SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation In the opinion of management of the Company, the accompanying unaudited financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted in this Form 10-Q report pursuant to certain rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These financial statements should be read with the financial statements and notes included in Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on April 30, 2015. As discussed more fully in Note 3, on February 11, 2015, Legacy Dawson completed the merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legacy TGC (“Merger Sub”), with Legacy Dawson continuing after the merger as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legacy TGC (the “Merger”). The Merger was accounted for as a purchase of Legacy TGC by Legacy Dawson in a “reverse acquisition” because the existing shareholders of Legacy TGC prior to the Merger did not have voting control of the combined entity after the Merger. In a reverse acquisition, the accounting treatment differs from the legal form of the transaction, as the continuing legal parent entity, Legacy TGC, is not assumed to be the acquirer and the financial statements of the combined entity are those of the accounting acquirer, Legacy Dawson, including any comparative prior year financial statements presented by the combined entity. Accordingly, the financial results of the Company for the three months ended September 30, 2015 presented in this Form 10-Q are compared to the results for Legacy Dawson for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The financial results for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 presented in this Form 10-Q reflect the operations of Legacy Dawson for the period January 1 through February 11, 2015 and the operations of the merged entity for the period February 12 through September 30, 2015. Such results are compared to the results for Legacy Dawson for the period January 1 through September 30, 2014. Additionally, all historical equity accounts and awards of Legacy Dawson, including par value per share, share and per share numbers, have been adjusted to reflect the number of shares received in the Merger. Further, in connection with the Merger, Legacy Dawson changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31. The Company’s 2015 fiscal year will cover the period from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015. Significant Accounting Policies The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires that certain assumptions and estimates be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Because of the use of assumptions and estimates inherent in the reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 include the accounts of Legacy Dawson and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Dawson Seismic Services Holdings, Inc. and Eagle Canada Seismic Services ULC, which was formerly known as Dawson Seismic Services ULC (collectively, the “Legacy Dawson Subsidiaries”). The consolidated financial statements for the three months ended September 30, 2015 include the accounts of the merged entity, including Legacy Dawson and the Legacy Dawson Subsidiaries, together with Tidelands Geophysical Co., Inc., Exploration Surveys, Inc. and Eagle Canada, Inc. (collectively, the “Legacy TGC Subsidiaries”). The consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 include (i) the accounts of Legacy Dawson and the Legacy Dawson Subsidiaries for the fiscal period from January 1, 2015 through February 11, 2015 and (ii) the accounts of the merged entity, including Legacy Dawson, the Legacy Dawson Subsidiaries and the Legacy TGC Subsidiaries for the fiscal period from February 12, 2015 through September 30, 2015. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Cash Equivalents. The Company considers demand deposits, certificates of deposit, overnight investments, money market funds and all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Management prepares its allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based on its review of past-due accounts, its past experience of historical write-offs and its current client base. While the collectability of outstanding client invoices is continually assessed, the inherent volatility of the energy industry’s business cycle can cause swift and unpredictable changes in the financial stability of the Company’s clients. Property, Plant and Equipment. As discussed more fully in Note 3, the Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition, and the Company accounted for the transaction by using Legacy Dawson’s historical information and accounting policies and adding the assets and liabilities of Legacy TGC as of the completion date of the Merger at their respective fair values. As a result, Legacy Dawson’s property, plant and equipment is capitalized at historical cost and depreciated over the useful life of the assets and Legacy TGC’s property, plant and equipment is capitalized at its estimated fair values as of the merger date and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the assets. Management’s estimation of the useful life of assets is based on circumstances that exist in the seismic industry and information available at the time of the purchase of the asset. As circumstances change and new information becomes available, these estimates could change. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheet, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the results of operations for the period. For purposes of measuring the estimated fair value of the Legacy TGC assets acquired in the Merger, the Company used the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure.” ASC No. 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). Market participants are assumed to be buyers and sellers in the principal (most advantageous) market for the asset or liability. Additionally, under ASC No. 820, fair value measurements for an asset assume the highest and best use of that asset by market participants. As a result, the Company may be required to value assets of Legacy TGC at fair value measures that do not reflect the Company’s intended use of those assets. Use of different estimates and judgments could yield different results. Impairment of Long-lived Assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when triggering events occur that suggest deterioration in the assets’ recoverability or fair value. Recognition of an impairment charge is required if future expected undiscounted net cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying value of the assets and the fair value of the assets is below the carrying value of the assets. Management’s forecast of future cash flows used to perform impairment analysis includes estimates of future revenues and expenses based on the Company’s anticipated future results while considering anticipated future oil and natural gas prices, which is fundamental in assessing demand for the Company’s services. If the carrying amounts of the assets exceed the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of possible impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the fair value. Although the Company does not currently anticipate an impairment of its assets, if oil and natural gas prices remain at current levels for an extended period of time or decline further, the Company may be exposed to impairment charges in future periods, which could negatively affect the Company’s results of operations in a material manner in the period in which they are recorded. Leases. The Company leases certain equipment and vehicles under lease agreements. The Company evaluates each lease to determine its appropriate classification as an operating or capital lease for financial reporting purposes. Any lease that does not meet the criteria for a capital lease is accounted for as an operating lease. The assets and liabilities under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair market value of the related assets. Assets under capital leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the initial lease term. Amortization of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. Intangibles. Acquired customer relationships and backlog are capitalized and amortized over useful lives ranging from five months to five years using the straight-line method of amortization. Amortization of intangibles is included in depreciation expense. Trademarks/tradenames resulting from a business combination are not subject to amortization. The Company tests for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. Revenue Recognition . Services are provided under cancelable service contracts. These contracts are either “turnkey” or “term” agreements. Under both types of agreements, the Company recognizes revenues when revenue is realizable and services have been performed. Services are defined as the commencement of data acquisition or processing operations. Revenues are considered realizable when earned according to the terms of the service contracts. Under turnkey agreements, revenue is recognized on a per unit of data acquired rate as services are performed. Under term agreements, revenue is recognized on a per unit of time worked rate as services are performed. In the case of a cancelled service contract, revenue is recognized and the customer is billed for services performed up to the date of cancellation. The Company receives reimbursements for certain out-of-pocket expenses under the terms of the service contracts. Amounts billed to clients are recorded in revenue at the gross amount, including out-of-pocket expenses that are reimbursed by the client. In some instances, customers are billed in advance of services performed. In those cases, the Company recognizes the liability as deferred revenue. As services are performed, those deferred revenue amounts are recognized as revenue. In some instances, the contract contains certain permitting, surveying and drilling costs that are incorporated into the per unit of data acquired rate. In these circumstances, these set up costs that occur prior to initiating revenue recognition are capitalized and amortized as services are provided. Stock-Based Compensation. The Company measures all employee stock-based compensation awards, which include restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options and common stock awards, using the fair value method and recognizes compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, in its consolidated financial statements. The Company records compensation expense as operating or general and administrative expense, as appropriate, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the related restricted stock awards or stock options. Foreign Currency Translation. The U.S. Dollar is the reporting currency for all periods presented. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is generally the local currency. All assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Equity transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency gains (losses) are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes by recognizing amounts of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and by using an asset and liability approach in recognizing the amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Management determines deferred taxes by identifying the types and amounts of existing temporary differences, measuring the total deferred tax asset or liability using the applicable tax rate in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the year of an enacted rate change. The deferred tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Management’s methodology for recording income taxes requires judgment regarding assumptions and the use of estimates, including determining the annual effective tax rate and the valuation of deferred tax assets, which can create variances between actual results and estimates and could have a material impact on the Company’s provision or benefit for income taxes. The Company’s effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal rate of 35% for certain items such as state and local taxes, non-deductible expenses, discrete items and expenses related to share-based compensation that were not expected to result in a tax deduction. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements. Preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Because of the use of assumptions and estimates inherent in the reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2014 consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2015 presentation. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations - Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments” (“ASU 2015-16”). ASU 2015-16 eliminates the requirement that an acquirer in a business combination account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. Instead, an acquirer will recognize a measurement-period adjustment during the period in which it determines the amount of the adjustment, including the effect on earnings of any amounts it would have recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2015-16 during the quarter ended September 30, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-16 did not materially affect the Company’s consolidated results of operations, statement of financial position or financial statement disclosures. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern” (Subtopic 205-40). This ASU provides guidance on management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and in certain circumstances to provide related footnote disclosures. This ASU is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance and does not expect any material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 that introduces a new five-step revenue recognition model in which an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU also requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, but only for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified approach to adopt ASU 2014-09. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements and the method of adoption. |