Retirement Plans and Postretirement Medical Benefits | Retirement Plans and Postretirement Medical Benefits Retirement Plans We provide retirement benefits to eligible employees in the U.S. and outside the U.S. under various defined benefit retirement plans. Benefit accruals under most of our defined benefit plans have been frozen. The benefit obligations and funded status of defined benefit pension plans are as follows: United States Foreign 2023 2022 2023 2022 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 1,205,108 $ 1,205,135 $ 488,531 $ 447,401 Projected benefit obligation Benefit obligation - beginning of year $ 1,205,183 $ 1,609,508 $ 451,337 $ 770,468 Service cost 44 55 766 1,214 Interest cost 63,533 44,348 21,238 13,568 Net actuarial loss (gain) 36,882 (349,261) 22,984 (242,488) Foreign currency changes — — 19,854 (68,519) Settlements (2,892) (1,574) (213) — Benefits paid (97,610) (97,893) (23,199) (22,906) Benefit obligation - end of year $ 1,205,140 $ 1,205,183 $ 492,767 $ 451,337 Fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets - beginning of year $ 1,161,361 $ 1,549,157 $ 438,403 $ 737,443 Actual return on plan assets 86,044 (293,968) 17,057 (218,325) Company contributions 6,587 5,639 16,034 8,731 Settlements (2,892) (1,574) (213) — Foreign currency changes — — 18,605 (66,540) Benefits paid (97,610) (97,893) (23,199) (22,906) Fair value of plan assets - end of year $ 1,153,490 $ 1,161,361 $ 466,687 $ 438,403 Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Noncurrent asset $ — $ — $ 27,805 $ 26,570 Current liability (5,057) (7,294) (1,694) (1,351) Noncurrent liability (46,593) (36,528) (52,191) (38,153) Funded status $ (51,650) $ (43,822) $ (26,080) $ (12,934) Information provided in the table below is only for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets: United States Foreign 2023 2022 2023 2022 Projected benefit obligation $ 1,205,141 $ 1,205,183 $ 396,690 $ 38,238 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 1,205,108 $ 1,205,135 $ 392,586 $ 37,972 Fair value of plan assets $ 1,153,490 $ 1,161,361 $ 342,805 $ — Pretax amounts recognized in AOCI consist of: United States Foreign 2023 2022 2023 2022 Net actuarial loss $ 717,530 $ 698,815 $ 331,536 $ 297,753 Prior service (credit) cost (85) (105) 7,266 7,552 Transition asset — — (7) (7) Total $ 717,445 $ 698,710 $ 338,795 $ 305,298 The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for defined benefit pension plans were as follows: United States Foreign 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Service cost $ 44 $ 55 $ 102 $ 766 $ 1,214 $ 1,528 Interest cost 63,533 44,348 42,434 21,238 13,568 11,811 Expected return on plan assets (86,008) (71,080) (77,119) (29,899) (26,770) (31,869) Amortization of prior service (credit) cost (20) (44) (60) 286 252 268 Amortization of net actuarial loss 17,362 33,164 38,233 2,068 6,767 9,350 Settlements 771 394 551 (25) — — Net periodic benefit (income) cost $ (4,318) $ 6,837 $ 4,141 $ (5,566) $ (4,969) $ (8,912) Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations for defined benefit pension plans recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows: United States Foreign 2023 2022 2023 2022 Net actuarial loss $ 36,846 $ 15,788 $ 35,826 $ 2,607 Amortization of net actuarial loss (17,362) (33,164) (2,068) (6,767) Amortization of prior service credit (cost) 20 44 (286) (252) Settlements (771) (394) 25 — Total recognized in other comprehensive income $ 18,733 $ (17,726) $ 33,497 $ (4,412) Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine year end benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for defined benefit pension plans include: 2023 2022 2021 United States Used to determine benefit obligations Discount rate 5.15% 5.55% 2.85% Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A N/A Used to determine net periodic benefit cost Discount rate 5.55% 2.85% 2.54% Expected return on plan assets 6.50% 5.10% 5.60% Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A N/A Foreign Used to determine benefit obligations Discount rate 1.95 % - 4.60% 1.95 % - 5.10% 0.85 % - 2.85% Rate of compensation increase 2.00 % - 3.50% 2.00 % - 3.00% 1.50 % - 3.65% Used to determine net periodic benefit cost Discount rate 1.95 % - 5.10% 0.85 % - 2.85% 0.70 % - 2.40% Expected return on plan assets 2.75 % - 5.26% 3.75 % - 5.75% 3.50 % - 5.75% Rate of compensation increase 2.00 % - 3.60% 1.50 % - 2.50% 1.50 % - 2.50% A discount rate is used to determine the present value of our future benefit obligations. The discount rate for our U.S. pension plans is determined by matching the expected cash flows associated with our benefit obligations to a pool of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the measurement date. The discount rate for our largest foreign plan, the U.K. Qualified Pension Plan (the U.K. Plan), is determined using a model that discounts each year's estimated benefit payments by an applicable spot rate derived from a yield curve created from a large number of high quality corporate bonds. For our other smaller foreign pension plans, the discount rate is selected based on high-quality fixed income indices available in the country in which the plan is domiciled. The expected return on plan assets is based on the target asset allocation for the applicable pension plan and expected rates of return for various asset classes in the investment portfolio after analyzing historical experience, future expectations of returns and volatility of asset classes. Investment Strategy and Asset Allocation The investment strategy for our pension plans is to maximize returns within reasonable and prudent risk levels, achieve and maintain full funding of the accumulated benefit obligation and the actuarial liabilities and earn the expected rate of return while adhering to regulations and restrictions. Pension plan assets are invested in accordance with our strategic asset allocation policy. Pension plan assets are exposed to various risks, including interest rate risks, market risks and credit risks. Investments are diversified across asset classes and within each class to reduce the risk of large losses and are periodically rebalanced. Derivatives, such as swaps, options, forwards and futures contracts may be used for market exposure, to alter risk/return characteristics and to manage foreign currency exposure. We do not have any significant concentrations of credit risk within the plan assets. U.S. Pension Plans Investment objectives and investment managers are reviewed periodically. Target and actual asset allocations for the U.S. pension plans were as follows: Target allocation Percent of Plan Assets at December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Asset category Equities 16 % 15 % 15 % Multi-asset credit 2 % 2 % 2 % Fixed income 76 % 76 % 74 % Real estate 5 % 6 % 8 % Private equity 1 % 1 % 1 % Total 100 % 100 % 100 % Foreign Pension Plans Our foreign pension plan assets are managed by outside investment managers and monitored regularly by local trustees and our corporate personnel. Target and actual asset allocations for the U.K. Plan, which comprises 74% of the total foreign pension plan assets, were as follows: Target Allocation Percent of Plan Assets at December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Asset category Global equities 10 % 8 % 8 % Fixed income 70 % 69 % 70 % Multi-asset credit 10 % 8 % — % Real estate 10 % 13 % 13 % Diversified growth — % — % 8 % Cash — % 2 % 1 % Total 100 % 100 % 100 % Fair Value Measurements of Plan Assets The following tables show the U.S. and foreign pension plans' assets, by level within the fair value hierarchy. The plan asset categories presented in the following tables are subsets of the broader asset allocation categories. United States Pension Plans December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Money market funds $ — $ 13,842 $ — $ 13,842 Equity securities — 102,795 — 102,795 Commingled fixed income securities — 220,041 — 220,041 Government and related securities 170,540 28,518 — 199,058 Corporate debt securities — 545,615 — 545,615 Mortgage-backed /asset-backed securities — 49,300 — 49,300 Real estate — — 67,256 67,256 Securities lending collateral — 104,630 — 104,630 Total plan assets at fair value $ 170,540 $ 1,064,741 $ 67,256 $ 1,302,537 Securities lending payable (104,630) Investments valued at NAV 5,615 Cash 1,240 Other (51,272) Fair value of plan assets $ 1,153,490 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Money market funds $ — $ 10,623 $ — $ 10,623 Equity securities — 137,505 — 137,505 Commingled fixed income securities — 220,281 — 220,281 Government and related securities 114,084 21,479 — 135,563 Corporate debt securities — 527,407 — 527,407 Mortgage-backed /asset-backed securities — 26,450 — 26,450 Real estate — — 91,500 91,500 Securities lending collateral — 113,802 — 113,802 Total plan assets at fair value $ 114,084 $ 1,057,547 $ 91,500 $ 1,263,131 Securities lending payable (113,802) Investments valued at NAV 10,416 Cash 3,525 Other (1,909) Fair value of plan assets $ 1,161,361 Foreign Plans December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Money market funds $ — $ 5,997 $ — $ 5,997 Equity securities — 44,088 — 44,088 Commingled fixed income securities — 295,105 — 295,105 Government and related securities — 38,028 — 38,028 Corporate debt securities — 28,389 — 28,389 Real estate — 4,869 43,205 48,074 Diversified growth funds — — — — Total plan assets at fair value $ — $ 416,476 $ 43,205 $ 459,681 Cash 6,501 Other 505 Fair value of plan assets $ 466,687 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Money market funds $ — $ 8,338 $ — $ 8,338 Equity securities — 42,717 — 42,717 Commingled fixed income securities — 247,337 — 247,337 Government and related securities — 35,887 — 35,887 Corporate debt securities — 26,336 — 26,336 Real estate — 4,446 42,980 47,426 Diversified growth funds — — 24,394 24,394 Total plan assets at fair value $ — $ 365,061 $ 67,374 $ 432,435 Cash 5,485 Other 483 Fair value of plan assets $ 438,403 The following information relates to our classification of investments into the fair value hierarchy: • Money Market Funds: Money market funds typically invest in government securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other highly liquid, low risk securities. Money market funds are principally used for overnight deposits and are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange. • Equity Securities: Equity securities are comprised of mutual funds and collective trust funds investing in U.S. and foreign stocks. These mutual funds are classified as Level 2. • Commingled Fixed Income Securities: Commingled fixed income securities are comprised of mutual funds that invest in a variety of fixed income securities, including securities of the U.S. government and its agencies, corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. Fair value is based on the value of the underlying investments owned by each fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, as reported by the fund manager. These mutual funds are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange. • Government and Related Securities: Debt securities are classified as Level 1 where active, high-volume trades for identical securities exist. Valuation adjustments are not applied to these securities. Debt securities are classified as Level 2 where fair value is determined using quoted market prices for similar securities or benchmarking model derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for identical or comparable securities. • Corporate Debt Securities: Corporate debt securities are valued using recently executed comparable transactions, market price quotations or bond spreads for the same maturity as the security. These securities are classified as Level 2. • Mortgage-Backed Securities / Asset-Backed Securities: These securities are valued based on external pricing indices or on external price/spread data. These securities are classified as Level 2. • Real Estate: include units in open-ended commingled real estate funds. Funds that are valued and traded on a daily basis in an active market are classified as Level 2. Investments that are valued on an annual basis by certified appraisers are classified as Level 3. The valuation techniques used to value Level 3 investments include the cost approach, sales-comparison method and the income approach. • Diversified Growth Funds: comprised of units in commingled diversified growth funds that comprise a mix of different asset classes. The underlying investments may not be listed on an exchange in an active market or traded on a daily basis and may fall into all three fair value categories. Accordingly, these securities are classified as Level 3. • Securities Lending Fund: represents a commingled fund through our custodian's securities lending program. The U.S. pension plan lends securities that are held within the plan to other banks and/or brokers, and receives collateral, typically cash. This collateral is invested in a commingled fund that invests in short-term fixed income securities. This investment is classified as Level 2. This amount invested in the fund is offset by a corresponding liability reflected in the U.S. pension plan's net assets available for benefits. Investments Valued at Net Asset Value Represents investments in private equity limited partnerships that are measured at fair value using the Net Asset Value (NAV) per share as a practical expedient and are not categorized in the fair value hierarchy. There is no active market for these investments and the pension plan receives a proportionate share of the gains, losses and expenses in accordance with the partnership agreements. There was a remaining unfunded commitment of $6 million at both December 31, 2023 and 2022. These investments comprise approximately 1% of total U.S. Pension Fund assets at both December 31, 2023 and 2022. Level 3 Gains and Losses The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets: U.S. Plans Foreign Plans Real estate Real estate Diversified Growth Funds Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 77,494 $ 52,491 $ 52,169 Realized gains 1,058 — — Unrealized gains (losses) 12,666 (6,741) (5,933) Net purchases, sales and settlements 282 1,729 (16,474) Foreign currency and other — (4,499) (5,368) Balance at December 31, 2022 91,500 42,980 24,394 Realized gains 4,505 — — Unrealized losses (18,386) (3,951) (3,133) Net purchases, sales and settlements (10,363) 2,014 (22,396) Foreign currency and other — 2,162 1,135 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 67,256 $ 43,205 $ — Postretirement Medical Benefits We provide certain employer subsidized health care and employer provided life insurance benefits in the U.S. and Canada to eligible retirees and their dependents. The cost of these benefits is recognized over the period the employee provides credited service to the company. The benefit obligation and funded status for postretirement medical benefit plans are as follows: 2023 2022 Benefit obligation Benefit obligation - beginning of year $ 99,275 $ 139,516 Service cost 367 731 Interest cost 5,031 3,679 Net actuarial gain (206) (31,512) Foreign currency changes 214 (740) Benefits paid, net (11,194) (12,399) Benefit obligation - end of year (1) $ 93,487 $ 99,275 Fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets - beginning of year $ — $ — Company contribution 11,194 12,399 Benefits paid, net (11,194) (12,399) Fair value of plan assets - end of year $ — $ — Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Current liability $ (10,265) $ (11,530) Noncurrent liability (83,222) (87,745) Funded status $ (93,487) $ (99,275) (1) Includes a benefit obligation for the U.S. postretirement plan of $84 million and $90 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Pretax amounts recognized in AOCL consist of: 2023 2022 Net actuarial gain $ (14,360) $ (16,405) The components of net periodic benefit cost for postretirement medical benefit plans were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Service cost $ 367 $ 731 $ 909 Interest cost 5,031 3,679 3,755 Amortization of prior service cost — — 129 Amortization of net actuarial loss (2,249) 68 4,090 Net periodic benefit cost $ 3,149 $ 4,478 $ 8,883 Other changes in benefit obligation for postretirement medical benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows: 2023 2022 Net actuarial gain $ (206) $ (31,512) Amortization of net actuarial loss 2,249 (68) Total recognized in other comprehensive income $ 2,043 $ (31,580) The weighted-average discount rates used to determine end of year benefit obligation and net periodic pension cost include: 2023 2022 2021 Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation U.S. 5.20 % 5.60 % 2.80 % Canada 4.60 % 5.15 % 2.90 % Discount rate used to determine net period benefit cost U.S. 5.60 % 2.80 % 2.35 % Canada 5.15 % 2.90 % 2.50 % The discount rate for our U.S. postretirement medical benefit plan is determined by matching the expected cash flows associated with our benefit obligations to a pool of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the measurement date. The discount rate for our Canada postretirement medical benefit plan is determined by matching the expected cash flows associated with our benefit obligations to spot rates along a yield curve developed based on yields of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the measurement date. The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for the U.S. plan was 6.75% for 2023 and 6.5% for 2022. The assumed health care trend rate is 6.25% for 2024 and will gradually decline to 5.0% by the year 2028 and remain at that level thereafter. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. Estimated Future Benefit Payments The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid. Pension Benefits Postretirement Medical Benefits 2024 $ 123,016 $ 10,514 2025 123,566 10,065 2026 121,323 9,626 2027 120,468 9,130 2028 120,025 8,654 Thereafter 576,290 36,181 $ 1,184,688 $ 84,170 During 2024, we do not anticipate making contributions to our U.S. pension plans and contributing approximately $6 million to our foreign pension plans. Savings Plans We offer a voluntary defined contribution 401(k) plan to our U.S. employees designed to help them accumulate additional savings for retirement. We provide a core contribution to all employees, regardless of if they participate in the plan, and an additional contribution to participating employees based on their eligible pay. Total employer contributions to the 401(k) plan were $28 million in both 2023 and 2022. |