UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act file number: (811- 04528)
Exact name of registrant as specified in charter: Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
Address of principal executive offices: One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109
| |
| Name and address of agent for service: | Beth S. Mazor, Vice President |
| | One Post Office Square |
| | Boston, Massachusetts 02109 |
| |
| Copy to: | John W. Gerstmayr, Esq. |
| | Ropes & Gray LLP |
| | One International Place |
| | Boston, Massachusetts 02110 |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 292-1000
Date of fiscal year end: May 31, 2008
Date of reporting period:June 1, 2007 — November 30, 2007
Item 1. Report to Stockholders:
The following is a copy of the report transmitted to stockholders pursuant to Rule 30e-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940:
What makes Putnam different?
In 1830, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Justice Samuel Putnam established The Prudent Man Rule, a legal foundation for responsible money management.
THE PRUDENT MAN RULE
All that can be required of a trustee to invest is that he shall conduct himself faithfully and exercise a sound discretion. He is to observe how men of prudence, discretion, and intelligence manage their own affairs, not in regard to speculation, but in regard to the permanent disposition of their funds, considering the probable income, as well as the probable safety of the capital to be invested.
A time-honored tradition in money management
Since 1937, our values have been rooted in a profound sense of responsibility for the money entrusted to us.
A prudent approach to investing
We use a research-driven team approach to seek consistent, dependable, superior investment results over time, although there is no guarantee a fund will meet its objectives.
Funds for every investment goal
We offer a broad range of mutual funds and other financial products so investors and their financial representatives can build diversified portfolios.
A commitment to doing what’s right for investors
With a focus on investment performance, below-average expenses, and in-depth information about our funds, we put the interests of investors first and seek to set the standard for integrity and service.
Industry-leading service
We help investors, along with their financial representatives, make informed investment decisions with confidence.
Putnam Ohio
Tax Exempt
Income Fund
11| 30| 07
Semiannual Report
| |
| Message from the Trustees | 2 |
| About the fund | 4 |
| Performance snapshot | 6 |
| Report from the fund managers | 7 |
| Performance in depth | 12 |
| Expenses | 15 |
| Portfolio turnover | 17 |
| Risk | 18 |
| Your fund’s management | 19 |
| Terms and definitions | 21 |
| Trustee approval of management contract | 23 |
| Other information for shareholders | 28 |
| Financial statements | 29 |
Cover photograph: © Richard H. Johnson
Message from the Trustees
Dear Fellow Shareholder
As we look toward the new year, we note that 2007 was marked by heightened market turbulence. Stock market indexes in the United States reached new highs in July and again in October, but volatility was the norm rather than the exception. Business losses related to the subprime mortgage sector were farther-reaching and more acute than many observers had predicted, and the market’s daily fluctuations were understandably unsettling. Putnam’s bond funds generally provided sources of stability and income to investors’ portfolios in spite of these difficulties, while international funds posted continued strong gains. Importantly, the U.S. economy registered some of the strongest growth of this business expansion in the spring and summer months, creating a cushion that, along with timely action by the Federal Reserve, should help to support moderate economic growth in 2008. Although the events of the past year have tested the mettle of long-term investors, they also help us to understand the importance of certain time-tested principles: the wisdom of a long-term perspective, the power of stocks to achieve capital growth over long periods, and the benefits of diversification across asset classes.
We are pleased to announce that a new independent Trustee, Robert J. Darretta, has joined your fund’s Board of Trustees. Mr. Darretta brings extensive leadership experience in corporate finance and accounting. He is a former Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of Johnson & Johnson, one of the leading U.S. health-care and consumer products companies, where he also served as Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, and Treasurer.
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Putnam Investments celebrated its 70th anniversary in November. From modest beginnings in Boston, Massachusetts, the firm has grown into a global asset manager that serves millions of investors worldwide. Although the mutual fund industry has undergone many changes since George Putnam introduced his innovative balanced fund in 1937, Putnam’s guiding principles have not. As we celebrate this 70-year milestone, we look forward to Putnam continuing its long tradition of prudent money management. Thank you for your support of the Putnam funds.
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund:
Pursuing tax-advantaged income for Ohio investors
Municipal bonds can help investors keep more of their investment income while also financing important public projects such as schools, roads, and hospitals. Municipal bonds are typically issued by states and local municipalities to raise funds for building and maintaining public facilities, and they offer income that is generally exempt from federal income tax.
For residents of the state where the bond is issued, income is typically exempt from state and any local income taxes as well. While the stated yields on municipal bonds are usually lower than those on taxable bonds, tax exemption is an especially powerful advantage in Ohio because the state’s top income tax rate is among the highest in the United States. And the sheer size of the Ohio municipal bond market provides a wide array of investment opportunities.
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund seeks to capitalize on investment opportunities in Ohio by investing in bonds across a range of market sectors. The fund also combines bonds of differing credit quality to increase income potential. In addition to investing in high-quality bonds, the fund’s management team allocates a smaller portion of the portfolio to lower-rated bonds, which may offer higher income in return for more risk.
When deciding whether to invest in a bond, the fund’s management team considers the risks involved — including credit risk, interest-rate risk, and the risk that the bond will be prepaid. The management team is backed by the resources of Putnam’s fixed-income organization, one of the largest in the investment industry, in which municipal bond analysts are grouped into sector teams and conduct ongoing, rigorous research. Once a bond has been purchased, the team continues to monitor for developments that may affect the bond market, the sector, and the issuer of the bond.
The goal of the fund’s in-depth research and active management is to stay a step ahead of the industry and pinpoint opportunities to adjust the fund’s holdings for the benefit of the fund and its shareholders.
The fund concentrates its investments by region and involves more risk than a fund that invests more broadly. Capital gains, if any, are taxable for federal and, in most cases, state purposes. For some investors, investment income may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. Tax-free funds may not be suitable for IRAs and other non-taxable accounts. Please consult with your tax advisor for more information. Mutual funds that invest in bonds are subject to certain risks, including interest-rate risk, credit risk, and inflation risk. As interest rates rise, the prices of bonds fall. Long-term bonds are more exposed to interest-rate risk than short-term bonds. Unlike bonds, bond funds have ongoing fees and expenses.
Understanding tax-equivalent yield
To understand the value of tax-free income, it is helpful to compare a municipal bond’s yield with the “tax-equivalent yield” — the before-tax yield that must be offered by a taxable bond in order to equal the municipal bond’s yield after taxes.
How to calculate tax-equivalent yield:
The tax-equivalent yield equals the municipal bond’s yield divided by “one minus the tax rate.” For example, if a municipal bond’s yield is 5%, then its tax-equivalent yield is 7.7%, assuming the maximum 35% federal tax rate for 2007.
Results for investors subject to lower tax rates would not be as advantageous.
Municipal bonds may finance a range of projects in your
community and thus play a key role in its development.
Performance snapshot
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt
Income Fund
Current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted past performance, which cannot guarantee future results. Share price, principal value, and return will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. Performance of class A shares assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes. Fund returns in bar chart do not reflect a sales charge; had they, returns would have been lower. See pages 12–14 for additional performance information. For a portion of the periods, this fund may have limited expenses, without which returns would have been lower. A 1% short-term trading fee may apply. To obtain the most recent month-end performance, visit www.putnam.com.
* Returns for the six-month period are not annualized, but cumulative.
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Report from the fund managers
The period in review
We are pleased to report that your fund’s class A shares delivered a positive 2.41% return before sales charge for the six months ended November 30, 2007. During this period, the markets became increasingly volatile, as investors reacted to concerns about mortgage defaults, the housing industry, and economic growth. Your fund’s focus on high-quality, non-callable, and intermediate-maturity bonds all helped preserve a positive result for the fund. The fund’s strategies enabled it to outperform the average for its Lipper category, based on results before sales charges. Fund returns also slightly outpaced those for its nationally diversified benchmark, the Lehman Municipal Bond Index.
Market overview
The crisis in the subprime mortgage lending market that began this summer weighed on the performance of many fixed-income sectors, including municipal bonds, during the six months ended November 30, 2007. The environment for municipal bond performance in Ohio largely mirrored that of the nation as a whole. While the fund did not invest directly in subprime securities, the severity of the crisis caused bond investors to reevaluate risk across all types of fixed-income portfolios.
Prices fell and yields rose on all but the highest-quality securities, as investors demanded more return on riskier bonds amid increased concerns that the economy might weaken. Well-publicized difficulties at several major investment banks and among the insurers of repackaged loans added to investors’ uncertainty. Ultimately, issuers were forced to increase the yields on new, lower-rated bonds to attract sufficient investor interest.
Demand for longer-maturity bonds also weakened, as investors reassessed the slim yield advantage being offered as compensation for holding longer-dated securities. In contrast, bonds with shorter maturities generally performed well, as investors began to anticipate the possibility of further rate reductions by the Federal Reserve Board.
Ohio’s economic climate remained solid but somewhat subdued over the
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period. The state continued to move away from the manufacturing base that traditionally had been its chief engine of growth, transitioning toward a greater emphasis on service and trade. Unemployment remained higher than the national average. The state’s unemployment rate stood at an annualized rate of 5.9% in October, versus the national unemployment rate of 4.7% . Moreover, state tax receipts declined through October, mainly reflecting a drop in corporate franchise taxes.
Strategy overview
Although the crisis in the subprime mortgage lending market dampened performance throughout the municipal bond market over the period, the effects varied. In general, higher-quality bonds fared better than lower-quality bonds and those in the so-called “credit” sectors, as investors were in a more conservative mood. As investors reevaluated risk throughout their portfolios, the disparity in performance between lower-rated and higher-quality bonds grew. Fortunately, your fund’s portfolio remained concentrated in high-quality municipal bonds, and its higher overall credit quality boosted results relative to its peer group. At the same time, we began to add selected lower-rated credits to the portfolio, taking advantage of what we believe are attractive opportunities.
Market sector and fund performance
This comparison shows your fund’s performance in the context of different market sectors for the six months ended 11/30/07. See page 6 and pages 12–14 for additional fund performance information. Index descriptions can be found on page 22.
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One of the keys to fund performance over the period was our emphasis on intermediate-maturity bonds, which was a component of our strategy for managing the portfolio’s interest-rate sensitivity. The yield curve — a graphical representation of differences in yield for bonds of comparable quality and different maturities — steepened during the reporting period, reflecting the perceived risk associated with investing in longer-term bonds. Bonds with the longest maturities generally underperformed short- and intermediate-maturity municipals as a result. Believing that the fund would not be compensated sufficiently for the greater risk of a long-term investment, we weighted intermediate-maturity bonds more heavily than long-term securities in an effort to minimize the portfolio’s interest-rate sensitivity, and this strategy helped performance.
Another side effect of volatile markets is that non-callable bonds tend to outperform callable issues. Callable bonds are bonds that have a “call” feature enabling the issuer, in this case a municipality or municipal agency, to retrieve the bonds from the market on a certain date. If current rates are lower than they were when the bond was originally issued, issuers may be able to reduce interest expenses, but investors must look elsewhere to maintain their income.
Comparison of the fund’s maturity and duration
This chart compares changes in the fund’s average effective maturity (a weighted average of the holdings’ maturities) and its average effective duration (a measure of its sensitivity to interest-rate changes).
Average effective duration and average effective maturity take into account put and call features, where applicable, and reflect prepayments for mortgage-backed securities. Duration is usually shorter than maturity because it reflects interest payments on a bond prior to its maturity.
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During the reporting period, we maintained an underweight position in callable bonds, and that strategy helped performance.
Your fund’s holdings
Tobacco settlement bonds remained a key component of the fund’s credit sector holdings throughout the period. While our position in tobacco bonds boosted performance early on, these bonds ultimately detracted from returns for the full semiannual period, given investor aversion to virtually all “credit” sectors. While tobacco settlement bonds generally carry investment-grade ratings of BBB, they are secured by the income stream from tobacco companies’ settlement obligations to the states and generally offer higher yields than bonds of comparable quality. In addition, supply over the period was particularly heavy, and included a $5 billion bond issue by Buckeye Ohio Tobacco Settlement Finance Authority in October — the single largest issue that came to market in Ohio during the period. Investors were concerned that the market would not be able to abs orb these bonds; however, they were sold. In fact, the fund took a large position in the Buckeye bonds, because we believed they were trading at attractive levels. We continue to believe that tobacco settlement bonds provide valuable diversification, and we have maintained the fund’s overweight position.
Credit quality overview
Credit qualities shown as a percentage of portfolio value as of 11/30/07. A bond rated Baa or higher (MIG3/VMIG3 or higher, for short-term debt) is considered investment grade. The chart reflects Moody’s ratings; percentages may include bonds not rated by Moody's but considered by Putnam Management to be of comparable quality. Ratings will vary over time.
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On the positive side, your fund’s high-quality, intermediate-maturity holdings in the utilities and education sectors performed well over the past six months. Examples include the fund’s investments in Toledo Ohio Sewer System Revenue AMBAC bonds and Woodridge Local School District AMBAC bonds, the latter of which were issued to pay for the construction of a new middle school and renovation of several other schools.
Please note that the holdings discussed in this report may not have been held by the fund for the entire period. Portfolio composition is subject to review in accordance with the fund’s investment strategy and may vary in the future.
The outlook for your fund
The following commentary reflects anticipated developments that could affect your fund over the next six months, as well as your management team’s plans for responding to them.
The Federal Reserve Board reduced the federal funds rate — the benchmark rate for overnight loans between banks — three times in late 2007 to restore liquidity in the financial markets. Recent comments from several board members, including Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke, indicate that the central bank may be prepared to cut interest rates further to keep the economy from sliding into a recession. It appears the board is concerned that the credit market turmoil has increased the downside risks to growth over the next few quarters.
We expect to see continued volatility in the coming months. Having said that, the silver lining in any period of market uncertainty is that many securities may become available at attractive prices. We have been finding compelling values among investment-grade bonds — those rated Baa and above — and have added to the fund’s holdings in this area. We also plan to add selectively to the fund’s position in lower- and non-rated bonds as opportunities become available. Relative to its peers, the fund held fewer securities from this part of the credit spectrum at the end of the period. We believe that judiciously increasing the fund’s holdings in this area now will position the fund to benefit when the market recovers.
The views expressed in this report are exclusively those of Putnam Management. They are not meant as investment advice.
This fund concentrates its investments by region and involves more risk than a fund that invests more broadly. Capital gains, if any, are taxable for federal and, in most cases, state purposes. For some investors, investment income may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. Income from federally exempt funds may be subject to state and local taxes. Mutual funds that invest in bonds are subject to certain risks, including interest-rate risk, credit risk, and inflation risk. As interest rates rise, the prices of bonds fall. Long-term bonds are more exposed to interest-rate risk than short-term bonds. Unlike bonds, bond funds have ongoing fees and expenses. Tax-free funds may not be suitable for IRAs and other non-taxable accounts.
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Your fund’s performance
This section shows your fund’s performance, price, and distribution information for periods ended November 30, 2007, the end of the first half of its current fiscal year. In accordance with regulatory requirements for mutual funds, we also include performance as of the most recent calendar quarter-end and expense information taken from the fund’s current prospectus. Performance should always be considered in light of a fund’s investment strategy. Data represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. More recent returns may be less or more than those shown. Investment return and principal value will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. The performance information does not reflect any deduction for taxes that a shareholder may owe on fund distributions or the redemption of fund shares. For the most recent month-end performance, please visit www.putnam.com or call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581 . See the Terms and Definitions section in this report for definitions of the share classes offered by your fund.
Fund performance
Total return for periods ended 11/30/07
| | | | | | | | |
| | Class A | | Class B | | Class C | | Class M | |
| (inception dates) | (10/23/89) | | (7/15/93) | | (10/3/06) | | (4/3/95) | |
|
| | NAV | POP | NAV | CDSC | NAV | CDSC | NAV | POP |
|
| Annual average | | | | | | | | |
| (life of fund) | 5.70% | 5.46% | 4.96% | 4.96% | 4.90% | 4.90% | 5.35% | 5.16% |
|
| 10 years | 53.50 | 47.36 | 43.83 | 43.83 | 42.30 | 42.30 | 49.08 | 44.30 |
| Annual average | 4.38 | 3.95 | 3.70 | 3.70 | 3.59 | 3.59 | 4.07 | 3.74 |
|
| 5 years | 22.14 | 17.31 | 18.24 | 16.24 | 17.58 | 17.58 | 20.46 | 16.56 |
| Annual average | 4.08 | 3.24 | 3.41 | 3.06 | 3.29 | 3.29 | 3.79 | 3.11 |
|
| 3 years | 11.38 | 6.88 | 9.23 | 6.26 | 8.80 | 8.80 | 10.38 | 6.73 |
| Annual average | 3.66 | 2.24 | 2.99 | 2.04 | 2.85 | 2.85 | 3.35 | 2.19 |
|
| 1 year | 2.52 | –1.57 | 1.86 | –3.07 | 1.72 | 0.73 | 2.22 | –1.13 |
|
| 6 months | 2.41 | –1.66 | 2.08 | –2.92 | 2.00 | 0.99 | 2.38 | –0.95 |
|
Current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted past performance, which cannot guarantee future results. After sales charge returns (public offering price, or POP) for class A and M shares reflect a maximum 4.00% and 3.25% load, respectively, as of 1/2/08. Class B share returns reflect the applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC), which is 5% in the first year, declining to 1% in the sixth year, and is eliminated thereafter. Class C shares reflect a 1% CDSC for the first year, which is eliminated thereafter. Performance for class B, C, and M shares before their inception is derived from the historical performance of class A shares, adjusted for the applicable sales charge (or CDSC) and the higher operating expenses for such shares.
For a portion of the periods, this fund may have limited expenses, without which returns would have been lower.
A 1% short-term trading fee may be applied to shares exchanged or sold within 7 days of purchase.
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Comparative index returns
For periods ended 11/30/07
| | |
| | | Lipper Ohio |
| | Lehman Municipal | Municipal Debt Funds |
| | Bond Index | category average* |
|
| Annual average | | |
| (life of fund) | 6.58% | 5.88% |
|
| 10 years | 67.60 | 51.60 |
| Annual average | 5.30 | 4.24 |
|
| 5 years | 25.68 | 20.61 |
| Annual average | 4.68 | 3.81 |
|
| 3 years | 13.23 | 10.25 |
| Annual average | 4.23 | 3.30 |
|
| 1 year | 2.71 | 1.48 |
|
| 6 months | 2.40 | 1.52 |
|
Index and Lipper results should be compared to fund performance at net asset value.
* Over the 6-month, 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, 10-year, and life-of-fund periods ended 11/30/07, there were 46, 46, 41, 41, 34, and 9 funds, respectively, in this Lipper category.
Fund performance as of most recent calendar quarter
Total return for periods ended 12/31/07
| | | | | | | | |
| | Class A | | Class B | | Class C | | Class M | |
| (inception dates) | (10/23/89) | | (7/15/93) | | (10/3/06) | | (4/3/95) | |
|
| | NAV | POP | NAV | CDSC | NAV | CDSC | NAV | POP |
|
| Annual average | | | | | | | | |
| (life of fund) | 5.68% | 5.45% | 4.95% | 4.95% | 4.88% | 4.88% | 5.33% | 5.14% |
|
| 10 years | 51.55 | 45.45 | 42.02 | 42.02 | 40.47 | 40.47 | 47.24 | 42.50 |
| Annual average | 4.25 | 3.82 | 3.57 | 3.57 | 3.46 | 3.46 | 3.94 | 3.61 |
|
| 5 years | 20.23 | 15.45 | 16.27 | 14.29 | 15.81 | 15.81 | 18.48 | 14.59 |
| Annual average | 3.75 | 2.92 | 3.06 | 2.71 | 2.98 | 2.98 | 3.45 | 2.76 |
|
| 3 years | 10.30 | 5.90 | 8.17 | 5.23 | 7.77 | 7.77 | 9.33 | 5.74 |
| Annual average | 3.32 | 1.93 | 2.65 | 1.71 | 2.53 | 2.53 | 3.02 | 1.88 |
|
| 1 year | 3.09 | –1.05 | 2.42 | –2.53 | 2.28 | 1.29 | 2.90 | –0.48 |
|
| 6 months | 3.13 | –1.02 | 2.79 | –2.21 | 2.69 | 1.69 | 2.98 | –0.39 |
|
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Fund price and distribution information
For the six-month period ended 11/30/07
| | | | | | |
| | | | |
| Distributions* | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class M |
|
| Number | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
|
| Income1 | $0.182965 | $0.154235 | $0.147266 | $0.170034 |
|
| Capital gains2 | — | — | — | — |
|
| Total | $0.182965 | $0.154235 | $0.147266 | $0.170034 |
|
| Share value: | NAV | POP† | NAV | NAV | NAV | POP |
|
| 5/31/07 | $8.98 | $9.35 | $8.97 | $8.97 | $8.98 | $9.28 |
|
| 11/30/07 | 9.01 | 9.39 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.02 | 9.32 |
|
| Current yield (end of period) | | | | | | |
|
| Current dividend rate3 | 4.02% | 3.86% | 3.39% | 3.23% | 3.74% | 3.62% |
|
| Taxable equivalent4 | 6.62 | 6.35 | 5.58 | 5.32 | 6.16 | 5.96 |
|
| Current 30-day SEC yield5 | N/A | 3.15 | 2.65 | 2.50 | N/A | 2.90 |
|
| Taxable equivalent4 | N/A | 5.19 | 4.36 | 4.12 | N/A | 4.77 |
|
* Dividend sources are estimated and may vary based on final tax calculations after the fund’s fiscal year-end.
† Reflects an increase in sales charges that took effect on 1/2/08.
1 For some investors, investment income may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.
2 Capital gains, if any, are taxable for federal and, in most cases, state purposes.
3 Most recent distribution, excluding capital gains, annualized and divided by NAV or POP at end of period.
4 Assumes maximum 39.26% federal and state combined tax rate for 2007. Results for investors subject to lower tax rates would not be as advantageous.
5 Based only on investment income and calculated using the maximum offering price for each share class, in accordance with SEC guidelines.
Fund’s annual operating expenses
For the fiscal year ended 5/31/07
| | | | |
| | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class M |
|
| Net expenses* | 0.89% | 1.53% | 1.68% | 1.18% |
|
| Total annual fund operating expenses | 0.90 | 1.54 | 1.69 | 1.19 |
|
* Reflects Putnam Management’s decision to contractually limit expenses through 5/31/08.
Expense information in this table is taken from the most recent prospectus, is subject to change, and may differ from that shown in the next section and in the financial highlights of this report. Expenses are shown as a percentage of average net assets. Please refer to the fund’s prospectus for more details.
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Your fund’s expenses
As a mutual fund investor, you pay ongoing expenses, such as management fees, distribution fees (12b-1 fees), and other expenses. Using the information below, you can estimate how these expenses affect your investment and compare them with the expenses of other funds. You may also pay one-time transaction expenses, including sales charges (loads) and redemption fees, which are not shown in this section and would have resulted in higher total expenses. For more information, see your fund’s prospectus or talk to your financial representative.
Review your fund’s expenses
The table below shows the expenses you would have paid on a $1,000 investment in Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund from June 1, 2007, to November 30, 2007. It also shows how much a $1,000 investment would be worth at the close of the period, assuming actual returns and expenses.
| | | | |
| | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class M |
|
| Expenses paid per $1,000* | $ 4.50 | $ 7.73 | $ 8.48 | $ 5.97 |
|
| Ending value (after expenses) | $1,024.10 | $1,020.80 | $1,020.00 | $1,023.80 |
|
* Expenses for each share class are calculated using the fund’s annualized expense ratio for each class, which represents the ongoing expenses as a percentage of average net assets for the six months ended 11/30/07. The expense ratio may differ for each share class (see the last table in this section). Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the period; and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year.
Estimate the expenses you paid
To estimate the ongoing expenses you paid for the six months ended November 30, 2007, use the calculation method below. To find the value of your investment on June 1, 2007, call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581.
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Compare expenses using the SEC’s method
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has established guidelines to help investors assess fund expenses. Per these guidelines, the table below shows your fund’s expenses based on a $1,000 investment, assuming a hypothetical 5% annualized return. You can use this information to compare the ongoing expenses (but not transaction expenses or total costs) of investing in the fund with those of other funds. All mutual fund shareholder reports will provide this information to help you make this comparison. Please note that you cannot use this information to estimate your actual ending account balance and expenses paid during the period.
| | | | |
| | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class M |
|
| Expenses paid per $1,000* | $ 4.50 | $ 7.72 | $ 8.47 | $ 5.96 |
|
| Ending value (after expenses) | $1,020.55 | $1,017.35 | $1,016.60 | $1,019.10 |
|
* Expenses for each share class are calculated using the fund’s annualized expense ratio for each class, which represents the ongoing expenses as a percentage of average net assets for the six months ended 11/30/07. The expense ratio may differ for each share class (see the last table in this section). Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the period; and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year.
Compare expenses using industry averages
You can also compare your fund’s expenses with the average of its peer group, as defined by Lipper, an independent fund-rating agency that ranks funds relative to others that Lipper considers to have similar investment styles or objectives. The expense ratio for each share class shown below indicates how much of your fund’s average net assets have been used to pay ongoing expenses during the period.
| | | | |
| | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class M |
| Your fund’s annualized expense ratio | 0.89% | 1.53% | 1.68% | 1.18% |
|
| Average annualized expense ratio | | | | |
| for Lipper peer group* | 0.90% | 1.54% | 1.69% | 1.19% |
|
* Putnam is committed to keeping fund expenses below the Lipper peer group average expense ratio and will limit fund expenses if they exceed the Lipper average. The Lipper average is a simple average of front-end load funds in the peer group that excludes 12b-1 fees as well as any expense offset and brokerage service arrangements that may reduce fund expenses. To facilitate the comparison in this presentation, Putnam has adjusted the Lipper average to reflect the 12b-1 fees carried by each class of shares. Investors should note that the other funds in the peer group may be significantly smaller or larger than the fund, and that an asset-weighted average would likely be lower than the simple average. Also, the fund and Lipper report expense data at different times and for different periods. The fund’s expense ratio shown here is annualized data for the most recent six-month period, while the quarterly updated Lipper average is based on the most recent fiscal year-end data available for the peer group funds as of 9/30/07.
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Your fund’s
portfolio turnover
Putnam funds are actively managed by teams of experts who buy and sell securities based on intensive analysis of companies, industries, economies, and markets. Portfolio turnover is a measure of how often a fund’s managers buy and sell securities for your fund. A portfolio turnover of 100%, for example, means that the managers sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of a fund’s average portfolio value within a given period. Funds with high turnover may be more likely to generate capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as taxable income. High turnover may also cause a fund to pay more brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which may detract from performance.
Funds that invest in bonds or other fixed-income instruments may have higher turnover than funds that invest only in stocks. Short-term bond funds tend to have higher turnover than longer-term bond funds, because shorter-term bonds will mature or be sold more frequently than longer-term bonds. You can use the table below to compare your fund’s turnover with the average turnover for funds in its Lipper category.
Turnover comparisons
Percentage of holdings that change every year
| | | | | |
| | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 |
| Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt | | | | | |
| Income Fund | 15% | 6% | 12% | 17% | 26% |
|
| Lipper Ohio Municipal | | | | | |
| Debt Funds category average | 19% | 17% | 17% | 19% | 37% |
|
Turnover data for the fund is calculated based on the fund’s fiscal-year period, which ends on May 31. Turnover data for the fund’s Lipper category is calculated based on the average of the turnover of each fund in the category for its fiscal year ended during the indicated year. Fiscal years vary across funds in the Lipper category, which may limit the comparability of the fund’s portfolio turnover rate to the Lipper average. Comparative data for 2007 is based on information available as of 11/30/07.
17
Your fund’s risk
This risk comparison is designed to help you understand how your fund compares with other funds. The comparison utilizes a risk measure developed by Morningstar, an independent fund-rating agency. This risk measure is referred to as the fund’s Morningstar Risk.
Your fund’s Morningstar® Risk
Your fund’s Morningstar Risk is shown alongside that of the average fund in its Morningstar category. The risk bar broadens the comparison by translating the fund’s Morningstar Risk into a percentile, which is based on the fund’s ranking among all funds rated by Morningstar as of December 31, 2007. A higher Morningstar Risk generally indicates that a fund’s monthly returns have varied more widely.
Morningstar determines a fund’s Morningstar Risk by assessing variations in the fund’s monthly returns — with an emphasis on downside variations — over a 3-year period, if available. Those measures are weighted and averaged to produce the fund’s Morningstar Risk. The information shown is provided for the fund’s class A shares only; information for other classes may vary. Morningstar Risk is based on historical data and does not indicate future results. Morningstar does not purport to measure the risk associated with a current investment in a fund, either on an absolute basis or on a relative basis. Low Morningstar Risk does not mean that you cannot lose money on an investment in a fund. Copyright 2007 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete, or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information.
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Your fund’s management
Your fund is managed by the members of the Putnam Tax Exempt Fixed-Income Team. Thalia Meehan is the Portfolio Leader, and Paul Drury, Brad Libby, and Susan McCormack are Portfolio Members, of your fund. The Portfolio Leader and Portfolio Members coordinate the team’s management of the fund.
For a complete listing of the members of the Putnam Tax Exempt Fixed-Income Team, including those who are not Portfolio Leaders or Portfolio Members of your fund, visit Putnam’s Individual Investor Web site at www.putnam.com.
Investment team fund ownership
The table below shows how much the fund’s current Portfolio Leader and Portfolio Members have invested in the fund and in all Putnam mutual funds (in dollar ranges). Information shown is as of November 30, 2007, and November 30, 2006.
Trustee and Putnam employee fund ownership
As of November 30, 2007, all of the Trustees of the Putnam funds owned fund shares. The table below shows the approximate value of investments in the fund and all Putnam funds as of that date by the Trustees and Putnam employees. These amounts include investments by the Trustees’ and employees’ immediate family members and investments through retirement and deferred compensation plans.
| | |
| | | Total assets in |
| | Assets in the fund | all Putnam funds |
|
| Trustees | $38,000 | $ 92,000,000 |
|
| Putnam employees | $14,000 | $770,000,000 |
|
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Other Putnam funds managed by the Portfolio Leader and Portfolio Members
Thalia Meehan is the Portfolio Leader, and Paul Drury, Brad Libby, and Susan McCormack are Portfolio Members, of Putnam’s open-end tax-exempt funds for the following states: Arizona, California, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The same group also manages Putnam AMT-Free Insured Municipal Fund, Putnam Investment Grade Municipal Trust, Putnam Municipal Bond Fund, Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust, and Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund.
Paul Drury is the Portfolio Leader, and Brad Libby, Susan McCormack, and Thalia Meehan are Portfolio Members, of Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust and Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund.
Thalia Meehan, Paul Drury, Brad Libby, and Susan McCormack may also manage other accounts and variable trust funds advised by Putnam Management or an affiliate.
Changes in your fund’s Portfolio Leader and Portfolio Members
During the year ended November 30, 2007, Portfolio Member Thalia Meehan became Portfolio Leader of your fund, following the departure of Jim St. John from your team.
20
Terms and definitions
Important terms
Total return shows how the value of the fund’s shares changed over time, assuming you held the shares through the entire period and reinvested all distributions in the fund.
Net asset value (NAV) is the price, or value, of one share of a mutual fund, without a sales charge. NAVs fluctuate with market conditions. NAV is calculated by dividing the net assets of each class of shares by the number of outstanding shares in the class.
Public offering price (POP) is the price of a mutual fund share plus the maximum sales charge levied at the time of purchase. POP performance figures shown here assume the 4.00% maximum sales charge for class A shares and 3.25% for class M shares.
Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) is generally a charge applied at the time of the redemption of class B shares and assumes redemption at the end of the period. Your fund’s class B CDSC declines from a 5% maximum during the first year to 1% during the sixth year. After the sixth year, the CDSC no longer applies. The CDSC for Class C shares is 1% for one year after purchase.
Current yield is the annual rate of return earned from dividends or interest of an investment. Current yield is expressed as a percentage of the price of a security, fund share, or principal investment.
Share classes
Class A shares are generally subject to an initial sales charge and no CDSC (except on certain redemptions of shares bought without an initial sales charge).
Class B shares are not subject to an initial sales charge. They may be subject to a CDSC.
Class C shares are not subject to an initial sales charge and are subject to a CDSC only if the shares are redeemed during the first year.
Class M shares have a lower initial sales charge and a higher 12b-1 fee than class A shares and no CDSC.
21
Comparative indexes
Lehman Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index of U.S. investment-grade fixed-income securities.
Lehman Municipal Bond Index is an unmanaged index of long-term fixed-rate investment-grade tax-exempt bonds.
Merrill Lynch 91-Day Treasury Bill Index is an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills available in the marketplace.
S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index of common stock performance.
Indexes assume reinvestment of all distributions and do not account for fees. Securities and performance of a fund and an index will differ. You cannot invest directly in an index.
Lipper is a third-party industry-ranking entity that ranks mutual funds. Its rankings do not reflect sales charges. Lipper rankings are based on total return at net asset value relative to other funds that have similar current investment styles or objectives as determined by Lipper. Lipper may change a fund’s category assignment at its discretion. Lipper category averages reflect performance trends for funds within a category.
22
Trustee approval of
management contract
General conclusions
The Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds oversees the management of each fund and, as required by law, determines annually whether to approve the continuance of your fund’s management contract with Putnam Investment Management (“Putnam Management”). In this regard, the Board of Trustees, with the assistance of its Contract Committee consisting solely of Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) of the Putnam funds (the “Independent Trustees”), requests and evaluates all information it deems reasonably necessary under the circumstances. Over the course of several months ending in June 2007, the Contract Committee met several times to consider the information provided by Putnam Management and other information developed with the assistance of the Board’s independent counsel and independent staff. The Contract Committee reviewed and discussed key aspects of this information with all of the Independent Trustees. The Contract Committee recommended, and the Independent Trustees approved, the continuance of your fund’s management contract, effective July 1, 2007.
In addition, in anticipation of the sale of Putnam Investments to Great-West Lifeco, at a series of meetings ending in March 2007, the Trustees reviewed and approved new management and distribution arrangements to take effect upon the change of control. Shareholders of all funds approved the management contracts in May 2007, and the change of control transaction was completed on August 3, 2007. Upon the change of control, the management contracts that were approved by the Trustees in June 2007 automatically terminated and were replaced by new contracts that had been approved by shareholders. In connection with their review for the June 2007 continuance of the Putnam funds’ management contracts, the Trustees did not identify any facts or circumstances that would alter the substance of the conclusions and recommendations they made in their review of the contracts to take effect upon the change of control.
The Independent Trustees’ approval was based on the following conclusions:
• That the fee schedule in effect for your fund represented reasonable compensation in light of the nature and quality of the services being provided to the fund, the fees paid by competitive funds and the costs incurred by Putnam Management in providing such services, and
• That this fee schedule represented an appropriate sharing between fund shareholders and Putnam Management of such economies of scale as may exist in the management of the fund at current asset levels.
These conclusions were based on a comprehensive consideration of all information provided to the Trustees and were not the result of any single factor. Some of the factors that figured particularly in the Trustees’ deliberations and how the Trustees considered these factors are described below, although individual Trustees may have evaluated the information presented differently, giving different weights to various factors. It is also important to recognize that the fee arrangements for your fund and the other Putnam funds are the result of many years of review and discussion between the Independent Trustees and Putnam Management, that
23
certain aspects of such arrangements may receive greater scrutiny in some years than others, and that the Trustees’ conclusions may be based, in part, on their consideration of these same arrangements in prior years.
Management fee schedules and categories; total expenses
The Trustees reviewed the management fee schedules in effect for all Putnam funds, including fee levels and breakpoints, and the assignment of funds to particular fee categories. In reviewing fees and expenses, the Trustees generally focused their attention on material changes in circumstances — for example, changes in a fund’s size or investment style, changes in Putnam Management’s operating costs or responsibilities, or changes in competitive practices in the mutual fund industry — that suggest that consideration of fee changes might be warranted. The Trustees concluded that the circumstances did not warrant changes to the management fee structure of your fund, which had been carefully developed over the years, re-examined on many occasions and adjusted where appropriate. The Trustees focused on two areas of particular interest, as discussed further below:
• Competitiveness. The Trustees reviewed comparative fee and expense information for competitive funds, which indicated that, in a custom peer group of competitive funds selected by Lipper Inc., your fund ranked in the 64th percentile in management fees and in the 50th percentile in total expenses (less any applicable 12b-1 fees) as of December 31, 2006 (the first percentile being the least expensive funds and the 100th percentile being the most expensive funds). (Because the fund’s custom peer group is smaller than the fund’s broad Lipper Inc. peer group, this expense information may differ from the Lipper peer expense information found elsewhere in this report.) The Trustees noted that expense ratios for a number of Putnam funds, which show the percentage of fund assets used to pay for management and administrative services, distribution (12b-1) fees and other expenses, had been increasing recently a s a result of declining net assets and the natural operation of fee breakpoints.
The Trustees noted that the expense ratio increases described above were currently being controlled by expense limitations implemented in January 2004 and which Putnam Management had committed to maintain at least through 2007. In anticipation of the change of control of Putnam Investments, the Trustees requested, and received a commitment from Putnam Management and Great-West Lifeco, to extend this program through at least June 30, 2009. These expense limitations give effect to a commitment by Putnam Management that the expense ratio of each open-end fund would be no higher than the average expense ratio of the competitive funds included in the fund’s relevant Lipper universe (exclusive of any applicable 12b-1 charges in each case). The Trustees observed that this commitment to limit fund expenses has served shareholders well since its inception.
In order to ensure that the expenses of the Putnam funds continue to meet evolving competitive standards, the Trustees requested, and Putnam Management agreed, to extend for the twelve months beginning July 1, 2007, an additional expense limitation for certain funds at an
24
amount equal to the average expense ratio (exclusive of 12b-1 charges) of a custom peer group of competitive funds selected by Lipper to correspond to the size of the fund. This additional expense limitation will be applied to those open-end funds that had above-average expense ratios (exclusive of 12b-1 charges) based on the custom peer group data for the period ended December 31, 2006. This additional expense limitation will not be applied to your fund because it had a below-average expense ratio relative to its custom peer group.
• Economies of scale. Your fund currently has the benefit of breakpoints in its management fee that provide shareholders with significant economies of scale, which means that the effective management fee rate of a fund (as a percentage of fund assets) declines as a fund grows in size and crosses specified asset thresholds. Conversely, as a fund shrinks in size — as has been the case for many Putnam funds in recent years — these breakpoints result in increasing fee levels. In recent years, the Trustees have examined the operation of the existing breakpoint structure during periods of both growth and decline in asset levels. The Trustees concluded that the fee schedules in effect for the funds represented an appropriate sharing of economies of scale at current asset levels. In reaching this conclusion, the Trustees considered the Contract Committee’s stated intent to continue to work with Putnam Man agement to plan for an eventual resumption in the growth of assets, and to consider the potential economies that might be produced under various growth assumptions.
In connection with their review of the management fees and total expenses of the Putnam funds, the Trustees also reviewed the costs of the services to be provided and profits to be realized by Putnam Management and its affiliates from the relationship with the funds. This information included trends in revenues, expenses and profitability of Putnam Management and its affiliates relating to the investment management and distribution services provided to the funds. In this regard, the Trustees also reviewed an analysis of Putnam Management’s revenues, expenses and profitability with respect to the funds’ management contracts, allocated on a fund-by-fund basis.
Investment performance during the Trustees’ review period
The quality of the investment process provided by Putnam Management represented a major factor in the Trustees’ evaluation of the quality of services provided by Putnam Management under your fund’s management contract. The Trustees were assisted in their review of the Putnam funds’ investment process and performance by the work of the Investment Process Committee of the Trustees and the Investment Oversight Committees of the Trustees, which had met on a regular monthly basis with the funds’ portfolio teams throughout the year. The Trustees concluded that Putnam Management generally provides a high-quality investment process — as measured by the experience and skills of the individuals assigned to the management of fund portfolios, the resources made available to such personnel, and in general the ability of Putnam Management to attract and retain high-quality personnel — but also recognized that this does not guarantee favorable investm ent results for every fund in every time period.
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The Trustees considered the investment performance of each fund over multiple time periods and considered information comparing each fund’s performance with various benchmarks and with the performance of competitive funds.
The Trustees noted the satisfactory investment performance of many Putnam funds. They also noted the disappointing investment performance of certain funds in recent years and discussed with senior management of Putnam Management the factors contributing to such underperfor-mance and actions being taken to improve performance. The Trustees recognized that, in recent years, Putnam Management has made significant changes in its investment personnel and processes and in the fund product line to address areas of underperformance. In particular, they noted the important contributions of Putnam Management’s leadership in attracting, retaining and supporting high-quality investment professionals and in systematically implementing an investment process that seeks to merge the best features of fundamental and quantitative analysis. The Trustees indicated their intention to continue to monitor performance trends to assess the effectiveness of these changes and to evaluate whether additional changes to address areas of underperformance are warranted.
In the case of your fund, the Trustees considered that your fund’s class A share cumulative total return performance at net asset value was in the following percentiles of its Lipper Inc. peer group (Lipper Ohio Municipal Debt Funds) (compared using tax-adjusted performance to recognize the different federal income tax treatment for capital gains distributions and exempt-interest distributions) for the one-, three- and five-year periods ended March 31, 2007 (the first percentile being the best-performing funds and the 100th percentile being the worst-performing funds):
| | |
| One-year period | Three-year period | Five-year period |
|
| 34th | 30th | 37th |
(Because of the passage of time, these performance results may differ from the performance results for more recent periods shown elsewhere in this report. Over the one-, three- and five-year periods ended March 31, 2007, there were 43, 42 and 39 funds, respectively, in your fund’s Lipper peer group.* Past performance is no guarantee of future returns.)
As a general matter, the Trustees concluded that cooperative efforts between the Trustees and Putnam Management represent the most effective way to address investment performance problems. The Trustees noted that investors in the Putnam funds have, in effect, placed their trust in the Putnam organization, under the oversight of the funds’ Trustees, to make appropriate decisions regarding the management of the funds. Based on the responsiveness of Putnam Management in the recent past to Trustee concerns about investment performance,
* The percentile rankings for your fund’s class A share annualized total return performance in the Lipper Ohio Municipal Debt Funds category for the 1-, 5- and 10-year periods ended December 31, 2007, were 20%, 31%, and 38%, respectively. Over the 1-, 5- and 10-year periods ended December 31, 2007, the fund ranked 9 out of 46, 13 out of 41, and 13 out of 34, respectively. Unlike the information above, these rankings reflect performance before taxes. Note that this more recent information was not available when the Trustees approved the continuance of your fund’s management contract.
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the Trustees concluded that it is preferable to seek change within Putnam Management to address performance shortcomings. In the Trustees’ view, the alternative of terminating a management contract and engaging a new investment adviser for an underperforming fund would entail significant disruptions and would not provide any greater assurance of improved investment performance.
Brokerage and soft-dollar allocations; other benefits
The Trustees considered various potential benefits that Putnam Management may receive in connection with the services it provides under the management contract with your fund. These include benefits related to brokerage and soft-dollar allocations, whereby a portion of the commissions paid by a fund for brokerage may be used to acquire research services that may be useful to Putnam Management in managing the assets of the fund and of other clients. The Trustees indicated their continued intent to monitor the potential benefits associated with the allocation of fund brokerage to ensure that the principle of seeking “best price and execution” remains paramount in the portfolio trading process.
The Trustees’ annual review of your fund’s management contract also included the review of its distributor’s contract and distribution plan with Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership and the custodian agreement and investor servicing agreement with Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company (“PFTC”), each of which provides benefits to affiliates of Putnam Management. In the case of the custodian agreement, the Trustees considered that, effective January 1, 2007, the Putnam funds had engaged State Street Bank and Trust Company as custodian and began to transition the responsibility for providing custody services away from PFTC.
Comparison of retail and institutional fee schedules
The information examined by the Trustees as part of their annual contract review has included for many years information regarding fees charged by Putnam Management and its affiliates to institutional clients such as defined benefit pension plans, college endowments, etc. This information included comparison of such fees with fees charged to the funds, as well as a detailed assessment of the differences in the services provided to these two types of clients. The Trustees observed, in this regard, that the differences in fee rates between institutional clients and the funds are by no means uniform when examined by individual asset sectors, suggesting that differences in the pricing of investment management services to these types of clients reflect to a substantial degree historical competitive forces operating in separate market places. The Trustees considered the fact that fee rates across all asset sectors are higher on average for funds than for institutional clients, as well as the differences between the services that Putnam Management provides to the Putnam funds and those that it provides to institutional clients of the firm, but did not rely on such comparisons to any significant extent in concluding that the management fees paid by your fund are reasonable.
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Other information
for shareholders
Important notice regarding delivery of shareholder documents
In accordance with SEC regulations, Putnam sends a single copy of annual and semiannual shareholder reports, prospectuses, and proxy statements to Putnam shareholders who share the same address, unless a shareholder requests otherwise. If you prefer to receive your own copy of these documents, please call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581, and Putnam will begin sending individual copies within 30 days.
Proxy voting
Putnam is committed to managing our mutual funds in the best interests of our shareholders. The Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures, as well as information regarding how your fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2007, are available on the Putnam Individual Investor Web site, www.putnam.com/individual, and on the SEC’s Web site, www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s Web site, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also obtain the Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures at no charge by calling Putnam’s Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-1581.
Fund portfolio holdings
The fund will file a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. Shareholders may obtain the fund’s Forms N-Q on the SEC’s Web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, the fund’s Forms N-Q may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s Web site or the operation of the Public Reference Room.
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Financial statements
A guide to financial statements
These sections of the report, as well as the accompanying Notes, constitute the fund’s financial statements.
The fund’s portfolio lists all the fund’s investments and their values as of the last day of the reporting period. Holdings are organized by asset type and industry sector, country, or state to show areas of concentration and diversification.
Statement of assets and liabilities shows how the fund’s net assets and share price are determined. All investment and noninvestment assets are added together. Any unpaid expenses and other liabilities are subtracted from this total. The result is divided by the number of shares to determine the net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares. (For funds with preferred shares, the amount subtracted from total assets includes the liquidation preference of preferred shares.)
Statement of operations shows the fund’s net investment gain or loss. This is done by first adding up all the fund’s earnings — from dividends and interest income — and subtracting its operating expenses to determine net investment income (or loss). Then, any net gain or loss the fund realized on the sales of its holdings — as well as any unrealized gains or losses over the period — is added to or subtracted from the net investment result to determine the fund’s net gain or loss for the fiscal period.
Statement of changes in net assets shows how the fund’s net assets were affected by the fund’s net investment gain or loss, by distributions to shareholders, and by changes in the number of the fund’s shares. It lists distributions and their sources (net investment income or realized capital gains) over the current reporting period and the most recent fiscal year-end. The distributions listed here may not match the sources listed in the Statement of operations because the distributions are determined on a tax basis and may be paid in a different period from the one in which they were earned. Dividend sources are estimated at the time of declaration. Actual results may vary. Any non-taxable return of capital cannot be determined until final tax calculations are completed after the end of the fund’s fiscal year.
Financial highlights provide an overview of the fund’s investment results, per-share distributions, expense ratios, net investment income ratios, and portfolio turnover in one summary table, reflecting the five most recent reporting periods. In a semiannual report, the highlight table also includes the current reporting period.
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The fund’s portfolio 11/30/07 (Unaudited)
| |
| Key to abbreviations | |
| AMBAC AMBAC Indemnity Corporation | FSA Financial Security Assurance |
| COP Certificate of Participation | GNMA Coll. Government National Mortgage |
| FGIC Financial Guaranty Insurance Company | Association Collateralized |
| FHA Insd. Federal Housing Administration Insured | G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds |
| FHLMC Coll. Federal Home Loan Mortgage | MBIA MBIA Insurance Company |
| Corporation Collateralized | VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes |
| FNMA Coll. Federal National Mortgage | XLCA XL Capital Assurance |
| Association Collateralized | |
| |
| | | | | |
| MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.0%)* |
|
| | Rating** | | Principal amount | | Value |
|
| Ohio (92.1%) | | | | | |
| Akron, G.O. Bonds, FSA, 5s, 12/1/25 | Aaa | $ | 1,005,000 | $ | 1,050,828 |
| Akron, Wtr. Wks. Rev. Bonds, MBIA | | | | | |
| 6s, 12/1/12 | Aaa | | 875,000 | | 951,361 |
| 5 1/4s, 12/1/17 | Aaa | | 1,285,000 | | 1,376,184 |
| Anthony Wayne Local School Dist. G.O. | | | | | |
| Bonds (School Fac. Construction & Impt.), | | | | | |
| FSA, 5 1/2s, 12/1/19 | Aaa | | 1,565,000 | | 1,688,447 |
| Buckeye, Tobacco Settlement Fin. Auth. | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| Ser. A-2, 6s, 6/1/42 | BBB | | 250,000 | | 245,358 |
| Ser. A-2, 5 3/4s, 6/1/34 | BBB | | 4,000,000 | | 3,807,120 |
| Ser. A-3, stepped-coupon zero % (6.25s, | | | | | |
| 12/1/12), 2037 †† | BBB | | 1,200,000 | | 863,184 |
| Butler Cnty., G.O. Bonds, MBIA, 5 1/4s, | | | | | |
| 12/1/20 (Prerefunded) | Aaa | | 1,000,000 | | 1,101,750 |
| Canal Winchester, Local School Dist. G.O. | | | | | |
| Bonds, MBIA, zero %, 12/1/33 | Aaa | | 1,180,000 | | 330,282 |
| Cleveland, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, FGIC, | | | | | |
| 4 3/4s, 11/15/26 | Aaa | | 1,790,000 | | 1,824,082 |
| Cleveland, Muni. School Dist. G.O. Bonds, | | | | | |
| FSA, 5s, 12/1/27 | Aaa | | 1,375,000 | | 1,435,321 |
| Cleveland, Parking Fac. Rev. Bonds, FSA, | | | | | |
| 5 1/4s, 9/15/22 | Aaa | | 2,400,000 | | 2,703,480 |
| Cleveland, State U. Rev. Bonds, FGIC, | | | | | |
| 5s, 6/1/29 # | Aaa | | 3,000,000 | | 3,105,780 |
| Cleveland, Urban Renewal Increment | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds (Rock & Roll Hall of Fame), | | | | | |
| 6 3/4s, 3/15/18 | BBB–/P | | 1,150,000 | | 1,154,922 |
| Columbus, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds, | | | | | |
| FSA, zero %, 12/1/27 | Aaa | | 1,895,000 | | 732,815 |
| Cuyahoga Cnty., G.O. Bonds, 5s, 12/1/18 | | | | | |
| (Prerefunded) | Aa1 | | 1,500,000 | | 1,575,495 |
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| | | | | |
| MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.0%)* continued |
|
| | Rating** | | Principal amount | | Value |
|
| Ohio continued | | | | | |
| Cuyahoga Cnty., Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6s, 1/1/32 | Aa3 | $ | 1,500,000 | $ | 1,603,650 |
| Cuyahoga Cnty., Hosp. VRDN (U. Hosp.), | | | | | |
| 3.63s, 1/1/16 | VMIG1 | | 2,400,000 | | 2,400,000 |
| Cuyahoga Falls, G.O. Bonds, MBIA, 5s, 12/1/24 | Aaa | | 1,645,000 | | 1,713,366 |
| Delaware Cnty., Cap. Fac. G.O. Bonds, 6 1/4s, | | | | | |
| 12/1/16 (Prerefunded) | Aa1 | | 1,000,000 | | 1,095,370 |
| Dublin, G.O. Bonds, Ser. B, 6.4s, 12/1/14 | Aaa | | 1,300,000 | | 1,461,226 |
| Elyria, OH City School Dist. G.O. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Classroom Fac. & School Impt.), XLCA, | | | | | |
| 5s, 12/1/35 | Aaa | | 1,000,000 | | 1,039,050 |
| Erie Cnty., OH Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Firelands Regl. Med. Ctr.), 5 5/8s, 8/15/32 | A | | 1,000,000 | | 1,032,060 |
| Field, Local School Dist. G.O. Bonds (School | | | | | |
| Fac. Construction & Impt.), AMBAC, | | | | | |
| 5s, 12/1/22 | Aaa | | 1,170,000 | | 1,234,994 |
| Franklin Cnty., G.O. Bonds, 5 3/8s, 12/1/20 | Aaa | | 2,170,000 | | 2,253,523 |
| Franklin Cnty., Rev. Bonds (OCLC Online | | | | | |
| Computer Library Ctr.), 5s, 4/15/13 | A | | 2,610,000 | | 2,756,604 |
| Franklin Cnty., Dev. Rev. Bonds (American | | | | | |
| Chemical Society), 5.8s, 10/1/14 | A+ | | 2,000,000 | | 2,090,860 |
| Franklin Cnty., Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Capitol South Cmnty. Urban), 5 3/4s, 6/1/11 | BBB–/P | | 1,000,000 | | 1,021,490 |
| Franklin Cnty., Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (OH Presbyterian Svcs.), 7 1/8s, 7/1/29 | | | | | |
| (Prerefunded) | BBB | | 2,000,000 | | 2,272,800 |
| Greene Cnty., Swr. Syst. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Governmental Enterprise), AMBAC, 5 5/8s, | | | | | |
| 12/1/13 (Prerefunded) | Aaa | | 1,380,000 | | 1,487,212 |
| Hamilton Cnty., Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (King Highland Cmnty. Urban), Ser. A, MBIA, | | | | | |
| 5s, 6/1/22 | Aaa | | 1,745,000 | | 1,843,819 |
| Hamilton, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds, | | | | | |
| Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 12/1/24 (Prerefunded) | AA | | 2,000,000 | | 2,107,120 |
| Hillard, School Dist. G.O. Bonds (School Impts.), | | | | | |
| FGIC, 5 3/4s, 12/1/24 (Prerefunded) | Aaa | | 3,000,000 | | 3,243,690 |
| Huran Cnty., Human Svcs. Rev. Bonds, MBIA, | | | | | |
| 6.55s, 12/1/20 | Aaa | | 1,800,000 | | 2,185,776 |
| Kings, Local School Dist. G.O. Bonds (School | | | | | |
| Impt.), MBIA, 5s, 12/1/27 | AAA | | 750,000 | | 787,290 |
| Lake Ohio, School Dist. G.O. Bonds, FGIC, | | | | | |
| 5 3/4s, 12/1/21 (Prerefunded) | Aaa | | 1,000,000 | | 1,072,130 |
| Lakewood, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds | | | | | |
| FGIC, zero %, 12/1/17 | Aaa | | 1,190,000 | | 787,197 |
| FSA, zero %, 12/1/16 | Aaa | | 1,250,000 | | 874,813 |
| Lakota, School Dist. Rev. Bonds, AMBAC, | | | | | |
| 7s, 12/1/10 | Aaa | | 1,000,000 | | 1,103,590 |
| Lorain Cnty., Elderly Hsg. Corp. Multi-Fam. | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds (Harr Plaza & Intl.), Ser. A, | | | | | |
| 6 3/8s, 7/15/19 | BBB | | 1,235,000 | | 1,240,088 |
31
| | | | | |
| MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.0%)* continued | | | | |
|
| | Rating** | | Principal amount | | Value |
|
| Ohio continued | | | | | |
| Lorain Cnty., Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Catholic Hlth. | | | | | |
| Care Refurbish & Impt.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 10/1/33 | AA– | $ | 750,000 | $ | 762,720 |
| Madeira, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds (School | | | | | |
| Impt.), MBIA, 5s, 12/1/26 (Prerefunded) | Aaa | | 1,620,000 | | 1,775,812 |
| Miami Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Upper | | | | | |
| Valley Med. Ctr.), 5 1/4s, 5/15/17 | A– | | 1,250,000 | | 1,309,850 |
| Midview, School Dist. COP (School Bldg. Fac.), | | | | | |
| 5 1/4s, 11/1/17 | A | | 2,535,000 | | 2,693,894 |
| Montgomery Cnty., Rev. Bonds (Catholic Hlth. | | | | | |
| Initiatives), Ser. A, 5s, 5/1/32 | Aa2 | | 1,000,000 | | 1,007,030 |
| Montgomery Cnty., Hosp. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Kettering Med. Ctr.), 6 3/4s, 4/1/22 | | | | | |
| (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | | 1,500,000 | | 1,631,400 |
| (Grandview Hosp. & Med Ctr.), 5.6s, | | | | | |
| 12/1/11 (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | | 580,000 | | 606,500 |
| Northwestern, School Dist. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Wayne & Ashland Cntys. School Impt.), | | | | | |
| FGIC, 7.2s, 12/1/10 | Aaa | | 660,000 | | 698,042 |
| OH Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| Ser. B, GNMA Coll., 5s, 3/1/34 | Aaa | | 1,210,000 | | 1,223,504 |
| (Res. Dev.), Ser. A, GNMA Coll., | | | | | |
| 4.6s, 9/1/28 | Aaa | | 285,000 | | 284,305 |
| (Res. Mtge.), Ser. E, GNMA Coll., FNMA | | | | | |
| Coll., FHLMC Coll., 4 1/4s, 3/1/15 | Aaa | | 480,000 | | 480,566 |
| (Res. Mtge.), Ser. C, GNMA Coll., FNMA | | | | | |
| Coll., 4.1s, 3/1/15 | Aaa | | 450,000 | | 450,815 |
| OH Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Single Fam. Mtge. | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| Ser. G, GNMA Coll., 7.14s, 3/2/23 | Aaa | | 100,000 | | 100,631 |
| Ser. 85-A, FGIC, FHA Insd., zero %, 1/15/15 | Aaa | | 15,000 | | 7,481 |
| OH State G.O. Bonds (Higher Ed.), Ser. A, | | | | | |
| 5s, 2/1/23 | Aa1 | | 2,000,000 | | 2,105,480 |
| OH State Rev. Bonds (Revitalization), Ser. A, | | | | | |
| AMBAC, 5s, 4/1/19 | Aaa | | 1,750,000 | | 1,877,873 |
| OH State Env. Impt. Rev. Bonds (USX Corp.), | | | | | |
| 5 5/8s, 5/1/29 | Baa1 | | 750,000 | | 775,943 |
| OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Mandatory Put Bonds | | | | | |
| (Kenyon College), 5.05s, 7/1/16 | A1 | | 2,000,000 | | 2,157,100 |
| OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Case Western Reserve U.), 6 1/4s, 10/1/18 | AA– | | 2,000,000 | | 2,393,960 |
| (Case Western Reserve U.), 6s, 10/1/14 | AA– | | 1,000,000 | | 1,136,200 |
| (Oberlin College), 5 1/8s, 10/1/24 | Aa2 | | 1,500,000 | | 1,581,210 |
| OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Commn. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (John Carroll U.), 5 1/2s, 11/15/18 | A2 | | 335,000 | | 362,447 |
| (John Carroll U.), 5 1/2s, 11/15/17 | A2 | | 420,000 | | 456,498 |
| (Denison U.), 5 1/8s, 11/1/21 (Prerefunded) | AA | | 2,270,000 | | 2,444,018 |
| (Oberlin College), 5s, 10/1/33 | Aa2 | | 1,000,000 | | 1,031,500 |
| (Northern U.), 4 3/4s, 5/1/19 | A2 | | 2,500,000 | | 2,531,050 |
32
| | | | | |
| MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.0%)* continued | | | | |
|
| | Rating** | | Principal amount | | Value |
|
| Ohio continued | | | | | |
| OH State Poll. Control Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Standard Oil Co.), 6 3/4s, 12/1/15 | Aa1 | $ | 3,350,000 | $ | 3,994,875 |
| OH State U. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| Ser. B, 5 1/4s, 6/1/17 | Aa2 | | 2,470,000 | | 2,667,501 |
| Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 12/1/31 | Aa2 | | 1,000,000 | | 1,040,780 |
| OH State Wtr. Dev. Auth. Poll. Control Rev. | | | | | |
| Bonds (Wtr. Quality), Ser. B, zero %, 12/1/14 | Aaa | | 3,500,000 | | 2,679,320 |
| OH State Wtr. Dev. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds (Bay Shore Power Co.), Ser. A, | | | | | |
| 5 7/8s, 9/1/20 | BB+/P | | 1,000,000 | | 1,009,320 |
| OH U. Gen. Recipients Athens Rev. Bonds, | | | | | |
| MBIA, 5s, 12/1/25 | Aaa | | 2,265,000 | | 2,361,761 |
| Powell, G.O. Bonds, FGIC, 5 1/2s, 12/1/25 | Aaa | | 1,500,000 | | 1,625,520 |
| Rickenbacker, Port Auth. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (OASBO Expanded Asset Pooled), Ser. A, | | | | | |
| 5 3/8s, 1/1/32 | A2 | | 2,165,000 | | 2,325,318 |
| River Valley, Local School Dist. G.O. Bonds | | | | | |
| (School Fac. Construction & Impt.), FSA, | | | | | |
| 5 1/4s, 11/1/23 | Aaa | | 300,000 | | 337,758 |
| Sandusky Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Memorial Hosp.) | | | | | |
| 5.15s, 1/1/10 | BBB– | | 830,000 | | 830,963 |
| 5.15s, 1/1/08 | BBB– | | 500,000 | | 500,110 |
| South Western City, School Dist. G.O. Bonds | | | | | |
| (Franklin & Pickway Cnty.), FSA, 4 3/4s, 12/1/23 | Aaa | | 2,000,000 | | 2,065,000 |
| Summit Cnty., G.O. Bonds, Ser. R, FGIC, | | | | | |
| 5 1/2s, 12/1/18 | Aaa | | 500,000 | | 571,425 |
| Tallmadge, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds | | | | | |
| (School Fac.), FSA, 5s, 12/1/26 | AAA | | 1,410,000 | | 1,479,062 |
| Toledo, G.O. Bonds (Macys), Ser. A, MBIA, | | | | | |
| 6.35s, 12/1/25 | Aaa | | 1,500,000 | | 1,533,285 |
| Toledo, Swr. Syst. Mtge. Rev. Bonds, AMBAC, | | | | | |
| 6.2s, 11/15/12 | Aaa | | 2,925,000 | | 3,287,700 |
| Toledo, Wtr. Wks. Mtge. Rev. Bonds, AMBAC, | | | | | |
| 6.2s, 11/15/12 | Aaa | | 1,175,000 | | 1,320,700 |
| Toledo-Lucas Cnty., Port Auth. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (CSX Transn, Inc.), 6.45s, 12/15/21 | Baa3 | | 1,900,000 | | 2,120,305 |
| Twin Valley, Cmnty. Local School Dist. Rev. | | | | | |
| Bonds, FGIC, 7.05s, 12/1/11 | Aaa | | 1,000,000 | | 1,082,610 |
| U. of Cincinnati COP (Jefferson Ave. Residence | | | | | |
| Hall), MBIA, 5 1/8s, 6/1/28 | Aaa | | 1,000,000 | | 1,023,190 |
| Westerville, G.O. Bonds, AMBAC, 5s, 12/1/26 | Aaa | | 1,320,000 | | 1,382,370 |
| Westerville, City School Dist. Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| (School Impt.) | | | | | |
| 6 1/4s, 12/1/09 | Aa3 | | 1,610,000 | | 1,701,013 |
| 6 1/4s, 12/1/08 | Aa3 | | 1,590,000 | | 1,635,108 |
| Woodridge, School Dist. Rev. Bonds, AMBAC, | | | | | |
| 6.8s, 12/1/14 | Aaa | | 3,000,000 | | 3,349,260 |
33
| | | | | |
| MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (97.0%)* continued | | | | |
|
| | Rating** | | Principal amount | | Value |
|
| Ohio continued | | | | | |
| Zanesville, Hsg. Dev. Corp. Mtge. Rev. Bonds, | | | | | |
| FHA Insd. | | | | | |
| 7 3/8s, 10/1/21 (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | $ | 220,000 | $ | 279,250 |
| 7 3/8s, 10/1/20 (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | | 205,000 | | 260,211 |
| 7 3/8s, 10/1/19 (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | | 185,000 | | 234,824 |
| 7 3/8s, 10/1/18 (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | | 180,000 | | 228,478 |
| 7 3/8s, 10/1/17 (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | | 160,000 | | 203,091 |
| 7 3/8s, 10/1/16 (Prerefunded) | AAA/P | | 155,000 | | 196,745 |
| | | | | | 137,866,809 |
|
| |
| Puerto Rico (4.3%) | | | | | |
| Children’s Trust Fund Tobacco Settlement | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds, 5 3/8s, 5/15/33 | BBB | | 580,000 | | 570,894 |
| Cmnwlth. of PR, Hwy. & Trans. Auth. | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds | | | | | |
| Ser. G, 5s, 7/1/33 | BBB+ | | 100,000 | | 100,237 |
| Ser. G, 5s, 7/1/33 (Prerefunded) | Aaa | | 195,000 | | 211,639 |
| Ser. K, 5s, 7/1/13 | BBB+ | | 500,000 | | 524,740 |
| Cmnwlth. of PR, Muni. Fin. Agcy. G.O. Bonds, | | | | | |
| Ser. A, FSA, 5 7/8s, 8/1/14 (Prerefunded) | Aaa | | 2,000,000 | | 2,106,480 |
| PR Hsg. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, GNMA | | | | | |
| Coll, FNMA Coll, FHLMC Coll., 4.45s, 6/1/27 | Aaa | | 680,000 | | 680,911 |
| PR Indl. Tourist Edl. Med. & Env. Control Fac. | | | | | |
| Rev. Bonds (Cogen. Fac.-AES), 6 5/8s, 6/1/26 | Baa3 | | 1,000,000 | | 1,060,880 |
| PR Muni. Fin. Agcy. G.O. Bonds, Ser. C, | | | | | |
| 5s, 8/1/10 | Baa3 | | 560,000 | | 577,937 |
| PR Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, | | | | | |
| FGIC, zero %, 8/1/41 | Aaa | | 3,000,000 | | 554,458 |
| | | | | | 6,388,176 |
|
| |
| Virgin Islands (0.6%) | | | | | |
| Tobacco Settlement Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, | | | | | |
| 5s, 5/15/21 | Baa3 | | 865,000 | | 858,288 |
|
| |
| |
| TOTAL INVESTMENTS | | | | | |
|
| Total investments (cost $137,997,799) | | | | $ | 145,113,273 |
* Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $149,661,416.
** The Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at November 30, 2007 for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at November 30, 2007. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” Security ratings are defined in the Statement of Additional Information.
†† The interest rate and date shown parenthetically represent the new interest rate to be paid and the date the fund will begin accruing dividend income at this rate.
# A portion of this security was pledged and segregated with the custodian to cover margin requirements for futures contracts at November 30, 2007.
At November 30, 2007, liquid assets totaling $3,697,295 have been designated as collateral for open swap contracts and futures contracts.
34
The rates shown on VRDN and Mandatory Put Bonds are the current interest rates at November 30, 2007. The dates shown on Mandatory Put Bonds are the next mandatory put dates.
The dates shown on debt obligations other than Mandatory Put Bonds are the original maturity dates.
The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at November 30, 2007 (as a percentage of net assets):
| |
| Local government | 37.2% |
| Education | 18.1 |
The fund had the following insurance concentrations greater than 10% at November 30, 2007 (as a percentage of net assets):
| | | | | |
| FUTURES CONTRACTS OUTSTANDING at 11/30/07 (Unaudited) |
| |
| | Number of | | | Expiration | Unrealized |
| | contracts | Value | | date | depreciation |
|
| U.S. Treasury Note 2 yr (Short) | 4 | $ 840,438 | | Mar-08 | $ (86) |
| U.S. Treasury Note 10 yr (Long) | 32 | 3,622,500 | | Mar-08 | (1,833) |
|
| Total | | | | | $(1,919) |
| | |
| | | | |
| TOTAL RETURN SWAP CONTRACTS OUTSTANDING at 11/30/07 (Unaudited) | |
| |
| | | Fixed payments | Total return | |
| Swap counterparty / | Termination | received (paid) by | received by | Unrealized |
| Notional amount | date | fund per annum | or paid by fund | appreciation |
|
| Goldman Sachs International | | | | |
| $ 900,000 | 2/28/08 | — | 4.147% minus | $39,387 |
| | | | Municipal Market | |
| | | | Data index AAA | |
| | | | municipal yields | |
| | | | 10 Year rate | |
|
| Lehman Brothers Special Financing, Inc. | | | | |
| 900,000 | 2/29/08 | — | 4.27% minus | 32,447 |
| | | | Lehman Brothers | |
| | | | Municipal Swap | |
| | | | Index | |
|
| 2,000,000 | 2/12/08 | — | 3.27% minus | 2,961 |
| | | | Municipal Market | |
| | | | Data index AAA | |
| | | | municipal yields | |
|
| |
| Total | | | | $74,795 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
35
Statement of assets and liabilities 11/30/07 (Unaudited)
| |
| ASSETS | |
|
| Investment in securities, at value (Note 1): | |
| Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $137,997,799) | $145,113,273 |
|
| Cash | 3,123,208 |
|
| Interest and other receivables | 2,484,131 |
|
| Receivable for shares of the fund sold | 203,566 |
|
| Receivable for securities sold | 310,000 |
|
| Receivable from Manager (Note 2) | 43,741 |
|
| Unrealized appreciation on swap contracts (Note 1) | 74,795 |
|
| Total assets | 151,352,714 |
| |
| LIABILITIES | |
|
| Payable for variation margin (Note 1) | 2,288 |
|
| Distributions payable to shareholders | 173,068 |
|
| Payable for securities purchased | 1,040,175 |
|
| Payable for shares of the fund repurchased | 96,956 |
|
| Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2) | 185,893 |
|
| Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2) | 20,850 |
|
| Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2) | 65,852 |
|
| Payable for administrative services (Note 2) | 1,250 |
|
| Payable for distribution fees (Note 2) | 56,215 |
|
| Other accrued expenses | 48,751 |
|
| Total liabilities | 1,691,298 |
|
| Net assets | $149,661,416 |
| |
| REPRESENTED BY | |
|
| Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4) | $144,189,854 |
|
| Undistributed net investment income (Note 1) | 69,196 |
|
| Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1) | (1,785,984) |
|
| Net unrealized appreciation of investments | 7,188,350 |
|
| Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding | $149,661,416 |
(Continued on next page)
36
Statement of assets and liabilities (Continued)
| |
| COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE | |
| Net asset value and redemption price per class A share | |
| ($136,715,367 divided by 15,167,652 shares) | $9.01 |
|
| Offering price per class A share | |
| (100/96.00 of $9.01)*† | $9.39 |
|
| Net asset value and offering price per class B share | |
| ($11,121,808 divided by 1,235,175 shares)** | $9.00 |
|
| Net asset value and offering price per class C share | |
| ($763,201 divided by 84,758 shares)** | $9.00 |
|
| Net asset value and redemption price per class M share | |
| ($1,061,040 divided by 117,618 shares) | $9.02 |
|
| Offering price per class M share | |
| (100/96.75 of $9.02)*** | $9.32 |
* On single retail sales of less than $100,000. On sales of $100,000 or more the offering price is reduced.
** Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.
*** On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.
† Reflects a maximum front-end sales charge for class A shares of 4.00% which became effective on January 2, 2008.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
37
Statement of operations Six months ended 11/30/07 (Unaudited)
| |
| INTEREST INCOME | $3,662,630 |
|
| |
| EXPENSES | |
|
| Compensation of Manager (Note 2) | 375,467 |
|
| Investor servicing fees (Note 2) | 51,298 |
|
| Custodian fees (Note 2) | 3,687 |
|
| Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2) | 12,484 |
|
| Administrative services (Note 2) | 7,674 |
|
| Distribution fees — Class A (Note 2) | 142,142 |
|
| Distribution fees — Class B (Note 2) | 51,377 |
|
| Distribution fees — Class C (Note 2) | 2,753 |
|
| Distribution fees — Class M (Note 2) | 2,813 |
|
| Other | 60,541 |
|
| Non-recurring costs (Notes 2 and 5) | 60 |
|
| Costs assumed by Manager (Notes 2 and 5) | (60) |
|
| Total expenses | 710,236 |
|
| Expense reduction (Note 2) | (52,724) |
|
| Net expenses | 657,512 |
|
| Net investment income | 3,005,118 |
|
| Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3) | (69,995) |
|
| Net realized loss on swap contracts (Note 1) | (32,433) |
|
| Net realized gain on futures contracts (Note 1) | 248,283 |
|
| Net unrealized appreciation of investments, futures contracts | |
| and swap contracts during the period | 469,884 |
|
| Net gain on investments | 615,739 |
|
| Net increase in net assets resulting from operations | $3,620,857 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
38
Statement of changes in net assets
| | |
| DECREASE IN NET ASSETS | | |
|
| | Six months ended | Year ended |
| | 11/30/07* | 5/31/07 |
|
| Operations: | | |
| Net investment income | $ 3,005,118 | $ 6,288,206 |
|
| Net realized gain on investments | 145,855 | 355,263 |
|
| Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments | 469,884 | (34,556) |
|
| Net increase in net assets resulting from operations | 3,620,857 | 6,608,913 |
|
| Distributions to shareholders (Note 1): | | |
|
| From ordinary income | | |
|
| Taxable net investment income | | |
|
| Class A | — | (7,817) |
|
| Class B | — | (898) |
|
| Class C | — | (1) |
|
| Class M | — | (74) |
|
| From tax-exempt net investment income | | |
|
| Class A | (2,793,811) | (5,735,525) |
|
| Class B | (208,281) | (547,219) |
|
| Class C | (8,860) | (1,550) |
|
| Class M | (21,335) | (48,969) |
|
| Redemption fees (Note 1) | — | 1 |
|
| Decrease from capital share transactions (Note 4) | (4,795,406) | (15,524,435) |
|
| Total decrease in net assets | (4,206,836) | (15,257,574) |
|
| |
| NET ASSETS | | |
|
| Beginning of period | 153,868,252 | 169,125,826 |
|
| End of period (including undistributed net investment | | |
| income of 69,196 and $96,365, respectively) | $149,661,416 | $153,868,252 |
* Unaudited
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
39
Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | | | | LESS DISTRIBUTIONS: | | | | RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: | |
|
| | | | Net | | | | | | Total | | | Ratio of net | |
| | Net asset | | realized and | Total | From | | | Net asset | return | Net | Ratio of | investment | |
| | value, | Net | unrealized | from | net | | | value, | at net | assets, | expenses to | income (loss) | Portfolio |
| | beginning | investment | gain (loss) on | investment | investment | Total | Redemption | end | asset | end of period | average net | to average | turnover |
| Period ended | of period | income (loss) | investments | operations | income | distributions | fees | of period | value (%)(a) | (in thousands) | assets (%)(b) | net assets (%) | (%) |
| |
| CLASS A | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| November 30, 2007** | $8.98 | .18 | .03 | .21 | (.18) | (.18) | — | $9.01 | 2.41* | $136,715 | .45* | 2.03* | 11.78* |
| May 31, 2007 | 8.97 | .36(c) | .01 | .37 | (.36) | (.36) | —(d) | 8.98 | 4.16 | 139,448 | .89(c) | 3.91(c) | 15.46 |
| May 31, 2006 | 9.22 | .35(c) | (.25) | .10 | (.35) | (.35) | — | 8.97 | 1.13 | 148,135 | .89(c) | 3.87(c) | 5.77 |
| May 31, 2005 | 8.94 | .35(c) | .28 | .63 | (.35) | (.35) | —(d) | 9.22 | 7.15 | 153,016 | .89(c) | 3.88(c) | 12.34 |
| May 31, 2004 | 9.33 | .34(c) | (.38) | (.04) | (.35) | (.35) | — | 8.94 | (.49) | 153,317 | .89(c) | 3.75(c) | 17.43 |
| May 31, 2003 | 8.87 | .36 | .46 | .82 | (.36) | (.36) | — | 9.33 | 9.48 | 183,383 | .88 | 3.94 | 25.66 |
|
| |
| CLASS B | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| November 30, 2007** | $8.97 | .15 | .03 | .18 | (.15) | (.15) | — | $9.00 | 2.08* | $11,122 | .77* | 1.71* | 11.78* |
| May 31, 2007 | 8.96 | .30(c) | .01 | .31 | (.30) | (.30) | —(d) | 8.97 | 3.47 | 12,931 | 1.53(c) | 3.27(c) | 15.46 |
| May 31, 2006 | 9.21 | .29(c) | (.25) | .04 | (.29) | (.29) | — | 8.96 | .47 | 19,643 | 1.54(c) | 3.22(c) | 5.77 |
| May 31, 2005 | 8.93 | .29(c) | .28 | .57 | (.29) | (.29) | —(d) | 9.21 | 6.47 | 25,898 | 1.54(c) | 3.23(c) | 12.34 |
| May 31, 2004 | 9.32 | .28(c) | (.38) | (.10) | (.29) | (.29) | — | 8.93 | (1.15) | 33,382 | 1.54(c) | 3.10(c) | 17.43 |
| May 31, 2003 | 8.86 | .30 | .47 | .77 | (.31) | (.31) | — | 9.32 | 8.78 | 43,983 | 1.53 | 3.30 | 25.66 |
|
| |
| CLASS C | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| November 30, 2007** | $8.97 | .15 | .03 | .18 | (.15) | (.15) | — | $9.00 | 2.00* | $763 | .84* | 1.63* | 11.78* |
| May 31, 2007† | 9.09 | .19(c) | (.12) | .07 | (.19) | (.19) | — | 8.97 | .80* | 332 | 1.11*(c) | 2.04*(c) | 15.46 |
|
| |
| CLASS M | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| November 30, 2007** | $8.98 | .17 | .04 | .21 | (.17) | (.17) | — | $9.02 | 2.38* | $1,061 | .59* | 1.88* | 11.78* |
| May 31, 2007 | 8.98 | .33(c) | —(d) | .33 | (.33) | (.33) | —(d) | 8.98 | 3.73 | 1,157 | 1.18(c) | 3.63(c) | 15.46 |
| May 31, 2006 | 9.23 | .33(c) | (.26) | .07 | (.32) | (.32) | — | 8.98 | .83 | 1,347 | 1.19(c) | 3.58(c) | 5.77 |
| May 31, 2005 | 8.94 | .33(c) | .28 | .61 | (.32) | (.32) | —(d) | 9.23 | 6.94 | 865 | 1.19(c) | 3.58(c) | 12.34 |
| May 31, 2004 | 9.33 | .32(c) | (.39) | (.07) | (.32) | (.32) | — | 8.94 | (.80) | 907 | 1.19(c) | 3.41(c) | 17.43 |
| May 31, 2003 | 8.88 | .33 | .46 | .79 | (.34) | (.34) | — | 9.33 | 9.03 | 3,457 | 1.18 | 3.64 | 25.66 |
|
* Not annualized.
** Unaudited.
† For the period October 3, 2006 (commencement of operations) to May 31, 2007.
(a) Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.
(b) Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements (Note 2).
(c) Reflects an involuntary contractual expense limitation in effect during the period. As a result of such limitation, the expenses of each class reflect a reduction of the following amounts (Note 2):
| |
| | Percentage |
| | of average |
| | net assets |
|
| May 31, 2007 | 0.01% |
|
| May 31, 2006 | 0.01 |
|
| May 31, 2005 | 0.01 |
|
| May 31, 2004 | 0.01 |
|
(d) Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Notes to financial statements 11/30/07 (Unaudited)
Note 1: Significant accounting policies
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund (the “fund”), a Massachusetts business trust, is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified, open-end management investment company. The fund seeks as high a level of current income exempt from federal income tax and Ohio personal income tax as Putnam Investment Management, LLC (“Putnam Management”), the fund’s manager, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam, LLC, believes is consistent with preservation of capital by investing primarily in a portfolio of investment-grade Ohio tax-exempt securities with intermediate- to long-term maturities. The fund may be affected by economic and political developments in the state of Ohio.
The fund offers class A, class B, class C and class M shares. Effective January 2, 2008 the fund issued class Y shares. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.00% and 3.25%, respectively, and generally do not pay contingent deferred sales charges. Prior to January 2, 2008, the class A maximum front-end sales charge was 3.75% . Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately eight years, do not pay a front-end sales charge, and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares have a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. The expenses for class A, class B, class C and class M shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2.
A 1.00% redemption fee may apply on any shares that are redeemed (either by selling or exchanging into another fund) within 7 days of purchase. The redemption fee is accounted for as an addition to paid-in-capital.
Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.
In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund expects the risk of material loss to be remote.
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
A) Security valuation Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. Certain investments are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price
42
is a good faith estimate of the value of a security at a given point in time and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.
B) Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.
Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity.
C) Futures and options contracts The fund may use futures and options contracts to hedge against changes in the values of securities the fund owns or expects to purchase, or for other investment purposes. The fund may also write options on swaps or securities it owns or in which it may invest to increase its current returns.
The potential risk to the fund is that the change in value of futures and options contracts may not correspond to the change in value of the hedged instruments. In addition, losses may arise from changes in the value of the underlying instruments, if there is an illiquid secondary market for the contracts, or if the counterparty to the contract is unable to perform. Risks may exceed amounts recognized on the Statement of assets and liabilities. When the contract is closed, the fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. Realized gains and losses on purchased options are included in realized gains and losses on investment securities. If a written call option is exercised, the premium originally received is recorded as an addition to sales proceeds. If a written put option is exercised, the premium originally received is recorded as a reduction to the cost of investments.
Futures contracts are valued at the quoted daily settlement prices established by the exchange on which they trade. The fund and the broker agree to exchange an amount of cash equal to the daily fluctuation in the value of the futures contract. Such receipts or payments are known as “variation margin.” Exchange traded options are valued at the last sale price or, if no sales are reported, the last bid price for purchased options and the last ask price for written options. Options traded over-the-counter are valued using prices supplied by dealers. Futures and written option contracts outstanding at period end, if any, are listed after the fund’s portfolio.
D) Total return swap contracts The fund may enter into total return swap contracts, which are arrangements to exchange a market linked return for a periodic payment, both based on a notional principal amount. To the extent that the total return of the security, index or other financial measure underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, the fund will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty. Total return swap contracts are marked to market daily based upon quotations from market makers and the change, if any, is recorded as unrealized gain or loss. Payments received or made are recorded as realized gains or losses. Certain total return swap contracts may include extended effective dates. Income related to these swap contracts is accrued based on the terms of the contract. The fund could be exposed to credit or market risk due to unfavorable changes in the fluctuation of interest rates or in the price of the underlying security or index, the possibility that there is no liquid market for these agreements or that the counterparty may default on its obligation to perform. Risk of loss may exceed amounts recognized on the Statement of assets and liabilities. Total return swap contracts outstanding at period end, if any, are listed after the fund’s portfolio.
E) Interest rate swap contracts The fund may enter into interest rate swap contracts, which are arrangements between two parties to exchange
43
cash flows based on a notional principal amount, to manage the fund’s exposure to interest rates. Interest rate swap contracts are marked to market daily based upon quotations from an independent pricing service or market makers and the change, if any, is recorded as unrealized gain or loss. Payments received or made are recorded as realized gains or losses. Certain interest rate swap contracts may include extended effective dates. Income related to these swap contracts is accrued based on the terms of the contract. The fund could be exposed to credit or market risk due to unfavorable changes in the fluctuation of interest rates or if the counterparty defaults on its obligation to perform. Risk of loss may exceed amounts recognized on the Statement of assets and liabilities. Interest rate swap contracts outstanding at period end, if any, are listed after the fund’s portfolio.
F) Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), as amended, applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code, as amended. Therefore, no provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains.
At May 31, 2007, the fund had a capital loss carryover of $1,035,567 available to the extent allowed by the Code to offset future net capital gain, if any. The amount of the carryover and the expiration dates are:
| |
| Loss Carryover | Expiration |
|
| $675,322 | May 31, 2009 |
|
| 360,245 | May 31, 2010 |
|
The aggregate identified cost on a tax basis is $137,997,799, resulting in gross unrealized appreciation and depreciation of $7,417,651 and $302,177, respectively, or net unrealized appreciation of $7,115,474.
G) Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. Dividend sources are estimated at the time of declaration. Actual results may vary. Any non-taxable return of capital cannot be determined until final tax calculations are completed after the end of the fund’s fiscal year. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations.
Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions
Putnam Management is paid for management and investment advisory services quarterly based on the average net assets of the fund. Such fee is based on the lesser of (i) an annual rate of 0.50% of the average net assets of the fund or (ii) the following annual rates expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets: 0.60% of the first $500 million, 0.50% of the next $500 million, 0.45% of the next $500 million, 0.40% of the next $5 billion, 0.375% of the next $5 billion, 0.355% of the next $5 billion, 0.34% of the next $5 billion and 0.33% thereafter.
Putnam Management has agreed to waive fees and reimburse expenses of the fund through June 30, 2009 to the extent necessary to ensure that the fund’s expenses do not exceed the simple average of the expenses of all front-end load funds viewed by Lipper Inc. as having the same investment classification or objective as the fund. The expense reimbursement is based on a comparison of the fund’s expenses with the average annualized operating expenses of the funds in its Lipper peer group for each calendar quarter during the fund’s last fiscal year, excluding 12b-1 fees and without giving effect to any expense
44
offset and brokerage service arrangements that may reduce fund expenses. For the period ended November 30, 2007, Putnam Management did not waive any of its management fee from the fund.
Effective August 3, 2007, Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. sold its ownership interest in Putnam Management, its parent companies and affiliates to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Great-West Lifeco, Inc. The fund’s shareholders have approved a new management contract for the fund that became effective upon the sale.
For the period ended November 30, 2007, Putnam Management has assumed $60 of legal, shareholder servicing and communication, audit and Trustee fees incurred by the fund in connection with certain legal and regulatory matters (including those described in Note 5).
The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.
Custodial services for the fund’s assets were provided by Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company (“PFTC”), an affiliate of Putnam Management, and by State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”). Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings, transaction volumes and with respect to PFTC, certain fees related to the transition of assets to State Street. Putnam Investor Services, a division of PFTC, provided investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services received fees for investor servicing, subject to certain limitations, based on the number of shareholder accounts in the fund and the level of defined contribution plan assets in the fund. During the period ended November 30, 2007, the fund incurred $52,564 for custody and investor servicing agent functions provided by PFTC.
The fund has entered into arrangements with PFTC and State Street whereby PFTC’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the six months ended November 30, 2007, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $52,724 under these arrangements. Each independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $286, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees receive additional fees for attendance at certain committee meetings and industry seminars and for certain compliance-related matters. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.
The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the “Deferral Plan”) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan. The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of ope rations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.
The fund has adopted distribution plans (the “Plans”) with respect to its class A, class B, class C and class M shares pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
45
Putnam, LLC and Putnam Retail Management GP, Inc., for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide for payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management at an annual rate of up to 0.35%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 1.00% of the average net assets attributable to class A, class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the annual rate of 0.85%, 1.00% and 0.50% of the average net assets for class B, class C and class M shares, respectively. For class A shares, the annual payment rate will equal the weighted average of (i) 0.20% on the net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares purchased and paid for prior to April 1, 2005 and (ii) 0.25% on all other net assets of the fund attributable to class A shares.
For the six months ended November 30, 2007, Putnam Retail Management, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $2,552 and $11 from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received $3,762 and no monies in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares, respectively.
A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares that were purchased without an initial sales charge as part of an investment of $1 million or more. For the six months ended November 30, 2007, Putnam Retail Management, acting as underwriter, received no monies on class A redemptions.
Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities
During the six months ended November 30, 2007, cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of investment securities other than short-term investments aggregated $17,340,594 and $21,323,801, respectively. There were no purchases or sales of U.S. government securities.
Note 4: Capital shares
At November 30, 2007, there was an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:
| | |
| CLASS A | Shares | Amount |
|
| Six months ended 11/30/07: | |
| Shares sold | 474,828 | $ 4,248,975 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 219,346 | 1,963,032 |
|
| | 694,174 | 6,212,007 |
|
| Shares | | |
| repurchased | (1,062,344) | (9,485,279) |
|
| Net decrease | (368,170) | $ (3,273,272) |
| |
| Year ended 5/31/07: | | |
| Shares sold | 991,085 | $ 8,964,107 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 475,089 | 4,297,478 |
|
| | 1,466,174 | 13,261,585 |
|
| Shares | | |
| repurchased | (2,445,054) | (22,144,112) |
|
| Net decrease | (978,880) | $ (8,882,527) |
|
| |
| CLASS B | Shares | Amount |
|
| Six months ended 11/30/07: | |
| Shares sold | 10,875 | $ 96,969 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 16,963 | 151,624 |
|
| | 27,838 | 248,593 |
|
| Shares | | |
| repurchased | (234,791) | (2,098,199) |
|
| Net decrease | (206,953) | $(1,849,606) |
| |
| Year ended 5/31/07: | | |
| Shares sold | 32,487 | $ 292,218 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 43,657 | 394,431 |
|
| | 76,144 | 686,649 |
|
| Shares repurchased | (825,952) | (7,470,599) |
|
| Net decrease | (749,808) | $(6,783,950) |
46
| | |
| CLASS C | Shares | Amount |
|
| Six months ended 11/30/07: | |
| Shares sold | 47,548 | $425,374 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 251 | 2,246 |
|
| | 47,799 | 427,620 |
|
| Shares | | |
| repurchased | (12) | (97) |
|
| Net increase | 47,787 | $427,523 |
| |
| For the period 10/3/06 (commencement of operations) to 5/31/07: |
| | | |
| Shares sold | 36,860 | $333,482 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 111 | 1,004 |
|
| | 36,971 | 334,486 |
|
| Shares repurchased | — | — |
|
| Net increase | 36,971 | $334,486 |
| | |
| CLASS M | Shares | Amount |
|
| Six months ended 11/30/07: | |
| Shares sold | 777 | $ 6,954 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 1,866 | 16,716 |
|
| | 2,643 | 23,670 |
|
| Shares repurchased | (13,834) | (123,721) |
|
| Net decrease | (11,191) | $(100,051) |
| |
| Year ended 5/31/07: | | |
| Shares sold | 3,311 | $ 30,055 |
|
| Shares issued | | |
| in connection | | |
| with reinvestment | | |
| of distributions | 4,360 | 39,481 |
|
| | 7,671 | 69,536 |
|
| Shares repurchased | (28,940) | (261,980) |
|
| Net decrease | (21,269) | $(192,444) |
At November 30, 2007, Putnam, LLC owned 1,142 class C shares of the fund (1% of class C shares outstanding), valued at $10,278.
Note 5: Regulatory matters and litigation
In late 2003 and 2004, Putnam Management settled charges brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the Massachusetts Securities Division in connection with excessive short-term trading in Putnam funds. Payments from Putnam Management will be distributed to certain open-end Putnam funds and their shareholders. These allegations and related matters have served as the general basis for certain lawsuits, including purported class action lawsuits against Putnam Management and, in a limited number of cases, some Putnam funds. Putnam Management believes that these lawsuits will have no material adverse effect on the funds or on Putnam Management’s ability to provide investment management services. In addition, Putnam Management has agreed to bear any costs incurred by the Putnam funds as a result of these matters.
Putnam Management and Putnam Retail Management are named as defendants in a civil suit in which the plaintiffs allege that the management and distribution fees paid by certain Putnam funds were excessive and seek recovery under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Putnam Management and Putnam Retail Management have contested the plaintiffs’ claims and the matter is currently pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts. Based on currently available information, Putnam Management believes that this action is without merit and that it is unlikely to have a material effect on Putnam Management’s and Putnam Retail Management’s ability to provide services to their clients, including the fund.
Note 6: New accounting pronouncements
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation No. 48,
47
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (the “Interpretation”). The Interpretation prescribes a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken by a filer in the filer’s tax return. Upon adoption, the Interpretation did not have a material effect on the fund’s financial statements. However, the conclusions regarding the Interpretation may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, further implementation guidance expected from the FASB, and on-going analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (the “Standard”). The Standard defines fair value, sets out a framework for measuring fair value and requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements. The Standard applies to fair value measurements already required or permitted by existing standards. The Standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Putnam Management is currently evaluating what impact the adoption of the Standard will have on the fund’s financial statements.
48
Fund information
Founded 70 years ago, Putnam Investments was built around the concept that a balance between risk and reward is the hallmark of a well-rounded financial program. We manage over 100 mutual funds in growth, value, blend, fixed income, and international.
| | |
| Investment Manager | Officers | Francis J. McNamara, III |
| Putnam Investment | Charles E. Haldeman, Jr. | Vice President and |
| Management, LLC | President | Chief Legal Officer |
| One Post Office Square | | |
| Boston, MA 02109 | Charles E. Porter | Robert R. Leveille |
| Executive Vice President, | Vice President and |
| Marketing Services | Principal Executive Officer, | Chief Compliance Officer |
| Putnam Retail Management | Associate Treasurer and | |
| One Post Office Square | Compliance Liaison | Mark C. Trenchard |
| Boston, MA 02109 | | Vice President and |
| Jonathan S. Horwitz | BSA Compliance Officer |
| Custodian | Senior Vice President | |
| State Street Bank and | and Treasurer | Judith Cohen |
| Trust Company | | Vice President, Clerk and |
| Steven D. Krichmar | Assistant Treasurer |
| Legal Counsel | Vice President and | |
| Ropes & Gray LLP | Principal Financial Officer | Wanda M. McManus |
| | Vice President, Senior Associate |
| Trustees | Janet C. Smith | Treasurer and Assistant Clerk |
| John A. Hill, Chairman | Vice President, Principal | |
| Jameson Adkins Baxter, | Accounting Officer and | Nancy E. Florek |
| Vice Chairman | Assistant Treasurer | Vice President, Assistant Clerk, |
| Charles B. Curtis | | Assistant Treasurer and |
| Robert J. Darretta | Susan G. Malloy | Proxy Manager |
| Myra R. Drucker | Vice President and | |
| Charles E. Haldeman, Jr. | Assistant Treasurer | |
| Paul L. Joskow | | |
| Elizabeth T. Kennan | Beth S. Mazor | |
| Kenneth R. Leibler | Vice President | |
| Robert E. Patterson | | |
| George Putnam, III | James P. Pappas | |
| W. Thomas Stephens | Vice President | |
| Richard B. Worley | | |
| Richard S. Robie, III | |
| Vice President | |
This report is for the information of shareholders of Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund. It may also be used as sales literature when preceded or accompanied by the current prospectus, the most recent copy of Putnam’s Quarterly Performance Summary, and Putnam’s Quarterly Ranking Summary. For more recent performance, please visit www.putnam.com. Investors should carefully consider the investment objective, risks, charges, and expenses of a fund, which are described in its prospectus. For this and other information or to request a prospectus, call 1-800-225-1581 toll free. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing. The fund’s Statement of Additional Information contains additional information about the fund’s Trustees and is available without charge upon request by calling 1-800-225-1581.
Item 2. Code of Ethics:
Not applicable
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert:
Not applicable
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services:
Not applicable
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants
Not applicable
Item 6. Schedule of Investments:
The registrant’s schedule of investments in unaffiliated issuers is included in the report to shareholders in Item 1 above.
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures For Closed-End Management Investment Companies:
Not applicable
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Investment Companies
Not Applicable
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Companies and Affiliated Purchasers:
Not applicable
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders:
Not applicable
Item 11. Controls and Procedures:
(a) The registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report, that the design and operation of such procedures are generally effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms.
(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting: Not applicable
Item 12. Exhibits:
(a)(1) Not applicable
(a)(2) Separate certifications for the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.
(b) The certifications required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
By (Signature and Title):
/s/Janet C. Smith
Janet C. Smith
Principal Accounting Officer
Date: January 28, 2008
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By (Signature and Title):
/s/Charles E. Porter
Charles E. Porter
Principal Executive Officer
Date: January 28, 2008
By (Signature and Title):
/s/Steven D. Krichmar
Steven D. Krichmar
Principal Financial Officer
Date: January 28, 2008
