UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 033-37587
Pruco Life Insurance Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Arizona | | 22-1944557 |
(State or other jurisdiction, incorporation or organization) | | (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
213 Washington Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(973) 802-6000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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| | Large accelerated filer ¨ | | Accelerated filer ¨ | | |
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| | Non-accelerated filer x | | Smaller reporting Company ¨ | | |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO x
As of November 10, 2008, 250,000 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock (par value $10), were outstanding. As of such date, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a New Jersey Corporation, owned all of the Registrant’s Common Stock.
Pruco Life Insurance Company meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction (H)(1)(a) and (b) on
Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this Form with the reduced disclosure format.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain of the statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including but not limited to those in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “includes,” “plans,” “assumes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “should,” “will,” “shall” or variations of such words are generally part of forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects upon Pruco Life Insurance Company. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting Pruco Life Insurance Company will be those anticipated by management. These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and there are certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements, including, among others: (1) general economic, market and political conditions, including the performance and fluctuations of fixed income, equity, real estate and other financial markets, particularly in light of the stress experienced by the global financial markets that began in the second half of 2007 and substantially increased in the third quarter of 2008; (2) the availability and cost of external financing for our operations, which has been affected by the stress experienced by the global financial markets; (3) interest rate fluctuations; (4) re-estimates of our reserves for future policy benefits and claims; (5) differences between actual experience regarding mortality, morbidity, persistency, surrender experience, interest rates, or market returns and the assumptions we use in pricing our products, establishing liabilities and reserves or for other purposes; (6) changes in our assumptions related to deferred policy acquisition costs and valuation of business acquired; (7) changes in our claims-paying or credit ratings; (8) investment losses and defaults; (9) competition in our product lines and for personnel; (10) changes in tax law; (11) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and foreign securities markets; 12) regulatory or legislative changes, including government actions in response to the stress experienced by the global financial markets; (13) adverse determinations in litigation or regulatory matters and our exposure to contingent liabilities; (14) domestic or international military actions, natural or man-made disasters including terrorist activities or pandemic disease, or other events resulting in catastrophic loss of life; (15) ineffectiveness of risk management policies and procedures in identifying, monitoring and managing risks; (16) effects of acquisitions, divestitures and restructurings, including possible difficulties in integrating and realizing the projected results of acquisitions; (17) changes in statutory or “U.S. GAAP” accounting principles, practices or policies; and (18) changes in assumptions for retirement expense. Pruco Life Insurance Company does not intend, and
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is under no obligation, to update any particular forward-looking statement included in this document. See “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of certain risks relating to our businesses and investment in our securities.
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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 (in thousands, except share amounts)
| | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturities available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost, 2008: $4,609,852; 2007: $4,470,186) | | $ | 4,439,486 | | | $ | 4,509,969 |
Equity securities available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost, 2008: $28,032; 2007: $28,037) | | | 26,844 | | | | 30,107 |
Trading account assets | | | 5,880 | | | | 1,164 |
Policy loans | | | 992,470 | | | | 961,054 |
Short-term investments | | | 121,920 | | | | 119,606 |
Commercial loans | | | 861,031 | | | | 745,223 |
Other long-term investments | | | 56,842 | | | | 53,288 |
| | | | | | | |
Total investments | | | 6,504,473 | | | | 6,420,411 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 481,632 | | | | 92,964 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 2,503,256 | | | | 2,174,315 |
Accrued investment income | | | 80,526 | | | | 73,968 |
Reinsurance recoverable from affiliates | | | 2,054,944 | | | | 1,599,910 |
Receivables from parent and affiliates | | | 169,559 | | | | 155,990 |
Deferred sales inducements | | | 257,268 | | | | 215,057 |
Other assets | | | 29,688 | | | | 15,932 |
Separate account assets | | | 20,675,590 | | | | 24,609,488 |
| | | | | | | |
TOTAL ASSETS | | $ | 32,756,936 | | | $ | 35,358,035 |
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| | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Policyholders’ account balances | | $ | 6,029,320 | | | $ | 5,076,654 |
Future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities | | | 2,697,553 | | | | 2,175,326 |
Cash collateral for loaned securities | | | 106,287 | | | | 142,680 |
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase | | | 69,429 | | | | 272,803 |
Income taxes | | | 443,460 | | | | 484,107 |
Short-term debt to affiliates | | | — | | | | 55,863 |
Payable to parent and affiliates | | | 66,782 | | | | 60,207 |
Other liabilities | | | 366,216 | | | | 207,491 |
Separate account liabilities | | | 20,675,590 | | | | 24,609,488 |
| | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 30,454,637 | | | | 33,084,619 |
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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (See Note 2) | | | | | | | |
| | |
Stockholder’s Equity | | | | | | | |
Common stock, ($10 par value; 1,000,000 shares, authorized; 250,000 shares, issued and outstanding) | | | 2,500 | | | | 2,500 |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 455,664 | | | | 455,664 |
Retained earnings | | | 1,918,520 | | | | 1,797,387 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | | | (74,385 | ) | | | 17,865 |
| | | | | | | |
Total stockholder’s equity | | | 2,302,299 | | | | 2,273,416 |
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TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY | | $ | 32,756,936 | | | $ | 35,358,035 |
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See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
4
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months ended September 30 | | | Nine Months ended September 30 | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Premiums | | $ | 15,319 | | | $ | 16,370 | | | $ | 51,765 | | | $ | 44,825 | |
Policy charges and fee income | | | 145,087 | | | | 208,483 | | | | 471,117 | | | | 519,918 | |
Net investment income | | | 93,706 | | | | 96,032 | | | | 273,530 | | | | 291,782 | |
Realized investment (losses), net | | | (34,496 | ) | | | (10,109 | ) | | | (58,504 | ) | | | (22,264 | ) |
Asset management fees | | | 6,995 | | | | 5,841 | | | | 19,727 | | | | 18,341 | |
Other income | | | 7,475 | | | | 6,031 | | | | 21,952 | | | | 18,814 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 234,086 | | | | 322,648 | | | | 779,587 | | | | 871,416 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Policyholders’ benefits | | | 91,244 | | | | 18,138 | | | | 164,538 | | | | 79,590 | |
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | | | 55,323 | | | | 51,640 | | | | 157,893 | | | | 157,179 | |
General, administrative and other expenses | | | 90,979 | | | | 151,280 | | | | 338,007 | | | | 396,202 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total benefits and expenses | | | 237,546 | | | | 221,058 | | | | 660,438 | | | | 632,971 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) Income from operations before income taxes | | | (3,460 | ) | | | 101,590 | | | | 119,149 | | | | 238,445 | |
| | | | |
Income tax (benefit) expense | | | (19,020 | ) | | | 15,676 | | | | (1,984 | ) | | | 46,341 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NET INCOME | | | 15,560 | | | | 85,914 | | | | 121,133 | | | | 192,104 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Changes in net unrealized investment gains/(losses) and changes in foreign currency, net of taxes (1) | | | (56,702 | ) | | | 9,615 | | | | (92,250 | ) | | | (14,477 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME | | $ | (41,142 | ) | | $ | 95,529 | | | $ | 28,883 | | | $ | 177,627 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Amounts are net of tax expenses of $30.5 million and tax benefits of $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. Amounts are net of tax expenses of $49.3 million and $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively. |
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
5
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statement of Stockholder’s Equity
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in- Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | | | Net Unrealized Investment Gain (Loss) | | | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | | Total Stockholder’s Equity | |
Balance, December 31, 2007 | | $ | 2,500 | | $ | 455,664 | | $ | 1,797,387 | | $ | 629 | | | $ | 17,236 | | | $ | 17,865 | | | $ | 2,273,416 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net Income | | | — | | | — | | | 121,133 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 121,133 | |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (403 | ) | | | — | | | | (403 | ) | | | (403 | ) |
Change in net unrealized investment (losses), net of taxes | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (91,847 | ) | | | (91,847 | ) | | | (91,847 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2008 | | $ | 2,500 | | $ | 455,664 | | $ | 1,918,520 | | $ | 226 | | | $ | (74,611 | ) | | $ | (74,385 | ) | | $ | 2,302,299 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
6
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
CASH FLOWS (USED IN) FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 121,133 | | | $ | 192,104 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Policy charges and fee income | | | (126,821 | ) | | | (164,335 | ) |
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | | | 157,893 | | | | 157,179 | |
Realized investment losses, net | | | 58,504 | | | | 22,264 | |
Amortization and other non-cash items | | | (3,504 | ) | | | (1,987 | ) |
Change in: | | | | | | | | |
Future policy benefits and other insurance liabilities | | | 521,016 | | | | 264,571 | |
Reinsurance recoverable | | | (431,923 | ) | | | (254,502 | ) |
Accrued investment income | | | (6,558 | ) | | | (3,569 | ) |
Receivables from parent and affiliates | | | (11,516 | ) | | | 52,469 | |
Payable to parent and affiliates | | | 6,576 | | | | 70,434 | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | (188,161 | ) | | | (141,570 | ) |
Income taxes payable | | | 8,681 | | | | 8,640 | |
Deferred sales inducements | | | (42,211 | ) | | | (21,364 | ) |
Other, net | | | (34,993 | ) | | | (115,271 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS (USED IN) FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | 28,116 | | | | 65,063 | |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS (USED IN) FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of: | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturities, available for sale | | | 956,376 | | | | 1,554,109 | |
Policy loans | | | 80,484 | | | | 77,235 | |
Commercial loans | | | 16,062 | | | | 20,456 | |
Equity securities | | | 12 | | | | 393 | |
Payments for the purchase of: | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturities, available for sale | | | (1,163,895 | ) | | | (1,277,407 | ) |
Policy loans | | | (80,466 | ) | | | (77,640 | ) |
Commercial loans | | | (98,775 | ) | | | (185,064 | ) |
Trading assets | | | (4,890 | ) | | | — | |
Notes receivable from parent and affiliates, net | | | (1,699 | ) | | | (4,812 | ) |
Other long-term investments, net | | | (36,282 | ) | | | (15,676 | ) |
Short-term investments, net | | | (2,486 | ) | | | 31,964 | |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS (USED IN) FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | (335,559 | ) | | | 123,558 | |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Policyholders’ account deposits | | | 2,421,468 | | | | 2,253,790 | |
Policyholders’ account withdrawals | | | (1,590,330 | ) | | | (2,597,661 | ) |
Net change in securities sold under agreement to repurchase and cash collateral for loaned securities | | | (239,767 | ) | | | 164,818 | |
Dividend to parent | | | — | | | | (300,000 | ) |
Net change in financing arrangements (maturities 90 days or less) | | | 104,740 | | | | (3,946 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | 696,111 | | | | (482,999 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 388,668 | | | | (294,378 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | | | 92,964 | | | | 485,199 | |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD | | $ | 481,632 | | | $ | 190,821 | |
| | | | | | | | |
SUPPLE SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes (refunded) paid | | $ | (10,665 | ) | | $ | 37,702 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | 572 | | | $ | 295 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
7
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Pruco Life Insurance Company, or the “Company,” is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, or “Prudential Insurance,” which in turn is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc., or “Prudential Financial.”
The Unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or “U.S. GAAP,” on a basis consistent with reporting interim financial information in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These interim financial statements are unaudited but reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to provide a fair presentation of the consolidated results of operations and financial condition of the Company for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.
The Company has extensive transactions and relationships with Prudential Insurance and other affiliates. Although we seek to ensure that these transactions and relationships are fair and reasonable, it is possible that the terms of these transactions are not the same as those that would result from transactions among wholly unrelated parties. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The most significant estimates include those used in determining deferred policy acquisition costs or “DAC”, investments, future policy benefits, provision for income taxes, reserves of contingent liabilities and reserves for losses in connection with unresolved legal matters.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
2. | CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND LITIGATION AND REGULATORY MATTERS |
Contingencies
On an ongoing basis, our internal supervisory and control functions review the quality of our sales, marketing, administration and servicing, and other customer interface procedures and practices and may recommend modifications or enhancements. From time to time, this review process results in the discovery of administration, servicing or other errors, including errors relating to the timing or amount of payments or contract values due to customers. In these cases, we offer customers appropriate remediation and may incur charges and expenses, including the costs of such remediation, administrative costs and regulatory fines.
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
We are subject to legal and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of our businesses, including class action lawsuits. Our pending legal and regulatory actions include proceedings specific to us and proceedings generally applicable to business practices in the industries in which we operate. We are subject to class action lawsuits and individual lawsuits involving a variety of issues, including sales practices, underwriting practices, claims payment and procedures, additional premium charges for premiums paid on a periodic basis, denial or delay of benefits, return of premiums or excessive premium charges and breach of fiduciary duties to customers. In our annuity operations, we are subject to litigation involving class action lawsuits and other litigation alleging, among other things, that we made improper or inadequate disclosures in connection with the sale of annuity products or charged excessive or impermissible fees on these products, recommended unsuitable products to customers, mishandled customer accounts or breached fiduciary duties to customers. We are also subject to litigation arising out of our general business activities, such as our
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Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
2. | CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND LITIGATION AND REGULATORY MATTERS (continued) |
investments and third-party contracts. Regulatory authorities from time to time make inquiries and conduct investigations and examinations relating particularly to us and our businesses and products. In addition, we, along with other participants in the businesses in which we engage, may be subject from time to time to investigations, examinations and inquiries, in some cases industry-wide, concerning issues or matters upon which such regulators have determined to focus. In some of our pending legal and regulatory actions, parties are seeking large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages. The outcome of a litigation or regulatory matter, and the amount or range of potential loss at any particular time, is often inherently uncertain.
Our litigation and regulatory matters are subject to many uncertainties, and given their complexity and scope, their outcome cannot be predicted. It is possible that our results of operations or cash flow in a particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of pending litigation and regulatory matters depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flow for such period. In light of the unpredictability of the Company’s litigation and regulatory matters, it is also possible that in certain cases an ultimate unfavorable resolution of one or more pending litigation or regulatory matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position. Management believes, however, that, based on information currently known to it, the ultimate outcome of all pending litigation and regulatory matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRONOUNCEMENTS |
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
SFAS 159
In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This statement provides companies with an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities at fair value, with the associated changes in fair value reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2008 and has not elected to fair value any assets or liabilities under this statement.
SFAS 157
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement does not change which assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, but the application of this statement could change practices in determining fair value. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2008. See Note 6 for more information on SFAS No. 157.
In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active.” This FSP clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 in a market that is not active and applies to financial assets within the scope of accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements in accordance with SFAS No. 157. The FSP is effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued. Accordingly, the Company adopted this guidance effective September 30, 2008. The Company’s adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4, “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees” an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161. This FSP requires sellers of credit derivatives and certain guarantees to disclose (a) the nature of the credit derivative, the reason(s) for entering into the credit derivative, approximate term, performance triggers, and the current status of the performance risk; (b) the undiscounted maximum potential amount of future payments the seller could be required to make before considering any recoveries from recourse provisions or collateral; (c) the credit derivative’s fair value; (d) the nature of any recourse provisions and any collateral assets held to ensure performance. This FSP also requires the above disclosures for hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivatives and amends paragraph 13 of FIN 45 to require disclosure of the current status of the guarantee’s performance risk. In addition, this FSP clarifies that SFAS No. 161 shall be effective for financial statements issued for any annual or quarterly interim reporting period beginning after November 15, 2008. This FSP is effective for the Company’s 2008 annual consolidated financial statements and the Company is currently assessing the impact on these statements.
9
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRONOUNCEMENTS (continued) |
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. This statement amends and expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring companies to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement No. 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. This statement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 161 on the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-3, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions”. The FSP provides recognition and derecognition guidance for a repurchase financing transaction, which is a repurchase agreement that relates to a previously transferred financial asset between the same counterparties, that is entered into contemporaneously with or in contemplation of, the initial transfer. The FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The FSP is to be applied prospectively to new transactions entered into after the adoption date. The Company will adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2009. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this FSP on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157.” This FSP applies to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). FSP FAS 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 or these items to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this FSP on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company’s liability for income taxes includes the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties which relate to tax years still subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or other taxing jurisdictions. Audit periods remain open for review until the statute of limitations has passed. Generally, for tax years which produce net operating losses, capital losses or tax credit carryforwards (“tax attributes”), the statute of limitations does not close, to the extent of these tax attributes, until the expiration of the statute of limitations for the tax year in which they are fully utilized. The completion of review or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a given audit period could result in an adjustment to the liability for income taxes. The statute of limitations for the 2002 and 2003 tax years is set to expire in 2009. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to its total unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. Taxable years 2004 through 2007 are still open for IRS examination.
The dividends received deduction, or DRD, reduces the amount of dividend income subject to U.S. tax and in recent years is the primary component of the difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate of 35%. The DRD for the current period was estimated using information from 2007 and current year results, and was adjusted to take into account the current year’s equity market performance. The actual current year DRD can vary from the estimate based on factors such as, but not limited to, changes in the amount of dividends received that are eligible for the DRD, changes in the amount of distributions received from mutual fund investments, changes in the account balances of variable life and annuity contracts, and our taxable income before the DRD.
In December 2006, the IRS completed all fieldwork with regards to its examination of the consolidated federal income tax returns for tax years 2002 and 2003. The final report was initially submitted to the Joint Committee on Taxation for their review in April 2007. The final report was resubmitted in March 2008 and again in April 2008. The Joint Committee returned the report to the IRS for additional review of the industry issue regarding the methodology for calculating the DRD related to variable life insurance and annuity contracts. The IRS completed its review of the
10
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRONOUNCEMENTS (continued) |
issue and proposed an adjustment with respect to the calculation of the DRD. In order to expedite a pending income tax refund related to the 2002 and 2003 years, the Company has agreed to such adjustment. Nevertheless, the Company believes that its return position is technically correct. Therefore, the Company intends to file a protective refund claim to recover the taxes associated with the agreed upon adjustment and to pursue such other actions as appropriate. The report, with the adjustment, was submitted to the Joint Committee on Taxation in October 2008. These activities had no impact on our 2007 or 2008 results.
The Company participates in reinsurance with Prudential Insurance, Prudential of Taiwan, Prudential Arizona Reinsurance Captive Company “PARCC”, Universal Prudential Arizona Reinsurance Company “UPARC” and Pruco Reinsurance, Ltd. “Pruco Re”, in order to provide risk diversification, additional capacity for future growth and limit the maximum net loss potential arising from large risks. Life reinsurance is accomplished through various plans of reinsurance, primarily yearly renewable term and coinsurance. Reinsurance ceded arrangements do not discharge the Company as the primary insurer. Ceded balances would represent a liability of the Company in the event the reinsurers were unable to meet their obligations to the Company under the terms of the reinsurance agreements. The likelihood of a material reinsurance liability resulting from such inability of reinsurers to meet their obligation is considered to be remote.
During 2008, the Company entered into two new reinsurance agreements with an affiliate as part of its risk management and capital management strategies. Effective January 28, 2008, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement with Pruco Re providing for the 100% reinsurance of its Highest Daily Lifetime Seven (“HD7”) benefit feature sold on certain of its annuities. Effective January 28, 2008, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement with Pruco Re providing for the 100% reinsurance of its Highest Daily Guaranteed Return Option (“HD GRO”) benefit feature sold on certain of its annuities.
During 2007, the Company amended the reinsurance agreements it entered into in 2005 covering its Lifetime Five benefit (“LT5”) feature sold on certain of its annuities. The coinsurance agreement entered into with Prudential Insurance in 2005 provided for the 100% reinsurance of its LT5 feature sold on certain new business with issue dates from March 15, 2005 to May 5, 2005. This agreement was recaptured effective August 1, 2007. Effective July 1, 2005, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement with Pruco Re providing for the 100% reinsurance of its LT5 feature sold on new business after May 5, 2005 as well as for riders issued on or after March 15, 2005 on business in-force before March 15, 2005. This agreement was amended effective August 1, 2007 to include the reinsurance of business sold from March 15, 2005 to May 5, 2005 that was previously reinsured to Prudential Insurance.
Reinsurance premiums, commissions, expense reimbursements, benefits and reserves related to reinsured long-duration contracts are accounted for over the life of the underlying reinsured contracts using assumptions consistent with those used to account for the underlying contracts. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers, for long duration reinsurance arrangements, are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liabilities and policy benefits associated with the reinsured policies. The affiliated reinsurance agreements, including the Company’s reinsurance of all its Taiwan business as of February 1, 2001, are described further in Note 5 of the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reinsurance amounts included in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | Three months | | | Nine months | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Premiums and policy charges and fee income ceded | | (247,054 | ) | | (217,043 | ) | | (740,433 | ) | | (619,933 | ) |
Policyholders’ benefits ceded | | 100,898 | | | 116,301 | | | 386,633 | | | 319,684 | |
Realized capital (losses)/gains ceded, net | | (102,385 | ) | | (21,505 | ) | | (160,344 | ) | | 15,516 | |
Reinsurance premiums ceded for interest-sensitive life products are accounted for as a reduction of policy charges and fee income. Reinsurance ceded for term insurance products is accounted for as a reduction of premiums.
11
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
4. | REINSURANCE (continued) |
Realized capital gains ceded include the reinsurance of the Company’s derivatives under SFAS No. 133. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recognized through “Realized investment gains”. The Company has entered into reinsurance agreements to transfer the risk related to certain living benefit options to Pruco Re. The Company also sells certain universal life products that contain a no lapse guarantee provision. The Company entered into an agreement with an affiliate (See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) to reinsure these guarantees. These agreements have been accounted for as derivatives.
Reinsurance recoverables included in the Company’s Unaudited interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | (in thousands) |
| | 2008 | | 2007 |
Domestic life insurance – affiliated | | $ | 1,355,847 | | $ | 947,616 |
Domestic life insurance – unaffiliated | | | 315 | | | 1,910 |
Taiwan life insurance-affiliated | | | 698,782 | | | 650,384 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,054,944 | | $ | 1,599,910 |
| | | | | | |
The gross and net amounts of life insurance in force as of September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Gross life insurance in force | | $ | 436,547,897 | | | $ | 368,554,407 | |
Reinsurance ceded | | | (389,823,960 | ) | | | (326,101,987 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net life insurance in force | | $ | 46,723,937 | | | $ | 42,452,420 | |
| | | | | | | | |
5. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
The Company has extensive transactions and relationships with Prudential Insurance and other affiliates. Although we seek to ensure that these transactions and relationships are fair and reasonable, it is possible that the terms of these transactions are not the same as those that would result from transactions among wholly unrelated parties.
Expense Charges and Allocations
Many of the Company’s expenses are allocations or charges from Prudential Insurance or other affiliates. These expenses can be grouped into the following categories: general and administrative expenses and agency distribution expenses.
The Company’s general and administrative expenses are charged to the Company using allocation methodologies based on business processes. Management believes that the methodology is reasonable and reflects costs incurred by Prudential Insurance to process transactions on behalf of the Company. The Company operates under service and lease agreements whereby services of officers and employees, supplies, use of equipment and office space are provided by Prudential Insurance. The Company reviews its allocation methodology periodically which it may adjust accordingly. General and administrative expenses also include allocations of stock compensation expenses related to a stock option program and a deferred compensation program issued by Prudential Financial. The expense charged to the Company for the stock option program was less than $1 million for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expense charged to the Company for the deferred compensation program was less than $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007; and $2 million and $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company receives a charge for its share of employee benefits expenses. These expenses include costs for funded and non-funded contributory and non-contributory defined benefit pension plans. Benefits are based on final average earning and length of service, while benefits for other employees are based on an account balance, which takes into consideration age, service and earnings during career.
12
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
5. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
Prudential Insurance sponsors voluntary savings plans for the Company’s employee’s 401(k) plans. The plans provide for salary reduction contributions by employees and matching contributions by the Company of up to 4% of annual salary. The expense charged to the Company for the matching contribution to the plans was $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007; and $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company’s share of net expense for the pension plans was $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007; and $6 million and $5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively.
The Company is charged distribution expenses from Prudential Insurance’s agency network for both its domestic life and annuity products through a transfer pricing agreement, which is intended to reflect a market based pricing arrangement.
Affiliated Asset Management Fee Income
The Company participates in a revenue sharing agreement with Prudential Investments LLC, whereby the Company receives fee income from policyholders’ account balances invested in the Prudential Series Funds (“PSF”).
The Company also receives fee income calculated on contractholder separate account balances invested in the Advanced Series Trust Funds. These revenues are recorded as “Asset management fees” in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Corporate Owned Life Insurance
The Company has sold four Corporate Owned Life Insurance contracts, or “COLI”, to Prudential Insurance and one to Prudential Financial. The cash surrender value included in separate accounts for these COLI contracts was $1.415 billion at September 30, 2008 and $1.431 billion at December 31, 2007. Fees related to these COLI contracts were $17 million and $16 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $28 million and $27 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Reinsurance with affiliates
UPARC
The Company reinsures universal life policies having no-lapse guarantees with an affiliated company, UPARC. UPARC reinsures 90% of the net amount of mortality at risk as well as 100% of the risk of uncollectible policy charges and fees associated with the no lapse provision of these policies. The Company is not relieved of its primary obligation to the policyholder as a result of these transactions.
The portion of this contract related to mortality is accounted for as reinsurance. Reinsurance recoverables related to this agreement were $43 million and $24 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Fees ceded to UPARC were $14 million and $10 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $39 million and $28 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Benefits ceded to UPARC were $8 million and $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $41million and $21 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The portion of this contract related to the no lapse provision is accounted for as an embedded derivative. Realized losses of $5 million and gains of $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and gains of $23 million and losses of $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively, related to the change in the value of this embedded derivative. The underlying asset is reflected as other assets in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
PARCC
The Company reinsures 90% of the risk under its term life insurance policies through an automatic and facultative coinsurance agreement with PARCC. The Company is not relieved of its primary obligation to the policyholder as a result of this agreement. Reinsurance recoverables related to this agreement were $1.060 billion and $835 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Premiums ceded to PARCC were $170 million and $135 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $482 million and $384 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively. Benefits ceded were $48 million and $45 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $199 million and $140 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively. Reinsurance expense allowances, net of capitalization and amortization were $33 million and $26 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $96 million and $75 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively.
13
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
5. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
Prudential Insurance
The Company has a yearly renewable term reinsurance agreement with Prudential Insurance and reinsures the majority of all mortality risks not otherwise reinsured. Reinsurance recoverables related to this agreement were $49 million and $44 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Premiums and fees ceded to Prudential Insurance were $54 million and $51 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $161 million and $151 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively. Benefits ceded were $39 million and $63 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $133 million and $149 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively. The Company is not relieved of its primary obligation to the policyholder as a result of this agreement.
The Company has reinsured a group annuity contract with Prudential Insurance, in consideration for a single premium payment by the Company, providing reinsurance equal to 100% of all payments due under the contract. In addition, there are two yearly renewable term agreements in which the Company may offer, and the reinsurer may accept reinsurance on any life in excess of the Company’s maximum limit of retention. The Company is not relieved of its primary obligation to the policyholder’s as a result of these agreements. Reinsurance recoverables related to this agreement were $9 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Benefits ceded were less than $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Pruco Re
During 2008, the Company entered into two new reinsurance agreements with an affiliate as part of its risk management and capital management strategies. Effective January 28, 2008, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement with Pruco Re providing for the 100% reinsurance of its HD7 benefit feature sold on certain of its annuities. Effective January 28, 2008, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement with Pruco Re providing for the 100% reinsurance of its HD GRO benefit feature sold on certain of its annuities.
During 2007, the Company amended the reinsurance agreements it entered into in 2005 covering its LT5. The coinsurance agreement entered into with Prudential Insurance in 2005 provided for the 100% reinsurance of its LT5 feature sold on new business prior to May 6, 2005. This agreement was recaptured effective August 1, 2007. Effective July 1, 2005, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement with Pruco Re providing for the 100% reinsurance of its LT5 feature sold on new business after May 5, 2005 as well as for riders issued on or after March 15, 2005 on business in-force before March 15, 2005. This agreement was amended effective August 1, 2007 to include the reinsurance of business sold prior to May 6, 2005 that was previously reinsured to Prudential Insurance.
Taiwan branch reinsurance agreement
On January 31, 2001, the Company transferred all of its assets and liabilities associated with the Company’s Taiwan branch including Taiwan’s insurance book of business to Prudential of Taiwan, a wholly owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial.
The mechanism used to transfer this block of business in Taiwan is referred to as a “full acquisition and assumption” transaction. Under this mechanism, the Company is jointly liable with Prudential of Taiwan for two years from the giving of notice to all obligees for all matured obligations and for two years after the maturity date of not-yet-matured obligations. Prudential of Taiwan is also contractually liable, under indemnification provisions of the transaction, for any liabilities that may be asserted against the Company. The transfer of the insurance related assets and liabilities was accounted for as a long-duration coinsurance transaction under U.S. GAAP accounting principles. Under this accounting treatment, the insurance related liabilities remain on the books of the Company and an offsetting reinsurance recoverable is established. Reinsurance recoverables related to this agreement were $698 million and $650 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Affiliated premiums ceded to Prudential of Taiwan under this agreement were $7 million and $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $56 million and $55 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively. Affiliated benefits ceded were $5 million and $4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively; and $14 million and $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007, respectively.
14
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
5. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
Debt Agreements
The Company has an agreement with Prudential Funding, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Prudential Insurance, which allows the Company to borrow funds for working capital and liquidity needs. The borrowings under this agreement are limited to $600 million. . The Company’s short-term borrowings from an affiliate used to provide short-term working capital decreased $56 million from December 31, 2007 due to repayments. Interest expense related to this debt was less than $1 million for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The related interest was charged at a variable rate ranging from 2.06% to 4.31% for 2008 and 4.81% to 5.86% for 2007.
15
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Fair Value Measurement – Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 – Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Company for identical assets or liabilities. These generally provide the most reliable evidence and are used to measure fair value whenever available. Active markets are defined as having the following for the measured asset/liability: i) many transactions, ii) current prices, iii) price quotes not varying substantially among market makers, iv) narrow bid/ask spreads and v) most information publicly available. The Company’s Level 1 assets and liabilities primarily include certain cash equivalents and short-term investments, equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market. Prices are obtained from readily available sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Fair value is based on significant inputs, other than Level 1 inputs, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities and other observable inputs. The Company’s Level 2 assets and liabilities include: fixed maturities (corporate public and private bonds, most government securities, certain asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, etc.), certain equity securities, short-term investments and cash equivalents (primarily commercial paper), and certain over-the-counter derivatives. Valuations are generally obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets or liabilities (and validated through comparison to internal pricing information and economic indicators as well as backtesting to trade data or other data to confirm that the pricing service’s significant inputs are observable) or determined through the use of valuation methodologies using observable market inputs. Under certain conditions, the Company may conclude the prices received from independent third party pricing services are not reasonable or reflective of market activity. In those instances, the Company may choose to over-ride the pricing information received and apply internally developed values to the related assets or liabilities. In such cases, the valuations are generally classified as Level 3. As of September 30, 2008, such over-rides on a net basis resulted in lower pricing levels being used and in aggregate were not materially different from prices received from the independent pricing services.
Level 3 – Fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. These inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company’s Level 3 assets and liabilities primarily include: certain private fixed maturities and equity securities, certain manually priced public equity securities and fixed maturities (including certain asset-backed securities), certain highly structured over-the-counter derivative contracts, certain commercial loans, certain consolidated real estate funds for which the Company is the general partner, and embedded derivatives resulting from certain products with guaranteed benefits. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques.
16
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
The table below presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of September 30, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Fixed maturities, available for sale | | $ | — | | 4,350,975 | | | 88,511 | | | 4,439,486 | |
Other trading account assets | | | — | | 4,725 | | | 1,155 | | | 5,880 | |
Equity securities, available for sale | | | 175 | | 23,531 | | | 3,138 | | | 26,844 | |
Other long-term investments | | | 3,707 | | (19,486 | ) | | (14,729 | ) | | (30,508 | ) |
Short-term investments | | | 23,354 | | 98,566 | | | — | | | 121,920 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 42,000 | | 320,796 | | | — | | | 362,796 | |
Other assets | | | — | | — | | | 228,684 | | | 228,684 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sub-total excluding separate account assets | | | 69,236 | | 4,779,107 | | | 306,759 | | | 5,155,102 | |
| | | | |
Separate account assets (1) | | | 14,268,180 | | 6,223,448 | | | 183,962 | | | 20,675,590 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 14,337,416 | | 11,002,555 | | | 490,721 | | | 25,830,692 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Future policy benefits | | | — | | — | | | 195,303 | | | 195,303 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | $ | — | | — | | | 195,303 | | | 195,303 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company’s consolidated Statement of Financial Position. |
17
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
The following tables provide a summary of the changes in fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2008, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at September 30, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
| | Fixed Maturities, Available For Sale | | | Equity Securities, Available for Sale | | Other Trading Account Assets | | Other Long- term Investments | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Fair value, beginning of period | | $ | 83,800 | | | $ | 3,099 | | $ | 1,149 | | $ | (7,148 | ) |
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized): | | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Included in earnings: | | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | | (39 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | (7,581 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | | — | | | | — | | | 6 | | | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | | — | | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (3,470 | ) | | | 39 | | | — | | | — | |
Net investment income | | | (91 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements | | | 22,071 | | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) | | | (13,760 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value, end of period | | $ | 88,511 | | | $ | 3,138 | | $ | 1,155 | | $ | (14,729 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains (losses) for the period ending relating to those level 3 assets that were still held by the Company at the end of the period: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | $ | (81 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (7,575 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | $ | 6 | | $ | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | (3,459 | ) | | $ | 39 | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Other Assets | | Separate Account Assets(1) | | | Future Policy Benefits | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Fair value, beginning of period | | $ | 119,041 | | $ | 191,209 | | | $ | (79,025 | ) |
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized): | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Included in earnings: | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | | 104,644 | | | — | | | | (111,262 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | | — | | | (8,766 | ) | | | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Net investment income | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements | | | 4,999 | | | 1,519 | | | | (5,016 | ) |
Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value, end of period | | $ | 228,684 | | $ | 183,962 | | | $ | (195,303 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains (losses) for the period ending relating to those level 3 assets that were still held by the Company at the end of the period: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | $ | 104,960 | | $ | — | | | $ | (111,584 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | $ | — | | $ | (8,779 | ) | | $ | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
18
Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | |
| | Fixed Maturities, Available For Sale | | | Equity Securities, Available for Sale | | | Other Trading Account Assets | | | Other Long- term Investments | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Fair value, beginning of period | | $ | 107,063 | | | $ | 4,703 | | | $ | 1,164 | | | $ | (4,768 | ) |
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized): | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Included in earnings: | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | | (4,794 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | — | | | | (9,961 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | (9 | ) | | | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (9,220 | ) | | | (212 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Net investment income | | | (330 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements | | | 42,821 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) | | | (47,029 | ) | | | (1,351 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value, end of period | | $ | 88,511 | | | $ | 3,138 | | | $ | 1,155 | | | $ | (14,729 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains (losses) for the period relating to those level 3 assets that were still held by the Company at the end of the period: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | $ | (4,927 | ) | | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (9,953 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (9 | ) | | $ | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | (9,185 | ) | | $ | (212 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Other Assets | | Separate Account Assets(1) | | | Future Policy Benefits | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Fair value, beginning of period | | $ | 48,024 | | $ | 172,225 | | | $ | (35,232 | ) |
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized): | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Included in earnings: | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | | 165,406 | | | — | | | | (144,764 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | | — | | | (5,971 | ) | | | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Net investment income | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements | | | 15,254 | | | 17,708 | | | | (15,307 | ) |
Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value, end of period | | $ | 228,684 | | $ | 183,962 | | | $ | (195,303 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains (losses) for the period relating to those level 3 assets that were still held by the Company at the end of the period: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized investment gains (losses), net | | $ | 165,959 | | $ | — | | | $ | (145,320 | ) |
Asset management fees and other income | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Interest credited to policyholder account | | $ | — | | $ | (5,971 | ) | | $ | — | |
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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Pruco Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
(1) | Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company’s consolidated Statement of Financial Position. |
(2) | Transfers into or out of Level 3 are generally reported as the value of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurs. |
Transfers – Transfers out of Level 3 for Fixed Maturities Available for Sale totaled $13.760 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008. This activity was a result of the use of pricing service information that the Company was able to validate in the third quarter of 2008 but was not available in the second quarter of 2008.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Pruco Life Insurance Company meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) on Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this form in reduced disclosure format.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis, or “MD&A,” of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, addresses the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of September 30, 2008, compared with December 31, 2007, and its consolidated results of operations for the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2008 and September 30, 2007. You should read the following analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the “Risk Factors”, the MD&A and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, as well as the Forward-Looking Statements and the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
General
The Company sells interest-sensitive individual life insurance, variable life insurance, term life insurance and individual variable annuities, primarily through Prudential Insurance’s sales force in the United States. These markets are subject to regulatory oversight with particular emphasis placed on company solvency and sales practices. These markets are also subject to increasing competitive pressure, as the legal barriers that have historically segregated the markets of the financial services industry, have been changed. Regulatory changes have opened the insurance industry to competition from other financial institutions, particularly banks and mutual funds that are positioned to deliver competing investment products through large, stable distribution channels. The Company also had marketed individual life insurance through its branch office in Taiwan. All insurance activity of the Taiwan branch has been ceded to an affiliate and the related assets and liabilities continue to be reflected in the Company’s statements of financial position.
Products
Generally, the Company’s universal and variable life products offer the option of investing in separate accounts, segregated funds for which investment risks are borne by the customer, or the Company’s portfolio, referred to as the “general account.”
The Company earns its profits through policy fees charged to separate account annuity and life policyholders and through the interest spread for general account annuity and life products. Policy charges and fee income consist mainly of three types: sales charges or loading fees on new sales, mortality and expense charges, or “M&E”, assessed on fund balances, and mortality and related charges based on total life insurance in force business. Policyholder fund values are affected by net sales (sales less withdrawals), changes in interest rates, and investment returns.
The Company also earns profits from the interest spread earned on general account products. The interest spread represents the difference between the investment income earned by the Company on its investment portfolio and the amount of interest credited to policyholders’ accounts. Products that generate interest spread primarily include general account life insurance products, fixed annuities and the fixed-rate option of variable annuities.
In addition to policy charges and fee income, the Company earns revenues from insurance premiums from term life insurance and asset management fees from separate account fund balances. The Company’s benefits and expenses principally consist of insurance benefits provided, general business expenses, commissions and other costs of selling and servicing the various products the Company sells and interest credited to policyholders’ account balances.
1. | Changes in Financial Position |
September 30, 2008 versus December 31, 2007
Total assets decreased $2.601 billion, from $35.358 billion at December 31, 2007 to $32.757 billion at September 30, 2008, primarily due to a decrease in separate account assets of $3.934 billion, from $24.609 billion at December 31, 2007 to $20.675 billion at September 30, 2008, due to equity market declines in the first nine months of 2008. This decline is partially offset by the items discussed below.
Fixed maturities decreased by $71 million from $4.510 billion at December 31,2007, to $4.439 billion at September 30, 2008. The decline was primarily driven by additional unrealized losses of $210 million partially offset by positive cash flows into fixed maturities.
Commercial loans increased $116 million, from $745 million at December 31, 2007, to $861 million at September 30, 2008 due to continued investing in Commercial loans.
Reinsurance recoverables increased by $455 million from $1.600 billion at December 31, 2007 to $2.055 billion at September 30, 2008, largely as a result of continued growth in the term in-force covered by the PARCC reinsurance agreement and annuity business covered by the Pruco Re agreement (See Note 5 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.)
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Deferred policy acquisition costs “DAC” increased by $329 million from $2.174 billion at December 31, 2007, to $2.503 billion at September 30, 2008. Results for both periods include the impact of an annual review of our estimate of total gross profits used as a basis for amortizing deferred policy acquisition and other costs. Capitalization of acquisition costs increased $356 million due to continued growth of sales in life and annuity products, partially offset by $168 million of amortization. Shadow DAC increased $141 million from lower unrealized losses.
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $389 million, from $93 million at December 31, 2007 to $482 million at September 30, 2008, resulting primarily from positive cash flows during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
During the first nine months of 2008, total liabilities decreased by $2.630 million, from $33.085 billion at December 31, 2007 to $30.455 billion at September 30, 2008, primarily due to a decline in separate account liabilities of $3.934 billion, consistent with the separate account asset decline described above. Policyholder account balances increased $952 million, from $5.077 billion at December 31, 2007 to $6.029 billion at September 30, 2008, primarily due to transfers to our general account due to an automatic rebalancing element in certain of our living benefit annuity features and continued universal life products sales. Future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities increased by $523 million, from $2.175 billion at December 31, 2007 to $2.698 billion at September 30, 2008, primarily due to increases to life reserves as a result of sales and renewals of term products, and increased reserves for the Taiwan business. The Company’s short-term borrowings from an affiliate used to provide short-term working capital decreased $56 million from December 31, 2007 due to repayments. Total securities lending activity decreased by $239 million. The relative amounts of cash collateral for loaned securities and securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased $36 million and decreased $203 million, respectively.
September 2008 to September 2007 Three Month Comparison
Net Income
Consolidated net income decreased by $70 million, from $86 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $16 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. Results for both periods include the impact of an annual review of our estimate of total gross profits used as a basis for amortizing deferred policy acquisition and unearned revenue reserves on our variable and universal life products and deferred policy acquisition costs, and deferred sales inducements and the reserves for guaranteed minimum death and income benefit features of our annuity products. In calculating gross profits, we consider mortality, persistency, and other elements as well as rates of return on investments associated with these contracts, and include profits and losses related to these contracts that are reported in affiliated legal entities other than the Company as a result of, for example, reinsurance agreements with those affiliated entities. The current quarter included a $49 million decline before taxes due to the combination of assumption updates and market performance resulting from this annual review, primarily related to the impact of guaranteed minimum death and income benefit reserves. The prior year quarter reflected a $22 million benefit primarily related to lower benefits expected under guaranteed income benefit features on variable annuity products. Absent the impacts of the annual reviews conducted in the third quarter of both periods, after-tax consolidated net income was $1 million higher than the prior year quarter.
Revenues
Consolidated revenues decreased by $89 million, from $323 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $234 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. Policy charges and fee income, consisting primarily of mortality and expense loading and other insurance charges assessed on general and separate account policyholders’ fund balances, decreased $63 million, from $208 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $145 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The current quarter increased $68 million due to updates in both periods of our assumptions related to the amortization of unearned revenue reserves based on the annual reviews as discussed above. Absent this item, policy charges and fee income increased $5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008 reflecting growth in our universal life insurance in force, offset by lower average separate account assets. Net realized investment losses increased by $25 million, from a $10 million loss for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $35 million loss for the three months ended September 30, 2008, mainly driven by increased realized losses of $14 million related to the change in the value of an embedded derivative associated with a no lapse feature offered on certain universal life business (See Note 5 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements) and net mark-to-market derivative losses in the current quarter 2008. Also contributing were fixed maturity impairments incurred in the current quarter of $7 million. Given current market conditions and liquidity concerns, beginning in the third quarter of 2008, our determinations of whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary resulting in the recognition of a realized loss, have placed greater emphasis on our internal analysis of the underlying credit and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time to allow for a recovery of value, versus the extent and duration of a decline in fair value.
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Net investment income decreased by $2 million, from $96 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $94 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, primarily due to lower invested assets resulting from a dividend payment to Prudential Insurance of $300 million during third quarter of 2007 and the run-off of guaranteed interest contract products or “GICs” in 2007. This was partially offset by continued growth in the portfolio due to cash inflows from operations and reinvestment of net investment income in 2008.
Benefits and Expenses
Total benefits and expenses increased $17 million, from $221 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $238 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Policyholders’ benefit and expenses, including related changes in reserves, increased by $73 million, from $18 million in the three months ended September 30, 2007, to $91 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was mainly driven by the annual review, in both periods, discussed above, due to increased reserves for guaranteed minimum death benefits and income benefits which changed by $66 million. Absent the impacts of the annual reviews conducted in the third quarter of both periods policyholders’ benefit and expenses, including related changes in reserves, increased $7 million primarily due to reserve growth in the term life business resulting from continued sales and in force growth.
General, administrative, and other expenses decreased by $60 million from $151 million in the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $91 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. General, administrative, and other expenses decreased $63 million due to updates in both periods of our assumptions related to the amortization of deferred acquisition and other costs based on annual reviews as discussed above. Absent the impacts of the annual reviews conducted in the third quarter of both periods, general, administrative, and other expenses increased $3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008, primarily driven by new business growth and higher amortization of deferred acquisition costs due to unfavorable separate account fund performance, partially offset by higher reinsurance expense allowances resulting from growth in the term business
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances increased by $4 million, from $52 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $56 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in growth of policyholders’ account balance of life products which increased due to higher policyholder deposits resulting from universal life sales. This was partially offset by the run-off of “GIC” contracts in 2007.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax provision amounted to an income tax benefit of $19 million in the third quarter of 2008 compared to income tax expense of $16 million in the third quarter of 2007. The decline in income tax expense primarily reflects the decline in pre-tax income from continuing operations before income taxes in the third quarter.
September 2008 to September 2007 Nine Month Comparison
Net Income
Consolidated net income decreased $71 million, from $192 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $121 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Results for both periods include the impact of an annual review of our estimate of total gross profits used as a basis for amortizing deferred policy acquisition and other costs and unearned revenue reserves for our variable and universal life products and deferred policy acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and the reserves for guaranteed minimum death and income benefit features of our annuity products. In calculating gross profits, we consider mortality, persistency, and other elements as well as rates of return on investments associated with these contracts, and include profits and losses related to these contracts that are reported in affiliated legal entities other than the Company as a result of, for example, reinsurance agreements with those affiliated entities. The current quarter included a $49 million decline before taxes due to the combination of assumption updates and market performance resulting from this annual review, primarily related to the impact of guaranteed minimum death and income benefit reserves. The prior year quarter reflected a $22 million benefit primarily related to lower benefits expected under guaranteed income benefit features on variable annuity products. Absent the impacts of the annual reviews conducted in the third quarter of both periods, after-tax consolidated net income was relatively unchanged.
Revenues
Consolidated revenues decreased by $91 million, from $871 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $780 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Policy charges and fee income, consisting primarily of mortality and expense loading and other insurance charges assessed on general and separate account policyholders’ fund balances, decreased by $49 million from $520 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, to $471 million for the nine months ended September 30 2008, including $68 million due to updates in both periods of our assumptions related to the amortization of unearned revenue reserves based on the annual reviews as discussed above. Absent this item, policy charges and fee income increased $19 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008, reflecting growth in our universal life insurance in force. Also contributing to the decrease is higher realized losses 2008 and lower net investment in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 described below.
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Realized investment losses increased by $37 million, from $22 million loss for nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $59 million loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, mainly driven by realized losses of $64 million from impairments of fixed maturities and changes in derivative values resulting from lower interest rates and mark-to-market losses on embedded derivatives associated with certain externally managed investments in the European market. Partially offsetting these losses was a gain of $27 million related to the change in the value of an embedded derivative associated with a no lapse feature related to the universal life business (See Note 5 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements). Given current market conditions and liquidity concerns, beginning in the third quarter of 2008, our determinations of whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary resulting in the recognition of a realized loss, have placed greater emphasis on our internal analysis of the underlying credit and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time to allow for a recovery of value, versus the extent and duration of a decline in fair value.
Net investment income decreased by $18 million from $292 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $274 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, primarily due to lower invested assets resulting from a dividend payment to Prudential Insurance of $300 million during third quarter of 2007 and the run off in guaranteed interest contract products in 2007. This was partially offset by continued growth in the portfolio due to cash inflows from operations and reinvestment of net investment income in 2008.
Premiums increased by $7 million, from $45 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, to $52 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, due to increased term life sales, net of reinsurance.
Benefits and Expenses
Total benefits and expenses increased $27 million, from $633 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $660 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Policyholders’ benefit and expenses, including related changes in reserves, increased by $85 million, from $80 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007, to $165 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was mainly driven by the annual review in both periods, discussed above, due to increased reserves for guaranteed minimum death benefits and income benefits which changed by $66 million. Absent the impacts of the annual reviews conducted in the third quarter of both periods policyholders’ benefit and expenses, including related changes in reserves, increased $19 million primarily due to reserve growth in the term life business due to continued sales and in force growth.
General, administrative, and other expenses including amortization of deferred acquisition costs decreased by $58 million from $396 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $338 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. General, administrative, and other expenses decreased $63 million due to updates in both periods of our assumptions related to the amortization of deferred acquisition and other costs based on annual reviews as discussed above. Absent the impacts of the annual reviews conducted in both periods, general, administrative, and other expenses increased $5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008, primarily driven by new business growth and higher amortization of deferred acquisition costs due to unfavorable separate account fund performance, partially offset by higher reinsurance expense allowances resulting from growth in the term business.
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances was relatively unchanged compared to prior period. Lower policyholders’ account balances were primarily due to the run off of guaranteed investment contract, or “GIC,” contracts in 2007, partially offset by growth from life and annuity sales.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax provision amounted to an income tax benefit of $2 million in the first nine months of 2008 compared to income tax expense of $46 million in the first nine months of 2007, representing (2%) of income from continuing operations before income taxes for the first nine months of 2008 and 19% for the first nine months of 2007.
The decline in income tax expense primarily reflects the decline in pre-tax income from continuing operations before income taxes for both the third quarter and the first nine months of 2008.
The dividends received deduction, or DRD, reduces the amount of dividend income subject to U.S. tax and in recent years is the primary component of the difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate of 35%. The DRD for the current period was estimated using information from 2007, current year results, and was adjusted to take into account the current year’s equity market performance. The actual current year DRD can vary from the estimate based on factors such as, but not limited to, changes in the amount of dividends received that are eligible for the DRD, changes in the amount of distributions received from mutual fund investments, changes in the account balances of variable life and annuity contracts, and our taxable income before the DRD.
In August 2007, the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, released Revenue Ruling 2007-54, which included, among other items, guidance on the methodology to be followed in calculating the dividends received deduction related to variable life insurance and annuity contracts. In September 2007, the IRS released Revenue Ruling 2007-61. Revenue Ruling 2007-61 suspends Revenue Ruling 2007-54 and informs taxpayers that the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS
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intend to address through new regulations the issues considered in Revenue Ruling 2007-54, including the methodology to be followed in determining the dividends received deduction related to variable life insurance and annuity contracts. These activities had no impact on our 2007 or 2008 results.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
In order to ensure that the information we must disclose in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis, the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), as of September 30, 2008. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. No change in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to legal and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of our businesses, including class actions. Legal and regulatory actions may include proceedings relating to aspects of the businesses and operations that are specific to us and that are typical of the businesses in which we operate. Class action and individual lawsuits may involve a variety of issues and/or allegations, which include sales practices, underwriting practices, claims payment and procedures, premium charges, policy servicing and breach of fiduciary duties to customers. We are also subject to litigation arising out of our general business activities, such as our investments and third party contracts and could be exposed to claims or litigation concerning business or process patents. In certain of these matters, the plaintiffs may seek large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages.
Our litigation and regulatory matters are subject to many uncertainties, and given their complexity and scope, the outcomes cannot be predicted. It is possible that our results of operations or the cash flow in a particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of pending litigation and regulatory matters, depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flows for such period. Management believes, however, that the ultimate outcome of all pending litigation and regulatory matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position.
The foregoing discussion is limited to recent developments concerning our legal and regulatory proceedings. See Note 2 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional discussion of our litigation and regulatory matters.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the following risks. These risks could materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition, or cause our actual results to differ materially from those expected or those expressed in any forward looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company. These risks are not exclusive, and additional risks to which we are subject include, but are not limited to, the factors mentioned under “Forward-Looking Statements” above and the risks of our businesses described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our 2007 Form 10-K.
Current difficult conditions in the global financial markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and the economy generally, both in the U.S. and elsewhere around the world. The stress experienced by global financial markets that began in the second half of 2007 continued and substantially increased during the third quarter of 2008. The volatility and disruption in the global financial markets have reached unprecedented levels. The availability and cost of credit has been materially affected. These factors, combined with volatile oil prices, depressed home prices and increasing foreclosures, falling equity market values, declining business and consumer confidence and the risks of increased inflation and unemployment, have precipitated an economic slowdown and fears of a severe recession.
The global fixed-income markets are experiencing a period of both extreme volatility and limited market liquidity conditions, which has affected a broad range of asset classes and sectors. As a result, the market for fixed income instruments has experienced decreased liquidity, increased price volatility, credit downgrade events, and increased probability of default. Global equity markets have also been experiencing heightened volatility. These events and the continuing market upheavals have had and may continue to have an adverse effect on us. Our revenues are likely to
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decline in such circumstances, the cost of meeting our obligations to our customers may increase, and our profit margins could erode. In addition, in the event of a prolonged economic downturn, we could incur significant losses in our investment portfolio.
The demand for our products could be adversely affected in an economic downturn characterized by higher unemployment, lower family income, lower consumer spending, lower corporate earnings and lower business investment. We also may experience a higher incidence of claims and lapses or surrenders of policies. Our policyholders may choose to defer or stop paying premiums. We cannot predict whether or when such actions may occur, or what impact, if any, such actions could have on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
In response to the financial crises affecting the banking system and financial markets, on October 3, 2008, President Bush signed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the “EESA”) into law. Pursuant to the EESA, the U.S. Treasury has the authority to, among other things, purchase up to $700 billion of mortgage-backed and other securities from financial institutions for the purpose of stabilizing the financial markets. The U.S. Treasury and the bank regulatory agencies have also announced coordinated programs to invest an aggregate of $250 billion (out of the $700 billion) in capital issued by qualifying U.S. financial institutions and to guarantee senior debt of all FDIC insured institutions and their qualifying holding companies, as well as deposits in non-interest bearing transaction accounts. The capital issuance program involves the issuance by qualifying institutions of preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock to the U.S. Treasury. The U.S. federal government has taken or is considering taking other actions to address the financial crisis that could further impact our business. Prudential Financial is currently evaluating its participation in the asset purchase programs, capital issuance programs and the debt guaranty programs. We cannot predict with any certainty the effect these actions will have on the financial markets or on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Continuing adverse financial market conditions may significantly affect our ability to meet liquidity needs, our access to capital and our cost of capital.
Adverse capital market conditions have affected and may continue to affect the availability and cost of borrowed funds and could impact our ability to refinance existing borrowings, thereby ultimately impacting our profitability and ability to support or grow our businesses. We need liquidity to pay our operating expenses, interest on our debt and replace certain maturing debt obligations. Without sufficient liquidity, we could be forced to curtail certain of our operations, and our business could suffer. The principal sources of our liquidity are annuity considerations and cash flow from our investment portfolio and assets, consisting mainly of cash or assets that are readily convertible into cash. Sources of liquidity in normal markets also may include a variety of short- and long-term instruments, including securities lending and repurchase agreements.
Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the financial markets may limit our access to capital required to operate our business. These market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing debt obligations and access the capital necessary to grow our business, replace capital withdrawn by customers or raise new capital as a result of volatility in the markets. As a result, we may be forced to delay raising capital, bear an unattractive cost of capital or be unable to raise capital at any price, which could decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. Actions we might take to access financing may in turn cause rating agencies to reevaluate our ratings.
In the event current resources do not satisfy our needs, we may have to seek additional financing. The availability of additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to the financial services industry, and our credit ratings and credit capacity. Our internal sources of liquidity may prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all.
The Risk Based Capital, or RBC, ratio is the primary measure by which we evaluate our capital adequacy. We manage our RBC ratio to a level consistent with a AA ratings objective. RBC is determined by statutory formulas that consider risks related to the type and quality of the invested assets, insurance-related risks associated with our products, interest rate risks and general business risks. The RBC ratio calculations are intended to assist insurance regulators in measuring the adequacy of our statutory capitalization. Subsequent to September 30, 2008 market conditions have negatively impacted the level of our capital, and absent a recovery in markets we will need to take capital management actions to maintain capital consistent with these ratings objectives, which may include redeployment of financial resources from internal sources or, if markets continue to decline, require external sources of capital. Certain of these capital management activities may require regulatory approval.
Market fluctuations and general economic, market and political conditions may adversely affect our business and profitability.
Even under relatively more favorable market conditions (such as those prevailing before the second half of 2007), our insurance and annuity products as well as our investment returns and our access to and cost of financing, are sensitive
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to fixed income, equity, real estate and other market fluctuations and general economic, market and political conditions. These fluctuations and conditions could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and liquidity, including in the following respects:
| • | | The profitability of many of our insurance products depends in part on the value of the separate accounts supporting these products, which may fluctuate substantially depending on the foregoing conditions. |
| • | | Market conditions resulting in reductions in the value of assets managed through our affiliated underlying mutual funds would have an adverse effect on our revenues and profitability, which depend on fees related primarily to the value of assets under management. |
| • | | A change in market conditions, including prolonged periods of high inflation, could cause a change in consumer sentiment adversely affecting sales and persistency of our products. Similarly, changing economic conditions can influence customer behavior including but not limited to increasing claims. |
| • | | Lapses of annuity products may increase if a market downturn, increased market volatility or other market conditions result in customers becoming dissatisfied with their products. |
| • | | A market decline could result in guaranteed minimum benefits contained in many of our variable annuity products being higher than current account values or our pricing assumptions would support, requiring us to materially increase reserves for such products and may cause customers to retain contracts in force in order to benefit from the guarantees, thereby increasing their cost to us. |
| • | | Market conditions beyond our control determine the availability and cost of the reinsurance protection we purchase. Accordingly, we may be forced to incur additional expenses for reinsurance or may not be able to obtain sufficient reinsurance on acceptable terms which could adversely affect the profitability of future business or our willingness to write future business. |
| • | | Hedging instruments we hold to manage product and other risks might not perform as intended or expected resulting in higher realized losses and unforeseen cash needs. Market conditions can also increase the cost of executing product related hedges and such costs may not be recovered in the pricing of the underlying products being hedged. Our hedging strategies rely on the performance of counterparties to such hedges. These counterparties may fail to perform for various reasons resulting in hedge ineffectiveness and higher losses. |
| • | | We have significant investment and derivative portfolios. Adverse capital market conditions, including but not limited to a lack of buyers in the marketplace, volatility, credit spread changes, and benchmark interest rate changes, will impact the liquidity and value of our investments and derivatives, potentially resulting in higher realized or unrealized losses. For example, a widening of credit spreads, such as the market has experienced recently, increases the net unrealized loss position of our investment portfolio and may ultimately result in increased realized losses. Values of our investments and derivatives can also be impacted by reductions in price transparency, changes in assumptions or inputs we use in estimating fair value and changes in investor confidence and preferences, potentially resulting in higher realized or unrealized losses. Volatility can make it difficult to value certain of our securities if trading becomes less frequent. As such, valuations may include assumptions or estimates that may have significant period to period changes which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition. |
| • | | Regardless of market conditions, certain investments we hold, including private bonds and commercial mortgages, are relatively illiquid. If we needed to sell these investments, we may have difficulty doing so in a timely manner at a price that we could otherwise realize. |
| • | | Market conditions could also impact our ability to fund foreseen and unforeseen cash and collateral requirements, potentially inhibiting our ability to perform under our counterparty obligations, support business initiatives and increasing realized losses. |
As described above, the adverse market and economic conditions that began in the second half of 2007 have continued and substantially worsened during the third quarter of 2008. The foregoing risks are even more pronounced in these unprecedented market and economic conditions.
Interest rate fluctuations could adversely affect our businesses and profitability.
Our insurance products may be sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, and changes in interest rates could adversely affect our investment returns and results of operations, including in the following respects:
| • | | Some of our products expose us to the risk that changes in interest rates will reduce the spread between the amounts that we are required to pay under the contracts and the rate of return we are able to earn on our general account investments supporting the contracts. When interest rates decline, we have to reinvest the cash income from our investments in lower |
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| yielding instruments. Since many of our policies and contracts have guaranteed minimum interest or crediting rates or limit the resetting of interest rates, the spreads could decrease and potentially become negative. When interest rates rise, we may not be able to replace the assets in our general account with the higher yielding assets needed to fund the higher crediting rates necessary to keep these products competitive. This risk is heightened in the current market and economic environment, in which many desired securities are unavailable. |
| • | | Changes in interest rates may reduce net investment income and thus our spread income which is a portion of our profitability. A decline in market interest rates could also reduce our returns from investment of equity. |
| • | | When interest rates rise, surrenders of annuity contracts may increase as policyholders seek to buy products with perceived higher returns, requiring us to sell investment assets potentially resulting in realized investment losses, or requiring us to accelerate the amortization of DAC (defined below). |
| • | | A decline in interest rates accompanied by unexpected prepayments of certain investments could result in reduced investment income upon reinvestment and a decline in our profitability. An increase in interest rates accompanied by unexpected extensions of certain lower yielding investments could result in a decline in our profitability. |
| • | | Changes in the relationship between long-term and short-term interest rates could adversely affect the profitability of some of our products. |
| • | | Changes in interest rates could increase our costs of financing. |
| • | | Our mitigation efforts with respect to interest rate risk are primarily focused on maintaining an investment portfolio with diversified maturities that has a weighted average duration that is approximately equal to the duration of our estimated liability cash flow profile. However, there are practical and capital market limitations on our ability to accomplish this and our estimate of the liability cash flow profile may be inaccurate. Due to these and other factors we may need to liquidate investments prior to maturity at a loss in order to satisfy liabilities or be forced to reinvest funds in a lower rate environment. Although we take measures to manage the economic risks of investing in a changing interest rate environment, we may not be able to effectively mitigate the interest rate risk of our assets relative to our liabilities. |
If our reserves for future policyholder benefits and claims are inadequate, we may be required to increase our reserves, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We establish and carry reserves to pay future policyholder benefits and claims. Our reserves do not represent an exact calculation of liability, but rather are actuarial or statistical estimates based on models that include many assumptions and projections which are inherently uncertain and involve the exercise of significant judgment, including as to the levels of and/or timing of receipt or payment of premiums, benefits, claims, expenses, interest credits, investment results (including equity market returns), retirement, mortality, morbidity and persistency. We cannot determine with precision the ultimate amounts that we will pay for, or the timing of payment of, actual benefits, claims and expenses or whether the assets supporting our policy liabilities, together with future premiums, will be sufficient for payment of benefits and claims. If we conclude that our reserves are insufficient to cover future policy benefits and claims, we would be required to increase our reserves and incur income statement charges for the period in which we make the determination, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
For certain of our products, market performance impacts the level of statutory reserves and statutory capital we are required to hold, and may have an adverse effect on returns on capital associated with these products. Capacity for reserve funding structures available in the marketplace is currently limited as a result of market conditions generally. Our ability to efficiently manage capital and economic reserve levels may be impacted, thereby impacting profitability and return on capital.
Our profitability may decline if mortality rates, morbidity rates or persistency rates differ significantly from our pricing expectations.
We set prices for many of our insurance and annuity products based upon expected claims and payment patterns, using assumptions for mortality rates, or likelihood of death, and morbidity rates, or likelihood of sickness, of our policyholders. In addition to the potential effect of natural or man-made disasters, significant changes in mortality or morbidity could emerge gradually over time, due to changes in the natural environment, the health habits of the insured population, treatment patterns for disease or disability, the economic environment, or other factors. Pricing of our insurance and deferred annuity products are also based in part upon expected persistency of these products, which is the probability that a policy or contract will remain in force from one period to the next. Results may also vary based on differences between actual and expected premium deposits and withdrawals for these products. The development of a secondary market for life insurance, including life settlements or “viaticals” and investor owned life insurance, could adversely affect the profitability of existing business and our pricing assumptions for new business. Significant deviations in actual experience from our pricing assumptions could have an adverse effect on the profitability of our products. Although some of our products permit us to increase premiums or adjust other charges and credits during the life of the policy or contract, the adjustments permitted under the terms of the policies or contracts may not be sufficient to maintain profitability. Many of our products do not permit us to increase premiums or adjust other charges and credits or limit those adjustments during the life of the policy or contract.
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We may be required to accelerate the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, or DAC, or recognize impairment in the value of certain investments, which could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
Deferred policy acquisition costs, or DAC, represent the costs that vary with and are related primarily to the acquisition of new and renewal insurance and annuity contracts, and we amortize these costs over the expected lives of the contracts. Management, on an ongoing basis, tests DAC recorded on our balance sheet to determine if these amounts are recoverable under current assumptions. In addition, we regularly review the estimates and assumptions underlying DAC for those products for which we amortize DAC in proportion to gross profits or gross margins. Given changes in facts and circumstances, these tests and reviews could lead to reductions in DAC that could have an adverse effect on the results of our operations and our financial condition. Significant or sustained equity market declines as well as investment losses could result in an acceleration of amortization of the DAC related to variable annuity and variable universal life contracts, resulting in a charge to income.
Our valuation of fixed maturity, equity and trading securities may include methodologies, estimations and assumptions that are subject to differing interpretations and could result in changes to investment valuations that may materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
During periods of market disruption, such as the unprecedented current market conditions, it may be difficult to value certain of our securities, such as sub-prime mortgage backed securities, if trading becomes less frequent and/or market data becomes less observable. There may be certain asset classes that were in active markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the current financial environment or market conditions. As a result, valuations may include inputs and assumptions that are less observable or require greater estimation and judgment as well as valuation methods which are more complex. These values may not be ultimately realizable in a market transaction, and such values may change very rapidly as market conditions change and valuation assumptions are modified. Decreases in value may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
The decision on whether to record an other-than-temporary impairment or write-down is determined in part by management’s assessment of the financial condition and prospects of a particular issuer, projections of future cash flows and recoverability of the particular security as well as an evaluation of the Company’s ability and intent to hold the securities to recovery. Given current market conditions and liquidity concerns, beginning in the third quarter of 2008, our determinations of whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary have placed greater emphasis on our analysis of the underlying credit and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time to allow for a recovery of value, versus the extent and duration of a decline in value. Management’s conclusions on such assessments may ultimately prove to be incorrect as facts and circumstances change.
A downgrade or potential downgrade in our claims-paying or credit ratings could limit our ability to market products, increase the number or value of policies being surrendered, increase our borrowing costs and/or hurt our relationships with creditors or trading counterparties.
Claims-paying ratings, which are sometimes referred to as “financial strength” ratings, represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding the financial ability of an insurance company to meet its obligations under an insurance policy, and are important factors affecting public confidence in an insurer and its competitive position in marketing products. Credit ratings represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding an entity’s ability to repay its indebtedness. A downgrade in our claims-paying or credit ratings could limit our ability to market products, reduce our competitiveness, increase the number or value of policies being surrendered, increase our borrowing costs, adversely affect the availability of financial guarantees, such as letters of credit, cause additional collateral requirements under certain agreements (including our securities lending agreements), and/or hurt our relationships with creditors or trading counterparties.
On September 18, September 29, October 2 and October 10, 2008, A.M. Best Company, Inc., Fitch Ratings Ltd., Moody’s Investors Service, and Standard & Poor’s, respectively, each revised its outlook for the U.S. life insurance sector to negative from stable, citing, among other things, the significant deterioration and volatility in the credit and equity markets, economic and political uncertainty, and the expected impact of realized and unrealized investment losses on life insurers’ capital levels and profitability.
In view of the difficulties experienced recently by many financial institutions, we believe that the rating agencies may heighten the level of scrutiny that they apply to such institutions, may increase the frequency and scope of their credit reviews, may request additional information from the companies that they rate, and may adjust upward the capital and other requirements employed in the rating agency models for maintenance of certain ratings levels, such as the AA (Standard & Poor’s) and Aa2 (Moody’s Investors Service) insurer financial strength ratings currently held by the Company. The outcome of such a review may have adverse ratings consequences, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operation and financial condition.
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We cannot predict what actions rating agencies may take, or what actions we may take in response to the actions of rating agencies, which could adversely affect our business. As with other companies in the financial services industry, our ratings could be downgraded at any time and without notice by any rating agency.
Ratings downgrades and changes in credit spreads may require us to post collateral, thereby affecting our liquidity, and we may be unable to effectively implement certain capital management activities as a result, or for other reasons.
A downgrade in our credit or financial strength ratings could result in additional collateral requirements or other required payments under certain agreements, which are eligible to be satisfied in cash or by posting securities. A ratings downgrade of three ratings levels would result in estimated collateral posting requirements or payments under such agreements
Losses due to defaults by others, including issuers of investment securities or reinsurance, bond insurers and derivative instrument counterparties, or a downgrade in the ratings of bond insurers, could adversely affect the value of our investments or reduce our profitability.
Issuers and borrowers whose securities or loans we hold, customers, trading counterparties, counterparties under swaps and other derivative contracts, reinsurers, clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses and other financial intermediaries and guarantors, including bond insurers, may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, insolvency, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational failure, fraud or other reasons. Such defaults, instances of which have occurred in recent months, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, we use derivative instruments to hedge various risks, including certain guaranteed minimum benefits contained in many of our variable annuity products. We enter into a variety of derivative instruments, including options, forwards, interest rate, credit default and currency swaps with a number of counterparties. Our obligations under our variable annuity products are not changed by our hedging activities and we are liable for our obligations even if our derivative counterparties do not pay us. This is a more pronounced risk to us in view of the recent stresses suffered by financial institutions. Such defaults could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Intense competition could adversely affect our ability to maintain or increase our market share or profitability.
In each of our businesses we face intense competition, both for the ultimate customers for our products and, in many businesses, for distribution through non-affiliated distribution channels. We compete based on a number of factors including brand recognition, reputation, quality of service, quality of investment advice, investment performance of our products, product features, scope of distribution and distribution arrangements, price, perceived financial strength and claims-paying and credit ratings. A decline in our competitive position as to one or more of these factors could adversely affect our profitability and assets under management. Many of our competitors are large and well capitalized and some have greater market share or breadth of distribution, offer a broader range of products, services or features, assume a greater level of risk, have lower profitability expectations or have higher claims-paying or credit ratings than we do. We could be subject to claims by competitors that our products infringe their patents, which could adversely affect our sales, profitability and financial position. The proliferation and growth of non-affiliated distribution channels puts pressure on our captive sales channels to increase their productivity and reduce their costs in order to remain competitive, and we run the risk that the marketplace will make a more significant or rapid shift to non-affiliated or direct distribution alternatives than we anticipate or are able to achieve ourselves, potentially adversely affecting our market share and results of operations. Competition for personnel in all of our business is intense, .. The loss of personnel could have an adverse effect on our business and profitability.
Changes in U.S. federal income tax law or in the income tax laws of other jurisdictions in which we operate could make some of our products less attractive to consumers and increase our tax costs.
Current U.S. federal income tax laws generally permit certain holders to defer taxation on the build-up of value of annuities and life insurance products until payments are actually made to the policyholder or other beneficiary and to exclude from taxation the death benefit paid under a life insurance contract. Congress from time to time considers legislation that could make our products less attractive to consumers, including legislation that would reduce or eliminate the benefit of this deferral on some annuities and insurance products, as well as other types of changes that could reduce or eliminate the attractiveness of annuities and life insurance products to consumers, such as repeal of the estate tax.
For example, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 generally provide for lower income tax, capital gains and dividend tax rates that had the effect of reducing the benefits of tax deferral on the build-up of value of annuities and life insurance products. Continuation of these reduced rates, which are due to sunset by 2011, may hinder our sales and result in the increased surrender of insurance and annuity products.
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Congress, as well as state and local governments, also considers from time to time legislation that could increase the amount of corporate taxes we pay. For example, changes in the law relating to tax reserving methodologies for term life or universal life insurance policies with secondary guarantees could result in higher corporate taxes. If such legislation is adopted our consolidated net income could decline.
The U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service are addressing the methodology to be followed in determining the dividends received deduction related to variable life insurance and annuity contracts. The dividends received deduction reduces the amount of dividend income subject to tax and is a significant component of the difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate of 35%. A change in the dividends received deduction, including the possible elimination of this deduction through regulations or legislation, could reduce our consolidated net income.
The products we sell have different tax characteristics, in some cases generating tax deductions. Certain of our products are significantly dependent on these characteristics and the Company’s ability to continue to generate taxable income, which are taken into consideration when pricing products and are a component of our capital management strategies. Accordingly, a change in tax law, or other factors impacting the availability of the tax characteristics generated by our products, could impact product pricing and returns.
Our businesses are heavily regulated and changes in regulation may reduce our profitability.
Our business is subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision. The purpose of this regulation is primarily to protect our customers. Many of the laws and regulations to which we are subject are regularly re-examined, and existing or future laws and regulations may become more restrictive or otherwise adversely affect our operations. This is particularly the case under current market conditions.
We are subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC relating to public reporting and disclosure, accounting and financial reporting, and corporate governance matters. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules and regulations adopted in furtherance of that Act have substantially increased the requirements in these and other areas for us.
Many insurance regulatory and other governmental or self-regulatory bodies have the authority to review our products and business practices and those of our agents and employees and to bring regulatory or other legal actions against us if, in their view, our practices, or those of our agents or employees, are improper. These actions can result in substantial fines, penalties or prohibitions or restrictions on our business activities and could adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations or financial condition. For a discussion of material pending litigation and regulatory matters, see “Contingent Liabilities and Litigation and Regulatory Matters” in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Insurance regulators, as well as industry participants, have also begun to consider potentially significant changes in the way in which statutory reserves and statutory capital are determined, particularly for products with embedded options and guarantees. New regulatory capital requirements have already gone into effect for variable annuity products. The timing of, and extent of, such changes to the statutory reporting framework are uncertain; however, the result could be increases to statutory reserves and capital, and an adverse effect on our products, sales and operating costs.
In view of recent events involving certain financial institutions, it is possible that the U.S. federal government will heighten its oversight of companies in the financial services industry such as us, including possibly through a federal system of insurance regulation. We cannot predict whether this or other proposals will be adopted, or what impact, if any, such proposals or, if enacted, such laws, could have on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is time consuming and personnel-intensive, and changes in these laws and regulations may materially increase our direct and indirect compliance and other expenses of doing business, thus having a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Legal and regulatory actions are inherent in our businesses and could adversely affect our results of operations or financial position or harm our businesses or reputation.
We are, and in the future may be, subject to legal and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of our businesses. Some of these proceedings have been brought on behalf of various alleged classes of complainants. In certain of these matters, the plaintiffs are seeking large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages. Substantial legal liability in these or future legal or regulatory actions could have an adverse affect on us or cause us reputational harm, which in turn could harm our business prospects.
Material pending litigation and regulatory matters affecting us, and certain risks to our businesses presented by such matters, are discussed under “Contingent Liabilities and Litigation and Regulatory Matters” in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our litigation and regulatory
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matters are subject to many uncertainties, and given their complexity and scope, their outcome cannot be predicted. Our reserves for litigation and regulatory matters may prove to be inadequate. It is possible that our results of operations or cash flow in a particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of pending litigation and regulatory matters depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flow for such period. In light of the unpredictability of the Company’s litigation and regulatory matters, it is also possible that in certain cases an ultimate unfavorable resolution of one or more pending litigation or regulatory matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.
The occurrence of natural or man-made disasters could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The occurrence of natural disasters, including hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, fires, explosions, pandemic disease and man-made disasters, including acts of terrorism and military actions, could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition, including in the following respects:
| • | | Catastrophic loss of life due to natural or man-made disasters could cause us to pay benefits at higher levels and/or materially earlier than anticipated and could lead to unexpected changes in persistency rates. |
| • | | A natural or man-made disaster could result in losses in our investment portfolio or the failure of our counterparties to perform, or cause significant volatility in global financial markets. |
| • | | A terrorist attack affecting financial institutions in the United States or elsewhere could negatively impact the financial services industry in general and our business operations, investment portfolio and profitability in particular. As previously reported, in August 2004, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security identified our Newark, New Jersey facilities, along with those of several other financial institutions in New York and Washington, D.C., as possible targets of a terrorist attack. |
| • | | Pandemic disease, caused by a virus such as H5N1 (the “Avian flu” virus), could have a severe adverse effect on our business. The potential impact of such a pandemic on our results of operations and financial position is highly speculative, and would depend on numerous factors, including: the probability of the virus mutating to a form that can be passed from human to human; the rate of contagion if and when that occurs; the regions of the world most affected; the effectiveness of treatment for the infected population; the rates of mortality and morbidity among various segments of the insured versus the uninsured population; the collectibility of reinsurance; the possible macroeconomic effects of a pandemic on the Company’s asset portfolio; the effect on lapses and surrenders of existing policies, as well as sales of new policies; and many other variables. |
There can be no assurance that our business continuation plans and insurance coverages would be effective in mitigating any negative effects on our operations or profitability in the event of a terrorist attack or other disaster.
Our risk management policies and procedures may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could adversely affect our businesses or result in losses.
Our policies and procedures to monitor and manage risks, including hedging programs that utilize derivative financial instruments, may not be fully effective and may leave us exposed to unidentified and unanticipated risks. The Company uses models in its hedging programs and many other aspects of its operations, including but not limited to the estimation of actuarial reserves, the amortization of deferred acquisition costs and the value of business acquired, and the valuation of certain other assets and liabilities. These models rely on assumptions and projections that are inherently uncertain. Management of operational, legal and regulatory risks requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of transactions and events, and these policies and procedures may not be fully effective. Past or future misconduct by our employees or employees of our vendors could result in violations of law by us, regulatory sanctions and/or serious reputational or financial harm and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. A failure of our computer systems or a compromise of their security could also subject us to regulatory sanctions or other claims, harm our reputation, interrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
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Item 6. Exhibits
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31.1 | | Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer. |
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31.2 | | Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer. |
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32.1 | | Section 906 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer. |
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32.2 | | Section 906 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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Pruco Life Insurance Company |
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By: | | /s/ Tucker I. Marr |
| | Tucker I. Marr |
| | Chief Accounting Officer |
| | (Authorized Signatory and Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) |
Date: November 10, 2008
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Exhibit Index
Exhibit Number and Description
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31.1 | | Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer. |
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31.2 | | Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer. |
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32.1 | | Section 906 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer. |
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32.2 | | Section 906 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer. |