Investments | 3. INVESTMENTS Fixed Maturity Securities The following tables set forth the composition of fixed maturity securities (excluding investments classified as trading), as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(3) (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 77,354 $ 2,645 $ 0 $ 79,999 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 608,071 31,553 18 639,606 0 Foreign government bonds 209,128 8,172 2,488 214,812 0 U.S. public corporate securities 1,926,382 96,244 17,364 2,005,262 0 U.S. private corporate securities 890,441 19,701 9,185 900,957 0 Foreign public corporate securities 289,697 10,112 3,953 295,856 0 Foreign private corporate securities 885,807 19,955 25,216 880,546 0 Asset-backed securities(1) 148,802 1,462 531 149,733 (85 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 345,909 7,239 1,379 351,769 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(2) 86,570 1,482 383 87,669 (172 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 5,468,161 $ 198,565 $ 60,517 $ 5,606,209 $ (257 ) (1) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, education loans and other asset types. (2) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (3) Represents the amount of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, from the impairment measurement date. Amount excludes $0.2 million of net unrealized losses on impaired available-for-sale securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. December 31, 2018 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(3) (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 75,049 $ 2,427 $ 6 $ 77,470 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 609,955 15,154 2,351 622,758 0 Foreign government bonds 208,009 2,137 8,199 201,947 0 U.S. public corporate securities 1,739,860 46,166 54,401 1,731,625 0 U.S. private corporate securities 890,748 11,181 18,591 883,338 0 Foreign public corporate securities 270,428 3,746 12,151 262,023 0 Foreign private corporate securities 857,604 9,797 40,022 827,379 0 Asset-backed securities(1) 156,818 1,528 750 157,596 (122 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 347,570 3,353 4,527 346,396 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(2) 88,862 1,268 1,067 89,063 (177 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 5,244,903 $ 96,757 $ 142,065 $ 5,199,595 $ (299 ) (1) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (2) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (3) Represents the amount of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, from the impairment measurement date. Amount excludes $0.4 million of net unrealized losses on impaired available-for-sale securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. The following tables set forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 Less Than Twelve Months Twelve Months or More Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 0 0 6,771 18 6,771 18 Foreign government bonds 4,181 28 71,392 2,460 75,573 2,488 U.S. public corporate securities 110,017 2,347 330,357 15,017 440,374 17,364 U.S. private corporate securities 54,835 4,183 194,614 5,002 249,449 9,185 Foreign public corporate securities 7,508 93 83,890 3,860 91,398 3,953 Foreign private corporate securities 114,485 3,592 228,928 21,624 343,413 25,216 Asset-backed securities 98,426 473 10,015 58 108,441 531 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 0 0 110,228 1,379 110,228 1,379 Residential mortgage-backed securities 186 1 28,181 382 28,367 383 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 389,638 $ 10,717 $ 1,064,376 $ 49,800 $ 1,454,014 $ 60,517 December 31, 2018 Less Than Twelve Months Twelve Months or More Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 0 $ 0 $ 630 $ 6 $ 630 $ 6 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 124,776 1,571 31,215 780 155,991 2,351 Foreign government bonds 77,055 3,184 59,700 5,015 136,755 8,199 U.S. public corporate securities 784,916 37,635 213,147 16,766 998,063 54,401 U.S. private corporate securities 263,934 9,159 287,031 9,432 550,965 18,591 Foreign public corporate securities 124,764 6,286 72,725 5,865 197,489 12,151 Foreign private corporate securities 424,921 22,605 127,201 17,417 552,122 40,022 Asset-backed securities 112,527 650 6,523 100 119,050 750 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 49,616 434 116,786 4,093 166,402 4,527 Residential mortgage-backed securities 34,249 240 32,432 827 66,681 1,067 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 1,996,758 $ 81,764 $ 947,390 $ 60,301 $ 2,944,148 $ 142,065 As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities were composed of $46.4 million and $121.3 million , respectively, related to “1” highest quality or “2” high quality securities based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) or equivalent rating and $14.1 million and $20.8 million , respectively, related to other than high or highest quality securities based on NAIC or equivalent rating. As of March 31, 2019 , the $49.8 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the Company’s corporate securities within the finance , consumer non-cyclical and energy sectors. As of December 31, 2018 , the $60.3 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the Company's corporate securities within the finance , energy and consumer non-cyclical sectors. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for OTTI for these fixed maturity securities was not warranted at either March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018 . These conclusions were based on a detailed analysis of the underlying credit and cash flows on each security. Gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to general credit spread widening, increases in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate movements. As of March 31, 2019 , the Company did not intend to sell these securities, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis. The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities, as of the date indicated: March 31, 2019 Amortized Cost Fair Value (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: Due in one year or less $ 206,941 $ 208,192 Due after one year through five years 705,933 703,752 Due after five years through ten years 993,523 1,008,175 Due after ten years 2,980,483 3,096,919 Asset-backed securities 148,802 149,733 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 345,909 351,769 Residential mortgage-backed securities 86,570 87,669 Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 5,468,161 $ 5,606,209 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they do not have a single maturity date. The following table sets forth the sources of fixed maturity proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on impairments of fixed maturities, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: Proceeds from sales(1) $ 24,787 $ 16,852 Proceeds from maturities/prepayments 52,875 54,310 Gross investment gains from sales and maturities 949 144 Gross investment losses from sales and maturities (1,970 ) (359 ) OTTI recognized in earnings(2) (3,163 ) (594 ) (1) Includes $6.9 million and $1.8 million of non-cash related proceeds due to the timing of trade settlements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. (2) Excludes the portion of OTTI amounts remaining in OCI, representing any difference between the fair value of the impaired debt security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows at the time of the impairment. The following table sets forth a rollforward of pre-tax amounts remaining in OCI related to fixed maturity securities with credit loss impairments recognized in earnings, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Credit loss impairments: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,291 $ 4,374 New credit loss impairments 3,022 0 Increases due to the passage of time on previously recorded credit losses 10 37 Reductions for securities which matured, paid down, prepaid or were sold during the period (593 ) (42 ) Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized due to an increase in cash flows expected to be collected (120 ) (25 ) Balance, end of period $ 3,610 $ 4,344 Equity Securities The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from equity securities still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $0.7 million and $(1.2) million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans The following table sets forth the composition of “Commercial mortgage and other loans,” as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Amount (in thousands) % of Total Amount (in thousands) % of Total Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type: Apartments/Multi-Family $ 356,454 29.3 % $ 362,811 29.9 % Hospitality 15,969 1.3 16,083 1.3 Industrial 271,953 22.5 263,999 21.8 Office 191,236 15.7 187,450 15.5 Other 131,850 10.9 131,961 10.9 Retail 192,381 15.8 193,473 16.0 Total commercial mortgage loans 1,159,843 95.5 1,155,777 95.4 Agricultural property loans 54,833 4.5 55,438 4.6 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type 1,214,676 100.0 % 1,211,215 100.0 % Allowance for credit losses (2,058 ) (2,065 ) Total commercial mortgage and other loans $ 1,212,618 $ 1,209,150 As of March 31, 2019 , the commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans were secured by properties geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in California ( 21% ), Texas ( 14% ) and New York ( 7% )) and included loans secured by properties in Europe ( 6% ), Australia ( 4% ) and Mexico ( 2% ). The following table sets forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated: Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 1,728 $ 66 $ 1,794 Addition to (release of) allowance for credit losses 298 (27 ) 271 Charge-offs, net of recoveries 0 0 0 Balance at December 31, 2018 2,026 39 2,065 Addition to (release of) allowance for credit losses (10 ) 3 (7 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries 0 0 0 Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 2,016 $ 42 $ 2,058 The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Total (in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,016 42 2,058 Total ending balance(1) $ 2,016 $ 42 $ 2,058 Recorded investment(2): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,159,843 54,833 1,214,676 Total ending balance(1) $ 1,159,843 $ 54,833 $ 1,214,676 (1) As of March 31, 2019 , there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. (2) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. December 31, 2018 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Total (in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,026 39 2,065 Total ending balance(1) $ 2,026 $ 39 $ 2,065 Recorded investment(2): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 0 $ 816 $ 816 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,155,777 54,622 1,210,399 Total ending balance(1) $ 1,155,777 $ 55,438 $ 1,211,215 (1) As of December 31, 2018 , there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. (2) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators for commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 Debt Service Coverage Ratio ≥ 1.2X 1.0X to < 1.2X < 1.0X Total (in thousands) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 698,110 $ 14,468 $ 0 $ 712,578 60%-69.99% 316,532 16,469 0 333,001 70%-79.99% 114,257 27,612 0 141,869 80% or greater 27,000 0 228 27,228 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 1,155,899 $ 58,549 $ 228 $ 1,214,676 December 31, 2018 Debt Service Coverage Ratio ≥ 1.2X 1.0X to < 1.2X < 1.0X Total (in thousands) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 696,507 $ 12,771 $ 80 $ 709,358 60%-69.99% 321,586 18,525 0 340,111 70%-79.99% 105,727 27,790 0 133,517 80% or greater 28,000 229 0 28,229 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 1,151,820 $ 59,315 $ 80 $ 1,211,215 The following tables set forth an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Loans Non-Accrual Status(2) (in thousands) Commercial mortgage loans $ 1,159,843 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,159,843 $ 0 Agricultural property loans 54,833 0 0 0 54,833 0 Total $ 1,214,676 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,214,676 $ 0 (1) As of March 31, 2019 , there were no loans in this category accruing interest. (2) For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 . December 31, 2018 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Loans Non-Accrual Status(2) (in thousands) Commercial mortgage loans $ 1,155,777 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,155,777 $ 0 Agricultural property loans 55,438 0 0 0 55,438 0 Total $ 1,211,215 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,211,215 $ 0 (1) As of December 31, 2018 , there were no loans in this category accruing interest. (2) For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 . For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , there were no commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , there were $5 million of commercial mortgage and other loans sold. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 , there were no commercial mortgage and other loans sold. Other Invested Assets The following table sets forth the composition of “Other invested assets,” as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Company’s investment in separate accounts $ 41,577 $ 40,126 LPs/LLCs: Equity method: Private equity 158,754 149,164 Hedge funds 59,513 57,171 Real estate-related 10,335 10,251 Subtotal equity method 228,602 216,586 Fair value: Private equity 61,817 60,118 Hedge funds 769 762 Real estate-related 10,055 9,024 Subtotal fair value 72,641 69,904 Total LPs/LLCs 301,243 286,490 Derivative instruments 15,468 50,813 Total other invested assets $ 358,288 $ 377,429 Net Investment Income The following table sets forth “Net investment income” by investment type, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 56,266 $ 53,260 Fixed maturities, trading 308 266 Equity securities, at fair value 221 221 Commercial mortgage and other loans 12,491 12,405 Policy loans 16,199 15,904 Short-term investments and cash equivalents 2,311 323 Other invested assets 9,911 115 Gross investment income 97,707 82,494 Less: investment expenses (4,457 ) (4,579 ) Net investment income $ 93,250 $ 77,915 Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Net The following table sets forth “Realized investment gains (losses), net,” by investment type, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Fixed maturities(1) $ (4,184 ) $ (809 ) Commercial mortgage and other loans 7 131 LPs/LLCs 12 847 Derivatives (44,477 ) (49,193 ) Short-term investments and cash equivalents 7 (18 ) Realized investment gains (losses), net $ (48,635 ) $ (49,042 ) (1) Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading. Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments within AOCI The following table sets forth net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale—with OTTI $ (408 ) $ (689 ) Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale—all other 138,456 (44,619 ) Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1) 15,441 22,122 Affiliated notes 2,899 810 Other investments 4,942 5,055 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments $ 161,330 $ (17,321 ) (1) For more information on cash flow hedges, see Note 4 . Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending In the normal course of business, the Company sells securities under agreements to repurchase and enters into securities lending transactions. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had no repurchase agreements. The following table sets forth the composition of “Cash collateral for loaned securities,” which represents the liability to return cash collateral received for the following types of securities loaned, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements Overnight & Continuous Up to 30 Days Total Overnight & Continuous Up to 30 Days Total (in thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 3,109 $ 0 $ 3,109 $ 8,169 $ 0 $ 8,169 Foreign government bonds 2,121 0 2,121 0 0 0 U.S. public corporate securities 2,745 0 2,745 628 0 628 Foreign public corporate securities 2,359 0 2,359 2,266 0 2,266 Total cash collateral for loaned securities(1) $ 10,334 $ 0 $ 10,334 $ 11,063 $ 0 $ 11,063 (1) |