Investments | NOTE 3. INVESTMENTS The following tables set forth our Company’s available-for-sale investments as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and include Other-than-temporary-impairment (“OTTI”) securities recognized within Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”): March 31, 2017 Gross Gross Cost or Fair Unrealized Unrealized Amortized amounts in thousands Value Gains (Losses) Cost Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury bonds, agency bonds and foreign government bonds $ 270,009 $ 2,110 $ (3,671 ) $ 271,570 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 604,912 13,772 (3,353 ) 594,493 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities: Agency mortgage-backed securities 468,255 3,858 (7,051 ) 471,448 Residential mortgage obligations 16,970 439 (37 ) 16,568 Asset-backed securities 331,567 1,470 (769 ) 330,866 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 147,353 2,670 (1,843 ) 146,526 Subtotal $ 964,145 $ 8,437 $ (9,700 ) $ 965,408 Corporate exposures 856,211 12,948 (3,741 ) 847,004 Total fixed maturities $ 2,695,277 $ 37,267 $ (20,465 ) $ 2,678,475 Equity securities: Common stocks $ 169,905 $ 29,474 $ (652 ) $ 141,083 Preferred stocks 192,309 7,702 (1,220 ) 185,827 Total Equity securities $ 362,214 $ 37,176 $ (1,872 ) $ 326,910 Short-term investments 123,846 50 — 123,796 Total investments $ 3,181,337 $ 74,493 $ (22,337 ) $ 3,129,181 December 31, 2016 Gross Gross Cost or Fair Unrealized Unrealized Amortized amounts in thousands Value Gains (Losses) Cost Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury bonds, agency bonds and foreign government bonds $ 273,776 $ 2,192 $ (5,128 ) $ 276,712 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 547,415 11,542 (4,036 ) 539,909 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities: Agency mortgage-backed securities 487,364 4,016 (6,585 ) 489,933 Residential mortgage obligations 20,530 453 (55 ) 20,132 Asset-backed securities 314,601 824 (1,178 ) 314,955 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 154,139 2,859 (1,904 ) 153,184 Subtotal $ 976,634 $ 8,152 $ (9,722 ) $ 978,204 Corporate exposures 838,057 10,185 (5,528 ) 833,400 Total fixed maturities $ 2,635,882 $ 32,071 $ (24,414 ) $ 2,628,225 Equity securities: Common stocks $ 164,087 $ 24,677 $ (964 ) $ 140,374 Preferred stocks 185,055 2,339 (4,821 ) 187,537 Total Equity securities $ 349,142 $ 27,016 $ (5,785 ) $ 327,911 Short-term investments 143,539 88 — 143,451 Total investments $ 3,128,563 $ 59,175 $ (30,199 ) $ 3,099,587 Corporate exposures consist of investments in corporate bonds, hybrid bonds and redeemable preferred stocks. During 2016, our Company made investments in certain companies, which are reported as Other invested assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and accounted for using the equity method. In applying the equity method, these investments are initially recorded at cost and are subsequently adjusted based on our Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of the investments. Our initial purchase price for these investments was $2.0 million with a current carrying value of $1.8 million at March 31, 2017 as reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our Company did not have a concentration of greater than 5% of invested assets in a single non-government backed issuer. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Fixed maturities for which non-credit OTTI was previously recognized and included in AOCI were in a net unrealized gain position of $0.4 million in each period. The fair value of our Company’s investment portfolio may fluctuate significantly in response to various factors such as changes in interest rates, investment quality ratings, equity prices, foreign exchange rates and credit spreads. Our Company does not have the intent to sell nor is it more likely than not that it will have to sell Fixed maturities in unrealized loss positions that are not other-than-temporarily impaired before recovery. For structured securities, default probability and severity assumptions differ based on property type, vintage and the stress of the collateral. Our Company does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that our Company will not be required to sell, these securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis. For Equity securities, our Company also considers our intent to hold securities as part of the process of evaluating whether a decline in fair value represents an other-than-temporary decline in value. Our Company may realize investment losses to the extent our liquidity needs require the disposition of Fixed maturity securities in unfavorable interest rate, liquidity or credit spread environments. Significant changes in the factors our Company considers when evaluating investments for impairment losses could result in a significant change in impairment losses reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The contractual maturity dates for Fixed maturities categorized by the number of years until maturity as of March 31, 2017 are shown in the following table: March 31, 2017 Fair Amortized amounts in thousands Value Cost Due in one year or less $ 173,505 $ 174,014 Due after one year through five years 732,625 730,523 Due after five years through ten years 321,037 315,580 Due after ten years 503,965 492,950 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 964,145 965,408 Total $ 2,695,277 $ 2,678,475 Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Prepayment assumptions associated with the mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are reviewed on a periodic basis. When changes in prepayment assumptions are deemed necessary as the result of actual prepayments differing from anticipated prepayments, securities are revalued based upon the new prepayment assumptions utilizing the retrospective accounting method. Due to the periodic repayment of principal, the mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are estimated to have an effective maturity of approximately 4.8 years. The following tables summarize all securities in a gross unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, showing the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by the length of time those securities have continuously been in a gross unrealized loss position: March 31, 2017 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized amounts in thousands Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury bonds, agency bonds and foreign government bonds $ 153,332 $ (2,275 ) $ 11,844 $ (1,396 ) $ 165,176 $ (3,671 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 120,372 (2,534 ) 17,706 (819 ) 138,078 (3,353 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities: Agency mortgage-backed securities 347,179 (6,622 ) 11,810 (429 ) 358,989 (7,051 ) Residential mortgage obligations 486 (5 ) 1,204 (32 ) 1,690 (37 ) Asset-backed securities 68,847 (708 ) 17,944 (61 ) 86,791 (769 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 51,336 (1,024 ) 6,385 (819 ) 57,721 (1,843 ) Subtotal $ 467,848 $ (8,359 ) $ 37,343 $ (1,341 ) $ 505,191 $ (9,700 ) Corporate exposures 269,427 (3,571 ) 21,901 (170 ) 291,328 (3,741 ) Total fixed maturities $ 1,010,979 $ (16,739 ) $ 88,794 $ (3,726 ) $ 1,099,773 $ (20,465 ) Equity securities: Common Stocks $ 28,586 $ (652 ) $ — $ — $ 28,586 $ (652 ) Preferred Stocks 42,470 (1,128 ) 2,557 (92 ) 45,027 (1,220 ) Total Equity securities $ 71,056 $ (1,780 ) $ 2,557 $ (92 ) $ 73,613 $ (1,872 ) Total fixed maturities and equity securities $ 1,082,035 $ (18,519 ) $ 91,351 $ (3,818 ) $ 1,173,386 $ (22,337 ) December 31, 2016 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized amounts in thousands Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Value (Losses) Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury bonds, agency bonds and foreign government bonds $ 150,891 $ (2,570 ) $ 16,819 $ (2,558 ) $ 167,710 $ (5,128 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 137,731 (3,111 ) 13,255 (925 ) 150,986 (4,036 ) Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities: Agency mortgage-backed securities 349,119 (6,155 ) 12,401 (430 ) 361,520 (6,585 ) Residential mortgage obligations 953 (18 ) 926 (37 ) 1,879 (55 ) Asset-backed securities 95,514 (970 ) 48,093 (208 ) 143,607 (1,178 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 51,932 (1,164 ) 7,910 (740 ) 59,842 (1,904 ) Subtotal $ 497,518 $ (8,307 ) $ 69,330 $ (1,415 ) $ 566,848 $ (9,722 ) Corporate exposures 325,733 (5,086 ) 26,005 (442 ) 351,738 (5,528 ) Total fixed maturities $ 1,111,873 $ (19,074 ) $ 125,409 $ (5,340 ) $ 1,237,282 $ (24,414 ) Equity securities: Common stocks $ 31,272 $ (634 ) $ 1,471 $ (330 ) $ 32,743 $ (964 ) Preferred stocks 113,742 (4,785 ) 523 (36 ) 114,265 (4,821 ) Total Equity securities $ 145,014 $ (5,419 ) $ 1,994 $ (366 ) $ 147,008 $ (5,785 ) Total fixed maturities and equity securities $ 1,256,887 $ (24,493 ) $ 127,403 $ (5,706 ) $ 1,384,290 $ (30,199 ) Our Company analyzes impaired securities quarterly to determine if any impairments are other-than-temporary. The above securities with unrealized losses are deemed to be temporarily impaired based on our evaluation. As of March 31, 2017, there were 398 Fixed maturities and 45 Equity securities in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2016, there were 413 Fixed maturities and 75 Equity securities in an unrealized loss position. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the gross unrealized loss for the greater than 12 months category consists primarily of agency and foreign government bonds principally due to an unfavorable foreign exchange movement. To a lesser extent the gross unrealized loss for the greater than 12 months category is driven by unrealized losses on our longer dated municipal bonds and one commercial mortgage-backed security which were impacted by rising interest rates and widening credit spreads. The gross unrealized loss for the less than 12 months category for the period ended March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists primarily of agency mortgage-backed securities and corporate exposures due to an increase in interest rates since the time of purchase. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the largest unrealized loss by a non-government backed issuer in the investment portfolio was $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Our Company’s ability to hold securities is supported by sufficient cash flow from our operations and from maturities within our investment portfolio in order to meet our claims payments and other disbursement obligations arising from our underwriting operations without selling such investments. With respect to securities where the decline in value is determined to be temporary and the security’s value is not written down, a subsequent decision may be made to sell that security and realize a loss. Subsequent decisions on security sales are made within the context of overall risk monitoring, changing information and market conditions. Our Company had two credit related OTTI losses of $1.1 million in the equity portfolio during the three months ended March 31, 2017. Our Company did not have any credit related losses during the three months ended March 31, 2016. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the cumulative amounts related to our Company’s credit loss portion of the OTTI losses on Fixed maturities was $2.4 million. There was no change to the cumulative amounts of our Company’s credit loss portion of OTTI for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Our Company’s Net investment income was derived from the following sources: Three Months Ended March 31, amounts in thousands 2017 2016 Fixed maturities $ 18,341 $ 16,737 Equity securities 3,784 3,447 Short-term investments 212 210 Total investment income $ 22,337 $ 20,394 Investment expenses (889 ) (800 ) Net investment income $ 21,448 $ 19,594 Realized gains and losses, excluding net OTTI losses recognized in earnings, for the periods indicated, were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, amounts in thousands 2017 2016 Fixed maturities: Gains $ 468 $ 2,548 Losses (1,256 ) (1,127 ) Fixed maturities, net $ (788 ) $ 1,421 Short-term: Gains $ 112 $ 268 Losses (191 ) (83 ) Short-term, net $ (79 ) $ 185 Equity securities: Gains $ 1,916 $ 609 Losses — (618 ) Equity securities, net $ 1,916 $ (9 ) Net realized gains $ 1,049 $ 1,597 |