required to do so by law or compel sales of shares in certain cases.
Sinking Fund Provisions
The Trust has no sinking fund provisions.
Calls or Assessment
All Fund shares are issued in uncertificated form only and when issued will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.
Other Securities
The Fund does not offer securities other than capital stock.
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PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
An investor may buy, sell and exchange shares in the Fund utilizing the methods, and subject to the restrictions, described in the Fund’s prospectuses. The following information supplements information in the Fund’s prospectuses.
The Fund has authorized one or more broker/dealers to accept buy and sell orders on the Fund’s behalf. These broker/dealers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept buy and sell orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a buy or sell order when an authorized broker/dealer, or, if applicable, a broker/dealer’s authorized designee, accepts the order. Customer orders will be priced at the Fund’s net asset value next computed after they are accepted by an authorized broker/dealer or the broker’s authorized designee.
The Trust also may make payment for sales in readily marketable securities or other property if it is appropriate to do so in light of the Trust’s responsibilities under the 1940 Act.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for shares during any period when (i) trading on the NYSE is restricted by applicable rules and regulations of the SEC; (ii) the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings; (iii) the SEC has by order permitted such suspension; (iv) an emergency exists as determined by the SEC. (The Fund may also suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of their shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions).
The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, as a result of which the Fund is obligated to redeem shares, subject to the exceptions listed above, with respect to any one shareholder during any 90-day period, solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of the Fund at the beginning of the period.
Tax-Advantaged Retirement Plans (Retirement Plans)
The Transfer Agent maintains prototype tax-qualified plans, including Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans, for individuals, corporations, employees and the self-employed. The minimum initial Retirement Plan investment is $1,000, applied at the plan level. BANA is the custodian/trustee and plan sponsor of the Columbia Management prototype plans offered through the Distributor. In general a $20 annual fee is charged. Participants in Retirement Plans not sponsored by BANA, not including IRAs, may be subject to an annual fee of $20 unless the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account with the Transfer Agent. Participants in BANA sponsored prototype plans (other than IRAs) who liquidate the total value of their account may also be charged a $20 close-out processing fee payable to the Transfer Agent. The close-out fee applies to plans opened after September 1, 1996. The fee is in addition to any applicable CDSC. The fee will not apply if the participant uses the proceeds to open a Columbia Management IRA Rollover account in any fund distributed by the Distributor, or if the Retirement Plan maintains an omnibus account. Consultation with a competent financial advisor regarding these Retirement Plans and consideration of the suitability of fund shares as an investment under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 or otherwise is recommended.
Front-End Sales Charge Waivers
The investors listed below can buy Class A shares or Class T shares without paying a front-end sales charge.
• | Employees of Bank of America (and its predecessors), its affiliates and subsidiaries. |
• | Trustees of funds advised or administered by the Advisor. |
• | Directors, officers and employees of the Advisor, the Distributor, and their respective successors, any investment sub-advisor and companies affiliated with the Advisor. |
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• | Insurance company separate accounts for the benefit of group retirement plans. |
• | Registered representatives and employees of selling and servicing agents (including their affiliates) that are parties to dealer agreements or other sales arrangements with the Distributor. |
• | Broker/dealers if purchases are in accordance with the internal policies and procedures of the employing broker/dealer and made for their own investment purposes. |
• | Employees or partners of any service provider to the Columbia Funds. |
• | Families of the parties listed above and their beneficial accounts. Family members include: spouses, parents, stepparents, legal guardians, children, stepchildren, fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law. |
• | Individuals receiving a distribution from a Bank of America trust, fiduciary, custodial or other similar account may use the proceeds of that distribution to buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge, as long as the proceeds are invested in the funds within 90 days of the date of distribution. |
• | Registered broker/dealer firms that have entered into a dealer agreement with the Distributor may buy Class A shares without paying a front-end sales charge for their investment account only. |
• | Banks, trust companies and thrift institutions, acting as fiduciaries. |
• | Any shareholder who owned shares of any fund of Columbia Acorn Trust (formerly named Liberty Acorn Trust) on September 29, 2000 (when all of the then outstanding shares of Columbia Acorn Trust were re-designated Class Z shares) and who since that time has remained a shareholder of any fund, may buy Class A shares of any fund without paying a front-end sales charge in those cases where a Columbia Fund Class Z share is not available. |
• | Galaxy Fund shareholders prior to December 1, 1995; and shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Prime A shares without paying a front-end sales charge and received Class A shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Prime A shares were originally bought. |
• | (For Class T shares only) Shareholders who (i) bought Galaxy Fund Retail A shares at net asset value and received Class T shares in exchange for those shares during the Galaxy/Liberty Fund reorganization; and (ii) continue to maintain the account in which the Retail A shares were originally bought; and Boston 1784 Fund shareholders on the date that those funds were reorganized into Galaxy Funds. |
• | Class A, Class E and Class T shares (Class E shares and Class T shares are not currently open to new investors) of certain funds may also be bought at reduced or no sales charge by clients of dealers, brokers or registered investment advisors that have entered into arrangements with the Distributor pursuant to which the funds are included as investment options in wrap fee accounts, other managed agency/asset allocation accounts or programs involving fee-based compensation arrangements, and by participants in certain retirement plans. |
• | Certain pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plans offered to non-U.S. investors. |
• | At the Fund’s discretion, front-end sales charges may be waived for shares issued in plans of reorganization, such as mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Columbia Funds are a party. |
Investors can also buy Class A shares without paying a sales charge if the purchase is made from the proceeds of a sale from any Columbia Fund Class A, B, C or T shares within 365 days, up to the amount of the sales proceeds. The purchase must be made into an account for the same owner but does not need to be into the same Columbia Fund from which the shares were sold. The reinstatement privilege does not apply to any shares bought through a previous reinstatement. The Transfer Agent, Distributor or their agents must receive a written reinstatement request within 365 days after the shares are sold and the purchase of Class A shares through this reinstatement privilege will be made at the NAV of such shares next calculated after the request is received in good order.
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Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class T Shares)
Shareholders won’t pay a CDSC in the following circumstances:
Death: CDSCs may be waived on sales following the death of: (i) the sole shareholder on an individual account; (ii) a joint tenant on an account; or (iii) the beneficiary of a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA), Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) or other custodial account. If the account is transferred to an account registered in the name of the deceased’s estate, the CDSC will be waived on any sale from the estate account. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then a sale is requested, the applicable CDSC will be charged.
Disability: CDSCs may be waived on sales after the sole shareholder on an individual account or a joint tenant on a joint tenant account becomes disabled (as defined by Section 72(m)(7) of the Code). To be eligible for such a waiver: (i) the disability must arise after the account is opened and (ii) a letter from a physician must be signed under penalty of perjury stating the nature of the disability. If the account is transferred to a new registration and then shares are sold, the applicable CDSC will be charged.
Death of a trustee: CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring upon dissolution of a revocable living or grantor trust following the death of the sole trustee where: (i) the grantor of the trust is the sole trustee and the sole life beneficiary, (ii) death occurs following the purchase, and (iii) the trust document provides for the dissolution of the trust upon the trustee’s death. If the account is transferred to a new registration (including that of a successor trustee), the applicable CDSC will be charged upon any subsequent sale.
Health savings accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by health savings accounts sponsored by third party platforms, including those sponsored by Bank of America affiliates.
Medical payments: Upon request by a shareholder, CDSCs may be waived on (i) shares sold for medical payments that exceed 7.5% of income and (ii) distributions made to pay for insurance by an individual who has separated from employment and who has received unemployment compensation under a federal or state program for at least twelve weeks.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): CDSCs may be waived on sales occurring pursuant to a SWP established with the Transfer Agent, to the extent that the sales do not exceed, on an annual basis, 12% of the account’s value as long as distributions are reinvested. Otherwise, a CDSC will be charged on SWP sales until this requirement is met.
Qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares (except for Class B shares) sold by certain group retirement plans held in omnibus accounts.
Redemptions under certain retirement plans and accounts: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with distributions from qualified retirement plans, government (Section 457) plans, individual retirement accounts or custodial accounts under Section 403(b)(7) of the Code following normal retirement or the attainment of age 59 1/2.
Loans from qualified retirement plans: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold in connection with loans from qualified retirement plans to shareholders.
Accounts liquidated by Distributor: CDSCs may be waived for shares sold under the Distributor’s right to liquidate a shareholder’s account, including but not limited to instances where the aggregate net asset value of Class A, Class B or Class C shares held in the account is less than the minimum account size.
Returns of excess contributions: CDSCs may be waived on sales required to return excess contributions made to retirement plans or individual retirement accounts, so long as the financial intermediary returns the applicable portion of any commission paid by the Distributor.
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Return of commission: CDSCs may be waived on shares sold by intermediaries that are part of the Columbia Funds selling group where the intermediary has entered into an agreement with Columbia Funds not to receive (or to return if received) all or any applicable portion of an upfront commission.
Plans of reorganization: At the Fund’s discretion, CDSCs may be waived for shares issued in connection with plans of reorganization, such as mergers, asset acquisitions and exchange offers, to which the Fund is a party.
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance
The Fund is required to comply with various anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Consequently, the Fund may request additional required information from you to verify your identity. Your application will be rejected if it does not contain your name, social security number, date of birth and permanent street address. If at any time the Fund believes a shareholder may be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of suspicious persons, the Fund may choose not to establish a new account or may be required to “freeze” a shareholder’s account. The Fund also may be required to provide a governmental agency with information about transactions that have occurred in a shareholder’s account or to transfer monies received to establish a new account, transfer an existing account or transfer the proceeds of an existing account to a governmental agency. In some circumstances, the law may not permit the Fund to inform the shareholder that it has taken the actions described above.
The share price of the Fund is based on the Fund’s net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (which is usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time unless the NYSE closes earlier) on each day the Fund is open for business, unless the Board determines otherwise.
The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities for which a market quotation is available is determined in accordance with the Trust’s valuation procedures. In general terms, the valuation procedures provide that domestic exchange traded securities (other than NASDAQ listed equity securities) generally will be valued at their last traded sale prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. If no sales of those securities are reported on a particular day on the principal exchange, the securities generally will be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices as reported on the principal exchange where those securities are traded. Securities traded on a foreign securities exchange will generally be valued at their last sale prices on the exchange where the securities are primarily traded, or in the absence of a reported sale on a particular day, at their bid prices (in the case of securities held long) or ask prices (in the case of securities held short) as reported by that exchange. Securities traded primarily on NASDAQ will generally be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (NOCP) (which is the last trade price at or before 4:00:02 p.m. (Eastern Time) adjusted up to NASDAQ’s best bid price if the last trade price is below such bid price or adjusted down to NASDAQ’s best ask price if the last trade price is above such ask price). If no NOCP is available, the security will generally be valued at the last sale price shown on NASDAQ prior to the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. If no sale price is shown on NASDAQ, the latest bid price will be used. If no sale price is shown and no latest bid price is available, the price will be deemed “stale” and the value will be determined in accordance with the Fund’s fair valuation procedures.
Securities not traded upon any exchange will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices based upon quotes furnished by the appropriate market makers. If quoted prices are unavailable or are believed to be inaccurate, market values will generally be determined based on quotes obtained from one or more broker(s) or dealer(s) or based on a price obtained from a reputable independent pricing service.
Financial futures will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price. Forward foreign currency contracts will generally be valued using market quotations from a widely used quotation system that reflects the
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current cost of covering or off-setting the contract. Exchange traded options will generally be valued at the latest reported sales price on their exchange. If there is no reported sale on the valuation date, the options will generally be valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices.
Over-the-counter derivatives will generally be valued at fair value in accordance with the Fund’s fair valuation procedures.
Repurchase agreements will generally be valued at a price equal to the amount of the cash invested in the repurchase agreement at the time of valuation. The market value of the securities underlying a repurchase agreement will be determined in accordance with the procedures above, as appropriate, for the purpose of determining the adequacy of collateral.
Shares of open-end investment companies held in the Fund’s portfolio will generally be valued at the latest net asset value reported by the investment company.
Debt securities will generally be valued by a pricing service which may employ a matrix or other indications of value, including but not limited to broker quotes, to determine valuations for normal institutional size trading units. The matrix can take into account various factors including, without limitation, bids, yield spreads, and/or other market data and specific security characteristics (e.g., credit quality, maturity and coupon rate). Debt securities for which a pricing service does not furnish valuations and for which market quotations are readily available will generally be valued based on the mean of the latest bid prices obtained from one or more dealers. Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less will, absent unusual circumstances, be valued at amortized cost.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available for any reason, including that the latest quotation is deemed unreliable or unreasonable, securities and other assets and liabilities are valued at “fair value” as determined in good faith by the Advisor’s valuation committee. In general, any one or more of the following factors may be taken into account in determining fair value: the fundamental analytical data relating to the security; the value of other financial instruments, including derivative securities, traded on other markets or among dealers; trading volumes on markets, exchanges, or among dealers; values of baskets of securities traded on other markets; changes in interest rates; observations from financial institutions; government (domestic or foreign) actions or pronouncements; other news events; information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies; nature and expected duration of the event, if any, giving rise to the valuation issue; pricing history of the security; the relative size of the position in the portfolio; and other relevant information.
With respect to securities traded on foreign markets, the following factors also may be relevant: the value of foreign securities traded on other foreign markets; ADR trading; closed-end fund trading; foreign currency exchange activity; and the trading of financial products that are tied to baskets of foreign securities, such as World Equity Benchmark Shares™.
The Board has determined, and the valuation procedures provide, that in certain circumstances it may be necessary to use an alternative valuation method, such as in-kind redemptions with affiliated benefit plans where the Department of Labor requires that valuation to be done in accordance with Rule 17a-7 of the 1940 Act.
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The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Fund’s prospectuses entitled Distributions and Taxes. The prospectuses generally describe the U.S. federal income tax treatment of distributions by the Fund. This section of the SAI provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as in effect as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. Except as specifically set forth below, the following discussion does not address any state, local or foreign tax matters.
A shareholder’s tax treatment may vary depending upon his or her particular situation. This discussion applies only to shareholders holding Fund shares as capital assets within the meaning of the Code. Except as otherwise noted, it may not apply to certain types of shareholders who may be subject to special rules, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders holding Fund shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) Plan Accounts or Individual Retirement Accounts), financial institutions, broker-dealers, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, persons who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States, shareholders holding Fund shares as part of a hedge, straddle, or conversion transaction, and shareholders who are subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.
The Trust has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the IRS as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion and the discussions in the prospectuses applicable to each shareholder address only some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors and financial planners regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, the application of state, local, or foreign laws, and the effect of any possible changes in applicable tax laws on their investment in the Fund.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
It is intended that the Fund qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. The Fund will be treated as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies generally will apply separately to the Fund, even though the Fund is a series of the Trust. Furthermore, the Fund will separately determine its income, gains, losses, and expenses for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year generally from (i) dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income attributable to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) and (ii) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, as defined below. In general, for purposes of this 90% gross income requirement, income derived from a partnership (other than a qualified publicly traded partnership) will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (y) that derives at least 90% of its income from the passive income sources defined in Code Section 7704(d), and (z) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in clause (i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. Certain of a regulated investment company’s investments in master limited
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partnerships (MLPs) may qualify as interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules do not apply to a regulated investment company, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
The Fund must also diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the fair market value of its total assets consists of (A) cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and (B) securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (A)) to the extent such securities do not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and are not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of the securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (i)(A)), the securities of two or more issuers the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, for purposes of meeting this diversification requirement, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” includes the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership and in the case of the Fund’s investments in loan participations, the Fund shall treat both the financial intermediary and the issuer of the underlying loan as an issuer. The qualifying income and diversification requirements described above may limit the extent to which the Fund can engage in certain derivative transactions, as well as the extent to which it can invest in MLPs.
In addition, the Fund generally must distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for the taxable year, which generally includes its ordinary income and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income (if any) for the taxable year.
If the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any of the investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) it distributes to its shareholders (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). The Fund generally intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and substantially all of its net capital gain. However, no assurance can be given that the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation. Any investment company taxable income retained by the Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates.
In addition, although the Fund generally intends to distribute all of its net capital gain, the Fund may determine to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.
In determining its net capital gain for Capital Gain Dividend purposes, a regulated investment company generally must treat any net capital loss or any net long-term capital loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year. Treasury Regulations generally permit a regulated investment company, in determining its taxable income, to elect to treat all or part of any net capital loss, any net long-term capital loss or any foreign currency loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year.
In order to comply with the distribution requirements described above applicable to regulated investment companies, the Fund generally must make the distributions in the same taxable year that it realizes the income
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and gain, although in certain circumstances, the Fund may make the distributions in the following taxable year in respect of income and gains from the prior taxable year. Shareholders generally are taxed on any distributions from the Fund in the year they are actually distributed. If the Fund declares a distribution to shareholders of record in October, November or December of one calendar year and pays the distribution by January 31 of the following calendar year, however, the Fund and its shareholders will be treated as if the Fund paid the distribution by December 31 of the earlier year.
If, for any taxable year, the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment under the Code, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation without any deduction for its distributions to shareholders, and all distributions from the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (including any distributions of its net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains) to its shareholders will be taxable to shareholders as dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company.
Excise Tax
If the Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for that year (excluding capital gains and losses) and 98% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for net ordinary losses) for the 1-year period ending on October 31 of that year, and any of its ordinary income and capital gain net income from previous years that were not distributed during such years, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Fund generally intends to actually distribute or be deemed to have distributed substantially all of its ordinary income and capital gain net income, if any, by the end of each calendar year and, thus, expects not to be subject to the excise tax. However, no assurance can be given that the Fund will not be subject to the excise tax. Moreover, the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, if the amount of excise tax to be paid is deemed de minimis by the Fund).
Capital Loss Carryforwards
Subject to certain limitations, the Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any year to offset its capital gains, if any, realized during the eight years following the year of the loss. The Fund’s capital loss carryforward is treated as a short-term capital loss in the year to which it is carried. If future capital gains are offset by carried forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to fund-level U.S. federal income taxation, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any such offsetting capital gains. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.
Equalization Accounting
The Fund may use the so-called “equalization method” of accounting to allocate a portion of its “accumulated earnings and profits,” which generally equals the Fund’s undistributed net investment income and realized capital gains, with certain adjustments, to redemption proceeds. This method permits the Fund to achieve more balanced distributions for both continuing and redeeming shareholders. Although using this method generally will not affect the Fund’s total returns, it may reduce the amount of income and gains that the Fund would otherwise distribute to continuing shareholders by reducing the effect of redemptions of Fund shares on Fund distributions to shareholders. The IRS has not sanctioned the particular equalization method used by the Fund, and thus the Fund’s use of this method may be subject to IRS scrutiny.
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Taxation of Fund Investments
In general, realized gains or losses on the sale of securities held by the Fund will be treated as capital gains or losses, and long-term capital gains or losses if the Fund has held or is deemed to have held the securities for more than one year at the time of disposition.
If the Fund purchases a debt obligation with original issue discount (OID) (generally a debt obligation with an issue price less than its stated principal amount, such as a zero-coupon bond), the Fund may be required to annually include in its income a portion of the OID as ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive cash payments for such discount until maturity or disposition of the obligation. Inflation-protected bonds generally can be expected to produce OID income as their principal amounts are adjusted upward for inflation. In general, gains recognized on the disposition of (or the receipt of any partial payment of principal on) a debt obligation (including a municipal obligation) purchased by the Fund at a market discount, generally at a price less than its principal amount, will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the portion of market discount which accrued, but was not previously recognized pursuant to an available election, during the term that the Fund held the debt obligation. The Fund generally will be required to make distributions to shareholders representing the OID or market discount (if an election is made by the Fund to accrue market discount over the holding period of the applicable debt obligation) on debt securities that is currently includible in income, even though the cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund. Cash to pay such distributions may be obtained from borrowing or from sales proceeds of securities held by the Fund which the Fund otherwise might have continued to hold; obtaining such cash might be disadvantageous for the Fund.
In addition, payment-in-kind securities similarly will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund receives no cash interest payment on the security during the year. A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations (such as high-yield corporate debt securities) may not (and interest paid on debt obligations owned by the Fund that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.
If the Fund invests in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default, special tax issues may exist for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether the Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation and, if so, the amount of market discount the Fund should recognize, when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
If an option granted by the Fund is sold, lapses or is otherwise terminated through a closing transaction, such as a repurchase by the Fund of the option from its holder, the Fund generally will realize a short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund in the closing transaction. Some capital losses realized by the Fund in the sale, exchange, exercise or other disposition of an option may be deferred if they result from a position that is part of a “straddle,” discussed below. If securities are sold by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a covered call option granted by it, the Fund generally will add the premium received to the sale price of the securities delivered in determining the amount of gain or loss on the sale. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased.
Some regulated futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity, listed options that may be used by the Fund will be deemed “Section 1256 contracts.” The Fund will be required to “mark to market” any such contracts held at the end of the taxable year by treating them as if they had been sold on the last day of that
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year at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on all dispositions of Section 1256 contracts, including deemed dispositions under the “mark-to-market” rule, generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the remaining 40% will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss as described below. These provisions may require the Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule and the “60%/40%” rule and may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on certain futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and non-equity options.
Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts and similar instruments relating to foreign currency, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. Under future Treasury Regulations, any such transactions that are not directly related to the Fund’s investments in stock or securities (or its options contracts or futures contracts with respect to stock or securities) may have to be limited in order to enable the Fund to satisfy the 90% qualifying income test described above. If the net foreign exchange loss exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year, the resulting ordinary loss for such year will not be available as a carryforward and thus cannot be deducted by the Fund or its shareholders in future years.
Offsetting positions held by the Fund involving certain derivative instruments, such as forward, futures and options contracts, may be considered, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to constitute “straddles.” “Straddles” are defined to include “offsetting positions” in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment of “straddles” is governed by Section 1092 of the Code which, in certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Section 1256. If the Fund is treated as entering into a “straddle” and at least one (but not all) of the Fund’s positions in derivative contracts comprising a part of such straddle is governed by Section 1256 of the Code, described above, then such straddle could be characterized as a “mixed straddle.” The Fund may make one or more elections with respect to “mixed straddles.” Depending upon which election is made, if any, the results with respect to the Fund may differ. Generally, to the extent the straddle rules apply to positions established by the Fund, losses realized by the Fund may be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in any offsetting positions. Moreover, as a result of the straddle rules, short-term capital loss on straddle positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gain may be characterized as short-term capital gain. In addition, the existence of a straddle may affect the holding period of the offsetting positions. As a result, the straddle rules could cause distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the applicable holding period requirements (as described below). Furthermore, the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense and carrying charges applicable to a position that is part of a straddle, including any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry any positions that are part of a straddle. The application of the straddle rules to certain offsetting Fund positions can therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, and may result in significant differences from the amount, timing and character of distributions that would have been made by the Fund if it had not entered into offsetting positions in respect of certain of its portfolio securities.
If the Fund enters into a “constructive sale” of any appreciated financial position in stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt instruments, the Fund will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to that position. A constructive sale of an appreciated financial position occurs when the Fund enters into certain offsetting transactions with respect to the same or substantially identical property, including, but not limited to: (i) a short sale; (ii) an offsetting notional principal contract; (iii) a futures or forward contract; or (iv) other transactions identified in future Treasury Regulations. The character of the gain from constructive sales will depend upon the Fund’s holding period in the appreciated financial position. Losses realized from a sale of a position that was previously the subject of a
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constructive sale will be recognized when the position is subsequently disposed of. The character of such losses will depend upon the Fund’s holding period in the position beginning with the date the constructive sale was deemed to have occurred and the application of various loss deferral provisions in the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not apply to certain closed transactions, including if such a transaction is closed on or before the 30th day after the close of the Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged throughout the 60-day period beginning with the day such transaction was closed.
The amount of long-term capital gain the Fund may recognize from certain derivative transactions with respect to interests in certain pass-through entities is limited under the Code’s constructive ownership rules. The amount of long-term capital gain is limited to the amount of such gain the Fund would have had if the Fund directly invested in the pass-through entity during the term of the derivative contract. Any gain in excess of this amount is treated as ordinary income. An interest charge is imposed on the amount of gain that is treated as ordinary income.
If the Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Similar consequences may apply to repurchase and other derivative transactions. Similarly, to the extent that the Fund makes distributions of income received by the Fund in lieu of tax-exempt interest with respect to securities on loan, such distributions will not constitute exempt-interest dividends (defined below) to shareholders.
In addition, the Fund’s transactions in securities and certain types of derivatives (e.g., options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swap agreements) may be subject to other special tax rules, such as the wash- sale rules or the short-sale rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, and/or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
Certain of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, as well as any of its foreign currency transactions and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
Rules governing the U.S. federal income tax aspects of derivatives, including swap agreements, are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain respects. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid fund-level tax. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in certain derivatives transactions.
Any investment by the Fund in REIT equity securities may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in REIT equity securities also may require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the
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requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income and will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction.
The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under an IRS notice, and Treasury Regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Fund’s income (including income allocated to the Fund from a REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as the Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt shareholders, as noted under Tax-Exempt Shareholders below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or certain other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax.
Some amounts received by the Fund from its investments in MLPs will likely be treated as returns of capital because of accelerated deductions available with respect to the activities of MLPs. On the disposition of an investment in such an MLP, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of economic gain from that asset (or if the Fund does not dispose of the MLP, the Fund will likely realize taxable income in excess of cash flow received by the Fund from the MLP in a later period), and the Fund must take such income into account in determining whether the Fund has satisfied its regulated investment company distribution requirements. The Fund may have to borrow or liquidate securities to satisfy its distribution requirements and meet its redemption requests, even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for the Fund to borrow money or sell securities at the time. In addition, distributions attributable to gain from the sale of MLPs that are characterized as ordinary income under the Code’s recapture provisions will be taxable to Fund shareholders as ordinary income.
“Passive foreign investment companies” (PFICs) are generally defined as foreign corporations where at least 75% of their gross income for their taxable year is income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, certain rents and royalties, or capital gains) or at least 50% of their assets on average produce such passive income. If the Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and interest charges on “excess distributions” received from the PFIC or on gain from the sale of such equity interest in the PFIC, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. Excess distributions and gain from the sale of interests in PFICs may be characterized as ordinary income even though, absent the application of PFIC rules, these amounts may otherwise have been classified as capital gain.
The Fund will not be permitted to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for these special taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to a PFIC. Elections may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections would require the Fund to include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC (in the case of a “QEF election”), or to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in its interests in the PFIC “to the market” as though the Fund had sold and repurchased such interests on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year,
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treating such gains and losses as ordinary income and loss (in the case of a “mark-to-market election”). The QEF and mark-to-market elections may require the Fund to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments prematurely to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return. The Fund may attempt to limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to minimize tax liability and/or maximize returns from these investments but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. Moreover, because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC in advance of acquiring shares in the corporation, the Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income, as defined below.
In addition to the investments described above, prospective shareholders should be aware that other investments made by the Fund may involve complex tax rules that may result in income or gain recognition by the Fund without corresponding current cash receipts. Although the Fund seeks to avoid significant noncash income, such noncash income could be recognized by the Fund, in which case the Fund may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above. In this regard, the Fund could be required at times to liquidate investments prematurely in order to satisfy its minimum distribution requirements, which may accelerate the recognition of gain and adversely affect the Fund’s total return.
Taxation of Distributions
Except for exempt-interest dividends (defined below) paid by the Fund, distributions paid out of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund, generally are deemed to be taxable distributions and must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file a U.S. federal income tax return. Dividends and distributions on the Fund’s shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s earnings and profits, described above, are determined at the end of the Fund’s taxable year and are allocated pro rata to distributions paid over the entire year. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares and then as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of his or her shares. The Fund may make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits to a limited extent, from time to time.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income (except for exempt-interest dividends, defined below) are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain (to the extent such distributions do not exceed the Fund’s actual net long-term capital gain for the taxable year), regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares, and do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income (defined below). The Fund will designate Capital Gain Dividends, if any, in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.
Some states will not tax distributions made to individual shareholders that are attributable to interest the Fund earns on direct obligations of the U.S. government if the Fund meets the state’s minimum investment or
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reporting requirements, if any. Investments in GNMA or FNMA securities, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for tax-free treatment. This exemption may not apply to corporate shareholders.
Sales and Exchanges of Fund Shares
If a shareholder sells or exchanges his or her Fund shares, he or she generally will realize a taxable capital gain or loss on the difference between the amount received for the shares (or deemed received in the case of an exchange) and his or her tax basis in the shares. This gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if he or she has held (or is deemed to have held) such Fund shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange, and short-term capital gain or loss otherwise.
If a shareholder sells or exchanges Fund shares within 90 days of having acquired such shares and if, as a result of having initially acquired those shares, he or she subsequently pays a reduced sales charge on a new purchase of shares of the Fund or a different regulated investment company, the sales charge previously incurred in acquiring the Fund’s shares generally shall not be taken into account (to the extent the previous sales charges do not exceed the reduction in sales charges on the new purchase) for the purpose of determining the amount of gain or loss on the disposition, but generally will be treated as having been incurred in the new purchase. Also, if a shareholder realizes a loss on a disposition of Fund shares, the loss will be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent that he or she purchases substantially identical shares within the 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. Any disallowed loss generally will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the purchased shares.
If a shareholder receives a Capital Gain Dividend or is deemed to receive a distribution of long-term capital gain with respect to any Fund share and such Fund share is held or treated as held for six months or less, then (unless otherwise disallowed) any loss on the sale or exchange of that Fund share will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the Capital Gain Dividend or deemed long-term capital gain distribution. If shares of the Fund are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends (defined below) received on those shares.
Foreign Taxes
Amounts realized by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to file an annual election with the IRS pursuant to which the Fund may pass through to its shareholders on a pro rata basis foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund with respect to foreign securities that the Fund has held for at least the minimum holding periods specified in the Code and such taxes may be claimed, subject to certain limitations, either as a tax credit or deduction by the shareholders. It is not expected that the Fund will qualify for this election.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Rates
As of the date of this SAI, the maximum stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to individuals generally is 35% for ordinary income and 15% for net long-term capital gain. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced — in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets — for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, U.S. federal income tax law also provides for a maximum individual U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” equal to the highest net long-term capital gain rate, which, as described above, generally is 15%. It is currently unclear whether
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Congress will extend this provision for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. In general, “qualified dividend income” is income attributable to dividends received by the Fund from certain domestic and foreign corporations, as long as certain holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund with respect to the dividend-paying corporation’s stock and by the shareholders with respect to the Fund’s shares. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) constitutes qualified dividend income, all of its distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be generally treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of individual shareholders, as long as they have owned their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund’s ex-dividend date (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date) and meet certain other requirements specified in the Code. In general, if less than 95% of the Fund’s income is attributable to qualified dividend income, then only the portion of the Fund’s distributions that is attributable to qualified dividend income and designated as such in a timely manner will be so treated in the hands of individual shareholders who meet the aforementioned holding period requirements. The rules regarding the qualification of Fund distributions as qualified dividend income are complex, including the holding period requirements. Individual Fund shareholders therefore are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners. Fixed income funds, such as the Fund, typically do not distribute significant amounts of qualified dividend income.
The maximum stated corporate U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and net capital gain is 35%. Actual marginal tax rates may be higher for some shareholders, for example, through reductions in deductions. Naturally, the amount of tax payable by any taxpayer will be affected by a combination of tax laws covering, for example, deductions, credits, deferrals, exemptions, sources of income and other matters. U.S. federal income tax rates are set to increase in future years under various “sunset” provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws.
Backup Withholding
The Fund generally is required to withhold, and remit to the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain exemptions, an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds (including proceeds from exchanges and redemptions in-kind) paid or credited to the Fund shareholder if (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with a correct “taxpayer identification number” (TIN) or has not certified to the Fund that withholding does not apply or (2) the IRS notifies the Fund that the shareholder’s TIN is incorrect or the shareholder is otherwise subject to backup withholding. These backup withholding rules may also apply to distributions that are properly designated as exempt-interest dividends (defined below). This backup withholding is not an additional tax imposed on the shareholder. The shareholder may apply amounts required to be withheld as a credit against his or her future U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can also be subject to IRS penalties. The rate of backup withholding is set to increase for amounts distributed or paid after December 31, 2010.
Tax-Deferred Plans
The shares of the Fund may be available for a variety of tax-deferred retirement and other tax-advantaged plans and accounts. Prospective investors should contact their tax advisors and financial planners regarding the tax consequences to them of holding Fund shares through such plans and/or accounts.
Corporate Shareholders
Subject to limitations and other rules, a corporate shareholder of the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction on Fund distributions attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations, which, if received directly by the corporate shareholder, would qualify for such a deduction. For eligible corporate shareholders, the dividends-received deduction may be subject to certain reductions, and a distribution by the Fund attributable to dividends of a domestic corporation will be eligible for the deduction only if certain holding period and other requirements are met. These requirements are complex; therefore, corporate shareholders of the Fund are urged to consult their own tax advisors and financial planners.
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As discussed above, a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations that the Fund may own may not be deductible to the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on these obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend. In such cases, if the issuer of the obligation is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the dividend portion of such interest.
Foreign Shareholders
For purposes of this discussion, “foreign shareholders” generally include: (i) nonresident alien individuals, (ii) foreign trusts (i.e., a trust other than a trust with respect to which a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over administration of that trust and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control substantial decisions of that trust), (iii) foreign estates (i.e., the income of which is not subject to U.S. tax regardless of source), and (iv) foreign corporations.
Generally, unless an exception applies, dividend distributions made to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends and exempt-interest dividends (defined below) will be subject to non-refundable U.S. federal income tax withholding at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income tax treaty) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding. However, generally, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010 (and for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 if pending legislation (discussed below) is enacted), distributions made to foreign shareholders and properly designated by the Fund as “interest-related dividends” are exempt from U.S. federal income tax withholding. The exemption for interest-related dividends does not apply to any distribution to a foreign shareholder (i) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer; (ii) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iii) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation. Interest-related dividends are generally attributable to the Fund’s net U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder. In order to qualify as an interest-related dividend, the Fund must designate a distribution as such in a written notice mailed to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a distribution described above is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the recipient foreign shareholder, neither U.S. federal income tax withholding nor the exemption for interest-related dividends will apply. Instead, the distribution will be subject to the tax, reporting and withholding requirements generally applicable to U.S. persons, and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the recipient foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation.
In general, a foreign shareholder’s capital gains realized on the disposition of Fund shares, distributions properly designated as Capital Gain Dividends and, with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2010 (and for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 if pending legislation (discussed below) is enacted), “short-term capital gain dividends” (defined below) are not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, unless: (i) such gains or distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) of the foreign shareholder; or (ii) in the case of an individual foreign shareholder, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the disposition of Fund shares or the receipt of Capital Gain Dividends or short-term capital gain dividends and certain other conditions are met. If the requirements of clause (i) are met, the tax, reporting and withholding requirements applicable to U.S. persons generally will apply to the foreign shareholder and an additional branch profits tax may apply if the foreign shareholder is a foreign corporation. If the requirements of clause (i) are not met, but the requirements of clause (ii) are met, such gains and distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable income tax treaty). “Short-term capital gain dividends” are distributions attributable to the
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Fund’s net short-term capital gain in excess of its net long-term capital loss and designated as such by the Fund in a written notice mailed by the Fund to its shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.
Pending legislation proposes to extend the exemptions from withholding for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends for one additional year (i.e., for dividends with respect to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2010 but before January 1, 2011). However, as of the date of this SAI, it is unclear whether such legislation will be enacted and, if enacted, what the terms of the extension will be.
In the case of shares held through an intermediary, even if the Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment, no assurance can be made that the intermediary will respect such a designation, and an intermediary may withhold even if the Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
Even if permitted to do so, the Fund provides no assurance that it will designate any distributions as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends.
Special rules apply to certain distributions to certain foreign shareholders from a regulated investment company that is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC absent exclusions from the definition thereof for interests in domestically controlled REITs or regulated investment companies and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs or regulated investment companies. Additionally, special rules apply to the sale of shares in a regulated investment company that is a USRPHC. Generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds U.S. real property interests (“USRPIs”) — USRPIs are defined generally as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHC — the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States and other assets. The Fund generally does not expect that it will be a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for certain of the above-mentioned exceptions and thus does not expect that these special tax rules will apply.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its foreign status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. In addition, additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and foreign estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Under current law, the Fund serves to “block” (that is, prevent the attribution to shareholders of) UBTI from being realized by tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
It is possible that a tax-exempt shareholder will also recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income (as described above) derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Furthermore, any investment in residual interests of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a
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REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT, as defined in Section 664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in the Fund to the extent that it recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in the Fund and the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which the IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. The Fund has not yet determined whether such an election will be made. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Fund.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury Regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Special Tax Considerations Pertaining to Tax-Exempt Funds
If, at the close of each quarter of a regulated investment company’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of obligations the interest on which is exempt from U.S. federal income tax under Section 103(a) of the Code, then the regulated investment company may qualify to pay “exempt-interest dividends” and pass through to its shareholders the tax-exempt character of its income from such obligations. The Fund intends to so qualify and is designed to provide shareholders with a high level of income in the form of exempt-interest dividends, which are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax.
Distributions of capital gains or income not attributable to interest on the Fund’s tax-exempt obligations will not constitute exempt-interest dividends and will be taxable to shareholders as described earlier.
Not later than 60 days after the close of its taxable year, the Fund will notify its shareholders of the portion of the distributions for the taxable year which constitutes exempt-interest dividends. In general, if an amount of the Fund’s distribution designated as an exempt-interest dividend exceeds the Fund’s net-exempt interest, the amount so qualifying as tax-exempt will be scaled back ratably to the amount of its net-exempt income. In such a case, each Fund shareholder must proportionately reduce the amount of the dividend it treats as tax-exempt, and will generally include the excess income as a taxable dividend to the extent of certain disallowed deductions and thereafter as a return of capital. The deductibility of interest paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of the Fund may be limited. The portion of such interest that is
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non-deductible generally equals the amount of such interest times the ratio of the Fund’s exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder to all of the Fund’s dividends received by the shareholder (excluding Capital Gain Dividends and any capital gains required to be included in the shareholder’s long term capital gains in respect of capital gains retained by the Fund, as described earlier).
Although exempt-interest dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax, there may not be a similar exemption under the laws of a particular state or local taxing jurisdiction. Thus, exempt-interest dividends may be subject to state and local taxes. You should consult your tax advisor to discuss the tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Tax-exempt interest on certain “private activity bonds” has been designated as a “tax preference item” and must be added back to taxable income for purposes of calculating U.S. federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”). To the extent that the Fund invests in certain private activity bonds, its shareholders will be required to report that portion of the Fund’s distributions attributable to income from the bonds as a tax preference item in determining their U.S. federal AMT, if any. Shareholders will be notified of the tax status of distributions made by the Fund. Persons who may be “substantial users” (or “related persons” of substantial users) of facilities financed by private activity bonds should consult their tax advisors before purchasing shares in the Fund. In addition, exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund to a corporate shareholder are, with very limited exceptions, included in the shareholder’s “adjusted current earnings” as part of its U.S. federal AMT calculation. As of the date of this SAI, individuals are subject to the U.S. federal AMT at a maximum rate of 28% and corporations at a maximum rate of 20%. Shareholders with questions or concerns about the U.S. federal AMT should consult their own tax advisors.
Ordinarily, the Fund relies on an opinion from the issuer’s bond counsel that interest on the issuer’s obligation will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. However, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not successfully challenge such exemption, which could cause interest on the obligation to be taxable and could jeopardize the Fund’s ability to pay exempt-interest dividends. Similar challenges may occur as to state- specific exemptions.
A shareholder who receives Social Security or railroad retirement benefits should consult his or her tax advisor to determine what effect, if any, an investment in the Fund may have on the federal taxation of such benefits. Exempt-interest dividends are included in income for purposes of determining the amount of benefits that are taxable.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of February 28, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “principal holder” (i.e., owns of record or is known by the Trust to own beneficially 5% or more of any class of the Fund’s outstanding shares) is listed below.
Principal Holder Ownership of the Fund
Fund/Share Class | Shareholder Account Registration | Class Balance | Percentage of Class | |||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund — Class A | EDWARD D JONES & CO MUTUAL FUND SHAREHOLDER ACCOUNTING 201 PROGRESS PKWY MARYLAND HTS, MO 63043-3009 | 22,184,811.2870 | 21.48% | |||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund — Class B | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 110,043.5670 | 13.30% | |||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund — Class C | MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS ATTN FUND ADMINISTRATION 4800 DEER LAKE DR E FL 2 JACKSONVILLE, FL 32246-6484 | 886,340.3230 | 33.45% | |||||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund — Class Z | BANK OF AMERICA NA, TRUSTEE ATTN BETTY BARLEY/FUNDS ACCOUNTING 1201 MAIN STREET 10TH FLOOR DALLAS, TX 75202-3908 | 40,455,242.0430 | 63.57% |
As of February 28, 2010, the name, address and percentage of ownership of each person who may be deemed to be a “control person” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund because it owns greater than 25% of the outstanding shares, either beneficially or by virtue of its fiduciary or trust roles or otherwise, is shown below. A controlling person’s vote could have a more significant effect on matters presented to shareholders for approval than the vote of other Fund shareholders.
Control Person Ownership of the Fund
Fund | Shareholder Account Registration | Share Balance | Percentage of Fund | |||||||||
Tax-Exempt Fund | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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APPENDIX A — DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITIES RATINGS
This Appendix summarizes the various descriptions of securities ratings applicable to securities purchased by the Columbia Funds Family. Please refer to the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information to determine whether the Fund may invest in securities that have ratings described in this Appendix.
STANDARD & POOR’S (S&P)
Bonds
The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P for bonds. The ratings AAA, AA, A and BBB denote investment grade securities.
AAA bonds have the highest rating assigned by S&P and are considered to have an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
AA bonds are considered to have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and they differ from AAA only in small degree.
A bonds are considered to have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB bonds are considered to have an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC and C bonds are considered to have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or large exposures to adverse conditions.
BB bonds are considered to have less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, they face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB-rating.
B bonds are considered to have a greater vulnerability to default but currently have the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB — rating.
CCC bonds are considered to have a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the bonds are not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B — rating.
CC rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
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C rating typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC — debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation, for example, where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.
CI rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D bonds are in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Municipal Notes
SP-1. Notes rated SP-1 are considered to have very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designated as SP-1+.
SP-2. Notes rated SP-2 are considered to have satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.
Notes due in three years or less normally receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years normally receive a bond rating, although the following criteria are used in making that assessment:
Amortization schedule (the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely the issue will be rated as a note).
Source of payment (the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be rated as a note).
Commercial Paper
A. Issues assigned this highest rating are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are further refined with the designations 1, 2, and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety.
A-1. Issues assigned to this rating are considered to have overwhelming or very strong capacity for timely payment. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are designed A-1+.
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY’S) Municipal Bonds
Aaa bonds are considered to be of the best quality. They are considered to have the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edge”. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair a fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa bonds are considered to be of high quality by all standards. Together with Aaa bonds they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities. Those bonds in the Aa through B groups that Moody’s believes possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols Aa1, A1 or Baa1.
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A bonds are considered to possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered to be upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment at some time in the future.
Baa bonds are considered to be medium grade obligations: they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and, in fact, have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba bonds are considered to have speculative elements: their future cannot be considered as well secured. Often, the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times in the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this grade.
B bonds are considered generally to lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa bonds are considered to be of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca bonds are considered to represent obligations that are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C bonds are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Conditional Ratings. Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operating experience, (c) rentals which begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting conditions attach. Parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of basis of condition.
Corporate Bonds
The description of the applicable rating symbols (Aaa, Aa, A, Baa, etc.) and their meanings is identical to that of the Municipal Bond ratings as set forth above, except for the numerical modifiers. Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in the Aa and A classifications of its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a midrange ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issuer ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Municipal Notes
MIG 1. This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2. This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3. This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for, but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
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Commercial Paper
Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
Prime-1 Highest Quality
Prime-2 Higher Quality
Prime-3 High Quality
If an issuer represents to Moody’s that its commercial paper obligations are supported by the credit of another entity or entities, Moody’s, in assigning ratings to such issuers, evaluates the financial strength of the indicated affiliated corporations, commercial banks, insurance companies, foreign governments, or other entities, but only as one factor in the total rating assessment.
FITCH, INC. (FITCH)
Long-Term Debt
Investment Grade Bond Ratings
AAA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and/or dividends and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA bonds are considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A bonds are considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than debt securities with higher ratings.
BBB bonds are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest or dividends and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these securities and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for securities with higher ratings.
Speculative Grade Bond Ratings
BB bonds are considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified, which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B bonds are considered highly speculative. While securities in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
CCC bonds are considered to have certain identifiable characteristics that, if not remedied, may lead to default The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business and economic environment.
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CC bonds are considered to be minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or principal seems probable over time.
C bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, and D bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments. Such securities are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for recovery on these securities and D represents the lowest potential for recovery.
Plus (+) or minus (-): Plus or minus signs are used to show relative standing within the major rating categories. Plus and minus signs, however, are not used in the DDD, DD, or D categories.
Short-Term Debt
Fitch’s short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and investment notes.
F-1+ obligations have exceptionally strong credit quality and are considered to have the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1 obligations are considered to reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+.
F-2 obligations are considered to have good credit quality. Securities in this class have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+ and F-1 ratings.
F-3 obligations are considered to have characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for timely payment is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could cause these securities to be rated below investment grade.
F-S rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a minimal degree of assurance for timely payment and to be vulnerable to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
B obligations are considered to have a minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and a susceptibility to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.
C rating is assigned to obligations that are considered to have a high default risk and whose capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D obligations are in actual or imminent payment default.
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APPENDIX B — PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Proxy Voting Policy
Last Review Date: | March 2009 | |
Applicable Regulatory Authority: | Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 Form N-PX ERISA Department of Labor Bulletin 08-2 Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (SEC No Action Letter dated September 15, 2004) |
Explanation/Summary of Regulatory Requirements
An investment adviser that exercises voting authority over clients’ proxies must adopt written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that those proxies are voted in the best economic interests of clients. An adviser’s policies and procedures must address how the adviser resolves material conflicts of interest between its interests and those of its clients. An investment adviser must comply with certain record keeping and disclosure requirements with respect to its proxy voting responsibilities. In addition, an investment adviser to Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) accounts has an affirmative obligation to vote proxies for an ERISA account, unless the client expressly retains proxy voting authority.
Policy Summary
Columbia Management Advisors, LLC (“CMA”) has adopted and implemented the following policy, which it believes is reasonably designed to: (1) ensure that proxies are voted in the best economic interest of clients; and (2) address material conflicts of interest that may arise. This policy applies primarily to the Global Wealth and Investment Management (“GWIM”) Investment Operations Group, the Investment groups (particularly, Equity and Chief Investment Officer’s Office), as well as to Compliance Risk Management (“CRM”) and Legal. CRM and Business groups to which this policy directly applies must adopt written procedures to implement this Policy.
Policy
All proxies regarding client securities for which CMA has authority to vote will, unless CMA determines in accordance with policies stated below to refrain from voting, be voted in a manner considered by CMA to be in the best interest of CMA’s clients without regard to any resulting benefit or detriment to CMA, its associates, or its affiliates. The best interest of clients is defined for this purpose as the interest of enhancing or protecting the economic value of client accounts, considered as a group rather than individually, as CMA determines in its sole and absolute discretion. In the event a client believes that its other interests require a different vote, CMA will vote as the client clearly instructs, provided CMA receives such instructions in time to act accordingly. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential. Therefore, the information may be shared on a need to know basis only, including within CMA and with CMA affiliates. Advisory clients, including mutual funds’ and other funds’ boards, may obtain information on how their proxies were voted by CMA. However, CMA will not selectively disclose its investment company clients’ proxy voting records to third parties. Rather, the investment company clients’ proxy records will be disclosed to shareholders by publicly-available annual filings for 12-month periods ending each year on June 30th on Form N-PX.
CMA endeavors to vote, in accordance with this Policy, all proxies of which it becomes aware prior to the vote deadline date, subject to certain general exceptions described below.
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CMA seeks to avoid the occurrence of actual or apparent material conflicts of interest in the proxy voting process by voting in accordance with predetermined voting guidelines and observing other procedures that are intended to prevent where practicable and manage conflicts of interest (refer to Conflicts of Interest section below). CMA’s proxy voting policy and practices are summarized in its Form ADV. Additionally, CMA will provide clients with a copy of its policies, as they may be updated from time to time, upon request.
Means of Achieving Compliance
The Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations is primarily responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the proxy voting process. The Proxy Group’s monitoring will take into account the following elements: (1) periodic review of the proxy vendor’s votes to ensure that the proxy vendor is accurately voting consistent with CMA’s Voting Guidelines; and (2) review of the Columbia Funds’ fund website to ensure that annual proxy voting reports are posted in a timely and accurate manner. CMA has established a Proxy Committee which is responsible for overseeing the proxy voting process.
The specific responsibilities of the Proxy Committee and scope of its oversight are described in the Proxy Committee’s charter.
CMA’S INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES’RESPONSIBILITIES
Under CMA’s Voting Guidelines, certain matters must be determined on a case-by-case basis. In general, the Proxy Group within GWIM Investment Operations will refer these matters first to the relevant CMA research analyst after first confirming that the proxy matter does not present a potential conflict to CMA. If there is not a research analyst assigned to the particular security, the matter will be referred to the appropriate portfolio manager.
In considering a particular proxy matter, the research analyst or portfolio manager must vote in the clients’ best interest as defined above. Information regarding CMA’s proxy voting decisions is confidential information. Therefore, research analysts and portfolio managers generally must not discuss proxy votes with any person outside of CMA and within CMA except on a need to know basis only.
Research analysts and portfolio managers must discharge their responsibilities consistent with the obligations set forth below (refer to Management of Conflicts of Interest — Additional Procedures). A research analyst or portfolio manager must disclose in writing any inappropriate attempt to influence their recommendation or any other personal interest that they have with the issuer (see Appendix B — Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form). For each Proxy Referral (defined below), the research analyst or portfolio manager is responsible for memorializing their recommendation on the Proxy Voting Recommendation Form (see Appendix C) and communicating their recommendation to the Proxy Group.
Research analysts and portfolio managers should seek advice from CRM or Legal with respect to any questions that they have regarding personal conflicts of interests, communications regarding proxies, or other related matters.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
For purposes of this policy, a material conflict of interest is a relationship or activity engaged in by CMA, a CMA affiliate1, or a CMA associate that creates an incentive (or appearance thereof) to favor the interests of
1 | Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”), the ultimate corporate parent of CMA, Bank of America, N.A. and all of their numerous affiliates owns, operates and has interests in many lines of business that may create or give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest between BAC or its affiliates and those of CMA-advised clients. For example, the commercial and investment banking business lines may have interests with respect to issuers of voting securities that could appear to or even actually conflict with CMA’s duty, in the proxy voting process, to act in the best economic interest of its clients. |
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CMA, the affiliate, or associate, rather than the clients’ interests. However, a material conflict of interest is not automatically created when there is a relationship or activity engaged in by a CMA affiliate, but there is a possibility that a CMA affiliate could cause a conflict. CMA may have a conflict of interest if either CMA has a significant business relationship with a company that is soliciting a proxy, or if a CMA associate involved in the proxy voting decision-making process has a significant personal or family relationship with the particular company. A conflict of interest is considered to be “material” to the extent that a reasonable person could expect the conflict to influence CMA’s decision on the particular vote at issue. In all cases where there is deemed to be a material conflict of interest, CMA will seek to resolve said conflict in the clients’ best interests.
For those proxy proposals that: (1) are not addressed by CMA’s proxy voting guidelines; (2) the guidelines specify the issue must be evaluated and determined on a case-by-case basis; or (3) a CMA investment associate believes that an exception to the guidelines may be in the best economic interest of CMA’s clients (collectively, “Proxy Referrals”), CMA may vote the proxy, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures set forth below.
In the case of Proxy Referrals, CRM identifies companies with which CMA has significant business relationships and Proxy Referrals of such companies will be voted consistent with CMA’s conflicts management procedures described below. For Proxy Referrals that do not involve companies with which CMA has a significant business relationship the relevant CMA investment personnel (i.e. research analyst, portfolio manager, members of Proxy Committee) involved in the particular Proxy Referral must report any personal conflict of interest circumstances (e.g., relationships with nominees for directorship, members of an issuer’s or dissident’s management or otherwise, unusual communications with parties outside the investment organization concerning a proxy matter) to Columbia Management’s Conflicts of Interest Officer in writing (see Appendix B). In the event any member of the Proxy Committee has a conflict of interest regarding a given matter, he or she will abstain from participating in the Committee’s determination of whether and/or how to vote in the matter.
If the Proxy Committee, the Chairperson of the Proxy Committee, or the Conflicts Officer determines that a proxy matter presents a material conflict of interest, CMA will invoke one or more of the following conflict management procedures:
• | Causing the proxies to be voted in accordance with the recommendations of an independent third party (which generally will be CMA’s proxy voting agent); |
• | Causing the proxies to be delegated to a qualified, independent third party, which may include CMA’s proxy voting agent; or |
• | In unusual cases, with the Client’s consent and upon ample notice, forwarding the proxies to CMA’s clients so that they may vote the proxies directly. |
Affiliate Investment Companies and Public Companies
CMA considers (1) proxies solicited by open-end and closed-end investment companies for which CMA or an affiliate serves as an investment adviser or principal underwriter; and (2) proxies solicited by Bank of America Corporation (“BAC”) or other public companies within the BAC organization to present a material conflict of interest for CMA. Consequently, the proxies of such affiliates will be voted following one of the conflict management practices discussed above.
Management of Conflicts of Interest — Additional Procedures
In certain circumstances, CMA follows the proxy guidelines and uses other research services provided by the proxy vendor or another independent third party. CMA reviews its proxy vendor’s conflicts of interest procedures as part of its oversight of the proxy vendor’s services.
CMA and other BAC affiliates have adopted various other policies and procedures that help reinforce this Policy. Please see any associated documents.
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Ownership Limits — Delegation of Proxy Voting to an Independent Third Party
From time to time, CMA may face regulatory or compliance limits on the types or amounts of voting securities that it may purchase or hold for client accounts. Among other limits, federal, state, foreign regulatory restrictions, or company-specific ownership limits may restrict the total percentage of an issuer’s voting securities that CMA can hold for clients (collectively, “Ownership Limits”).
The regulations or company-specific documents governing a number of these Ownership Limits often focus upon holdings in voting securities. As a result, in limited circumstances in order to comply with such Ownership Limits and/or internal policies designed to comply with such limits, CMA may delegate proxy voting in certain issuers to a qualified, independent third party, who may be CMA’s proxy voting agent.
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
A. CMA’s Proxy Voting Guidelines — General Practices.
The Proxy Committee has adopted the guidelines for voting proxies specified in Appendix A of this policy. CMA uses an independent, third-party proxy vendor to implement its proxy voting process as CMA’s proxy voting agent. In general, whenever a vote is solicited, the proxy vendor will execute the vote according to CMA’s Voting Guidelines.
B. Ability to Vote Proxies Other than as Provided by Voting Guidelines.
A Portfolio Manager or other party involved with a client’s account may conclude that the best interest of the firm’s client, as defined above, requires that a proxy be voted in a manner that differs from the predetermined proxy Voting Guidelines. In this situation, he or she will request in writing that the Proxy Committee consider voting the proxy other than according to such Guidelines and provide information as the Proxy Committee may request. The Proxy Committee may consider the matter, subject to the conflicts of interest procedures discussed above.
C. Other Proxy Matters
For the following categories, proxies will be voted as stated below:
1. New Proposals. For certain new proposals that are expected to be proposed to shareholders of multiple companies, the Proxy Committee may develop a Voting Guideline which will be incorporated into this Policy.
2. Accounts Adhering to Taft Hartley Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to Taft Hartley principles will be voted according to the Taft Hartley Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor.
3. Accounts Adhering to Socially Responsible Principles. All proposals for accounts adhering to socially responsible principles will be voted according to the Socially Responsible Guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client.
4. Proxies of International Issuers. In general, CMA will refrain from voting securities in cases where international issuers impose share blocking restrictions. However, in the exceptional circumstances that CMA determines that it would be appropriate to vote such securities, all proposals for these securities will be voted only on the specific instruction of the Proxy Committee and to the extent practicable in accordance with the Voting Guidelines set forth in this Policy. Additionally, proxies will typically not be voted in markets where powers of attorney are required to be executed in order to vote shares.
5. Proxies of Investment Company Shares. Proposals on issues other than affiliated investment companies (previously described) will be voted on the specific instruction of the Proxy Committee.
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6. Proxy Referrals for Passive Index Accounts. Proxy Referrals for a security that is held only within a passive index account managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and not in any other account within CMA, shall be voted according to the guidelines developed by the proxy vendor or as specified by the client. However, if a security is held within a passive index account managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group and within another CMA-managed account (including without limitation an account actively managed by CMA’s Quantitative Strategies Group), all proposals, including Proxy Referrals, will be voted in accordance with the Voting Guidelines, subject to the other provisions of this Policy.
7. Proxy Voting for Securities on Loan. CMA generally votes in cases where shares have been loaned from actively managed Columbia Funds as long as the shares have been recalled in a timely manner. However, CMA generally does not vote shares that have been loaned from passively managed Columbia Index Funds. Other CMA clients may have their own stock loan programs and may or may not recall their shares for proxy voting.
Supervision
Managers and supervisory personnel are responsible for ensuring that their associates understand and follow this policy and any applicable procedures adopted by the business group to implement the policy. The Proxy Committee has ultimate responsibility for the implementation of this Policy.
Escalation
With the exception of conflicts of interest-related matters, issues arising under this policy should be escalated to the Proxy Committee. Issues involving potential or actual conflicts of interest should be promptly communicated to the Columbia Management Conflicts Officer.
Monitoring/Oversight
CRM and/or Corporate Internal Audit Group perform periodic reviews and assessments of various lines of businesses, including a review of Columbia Management’s compliance with the Proxy Voting Policy.
Recordkeeping
CMA will create and maintain records of each investment company’s proxy record for 12-month periods ended June 30th. CMA will compile the following information for each matter relating to a portfolio security considered at any shareholder meeting during the period covered by the annual report and for which CMA was entitled to vote:
• | The name of the issuer of the security; |
• | The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security (if symbol is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures number for the portfolio security (if number is available through reasonably practicable means); |
• | The shareholder meeting date; |
• | A brief identification of the matter voted on; |
• | Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; |
• | Whether the company cast its vote on the matter; |
• | How the company cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding the election of directors); and |
• | Whether the company cast its vote for or against management. |
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Business groups and support partners are responsible for maintaining all records necessary to evidence compliance with this policy. The records must be properly maintained and readily accessible in order to evidence compliance with this policy.
These records include:
Document | Responsible Party | |
Proxy Committee Meeting Minutes and Related Materials | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Proxy Vote Recommendation Form and Supporting Materials of Investment Management Personnel Concerning Proxy Decisions and Recommendations (or any other document created by CMA that was material to making a voting decision or that memorializes the basis for the voting decision) | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations | |
Conflicts of Interest Review Documentation, including Conflicts of Interest Forms | Compliance Risk Management | |
Client Communications Regarding Proxy Matters | Client Service Group | |
Copy of Each Applicable Proxy Statement Unless it has been Filed with the SEC and may be Obtained from the SEC’s EDGAR System | Proxy Group in GWIM Investment Operations |
Records should be retained for a period of not less than six years plus the current year. Records must be retained in an appropriate office of CM for the first three years.
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APPENDIX A — CMA’s Proxy Voting Policy CMA’S VOTING GUIDELINES
A. The Proxy Committee has adopted the following guidelines for voting proxies:
1. Matters Relating to the Board of Directors/Corporate Governance
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals for the election of directors or for an increase or decrease in the number of directors, provided that no more than one-third of the Board of Directors would, presently or at any time during the previous three-year period, be from management. |
However, CMA generally will WITHHOLD votes from pertinent director nominees if:
(i) | the board as proposed to be constituted would have more than one-third of its members from management; |
(ii) | the board does not have audit, nominating, and compensation committees composed solely of directors who qualify as being regarded as “independent,” i.e. having no material relationship, directly or indirectly, with the Company, as CMA’s proxy voting agent may determine (subject to the Proxy Committee’s contrary determination of independence or non-independence); |
(iii) | the nominee, as a member of the audit committee, permitted the company to incur excessive non-audit fees (as defined below regarding other business matters — ratification of the appointment of auditors); |
(iv) | a director serves on more than six public company boards; |
(v) | the CEO serves on more than two public company boards other than the company’s board. |
On a CASE-BY-CASE basis, CMA may WITHHOLD votes for a director nominee who has failed to observe good corporate governance practices or, through specific corporate action or inaction (e.g. failing to implement policies for which a majority of shareholders has previously cast votes in favor), has demonstrated a disregard for the interests of shareholders.
• | Proposals requesting that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committee be composed solely of independent directors. The Audit Committee must satisfy the independence and experience requirements established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the New York Stock Exchange, or appropriate local requirements for foreign securities. At least one member of the Audit Committee must qualify as a “financial expert” in accordance with SEC rules. |
• | Proposals to declassify a board, absent special circumstances that would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by a classified board structure. |
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to create or eliminate positions or titles for senior management. CMA generally prefers that the role of Chairman of the Board and CEO be held by different persons unless there are compelling reasons to vote AGAINST a proposal to separate these positions, such as the existence of a counter¬balancing governance structure that includes at least the following elements in addition to applicable listing standards: |
• | Established governance standards and guidelines. |
• | Full board composed of not less than two-thirds “independent” directors, as defined by applicable regulatory and listing standards. |
• | Compensation, as well as audit and nominating (or corporate governance) committees composed entirely of independent directors. |
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• | A designated or rotating presiding independent director appointed by and from the independent directors with the authority and responsibility to call and preside at regularly and, as necessary, specially scheduled meetings of the independent directors to be conducted, unless the participating independent directors otherwise wish, in executive session with no members of management present. |
• | Disclosed processes for communicating with any individual director, the presiding independent director (or, alternatively, all of the independent directors, as a group) and the entire board of directors, as a group. |
• | The pertinent class of the Company’s voting securities has out-performed, on a three-year basis, both an appropriate peer group and benchmark index, as indicated in the performance summary table of the Company’s proxy materials. This requirement shall not apply if there has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within the three-year period. |
• | Proposals that grant or restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause. |
• | Proposals to permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that encourage directors to own a minimum amount of company stock. |
• | Proposals to provide or to restore shareholder appraisal rights. |
• | Proposals to adopt cumulative voting. |
• | Proposals for the company to adopt confidential voting. |
CMA will generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for majority voting thresholds for director elections unless the company has adopted formal corporate governance principles that present a meaningful alternative to the majority voting standard and/or provides an adequate response to both new nominees as well as incumbent nominees who fail to receive a majority of votes cast.
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to classify boards, absent special circumstances indicating that shareholder interests would be better served by a classified board structure. |
• | Proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board without shareholder approval. |
• | Proposals that provide directors may be removed only by supermajority vote. |
• | Proposals to eliminate cumulative voting. |
• | Proposals which allow more than one vote per share in the election of directors. |
• | Proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies. |
• | Proposals that mandate a minimum amount of company stock that directors must own. |
• | Proposals to limit the tenure of non-management directors. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis in contested elections of directors.
CMA generally will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on board approved proposals relating to corporate governance. Such proposals include, but are not limited to:
• | Reimbursement of proxy solicitation expenses taking into consideration whether or not CMA was in favor of the dissidents. |
• | Proxy contest advance notice. CMA generally will vote FOR proposals that allow shareholders to submit proposals as close to the meeting date as possible while allowing for sufficient time for Company response, SEC review, and analysis by other shareholders. |
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• | CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis to indemnify directors and officers, and AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors. |
• | CMA will vote FOR the indemnification of internal auditors, unless the costs associated with the approval are not disclosed. |
2. Compensation
CMA generally will vote FOR management sponsored compensation plans (such as bonus plans, incentive plans, stock option plans, pension and retirement benefits, stock purchase plans or thrift plans) if they are consistent with industry and country standards. However, CMA generally is opposed to compensation plans that substantially dilute ownership interest in a company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have objectionable structural features. Specifically, for equity-based plans, if the proposed number of shares authorized for option programs (excluding authorized shares for expired options) exceeds an average of 5% of the currently outstanding shares over the previous three years or an average of 3% over the previous three years for directors only, the proposal should be referred to the Proxy Committee. The Committee will then consider the circumstances surrounding the issue and vote in the best interest of CMA’s clients. CMA requires that management provide substantial justification for the repricing of options.
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals requiring that executive severance arrangements be submitted for shareholder ratification. |
• | Proposals asking a company to expense stock options. |
• | Proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote. |
• | Employee stock purchase plans that have the following features: (i) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value, (ii) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less, and (iii) dilution is 10% or less. |
• | Proposals for the remuneration of auditors if no more than 25% of the compensation costs comes from non audit activity. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price, or that permit replacing or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals to authorize the replacement or repricing of out-of-the money options. |
• | Proposals requesting that plan administrators have advance authority to amend the terms of a plan without detailed disclosure of the specific amendments. When sufficient details are provided on the amendments permitted by the advance authority, CMA will recommend on such proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals regarding approval of specific executive severance arrangements.
3. Capitalization
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to increase the authorized shares for stock dividends, stock splits (and reverse stock splits) or general issuance, unless proposed as an anti-takeover measure or a general issuance proposal increases the authorization by more than 30% without a clear need presented by the company. Proposals for reverse stock splits should include an overall reduction in authorization. |
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For companies recognizing preemptive rights for existing shareholders, CMA generally will vote FOR general issuance proposals that increase the authorized shares by more than 30%. CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis all such proposals by companies that do not recognize preemptive rights for existing shareholders.
• | Proposals for the elimination of authorized but unissued shares or retirement of those shares purchased for sinking fund or treasury stock. |
• | Proposals to institute/renew open market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms. |
• | Proposals to reduce or change the par value of common stock, provided the number of shares is also changed in order to keep the capital unchanged. |
CMA will evaluate on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals regarding:
• | Management proposals that allow listed companies to de-list and terminate the registration of their common stock. CMA will determine whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by giving consideration to: |
• | Whether the company has attained benefits from being publicly traded. |
• | Cash-out value |
• | Balanced interests of continuing vs. cashed-out shareholders |
• | Market reaction to public announcement of transaction |
4. Mergers, Restructurings and Other Transactions
CMA will review, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, business transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations, liquidations, spinoffs, buyouts and sale of all or substantially all of a company’s assets.
5. Anti-Takeover Measures
CMA generally will vote AGAINST proposals intended largely to avoid acquisition prior to the occurrence of an actual event or to discourage acquisition by creating a cost constraint. With respect to the following measures, CMA generally will vote as follows:
Poison Pills
• | CMA votes FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification. |
• | CMA generally votes FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate a poison pill. |
• | CMA generally votes AGAINST management proposals to ratify a poison pill. |
Greenmail
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or to otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments. |
Supermajority vote
• | CMA will vote AGAINST board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures such as supermajority voting provisions, issuance of blank check preferred stock, the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights and charter amendments adopting control share acquisition provisions. |
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Control Share Acquisition Provisions
• | CMA will vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes. |
6. Other Business Matters
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Bylaw amendments giving holders of at least 25% of outstanding common stock the ability to call a special meeting of stockholders. |
• | Board governance document amendments or other proposals which give the lead independent director the authority to call special meetings of the independent directors at any time. |
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Proposals to approve routine business matters such as changing the company’s name and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting such as approving the minutes of a prior meeting. |
• | Proposals to ratify the appointment of auditors, unless any of the following apply in which case CMA will generally vote AGAINST the proposal: |
• | Credible reason exists to question: |
• | The auditor’s independence, as determined by applicable regulatory requirements. |
• | The accuracy or reliability of the auditor’s opinion as to the company’s financial position. |
• | Fees paid to the auditor or its affiliates for “non-audit” services were excessive, i.e., in excess of the total fees paid for “audit,” “audit-related” and “tax compliance” and/or “tax return preparation” services, as disclosed in the company’s proxy materials. |
• | Bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (e.g., updates or corrections). |
• | Proposals to approve the annual reports and accounts provided the certifications required by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 have been provided. |
CMA generally will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals to eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent or call special meetings. |
• | Proposals providing management with authority to adjourn an annual or special shareholder meeting absent compelling reasons, or to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws without shareholder approval, or to vote unmarked proxies in favor of management. |
• | Shareholder proposals to change the date, time or location of the company’s annual meeting of shareholders. |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Authorization to transact other unidentified substantive (as opposed to procedural) business at a meeting. |
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
• | Proposals to change the location of the company’s state of incorporation. CMA considers whether financial benefits (e.g., reduced fees or taxes) likely to accrue to the company as a result of a reincorporation or other change of domicile outweigh any accompanying material diminution of shareholder rights. |
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• | Proposals on whether and how to vote on “bundled” or otherwise conditioned proposals, depending on the overall economic effects upon shareholders. |
CMA generally will ABSTAIN from voting on shareholder proposals predominantly involving social, socio-economic, environmental, political or other similar matters on the basis that their impact on share value can rarely be anticipated with any high degree of confidence. CMA may, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, vote:
• | FOR proposals seeking inquiry and reporting with respect to, rather than cessation or affirmative implementation of, specific policies where the pertinent issue warrants separate communication to shareholders; and |
• | FOR or AGAINST the latter sort of proposal in light of the relative benefits and detriments (e.g. distraction, costs, other burdens) to share value which may be expected to flow from passage of the proposal. |
7. Other Matters Relating to Foreign Issues
CMA generally will vote FOR:
• | Most stock (scrip) dividend proposals. CMA votes AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value. |
• | Proposals to capitalize the company’s reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase the par value of shares. |
• | Proposals to approve control and profit transfer agreements between a parent and its subsidiaries. |
• | Management proposals seeking the discharge of management and supervisory board members, unless there is concern about the past actions of the company’s auditors/directors and/or legal action is being taken against the board by other shareholders. |
• | Management proposals concerning allocation of income and the distribution of dividends, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
• | Proposals for the adoption of financing plans if they are in the best economic interests of shareholders. |
CMA will generally vote FOR proposals to approve Directors’ Fees, unless the proxy vendor would vote against such proposal in accordance with its guidelines, in which case CMA will evaluate the proposal on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
CMA will evaluate management proposals to approve protective preference shares for Netherlands located company-friendly foundations proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis and will only support resolutions if:
• | The supervisory board needs to approve an issuance of shares while the supervisory board is independent within the meaning of CMA’s categorization rules and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. |
• | No call/put option agreement exists between the company and the foundation. |
• | There is a qualifying offer clause or there are annual management and supervisory board elections. |
• | The issuance authority is for a maximum of 18 months. |
• | The board of the company-friendly foundation is independent. |
• | The company has disclosed under what circumstances it expects to make use of the possibility to issue preference shares. |
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• | There are no priority shares or other egregious protective or entrenchment tools. |
• | The company releases its proxy circular, with details of the poison pill proposal, at least three weeks prior to the meeting. |
• | Art 2:359c Civil Code of the legislative proposal has been implemented. |
8. Investment Company Matters
Election of Directors:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the election of directors, considering the following factors:
• | Board structure |
• | Attendance at board and committee meetings. |
CMA will WITHHOLD votes from directors who:
• | Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse for the absences. Valid reasons include illness or absence due to company business. Participation via telephone is acceptable. In addition, if the director missed only one meeting or one day’s meetings, votes should not be withheld even if such absence dropped the director’s attendance below 75 percent. |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of shares outstanding; |
• | Ignore a shareholder proposal this is approved by a majority of the votes cast for two consecutive years; |
• | Are interested directors and sit on the audit or nominating committee; or |
• | Are interested directors and the full board serves as the audit or nominating committee or the company does not have one of these committees. |
Proxy Contests:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for proxy contests, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance relative to its peers |
• | Market in which fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the pertinent issues (e.g., closed-end fund share market value discount to NAV) |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity and votes on related proposals |
• | Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents |
• | Independence of incumbent directors; director nominees |
• | Experience and skills of director nominees |
• | Governance profile of the company |
• | Evidence of management entrenchment |
Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund:
CMA will vote conversion proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Past performance as a closed-end fund |
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• | Market in which the fund invests |
• | Measures taken by the board to address the discount |
• | Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals. |
Investment Advisory Agreements:
CMA will vote investment advisory agreements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Proposed and current fee schedules |
• | Fund category/investment objective |
• | Performance benchmarks |
• | Share price performance as compared with peers |
• | Resulting fees relative to peers |
• | Assignments (where the adviser undergoes a change of control) Approving New Classes or Series of Shares: |
Approving New Classes or Series of Shares
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.
Preferred Stock Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals for the authorization for or increase in the preferred shares, considering the following factors:
• | Stated specific financing purpose |
• | Possible dilution for common shares |
• | Whether the shares can be used for anti-takeover purposes |
Policies Addressed by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”):
CMA will vote proposals regarding adoption or changes of policies addressed by the 1940 Act on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Regulatory developments |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Current and potential risk |
CMA generally will vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with current SEC interpretations.
Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Non-fundamental Restriction:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a non-fundamental restriction, considering the following factors:
• | Fund’s target investments |
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• | Reasons given by the fund for the change |
• | Projected impact of the change on the portfolio |
Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Non-fundamental:
CMA will vote AGAINST proposals to change a fund’s investment objective from fundamental to non-fundamental unless management acknowledges meaningful limitations upon its future requested ability to change the objective
Name Change Proposals:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s name, considering the following factors:
• | Political/economic changes in the target market |
• | Consolidation in the target market |
• | Current asset composition |
Change in Fund’s Subclassification:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change a fund’s subclassification, considering the following factors:
• | Potential competitiveness |
• | Current and potential returns |
• | Risk of concentration |
• | Consolidation in target industry |
Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis these proposals, considering the following factors:
• | Strategies employed to salvage the company |
• | Past performance of the fund |
• | Terms of the liquidation |
Changes to the Charter Document:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to change the charter document, considering the following factors:
• | The degree of change implied by the proposal |
• | The efficiencies that could result |
• | The state of incorporation; net effect on shareholder rights |
• | Regulatory standards and implications |
CMA will vote FOR:
• | Proposals allowing the Board to impose, without shareholder approval, fees payable upon redemption of fund shares, provided imposition of such fees is likely to benefit long-term fund investors (e.g., by deterring market timing activity by other fund investors) |
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• | Proposals enabling the Board to amend, without shareholder approval, the fund’s management agreement(s) with its investment adviser(s) or sub-advisers, provided the amendment is not required by applicable law (including the Investment Company Act of 1940) or interpretations thereunder to require such approval |
CMA will vote AGAINST:
• | Proposals enabling the Board to: |
• | Change, without shareholder approval the domicile of the fund |
• | Adopt, without shareholder approval, material amendments of the fund’s declaration of trust or other organizational document |
Changing the Domicile of a Fund:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reincorporate, considering the following factors:
• | Regulations of both states |
• | Required fundamental policies of both states |
• | The increased flexibility available |
Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval:
CMA will vote FOR proposals to enable the Board or Investment Adviser to hire and terminate sub-advisers, without shareholder approval, in accordance with applicable rules or exemptive orders under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Distribution Agreements:
CMA will vote these proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives |
• | The proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance |
• | The competitiveness of the fund in the industry |
• | Terms of the agreement |
Master-Feeder Structure:
CMA will vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.
Mergers:
CMA will vote merger proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:
• | Resulting fee structure |
• | Performance of both funds |
• | Continuity of management personnel |
• | Changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights |
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Shareholder Proposals to Establish Director Ownership Requirement:
CMA will generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While CMA favors stockownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.
Shareholder Proposals to Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses.
Shareholder Proposals to Terminate the Investment Adviser:
CMA will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to terminate the investment adviser, considering the following factors:
• | Performance of the fund’s NAV |
• | The fund’s history of shareholder relations |
• | The performance of other funds under the adviser’s management |
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APPENDIX B
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form
Conflict Review Questionnaire for Proxy Voting Working Group Members and Other Individuals Participating in the Proxy Voting Decision-Making Process.
Instructions: Please complete each of the questions. Please provide an explanation for any affirmative responses. Return the completed questionnaire to Columbia Management Conflicts of Interest Officer.
Issuer and Proxy Matter: | ||
1. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any management personnel of the issuer?1 |
2. | Do you or any member of your immediate family have an existing (or potential) business, financial, personal or other relationship with any person participating, supporting, opposing or otherwise connected with the particular proxy proposal (e.g., principals of the issuer; director nominees of issuer company; shareholder activists)? |
3. | Have you discussed this particular proxy proposal with anyone outside of Columbia Management’s investment group?2 |
4. | Are you aware of any other potential personal conflicts of interest not described above? Please detail below. |
Name: |
Signed: |
Date: |
1 | Personal investing in the issuer by you or a member of your immediate family does not require an affirmative response to this item. |
2 | Communications with issuer or solicitors in the regular course of business would not have to be disclosed on this form. |
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APPENDIX C
CMA Proxy Vote Recommendation/Proxy Committee Request Form
Name of Investment Associate:
Company Name:
Overview of Proxy Vote and Meeting Date:
Proxy Agenda Item(s)
Description of Item:
(The above information will be pre-populated by the Proxy Department.)
Recommendation (FOR, AGAINST, ABSTAIN) including brief rationale:
Please attach any supporting information other than analysis or reports provided by the Proxy Department.
|
|
Signed
By signing, I am certifying that I either have no conflicts of interest-related information to report or have sent a completed “Conflicts of Interest Disclosure and Certification Form” to Compliance Risk Management (Conflicts Officer).
Send Completed Forms to:
GWIM Investment Operations — Proxy Department
or
In the case of Proxy Votes to be referred to the Proxy Committee, submit this form and materials to the Chair of the Proxy Committee
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Appendix C - Pro forma financial statements of Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund, Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund and Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund
NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE PRO FORMA EFFECTS OF THE REORGANIZATIONS
The unaudited pro forma information set forth below for the twelve month periods ended on the dates indicated is intended to present supplemental data as if the reorganizations of one or more funds (each a “Selling Fund” and together, the “Selling Funds”) into other corresponding funds (each a “Buying Fund” and together, the “Buying Funds”), as noted in Table 1 below (the “Reorganizations”), had occurred as of the beginning of the period (unless otherwise noted). No Reorganization is contingent upon any other Reorganization. Information has not been presented for any Reorganizations involving a Selling Fund the net assets of which were less than 10% of the net assets of the corresponding Buying Fund as of October 6, 2010.
Table 1 – Reorganizations
Selling Fund | Buying Fund | Period Ended | ||
RiverSource California Tax Exempt Fund | Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund | April 30, 2010 | ||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | April 30, 2010 | ||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund | Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund | April 30, 2010 | ||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | May 31, 2010 | ||
Seligman National Municipal Fund | Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund | May 31, 2010 |
Basis of Combination
In August 2010, the Boards of Directors/Trustees of the Selling Funds approved an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Plan of Reorganization”) pursuant to which, subject to shareholder approval, each Selling Fund will transfer all of its assets to the corresponding Buying Fund in exchange for shares of the corresponding Buying Fund (“Reorganization Shares”) and each Buying Fund will assume all of the liabilities of the corresponding Selling Fund. Selling Fund shareholders will receive the class of Reorganization Shares indicated in Table 2 below. Each Buying Fund will issue Reorganization Shares with an aggregate net asset value equal to the aggregate value of the assets that it receives from the corresponding Selling Fund, less the liabilities it assumes from the corresponding Selling Fund. All Reorganization Shares delivered to the Selling Funds will be delivered at net asset value without a sales load, commission or other similar fee being imposed. Immediately following the transfer, the Reorganization Shares received by each Selling Fund attributable to each class thereof will be distributed pro rata, on what is expected to be a tax-free basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to the shareholders of such class of the Selling Fund in proportion to their holdings of shares of the Selling Fund.
Table 2 – Reorganization Shares
Selling Fund Share Class | Reorganization Share Class | |||
Class A | g | Class A | ||
Class B | g | Class B | ||
Class C | g | Class C |
Under the terms of the Plan of Reorganization, each Reorganization will be accounted for by the method of accounting for tax-free mergers of investment companies. Following the Reorganizations, the Buying Funds will be the accounting survivors. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, the historical cost of investment securities will be carried forward to the surviving funds and the results of operations for pre-Reorganization periods will not be restated. The costs of the Reorganizations, current estimates of which are set forth in Table 5 below, will be borne by the Selling Funds and the Buying Funds (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) up to the amount of the anticipated reduction in expenses borne by that Fund over the first year following the Reorganization. Any Reorganization expenses otherwise allocable to a Fund that are in excess of that limitation will be borne by Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“Columbia Management”) or its
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affiliates and not by any other Fund. If a Reorganization is not consummated, Columbia Management or its affiliates will bear the costs associated with that Reorganization. The pro forma information provided herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements of the Funds included in their most recent annual reports and, as applicable, the unaudited financial statements of the Funds included in their most recent semi-annual reports, in each case dated as indicated in Table 3 below.
Table 3 – Shareholder Reports and Statements of Additional Information Dates
Fund | Annual Report | Semi-Annual Report | ||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | 10/31/2009 | 4/30/2010 | ||
RiverSource California Tax Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | 8/31/2010 | N/A | ||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | 10/31/2009 | 4/30/2010 | ||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | 8/31/2010 | N/A | ||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | 9/30/2009 | 3/31/2010 | ||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | 11/30/2009 | 5/31/2010 | ||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | 11/30/2009 | 5/31/2010 | ||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | 9/30/2009 | 3/31/2010 |
Table 4 below presents, as of the date indicated, the net assets of each Fund.
Table 4 – Selling Funds and Buying Funds Net Assets
Fund | Net Assets | As-Of Date | ||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 394,055,829 | April 30, 2010 | |||||
RiverSource California Tax Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 153,531,236 | April 30, 2010 | |||||
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 66,236,853 | April 30, 2010 | |||||
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 54,044,856 | April 30, 2010 | |||||
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 83,253,292 | April 30, 2010 | |||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | $ | 2,235,665,380 | May 31, 2010 | |||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 2,262,673,426 | May 31, 2010 | |||||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | $ | 643,292,478 | May 31, 2010 |
The number of Reorganizations into each Buying Fund that occur will affect the net assets and total annual operating expenses of the Buying Fund and the costs of each Reorganization. Table 5 presents the estimated Reorganization costs (exclusive of any transaction costs associated with any portfolio realignment); the net assets as of the date indicated in Table 4 above of each Buying Fund assuming the indicated Reorganizations occurred on that date, after accounting for the estimated Reorganization costs to be borne by the Buying Fund and the corresponding Selling Funds; and, on a pro forma basis, the estimated relative increases or decreases in combined operating expenses that would have been incurred during the one-year period ended on the date indicated in Table 4 above, assuming in each case that (1) certain, but not all, of the Reorganizations into each Buying Fund are consummated or (2) that all of the Reorganizations into each Buying Fund are consummated. Specifically, the table presents information assuming (a) the combination of Reorganizations into each Buying Fund that results in the highest possible total annual operating expense ratio are consummated, and (b) all of the Reorganizations into each Buying Fund, which results in the lowest possible total annual operating expense ratio. The pro forma increases and
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decreases represent the differences between (i) the combined expenses actually charged to the Buying Fund(s) and the Selling Fund during the period and (ii) the expenses that would have been charged to the combined assets of the Buying and Selling Funds if the reorganizations and other contractual changes had occurred at the beginning of the year.
The unaudited pro forma information set forth in Table 5 below reflects adjustments made to expenses for differences in contractual rates, duplicate services and other services that would not have occurred if the Reorganizations had taken place on the first day of the period described in Table 1 above. The pro forma information has been derived from the books and records of the Funds utilized in calculating daily net asset value for the Funds and has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require the use of management estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Table 5 – Estimated Reorganization Costs, Combined Fund Net Assets and Pro Forma Increases or Decreases in Expenses (1)
Proposal 1 | ||||
Estimated Reorganization Costs | $ | 25,858 | ||
Combined Fund Net Assets as of the Date Indicated in Table 4 | $ | 547,561,207 | ||
Increase (Decrease) | ||||
Management fees (2) | ($183,094 | ) | ||
Custodian fees (3) | ($11,178 | ) | ||
Service and distribution fees (7) | $ | 8,054 | ||
Pricing and bookkeeping (4) | ($123,971 | ) | ||
Professional fees (5) | ($22,761 | ) | ||
Registration fees (5) | ($40,192 | ) | ||
Reports to shareholders (5) | ($7,849 | ) | ||
Transfer agency fees (3) | $ | 80,504 | ||
Other (5) | ($1,366 | ) | ||
(Increase) Decrease | ||||
Waiver and/or reimbursement of fund expenses (6) | $ | 87,840 |
Proposal 2 | Highest Annual Operating Expense Ratio (the Reorganization of only Seligman New York Municipal Fund) | Lowest Annual Operating Expense Ratio (the Reorganization of all of the Selling Funds) | ||||||
Estimated Reorganization Costs | $ | 18,917 | $ | 18,917 | ||||
Combined Fund Net Assets as of the Date Indicated in Table 4 | $ | 149,471,228 | $ | 203,516,084 | ||||
Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) | |||||||
Management fees (2) | ($30,633 | ) | ($36,142 | ) | ||||
Custodian fees (3) | ($23,260 | ) | ($23,159 | ) | ||||
Service and distribution fees (7) | $ | 15,380 | $ | 14,081 | ||||
Pricing and bookkeeping (4) | ($57,714 | ) | ($57,174 | ) | ||||
Professional fees (5) | ($19,160 | ) | ($45,660 | ) | ||||
Registration fees (5) | ($52,354 | ) | ($104,608 | ) | ||||
Reports to shareholders (5) | ($5,083 | ) | ($6,458 | ) | ||||
Transfer agency fees (3) | $ | 1,795 | $ | 4,130 |
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Other (5) | $ | 5,444 | $ | 8,966 | ||||
(Increase) Decrease | (Increase) Decrease | |||||||
Waiver and/or reimbursement of fund expenses (6) | $ | 4,037 | $ | 92,709 |
Proposal 3 | Highest Annual Operating Expense Ratio (the Reorganization of only Seligman National Municipal Fund) | Lowest Annual Operating Expense Ratio (the Reorganization of all of the Selling Funds) | ||||||
Estimated Reorganization Costs | $ | 112,482 | $ | 357,063 | ||||
Combined Fund Net Assets as of the Date Indicated in Table 4 | $ | 2,878,845,376 | $ | 5,141,274,221 | ||||
Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) | |||||||
Management fees (2) | ($1,007,854 | ) | ($3,912,562 | ) | ||||
Custodian fees (3) | ($67,703 | ) | ($76,150 | ) | ||||
Service and distribution fees (7) | ($285,896 | ) | ($1,409,625 | ) | ||||
Pricing and bookkeeping (4) | ($199,136 | ) | ($199,136 | ) | ||||
Professional fees (5) | ($20,377 | ) | ($40,080 | ) | ||||
Registration fees (5) | ($45,956 | ) | ($115,706 | ) | ||||
Reports to shareholders (5) | ($20,959 | ) | ($29,319 | ) | ||||
Transfer agency fees (3) | $ | 70,636 | $ | 781,647 | ||||
Other (5) | ($9,744 | ) | ($57,977 | ) | ||||
(Increase) Decrease | (Increase) Decrease | |||||||
Waiver and/or reimbursement of fund expenses (6) | $ | 330,343 | $ | 1,886,003 |
(1) | See “Fees and Expenses” in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus for more information. |
(2) | Management fees are composed of an advisory fee and an administration fee and have been adjusted to reflect the contractual rates charged to the Buying Fund, proposed to be effective in the second quarter of 2011. |
(3) | Adjustment reflects changes in contractual rates. |
(4) | Adjustment reflects changes in contractual rates. This service will not be separately charged and will be provided as a component of administration services. |
(5) | Adjustment reflects the elimination of duplicate services. |
(6) | Adjustment reflects the aggregate (increase) decrease in expense reimbursements and/or waivers by Columbia Management and its affiliates. |
(7) | Adjustment reflects a change to the effective fee rate charged to the assets of the Selling Fund(s). |
Pursuant to an Investment Management Services Agreement with Columbia Management, each Fund pays a monthly management fee to Columbia Management based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, at the annual rates shown in Table 6 below. The Board of Trustees of each Buying Fund has approved a new Investment Management Services Agreement (“New Agreement”) for each of the Buying Funds, under which management fees would be paid to Columbia Management based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, at the annual rates shown below.
The New Agreements are not subject to approval by shareholders of such Buying Funds.
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Table 6 – Investment Management Fees
Fund | Assets (billions) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Current) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Buying Fund - Proposed) | |||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund)
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | First $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $2.0 Next $3.0 Next $1.5 Over $7.5 |
| 0.500 0.500 0.450 0.400 0.400 0.400 | % % % % % % |
| 0.400 0.350 0.320 0.290 0.280 0.270 | % % % % % % | |||
RiverSource California Tax Exempt Fund (Selling Fund)
RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund)
Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | First $0.25 Next $0.25 Next $0.25 Next $0.25 Next $6.5 Next $2.5 Next $5.0 Next $9.0 Next $26.0 Over $50.0 |
| 0.410 0.385 0.360 0.345 0.320 0.310 0.300 0.290 0.270 0.250 | % % % % % % % % % % | N/A | |||||
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | First $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $1.0 Next $3.0 Next $3.0 Next $1.0 Next $5.0 Next $9.0 Next $26.0 Over $50.0 |
| 0.550 0.500 0.470 0.440 0.440 0.430 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 | % % % % % % % % % % % % |
| 0.410 0.410 0.385 0.385 0.360 0.335 0.310 0.300 0.290 0.280 0.260 0.250 | % % % % % % % % % % % % | |||
Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) | First $1.0 Next $1.0 Next $1.0 Next $3.0 Next $1.5 Next $2.5 Next $5.0 Next $9.0 Next $26.0 Over $50.0 |
| 0.410 0.385 0.360 0.335 0.310 0.300 0.290 0.280 0.260 0.250 | % % % % % % % % % % | N/A | |||||
RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | First $1.0 Over $1.0 |
| 0.470 0.400 | % % | N/A |
Pursuant to an Administrative Services Agreement with Columbia Management or Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (“Ameriprise Financial”), as indicated in Table 7 below, each Fund’s administrator (“Administrator”) provides most
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administrative services to the Fund. For all services provided under the Administrative Services Agreement, each Fund pays its Administrator a monthly administration fee as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets, at the annual rates shown in Table 7 below. The Board of Trustees of each Buying Fund has approved a new Administrative Services Agreement for the Fund under which administration fees would be paid to Columbia Management based on the average daily net assets of the Fund, at the annual rates shown below.
Table 7 – Administration Fees
Fund | Administrator | Assets (billions) | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level | Annual Rate at Each Asset Level (Buying Fund - New) | ||||||||
Columbia California Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund)
Columbia New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund)
Columbia Tax-Exempt Fund (Buying Fund) | Columbia Management | First $0.25 Next $0.75 Next $2.0 Next $9.0 Over $12.0 |
| 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 | % % % % % |
| 0.070 0.065 0.060 0.050 0.040 | % % % % % | ||||
RiverSource California Tax Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) RiverSource New York Tax-Exempt Fund (Selling Fund) Seligman New York Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) Seligman National Municipal Fund (Selling Fund) RiverSource Tax-Exempt High Income Fund (Selling Fund) | Ameriprise Financial | First $0.5 Next $0.5 Next $2.0 Next $9.0 Over $12.0 |
| 0.070 0.065 0.060 0.050 0.040 | % % % % % | N/A |
Ameriprise Financial provides accounting services as part of its Administrative Services Agreement. State Street Bank and Trust Company provides accounting services to the Funds administered by Columbia Management.
Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., an affiliate of Columbia Management, is the transfer agent for each Fund. Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc., an affiliate of Columbia Management, is the distributor for each Fund.
No significant accounting policies will change as the result of the proposed Reorganizations.
The estimated costs of the Reorganizations shown in Table 5 above do not reflect any brokerage commissions incurred by a Fund in connection with any portfolio realignment. Columbia Management expects that, subsequent to the Reorganizations, there may be some portfolio realignment of the Buying Funds (of securities acquired from the Selling Funds). However, Columbia Management expects that any such portfolio realignment will not result in any significant increase in a Buying Fund’s portfolio turnover rate, relative to its historical portfolio turnover rates. Columbia Management also does not expect any incremental trading costs to be significant.
Federal Income Taxes
Please see “Tax Status of the Reorganizations” in the Prospectus/Proxy Statement for a discussion of the tax effects of each Reorganization.
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It is each Fund’s policy to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to regulated investment companies, and to distribute all of its investment company taxable income to shareholders. After the Reorganizations, the Buying Funds intend to continue to qualify as regulated investment companies.
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COLUMBIA FUNDS SERIES TRUST I
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 15. | Indemnification |
Article Five of the Bylaws of Registrant (“Article Five”) provides that Registrant shall indemnify each of its trustees and officers (including persons who serve at Registrant’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which Registrant has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) who are not employees or officers of any investment adviser to Registrant or any affiliated person thereof, and its chief compliance officer, regardless of whether such person is an employee or officer of any investment adviser to Registrant or any affiliated person thereof, and may indemnify each of its trustees and officers (including persons who serve at Registrant’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which Registrant has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) who are employees or officers of any investment adviser to Registrant or any affiliated person thereof (“Covered Persons”) under specified circumstances.
Section 17(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”) provides that neither the Agreement and Declaration of Trust nor the Bylaws of Registrant, nor any other instrument pursuant to which Registrant is organized or administered, shall contain any provision which protects or purports to protect any trustee or officer of Registrant against any liability to Registrant or its shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. In accordance with Section 17(h) of the 1940 Act, Article Five shall not protect any person against any liability to Registrant or its shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. To the extent required under the 1940 Act, (i) Article Five does not protect any person against any liability to Registrant or to its shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office; (ii) in the absence of a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom a proceeding was brought that a Covered Person was not liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office, no indemnification is permitted under Article Five unless a determination that such person was not so liable is made on behalf of Registrant by (a) the vote of a majority of the trustees who are neither “interested persons” of Registrant, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, nor parties to the proceeding (“disinterested, non-party trustees”), or (b) an independent legal counsel as expressed in a written opinion; and (iii) Registrant will not advance attorneys’ fees or other expenses incurred by a Covered Person in connection with a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding unless Registrant receives an undertaking by or on behalf of the Covered Person to repay the advance (unless it is ultimately determined that he is entitled to indemnification) and (a) the Covered Person provides security for his undertaking, or (b) Registrant is insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (c) a majority of the disinterested, non-party trustees of Registrant or an independent legal counsel as expressed in a written opinion, determine, based on a review of readily-available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
Any approval of indemnification pursuant to Article Five does not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with Article Five as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person’s action was in, or not opposed to, the best interests of Registrant or to have been liable to Registrant or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office.
Article Five also provides that its indemnification provisions are not exclusive. Registrant has also entered into Indemnification Agreements with each of its trustees and its chief compliance officer, a copy of which has been filed as an exhibit to this registration statement, establishing certain procedures with respect to the indemnification described above.
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Registrant’s investment adviser, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, maintains investment advisory professional liability insurance to insure it, for the benefit of Registrant and its non-interested trustees, against loss arising out of any effort, omission, or breach of any duty owed to Registrant or any series of Registrant by Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC.
Item 16. | Exhibits |
(1) | (a) Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 10, 2005. (1) |
(1) | (b) Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 10, 2005. (1) |
(2) | Amended and Restated By-laws of Registrant. (2) |
(3) | Not applicable. |
(4) | Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization is filed electronically herewith. |
(5) | Not applicable. |
(6) | (a) Investment Management Services Agreement by and between Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC and Registrant, dated as of May 1, 2010. (18) |
(6) | (b) Investment Management Services Agreement by and between Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC and Registrant, dated as of May 1, 2010 (CMG Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund). (18) |
(7) | Distribution Agreement by and between Registrant and Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. dated as of September 7, 2010. (19) |
(8) | Not Applicable. |
(9) | Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated September 19, 2005. (3) |
(10) | (a) Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1. (19) |
(10) | (b) Amended and Restated Shareholder Servicing Plan for certain Fund share classes of the Registrant. (19) |
(10) | (c) Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan for Registrant’s Class T shares. (19) |
(10) | (d) Shareholder Servicing Plan Implementation Agreement for certain Fund share classes of the Registrant between the Registrant, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Series Trust II and Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (19) |
(10) | (e) Shareholder Servicing Plan Implementation Agreement for Registrant’s Class T shares between the Registrant and Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (19) |
(10) | (f) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Multi-Class Plan. (19) |
(11) | Opinion and consent of counsel as to the legality of the securities being registered is filed electronically herewith. |
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(12) | Opinion of Counsel—to be filed by amendment. |
(13) | (a) Administrative Services Agreement by and between Registrant, the other parties listed on Schedule A and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC dated as of May 1, 2010 with Schedule A dated May 1, 2010. (18) |
(13) | (b)(i) Financial Reporting Services Agreement between Registrant, the other parties listed on Schedule A, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated December 15, 2006 with Schedule A dated May 5, 2008. (8) |
(13) | (b)(ii) Amendment to Financial Reporting Services Agreement between Registrant, the other parties listed on Schedule A, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated as of June 29, 2007 with Schedule A dated as of June 29, 2007. (12) |
(13) | (b)(iii) Amendment to Financial Reporting Services Agreement by and among Registrant, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, State Street Bank and Trust Company, and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC dated as of April 30, 2010, with Schedule A dated as of May 1, 2010. (18) |
(13) | (c)(i) Accounting Services Agreement between Registrant, the other parties listed on Schedule A, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated as of December 15, 2006 with Schedule A dated May 5, 2008. (8) |
(13) | (c)(ii) Amendment to Accounting Services Agreement between Registrant, the other parties listed on Schedule A, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated as of June 29, 2007 with Schedule A dated as of June 29, 2007. (12) |
(13) | (c)(iii) Amendment to Accounting Services Agreement by and among Registrant, Columbia Management Advisors, LLC, State Street Bank and Trust Company, and Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC dated as of April 30, 2010, with Schedule A dated as of May 1, 2010. (18) |
(13) | (d) Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent Agreement by and between Registrant and Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. dated as of September 7, 2010 with Schedule A dated as of September 7, 2010. (19) |
(13) | (e) Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of October 19, 2006 by and among Registrant and certain other trusts party thereto, on behalf of certain of their series listed on Schedule A thereto, Columbia Fund Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I and Banc of America Funds Trust, on behalf of certain of their series listed on Schedule B thereto, Lloyds TSB Bank plc, Société Générale, New York Branch, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A., State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, State Street Bank and Trust Company, as administrative agent for each of the banks party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as operations agent for each of the banks party thereto. (4) |
(13) | (f) Amendment Agreement No. 1 and Instrument of Adherence dated as of October 18, 2007 by and among Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Banc of America Funds Trust, Excelsior Funds, Inc., Excelsior Funds Trust and Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., Registrant, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust and Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, the banks party thereto, State Street Bank and Trust Company, as operations agent for itself and the banks party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as administrative agent for itself and the banks party thereto. (4) |
(13) | (g) Letter agreement dated as of September 19, 2005, by and among Nations Funds Trust, Nations Master Investment Trust and Nations Separate Account Trust, each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as acknowledged by State Street Bank and Trust Company, as custodian. (4) |
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(13) | (h) Letter agreement dated as of February 15, 2006, by and among Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust and Nations Separate Account Trust, each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank and Trust Company. (4) |
(13) | (i) Letter agreement dated as of June 7, 2006, by and among Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I and Bank of America Funds Trust, each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank and Trust Company. (4) |
(13) | (j) Letter agreement dated as of September 15, 2006, by and among Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I and Bank of America Funds Trust, each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank and Trust Company. (4) |
(13) | (k) Letter agreement dated as of October 19, 2006, by and among Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Bank of America Funds Trust, Registrant, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust and Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as acknowledged by State Street Bank and Trust Company, as custodian. (4) |
(13) | (l) Letter agreement dated as of September 17, 2007, by and among Registrant, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Fund Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Banc of America Funds Trust, Excelsior Funds, Inc., Excelsior Funds Trust and Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as acknowledged by State Street Bank and Trust Company, as custodian. (4) |
(13) | (m) Letter agreement dated as of October 18, 2007, by and among Registrant, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust and Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, each on behalf of certain of its series, as set forth on Appendix I to the Sixth Amendment Agreement, Columbia Fund Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Banc of America Funds Trust, Excelsior Funds, Inc., Excelsior Funds Trust and Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., each on behalf of certain of its series, as set forth on Appendix I thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as acknowledged by State Street Bank and Trust Company, as custodian. (4) |
(13) | (n) Letter agreement dated as of February 28, 2008, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Banc of America Funds Trust, Excelsior Funds, Inc., Excelsior Funds Trust, and Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as acknowledged by State Street Bank and Trust Company, as custodian. (7) |
(13) | (o) Amendment Agreement No. 2 dated as of February 28, 2008 by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Banc of America Funds Trust, Excelsior Funds, Inc., Excelsior Funds Trust, and Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., the banks party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as operations agent for itself and the banks party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as administrative agent for itself and the banks party thereto. (7) |
(13) | (p) Letter agreement dated as of August 29, 2008, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Banc of America Funds Trust, Excelsior Funds, Inc., Excelsior Funds Trust, and Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., each on behalf of certain of its series, and State Street Bank Trust Company, individually, as acknowledged by State Street Bank and Trust Company, as custodian. (9) |
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(13) | (q) Form of Indemnification Agreement. (2) |
(13) | (r) Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement Agreement between Registrant and Columbia Management Advisors, LLC dated November 19, 2008 with Schedule A dated December 1, 2008. (11) |
(13) | (s) Amendment Agreement No. 3, dated March 31, 2008, to the Limited Waiver and Limited Consent, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I and Banc of America Funds Trust, on behalf of each of their respective series listed on Schedule 2 and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as operations agent and as administrative agent. (11) |
(13) | (t) Amendment Agreement No. 4, dated October 16, 2008, to the Limited Waiver and Limited Consent, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I and Banc of America Funds Trust, on behalf of each of their respective series listed on Schedule 2 and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as operations agent and as administrative agent. (10) |
(13) | (u) Amendment Agreement No. 5 and Limited Consent, dated as of June 1, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Banc of America Funds Trust, each on behalf of each of its respective series listed on Schedule 2 thereto and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as operations agent and as administrative agent. (13) |
(13) | (v) Amendment Agreement No. 6, dated as of October 15, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Funds Institutional Trust, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, Columbia Funds Series Trust II, each on behalf of each of its respective series listed on Schedule 2 thereto and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as operations agent and as administrative agent. (14) |
(13) | (w) Plan Administration Services Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2010, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Series Trust and Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. (19) |
(13) | (x) Amendment Agreement No. 7, dated as of October 14, 2010, by and among the Registrant, Columbia Funds Series Trust, Columbia Funds Master Investment Trust, LLC, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust, Columbia Funds Series Trust II, Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust I, each on behalf of its respective series listed on Schedule 2 attached thereto and State Street Bank and Trust Company, individually, as operations agent and as administrative agent. (20) |
(13) | (y)(1) Columbia Funds Family Code of Ethics as revised September, 2009. (16) |
(13) | (y)(2) Code of Ethics of Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC and Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. dated May 1, 2010. (18) |
(14) | (a) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Ernst & Young LLP) is filed electronically herewith. |
(14) | (b) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Ernst & Young LLP) is filed electronically herewith. |
(14) | (c) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP) is filed electronically herewith. |
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(14) | (d) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP) is filed electronically herewith. |
(15) | Not applicable. |
(16) | Trustees Power of Attorney to sign Amendments to this Registration Statement is filed electronically herewith. |
(17) | Not applicable. |
1. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about September 16, 2005. |
2. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about March 24, 2006. |
3. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about March 29, 2007. |
4. | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-14 (File No. 333-148106), filed on or about December 17, 2007. |
5. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about August 30, 1996. |
6. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about January 16, 2008. |
7. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about March 28, 2008. |
8. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about July 29, 2008. |
9. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about September 25, 2008. |
10. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about October 27, 2008. |
11. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 81 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about November 25, 2008. |
12. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about July 29, 2009. |
13. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about August 28, 2009. |
14. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 94 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about October 28, 2009. |
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15. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about November 20, 2009. |
16. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about December 29, 2009. |
17. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to the Registration Statement of Columbia Funds Variable Insurance Trust on Form N-1A (File Nos. 33-14954 and 811-05199), filed on or about April 29, 2010. |
18. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about May 28, 2010. |
19. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about September 27, 2010. |
20. | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registration Statement of the Registrant on Form N-1A, filed on or about October 28, 2010. |
Item 17. | Undertakings |
(1) | The undersigned registrant agrees that prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered through the use of a prospectus which is a part of this registration statement by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c) of the Securities Act, the reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form for reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form. |
(2) | The undersigned registrant agrees that every prospectus that is filed under paragraph (1) above will be filed as a part of an amendment to the registration statement and will not be used until the amendment is effective, and that, in determining any liability under the 1933 Act, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement for the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering of them. |
(3) | The Registrant undertakes to file the opinion of counsel supporting the tax consequences of the proposed reorganization required by Item 16(12) through an amendment to this Registration Statement no later than a reasonable time after the closing of the transaction. |
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SIGNATURES
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed on behalf of the Registrant by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Minneapolis, and The State of Minnesota on the 3rd day of November, 2010.
COLUMBIA FUNDS SERIES TRUST I | ||
By: | /S/ J. KEVIN CONNAUGHTON | |
Name: | J. Kevin Connaughton | |
Title: | President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:
SIGNATURES | TITLE | DATE | ||
/S/ J. KEVIN CONNAUGHTON J. Kevin Connaughton | President (Principal Executive Officer) | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ MICHAEL G. CLARKE Michael G. Clarke | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ JOSEPH F. DIMARIA Joseph F. DiMaria | Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ JOHN D. COLLINS* John D. Collins | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ RODMAN L. DRAKE* Rodman L. Drake | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ DOUGLAS A. HACKER* Douglas A. Hacker | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ JANET LANGFORD KELLY* Janet Langford Kelly | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ WILLIAM E. MAYER* William E. Mayer | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ CHARLES R. NELSON* Charles R. Nelson | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ JOHN J. NEUHAUSER* John J. Neuhauser | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ JONATHAN PIEL* Jonathan Piel | Trustee | November 3, 2010 | ||
/S/ PATRICK J. SIMPSON* Patrick J. Simpson | Trustee | �� | November 3, 2010 | |
/S/ ANNE-LEE VERVILLE* Anne-Lee Verville | Trustee | November 3, 2010 |
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/S/ MICHAEL A. JONES* Michael A. Jones | Trustee | November 3, 2010 |
*By: | /S/ RYAN C. LARRENAGA | |
Ryan C. Larrenaga** Attorney-in-Fact November 3, 2010 |
** | Executed by Ryan C. Larrenaga on behalf of each of the Trustees pursuant to a Power of Attorney filed herewith. |
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Exhibit Index
Exhibit No. | Description | |
(4) | Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization | |
(11) | Opinion and consent of counsel as to the legality of the securities being registered | |
(14)(a) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Ernst & Young LLP) | |
(14)(b) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Ernst & Young LLP) | |
(14)(c) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP) | |
(14)(d) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP) | |
(16) | Trustees Power of Attorney to sign Amendments to this Registration Statement |