Loans | Note 4 – Loans The Company had $1.2 million in loans held for sale at December 31, 2015 as compared to $459 thousand in loans held for sale at December 31, 2014. Due to materiality, these loans are included in the Consumer Real Estate and Agricultural Real Estate loan categories at the lower of cost or market. Loans at December 31 are summarized below: (In Thousands) Loans: 2015 2014 Consumer Real Estate $ 88,189 $ 97,550 Agricultural Real Estate 58,525 50,895 Agricultural 82,654 74,611 Commercial Real Estate 322,762 270,188 Commercial and Industrial 100,125 100,126 Consumer 27,770 24,277 Industrial Development Bonds 6,491 4,698 $ 686,516 $ 622,345 Less: Net deferred loan fees and costs (638 ) (419 ) 685,878 621,926 Less: Allowance for loan losses (6,057 ) (5,905 ) Loans - Net $ 679,821 $ 616,021 Following are the characteristics and underwriting criteria for each major type of loan the Bank offers: Commercial Real Estate: Construction, purchase, and refinance of business purpose real estate. Risks include loan amount in relation to construction delays and overruns, vacancies, collateral value subject to market value fluctuations, interest rate, market demands, borrower’s ability to repay in orderly fashion, and others. The Bank does employ stress testing on higher balance loans to mitigate risk by ensuring the customer’s ability to repay in a changing rate environment before granting loan approval. Agricultural Real Estate: Purchase of farm real estate or for permanent improvements to the farm real estate. Cash flow from the farm operation is the repayment source and is therefore subject to the financial success of the farm operation. Consumer Real Estate: Purchase, refinance, or equity financing of one to four family owner occupied dwelling. Success in repayment is subject to borrower’s income, debt level, character in fulfilling payment obligations, employment, and others. Commercial and Industrial: Loans to proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations to provide temporary working capital and seasonal loans as well as long term loans for capital asset acquisition. Risks include adequacy of cash flow, reasonableness of profit projections, financial leverage, economic trends, management ability, and others. The Bank does employ stress testing on higher balance loans to mitigate risk by ensuring the customer’s ability to repay in a changing rate environment before granting loan approval. Agricultural: Loans for the production and housing of crops, fruits, vegetables, and livestock or to fund the purchase or re-finance of capital assets such as machinery and equipment, and livestock. The production of crops and livestock is especially vulnerable to commodity prices and weather. The vulnerability to commodity prices is offset by the farmer’s ability to hedge their position by the use of future contracts. The risk related to weather is often mitigated by requiring federal crop insurance. Consumer: Funding for individual and family purposes. Success in repayment is subject to borrower’s income, debt level, character in fulfilling payment obligations, employment, and others. Industrial Development Bonds (IDB): Funds for public improvements in the Bank’s service area. Repayment ability is based on the continuance of the taxation revenue as the source of repayment. The following is a maturity schedule by major category of loans at December 31, 2015: (In Thousands) Within After One After Total Consumer Real Estate $ 1,270 $ 11,486 $ 75,433 $ 88,189 Agricultural Real Estate 1,073 3,300 54,152 58,525 Agricultural 52,939 24,239 5,476 82,654 Commercial Real Estate 13,030 70,699 239,033 322,762 Commercial and Industrial 45,971 34,791 19,363 100,125 Consumer 5,480 17,228 5,062 27,770 Industrial Development Bonds 1,300 185 5,006 6,491 $ 121,063 $ 161,928 $ 403,525 $ 686,516 The distribution of fixed rate loans and variable rate loans by major loan category is as follows as of December 31, 2015: (In Thousands) Fixed Variable Consumer Real Estate $ 54,940 $ 33,249 Agricultural Real Estate 42,480 16,045 Agricultural 47,305 35,349 Commercial Real Estate 206,383 116,379 Commercial and Industrial loans 54,669 45,456 Consumer, Master Card and Overdrafts 23,305 4,465 Industrial Development Bonds 6,350 141 As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 one to four family residential mortgage loans amounting to $20.0 million and $20.8 million, respectively, have been pledged as security for loans the Bank has received from the Federal Home Loan Bank. Industrial Development Bonds are included in the commercial and industrial category for the remainder of the tables in this Note 4, unless specifically noted separately. The following table represents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by portfolio classification of loans as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, net of deferred loan fees and costs: December 31, 2015 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Greater Than Total Current Total Recorded Consumer Real Estate $ 303 $ 47 $ 357 $ 707 $ 87,240 $ 87,947 $ — Agricultural Real Estate — — 162 162 58,301 58,463 — Agricultural — 145 — 145 82,617 82,762 — Commercial Real Estate 236 — 841 1,077 321,153 322,230 — Commercial and Industrial 51 — 20 71 106,618 106,689 — Consumer 19 9 — 28 27,759 27,787 — Total $ 609 $ 201 $ 1,380 $ 2,190 $ 683,688 $ 685,878 $ — December 31, 2014 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Greater Than Total Current Total Recorded Consumer Real Estate $ 713 $ 50 $ 436 $ 1,199 $ 96,351 $ 97,550 $ — Agricultural Real Estate — — — — 50,895 50,895 — Agricultural 25 — — 25 74,586 74,611 — Commercial Real Estate 78 204 709 991 269,197 270,188 — Commercial and Industrial — 8 — 8 104,816 104,824 — Consumer 25 8 29 62 23,796 23,858 — Total $ 841 $ 270 $ 1,174 $ 2,285 $ 619,641 $ 621,926 $ — The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans by portfolio class of loans as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014: (In Thousands) 2015 2014 Consumer real estate $ 1,155 $ 628 Agricultural real estate 162 — Agriculture — — Commercial real estate 484 709 Commercial 202 339 Consumer 38 29 Total $ 2,041 $ 1,705 The Bank uses a nine tier risk rating system to grade its loans. The grade of a loan may change during the life of the loan. The risk ratings are described as follows. 1. Zero (0) Unclassified. Any loan which has not been assigned a classification. 2. One (1) Excellent. Credit to premier customers having the highest credit rating based on an extremely strong financial condition, which compares favorably with industry standards (upper quartile of The Risk Management Association ratios). Financial statements indicate a sound earnings and financial ratio trend for several years with satisfactory profit margins and excellent liquidity exhibited. Prime credits may also be borrowers with loans fully secured by highly liquid collateral such as traded stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, savings account, etc. No credit or collateral exceptions exist and the loan adheres to the Bank’s loan policy in every respect. Financing alternatives would be readily available and would qualify for unsecured credit. This grade is summarized by high liquidity, minimum risk, strong ratios, and low handling costs. 3. Two (2) Good. Desirable loans of somewhat less stature than Grade 1, but with strong financial statements. Loan supported by financial statements containing strong balance sheets, generally with a leverage position less than 1.50, and a history of profitability. Probability of serious financial deterioration is unlikely. Possessing a sound repayment source (and a secondary source), which would allow repayment in a reasonable period of time. Individual loans backed by liquid personal assets, established history and unquestionable character. 4. Three (3) Satisfactory. Satisfactory loans of average or slightly above average risk – having some deficiency or vulnerability to changing economic conditions, but still fully collectible. Projects should normally demonstrate acceptable debt service coverage. Generally, customers should have a leverage position less than 2.00. May be some weakness but with offsetting features of other support readily available. Loans are meeting the terms of repayment. Loans may be graded 3 when there is no recent information on which to base a current risk evaluation and the following conditions apply: At inception, the loan was properly underwritten and did not possess an unwarranted level of credit risk; a. At inception, the loan was secured with collateral possessing a loan value adequate to protect the Bank from loss; b. The loan exhibited two or more years of satisfactory repayment with a reasonable reduction of the principal balance; c. During the period that the loan has been outstanding, there has been no evidence of any credit weakness. Some examples of weakness include slow payment, lack of cooperation by the borrower, breach of loan covenants, or the business is in an industry which is known to be experiencing problems. If any of the credit weaknesses is observed, a lower risk grade is warranted. 5. Four (4) Satisfactory / Monitored. A “4” (Satisfactory/Monitored) risk grade may be established for a loan considered satisfactory but which is of average credit risk due to financial weakness or uncertainty. The loans warrant a higher than average level of monitoring to ensure that weaknesses do not advance. The level of risk in Satisfactory/Monitored classification is considered acceptable and within normal underwriting guidelines, so long as the loan is given management supervision. 6. Five (5) Special Mention. Loans that possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which deserves close attention, but which do not yet warrant substandard classification. Such loans pose unwarranted financial risk that, if not corrected, could weaken the loan and increase risk in the future. The key distinctions of a 5 (Special Mention) classification are that (1) it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk, and (2) weaknesses are considered “potential”, versus “defined”, impairments to the primary source of loan repayment and collateral. 7. Six (6) Substandard. One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified substandard: a. Loans, which possess a defined credit weakness and the likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source, are uncertain. Financial deterioration is underway and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss b. Loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower. c. The primary source of repayment is weakened, and the Bank is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment such as collateral liquidation or guarantees. d. Loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. e. Unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment. f. The borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, continues to make interest payments. g. The lender is forced into a subordinate position or unsecured collateral position due to flaws in documentation. h. Loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms. i. The lender is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration in the loan j. There is significant deterioration in the market conditions and the borrower is highly vulnerable to these conditions. 8. Seven (7) Doubtful. One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified Doubtful: a. Loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. Additionally, however, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full based on existing conditions improbable. b. The primary source of repayment is gone, and there is considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary source of repayment. c. The possibility of loss is high, but, because of certain important pending factors which may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until its exact status is known. A Doubtful classification is established deferring the realization of the loss. 9. Eight (8) Loss. Loans are considered uncollectable and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets on the institution’s financial statements is not feasible. Loans will be classified Loss when it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future. The following table represents the risk category of loans by portfolio class, net of deferred fees, based on the most recent analysis performed as of the time periods shown of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. (In Thousands) Agricultural Real Estate Agricultural Commercial Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Development 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 1-2 $ 5,841 $ 4,319 $ 12,025 $ 11,490 $ 597 $ 1,072 $ 261 $ 1,771 $ — $ — 3 16,593 15,780 21,247 26,871 24,264 34,229 22,300 15,582 3,100 4,289 4 35,475 30,472 49,220 36,225 293,381 225,015 76,855 80,079 3,391 409 5 192 111 250 — 1,738 7,083 57 2,299 — — 6 362 213 — — 1,828 2,080 543 165 — — 7 — — 20 25 422 709 182 230 — — 8 — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 58,463 $ 50,895 $ 82,762 $ 74,611 $ 322,230 $ 270,188 $ 100,198 $ 100,126 $ 6,491 $ 4,698 For consumer residential real estate, and other, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously stated, and by payment activity. The following tables present the recorded investment in those classes based on payment activity and assigned risk grading as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. (In Thousands) Consumer Real Estate 2015 2014 Grade Pass $ 87,292 $ 97,007 Special mention (5) 48 — Substandard (6) 332 446 Doubtful (7) 275 97 Total $ 87,947 $ 97,550 Consumer - Credit Card Consumer - Other 2015 2014 2015 2014 Performing $ 3,901 $ 3,987 $ 23,863 $ 19,846 Nonperforming — — 23 25 Total, net of deferred fees $ 3,901 $ 3,987 $ 23,886 $ 19,871 Information about impaired loans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows: (In Thousands) 2015 2014 Impaired loans without a valuation allowance $ 1,257 $ 675 Impaired loans with a valuation allowance 879 1,168 Total impaired loans $ 2,136 $ 1,843 Valuation allowance related to impaired loans $ 330 $ 387 Total non-accrual loans $ 2,041 $ 1,705 Total loans past-due ninety days or more and still accruing $ — $ — (In Thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Average investment in impaired loans $ 2,509 $ 1,929 $ 3,274 Interest income recognized on impaired loans $ 96 $ 87 $ 60 Interest income recognized on a cash basis on impaired loans $ 60 $ 51 $ 17 No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans. The Bank had approximately $1.1 million of its impaired loans classified as trouble debt restructured as of December 31, 2015 as compared to $797.2 thousand of its impaired loans classified as trouble debt restructured as of December 31, 2014. The following table represents the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. December 31, 2015 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Pre- Post- December 31, 2014 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Pre- Post- Commercial Real Estate 1 $ 528 $ 430 Commercial Real Estate 0 $ — $ — Commercial and Industrial 1 25 24 Commercial and Industrial 0 — — For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no TDRs that subsequently defaulted after modification. For the majority of the Bank’s impaired loans, the Bank will apply the observable market price methodology. However, the Bank may also utilize a measurement incorporating the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate of interest. To determine observable market price, collateral asset values securing an impaired loan are periodically evaluated. Maximum time of re-evaluation is every 12 months for chattels and titled vehicles and every two years for real estate. In this process, third party evaluations are obtained and heavily relied upon. Until such time that updated appraisals are received, the Bank may discount the collateral value used. The Bank uses the following guidelines as stated in policy to determine when to realize a charge-off, whether a partial or full loan balance. A charge down in whole or in part is realized when unsecured consumer loans, credit card credits and overdraft lines of credit reach 90 days delinquency. At 120 days delinquent, secured consumer loans are charged down to the value of the collateral, if repossession of the collateral is assured and/or in the process of repossession. Consumer mortgage loan deficiencies are charged down upon the sale of the collateral or sooner upon the recognition of collateral deficiency. Commercial and agricultural credits are charged down at 120 days delinquency, unless an established and approved work-out plan is in place or litigation of the credit will likely result in recovery of the loan balance. Upon notification of bankruptcy, unsecured debt is charged off. Additional charge-off may be realized as further unsecured positions are recognized. The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by portfolio class of loans as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: (In Thousands) Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest Interest 2015 With no related allowance recorded: Consumer real estate $ 156 $ 156 $ — $ 158 $ 5 $ 5 Agricultural real estate 63 63 — 120 — — Agricultural — — — — — — Commercial real estate 1,038 1,038 — 421 27 27 Commercial and Industrial — — — 429 27 — Consumer — — — — — — With a specific allowance recorded: Consumer real estate 275 323 64 181 7 6 Agricultural real estate — — — — — — Agricultural — — — — — — Commercial real estate 422 422 152 907 30 22 Commercial and Industrial 182 182 114 291 — — Consumer — — — 2 — — Totals: Consumer real estate $ 431 $ 479 $ 64 $ 339 $ 12 $ 11 Agricultural real estate $ 63 $ 63 $ — $ 120 $ — $ — Agricultural $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate $ 1,460 $ 1,460 $ 152 $ 1,328 $ 57 $ 49 Commercial and Industrial $ 182 $ 182 $ 114 $ 720 $ 27 $ — Consumer $ — $ — $ — $ 2 $ — $ — (In Thousands) Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest Interest 2014 With no related allowance recorded: Consumer real estate $ 204 $ 229 $ — $ 52 $ 1 $ 1 Agricultural real estate — — — 93 7 — Agricultural — — — — — — Commercial real estate 471 471 — 740 7 5 Commercial and Industrial — — — 319 45 18 Consumer — — — — — — With a specific allowance recorded: Consumer real estate 97 97 36 118 6 6 Agricultural real estate — — — 15 — — Agricultural 25 25 25 2 — — Commercial real estate 709 709 111 83 21 21 Commercial and Industrial 326 326 204 506 — — Consumer 11 11 11 1 — — Totals: Consumer real estate $ 301 $ 326 $ 36 $ 170 $ 7 $ 7 Agricultural real estate $ — $ — $ — $ 108 $ 7 $ — Agricultural $ 25 $ 25 $ 25 $ 2 $ — $ — Commercial real estate $ 1,180 $ 1,180 $ 111 $ 823 $ 28 $ 26 Commercial and Industrial $ 326 $ 326 $ 204 $ 825 $ 45 $ 18 Consumer $ 11 $ 11 $ 11 $ 1 $ — $ — On January 1, 2015, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-04, Receivables, - “Troubled Debt Restructuring by Creditors. As of December 31, 2015 the Company had $477 thousand of foreclosed residential real estate property obtained by physical possession and $425 thousand of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local jurisdictions. The ALLL has a direct impact on the provision expense. An increase in the ALLL is funded through recoveries and provision expense. The following tables summarize the activities in the allowance for credit losses. The following is an analysis of the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31: (In Thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Allowance for Loan Losses Balance at beginning of year $ 5,905 $ 5,194 $ 5,224 Provision for loan loss 625 1,191 858 Loans charged off (1,030 ) (778 ) (1,262 ) Recoveries 557 298 374 Balance at ending of year $ 6,057 $ 5,905 $ 5,194 Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments & Letters of Credit $ 208 $ 207 $ 163 Total Allowance for Credit Losses $ 6,265 $ 6,112 $ 5,357 The Company segregates its Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) into two reserves: The ALLL and the Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit (AULC). When combined, these reserves constitute the total Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL). The AULC is reported within other liabilities on the balance sheet while the ALLL is netted within the loans, net asset line. The ACL presented above represents the full amount of reserves available to absorb possible credit losses. The following table breaks down the activity within ALLL for each loan portfolio segment and shows the contribution provided by both the recoveries and the provision along with the reduction of the allowance caused by charge-offs. Additional analysis related to the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows: (In Thousands) Consumer Agricultural Agricultural Commercial Commercial Consumer Unfunded Unallocated Total 2015 ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES: Beginning balance $ 537 $ 184 $ 547 $ 2,367 $ 1,421 $ 323 $ 207 $ 526 $ 6,112 Charge Offs (38 ) — — (143 ) (536 ) (313 ) — — (1,030 ) Recoveries 41 — 64 204 91 157 — — 557 Provision (Credit) (202 ) 27 (29 ) 88 253 170 — 318 625 Other Non-interest expense related to unfunded — — — — — — 1 — 1 Ending Balance $ 338 $ 211 $ 582 $ 2,516 $ 1,229 $ 337 $ 208 $ 844 $ 6,265 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 64 $ — $ — $ 152 $ 114 $ — $ — $ — $ 330 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 274 $ 211 $ 582 $ 2,364 $ 1,115 $ 337 $ 208 $ 844 $ 5,935 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1 FINANCING RECEIVABLES: Ending balance $ 87,947 $ 58,463 $ 82,762 $ 322,230 $ 106,689 $ 27,787 $ — $ — $ 685,878 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 431 $ 63 $ — $ 1,460 $ 182 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,136 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 87,516 $ 58,400 $ 82,762 $ 320,770 $ 106,507 $ 27,787 $ — $ — $ 683,742 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ 507 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 507 Consumer Real Agricultural Agricultural Commercial Commercial and Consumer Unfunded Loan Unallocated Total ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES: Beginning balance $ 257 $ 131 $ 326 $ 2,107 $ 1,359 $ 292 $ 163 $ 722 $ 5,357 Charge Offs (168 ) — — (229 ) — (381 ) — — (778 ) Recoveries 34 — 44 4 20 196 — — 298 Provision (Credit) 414 53 177 485 42 216 — (196 ) 1,191 Other Non-interest expense related to unfunded — — — — — — 44 — 44 Ending Balance $ 537 $ 184 $ 547 $ 2,367 $ 1,421 $ 323 $ 207 $ 526 $ 6,112 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 36 $ — $ 25 $ 111 $ 204 $ 11 $ — $ — $ 387 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 501 $ 184 $ 522 $ 2,256 $ 1,217 $ 312 $ 207 $ 526 $ 5,725 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ 2 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 FINANCING RECEIVABLES: Ending balance $ 97,550 $ 50,895 $ 74,611 $ 270,188 $ 104,824 $ 23,858 $ — $ — $ 621,926 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 301 $ — $ 25 $ 1,179 $ 327 $ 11 $ — $ — $ 1,843 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 97,249 $ 50,895 $ 74,586 $ 269,009 $ 104,497 $ 23,847 $ — $ — $ 620,083 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ 526 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 526 |