Basis of Presentation | Note 1 — Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the condensed consolidated statement of equity for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 have been prepared by the management of Viasat, Inc. (also referred to hereafter as the Company or Viasat), and have not been audited. These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s results for the periods presented. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interim operating results are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full year. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Viasat, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its majority-owned subsidiary, TrellisWare Technologies, Inc. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2019, Euro Broadband Retail Sàrl (Euro Broadband Retail), which was previously a majority-owned subsidiary, became a wholly owned subsidiary when the Company purchased the remaining 49% interest in Euro Broadband Retail for an insignificant amount. All significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Investments in entities in which the Company can exercise significant influence, but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control, are accounted for using the equity method and are included as investment in unconsolidated affiliate in other assets (long-term) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best available information and actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates made by management include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, self-insurance reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts, warranty accruals, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, patents, orbital slots and other licenses, software development, property, equipment and satellites, long-lived assets, derivatives, contingencies and income taxes including the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Revenue recognition Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (commonly referred to as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606). This update established ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs – Contracts with Customers. In order to assess the impact of the new accounting standards, the Company applied the new standards to all open contracts existing as of April 1, 2018. The Company elected the practical expedient to reflect the aggregate effect of all contract modifications occurring before April 1, 2018 when identifying the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations. The aggregated effect of applying this practical expedient did not have a significant impact on the Company’s conclusions. To reflect the adoption of the new standards, the Company and its equity method investment investee elected to use the “modified retrospective method , ” which resulted in the Company recording the retrospective cumulative effect to the opening balance of retained earnings. The following table presents the summary of the impact of adopting the new standards: As of March 31, 2018 Adjustments Due to ASC 606 As of April 1, 2018 (In thousands) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets: Accounts receivable, net $ 267,665 $ (5,664 ) $ 262,001 Inventories 196,307 1,623 197,930 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 77,135 18,098 95,233 Other assets 686,134 19,107 705,241 Accrued liabilities 263,676 5,916 269,592 Retained earnings 285,960 27,248 313,208 The key impact of adoption is the deferral of commissions primarily in the Company’s satellite services segment, which were historically expensed as incurred as further described below. The Company applied the five-step model under ASC 606 to its contracts with its customers to determine the impact of the new standard. Under this model the Company (1) identifies the contract with the customer, (2) identifies its performance obligations in the contract, (3) determines the transaction price for the contract, (4) allocates the transaction price to its performance obligations and (5) recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies its performance obligations. These performance obligations generally include the purchase of services (including broadband capacity and the leasing of broadband equipment), the purchase of products, and requirements to develop and deliver complex equipment built to customer specifications under long-term contracts. Performance obligations The timing of satisfaction of performance obligations may require judgment. The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenues from contracts with customers for services, primarily connectivity services including leasing of related broadband equipment. These contracts typically require advance or recurring monthly payments by the customer. The Company’s obligation to provide connectivity services is satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided. The measure of progress over time is based upon either a period of time (e.g., over the estimated contractual term) or usage (e.g., bandwidth used/bytes of data processed). From a recognition perspective, the leasing of broadband equipment is evaluated in accordance with the authoritative guidance for leases (ASC 840). The Company’s accounting for equipment leases involves specific determinations under ASC 840, which may involve complex provisions and significant judgments. In accordance with ASC 840, the Company applies the following criteria to determine the nature of the lease (e.g., as an operating or sales type lease): (1) review for transfers of ownership of the equipment to the lessee by the end of the lease term, (2) review of the lease terms to determine if it contains an option to purchase the leased equipment for a price which is sufficiently lower than the expected fair value of the equipment at the date of the option, (3) review of the lease term to determine if it is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment, and (4) review of the present value of the minimum lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease. Additionally, the Company considers the cancelability of the contract and any related uncertainty of collections or risk in recoverability of the lease investment at lease inception. Revenue from sales type leases is recognized at the inception of the lease or when the equipment has been delivered and installed at the customer site, if installation is required. Revenues from equipment rentals under operating leases are recognized as earned over the lease term, which is generally on a straight-line basis. The Company also derives a portion of its revenues from contracts with customers to provide products. Performance obligations to provide products are satisfied at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. These contracts typically require payment by the customer upon passage of control and determining the point at which control is transferred may require judgment. To identify the point at which control is transferred to the customer, the Company considers indicators that include, but are not limited to whether (1) the Company has the present right to payment for the asset, (2) the customer has legal title to the asset, (3) physical possession of the asset has been transferred to the customer, (4) the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, and (5) the customer has accepted the asset. For product revenues, control generally passes to the customer upon delivery of goods to the customer. The vast majority of the Company’s revenues from long-term contracts to develop and deliver complex equipment built to customer specifications are derived from contracts with the U.S. government (including foreign military sales contracted through the U.S. government). The Company’s contracts with the U.S. government typically are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and are priced based on estimated or actual costs of producing goods or providing services. The FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services provided under U.S. government contracts. The pricing for non-U.S. government contracts is based on the specific negotiations with each customer. Under the typical payment terms of the Company’s U.S. government fixed-price contracts, the customer pays the Company either performance-based payments (PBPs) or progress payments. PBPs are interim payments based on quantifiable measures of performance or on the achievement of specified events or milestones. Progress payments are interim payments based on a percentage of the costs incurred as the work progresses. Because the customer can often retain a portion of the contract price until completion of the contract, the Company’s U.S. government fixed-price contracts generally result in revenue recognized in excess of billings which the Company presents as unbilled accounts receivable on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from the Company’s customers are classified as receivables on the balance sheet. The portion of the payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer. For the Company’s U.S. government cost-type contracts, the customer generally pays the Company for its actual costs incurred within a short period of time. For non-U.S. government contracts, the Company typically receives interim payments as work progresses, although for some contracts, the Company may be entitled to receive an advance payment. The Company recognizes a liability for these advance payments in excess of revenue recognized and presents it as collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues on the balance sheet. An advance payment is not typically considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and to protect the Company from the other party failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract. Performance obligations related to developing and delivering complex equipment built to customer specifications under long-term contracts are recognized over time as these performance obligations do not create assets with an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance to date. To measure the transfer of control, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company generally uses the cost-to-cost measure of progress for its contracts because that best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as the Company incurs costs on its contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a performance obligation exceed total estimates of revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the performance obligation is recognized in the period the loss is determined. Contract costs on U.S. government contracts are subject to audit and review by the Defense Contracting Management Agency (DCMA), the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), and other U.S. government agencies, as well as negotiations with U.S. government representatives. The Company’s incurred cost audits by the DCAA have not been concluded for fiscal years 2016 through 2018. As of December 31, 2018, the DCAA had completed its incurred cost audit for fiscal year 2004 and approved the Company’s incurred cost claims for fiscal years 2005 through 2015 without further audit. Although the Company has recorded contract revenues subsequent to fiscal year 2015 based upon an estimate of costs that the Company believes will be approved upon final audit or review, the Company does not know the outcome of any ongoing or future audits or reviews and adjustments, and if future adjustments exceed the Company’s estimates, its profitability would be adversely affected. As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company had $4.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively, in contract-related reserves for its estimate of potential refunds to customers for potential cost adjustments on several multi-year U.S. government cost reimbursable contracts (see Note 8). Evaluation of transaction price The evaluation of transaction price, including the amounts allocated to performance obligations, may require significant judgments. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of the Company’s performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue, and where applicable the cost at completion, is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. The Company’s contracts may contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions, including the potential for significant financing components, that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These amounts, which are sometimes variable, can be dictated by performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets, the timing of payments, and customer discretion. The Company estimates variable consideration at the amount to which it expects to be entitled. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to the Company. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. If a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, the total transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services underlying each performance obligation. Estimating standalone selling prices may require judgment. When available, the Company utilizes the observable price of a good or service when the Company sells that good or service separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. If a standalone selling price is not directly observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price by considering all information (including market conditions, specific factors, and information about the customer or class of customer) that is reasonably available. Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations The Company’s remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm contracts and orders for which work has not been performed. The Company includes in its remaining performance obligations only those contracts and orders for which it has accepted purchase orders. Remaining performance obligations associated with the Company’s subscribers for fixed consumer and business broadband services in its satellite services segment exclude month-to-month service contracts in accordance with a practical expedient and are estimated using a portfolio approach in which the Company reviews all relevant promotional activities and calculates the remaining performance obligation using the average service component for the portfolio and the average time remaining under the contract. The Company’s future recurring in-flight connectivity (IFC) service contracts in its satellite services segment, do not have minimum service purchase requirements and therefore are not included in the Company’s remaining performance obligations. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $1.8 billion, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately half over the next twelve months, with the balance recognized thereafter. Disaggregation of revenue The Company operates and manages its business in three reportable segments: satellite services, commercial networks and government systems. Revenue is disaggregated by products and services, customer type, contract type, and geographic area, respectively, as the Company believes this approach best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following sets forth disaggregated reported revenue by segment and product and services for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018: Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Satellite Services Commercial Networks Government Systems Total Revenues (In thousands) Product revenues $ — $ 115,409 $ 186,456 $ 301,865 Service revenues 177,651 11,568 63,610 252,829 Total revenues $ 177,651 $ 126,977 $ 250,066 $ 554,694 Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018 Satellite Services Commercial Networks Government Systems Total Revenues (In thousands) Product revenues $ — $ 304,732 $ 495,697 $ 800,429 Service revenues 494,174 31,831 184,603 710,608 Total revenues $ 494,174 $ 336,563 $ 680,300 $ 1,511,037 Revenues from the U.S. government as an individual customer comprised approximately 23% and 27% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, mainly reported within the government systems segment. The Company’s commercial customers, mainly reported within the commercial networks and satellite services segments, comprised approximately 77% and 73% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company’s satellite services segment revenues are primarily derived from the Company’s fixed broadband services, IFC services and worldwide managed network services. Revenues in the Company’s commercial networks and government systems segments are primarily derived from three types of contracts: fixed-price, cost-reimbursement and time-and-materials contracts. Fixed-price contracts (which require the Company to provide products and services under a contract at a specified price) comprised approximately 89% Historically, a significant portion of the Company’s revenues in its commercial networks and government systems segments has been derived from customer contracts that include the development of products. The development efforts are conducted in direct response to the customer’s specific requirements and, accordingly, expenditures related to such efforts are included in cost of sales when incurred and the related funding (which includes a profit component) is included in revenues. Revenues for the Company’s funded development from its customer contracts were approximately 18% and 17% of its total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Revenues by geographic area for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 were as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2018 (In thousands) U.S. customers $ 492,681 $ 1,341,073 Non U.S. customers 62,013 169,964 Total revenues $ 554,694 $ 1,511,037 The Company distinguishes revenues from external customers by geographic area based on customer location. Contract balances Contract balances consist of contract asset and contract liability. A contract asset, or with respect to the Company, an unbilled accounts receivable, is recorded when revenue is recognized in advance of the Company’s right to bill and receive consideration, typically resulting from sales under long-term contracts. Unbilled accounts receivable are generally expected to be billed and collected within one year. The unbilled accounts receivable will decrease as provided service or delivered products are billed. The Company receives payments from customers based on a billing schedule established in the Company’s contracts. When consideration is received in advance of the delivery of goods or services, a contract liability, or with respect to the Company, collections in excess of revenues or deferred revenues, is recorded. Reductions in the collections in excess of revenues or deferred revenues will be recorded as the Company satisfies the performance obligations. The following table presents contract assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and April 1, 2018: As of December 31, 2018 As of April 1, 2018 (In thousands) Unbilled accounts receivable $ 87,085 $ 79,492 Collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues 127,286 127,355 Deferred revenues, long-term portion 81,877 77,831 During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized revenue of $12.6 million and $94.7 million, respectively, related to the Company’s collections in excess of revenues and deferred revenues at April 1, 2018. Other assets and deferred costs – contracts with customers The adoption of ASU 2014-09 also included the establishment of ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs – Contracts with Customers. The new standard requires the recognition of an asset from the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, if the Company expects to recover those costs. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that the Company incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained. ASC 340-40 also requires the recognition of an asset from the costs incurred to fulfill a contract when (1) the costs relate directly to a contract or to an anticipated contract that the Company can specifically identify, (2) the costs generate or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying (or in continuing to satisfy) performance obligations in the future, and (3) the costs are expected to be recovered. Adoption of the standard has resulted in the recognition of an asset related to commission costs incurred primarily in the Company’s satellite services segment, and recognition of an asset related to costs incurred to fulfill contracts. Costs to acquire customer contracts are amortized over the estimated customer contract life. Costs to fulfill customer contracts are amortized in proportion to the revenue to which the costs relate. For contracts with an estimated amortization period of less than one year, the Company elected the practical expedient and expenses incremental costs immediately. The Company’s deferred customer contract acquisition costs and costs to fulfill contract balances were $49.5 million and $8.7 million as of December 31, 2018, respectively. Of the Company’s total deferred customer contract acquisition costs and costs to fulfill contracts, $19.6 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $38.6 million was included in other assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. For total deferred customer contract acquisition costs and contract fulfillment costs, the Company’s amortization and reduction of carrying value associated with contract termination was $10.6 million and $30.9 million, for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Comparative results The Company adopted ASC 606 as of April 1, 2018 using the “modified retrospective method” under which the Company is required to provide additional disclosures comparing results to previous accounting standards. Accordingly, the following table presents the Company’s reported results under ASC 606 and the Company’s pro forma results using the historical accounting method under ASC 605 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and as of December 31, 2018: Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 As Reported Impact of ASC 606 Historical Accounting Method (In thousands, except per share data) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss): Product revenues $ 301,865 $ (789 ) $ 301,076 Service revenues 252,829 (771 ) 252,058 Total revenues 554,694 (1,560 ) 553,134 Cost of product revenues 226,020 (522 ) 225,498 Cost of service revenues 176,686 (47 ) 176,639 Selling, general and administrative 114,566 1,038 115,604 Independent research and development 28,928 1,658 30,586 Income from operations 6,007 (3,687 ) 2,320 Interest expense (14,896 ) 1,084 (13,812 ) Loss before income taxes (8,858 ) (2,603 ) (11,461 ) Provision for income taxes (3,230 ) 1,970 (1,260 ) Net loss (10,737 ) (633 ) (11,370 ) Net loss attributable to Viasat, Inc. (10,404 ) (633 ) (11,037 ) Basic net loss per share attributable to Viasat, Inc. common stockholders $ (0.17 ) $ (0.01 ) $ (0.18 ) Diluted net loss per share attributable to Viasat, Inc. common stockholders $ (0.17 ) $ (0.01 ) $ (0.18 ) Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018 As Reported Impact of ASC 606 Historical Accounting Method (In thousands, except per share data) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss): Product revenues $ 800,429 $ (4,990 ) $ 795,439 Service revenues 710,608 (2,348 ) 708,260 Total revenues 1,511,037 (7,338 ) 1,503,699 Cost of product revenues 616,368 (3,669 ) 612,699 Cost of service revenues 523,348 (117 ) 523,231 Selling, general and administrative 340,328 7,247 347,575 Independent research and development 93,661 5,903 99,564 Loss from operations (70,043 ) (16,702 ) (86,745 ) Interest expense (40,294 ) 3,087 (37,207 ) Loss before income taxes (110,241 ) (13,614 ) (123,855 ) Benefit from income taxes 35,679 3,725 39,404 Net loss (71,832 ) (9,890 ) (81,722 ) Net loss attributable to Viasat, Inc. (70,138 ) (9,890 ) (80,028 ) Basic net loss per share attributable to Viasat, Inc. common stockholders $ (1.17 ) $ (0.17 ) $ (1.34 ) Diluted net loss per share attributable to Viasat, Inc. common stockholders $ (1.17 ) $ (0.17 ) $ (1.34 ) As of December 31, 2018 As Reported Impact of ASC 606 Historical Accounting Method (In thousands) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets: Accounts receivable, net $ 295,325 $ 2,047 $ 297,372 Inventories 230,122 (1,744 ) 228,378 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 115,844 (17,620 ) 98,224 Other assets 744,851 (25,104 ) 719,747 Accrued liabilities 292,260 (5,282 ) 286,978 Retained earnings 243,070 (37,138 ) 205,932 Advertising costs In accordance with the authoritative guidance for advertising costs (ASC 720-35), advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses. Advertising expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $12.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $29.1 million and $6.7 million, respectively. Property, equipment and satellites Satellites and other property and equipment, including internally developed software, are recorded at cost or, in the case of certain satellites and other property acquired, the fair value at the date of acquisition, net of accumulated depreciation. Capitalized satellite costs consist primarily of the costs of satellite construction and launch, including launch insurance and insurance during the period of in-orbit testing, the net present value of performance incentives expected to be payable to satellite manufacturers (dependent on the continued satisfactory performance of the satellites), costs directly associated with the monitoring and support of satellite construction, and interest costs incurred during the period of satellite construction. The Company also constructs earth stations, network operations systems and other assets to support its satellites, and those construction costs, including interest, are capitalized as incurred. At the time satellites are placed in service, the Company estimates the useful life of its satellites for depreciation purposes based upon an analysis of each satellite’s performance against the original manufacturer’s orbital design life, estimated fuel levels and related consumption rates, as well as historical satellite operating trends. Costs related to internally developed software for internal uses are capitalized after the preliminary project stage is complete and are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Costs incurred for additions to property, equipment and satellites, together with major renewals and betterments, are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining life of the underlying asset. Costs incurred for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals and betterments are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in operations, which for the periods presented, primarily related to losses incurred for unreturned customer premise equipment (CPE). The Company computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from two to 24 years . Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the life of the improvement. Interest expense is capitalized on the carrying value of assets under construction, in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the capitalization of interest (ASC 835-20). With respect to the ViaSat-3 class satellites, gateway and networking equipment and other assets under construction, the Company capitalized $15.6 million and $29.3 million of interest expense for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. With respect to the ViaSat-2 satellite, ViaSat-3 class satellites, gateway and networking equipment and other assets under construction, the Company capitalized $15.8 million and $46.5 million of interest expense for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company owns three satellites in service: ViaSat-2 (its second-generation high-capacity Ka-band spot-beam satellite, which was placed into service in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018), ViaSat-1 (its first-generation high-capacity Ka-band spot-beam satellite, which was placed into service in January 2012) and WildBlue-1 (which was placed into service in March 2007). The Company currently has two third-generation ViaSat-3 class satellites that have entered the phase of full construction. The Company also has an exclusive prepaid lifetime capital lease of Ka-band capacity over the contiguous United States on Te |