Loans | NOTE 4 LOANS Loan balances as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized below: (In Thousands) Loans: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Consumer Real Estate $ 525,178 $ 521,895 Agricultural Real Estate 227,455 223,791 Agricultural 127,670 132,560 Commercial Real Estate 1,304,400 1,337,766 Commercial and Industrial 256,051 254,935 Consumer 74,819 79,591 Other 26,776 30,136 2,542,349 2,580,674 Less: Net deferred loan fees and costs and other* ( 982 ) 517 2,541,367 2,581,191 Less: Allowance for credit losses ( 24,680 ) ( 25,024 ) Loans - Net $ 2,516,687 $ 2,556,167 *This chart contains fair value adjustments to the basis of derivatives in the amount of $ 969 thousand at March 31, 2024 and $ 2.7 million at December 31, 2023. Other loans primarily fund public improvements in the Bank’s service area. The distribution of fixed rate loans and variable rate loans by major loan category is as follows as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: (In Thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Fixed Variable Fixed Variable Consumer Real Estate $ 331,050 $ 194,128 $ 329,142 $ 192,753 Agricultural Real Estate 132,725 94,730 123,783 100,008 Agricultural 52,536 75,134 56,269 76,291 Commercial Real Estate 989,520 314,880 1,024,989 312,777 Commercial and Industrial 133,140 122,911 131,385 123,550 Consumer 74,757 62 79,526 65 Other 17,294 9,482 20,552 9,584 As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 one to four family residential mortgage loans amounting to $ 204.8 million and $ 210.9 million, respectively, and HELOC loans amounting to $ 11.6 million and $ 12.1 million, respectively, have been pledged as security for future loans and existing loans the Bank has received from the Federal Home Loan Bank. The Bank has also pledged eligible commercial real estate loans of $ 364.2 million and $ 158.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, to the FHLB. Unless listed separately, Other loans are included in the Commercial and Industrial category for the remainder of the tables in this Note 4. The following table represents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by portfolio classification of loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net of deferred loan fees and costs: (In Thousands) March 31, 2024 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Financing Receivables Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing Consumer Real Estate $ 996 $ 119 $ 283 $ 1,398 $ 523,845 $ 525,243 $ - Agricultural Real Estate - - 12,254 12,254 214,896 227,150 - Agricultural - 500 3,612 4,112 123,801 127,913 - Commercial Real Estate 66 - 180 246 1,301,735 1,301,981 - Commercial and Industrial 653 - 60 713 281,860 282,573 - Consumer 131 49 27 207 75,331 75,538 - Total $ 1,846 $ 668 $ 16,416 $ 18,930 $ 2,521,468 $ 2,540,398 $ - (In Thousands) December 31, 2023 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Financing Receivables Recorded Investment > Consumer Real Estate $ 1,914 $ 137 $ 670 $ 2,721 $ 519,187 $ 521,908 $ - Agricultural Real Estate - 3,429 55 3,484 219,995 223,479 - Agricultural - 1,132 2,977 4,109 128,654 132,763 - Commercial Real Estate 380 - 255 635 1,334,440 1,335,075 - Commercial and Industrial 145 - 199 344 284,550 284,894 - Consumer 218 37 26 281 80,072 80,353 - Total $ 2,657 $ 4,735 $ 4,182 $ 11,574 $ 2,566,898 $ 2,578,472 $ - The following tables present the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans by class of loans as of March 31, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023: (In Thousands) March 31, 2024 Nonaccrual Loans Past With No Due Over Allowance 89 Days for Credit Loss Nonaccrual Still Accruing Consumer Real Estate $ 1,347 $ 1,594 $ - Agricultural Real Estate 60 12,259 - Agricultural 4,112 4,406 - Commercial Real Estate 180 555 - Commercial & Industrial 428 501 - Consumer 76 76 - Total $ 6,203 $ 19,391 $ - (In Thousands) December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual Loans Past With No Due Over Allowance 89 Days for Credit Loss Nonaccrual Still Accruing Consumer Real Estate $ 1,006 $ 1,190 $ - Agricultural Real Estate 15,949 15,949 - Agricultural 4,671 4,671 - Commercial Real Estate 254 254 - Commercial & Industrial 198 198 - Consumer 91 91 - Total $ 22,169 $ 22,353 $ - One borrower relationship resulted in a decrease to nonaccrual totals of $ 3.7 million in the agricultural real estate portfolio as compared to December 31, 2023 . The Company recognized $ 22 thousand and $ 61 thousand of interest income on nonaccrual loans for the three months ending March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Following are the characteristics and underwriting criteria for each major type of loan the Bank offers: Consumer Real Estate: Purchase, refinance, or equity financing of one to four family owner occupied dwelling. Success in repayment is subject to borrower’s income, debt level, character in fulfilling payment obligations, employment, and others. Agricultural Real Estate: Purchase of farm real estate or for permanent improvements to the farm real estate. Cash flow from the farm operation is the repayment source and is therefore subject to the financial success of the farm operation. Agricultural: Loans for the production and housing of crops, fruits, vegetables, and livestock or to fund the purchase or re-finance of capital assets such as machinery and equipment and livestock. The production of crops and livestock is especially vulnerable to commodity prices and weather. The vulnerability to commodity prices is offset by the farmer’s ability to hedge their position by the use of the future contracts. The risk related to weather is often mitigated by requiring crop insurance. Commercial Real Estate: Construction, purchase, and refinance of business purpose real estate. Risks include potential construction delays and overruns, vacancies, collateral value subject to market value fluctuations, interest rate, market demands, borrower’s ability to repay in orderly fashion, and others. The Bank does employ stress testing on higher balance loans to mitigate risk by ensuring the customer’s ability to repay in a changing rate environment before granting loan approval. Commercial and Industrial: Loans to proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations to provide temporary working capital and seasonal loans as well as long term loans for capital asset acquisition. Risks include adequacy of cash flow, reasonableness of projections, financial leverage, economic trends, management ability and estimated capital expenditures during the fiscal year. The Bank does employ stress testing on higher balance loans to mitigate risk by ensuring the customer's ability to repay in a changing rate environment before granting loan approval. Consumer: Funding for individual and family purposes. Success in repayment is subject to borrower’s income, debt level, character in fulfilling payment obligations, employment, and other factors. Other: Primarily funds public improvements in the Bank’s service area. Repayment ability is based on the continuance of the taxation revenue as the source of repayment. The Bank uses a nine tier risk rating system to grade its loans. The grade of a loan may change during the life of the loan. The risk ratings are described as follows. 1. Zero (0) Unclassified. Any loan which has not been assigned a classification. 2. One (1) Excellent. Credit to premier customers having the highest credit rating based on an extremely strong financial condition, which compares favorably with industry standards (upper quartile of RMA ratios). Financial statements indicate a sound earnings and financial ratio trend for several years with satisfactory profit margins and excellent liquidity exhibited. Prime credits may also be borrowers with loans fully secured by highly liquid collateral such as traded stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, savings account, etc. No credit or collateral exceptions exist, and the loan adheres to The Bank's loan policy in every respect. Financing alternatives would be readily available and would qualify for unsecured credit. This rate is summarized by high liquidity, minimum risk, strong ratios, and low handling costs. 3. Two (2) Good. Desirable loans of somewhat less stature than rate 1, but with strong financial statements. Loan supported by financial statements containing strong balance sheets and a history of profitability. Probability of serious financial deterioration is unlikely. Possessing a sound repayment source (and a secondary source), which would allow repayment in a reasonable period of time. Individual loans backed by liquid personal assets, established history and unquestionable character. 4. Three (3) Satisfactory. Satisfactory loans of average or slightly above average risk – having some deficiency or vulnerability to changing economic conditions, but still fully collectible. Projects should normally demonstrate acceptable debt service coverage. There may be some weakness but with offsetting features of other support readily available. Loans that are meeting the terms of repayment. Loans may be rated 3 when there is no recent information on which to base a current risk evaluation and the following conditions apply: At inception, the loan was properly underwritten and did not possess an unwarranted level of credit risk; a. At inception, the loan was secured with collateral possessing a loan-to-value adequate to protect The Bank from loss; b. The loan exhibited two or more years of satisfactory repayment with a reasonable reduction of the principal balance; c. During the period that the loan has been outstanding, there has been no evidence of any credit weakness. Some examples of weakness include slow payment, lack of cooperation by the borrower, breach of loan covenants, or the business is in an industry which is known to be experiencing problems. If any of these credit weaknesses is observed, a lower risk rating is warranted. 5. Four (4) Satisfactory / Monitored. A “4” (Satisfactory/Monitored) risk rating may be established for a loan considered satisfactory but which is of average credit risk due to financial weakness or uncertainty. The loans warrant a higher than average level of monitoring to ensure that weaknesses do not advance. The level of risk in Satisfactory/Monitored classification is considered acceptable and within normal underwriting guidelines, so long as the loan is given management supervision. 6. Five (5) Special Mention. Loans that possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which deserve close attention, but which do not yet warrant substandard classification. Such loans pose unwarranted financial risk that, if not corrected, could weaken the loan and increase risk in the future. The key distinctions of a 5 (Special Mention) classification are that (1) it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk, and (2) weaknesses are considered “potential” versus “defined” impairments to the primary source of loan repayment and collateral. 7. Six (6) Substandard. One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified substandard: a. Loans which possess a defined credit weakness and the likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source are uncertain. Financial deterioration is underway and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss. b. Loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower. c. The primary source of repayment is weakened, and The Bank is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment such as collateral liquidation or guarantees. d. Loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that The Bank will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. e. Unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment. f. The borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, continues to make interest payments. g. The lender is forced into a subordinate position or unsecured collateral position due to flaws in documentation. h. Loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms. i. The lender is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration in the loan. j. There is significant deterioration in the market conditions and the borrower is highly vulnerable to these conditions. 8. Seven (7) Doubtful. One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified Doubtful: a. Loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. Additionally, however, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full based on existing conditions improbable. b. The primary source of repayment is gone, and there is considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary source of repayment. c. The possibility of loss is high, but, because of certain important pending factors which may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until its exact status is known. A Doubtful classification is established deferring the realization of the loss. 9. Eight (8) Loss. Loans are considered uncollectable and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets on the institution’s financial statements is not feasible. Loans will be classified Loss when it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future. The following table represents the risk category of loans by portfolio class and year of origination, net of deferred fees and costs, based on the most recent analysis performed as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: (In Thousands) March 31, 2024 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Term Amortized Grand 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Total Cost Basis Total Consumer Real Estate Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 7,730 $ 70,715 $ 87,343 $ 95,907 $ 204,574 $ 466,269 $ 54,250 $ 520,519 Special Mention (5) - 1,221 39 419 265 1,944 131 2,075 Substandard (6) - - 256 688 1,705 2,649 - 2,649 Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Consumer Real Estate $ 7,730 $ 71,936 $ 87,638 $ 97,014 $ 206,544 $ 470,862 $ 54,381 $ 525,243 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 10 $ 10 $ - $ 10 Agricultural Real Estate Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 12,965 $ 29,399 $ 36,136 $ 24,112 $ 109,568 $ 212,180 $ 92 $ 212,272 Special Mention (5) - 904 1,348 20 149 2,421 - 2,421 Substandard (6) - - - 12,196 261 12,457 - 12,457 Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Agricultural Real Estate $ 12,965 $ 30,303 $ 37,484 $ 36,328 $ 109,978 $ 227,058 $ 92 $ 227,150 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Agricultural Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 2,374 $ 14,989 $ 16,672 $ 7,781 $ 9,122 $ 50,938 $ 71,052 $ 121,990 Special Mention (5) - 400 661 114 - 1,175 330 1,505 Substandard (6) - 513 634 1,773 - 2,920 1,498 4,418 Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Agricultural $ 2,374 $ 15,902 $ 17,967 $ 9,668 $ 9,122 $ 55,033 $ 72,880 $ 127,913 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - (In Thousands) March 31, 2024 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Term Amortized Grand 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Total Cost Basis Total Commercial Real Estate Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 11,583 $ 208,713 $ 431,087 $ 231,103 $ 362,013 $ 1,244,499 $ - $ 1,244,499 Special Mention (5) - 34,856 8,978 1,594 10,646 56,074 - 56,074 Substandard (6) - - - - 1,408 1,408 - 1,408 Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Commercial Real Estate $ 11,583 $ 243,569 $ 440,065 $ 232,697 $ 374,067 $ 1,301,981 $ - $ 1,301,981 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial & Industrial Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 9,116 $ 55,315 $ 48,352 $ 19,655 $ 21,103 $ 153,541 $ 94,389 $ 247,930 Special Mention (5) 533 941 109 205 736 2,524 4,423 6,947 Substandard (6) - 90 20 - 190 300 576 876 Doubtful (7) - - - - 44 44 - 44 Total Commercial & Industrial $ 9,649 $ 56,346 $ 48,481 $ 19,860 $ 22,073 $ 156,409 $ 99,388 $ 255,797 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 101 $ 101 $ - $ 101 Other Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ - $ - $ - $ 16,604 $ 10,172 $ 26,776 $ - $ 26,776 Special Mention (5) - - - - - - - - Substandard (6) - - - - - - - - Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Other $ - $ - $ - $ 16,604 $ 10,172 $ 26,776 $ - $ 26,776 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - (In Thousands) December 31, 2023 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Term Amortized Grand 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Cost Basis Total Consumer Real Estate Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 77,298 $ 88,695 $ 90,139 $ 82,680 $ 126,596 $ 465,408 $ 52,904 $ 518,312 Special Mention (5) 1,228 40 - - 134 1,402 - 1,402 Substandard (6) - 261 558 163 1,198 2,180 14 2,194 Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Consumer Real Estate $ 78,526 $ 88,996 $ 90,697 $ 82,843 $ 127,928 $ 468,990 $ 52,918 $ 521,908 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Agricultural Real Estate Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 30,504 $ 37,199 $ 25,168 $ 25,874 $ 87,107 $ 205,852 $ 97 $ 205,949 Special Mention (5) - 861 14 - 508 1,383 - 1,383 Substandard (6) - - 12,196 186 3,765 16,147 - 16,147 Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Agricultural Real Estate $ 30,504 $ 38,060 $ 37,378 $ 26,060 $ 91,380 $ 223,382 $ 97 $ 223,479 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Agricultural Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 17,787 $ 20,330 $ 8,356 $ 4,476 $ 5,736 $ 56,685 $ 69,824 $ 126,509 Special Mention (5) 38 621 112 - - 771 330 1,101 Substandard (6) 514 634 2,009 498 - 3,655 1,498 5,153 Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Agricultural $ 18,339 $ 21,585 $ 10,477 $ 4,974 $ 5,736 $ 61,111 $ 71,652 $ 132,763 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - (In Thousands) December 31, 2023 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Term Amortized Grand 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Cost Basis Total Commercial Real Estate Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 224,232 $ 438,716 $ 245,273 $ 122,656 $ 235,603 $ 1,266,480 $ - $ 1,266,480 Special Mention (5) 34,864 9,100 - 10,793 12,968 67,725 - 67,725 Substandard (6) - - - - 795 795 - 795 Doubtful (7) - - - 75 - 75 - 75 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 259,096 $ 447,816 $ 245,273 $ 133,524 $ 249,366 $ 1,335,075 $ - $ 1,335,075 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial & Industrial Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 56,224 $ 51,663 $ 24,876 $ 20,071 $ 3,074 $ 155,908 $ 90,018 $ 245,926 Special Mention (5) 716 69 211 146 794 1,936 6,016 7,952 Substandard (6) 74 454 - - 48 576 122 698 Doubtful (7) - - - 182 - 182 - 182 Total Commercial & Industrial $ 57,014 $ 52,186 $ 25,087 $ 20,399 $ 3,916 $ 158,602 $ 96,156 $ 254,758 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ 565 $ - $ 565 $ - $ 565 Other Risk Rating Pass (1-4) $ 2,810 $ - $ 16,761 $ 5,790 $ 4,775 $ 30,136 $ - $ 30,136 Special Mention (5) - - - - - - - - Substandard (6) - - - - - - - - Doubtful (7) - - - - - - - - Total Other $ 2,810 $ - $ 16,761 $ 5,790 $ 4,775 $ 30,136 $ - $ 30,136 Gross charge-offs YTD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - For consumer residential real estate, and other, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, as was previously stated, and by payment activity. The following tables present the recorded investment in those classes based on payment activity and assigned risk grading as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by year of origination. (In Thousands) March 31, 2024 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Term Amortized Grand 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Total Cost Basis Total Consumer Payment Performance Performing $ 3,480 $ 19,510 $ 37,299 $ 9,130 $ 6,003 $ 75,422 $ 39 $ 75,461 Nonperforming - - 70 - 7 77 - 77 Total Consumer $ 3,480 $ 19,510 $ 37,369 $ 9,130 $ 6,010 $ 75,499 $ 39 $ 75,538 Gross charge-offs YTD $ 48 $ 17 $ 6 $ 10 $ - $ 81 $ - $ 81 (In Thousands) December 31, 2023 Revolving Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Term Amortized Grand 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Cost Basis Total Consumer Payment Performance Performing $ 21,511 $ 40,729 $ 10,666 $ 5,006 $ 2,305 $ 80,217 $ 44 $ 80,261 Nonperforming 26 58 - 6 2 92 - 92 Total Consumer $ 21,537 $ 40,787 $ 10,666 $ 5,012 $ 2,307 $ 80,309 $ 44 $ 80,353 Gross charge-offs YTD $ 236 $ 51 $ 100 $ 38 $ - $ 425 $ - $ 425 The following tables present collateral-dependent loans grouped by collateral as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: (In Thousands) March 31, 2024 Collateral Dependent Loans Consumer Real Estate $ 1,949 Agricultural Real Estate 12,003 Agricultural 4,312 Commercial Real Estate 539 Commercial & Industrial 46 Consumer - Total $ 18,849 (In Thousands) December 31, 2023 Collateral Dependent Loans Consumer Real Estate $ 1,518 Agricultural Real Estate 15,888 Agricultural 4,998 Commercial Real Estate 255 Commercial & Industrial 17 Consumer - Total $ 22,676 Modification programs focus on payment pattern changes and/or modified maturity dates with most receiving a combination of the two concessions. The modifications normally do not result in the contractual forgiveness of principal. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 , there were no new loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. One modified loan previous to 2024 was paid off during the first quarter of 2024. One modification completed prior to 2024 was paid off during the first quarter of 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 , there were no modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that subsequently defaulted after modification. For the majority of the Bank’s collateral dependent loans, the Bank applied the fair value of collateral or used a measurement incorporating the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate of interest. To determine fair value of collateral, collateral asset values securing a collateral dependent loan were periodically evaluated. Maximum time of re-evaluation was every 12 months for chattels and titled vehicles and every two years for real estate. In this process, third party evaluations were obtained. Until such time that updated appraisals were received, the Bank may have discounted the collateral value used. The Bank used the following guidelines as stated in policy to determine when to realize a charge-off, whether a partial or full loan balance. A charge-off in whole or in part was realized when unsecured consumer loans and overdraft lines of credit reached 90 days delinquency. At 90 days delinquent, secured consumer loans were charged down to the value of the collateral, if repossession of the collateral was assured and/or in the process of repossession. Consumer mortgage loan deficiencies were charged down upon the sale of the collateral or sooner upon the recognition of collateral deficiency. A broker’s price opinion or appraisal was completed on all home loans in litigation and any deficiency was charged off before reaching 150 days delinquent. Commercial and agricultural credits were charged down/allocated at 120 days delinquency, unless an established and approved work-out plan was in place or litigation of the credit was likely to result in recovery of the loan balance. Upon notification of bankruptcy, unsecured debt was charged off. Additional charge-off was realized as further unsecured positions were recognized. As of March 31, 2024 , the Company had no foreclosed residential real estate property obtained by physical possession and $ 270 thousand of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local jurisdictions. This compares to the Company having no foreclosed residential real estate property obtained by physical possession and $ 679 thousand of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceeding were in process according to local jurisdictions as of December 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023 , the Company had no foreclosed residential real estate property obtained by physical possession and $ 52 thousand of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local jurisdictions. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13 - "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" and implemented the current expected credit losses accounting standard. As a result, the Company recorded a one-time adjustment from equity into the allowance for credit losses for loan losses and unfunded commitment liability in the amount of $ 4.5 million, or $ 3.4 million, net of tax. Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) has a direct impact on the provision expense. An increase in the ACL is funded through recoveries and provision expense. The Company segregates its allowance into two reserves: The Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) and the Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit (AULC). When combined, these reserves constitute the total Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL). The allowance does not include an accretable yield of $ 3.5 million and $ 4.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to the acquisitions of Bank of Geneva in 2019 and Ossian State Bank and Perpetual Federal Savings Bank in 2021 and Peoples Federal Savings and Loan Bank in 2022 as previously discussed in Note 2. The AULC is reported within other liabilities while the ACL portion associated with loans is netted within the loans, net asset line on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following tables break down the activity within ACL for each loan portfolio classification and shows the contribution provided by both the recoveries and the provision along with the reduction of the allowance caused by charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 in addition to the ending balances as of December 31, 2023: (In Thousands) Consumer Agricultural Agricultural Commercial Commercial Consumer Total Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Beginning balance $ 3,581 $ 312 $ 336 $ 17,400 $ 2,093 $ 1,302 $ 25,024 Provision for credit losses - loans ( 290 ) 859 41 ( 1,450 ) 674 ( 123 ) ( 289 ) Charge-offs ( 10 ) - - - ( 101 ) ( 81 ) ( 192 ) Recoveries 4 - - 3 66 64 137 Ending Balance $ 3,285 $ 1,171 $ 377 $ 15,953 $ 2,732 $ 1,162 $ 24,680 (In Thousands) Consumer Agricultural Agricultural Commercial Commercial Consumer Total Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Beginning balance $ 998 $ 349 $ 751 $ 11,924 $ 5,382 $ 909 $ 20,313 Adoption of ASU 2016-13 2,874 ( 166 ) ( 650 ) 3,501 ( 2,165 ) 170 3,564 Provision for credit losses - loans ( 256 ) 26 ( 35 ) 661 191 230 817 Charge-offs - - - - - ( 122 ) ( 122 ) Recoveries 7 - - 2 6 47 62 Ending Balance $ 3,623 $ 209 $ 66 $ 16,088 $ 3,414 $ 1,234 $ 24,634 (In Thousands) Consumer Agricultural Agricultural Commercial Commercial Consumer Total Year Ended December 31, 2023 ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Beginning balance $ 998 $ 349 $ 751 $ 11,924 $ 5,382 $ 909 $ 20,313 Adoption of ASU 2016-13 2,874 ( 166 ) ( 650 ) 3,501 ( 2,165 ) 170 3,564 Provision for credit losses - loans ( 326 ) 24 225 1,967 ( 643 ) 451 1,698 Charge-offs - - - - ( 565 ) ( 425 ) ( 990 ) Recoveries 35 105 10 8 84 197 439 Ending Balance $ 3,581 $ 312 $ 336 $ 17,400 $ 2,093 $ 1,302 $ 25,024 The following tables break down the activity in the AULC for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 in addition to the ending balances as of December 31, 2023: (In Thousands) Unfunded Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 ALLOWANCE FOR UNFUNDED LOAN COMMITMENTS AND LETTERS OF CREDIT Beginning balance $ 2,212 Provision for credit losses - off balance sheet credit exposures ( 266 ) Charge-offs - Recoveries - Ending Balance $ 1,946 (In Thousands) Unfunded Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 ALLOWANCE FOR UNFUNDED LOAN COMMITMENTS AND LETTERS OF CREDIT Beginning balance $ 1,262 Adoption of ASU 2016-13 904 Provision for credit losses - off balance sheet credit exposures 62 Charge-offs - Recoveries - Ending Balance $ 2,228 (In Thousands) Unfunded Year Ended December 31, 2023 ALLOWANCE FOR UNFUNDED LOAN COMMITMENTS AND LETTERS OF CREDIT Beginning balance $ 1,262 Adoption of ASU 2016-13 904 Provision for credit losses - off balance sheet credit exposures 46 Charge-offs - Recoveries - Ending Balance $ 2,212 |