Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Operating revenue for the second quarter of 2001 increased 10.6 percent over the second quarter of 2000. Operating revenue for the first six months of 2001 increased 13.2 percent over the same period of 2000. The primary reason for these increases was the transportation of additional freight associated with our larger fleet. These increases in operating revenue were also impacted by additional fuel surcharges to our customers associated with a higher average price of diesel fuel, and an improvement in our equipment utilization. Our contracts with customers provide for fuel surcharges based upon significant fluctuations in the price of diesel fuel. Diesel fuel prices were higher in the first six months of 2001 than in the same period last year. As a result, fuel surcharges increased operating revenue for the first half of 2001 by $6.3 million, compared with an increase of $4.4 million for the first half of 2000. We anticipate our operating revenue for the remainder of 2001 will exceed 2000 levels due primarily to our planned revenue equipment additions.
Operating expenses as a percentage of operating revenue for the second quarter of 2001 were 94.0 percent, compared with 91.6 percent for the second quarter of 2000. This ratio for the first six months of 2001 was 94.0 percent compared with 92.6 percent for the same period of 2000. The transportation of additional freight and additions to our fleet, along with the items discussed below, caused most expense categories to increase in 2001. Purchased transportation expense increased slightly in the first six months of 2001. The average number of independent contractors decreased from the first six months of 2000 to 2001, which was offset by an increase in the rate per mile paid to independent contractors. Independent contractors are responsible for their own salaries, wages and benefits expense, fuel and fuel taxes expense, and supplies and maintenance expense. Therefore, our expenses in these categories increased relative to revenue from the first six months of 2000 to the first six months of 2001 due to the decrease in independent contractors. The average price of diesel fuel was higher in the first six months of 2001 than in the same period of 2000, causing fuel and fuel taxes expense to increase. Higher insurance premiums and an increase in the frequency of accident and cargo claims caused insurance and claims expense for the first six months of 2001 to increase from the same period last year. We expect our operating expenses as a percentage of revenue to remain at current levels for the remainder of 2001.
Interest expense in 2001 decreased for the second quarter and increased slightly for the first six months, compared with similar periods of 2000. These fluctuations were caused by lower interest rates combined with a decrease for the second quarter and an increase for the first six months in our average long-term debt outstanding. Our long-term debt is required to finance our planned revenue equipment additions. We expect interest expense to remain at current levels for the remainder of 2001.
Our effective income tax rate was 38 percent for the first six months of 2001 and the prior year. We expect our effective income tax rate to remain at 38 percent for the remainder of 2001.
We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended, on January 1, 2001 (see Note 3 to the financial statements). The effect of this change as of January 1, 2001, was a pretax accumulated other comprehensive loss of $279,000 ($173,000 net of income tax benefit). During the first six months of 2001, other comprehensive loss decreased by $149,000 ($92,000 net of income taxes) to reflect an unrealized gain on our swap agreements from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001.
In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No. 141, “Business Combinations,” and Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” as discussed in Note 4 to the financial statements. These statements are expected to have no impact on our results of operations or financial position.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Net cash provided by our operating activities during the first six months of 2001 was $21,917,000. We used $12,779,000 of the net cash to reduce long-term debt, along with $9,138,000 of the net cash to invest in revenue equipment and other assets during this period. We have continued to invest in new, more efficient revenue equipment in 2001 and 2000. Our cash management practice utilizes our unsecured committed credit facility to minimize both cash and debt balances. Our operating profits, short turnover in accounts receivable and cash management practices allow us to effectively meet our working capital requirements. We have not used and do not anticipate using short-term borrowings to satisfy working capital needs. We believe our liquidity is adequate to meet expected near-term operating requirements.
Forward-Looking Information
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements. Any statements not of historical fact may be considered forward-looking statements. Written words such as “may, ” “expect, ” “believe, ” “anticipate” or “estimate,” or other variations of these or similar words, identify such statements. These statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially, depending on a variety of factors, such as the industry driver shortage, the market for revenue equipment, fuel prices and general weather and economic conditions.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Effective January 1, 2001, we began recognizing unrealized gains and losses on commodity swap agreements used to hedge our exposure to diesel fuel price fluctuations. The swap agreements are marked to market. The effect of this change as of January 1, 2001, was a pretax accumulated other comprehensive loss of $279,000 ($173,000 net of income tax benefit). During the first six months of 2001, other comprehensive loss decreased by $149,000 ($92,000 net of income taxes) to reflect an unrealized gain on our swap agreements from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001.
There have been no other significant changes since December 31, 2000, in market risk or market risk factors as discussed in the 2000 Annual Report to Shareholders.