LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 4 – LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Major categories of loans are summarized as follows: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 333,013 $ 266,757 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 317,103 218,503 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 854,024 713,202 Construction and land development 389,142 360,824 Multi-family 362,672 287,865 One-to-four family residential 482,732 338,253 Agricultural and farmland 243,357 237,746 Municipal, consumer, and other 213,497 197,103 Loans, before allowance for credit losses 3,195,540 2,620,253 Allowance for credit losses (38,776) (25,333) Loans, net of allowance for credit losses $ 3,156,764 $ 2,594,920 As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, commercial and industrial loans include $25 thousand and $28 thousand Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans, respectively. Allowance for Credit Losses Management estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant available information from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The discounted cash flow method is used to estimate expected credit losses for all loan categories, except for the consumer loans where the weighted average remaining maturity method is utilized. At March 31, 2023, the economic forecasts used by management anticipates a mild recession starting in the second half of 2023, with the unemployment rate increasing and GDP growth slowing and then shrinking over the next 4 quarters considered in the forecast period. After the forecast period, the Company reverts to long-term averages over a 4-quarter reversion period. Additionally, management may make qualitative adjustments to the loss estimates as necessary to reflect other factors that may influence affect credit losses. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Commercial Commercial Municipal, Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Construction One-to-four Agricultural Consumer, and Owner Non-owner and Land Family and and Industrial Occupied Occupied Development Multi-Family Residential Farmland Other Total (dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 3,279 $ 1,193 $ 6,721 $ 4,223 $ 1,472 $ 1,759 $ 796 $ 5,890 $ 25,333 Adoption of ASC 326 (822) 587 501 1,969 85 797 1,567 2,299 6,983 PCD allowance established in acquisition 69 127 239 240 68 492 5 7 1,247 Provision for credit losses 387 619 305 1,139 526 1,081 305 739 5,101 Charge-offs — (3) — — — (22) — (117) (142) Recoveries 19 12 74 3 — 58 1 87 254 Ending balance $ 2,932 $ 2,535 $ 7,840 $ 7,574 $ 2,151 $ 4,165 $ 2,674 $ 8,905 $ 38,776 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Commercial Commercial Municipal, Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Construction One-to-four Agricultural Consumer, and Owner Non-owner and Land Family and and Industrial Occupied Occupied Development Multi-Family Residential Farmland Other Total (dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 2,440 $ 1,840 $ 8,145 $ 4,914 $ 1,263 $ 1,311 $ 845 $ 3,178 $ 23,936 Provision for loan losses (653) (429) (1,396) (421) 91 120 (3) 2,107 (584) Charge-offs (5) — — — — (2) — (127) (134) Recoveries 709 100 265 — — 154 — 62 1,290 Ending balance $ 2,491 $ 1,511 $ 7,014 $ 4,493 $ 1,354 $ 1,583 $ 842 $ 5,220 $ 24,508 Gross charge-offs, further sorted by origination year, were as follows during the three months ended March 31, 2023: Gross Charge-Offs for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Revolving Loans Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans to Term Total (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate - owner occupied — 3 — — — — — — 3 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied — — — — — — — — — Construction and land development — — — — — — — — — Multi-family — — — — — — — — — One-to-four family residential — — — — 1 21 — — 22 Agricultural and farmland — — — — — — — — — Municipal, consumer, and other 35 53 — 9 — — 20 — 117 Total $ 35 $ 56 $ — $ 9 $ 1 $ 21 $ 20 $ — $ 142 The following tables present loans and the related allowance for credit losses by category: Commercial Commercial Municipal, Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Construction One-to-four Agricultural Consumer, and Owner Non-owner and Land Family and and March 31, 2023 Industrial Occupied Occupied Development Multi-Family Residential Farmland Other Total Loan balances: (dollars in thousands) Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 332,878 $ 316,652 $ 827,220 $ 388,904 $ 361,636 $ 477,893 $ 243,357 $ 196,739 $ 3,145,279 Individually evaluated for impairment 135 451 26,804 238 1,036 4,839 — 16,758 50,261 Total $ 333,013 $ 317,103 $ 854,024 $ 389,142 $ 362,672 $ 482,732 $ 243,357 $ 213,497 $ 3,195,540 Allowance for credit losses: Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,932 $ 2,524 $ 5,747 $ 7,574 $ 2,151 $ 3,718 $ 2,674 $ 5,333 $ 32,653 Individually evaluated for impairment — 11 2,093 — — 447 — 3,572 6,123 Total $ 2,932 $ 2,535 $ 7,840 $ 7,574 $ 2,151 $ 4,165 $ 2,674 $ 8,905 $ 38,776 Commercial Commercial Municipal, Commercial Real Estate Real Estate Construction One-to-four Agricultural Consumer, and Owner Non-owner and Land Family and and December 31, 2022 Industrial Occupied Occupied Development Multi-Family Residential Farmland Other Total Loan balances: (dollars in thousands) Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 261,833 $ 203,558 $ 671,663 $ 359,892 $ 287,298 $ 325,621 $ 233,118 $ 184,579 $ 2,527,562 Individually evaluated for impairment 4,818 11,366 30,509 82 — 8,399 4,033 12,508 71,715 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 106 3,579 11,030 850 567 4,233 595 16 20,976 Total $ 266,757 $ 218,503 $ 713,202 $ 360,824 $ 287,865 $ 338,253 $ 237,746 $ 197,103 $ 2,620,253 Allowance for loan losses: Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 3,121 $ 1,008 $ 4,332 $ 4,221 $ 1,470 $ 1,709 $ 796 $ 2,327 $ 18,984 Individually evaluated for impairment 158 168 2,388 — — 44 — 3,562 6,320 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 17 1 2 2 6 — 1 29 Total $ 3,279 $ 1,193 $ 6,721 $ 4,223 $ 1,472 $ 1,759 $ 796 $ 5,890 $ 25,333 The following table presents collateral dependent loans, by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans: Amortized Cost Allowance Primary Collateral Type for Credit March 31, 2023 Real Estate Vehicles Other Total Losses (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ 135 $ 135 $ — Commercial real estate - owner occupied 451 — — 451 11 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 26,804 — — 26,804 2,093 Construction and land development 238 — — 238 — Multi-family 1,036 — — 1,036 — One-to-four family residential 4,839 — — 4,839 447 Agricultural and farmland — — — — — Municipal, consumer, and other 16,671 52 35 16,758 3,572 Total $ 50,039 $ 52 $ 170 $ 50,261 $ 6,123 Accrued interest on loans totaled $13.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Pre-ASC 326 Adoption Impaired Loan Disclosures The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by category of loans: Unpaid Principal Recorded Related December 31, 2022 Balance Investment Allowance With an allowance recorded: (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 268 $ 254 $ 158 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 635 610 168 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 14,269 14,261 2,388 Construction and land development — — — Multi-family — — — One-to-four family residential 569 524 44 Agricultural and farmland — — — Municipal, consumer, and other 8,152 8,131 3,562 Total $ 23,893 $ 23,780 $ 6,320 With no related allowance: Commercial and industrial $ 4,564 $ 4,564 $ — Commercial real estate - owner occupied 10,912 10,756 — Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 16,327 16,248 — Construction and land development 92 82 — Multi-family — — — One-to-four family residential 9,181 7,875 — Agricultural and farmland 4,440 4,033 — Municipal, consumer, and other 4,410 4,377 — Total $ 49,926 $ 47,935 $ — Total loans individually evaluated for impairment: Commercial and industrial $ 4,832 $ 4,818 $ 158 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 11,547 11,366 168 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 30,596 30,509 2,388 Construction and land development 92 82 — Multi-family — — — One-to-four family residential 9,750 8,399 44 Agricultural and farmland 4,440 4,033 — Municipal, consumer, and other 12,562 12,508 3,562 Total $ 73,819 $ 71,715 $ 6,320 The following table presents the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for loans individually evaluated for impairment by category of loans: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Average Interest Recorded Income Investment Recognized With an allowance recorded: (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 292 $ 4 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 2,425 33 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 14,854 186 Construction and land development — — Multi-family — — One-to-four family residential 647 5 Agricultural and farmland — — Municipal, consumer, and other 8,509 39 Total $ 26,727 $ 267 With no related allowance: Commercial and industrial $ 19,498 $ 200 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 11,028 106 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 15,495 198 Construction and land development 2,016 22 Multi-family — — One-to-four family residential 8,728 57 Agricultural and farmland 236 — Municipal, consumer, and other 4,544 21 Total $ 61,545 $ 604 Total loans individually evaluated for impairment: Commercial and industrial $ 19,790 $ 204 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 13,453 139 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 30,349 384 Construction and land development 2,016 22 Multi-family — — One-to-four family residential 9,375 62 Agricultural and farmland 236 — Municipal, consumer, and other 13,053 60 Total $ 88,272 $ 871 Changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 413 Reclassification from non-accretable difference 117 Accretion income (46) Ending balance $ 484 Past Due and Nonaccrual Status Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. Typically, loans are placed on nonaccrual when they reach 90 days past due, or when, in management’s opinion, there is reasonable doubt regarding the collection of the amounts due through the normal means of the borrower. Interest accrued and unpaid at the time a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed from interest income. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are recognized in accordance with our significant accounting policies. Once a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, the borrower must generally demonstrate at least six months of payment performance and we must believe that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible, before the loan is eligible to return to accrual status. The following tables present loans by category based on current payment and accrual status: Accruing Interest 30 - 89 Days 90+ Days Total March 31, 2023 Current Past Due Past Due Nonaccrual Loans (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 332,741 $ 137 $ — $ 135 $ 333,013 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 316,651 — — 452 317,103 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 853,634 — — 390 854,024 Construction and land development 388,777 127 — 238 389,142 Multi-family 361,636 — — 1,036 362,672 One-to-four family residential 475,504 3,059 — 4,169 482,732 Agricultural and farmland 243,357 — — — 243,357 Municipal, consumer, and other 213,251 148 10 88 213,497 Total $ 3,185,551 $ 3,471 $ 10 $ 6,508 $ 3,195,540 Accruing Interest 30 - 89 Days 90+ Days Total December 31, 2022 Current Past Due Past Due Nonaccrual Loans (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 266,521 $ 17 $ — $ 219 $ 266,757 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 218,242 187 — 74 218,503 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 713,031 — — 171 713,202 Construction and land development 360,763 61 — — 360,824 Multi-family 287,854 11 — — 287,865 One-to-four family residential 335,576 894 145 1,638 338,253 Agricultural and farmland 237,727 19 — — 237,746 Municipal, consumer, and other 196,892 157 1 53 197,103 Total $ 2,616,606 $ 1,346 $ 146 $ 2,155 $ 2,620,253 The following table presents nonaccrual loans with and without a related allowance for credit losses: Nonaccrual Nonaccrual With With No Allowance for Allowance for Total March 31, 2023 Credit Losses Credit Losses Nonaccrual (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ — $ 135 $ 135 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 75 377 452 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 219 171 390 Construction and land development — 238 238 Multi-family — 1,036 1,036 One-to-four family residential 386 3,783 4,169 Agricultural and farmland — — — Municipal, consumer, and other 52 36 88 Total $ 732 $ 5,776 $ 6,508 Credit Quality Indicators The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans and periodically performs detailed internal reviews of all such loans that are part of relationships with over $750,000 in total exposure to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. These risk ratings are also subject to review by the Company’s regulators, external loan review, and internal loan review. During the internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which the borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing the loans. The risk rating is reviewed annually, at a minimum, and on an as needed basis depending on the specific circumstances of the loan. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan. Risk ratings are grouped into four major categories, defined as follows: Pass Pass-Watch Substandard Doubtful The following tables present loans by category based on their assigned risk ratings determined by management: March 31, 2023 Pass Pass-Watch Substandard Doubtful Total (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 315,892 $ 4,793 $ 12,328 $ — $ 333,013 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 289,875 16,520 10,708 — 317,103 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 788,300 29,253 36,471 — 854,024 Construction and land development 387,057 1,759 326 — 389,142 Multi-family 358,538 3,098 1,036 — 362,672 One-to-four family residential 464,444 7,544 10,744 — 482,732 Agricultural and farmland 231,171 8,000 4,186 — 243,357 Municipal, consumer, and other 195,514 1,080 16,903 — 213,497 Total $ 3,030,791 $ 72,047 $ 92,702 $ — $ 3,195,540 December 31, 2022 Pass Pass-Watch Substandard Doubtful Total (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 255,309 $ 6,630 $ 4,818 $ — $ 266,757 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 198,546 10,105 9,852 — 218,503 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 652,691 27,282 33,229 — 713,202 Construction and land development 358,215 2,527 82 — 360,824 Multi-family 283,682 4,183 — — 287,865 One-to-four family residential 323,632 5,907 8,714 — 338,253 Agricultural and farmland 223,114 10,004 4,628 — 237,746 Municipal, consumer, and other 184,299 296 12,508 — 197,103 Total $ 2,479,488 $ 66,934 $ 73,831 $ — $ 2,620,253 Risk ratings of loans, further sorted by origination year, are as follows as of March 31, 2023: Revolving Loans Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass $ 9,832 $ 65,070 $ 30,388 $ 34,196 $ 8,452 $ 15,757 $ 150,357 $ 1,840 $ 315,892 Pass-Watch 123 523 288 366 861 218 1,807 607 4,793 Substandard 12 107 — 50 — 54 7,522 4,583 12,328 Total $ 9,967 $ 65,700 $ 30,676 $ 34,612 $ 9,313 $ 16,029 $ 159,686 $ 7,030 $ 333,013 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass $ 8,384 $ 66,985 $ 63,754 $ 61,743 $ 35,222 $ 39,497 $ 14,290 $ — $ 289,875 Pass-Watch 684 2,401 2,804 373 5,089 2,795 2,374 — 16,520 Substandard — 1,841 3,483 270 — 3,620 1,494 — 10,708 Total $ 9,068 $ 71,227 $ 70,041 $ 62,386 $ 40,311 $ 45,912 $ 18,158 $ — $ 317,103 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied Pass $ 29,617 $ 225,057 $ 268,322 $ 105,503 $ 92,546 $ 53,639 $ 9,772 $ 3,844 $ 788,300 Pass-Watch 289 1,186 6,823 155 2,872 4,396 13,532 — 29,253 Substandard 12,429 128 — 248 9,511 13,984 — 171 36,471 Total $ 42,335 $ 226,371 $ 275,145 $ 105,906 $ 104,929 $ 72,019 $ 23,304 $ 4,015 $ 854,024 Construction and land development Pass $ 28,833 $ 250,925 $ 73,087 $ 5,311 $ 3,159 $ 1,872 $ 23,359 $ 511 $ 387,057 Pass-Watch — — — — — 312 1,447 — 1,759 Substandard — — — — — 318 8 — 326 Total $ 28,833 $ 250,925 $ 73,087 $ 5,311 $ 3,159 $ 2,502 $ 24,814 $ 511 $ 389,142 Multi-family Pass $ 26,271 $ 76,239 $ 111,750 $ 73,568 $ 32,623 $ 31,406 $ 6,435 $ 246 $ 358,538 Pass-Watch — 867 317 — 62 1,843 — 9 3,098 Substandard — — — — 556 480 — — 1,036 Total $ 26,271 $ 77,106 $ 112,067 $ 73,568 $ 33,241 $ 33,729 $ 6,435 $ 255 $ 362,672 One-to-four family residential Pass $ 40,422 $ 92,760 $ 96,041 $ 73,385 $ 26,003 $ 71,976 $ 59,510 $ 4,347 $ 464,444 Pass-Watch 103 802 573 487 894 4,204 224 257 7,544 Substandard 75 2,447 697 815 474 3,169 36 3,031 10,744 Total $ 40,600 $ 96,009 $ 97,311 $ 74,687 $ 27,371 $ 79,349 $ 59,770 $ 7,635 $ 482,732 Agricultural and farmland Pass $ 12,841 $ 41,470 $ 39,924 $ 41,320 $ 9,494 $ 10,545 $ 66,379 $ 9,198 $ 231,171 Pass-Watch 2,307 2,371 97 1,062 211 382 1,570 — 8,000 Substandard — — 17 3,312 265 592 — — 4,186 Total $ 15,148 $ 43,841 $ 40,038 $ 45,694 $ 9,970 $ 11,519 $ 67,949 $ 9,198 $ 243,357 Municipal, Consumer, and other Pass $ 9,428 $ 71,121 $ 34,055 $ 15,304 $ 5,335 $ 45,153 $ 15,116 $ 2 $ 195,514 Pass-Watch — 112 27 21 — 920 — — 1,080 Substandard 14 114 9 — 51 16,711 4 — 16,903 Total $ 9,442 $ 71,347 $ 34,091 $ 15,325 $ 5,386 $ 62,784 $ 15,120 $ 2 $ 213,497 Total by Risk Rating Pass $ 165,628 $ 889,627 $ 717,321 $ 410,330 $ 212,834 $ 269,845 $ 345,218 $ 19,988 $ 3,030,791 Pass-Watch 3,506 8,262 10,929 2,464 9,989 15,070 20,954 873 72,047 Substandard 12,530 4,637 4,206 4,695 10,857 38,928 9,064 7,785 92,702 Total $ 181,664 $ 902,526 $ 732,456 $ 417,489 $ 233,680 $ 323,843 $ 375,236 $ 28,646 $ 3,195,540 Modifications and Troubled Debt Restructurings There were no loan modifications to borrowers in financial distress during the three months ended March 31, 2023. There were no new troubled debt restructurings during the three months ended March 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $3.0 million of troubled debt restructurings. Pledged Loans As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company pledged loans totaling $996.3 million and $892.1 million, respectively, to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (“FHLB”) to secure available FHLB advance borrowing capacity. |