Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality of Loans | Note 4. Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality of Loans Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level estimated by management to provide adequately for probable incurred losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is continuously monitored. It is assessed for adequacy using a methodology designed to ensure the level of the allowance reasonably reflects the loan portfolio’s risk profile. It is evaluated to ensure that it is sufficient to absorb all reasonably estimable credit losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. To develop and document a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company has divided the loan portfolio into three segments, each with different risk characteristics and methodologies for assessing risk. Those segments are further segregated between our loans accounted for under the amortized cost method (referred to as “originated” loans) and loans acquired in a business combination (referred to as “acquired” loans). Each portfolio segment is broken down into class segments where appropriate. Class segments contain unique measurement attributes, risk characteristics and methods for monitoring and assessing risk that are necessary to develop the allowance for loan losses. Unique characteristics such as borrower type, loan type, collateral type and risk characteristics define each class segment. The following table illustrates the portfolio and class segments for the Company’s loan portfolio: Portfolio Class Commercial Loans Commercial Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Agricultural Real Estate Business Banking Consumer Loans Indirect Home Equity Direct Residential Real Estate Mortgages Commercial Loans The Company offers a variety of commercial loan products including commercial (non-real estate), commercial real estate, agricultural, agricultural real estate, and business banking loans. The Company’s underwriting analysis for commercial loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, a review of the borrower’s financial condition and a detailed analysis of the borrower’s underlying cash flows. Commercial – Commercial Real Estate – Agricultural Agricultural Real Estate Business Banking Consumer Loans The Company offers a variety of consumer loan products including indirect, home equity and direct loans. Indirect – Home Equity Direct – Residential Real Estate Mortgages Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by first or second deeds of trust on primary residences. We originate adjustable-rate and fixed-rate, one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase or refinancing of a mortgage. These loans are collateralized by owner-occupied properties located in the Company’s market area. Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 85% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower) or have private mortgage insurance. The Company’s underwriting analysis for residential mortgage loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals and a review of the borrower’s financial condition. Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period. For purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance, the Company considers a number of significant factors that affect the collectability of the portfolio. For individually analyzed loans, these include estimates of loss exposure, which reflect the facts and circumstances that affect the likelihood of repayment of such loans as of the evaluation date. For homogeneous pools of loans, estimates of the Company’s exposure to credit loss reflect a current assessment of a number of factors, which could affect collectability. These factors include: past loss experience, loss emergence period, size, trend, composition and nature of loans; changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-offs and recoveries; trends experienced in nonperforming and delinquent loans; current economic conditions in the Company’s market; portfolio concentrations that may affect loss experienced across one or more components of the portfolio; the effect of external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory requirements; and the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral component of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Company to make loan grade changes as well as recognize additions to the allowance based on their examinations. After a thorough consideration of the factors discussed above, any required additions or reductions to the allowance for loan losses are made periodically by charges or credits to the provision for loan losses. These charges or credits are necessary to maintain the allowance at a level which management believes is reasonably reflective of overall inherent risk of probable loss in the portfolio. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, additions and reductions of the allowance may fluctuate from one reporting period to another. These fluctuations are reflective of changes in risk associated with portfolio content and/or changes in management’s assessment of any or all of the determining factors discussed above. The following tables illustrate the changes in the allowance for loan losses by our portfolio segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Three months ended September 30, Commercial Loans Consumer Loans Residential Real Estate Mortgages Unallocated Total Balance as of June 30, 2016 $ 25,222 $ 31,471 $ 7,875 $ - $ 64,568 Charge-offs (637 ) (6,046 ) (142 ) - (6,825 ) Recoveries 512 898 127 - 1,537 Provision 1,514 6,078 (1,481 ) 277 6,388 Ending Balance as of September 30, 2016 $ 26,611 $ 32,401 $ 6,379 $ 277 $ 65,668 Balance as of June 30, 2015 $ 28,326 $ 28,314 $ 8,281 $ 38 $ 64,959 Charge-offs (1,333 ) (4,530 ) (511 ) - (6,374 ) Recoveries 258 889 161 - 1,308 Provision (2,800 ) 7,333 51 382 4,966 Ending Balance as of September 30, 2015 $ 24,451 $ 32,006 $ 7,982 $ 420 $ 64,859 Nine months ended September 30, Commercial Loans Consumer Loans Residential Real Estate Mortgages Unallocated Total Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ 25,545 $ 29,253 $ 7,960 $ 260 $ 63,018 Charge-offs (1,723 ) (16,409 ) (1,119 ) - (19,251 ) Recoveries 1,616 2,779 240 - 4,635 Provision 1,173 16,778 (702 ) 17 17,266 Ending Balance as of September 30, 2016 $ 26,611 $ 32,401 $ 6,379 $ 277 $ 65,668 Balance as of December 31, 2014 $ 32,433 $ 26,720 $ 7,130 $ 76 $ 66,359 Charge-offs (2,715 ) (13,183 ) (1,524 ) - (17,422 ) Recoveries 772 2,334 310 - 3,416 Provision (6,039 ) 16,135 2,066 344 12,506 Ending Balance as of September 30, 2015 $ 24,451 $ 32,006 $ 7,982 $ 420 $ 64,859 Included in the above table there was $0.7 million and $1.9 million in the allowance for loan losses related to acquired commercial loans as of September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015, respectively. Net charge-offs related to acquired loans totaled approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and approximately $0.4 million and $1.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and are included in the table above. The following tables illustrate the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment by portfolio segments as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015: Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans (In thousands) Commercial Loans Consumer Loans Residential Real Estate Mortgages Unallocated Total As of September 30, 2016 Allowance for loan losses $ 26,611 $ 32,401 $ 6,379 $ 277 $ 65,668 Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment 3,372 - - - 3,372 Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 23,239 $ 32,401 $ 6,379 $ 277 $ 62,296 Ending balance of loans $ 2,781,143 $ 2,138,705 $ 1,240,337 $ 6,160,185 Ending balance of originated loans individually evaluated for impairment 21,594 8,502 6,088 36,184 Ending balance of acquired loans individually evaluated for impairment 1,205 - - 1,205 Ending balance of acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment 252,414 69,173 207,289 528,876 Ending balance of originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,505,930 $ 2,061,030 $ 1,026,960 $ 5,593,920 As of December 31, 2015 Allowance for loan losses $ 25,545 $ 29,253 $ 7,960 $ 260 $ 63,018 Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment 2,005 - - - 2,005 Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 23,540 $ 29,253 $ 7,960 $ 260 $ 61,013 Ending balance of loans $ 2,589,707 $ 2,096,646 $ 1,196,780 $ 5,883,133 Ending balance of originated loans individually evaluated for impairment 12,253 7,693 6,017 25,963 Ending balance of acquired loans individually evaluated for impairment 1,205 - - 1,205 Ending balance of acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment 284,524 95,427 230,358 610,309 Ending balance of originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,291,725 $ 1,993,526 $ 960,405 $ 5,245,656 Credit Quality of Loans Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when timely collection of principal and interest in accordance with contractual terms is doubtful. Loans are transferred to nonaccrual status generally when principal or interest payments become 90 days delinquent, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection or sooner when management concludes or circumstances indicate that borrowers may be unable to meet contractual principal or interest payments. When a loan is transferred to a nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued in the current period but not collected is reversed against interest income in that period. Interest accrued in a prior period and not collected is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. The Company’s nonaccrual policies are the same for all classes of financing receivable. If ultimate repayment of a nonaccrual loan is expected, any payments received are applied in accordance with contractual terms. If ultimate repayment of principal is not expected, any payment received on a nonaccrual loan is applied to principal until ultimate repayment becomes expected. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when they become current as to principal and interest and demonstrate a period of performance under the contractual terms and, in the opinion of management, are fully collectible as to principal and interest. When in the opinion of management the collection of principal appears unlikely, the loan balance is charged-off in total or in part. For loans in all portfolios, the principal amount is charged off in full or in part as soon as management determines, based on available facts, that the collection of principal in full is improbable. For commercial loans, management considers specific facts and circumstances relative to individual credits in making such a determination. For consumer and residential loan classes, management uses specific guidance and thresholds from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. The following tables set forth information with regard to past due and nonperforming loans by loan class as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015: Age Analysis of Past Due Financing Receivables As of September 30, 2016 (In thousands) 31-60 Days Past Due Accruing 61-90 Days Past Due Accruing Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Accruing Total Past Due Accruing Nonaccrual Current Recorded Total Loans ORIGINATED Commercial Loans Commercial $ 416 $ 6 $ - $ 422 $ 3,188 $ 676,143 $ 679,753 Commercial Real Estate - 152 - 152 13,748 1,301,079 1,314,979 Agricultural - - - - 1,069 36,236 37,305 Agricultural Real Estate - - - - 1,686 30,710 32,396 Business Banking 1,622 598 - 2,220 3,969 456,902 463,091 2,038 756 - 2,794 23,660 2,501,070 2,527,524 Consumer Loans Indirect 14,618 3,559 2,412 20,589 1,830 1,523,881 1,546,300 Home Equity 3,420 864 383 4,667 3,083 452,056 459,806 Direct 413 171 38 622 82 62,722 63,426 18,451 4,594 2,833 25,878 4,995 2,038,659 2,069,532 Residential Real Estate Mortgages 2,400 151 489 3,040 6,579 1,023,429 1,033,048 $ 22,889 $ 5,501 $ 3,322 $ 31,712 $ 35,234 $ 5,563,158 $ 5,630,104 ACQUIRED Commercial Loans Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 59,215 $ 59,215 Commercial Real Estate - - 834 834 1,898 140,390 143,122 Business Banking 887 64 - 951 403 49,928 51,282 887 64 834 1,785 2,301 249,533 253,619 Consumer Loans Indirect 64 29 6 99 53 12,157 12,309 Home Equity 239 9 34 282 321 53,003 53,606 Direct 11 - - 11 42 3,205 3,258 314 38 40 392 416 68,365 69,173 Residential Real Estate Mortgages 822 127 248 1,197 2,765 203,327 207,289 $ 2,023 $ 229 $ 1,122 $ 3,374 $ 5,482 $ 521,225 $ 530,081 Total Loans $ 24,912 $ 5,730 $ 4,444 $ 35,086 $ 40,716 $ 6,084,383 $ 6,160,185 Age Analysis of Past Due Financing Receivables As of December 31, 2015 (In thousands) 31-60 Days Past Due Accruing 61-90 Days Past Due Accruing Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Accruing Total Past Due Accruing Nonaccrual Current Recorded Total Loans ORIGINATED Commercial Loans Commercial $ 782 $ 23 $ - $ 805 $ 2,817 $ 640,696 $ 644,318 Commercial Real Estate 39 32 - 71 5,546 1,189,280 1,194,897 Agricultural 94 - - 94 897 33,633 34,624 Agricultural Real Estate - - - - 1,046 28,172 29,218 Business Banking 912 394 - 1,306 4,247 395,368 400,921 1,827 449 - 2,276 14,553 2,287,149 2,303,978 Consumer Loans Indirect 15,731 2,963 2,271 20,965 1,786 1,454,499 1,477,250 Home Equity 3,396 1,671 340 5,407 4,835 454,473 464,715 Direct 425 201 28 654 49 58,551 59,254 19,552 4,835 2,639 27,026 6,670 1,967,523 2,001,219 Residential Real Estate Mortgages 3,301 365 696 4,362 7,713 954,347 966,422 $ 24,680 $ 5,649 $ 3,335 $ 33,664 $ 28,936 $ 5,209,019 $ 5,271,619 ACQUIRED Commercial Loans Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 68,991 $ 68,991 Commercial Real Estate - - - - 1,313 165,630 166,943 Business Banking 288 - - 288 307 49,200 49,795 288 - - 288 1,620 283,821 285,729 Consumer Loans Indirect 143 11 1 155 104 27,516 27,775 Home Equity 327 132 - 459 457 62,811 63,727 Direct 76 20 - 96 43 3,786 3,925 546 163 1 710 604 94,113 95,427 Residential Real Estate Mortgages 1,443 293 326 2,062 2,584 225,712 230,358 $ 2,277 $ 456 $ 327 $ 3,060 $ 4,808 $ 603,646 $ 611,514 Total Loans $ 26,957 $ 6,105 $ 3,662 $ 36,724 $ 33,744 $ 5,812,665 $ 5,883,133 There were no material commitments to extend further credit to borrowers with nonperforming loans. Impaired Loans The methodology used to establish the allowance for loan losses on impaired loans incorporates specific allocations on loans analyzed individually. Classified and nonperforming loans with outstanding balances of $0.8 million or more and all troubled debt restructured loans (“TDRs”) are evaluated for impairment through the Company’s quarterly status review process. In determining that we will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreements, we consider factors such as payment history and changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, local economic conditions, historical loss experience and the conditions of the various markets in which the collateral may be liquidated. For loans that are impaired as defined by accounting standards, impairment is measured by one of three methods: 1) the fair value of collateral less cost to sell, 2) present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate or 3) the loan’s observable market price. All impaired loans are reviewed on a quarterly basis for changes in the level of impairment. Any change to the previously recognized impairment loss is recognized as a change to the allowance account and recorded in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of income as a component of the provision for loan losses. The following table provides information on loans specifically evaluated for impairment as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015: September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Balance (Book) Unpaid Principal Balance (Legal) Related Allowance Recorded Investment Balance (Book) Unpaid Principal Balance (Legal) Related Allowance ORIGINATED With no related allowance recorded: Commercial Loans Commercial $ 2,174 $ 2,441 $ 2,244 $ 2,490 Commercial Real Estate 8,469 8,602 3,165 3,175 Agricultural 133 139 576 1,164 Agricultural Real Estate 1,457 1,583 618 744 Business Banking 665 732 983 1,033 Total Commercial Loans 12,898 13,497 7,586 8,606 Consumer Loans Indirect 7 17 12 21 Home Equity 8,495 9,463 7,681 8,574 Direct - - - - Total Consumer Loans 8,502 9,480 7,693 8,595 Residential Real Estate Mortgages 6,088 6,910 6,017 6,627 Total 27,488 29,887 21,296 23,828 With an allowance recorded: Commercial Loans Commercial 1,014 1,022 $ 555 457 457 $ 300 Commercial Real Estate 7,476 9,324 2,035 4,210 6,059 970 Agricultural 50 50 37 - - - Agricultural Real Estate 156 156 54 - - - Total Commercial Loans 8,696 10,552 2,681 4,667 6,516 1,270 ACQUIRED With an allowance recorded: Commercial Loans Commercial Real Estate 1,205 1,321 691 1,205 1,321 735 Total Commercial Loans 1,205 1,321 691 1,205 1,321 735 Total: $ 37,389 $ 41,760 $ 3,372 $ 27,168 $ 31,665 $ 2,005 The following tables summarize the average recorded investments on impaired loans specifically evaluated for impairment and the interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015: For the three months ended September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized ORIGINATED Commercial Loans Commercial $ 3,204 $ - $ 2,469 $ 42 Commercial Real Estate 15,799 48 8,560 42 Agricultural 85 - 19 - Agricultural Real Estate 935 11 626 11 Business Banking 743 - 1,003 3 Consumer Loans Indirect 8 - 20 - Home Equity 8,401 116 7,432 134 Direct - - - - Residential Real Estate Mortgage 6,141 76 5,564 37 Total Originated $ 35,316 $ 251 $ 25,693 $ 269 ACQUIRED Commercial Loans Commercial - - 2,531 - Commercial Real Estate 1,205 - 6,918 - Total Acquired $ 1,205 $ - $ 9,449 $ - Total Loans $ 36,521 $ 251 $ 35,142 $ 269 For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 (In thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized ORIGINATED Commercial Loans Commercial $ 3,041 $ - $ 2,026 $ 128 Commercial Real Estate 14,782 122 8,884 124 Agricultural 101 1 19 1 Agricultural Real Estate 742 33 630 34 Business Banking 882 7 952 9 Consumer Loans Indirect 9 - 14 - Home Equity 8,207 357 6,869 298 Direct - - 1 - Residential Real Estate Mortgage 6,147 211 4,857 100 Total Originated $ 33,911 $ 731 $ 24,252 $ 694 ACQUIRED Commercial Loans Commercial - - 2,658 - Commercial Real Estate 1,205 - 7,070 - Total Acquired $ 1,205 $ - $ 9,728 $ - Total Loans $ 35,116 $ 731 $ 33,980 $ 694 Credit Quality Indicators The Company has developed an internal loan grading system to evaluate and quantify the Company’s loan portfolio with respect to quality and risk. The system focuses on, among other things, financial strength of borrowers, experience and depth of borrower’s management, primary and secondary sources of repayment, payment history, nature of the business and outlook on particular industries. The internal grading system enables the Company to monitor the quality of the entire loan portfolio on a consistent basis and provide management with an early warning system, enabling recognition and response to problem loans and potential problem loans. Commercial Grading System For commercial and agricultural loans, the Company uses a grading system that relies on quantifiable and measurable characteristics when available. This would include comparison of financial strength to available industry averages, comparison of transaction factors (loan terms and conditions) to loan policy and comparison of credit history to stated repayment terms and industry averages. Some grading factors are necessarily more subjective such as economic and industry factors, regulatory environment, and management. Classified commercial loans consist of loans graded substandard and below. The grading system for commercial and agricultural loans is as follows: ● Doubtful A doubtful loan has a high probability of total or substantial loss, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as a loss is deferred. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Pending events can include mergers, acquisitions, liquidations, capital injections, the perfection of liens on additional collateral, the valuation of collateral and refinancing. Generally, pending events should be resolved within a relatively short period and the ratings will be adjusted based on the new information. Nonaccrual treatment is required for doubtful assets because of the high probability of loss. ● Substandard Substandard loans have a high probability of payment default or they have other well-defined weaknesses. They require more intensive supervision by bank management. Substandard loans are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants. For some Substandard loans, the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt and those loans should be placed on nonaccrual. Although Substandard assets in the aggregate will have a distinct potential for loss, an individual asset’s loss potential does not have to be distinct for the asset to be rated Substandard. ● Special Mention Special Mention loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk, but their weakness does not yet justify a Substandard classification. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends (declining revenues or margins) or may be struggling with an ill-proportioned balance sheet (e.g., increasing inventory without an increase in sales, high leverage, tight liquidity). Adverse economic or market conditions, such as interest rate increases or the entry of a new competitor, may also support a Special Mention rating. Although a Special Mention loan has a higher probability of default than a pass asset, its default is not imminent. ● Pass Loans graded as Pass encompass all loans not graded as Doubtful, Substandard or Special Mention. Pass loans are in compliance with loan covenants and payments are generally made as agreed. Pass loans range from superior quality to fair quality. Business Banking Grading System Business banking loans are graded as either Classified or Non-classified: ● Classified Classified loans are inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or, if applicable, the collateral pledged. These loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, or in some cases make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Classified loans have a high probability of payment default or a high probability of total or substantial loss. These loans require more intensive supervision by management and are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants. When the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt; classified loans are considered to have a nonaccrual status. In some cases, Classified loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. ● Non-classified Loans graded as Non-classified encompass all loans not graded as Classified. Non-classified loans are in compliance with loan covenants and payments are generally made as agreed and it is expected that such timely payments of principal and interest will continue. Consumer and Residential Mortgage Grading System Consumer and Residential Mortgage loans are graded as either Performing or Nonperforming. Nonperforming loans are loans that are 1) over 90 days past due and interest is still accruing, 2) on nonaccrual status or 3) restructured. All loans not meeting any of these three criteria are considered Performing. The following tables illustrate the Company’s credit quality by loan class as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015: Credit Quality Indicators As of September 30, 2016 (In thousands) ORIGINATED Commercial Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Commercial Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Agricultural Real Estate Total Pass $ 631,244 $ 1,262,056 $ 36,493 $ 29,254 $ 1,959,047 Special Mention 9,307 13,110 1 1,480 23,898 Substandard 39,202 39,813 806 1,662 81,483 Doubtful - - 5 - 5 Total $ 679,753 $ 1,314,979 $ 37,305 $ 32,396 $ 2,064,433 Business Banking Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Business Banking Total Non-classified $ 449,947 $ 449,947 Classified 13,144 13,144 Total $ 463,091 $ 463,091 Consumer Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Indirect Home Equity Direct Total Performing $ 1,542,058 $ 456,340 $ 63,306 $ 2,061,704 Nonperforming 4,242 3,466 120 7,828 Total $ 1,546,300 $ 459,806 $ 63,426 $ 2,069,532 Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Residential Mortgage Total Performing $ 1,025,980 $ 1,025,980 Nonperforming 7,068 7,068 Total $ 1,033,048 $ 1,033,048 Credit Quality Indicators As of September 30, 2016 (In thousands) ACQUIRED Commercial Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Commercial Commercial Real Estate Total Pass $ 57,040 $ 131,985 $ 189,025 Special Mention 171 1,248 1,419 Substandard 2,004 9,889 11,893 Total $ 59,215 $ 143,122 $ 202,337 Business Banking Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Business Banking Total Non-classified $ 47,983 $ 47,983 Classified 3,299 3,299 Total $ 51,282 $ 51,282 Consumer Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Indirect Home Equity Direct Total Performing $ 12,250 $ 53,251 $ 3,216 $ 68,717 Nonperforming 59 355 42 456 Total $ 12,309 $ 53,606 $ 3,258 $ 69,173 Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Residential Mortgage Total Performing $ 204,276 $ 204,276 Nonperforming 3,013 3,013 Total $ 207,289 $ 207,289 Credit Quality Indicators As of December 31, 2015 (In thousands) ORIGINATED Commercial Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Commercial Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Agricultural Real Estate Total Pass $ 604,405 $ 1,144,832 $ 33,565 $ 27,320 $ 1,810,122 Special Mention 9,726 21,587 311 429 32,053 Substandard 30,187 28,478 740 1,469 60,874 Doubtful - - 8 - 8 Total $ 644,318 $ 1,194,897 $ 34,624 $ 29,218 $ 1,903,057 Business Banking Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Business Banking Total Non-classified $ 386,397 $ 386,397 Classified 14,524 14,524 Total $ 400,921 $ 400,921 Total Consumer Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Indirect Home Equity Direct Total Performing $ 1,473,193 $ 459,540 $ 59,177 $ 1,991,910 Nonperforming 4,057 5,175 77 9,309 Total $ 1,477,250 $ 464,715 $ 59,254 $ 2,001,219 Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Residential Mortgage Total Performing $ 958,013 $ 958,013 Nonperforming 8,409 8,409 Total $ 966,422 $ 966,422 Credit Quality Indicators As of December 31, 2015 (In thousands) ACQUIRED Commercial Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Commercial Commercial Real Estate Total Pass $ 67,241 $ 154,871 $ 222,112 Special Mention 802 2,174 2,976 Substandard 948 9,898 10,846 Total $ 68,991 $ 166,943 $ 235,934 Business Banking Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade: Business Banking Total Non-classified $ 46,032 $ 46,032 Classified 3,763 3,763 Total $ 49,795 $ 49,795 Consumer Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Indirect Home Equity Direct Total Performing $ 27,670 $ 63,270 $ 3,882 $ 94,822 Nonperforming 105 457 43 605 Total $ 27,775 $ 63,727 $ 3,925 $ 95,427 Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure By Payment Activity: Residential Mortgage Total Performing $ 227,448 $ 227,448 Nonperforming 2,910 2,910 Total $ 230,358 $ 230,358 Troubled Debt Restructured Loans The Company’s loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. Substantially all of these modifications included one or a combination of the following: an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; temporary reduction in the interest rate; or change in scheduled payment amount. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment based on the present value of the expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, except when the sole (remaining) source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, instead of discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. The following tables illustrate the recorded investment and number of modifications for modified loans, including the recorded investment in the loans prior to a modification and the recorded investment in the loans after restructuring for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands): Three months ended September 30, 2016 Number of contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Consumer Home Equity 10 $ 580 $ 556 Total Consumer 10 580 556 Residential Real Estate 4 230 126 Total Troubled Debt Restructurings 14 $ 810 $ 682 Three months ended September 30, 2015 Number of contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Consumer Home Equity 12 $ 863 $ 802 Total Consumer 12 863 802 Residential Real Estate 16 1,293 1,191 Total Troubled Debt Restructurings 28 $ 2,156 $ 1,993 Nine months ended September 30, 2016 Number of contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Consumer Home Equity 24 $ 1,690 $ 1,567 Total Consumer 24 1,690 1,567 Residential Real Estate 10 914 692 Total Troubled Debt Restructurings 34 $ 2,604 $ 2,259 Nine months ended September 30, 2015 Number of contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial Commercial 1 $ 1,250 $ 186 Business Banking 1 220 173 Total Commercial 2 1,470 359 Consumer Home Equity 43 3,321 3,017 Total Consumer 43 3,321 3,017 Residential Real Estate 32 3,066 2,854 Total Troubled Debt Restructurings 77 $ 7,857 $ 6,230 The following table illustrates the recorded investment and number of modifications for TDRs within the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 where a concession has been made and subsequently defa |