Investments | INVESTMENTS Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities The following tables set forth information relating to fixed maturities and equity securities (excluding investments classified as trading), as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 Amortized Cost or Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(3) (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 132,083 $ 5,727 $ 47 $ 137,763 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 647,583 15,220 5,516 657,287 0 Foreign government bonds 108,750 3,571 1,891 110,430 0 Public utilities 819,436 36,857 9,308 846,985 0 Redeemable preferred stock 4,165 854 169 4,850 0 All other U.S. public corporate securities 1,769,707 69,899 25,258 1,814,348 (214 ) All other U.S. private corporate securities 706,676 17,247 4,466 719,457 (236 ) All other foreign public corporate securities 210,101 8,586 2,437 216,250 0 All other foreign private corporate securities 595,227 7,136 22,641 579,722 0 Asset-backed securities(1) 160,224 5,382 146 165,460 (2,413 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 356,047 5,534 4,473 357,108 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(2) 79,002 3,103 357 81,748 (261 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 5,589,001 $ 179,116 $ 76,709 $ 5,691,408 $ (3,124 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale: Common stocks: Mutual funds $ 20,701 $ 1,153 $ 5 $ 21,849 Public utilities 66 3 7 62 Industrial, miscellaneous & other 0 82 0 82 Total equity securities, available-for-sale $ 20,767 $ 1,238 $ 12 $ 21,993 (1) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (2) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (3) Represents the amount of OTTI losses in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI"), which were not included in earnings. Amount excludes $7.5 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. December 31, 2016 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(3) (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 154,180 $ 6,593 $ 33 $ 160,740 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 618,447 14,592 6,553 626,486 0 Foreign government bonds 111,025 2,143 4,386 108,782 0 Public utilities 706,536 33,950 10,519 729,967 0 Redeemable preferred stock 4,136 834 156 4,814 0 All other U.S. public corporate securities 1,802,350 67,908 28,846 1,841,412 (215 ) All other U.S. private corporate securities 714,776 14,555 7,702 721,629 (236 ) All other foreign public corporate securities 216,428 7,371 4,127 219,672 0 All other foreign private corporate securities 577,761 4,866 33,455 549,172 0 Asset-backed securities(1) 184,414 5,164 562 189,016 (2,534 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 382,717 5,783 5,829 382,671 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(2) 80,141 3,355 308 83,188 (274 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 5,552,911 $ 167,114 $ 102,476 $ 5,617,549 $ (3,259 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale: Common stocks: Mutual funds $ 16,324 $ 441 $ 124 $ 16,641 Public utilities 66 2 28 40 Industrial, miscellaneous & other 0 75 0 75 Total equity securities, available-for-sale $ 16,390 $ 518 $ 152 $ 16,756 (1) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (2) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (3) Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI, which were not included in earnings. Amount excludes $8.1 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. The following tables set forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturities and equity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 Less Than Twelve Months Twelve Months or More Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 9,218 $ 47 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,218 $ 47 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 213,862 5,516 0 0 213,862 5,516 Foreign government bonds 47,111 1,718 1,848 173 48,959 1,891 Public utilities 290,056 7,204 21,731 2,104 311,787 9,308 Redeemable preferred stock 0 0 0 169 0 169 All other U.S. public corporate securities 578,297 17,966 70,126 7,292 648,423 25,258 All other U.S. private corporate securities 143,113 2,691 31,243 1,775 174,356 4,466 All other foreign public corporate securities 62,368 1,985 5,920 452 68,288 2,437 All other foreign private corporate securities 185,083 6,302 123,941 16,339 309,024 22,641 Asset-backed securities 13,020 110 29,171 36 42,191 146 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 173,368 4,473 395 0 173,763 4,473 Residential mortgage-backed securities 35,556 352 938 5 36,494 357 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 1,751,052 $ 48,364 $ 285,313 $ 28,345 $ 2,036,365 $ 76,709 Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 4,995 $ 5 $ 59 $ 7 $ 5,054 $ 12 December 31, 2016 Less Than Twelve Months Twelve Months or More Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 603 $ 33 $ 0 $ 0 $ 603 $ 33 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 239,146 6,553 0 0 239,146 6,553 Foreign government bonds 81,074 4,055 1,690 331 82,764 4,386 Public utilities 207,226 7,847 21,394 2,672 228,620 10,519 Redeemable preferred stock 0 0 0 156 0 156 All other U.S. public corporate securities 568,763 20,695 73,575 8,151 642,338 28,846 All other U.S. private corporate securities 232,561 6,082 29,071 1,620 261,632 7,702 All other foreign public corporate securities 86,492 3,188 5,433 939 91,925 4,127 All other foreign private corporate securities 236,512 13,604 101,858 19,851 338,370 33,455 Asset-backed securities 37,355 492 49,346 70 86,701 562 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 191,674 5,827 947 2 192,621 5,829 Residential mortgage-backed securities 36,224 302 1,045 6 37,269 308 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 1,917,630 $ 68,678 $ 284,359 $ 33,798 $ 2,201,989 $ 102,476 Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,965 $ 152 $ 2,965 $ 152 As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the gross unrealized losses were composed of $68.9 million and $93.3 million , respectively, related to high or highest quality securities based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) or equivalent rating and $7.8 million and $9.2 million , respectively, related to other than high or highest quality securities based on NAIC or equivalent rating. As of March 31, 2017 , the $28.3 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the energy , finance and consumer non-cyclical sectors of the Company's corporate securities. As of December 31, 2016 , the $33.8 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the energy , finance and utility sectors of the Company's corporate securities. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for OTTI for these fixed maturities was not warranted at either March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016 . These conclusions are based on a detailed analysis of the underlying credit and cash flows on each security. Gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to general credit spread widening, increases in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate movements. As of March 31, 2017 , the Company did not intend to sell these securities, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis. As of March 31, 2017 , none of the gross unrealized losses related to equity securities represented declines in value of 20% or more. As of December 31, 2016 , none of the gross unrealized losses related to equity securities represented declines in value of 20% or more. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for OTTI for these equity securities was not warranted at either March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016 . The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities, as of the date indicated: March 31, 2017 Amortized Cost Fair Value (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: Due in one year or less $ 288,127 $ 291,275 Due after one year through five years 764,383 779,090 Due after five years through ten years 901,656 908,555 Due after ten years 3,039,562 3,108,172 Asset-backed securities 160,224 165,460 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 356,047 357,108 Residential mortgage-backed securities 79,002 81,748 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 5,589,001 $ 5,691,408 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they do not have a single maturity date. The following table sets forth the sources of fixed maturity and equity security proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on impairments of both fixed maturities and equity securities, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: Proceeds from sales(1) $ 287,708 $ 279,272 Proceeds from maturities/prepayments 114,846 169,867 Gross investment gains from sales and maturities 3,197 2,794 Gross investment losses from sales and maturities (2,823 ) (1,568 ) OTTI recognized in earnings(2) (4,404 ) (16,150 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale: Proceeds from sales $ 510 $ 10 Gross investment gains from sales 10 0 Gross investment losses from sales 0 0 OTTI recognized in earnings (124 ) 0 (1) Includes $37.9 million and $(10.3) million of non-cash related proceeds for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. (2) Excludes the portion of OTTI recorded in “Other comprehensive income (loss)” ("OCI"), representing any difference between the fair value of the impaired debt security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows at the time of the impairment. The following tables set forth the amount of pre-tax credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in OCI and the corresponding changes in such amounts, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands) Credit loss impairments: Balance, beginning of period $ 5,520 $ 7,041 New credit loss impairments 0 420 Increases due to the passage of time on previously recorded credit losses 27 53 Reductions for securities which matured, paid down, prepaid or were sold during the period (118 ) (907 ) Reductions for securities impaired to fair value during the period(1) 0 (670 ) Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized due to an increase in cash flows expected to be collected (72 ) (79 ) Balance, end of period $ 5,357 $ 5,858 (1) Represents circumstances where the Company determined in the current period that it intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security's amortized cost. Trading Account Assets The following table sets forth the composition of “Trading account assets,” as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost or Cost Fair Value Amortized Fair Value (in thousands) Fixed maturities $ 23,558 $ 20,224 $ 23,555 $ 19,558 Equity securities 11,929 17,190 11,929 15,770 Total trading account assets $ 35,487 $ 37,414 $ 35,484 $ 35,328 The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from trading account assets still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $2.1 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans The following table sets forth the composition of the Company's commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amount (in thousands) % of Total Amount (in thousands) % of Total Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type: Apartments/Multi-Family $ 345,631 28.2 % $ 318,667 27.7 % Hospitality 54,229 4.4 54,597 4.7 Industrial 213,704 17.5 185,682 16.1 Office 181,674 14.9 161,980 14.1 Other 124,182 10.2 124,465 10.8 Retail 239,175 19.6 243,225 21.1 Total commercial mortgage loans 1,158,595 94.8 1,088,616 94.5 Agricultural property loans 62,929 5.2 63,323 5.5 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans 1,221,524 100.0 % 1,151,939 100.0 % Valuation allowance (1,697 ) (1,558 ) Total commercial mortgage and other loans $ 1,219,827 $ 1,150,381 As of March 31, 2017 , the commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans were geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in California ( 23% ), Texas ( 15% ) and Illinois ( 7% )) and included loans secured by properties in Australia and Europe. The following tables set forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Total (in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 1,513 $ 45 $ 1,558 Addition to (release of) allowance for losses 139 0 139 Charge-offs, net of recoveries 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 1,652 $ 45 $ 1,697 December 31, 2016 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Total (in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 2,587 $ 64 $ 2,651 Addition to (release of) allowance for losses (1,074 ) (19 ) (1,093 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 1,513 $ 45 $ 1,558 The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Total (in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,652 45 1,697 Total ending balance(1) $ 1,652 $ 45 $ 1,697 Recorded investment(2): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,476 $ 0 $ 2,476 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,156,119 62,929 1,219,048 Total ending balance(1) $ 1,158,595 $ 62,929 $ 1,221,524 (1) As of March 31, 2017 , there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. (2) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. December 31, 2016 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Total (in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,513 45 1,558 Total ending balance(1) $ 1,513 $ 45 $ 1,558 Recorded investment(2): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,528 $ 0 $ 2,528 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,086,088 63,323 1,149,411 Total ending balance(1) $ 1,088,616 $ 63,323 $ 1,151,939 (1) As of December 31, 2016 , there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. (2) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators for commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates indicated: Debt Service Coverage Ratio - March 31, 2017 ≥ 1.2X 1.0X to < 1.2X < 1.0X Total Loans (in thousands) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 726,744 $ 19,705 $ 0 $ 746,449 60%-69.99% 323,448 5,371 2,945 331,764 70%-79.99% 108,213 30,369 0 138,582 80% or greater 4,492 237 0 4,729 Total loans $ 1,162,897 $ 55,682 $ 2,945 $ 1,221,524 Debt Service Coverage Ratio - December 31, 2016 ≥ 1.2X 1.0X to < 1.2X < 1.0X Total Loans (in thousands) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 732,473 $ 19,844 $ 0 $ 752,317 60%-69.99% 267,122 7,515 900 275,537 70%-79.99% 88,811 30,533 0 119,344 80% or greater 4,503 0 238 4,741 Total loans $ 1,092,909 $ 57,892 $ 1,138 $ 1,151,939 The following tables set forth the aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans, based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Loans Non-Accrual Status(2) (in thousands) Commercial mortgage loans $ 1,158,595 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,158,595 $ 0 Agricultural property loans 62,929 0 0 0 62,929 0 Total $ 1,221,524 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,221,524 $ 0 (1) As of March 31, 2017 , there were no loans in this category accruing interest. (2) For additional information on the Company's policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for further discussion regarding non-accrual status loans. December 31, 2016 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Loans Non-Accrual Status(2) (in thousands) Commercial mortgage loans $ 1,088,616 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,088,616 $ 0 Agricultural property loans 63,323 0 0 0 63,323 0 Total $ 1,151,939 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,151,939 $ 0 (1) As of December 31, 2016 , there were no loans in this category accruing interest. (2) For additional information on the Company's policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for further discussion regarding non-accrual status loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , there were no commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination, nor were there any commercial mortgage and other loans sold. The Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans may occasionally be involved in a troubled debt restructuring. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , there were no new troubled debt restructurings related to commercial mortgage and other loans and no payment defaults on commercial mortgage and other loans that were modified as a troubled debt restructuring within the twelve months preceding. As of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had no significant commitments to provide additional funds to borrowers that had been involved in a troubled debt restructuring. For additional information relating to the accounting for troubled debt restructurings, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Other Long-Term Investments The following table sets forth the composition of “Other long-term investments,” as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Company's investment in separate accounts $ 35,687 $ 34,088 Joint ventures and limited partnerships: Private equity 143,359 139,493 Hedge funds 85,724 81,104 Real estate-related 11,766 11,912 Total joint ventures and limited partnerships 240,849 232,509 Derivatives 71,535 77,866 Total other long-term investments $ 348,071 $ 344,463 Net Investment Income The following table sets forth net investment income by investment type, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 59,067 $ 75,710 Equity securities, available-for-sale 0 0 Trading account assets 400 759 Commercial mortgage and other loans 13,116 19,773 Policy loans 15,628 15,498 Short-term investments and cash equivalents 187 737 Other long-term investments 6,379 (880 ) Gross investment income 94,777 111,597 Less: investment expenses (5,162 ) (6,145 ) Net investment income $ 89,615 $ 105,452 Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Net The following table sets forth realized investment gains (losses), net, by investment type, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands) Fixed maturities $ (4,030 ) $ (14,924 ) Equity securities (114 ) 0 Commercial mortgage and other loans (139 ) 562 Joint ventures and limited partnerships (73 ) (148 ) Derivatives (28,217 ) 69,647 Other long-term investments 0 0 Short-term investments and cash equivalents (6 ) 14 Realized investment gains (losses), net $ (32,579 ) $ 55,151 Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments by Asset Class The following table sets forth net unrealized gains (losses) on investments by asset class, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale — with OTTI $ 4,354 $ 4,883 Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale — all other 98,053 59,755 Equity securities, available-for-sale 1,226 366 Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1) 30,670 40,931 Affiliated notes 5,013 5,056 Other investments 1,494 1,441 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments $ 140,810 $ 112,432 (1) See Note 6 for more information on cash flow hedges. Securities Lending and Repurchase Agreements In the normal course of business, the Company sells securities under agreements to repurchase and enters into securities lending transactions. The following tables set forth the composition of "Cash collateral for loaned securities," as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements Overnight & Continuous Up to 30 Days 30 to 90 Days Greater than 90 Days Total (in thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 1,044 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,044 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 1,676 0 0 0 1,676 Foreign government bonds 7,619 0 0 0 7,619 U.S. public corporate securities 54,781 0 0 0 54,781 Foreign public corporate securities 9,084 0 0 0 9,084 Total cash collateral for loaned securities $ 74,204 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 74,204 December 31, 2016 Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements Overnight & Continuous Up to 30 Days 30 to 90 Days Greater than 90 Days Total (in thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 0 0 0 0 0 Foreign government bonds 6,827 0 0 0 6,827 U.S. public corporate securities 62,584 0 0 0 62,584 Foreign public corporate securities 5,565 0 0 0 5,565 Total cash collateral for loaned securities $ 74,976 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 74,976 The following tables set forth the composition of "Securities sold under agreements to repurchase," as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2017 Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements Overnight & Continuous Up to 30 Days 30 to 90 Days Greater than 90 Days Total (in thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 24,714 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 24,714 Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase $ 24,714 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 24,714 December 31, 2016 Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements Overnight & Continuous Up to 30 Days 30 to 90 Days Greater than 90 Days Total (in thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 68,904 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 68,904 Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase $ 68,904 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 68,904 |