Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | NOTE 3 - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The Company, through the Bank, grants residential, consumer and commercial loans to customers located primarily in Northeastern Ohio and Western Pennsylvania. The following represents the composition of the loan portfolio for the period ending: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2017 2016 Balance % Balance % Commercial $ 113,341 23.3 $ 96,281 22.9 Commercial real estate 283,135 58.1 238,692 56.9 Residential real estate 62,071 12.7 57,008 13.6 Consumer - home equity 26,018 5.3 25,061 6.0 Consumer - other 2,925 0.6 2,726 0.6 Total loans $ 487,490 $ 419,768 Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company has segmented loans in the portfolio by product type. Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans and consumer loans. The pools of commercial real estate loans and commercial loans are also broken down further by industry sectors when analyzing the related pools. Using the largest concentrations as the qualifier, these industry sectors include non-residential buildings; skilled nursing and nursing care; residential real estate lessors, agents and managers; hotel and motels, and trucking. The Company also sub-segments the consumer loan portfolio into the following two classes: home equity loans and other consumer loans. Historical loss percentages for each risk category are calculated and used as the basis for calculating allowance allocations. These historical loss percentages are calculated over multiple periods for all portfolio segments. Management evaluates these results and utilizes the most reflective period in the calculation. Certain qualitative factors are then added to the historical allocation percentage to get the adjusted factor. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: Factor Considered: Risk Trend: Levels of and trends in charge-offs, classifications and non-accruals Stable Trends in volume and terms Increasing Changes in lending policies and procedures Stable Experience, depth and ability of management, including loan review function Stable Economic trends, including valuation of underlying collateral Stable Concentrations of credit Decreasing The following factors are analyzed and applied to loans internally graded with higher risk credit in addition to the above factors for non-classified loans: Factor Considered: Risk Trend: Levels and trends in classification Stable Declining trends in financial performance Stable Structure and lack of performance measures Increasing Migration between risk categories Stable The provision charged to operations can be allocated to a loan classification either as a positive or negative value as a result of any material changes to: net charge-offs or recovery which influence the historical allocation percentage, qualitative risk factors or loan balances. The following is an analysis of changes in the allowance for loan losses for the periods ended: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial real estate Residential real estate Consumer - home equity Consumer - other Total Balance at beginning of period $ 1,394 $ 3,072 $ 163 $ 150 $ 89 $ 4,868 Loan charge-offs — (654 ) (14 ) (26 ) (146 ) (840 ) Recoveries 388 — 5 10 47 450 Net loan recoveries (charge-offs) 388 (654 ) (9 ) (16 ) (99 ) (390 ) Provision charged to operations (191 ) 284 (37 ) (64 ) 108 100 Balance at end of period $ 1,591 $ 2,702 $ 117 $ 70 $ 98 $ 4,578 (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2016 Commercial Commercial real estate Residential real estate Consumer - home equity Consumer - other Total Balance at beginning of period $ 1,977 $ 2,926 $ 153 $ 52 $ 86 $ 5,194 Loan charge-offs — (287 ) (35 ) (144 ) (148 ) (614 ) Recoveries 117 35 2 23 61 238 Net loan recoveries (charge-offs) 117 (252 ) (33 ) (121 ) (87 ) (376 ) Provision charged to operations (700 ) 398 43 219 90 50 Balance at end of period $ 1,394 $ 3,072 $ 163 $ 150 $ 89 $ 4,868 (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2015 Commercial Commercial real estate Residential real estate Consumer - home equity Consumer - other Total Balance at beginning of period $ 2,064 $ 2,754 $ 229 $ 60 $ 95 $ 5,202 Loan charge-offs (470 ) (84 ) (45 ) — (124 ) (723 ) Recoveries 134 10 37 17 62 260 Net loan recoveries (charge-offs) (336 ) (74 ) (8 ) 17 (62 ) (463 ) Provision charged to operations 249 246 (68 ) (25 ) 53 455 Balance at end of period $ 1,977 $ 2,926 $ 153 $ 52 $ 86 $ 5,194 The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the Consolidated Balance Sheet date. The following tables present a full breakdown by portfolio classification, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial real estate Residential real estate Consumer - home equity Consumer - other Total Allowance for loan losses: Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 625 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 625 Collectively evaluated for impairment 966 2,702 117 70 98 3,953 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,591 $ 2,702 $ 117 $ 70 $ 98 $ 4,578 Loan Portfolio: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 5,581 $ 4,664 $ — $ — $ — $ 10,245 Collectively evaluated for impairment 107,760 278,471 62,071 26,018 2,925 477,245 Total ending loan balance $ 113,341 $ 283,135 $ 62,071 $ 26,018 $ 2,925 $ 487,490 (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2016 Commercial Commercial real estate Residential real estate Consumer - home equity Consumer - other Total Allowance for loan losses: Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 178 $ — $ — $ — $ 178 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,394 2,894 163 150 89 4,690 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,394 $ 3,072 $ 163 $ 150 $ 89 $ 4,868 Loan Portfolio: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 106 $ 6,860 $ — $ — $ — $ 6,966 Collectively evaluated for impairment 96,175 231,832 57,008 25,061 2,726 412,802 Total ending loan balance $ 96,281 $ 238,692 $ 57,008 $ 25,061 $ 2,726 $ 419,768 The increase in the total allowance for commercial loans is primarily due to volume of loans in this category. The decrease in the overall allowance in commercial real estate loans is due mainly to a decrease in the overall historical factor when analyzing the pool broken out by industry sectors, which help to offset the full impact of the loan charge-offs. The decrease in residential real estate and consumer – home equity allowance is due primarily to historical factors. Along with the impact of classified loans, the amount of net charge-offs impacts the provision charged to operations for any category of loans. Charge-offs affect the historical rate applied to each category, and the amount needed to replenish the charge off to the allowance. This impacted all categories other than commercial loans. The following tables represent credit exposures by internally assigned grades for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations of the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal credit risk grading system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. The Company’s internally assigned grades are as follows: • Pass – loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. Within this category, there are grades of exceptional, quality, acceptable and pass monitor. • Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. • Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful – loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset but with the severity which makes collection in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. • Loss – loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. This rating does not mean that the assets have no recovery or salvage value but rather that the assets should be charged off now, even though partial or full recovery may be possible in the future. The following is a summary of credit quality indicators by internally assigned grade as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Commercial real estate December 31, 2017 Pass $ 100,436 $ 252,960 Special Mention 4,836 24,307 Substandard 8,069 5,868 Doubtful — — Ending Balance $ 113,341 $ 283,135 (Amounts in thousands) Commercial Commercial real estate December 31, 2016 Pass $ 80,644 $ 208,337 Special Mention 12,836 22,633 Substandard 2,801 7,722 Doubtful — — Ending Balance $ 96,281 $ 238,692 The Company evaluates the classification of consumer, home equity and residential loans primarily on a pooled basis. If the Company becomes aware that adverse or distressed conditions exist that may affect a particular loan, the loan is downgraded following the above definitions of special mention and substandard. Nonaccrual loans in these categories are evaluated for charge off or charge down, and the remaining balance has the same allowance factor as pooled loans. The following is a summary of consumer credit exposure as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. (Amounts in thousands) Residential real estate Consumer - home equity Consumer- other December 31, 2017 Performing $ 61,824 $ 25,889 $ 2,925 Nonperforming 247 129 — Total $ 62,071 $ 26,018 $ 2,925 (Amounts in thousands) Residential real estate Consumer - home equity Consumer- other December 31, 2016 Performing $ 55,743 $ 25,006 $ 2,726 Nonperforming 1,265 55 — Total $ 57,008 $ 25,061 $ 2,726 Loans are considered to be nonperforming when they become 90 days past due or on nonaccrual status, though the Company may be receiving partial payments of interest and partial repayments of principal on such loans. When a loan is placed in non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is recorded against interest income. Loans in foreclosure are considered nonperforming. At December 31, 2017, there were $378,000 of loans in the process of foreclosure. The following is a summary of classes of loans on non-accrual status as of: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2017 2016 Commercial $ — $ — Commercial real estate 506 1,458 Residential real estate 247 1,265 Consumer: Consumer - home equity 129 55 Consumer - other — — Total $ 882 $ 2,778 Gross income that should have been recorded in income on nonaccrual loans was $57,000, $160,000 and $293,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Actual interest included in income on these nonaccrual loans amounts to $16,000, $41,000 and $26,000 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructuring Nonperforming loans also include certain loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. There were no loans modified as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. The following presents, by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the periods ended December 31, 2015. (Dollar amounts in thousands) December 31, 2015 Number of contracts Pre-modification recorded investment Post-modification recorded investment Increase in the allowance Commercial real estate 2 $ 3,154 $ 3,154 $ — Subsequently defaulted — $ — In 2015, the two commercial real estate loans were to the same customer. There was no interest rate impact, only a change in loan terms to six months interest only. None of the loans that were classified as TDRs in 2015 have subsequently defaulted in the year ended December 31, 2016. The following is an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due loans as of the periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: (Amounts in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Or Greater Total Past Due Current Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing December 31, 2017 Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 113,341 $ 113,341 $ — Commercial real estate 173 12 390 575 282,560 283,135 — Residential real estate 240 29 216 485 61,586 62,071 — Consumer: Consumer - home equity — 82 28 110 25,908 26,018 — Consumer - other 15 — — 15 2,910 2,925 — Total $ 428 $ 123 $ 634 $ 1,185 $ 486,305 $ 487,490 $ — (Amounts in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Or Greater Total Past Due Current Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing December 31, 2016 Commercial $ 377 $ — $ — $ 377 $ 95,904 $ 96,281 $ — Commercial real estate 1,189 83 1,347 2,619 236,073 238,692 — Residential real estate 58 9 1,184 1,251 55,757 57,008 — Consumer: Consumer - home equity — 46 55 101 24,960 25,061 — Consumer - other 13 — — 13 2,713 2,726 — Total $ 1,637 $ 138 $ 2,586 $ 4,361 $ 415,407 $ 419,768 $ — An impaired loan is a loan on which, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due (including both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. However, an insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in amount of payments on a loan does not indicate that the loan is impaired. When a loan is determined to be impaired, impairment should be measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. However, as a practical expedient, the Company will measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The following are the criteria for selecting individual loans / relationships for impairment analysis. Non-homogenous loans which meet the criteria below are evaluated quarterly. • All borrowers whose loans are classified doubtful by examiners and internal loan review • All loans on non-accrual status • Any loan in foreclosure • Any loan with a specific reserve • Any loan determined to be collateral dependent for repayment • Loans classified as troubled debt restructuring Commercial loans and commercial real estate loans evaluated for impairment are excluded from the general pool of loans in the ALLL calculation regardless if a specific reserve was determined. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. The following table presents the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances for impaired loans, excluding homogenous loans for which impaired analyses are not necessarily performed, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, at December 31, 2017 and 2016. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired balances and interest income recognized after impairment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. (Amounts in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance December 31, 2017 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 65 $ 65 $ — Commercial real estate 4,664 4,742 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial 5,516 5,516 625 Commercial real estate — — — Total: Commercial $ 5,581 $ 5,581 $ 625 Commercial real estate $ 4,664 $ 4,742 $ — (Amounts in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance December 31, 2016 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 106 $ 106 $ — Commercial real estate 5,681 5,789 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial — — — Commercial real estate 1,179 1,179 178 Total: Commercial $ 106 $ 106 $ — Commercial real estate $ 6,860 $ 6,968 $ 178 (Amounts in thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2017 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 85 $ 6 Commercial real estate 5,062 291 With an allowance recorded: Commercial 460 — Commercial real estate 527 — Total: Commercial $ 545 $ 6 Commercial real estate $ 5,589 $ 291 (Amounts in thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2016 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 146 $ 8 Commercial real estate 6,072 335 With an allowance recorded: Commercial 279 — Commercial real estate 1,209 85 Total: Commercial $ 425 $ 8 Commercial real estate $ 7,281 $ 420 (Amounts in thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2015 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 322 $ 13 Commercial real estate 4,842 181 With an allowance recorded: Commercial 1,341 — Commercial real estate 1,160 84 Total: Commercial $ 1,663 $ 13 Commercial real estate $ 6,002 $ 265 |