Summary of significant accounting policies: | 1. Summary of significant accounting policies: a. Business description Oglethorpe Power Corporation is an electric membership corporation incorporated in 1974 and headquartered in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia that operates on a not-for-profit basis. We are owned by 38 retail electric distribution cooperative members in Georgia. We provide wholesale electric power from a combination of owned and co-owned generating units of which our ownership share totals 7,115 megawatts of summer planning reserve capacity. We also manage and operate Smarr EMC which owns 728 megawatts of summer planning reserve capacity. In addition, we supply financial and management services to Green Power EMC, which purchases energy from renewable energy facilities totaling 119 megawatts of capacity, including 86 megawatts sourced by solar energy. Georgia Power Company is a co-owner and the operating agent of our nuclear and coal-fired generating units. Our members in turn distribute energy on a retail basis to approximately 4.1 million people. b. Basis of accounting Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority-owned and controlled subsidiary. We have determined that there are no accounts of variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. We have eliminated any intercompany profits and transactions in consolidation. We follow generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. We maintain our accounts in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission as modified and adopted by the Rural Utilities Service. We also apply the accounting guidance for regulated operations. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain fair value hierarchy disclosures have been revised to conform to the current period classification. Securities previously classified as "US Treasury and government agency securities" under Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy totaling $37,884,000 as of December 31, 2016 in the fair value table of Note 2 are now presented under Level 2 as "Mortgage backed securities" and "Federal agency securities." These changes do not impact the investment portfolio or the fair value of the assets that are recorded in the financial statements. c. Patronage capital and membership fees We are organized and operate as a cooperative. Our members paid a total of $190 in membership fees. Patronage capital includes retained net margin. Any excess of revenues over expenditures from operations is treated as an advance of capital by our members and is allocated to each member on the basis of their fixed percentage capacity cost responsibilities in our generation. Any distributions of patronage capital are subject to the discretion of our board of directors, subject to first mortgage indenture requirements. Under our first mortgage indenture, we are prohibited from making any distribution of patronage capital to our members if, at the time of or after giving effect to, (i) an event of default exists under the indenture, (ii) our equity as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is less than 20% of our total long-term debt and equities, or (iii) the aggregate amount expended for distributions on or after the date on which our equity first reaches 20% of our total long-term debt and equities exceeds 35% of our aggregate net margins earned after such date. This last restriction, however will not apply if, after giving effect to such distribution, our equity as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is not less than 30% of our long-term debt and equities. d. Margin policy We are required under our first mortgage indenture to produce a margins for interest ratio of at least 1.10 for each fiscal year. For the years 2017, 2016 and 2015, we achieved a margins for interest ratio of 1.14. e. Operating revenues Electricity revenues are recognized when capacity and energy are provided. Operating revenues from sales to members consist primarily of electricity sales pursuant to long-term wholesale power contracts which we maintain with each of our members. These wholesale power contracts obligate each member to pay us for capacity and energy furnished in accordance with rates we establish. Capacity revenues recover our fixed costs plus a targeted margin and are charged regardless of whether our generation and purchased power resources are dispatched to produce electricity. Capacity revenues are based on an annual budget and, notwithstanding budget adjustments to meet our targeted margin, are recorded in approximately equal amounts throughout the year. Energy revenues recover variable costs, such as fuel, incurred to generate or purchase electricity and are recorded such that energy revenues equal the actual energy costs incurred. Prior to 2016, operating revenues from sales to non-members consisted primarily of energy sales at Smith. The following table reflects members whose revenues accounted for 10% or more of our total operating revenues in 2017, 2016 or 2015: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2017 2016 2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jackson EMC % % % Cobb EMC % % % Sawnee EMC n/a % % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ We have a rate management program that allows us to expense and recover certain costs on a current basis that would otherwise be deferred or capitalized. The subscribing members of Vogtle Units No. 3 and No. 4 can elect to participate in this program on an annual basis. The Vogtle program allows for the recovery of financing costs associated with the construction of Vogtle Units No. 3 and No. 4 on a current basis. Under this program, amounts billed to participating members in 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $11,000,000, $16,096,000 and $7,630,000, respectively. The cumulative amount billed since inception of the program totaled $54,087,000. Prior to 2016, members also subscribed to the Smith program, which allowed for the accelerated recovery of deferred net costs related to Smith. The Smith program ceased as of December 31, 2015 when the plant became available for scheduling to our members. The amount billed to participating members under this program in 2015 was $17,745,000 and the cumulative amount billed since inception totaled $58,922,000. f. Receivables A substantial portion of our receivables are related to electricity sales to our members. These receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Our members are required through the wholesale power contracts to reimburse us for all costs, plus a margin requirement. Member receivables at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $126,211,000 and $136,552,000, respectively. The remainder of our receivables is primarily related to transactions with affiliated companies and investment income. Uncollectible amounts, if any, are identified on a specific basis and charged to expense in the period the amounts are determined to be uncollectible. g. Nuclear fuel cost The cost of nuclear fuel is amortized to fuel expense based on usage. The total nuclear fuel expense for 2017, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $90,520,000, $83,751,000, and $78,762,000, respectively. Contracts with the U.S. Department of Energy have been executed to provide for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel produced at Plants Hatch and Vogtle. The Department of Energy failed to begin disposing of spent fuel in January 1998 as required by the contracts, and Georgia Power, as agent for the co-owners of the plants has pursued and continues to pursue legal remedies against the Department of Energy for breach of contract. On December 14, 2014, the U.S. Court of Federal Claims issued a judgment in favor of Georgia Power, as agent for the co-owners, to recover spent nuclear fuel storage costs at Plants Hatch and Vogtle Units No. 1 and No. 2 covering the period of 2005 through 2010. Our ownership share of the $36,474,000 total award was $10,949,000, which was received in April 2015. The effects of the award were recorded during the first quarter of 2015 and resulted in a $7,320,000 reduction in total operating expenses, including reductions to fuel expense and production costs, as well as a $3,629,000 reduction to plant in service. On October 10, 2017, Georgia Power, as agent for the co-owners filed a separate claim seeking damages for spent nuclear fuel storage costs at Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units No. 1 and No. 2 covering a period from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2017. In addition, Georgia Power previously filed a separate claim to cover periods January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2013 which was subsequently amended and extended through December 31, 2014. Damages will continue to accumulate until the issue is resolved or storage is provided. No amounts were recognized in the financial statements as of December 31, 2017 for this claim. The final outcome of these matters cannot be determined at this time. Both Plants Hatch and Vogtle have on-site dry spent storage facilities in operation. Facilities at both plants can be expanded to accommodate spent fuel through the expected life of each plant. h. Asset retirement obligations and other retirement costs Asset retirement obligations are legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets. These obligations represent the present value of the estimated costs for an asset's future retirement discounted using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate, and are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. The liabilities we have recognized primarily relate to the decommissioning of our nuclear facilities. In addition, we have retirement obligations related to coal ash ponds, gypsum cells, powder activated carbon cells, landfill sites and asbestos removal. Under the accounting provision for regulated operations, we record a regulatory asset or liability to reflect the difference in timing of recognition of the costs related to nuclear and coal ash related decommissioning for financial statement purposes and for ratemaking purposes. Periodically, we obtain revised cost studies associated with our nuclear and fossil plants' asset retirement obligations. Actual retirement costs may vary from these estimates. The estimated costs of nuclear and coal ash pond decommissioning are based on the most recent studies performed in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The following table reflects the details of the Asset Retirement Obligations included in the consolidated balance sheets for the years 2017 and 2016. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (dollars in thousands) Nuclear Coal Ash Other Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance at December 31, 2016 $ $ $ $ Liabilities settled ) ) ) ) Accretion Change in cash flow estimates – ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance at December 31, 2017 $ $ $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (dollars in thousands) Nuclear Coal Ash Other Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance at December 31, 2015 $ $ $ $ Liabilities settled – ) ) ) Accretion Change in cash flow estimates – ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance at December 31, 2016 $ $ $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Nuclear Decommissioning. Nuclear decommissioning cost estimates are based on site studies and assume prompt dismantlement and removal of both the radiated and non-radiated portions of the plant from service, as well as the management of spent fuel. We do not have a legal obligation to decommission non-radiated structures and, therefore, these costs are excluded from the related asset retirement obligation and the amounts in the table above. Actual decommissioning costs may vary from these estimates because of, but not limited to, changes in the assumed date of decommissioning, changes in regulatory requirements, changes in technology, and changes in costs of labor, materials and equipment. The estimated costs of decommissioning are based on the most current study performed in 2015. In projecting future costs, the escalation rate for labor, materials and equipment was assumed to be 2.5%. The increase in the cash flow estimates in 2015 was primarily attributable to security costs, waste disposal costs and inflation, among other factors. Our portion of the estimated costs of decommissioning co-owned nuclear facilities were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (dollars in thousands) 2015 site study Hatch Hatch Vogtle Vogtle ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Expected start date of decommissioning 2034 2038 2047 2049 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Estimated costs based on site study in 2015 dollars: Radiated structures $ $ $ $ Spent fuel management Non-radiated structures ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total estimated site study costs $ $ $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ We have established funds to comply with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations regarding the decommissioning of our nuclear plants. See Note 1i for information regarding the nuclear decommissioning funds. Coal Ash Pond. On April 17, 2015 the Environmental Protection Agency published its final coal combustion residuals (CCR) rule which regulates CCRs as non-hazardous materials under Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The rule took effect on October 19, 2015. Our most current assessment of the final CCR rule resulted in a $1,604,000 change in cash flow estimates for coal ash pond decommissioning. Estimates are based on various assumptions including, but not limited to, closure and post-closure cost estimates, timing of expenditures, escalation factors, discount rates and methods for complying with the CCR rule. The 2017 and 2016 increases in cash flow estimates were primarily attributed to an increase in the closure cost estimates. Additional adjustments to the asset retirement obligations are expected periodically as we continue to assess the impact of the rule, including potential changes, on our estimates and assumptions. Other. Accounting standards for asset retirement and environmental obligations do not apply to a retirement cost for which there is no legal obligation to retire the asset, and non-regulated entities are not allowed to accrue for such future retirement costs. We continue to recognize retirement costs for these other obligations in our depreciation rates under the accounting provisions for regulated operations. Accordingly, the accumulated retirement costs for other obligations are reflected as a regulatory liability in our balance sheets. For information regarding accumulated retirement costs for other obligations, see Note 1q. i. Nuclear decommissioning funds The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires all licensees operating commercial power reactors to establish a plan for providing, with reasonable assurance, funds for decommissioning. The NRC definition of decommissioning does not include all costs that may be associated with decommissioning, such as spent fuel management and non-radiated structures. We have established external trust funds to comply with the NRC's regulations. Upon approval by the NRC, any funding in the external trust in excess of their requirements may be used for other decommissioning costs. In 2017 and 2016, no additional amounts were contributed to the external trust funds. These funds are managed by unrelated third party investment managers with the discretion to buy, sell and invest pursuant to investment objectives and restrictions set forth in agreements entered into between us and the investment managers. We record the investment securities held in the nuclear decommissioning trust fund, which are classified as available-for-sale, at fair value, as disclosed in Note 2. Because day-to-day investment decisions are made by third party investment managers, the ability to hold investments in unrealized loss positions is outside our control. In addition to the external trust funds, we maintain unrestricted investments internally designated for nuclear decommissioning. These internal funds are available to be utilized to fund the external trust funds, should additional funding be required, as well as other decommissioning costs outside the scope of the NRC funding regulations. The funds are included in long-term investments on our consolidated balance sheet. In both 2017 and 2016, we contributed $4,750,000 into the internal funds. The following table outlines the fair value of our nuclear decommissioning funds as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The funds are invested in a diversified mix of approximately 60% equity and 40% fixed income securities for both 2017 and 2016. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2017 External Trust Funds: 12.31.16 Purchases Net (1) Unrealized 12.31.17 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity $ $ $ ) $ $ Debt ) $ Other ) – $ ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total $ $ $ ) $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Internal Funds: 12.31.16 Purchases Net (1) Unrealized 12.31.17 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity $ $ – $ $ $ Debt ) – $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total $ $ $ ) $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) Also included in net proceeds are net realized gains or losses, interest income and dividends, contributions and fees of $31,939,680. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2016 External Trust Funds: 12.31.15 Purchases Net (2) Unrealized 12.31.16 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity $ $ $ ) $ $ Debt ) ) $ Other ) ) $ ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total $ $ $ ) $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Internal Funds: 12.31.15 Purchases Net (2) Unrealized 12.31.16 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity $ $ – $ $ $ Debt ) ) $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total $ $ $ ) $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2) Also included in net proceeds are net realized gains or losses, interest income and dividends, contributions and fees of $12,270,144. Realized and unrealized gains and losses of the nuclear decommissioning funds that would be recorded in earnings by a non-regulated entity are directly deducted from or added to the regulatory asset or liability for asset retirement obligations in accordance with our rate-making treatment. The nuclear decommissioning trust fund has produced an average annualized return of approximately 6.4% in the last ten years and 6.3% since inception in 1990. Based on current funding and cost study estimates, we expect the current balances and anticipated investment earnings of our decommissioning fund assets to be sufficient to meet all of our future nuclear decommissioning costs. Notwithstanding the above assumption, our management believes that any increase in cost estimates of decommissioning can be recovered in future rates. j. Depreciation Depreciation is computed on additions when they are placed in service using the composite straight-line method. We use standard depreciation rates as well as site specific rates determined through depreciation studies as approved by the Rural Utilities Service. The 2017 and 2016 depreciation rates for steam and nuclear production in the table below reflect revised rates from depreciation rate studies completed in 2015. Site specific depreciation studies are performed every five years. Annual depreciation rates in effect in 2017, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Range of 2017 2016 2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Steam production 49-65 % % % Nuclear production 37-60 % % % Hydro production 50 % % % Other production 27-33 % % % Transmission 36 % % % General 3-50 2.00-33.33 % 2.00-33.33 % 2.00-33.33 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * Calculated based on the composite depreciation rates in effect for 2017. Depreciation expense for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $218,027,000, $211,282,000, and $180,866,000, respectively. k. Electric plant Electric plant is stated at original cost, which is the cost of the plant when first dedicated to public service, including acquisition adjustments, if any, plus the cost of any subsequent additions. Cost includes an allowance for the cost of equity and debt funds used during construction and allocable overheads. For the years ended 2017, 2016 and 2015, the allowance for funds used during construction rates were 4.45%, 4.61% and 4.73%, respectively. Replacements and renewals of items considered to be units of property, the lowest level of property for which we capitalize, are charged to the plant accounts. At the time properties are disposed of, the original cost, plus cost of removal, less salvage of such property, is charged to the accumulated provision for depreciation. Maintenance and repairs of property and replacements and renewals of items determined to be less than units of property are charged to expense, including certain major maintenance costs at our natural gas-fired plants. l. Cash and cash equivalents We consider all temporary cash investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments with maturities at the time of purchase of more than three months are classified as short-term investments. m. Restricted investments Restricted investments consist of funds on deposit with the Rural Utilities Service in the Cushion of Credit Account. We can only utilize these investments for future Rural Utilities Service-guaranteed Federal Financing Bank debt service payments. The funds on deposit earn interest at a rate of 5% per annum. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had restricted investments totaling $882,909,000 and $468,179,000, respectively, of which $653,585,000 and $221,122,000, respectively, were classified as long-term. The funds on deposit with the Rural Utilities Service in the Cushion of Credit Account are held by the U.S. Treasury, acting through the Federal Financing Bank. n. Inventories We maintain inventories of fossil fuel and spare parts, including materials and supplies for our generation plants. These inventories are stated at weighted average cost. The fossil fuel inventories primarily include the direct cost of coal and related transportation charges. The cost of fossil fuel inventories is carried at weighted average cost and is charged to fuel expense as consumed. The spare parts inventories primarily include the direct cost of generating plant spare parts. The spare parts inventory is carried at weighted average cost and the parts are charged to expense or capitalized, as appropriate when installed. At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, fossil fuels inventories were $54,050,000 and $57,289,000, respectively. Inventories for spare parts at 2017 and 2016 were $212,169,000 and $202,542,000, respectively. o. Deferred charges and other assets Other deferred charges primarily represent advance deposits to Georgia Power Company related to the Vogtle construction project and progress payments for equipment associated with future nuclear refueling outages. For a discussion regarding regulatory assets, see Note 1q. p. Deferred credits and other liabilities We have a power bill prepayment program pursuant to which members can prepay their power bills from us at a discount based on our avoided cost of borrowing. The prepayments are credited against the participating members' power bills in the month(s) agreed upon in advance. The discounts are credited against the power bills monthly and are recorded as a reduction to member revenues. The prepayments are being credited against members' power bills through January 2023, with the majority of the balance scheduled to be credited by the end of 2019. During 2016, in connection with the Vogtle Units No. 3 and No. 4 construction project, we were accruing long-term contract retainage amounts for substantial and mechanical milestones. As a result of a settlement agreement entered into by Georgia Power Company and the Co-owners and Toshiba in June 2017, these contract retainage amounts were reversed. For more information regarding the Vogtle construction project, see Note 8. q. Regulatory assets and liabilities We apply the accounting guidance for regulated operations. Regulatory assets represent certain costs that are probable of recovery from our members in future revenues through rates under the wholesale power contracts with our members, which extend through December 31, 2050. Regulatory liabilities represent certain items of income that we are retaining and that will be applied in the future to reduce revenues required to be recovered from members. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (dollars in thousands) 2017 2016 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Regulatory Assets: Premium and loss on reacquired debt (a) $ $ Amortization on capital leases (b) Outage costs (c) Asset Retirement Obligations – Ashpond and other (k) Depreciation expense (d) Deferred charges related to Vogtle Units No. 3 and No. 4 training costs (e) Interest rate options cost (f) Deferral of effects on net margin – Smith Energy Facility (g) Other regulatory assets (l) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total Regulatory Assets Regulatory Liabilities: Accumulated retirement costs for other obligations (h) $ $ Deferral of effects on net margin – Hawk Road Energy Facility (g) Major maintenance reserve (i) Amortization on capital leases (b) Deferred debt service adder (j) Asset retirement obligations – Nuclear (k) Other regulatory liabilities (l) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total Regulatory Liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net regulatory assets $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (a) Represents premiums paid, together with unamortized transaction costs related to reacquired debt that are being amortized over the lives of the refunding debt, which range up to 26 years. (b) Represents the difference between expense recognized for rate-making purposes and financial statement purposes related to capital lease payments and the aggregate of the amortization of the asset and interest on the obligation. (c) Consists of both coal-fired maintenance and nuclear refueling outage costs. Coal-fired outage costs are amortized on a straight-line basis to expense over periods up to 48 months, depending on the operating cycle of each unit. Nuclear refueling outage costs are amortized on a straight-line basis to expense over the 18 or 24-month operating cycles of each unit. (d) Prior to Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approval of a 20-year license extension for Plant Vogtle, we deferred the difference between Plant Vogtle depreciation expense based on the then 40-year operating license and depreciation expense assuming an expected 20-year license extension. Amortization commenced upon NRC approval of the license extension in 2009 and is being amortized over the remaining life of the plant. (e) Deferred charges related to Vogtle Units No. 3 and No. 4 training and interest related carrying costs of such training. Amortization will commence effective with the commercial operation date of each unit and amortized to expense over the life of the units. (f) Deferral of net loss associated with the change in fair value and expired cost of interest rate options purchased to hedge interest rates on certain borrowings related to Vogtle Units No.3 and No.4 construction. Amortization will commence in February 2020 and will be amortized through February 2044, the life of the DOE-guaranteed loan which is financing a portion of the construction project. (g) Effects on net margin for Smith and Hawk Road Energy Facilities were deferred through the end of 2015 and are being amortized over the remaining life of each respective plant. (h) Represents the accrual of retirement costs associated with long-lived assets for which there are no legal obligations to retire the assets. (i) Represents collections for future major maintenance costs; revenues are recognized as major maintenance costs are incurred. (j) Represents collections to fund certain debt payments to be made through the end of 2025 which will be in excess of amounts collected through depreciation expense; the deferred credits will be amortized over the remaining useful life of the plants. (k) Represents difference in timing of recognition of the costs of decommissioning and ashpond remediation for financial statement purposes and for ratemaking purposes. (l) The amortization periods for other regulatory assets range up to 32 years and the amortization periods of other regulatory liabilities range up to 9 years. r. Related parties We and our 38 members are members of Georgia Transmission. Georgia Transmission provides transmission services to its members for delivery of its members' power purchases from us and other power suppliers. We have entered into an agreement with Georgia Transmission to provide transmission services for third party transactions and for service to our own facilities. For 2017, 2016, and 2015, we incurred expenses from Georgia Transmission of $28,410,000, $27,399,000, and $28,172,000, respectively. We, Georgia Transmission and 38 of our members are members of Georgia Systems Operations. Georgia Systems Operations operates the system control center and currently provides us system operations services and administrative support services. For 2017, 2016, and 2015, we incurred expenses from Georgia Systems Operations of $25,597,000, $23,994,000, and $22,616,000, respectively. s. Other income The components of other income within the Consolidated Statement of Revenues and Expenses were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (dollars in thousands) 2017 2016 2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Capital credits from associated companies (Note 4) $ $ $ Net revenue from Georgia Transmission and Georgia System Operations for shared Administrative and General costs Miscellaneous other ) ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total $ $ $ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ t. New accounting pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). The new revenue standard requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. The standard is effective for us for the annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2017 using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting the standard recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). We have completed our evaluation of the new revenue standard and adopted the amendments within the new standard effective January 1, 2018. There was no cumulative impact upon adoption. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact, on an annual basis, to our revenue recognition based on our existing contracts with customers. Our evaluation process included, but was not limited to, identifying contracts within the scope of Topic 606, reviewing and documenting our accounting for these contracts and assessing the applicability of the variable consideration guidance. The vast majority of our revenue is derived from substantially identical wholesale power contracts that we have with each of our 38 members. We expect the pattern of revenue recognition pursuant to our wholesale power contracts will remain unchanged on an annual basis under the new revenue standard. Historically, our Board has approved budget adjustments, typically at year end but may be made throughout the year, that affect our annual revenue requirement. As a result, at the end of each reporting period we will determine whether the variable consideration cumulatively received from our Members exceeds the consideration to which we expect to be entitled on an annual basis. We will recognize a refund liability for the consideration which we expect to refund to our Members, if such excess consideration received would result in a significant reversal in the cumulative revenues recognized. In January 2016, the FASB issued "Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendments in this update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The new standard is effective |