Policyholders' Liabilities | LIABILITY FOR FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS Liability for Future Policy Benefits primarily consists of the following sub-components, which are discussed in greater detail below. • Benefit Reserves; • Deferred Profit Liability ("DPL"); and • Additional Insurance Reserves ("AIR") Benefit Reserves The balances of and changes in Benefit Reserves as of and for the periods indicated consist of the three tables presented below: Present Value of Expected Net Premiums rollforward, Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits rollforward, and Net Liability for Future Policy Benefits. Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Present Value of Expected Net Premiums Term Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 10,927,833 $ 0 $ 10,927,833 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, beginning of period 225,711 0 225,711 Balance at original discount rate, beginning of period 11,153,544 0 11,153,544 Effect of actual variances from expected experience and other activity (54,196) (290) (54,486) Adjusted balance, beginning of period 11,099,348 (290) 11,099,058 Issuances 192,492 8,595 201,087 Net premiums / considerations collected (329,743) (8,305) (338,048) Interest accrual 129,053 0 129,053 Other adjustments (78) 0 (78) Balance at original discount rate, end of period 11,091,072 0 11,091,072 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, end of period (434,791) 0 (434,791) Balance, end of period $ 10,656,281 $ 0 $ 10,656,281 Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits Term Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 18,426,207 $ 228,788 $ 18,654,995 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, beginning of period 331,571 19,521 351,092 Balance at original discount rate, beginning of period 18,757,778 248,309 19,006,087 Effect of actual variances from expected experience and other activity (65,431) (369) (65,800) Adjusted balance, beginning of period 18,692,347 247,940 18,940,287 Issuances 192,492 8,595 201,087 Interest accrual 223,989 2,204 226,193 Benefit payments (368,247) (7,544) (375,791) Other adjustments (23) (34) (57) Balance at original discount rate, end of period 18,740,558 251,161 18,991,719 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, end of period (742,789) (23,464) (766,253) Balance, end of period $ 17,997,769 $ 227,697 $ 18,225,466 Other, end of period 1,675 Total balance, end of period $ 18,227,141 Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Net Liability for Future Policy Benefits Term Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Balance, end of period, pre-flooring $ 7,341,488 $ 227,697 $ 7,569,185 Flooring impact, end of period 44 0 44 Balance, end of period, post-flooring 7,341,532 227,697 7,569,229 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 6,650,332 18,428 6,668,760 Balance after reinsurance recoverables, end of period, post-flooring $ 691,200 $ 209,269 $ 900,469 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Present Value of Expected Net Premiums Term Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 10,911,794 $ 0 $ 10,911,794 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, beginning of period 554,896 0 554,896 Balance at original discount rate, beginning of period 11,466,690 0 11,466,690 Effect of actual variances from expected experience and other activity (4,111) (599) (4,710) Adjusted balance, beginning of period 11,462,579 (599) 11,461,980 Issuances 132,627 9,560 142,187 Net premiums / considerations collected (338,534) (8,961) (347,495) Interest accrual 131,333 0 131,333 Balance at original discount rate, end of period 11,388,005 0 11,388,005 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, end of period (312,681) 0 (312,681) Balance, end of period $ 11,075,324 $ 0 $ 11,075,324 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits Term Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 17,835,251 $ 204,727 $ 18,039,978 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, beginning of period 962,034 24,876 986,910 Balance at original discount rate, beginning of period 18,797,285 229,603 19,026,888 Effect of actual variances from expected experience and other activity (13,802) 1,427 (12,375) Adjusted balance, beginning of period 18,783,483 231,030 19,014,513 Issuances 132,627 9,560 142,187 Interest accrual 223,841 2,137 225,978 Benefit payments (378,918) (7,418) (386,336) Other adjustments 1,278 (41) 1,237 Balance at original discount rate, end of period 18,762,311 235,268 18,997,579 Effect of cumulative changes in discount rate assumptions, end of period (474,265) (19,786) (494,051) Balance, end of period $ 18,288,046 $ 215,482 $ 18,503,528 Other, end of period 2,055 Total balance, end of period $ 18,505,583 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Net Liability for Future Policy Benefits (Benefit Reserves) Term Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Balance, end of period, pre-flooring $ 7,212,722 $ 215,482 $ 7,428,204 Flooring impact, end of period 0 0 0 Balance, end of period, post-flooring $ 7,212,722 $ 215,482 $ 7,428,204 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 6,719,094 17,336 6,736,430 Balance after reinsurance recoverables, end of period, post-flooring $ 493,628 $ 198,146 $ 691,774 The following tables provide supplemental information related to the balances of and changes in Benefit Reserves included in the disaggregated tables above, on a gross (direct and assumed) basis, as of and for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Term Life Fixed Annuities ($ in thousands) Undiscounted expected future gross premiums $ 21,812,112 $ 0 Discounted expected future gross premiums (at original discount rate) $ 14,968,218 $ 0 Discounted expected future gross premiums (at current discount rate) $ 14,408,614 $ 0 Undiscounted expected future benefits and expenses $ 29,069,972 $ 336,830 Interest accrual $ 94,935 $ 2,204 Gross premiums $ 446,853 $ 8,572 Weighted-average duration of the liability in years (at original discount rate) 10 7 Weighted-average duration of the liability in years (at current discount rate) 10 6 Weighted-average interest rate (at original discount rate) 5.16 % 3.76 % Weighted-average interest rate (at current discount rate) 5.29 % 5.26 % Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Term Life Fixed Annuities ($ in thousands) Undiscounted expected future gross premiums $ 22,077,087 $ 0 Discounted expected future gross premiums (at original discount rate) $ 15,222,212 $ 0 Discounted expected future gross premiums (at current discount rate) $ 14,816,791 $ 0 Undiscounted expected future benefits and expenses $ 29,198,512 $ 316,153 Interest accrual $ 92,508 $ 2,137 Gross premiums $ 449,968 $ 10,891 Weighted-average duration of the liability in years (at original discount rate) 10 7 Weighted-average duration of the liability in years (at current discount rate) 10 6 Weighted-average interest rate (at original discount rate) 5.21 % 3.69 % Weighted-average interest rate (at current discount rate) 5.05 % 5.01 % For additional information regarding observable market information and the techniques used to determine the interest rate assumptions seen above, see Note 2 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. For non-participating traditional and limited-payment products, if a cohort is in a loss position where the liability for future policy benefits plus the present value of expected future gross premiums are determined to be insufficient to provide for the present value of expected future policy benefits and non-level claim settlement expenses, then the liability for future policy benefits is adjusted at that time, and thereafter such that all changes, both favorable and unfavorable, in expected benefits resulting from both actual experience deviations and changes in future assumptions are recognized immediately as a gain or loss, respectively. In the first three months of 2024, there was an immaterial impact to net income for non-participating traditional and limited-payment products, where net premiums exceeded gross premiums for certain issue-year cohorts. In the first three months of 2023, there was a $24 million gain in net income for non-participating traditional and limited-payment products, where net premiums exceeded gross premiums for certain issue-year cohorts, mostly offset by a $23 million loss, reflecting the impact of ceded reinsurance on the affected cohorts. The favorable impact in the first three months of 2023 is primarily due to favorable mortality experience related to individual term life products. Deferred Profit Liability The balances of and changes in DPL as of and for the periods indicated are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Fixed Annuities (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period, post-flooring $ 14,818 $ 18,193 Effect of actual variances from expected experience and other activity 330 (951) Adjusted balance, beginning of period 15,148 17,242 Profits deferred 216 1,856 Interest accrual 133 182 Amortization (456) (541) Other adjustments (3) (8) Balance, end of period, post-flooring 15,038 18,731 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 1,576 1,545 Balance after reinsurance recoverables, end of period $ 13,462 $ 17,186 The following table provides supplemental information related to the balances of and changes in DPL, included in the disaggregated table above, on a gross (direct and assumed) basis, as of and for the period indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Fixed Annuities (in thousands) Revenue(1) $ (221) $ (539) Interest accrual 133 182 (1) Represents the gross premiums collected in changes in DPL. Additional Insurance Reserves AIR represents the additional liability for annuitization, death, or other insurance benefits, including guaranteed minimum death benefits ("GMDB") and guaranteed minimum income benefits ("GMIB") contract features, that are above and beyond the contractholder's account balance. The following table shows a rollforward of AIR balances for variable and universal life products for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 (in thousands) Balance, including amounts in AOCI, beginning of period, post-flooring $ 14,280,793 $ 12,664,445 Flooring impact and amounts in AOCI 831,583 1,269,237 Balance, excluding amounts in AOCI, beginning of period, pre-flooring 15,112,376 13,933,682 Effect of actual variances from expected experience and other activity 191,103 (32,188) Adjusted balance, beginning of period 15,303,479 13,901,494 Assessments collected(1) 297,419 267,869 Interest accrual 128,241 117,307 Benefits paid (68,233) (71,551) Balance, excluding amounts in AOCI, end of period, pre-flooring 15,660,906 14,215,119 Flooring impact and amounts in AOCI (1,014,852) (962,417) Balance, including amounts in AOCI, end of period, post-flooring 14,646,054 13,252,702 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 14,466,067 13,029,847 Balance after reinsurance recoverables, including amounts in AOCI, end of period $ 179,987 $ 222,855 (1) Represents the portion of gross assessments required to fund the future policy benefits. Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 ($ in thousands) Interest accrual $ 128,241 $ 117,307 Gross assessments $ 419,396 $ 427,489 Weighted-average duration of the liability in years (at original discount rate) 22 22 Weighted-average interest rate (at original discount rate) 3.39 % 3.38 % Future Policy Benefits Reconciliation The following table presents the reconciliation of the ending balances from the above rollforwards, Benefit Reserves, DPL, and AIR, including other liabilities, gross of related reinsurance recoverables, to the total liability for Future Policy Benefits as reported on the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 (in thousands) Benefit reserves, end of period, post-flooring $ 7,569,229 $ 7,428,204 Deferred profit liability, end of period, post-flooring 15,038 18,731 Additional insurance reserves, including amounts in AOCI, end of period, post-flooring 14,646,054 13,252,702 Subtotal of amounts disclosed above 22,230,321 20,699,637 Other Future policy benefits reserves(1) 1,181,796 1,059,906 Total Future policy benefits $ 23,412,117 $ 21,759,543 (1) Primarily represents balances for which disaggregated rollforward disclosures are not required, including unpaid claims and claims expenses, and incurred but not reported and in course of settlement claim liabilities. Revenue and Interest Expense The following tables present revenue and interest expense related to Benefit Reserves, DPL, and AIR, as well as related revenue and interest expense not presented in the above supplemental tables, in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Revenues(1) Term Life Variable/ Universal Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Benefit reserves $ 446,853 $ 0 $ 8,572 $ 455,425 Deferred profit liability 0 0 (221) (221) Additional insurance reserves 0 419,396 0 419,396 Total $ 446,853 $ 419,396 $ 8,351 $ 874,600 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Revenues(1) Term Life Variable/ Universal Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Benefit reserves $ 449,968 $ 0 $ 10,891 $ 460,859 Deferred profit liability 0 0 (539) (539) Additional insurance reserves 0 427,489 0 427,489 Total $ 449,968 $ 427,489 $ 10,352 $ 887,809 (1) Represents "Gross premiums" for benefit reserves; "Revenue" for DPL and "Gross assessments" for AIR. Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Interest Expense Term Life Variable/ Universal Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Benefit reserves $ 94,935 $ 0 $ 2,204 $ 97,139 Deferred profit liability 0 0 133 133 Additional insurance reserves 0 128,241 0 128,241 Total $ 94,935 $ 128,241 $ 2,337 $ 225,513 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Interest Expense Term Life Variable/ Universal Life Fixed Annuities Total (in thousands) Benefit reserves $ 92,508 $ 0 $ 2,137 $ 94,645 Deferred profit liability 0 0 182 182 Additional insurance reserves 0 117,307 0 117,307 Total $ 92,508 $ 117,307 $ 2,319 $ 212,134 Policyholders' Account Balances The balances of and changes in policyholders' account balances as of and for the periods ended are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Fixed Annuities Variable Annuities Variable Life / Universal Life Total ($ in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 6,164,313 $ 22,836,765 $ 20,167,713 $ 49,168,791 Deposits 1,553,852 1,624,956 529,212 3,708,020 Interest credited 43,517 98,143 138,059 279,719 Policy charges 2,208 (3,702) (455,538) (457,032) Surrenders and withdrawals (103,696) (179,988) (199,907) (483,591) Benefit payments (12,879) (4,926) (17,856) (35,661) Net transfers (to) from separate account 0 (6,723) 84,803 78,080 Change in market value and other adjustments(1) 88,291 1,368,024 37,169 1,493,484 Balance, end of period 7,735,606 25,732,549 20,283,655 53,751,810 Unearned revenue reserve 3,908,497 Other 103,851 Total Policyholders' account balance $ 57,764,158 Weighted-average crediting rate 2.50 % 1.62 % 2.73 % 2.17 % Net amount at risk(2) $ 18 $ 0 $ 327,231,561 $ 327,231,579 Cash surrender value(3) $ 6,674,346 $ 23,282,269 $ 18,899,950 $ 48,856,565 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Fixed Annuities(4) Variable Annuities Variable Life / Universal Life Total ($ in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 3,575,824 $ 16,432,032 $ 18,736,365 $ 38,744,221 Deposits 564,236 948,987 530,381 2,043,604 Interest credited 11,996 78,629 141,753 232,378 Policy charges (118) (5,729) (451,990) (457,837) Surrenders and withdrawals (43,158) (113,424) (216,334) (372,916) Benefit payments (10,215) (10,624) (24,771) (45,610) Net transfers (to) from separate account 0 10,253 24,911 35,164 Change in market value and other adjustments(1) 9,343 191,448 84,425 285,216 Balance, end of period 4,107,908 17,531,572 18,824,740 40,464,220 Unearned revenue reserve 3,234,755 Other(4) 100,146 Total Policyholders' account balance $ 43,799,121 Weighted-average crediting rate 1.25 % 1.85 % 3.02 % 2.35 % Net amount at risk(2) $ 7 $ 0 $ 308,975,503 $ 308,975,510 Cash surrender value(3) $ 3,459,140 $ 15,338,366 $ 17,242,003 $ 36,039,509 (1) Primarily relates to changes in the value of embedded derivative instruments associated with the indexed options of certain products. (2) The net amount at risk calculation includes both general and separate account balances. (3) Represents the amount of the contractholder's account balances distributable at the balance sheet date less certain surrender charges. (4) Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. The Company issues variable life and universal life insurance contracts which may also include a “no-lapse guarantee” where the Company contractually guarantees to the contractholder a death benefit even when the account value drops to zero, as long as the “no-lapse guarantee” premium is paid. The net amount at risk is generally defined as the current death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date. The Company’s primary risk exposures for these contracts relates to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including contractholder mortality, contract lapses, and premium pattern, as well as interest rate and equity market returns. The Company also issues annuity contracts that provide certain death benefit and/or living benefit guarantees and are accounted for as MRBs. See Note 10 for additional information, including the net amount at risk associated with these guarantees. The balance of account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums are as follows: March 31, 2024 Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate (1) At guaranteed minimum 1 -50 bps above guaranteed minimum 51 -150 bps above guaranteed minimum Greater than 150 bps above guaranteed minimum Total (in thousands) Fixed Annuities Less than 1.00% $ 285 $ 1,923 $ 6,312 $ 621,391 $ 629,911 1.00% - 1.99% 473,330 72,870 217,461 80,120 843,781 2.00% - 2.99% 300,163 465,693 564,226 15,919 1,346,001 3.00% - 4.00% 324,553 1,941 2,156 241 328,891 Greater than 4.00% 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 1,098,331 $ 542,427 $ 790,155 $ 717,671 $ 3,148,584 Variable Annuities Less than 1.00% $ 865,767 $ 727,194 $ 69,871 $ 195 $ 1,663,027 1.00% - 1.99% 216,457 23,819 924 0 241,200 2.00% - 2.99% 20,916 4,192 4,174 0 29,282 3.00% - 4.00% 878,815 6,926 0 0 885,741 Greater than 4.00% 2,066 0 0 0 2,066 Total $ 1,984,021 $ 762,131 $ 74,969 $ 195 $ 2,821,316 Variable Life / Universal Life Less than 1.00% $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 184,308 $ 184,308 1.00% - 1.99% 226,470 0 1,661,933 1,514,100 3,402,503 2.00% - 2.99% 29,823 1,462,438 2,854,281 201,794 4,548,336 3.00% - 4.00% 3,904,574 2,376,925 918,116 0 7,199,615 Greater than 4.00% 2,127,526 0 0 0 2,127,526 Total $ 6,288,393 $ 3,839,363 $ 5,434,330 $ 1,900,202 $ 17,462,288 March 31, 2023 Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate (1) At guaranteed minimum 1 - 50 bps above guaranteed minimum 51 -150 bps above guaranteed minimum Greater than 150 bps above guaranteed minimum Total (in thousands) Fixed Annuities(2) Less than 1.00% $ 0 $ 23 $ 27 $ 0 $ 50 1.00% - 1.99% 515,521 74,533 251,361 84,016 925,431 2.00% - 2.99% 235,746 210,897 26,904 10,805 484,352 3.00% - 4.00% 36,010 0 0 0 36,010 Greater than 4.00% 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 787,277 $ 285,453 $ 278,292 $ 94,821 $ 1,445,843 Variable Annuities Less than 1.00% $ 1,004,577 $ 848,029 $ 18,595 $ 2 $ 1,871,203 1.00% - 1.99% 236,212 2,204 1,287 0 239,703 2.00% - 2.99% 25,642 1,916 0 0 27,558 3.00% - 4.00% 1,030,028 2,225 0 0 1,032,253 Greater than 4.00% 2,160 0 0 0 2,160 Total $ 2,298,619 $ 854,374 $ 19,882 $ 2 $ 3,172,877 Variable Life / Universal Life Less than 1.00% $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 10,513 $ 10,513 1.00% - 1.99% 149,551 0 1,071,226 1,948,636 3,169,413 2.00% - 2.99% 32,394 122,790 4,003,885 260,445 4,419,514 3.00% - 4.00% 4,643,346 1,840,308 358,423 0 6,842,077 Greater than 4.00% 2,134,411 0 0 0 2,134,411 Total $ 6,959,702 $ 1,963,098 $ 5,433,534 $ 2,219,594 $ 16,575,928 (1) Excludes contracts without minimum guaranteed crediting rates, such as funds with indexed-linked crediting options. (2) Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation. Unearned Revenue Reserve ("URR") The balances of and changes in URR as of and for the periods ended are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Variable Life / Universal Life (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 3,741,426 $ 3,067,335 Unearned revenue 211,542 200,262 Amortization expense (44,470) (32,752) Other adjustments (1) (90) Balance, end of period $ 3,908,497 $ 3,234,755 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 1,762,417 1,583,054 Balance after reinsurance recoverables, end of period $ 2,146,080 $ 1,651,701 The following tables show a rollforward of MRB balances for variable annuity products, along with a reconciliation to the Company’s total net MRB positions as of the following dates: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Variable Annuities Less: Reinsured Market Risk Benefits Total, Net of Reinsurance (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 3,694,950 $ (917,792) $ 2,777,158 Effect of cumulative changes in non-performance risk 1,068,035 0 1,068,035 Balance, beginning of period, before effect of changes in 4,762,985 (917,792) 3,845,193 Attributed fees collected 281,171 (66,967) 214,204 Claims paid (16,417) 1,511 (14,906) Interest accrual 68,360 (15,642) 52,718 Actual in force different from expected 2,495 (4,539) (2,044) Effect of changes in interest rates (832,834) 180,022 (652,812) Effect of changes in equity markets (846,759) 87,042 (759,717) Issuances 12,766 (619) 12,147 Other adjustments 13,017 (603) 12,414 Effect of changes in current period counterparty non-performance risk 0 (26,662) (26,662) Balance, end of period, before effect of changes in non-performance risk 3,444,784 (764,249) 2,680,535 Effect of cumulative changes in non-performance risk (829,061) 0 (829,061) Balance, end of period $ 2,615,723 $ (764,249) $ 1,851,474 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Variable Annuities Less: Reinsured Market Risk Benefits Total, Net of Reinsurance (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 4,550,625 $ (422,261) $ 4,128,364 Effect of cumulative changes in non-performance risk 1,727,910 0 1,727,910 Balance, beginning of period, before effect of changes in 6,278,535 (422,261) 5,856,274 Attributed fees collected 293,206 (34,490) 258,716 Claims paid (23,881) 1,653 (22,228) Interest accrual 78,947 (2,290) 76,657 Actual in force different from expected 19,425 (2,389) 17,036 Effect of changes in interest rates 438,057 (49,031) 389,026 Effect of changes in equity markets (635,535) 66,494 (569,041) Other adjustments 77,790 0 77,790 Effect of changes in current period counterparty non-performance risk 0 18,297 18,297 Balance, end of period, before effect of changes in non-performance risk 6,526,544 (424,017) 6,102,527 Effect of cumulative changes in non-performance risk (1,908,334) 0 (1,908,334) Balance, end of period $ 4,618,210 $ (424,017) $ 4,194,193 The Company issues certain variable annuity insurance contracts where the Company contractually guarantees to the contractholder a return of no less than (1) total deposits made to the contract adjusted for any partial withdrawals plus a minimum return, and/or (2) the highest anniversary contract value on a specified date adjusted for any withdrawals. These guarantees include benefits that are payable in the event of death, annuitization or at specified dates during the accumulation period and withdrawal and income benefits payable during specified periods. The Company also issues indexed variable annuity contracts for which the return is tied to the return of specific indices where the Company contractually guarantees to the contractholder a return of no less than total deposits made to the contract adjusted for any partial withdrawals upon death. In certain of these indexed variable annuity contracts, the Company also contractually guarantees to the contractholder withdrawal benefits payable during specific periods. For guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date. The Company’s primary risk exposures for these contracts relates to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including fixed income and equity market returns, contract lapses and contractholder mortality. For guarantees of benefits that are payable at annuitization, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuity payments available to the contractholder determined in accordance with the terms of the contract in excess of the current account balance. The Company’s primary risk exposures for these contracts relates to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including fixed income and equity market returns, timing of annuitization, contract lapses and contractholder mortality. For guarantees of benefits that are payable at withdrawal, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the present value of the minimum guaranteed withdrawal payments available to the contractholder determined in accordance with the terms of the contract in excess of the current account balance. For guarantees of accumulation balances, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the guaranteed minimum accumulation balance minus the current account balance. The Company’s primary risk exposures for these contracts relates to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including equity market returns, interest rates, market volatility and contractholder behavior. The following table presents accompanying information to the rollforward table above. March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023 Variable Annuities ($ in thousands) Net amount at risk(1) $ 8,350,431 $ 10,414,717 Weighted-average attained age of contractholders 70 69 (1) For contracts with multiple benefit features, the highest net amount at risk for each contract is included. The table below reconciles MRB asset and liability positions as of the following dates: March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023 Variable Annuities (in thousands) Direct and assumed $ 1,472,957 $ 880,131 Ceded 1,063,886 547,357 Total market risk benefit assets $ 2,536,843 $ 1,427,488 Direct and assumed $ 4,088,679 $ 5,498,342 Ceded 299,638 123,339 Total market risk benefit liabilities $ 4,388,317 $ 5,621,681 Net liability $ 1,851,474 $ 4,194,193 |