STATEMENT OF INVESTMENTS
BNY Mellon Diversified Emerging Markets Fund
December 31, 2021 (Unaudited)
| | | | | | | |
|
Description | | | | Shares | | Value ($) | |
Common Stocks - 63.2% | | | | | |
Brazil - 3.0% | | | | | |
B3 - Brasil Bolsa Balcao | | | | 194,400 | | 388,800 | |
Cia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais-COPASA | | | | 184,600 | | 421,233 | |
Cia Siderurgica Nacional | | | | 29,600 | | 132,801 | |
IRB Brasil Resseguros | | | | 10,000 | a | 7,217 | |
JBS | | | | 74,800 | | 509,634 | |
Minerva | | | | 234,400 | | 446,075 | |
Petroleo Brasileiro, ADR | | | | 208,731 | | 2,291,866 | |
TIM | | | | 283,000 | | 668,124 | |
Vale | | | | 43,300 | a | 606,045 | |
WEG | | | | 48,400 | | 286,577 | |
| | | | 5,758,372 | |
Chile - .1% | | | | | |
Cencosud | | | | 139,241 | | 232,885 | |
Enel Americas | | | | 322,842 | | 35,240 | |
Enel Generacion Chile | | | | 60,909 | | 10,567 | |
| | | | 278,692 | |
China - 17.1% | | | | | |
Agile Group Holdings | | | | 340,000 | a,b | 184,443 | |
Agricultural Bank of China, Cl. H | | | | 1,323,000 | a | 454,712 | |
Alibaba Group Holding, ADR | | | | 15,725 | a | 1,867,973 | |
Aluminum Corp. of China, Cl. H | | | | 364,000 | a | 201,197 | |
Anhui Conch Cement, Cl. H | | | | 800 | a | 3,996 | |
ANTA Sports Products | | | | 13,800 | | 206,888 | |
BAIC Motor, Cl. H | | | | 12,500 | a,c | 5,370 | |
Baidu, ADR | | | | 5,651 | a | 840,812 | |
CGN Power, Cl. H | | | | 1,874,800 | a,c | 569,830 | |
China CITIC Bank, Cl. H | | | | 1,374,000 | a | 595,587 | |
China Construction Bank, Cl. H | | | | 2,588,100 | a | 1,792,324 | |
China Everbright Bank, Cl. A | | | | 670,500 | a | 349,276 | |
China Galaxy Securities, Cl. H | | | | 1,157,500 | a | 665,029 | |
China Life Insurance, Cl. H | | | | 180,400 | a | 298,910 | |
China Medical System Holdings | | | | 149,100 | a | 248,961 | |
China Merchants Bank, Cl. H | | | | 81,000 | a | 628,986 | |
China National Building Material, Cl. H | | | | 137,800 | a | 168,946 | |
China Pacific Insurance Group, Cl. H | | | | 61,700 | a | 167,354 | |
China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical, Cl. A | | | | 307,595 | a | 1,652,514 | |
China Shenhua Energy, Cl. H | | | | 825,700 | a | 1,935,710 | |
China Vanke, Cl. H | | | | 12,800 | a | 29,778 | |
STATEMENT OF INVESTMENTS (Unaudited) (continued)
| | | | | | | |
|
Description | | | | Shares | | Value ($) | |
Common Stocks - 63.2% (continued) | | | | | |
China - 17.1% (continued) | | | | | |
Cosco Shipping Holdings, Cl. H | | | | 773,950 | a,b | 1,500,744 | |
Country Garden Services Holdings | | | | 24,000 | a | 143,737 | |
ENN Energy Holdings | | | | 17,300 | | 325,697 | |
Gaotu Techedu, ADR | | | | 630 | a | 1,222 | |
Haier Smart Home, CI. H | | | | 198,400 | a | 838,376 | |
Hello Group, ADR | | | | 9,835 | a | 88,318 | |
Huatai Securities, Cl. H | | | | 215,200 | a,c | 358,227 | |
Industrial Bank, Cl. A | | | | 124,900 | a | 373,131 | |
Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Cl. A | | | | 48,600 | a | 316,153 | |
JD.com, ADR | | | | 10,456 | a | 732,652 | |
Lenovo Group | | | | 1,206,100 | | 1,385,904 | |
Li Ning | | | | 38,500 | a | 421,411 | |
Longfor Group Holdings | | | | 8,000 | c | 37,653 | |
Maanshan Iron & Steel, Cl. H | | | | 1,176,000 | a | 431,335 | |
Meituan, Cl. B | | | | 20,600 | a,c | 595,474 | |
NetDragon Websoft Holdings | | | | 203,000 | a | 476,940 | |
NetEase, ADR | | | | 6,679 | | 679,789 | |
New China Life Insurance, Cl. H | | | | 257,800 | a | 689,336 | |
NIO, ADR | | | | 13,335 | a | 422,453 | |
Pinduoduo, ADR | | | | 4,211 | a | 245,501 | |
Ping An Insurance Group Company of China, Cl. H | | | | 36,000 | a | 259,235 | |
Shandong Weigao Group Medical Polymer, Cl. H | | | | 52,400 | a | 65,386 | |
Shanghai International Port Group, Cl. A | | | | 639,200 | a | 549,604 | |
Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding, Cl. H | | | | 277,500 | a | 525,992 | |
Silergy | | | | 2,000 | a | 363,249 | |
Sinopharm Group, Cl. H | | | | 196,600 | a | 427,613 | |
Sinotruk Hong Kong | | | | 173,700 | a | 267,315 | |
Tencent Holdings | | | | 91,100 | a | 5,336,866 | |
Tingyi Cayman Islands Holding | | | | 167,200 | | 343,511 | |
Uni-President China Holdings | | | | 594,900 | a | 576,777 | |
Vipshop Holdings, ADR | | | | 15,431 | a | 129,620 | |
Weichai Power, Cl. H | | | | 120,000 | a | 234,843 | |
Yankuang Energy Group, Cl. H | | | | 83,700 | a | 166,379 | |
Yihai International Holding | | | | 6,000 | a | 27,739 | |
Yum China Holdings | | | | 1,553 | | 77,402 | |
Zhongsheng Group Holdings | | | | 37,200 | a | 290,060 | |
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology, Cl. H | | | | 375,300 | a | 236,321 | |
| | | | 32,810,561 | |
Colombia - .1% | | | | | |
Interconexion Electrica | | | | 40,285 | | 221,934 | |
| | | | | | | |
|
Description | | | | Shares | | Value ($) | |
Common Stocks - 63.2% (continued) | | | | | |
Greece - .1% | | | | | |
Hellenic Telecommunications Organization | | | | 14,480 | | 267,972 | |
Hong Kong - 2.4% | | | | | |
Bosideng International Holdings | | | | 2,332,500 | b | 1,468,741 | |
China Resources Cement Holdings | | | | 477,100 | a | 360,385 | |
China Resources Land | | | | 18,600 | a | 78,240 | |
China Taiping Insurance Holdings | | | | 224,400 | a | 307,927 | |
Cosco Shipping Ports | | | | 294,000 | a | 255,257 | |
Kingboard Laminates Holdings | | | | 266,800 | | 453,703 | |
Kunlun Energy | | | | 174,000 | a | 163,120 | |
Shanghai Industrial Urban Development Group | | | | 102,200 | a | 9,961 | |
Shimao Group Holdings | | | | 10,500 | a | 6,868 | |
Sino Biopharmaceutical | | | | 926,000 | a | 648,404 | |
SITC International Holdings | | | | 226,000 | | 817,334 | |
| | | | 4,569,940 | |
Hungary - .3% | | | | | |
MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas | | | | 1,594 | a | 12,380 | |
Richter Gedeon | | | | 19,772 | a | 531,682 | |
| | | | 544,062 | |
India - 7.4% | | | | | |
Aurobindo Pharma | | | | 12,479 | | 123,278 | |
Cipla | | | | 40,584 | a | 515,437 | |
GAIL India | | | | 363,285 | | 631,412 | |
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals | | | | 58,635 | a | 416,913 | |
Hero MotoCorp | | | | 14,684 | a | 486,354 | |
Hindalco Industries | | | | 13,933 | a | 89,134 | |
Hindustan Unilever | | | | 4,331 | | 137,509 | |
Housing Development Finance | | | | 24,354 | a | 847,378 | |
Indian Oil | | | | 407,721 | | 611,562 | |
Indus Towers | | | | 211,976 | a | 708,054 | |
Infosys | | | | 79,917 | | 2,029,489 | |
ITC | | | | 156,269 | a | 458,386 | |
Larsen & Toubro Infotech | | | | 3,768 | c | 371,652 | |
Mindtree | | | | 23,028 | | 1,480,768 | |
Motherson Sumi Systems | | | | 108,321 | a | 325,390 | |
Power Grid Corporation of India | | | | 258,762 | | 711,515 | |
REC | | | | 217,653 | | 391,763 | |
Tata Consultancy Services | | | | 14,092 | | 708,689 | |
Tata Motors | | | | 83,718 | a | 543,287 | |
Tata Steel | | | | 42,326 | a | 632,849 | |
Tech Mahindra | | | | 51,461 | | 1,239,560 | |
The Tata Power Company | | | | 302 | a | 898 | |
STATEMENT OF INVESTMENTS (Unaudited) (continued)
| | | | | | | |
|
Description | | | | Shares | | Value ($) | |
Common Stocks - 63.2% (continued) | | | | | |
India - 7.4% (continued) | | | | | |
Wipro | | | | 72,587 | a | 698,522 | |
| | | | 14,159,799 | |
Indonesia - .6% | | | | | |
Gudang Garam | | | | 50,600 | a | 108,638 | |
Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper | | | | 82,500 | a | 45,295 | |
Indofood Sukses Makmur | | | | 2,340,100 | a | 1,038,493 | |
| | | | 1,192,426 | |
Malaysia - 1.0% | | | | | |
Hartalega Holdings | | | | 132,600 | | 182,381 | |
RHB Bank | | | | 373,900 | | 481,959 | |
Sime Darby | | | | 1,033,100 | a | 575,322 | |
Supermax | | | | 161,510 | | 56,990 | |
Telekom Malaysia | | | | 408,800 | a | 539,702 | |
Top Glove | | | | 185,500 | | 115,325 | |
| | | | 1,951,679 | |
Mexico - .7% | | | | | |
America Movil, Ser. L | | | | 584,500 | | 618,884 | |
Coca-Cola Femsa | | | | 28,565 | | 156,961 | |
Fibra Uno Administracion | | | | 13,500 | | 14,281 | |
Grupo Mexico, Ser. B | | | | 126,800 | | 552,766 | |
| | | | 1,342,892 | |
Philippines - .6% | | | | | |
Aboitiz Equity Ventures | | | | 263,950 | a | 281,847 | |
Ayala Land | | | | 47,700 | | 34,330 | |
International Container Terminal Services | | | | 198,240 | a | 777,526 | |
Metro Pacific Investments | | | | 65,000 | a | 4,971 | |
SM Prime Holdings | | | | 51,200 | a | 34,038 | |
| | | | 1,132,712 | |
Poland - .3% | | | | | |
CD Projekt | | | | 527 | a | 25,231 | |
KGHM Polska Miedz | | | | 3,270 | a | 113,135 | |
Polskie Gornictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo | | | | 248,838 | a | 389,084 | |
| | | | 527,450 | |
Qatar - .3% | | | | | |
The Commercial Bank | | | | 353,054 | a | 654,290 | |
Russia - 2.3% | | | | | |
Lukoil, ADR | | | | 12,332 | | 1,103,715 | |
MMC Norilsk Nickel, ADR | | | | 11,431 | | 353,561 | |
Sberbank of Russia, ADR | | | | 137,133 | | 2,200,984 | |
Sistema, GDR | | | | 3,646 | a | 22,605 | |
Tatneft, ADR | | | | 6,912 | | 286,917 | |
| | | | | | | |
|
Description | | | | Shares | | Value ($) | |
Common Stocks - 63.2% (continued) | | | | | |
Russia - 2.3% (continued) | | | | | |
X5 Retail Group, GDR | | | | 16,162 | | 427,808 | |
| | | | 4,395,590 | |
Saudi Arabia - 1.3% | | | | | |
Al Rajhi Bank | | | | 18,150 | a | 685,508 | |
Sahara International Petrochemical | | | | 49,300 | | 551,513 | |
Saudi Kayan Petrochemical | | | | 85,171 | a | 386,110 | |
Saudi Telecom | | | | 25,782 | | 771,867 | |
The Savola Group | | | | 2,486 | a | 21,156 | |
| | | | 2,416,154 | |
South Africa - 2.5% | | | | | |
Anglo American Platinum | | | | 423 | a | 48,227 | |
AngloGold Ashanti | | | | 6,728 | a | 138,782 | |
Growthpoint Properties | | | | 18,571 | | 17,913 | |
Impala Platinum Holdings | | | | 66,936 | a | 945,127 | |
Investec | | | | 98,666 | | 542,090 | |
Kumba Iron Ore | | | | 6,226 | a | 179,763 | |
MTN Group | | | | 115,600 | a | 1,238,411 | |
MultiChoice Group | | | | 58,484 | a | 447,870 | |
Ninety One | | | | 190 | | 674 | |
Redefine Properties | | | | 22,175 | | 6,123 | |
Resilient REIT | | | | 2,522 | a | 9,457 | |
Sibanye Stillwater | | | | 404,868 | a | 1,247,507 | |
| | | | 4,821,944 | |
South Korea - 9.0% | | | | | |
Celltrion | | | | 747 | | 124,361 | |
CJ ENM | | | | 4,139 | | 483,275 | |
DB Insurance | | | | 12,358 | | 561,373 | |
DGB Financial Group | | | | 61,979 | | 489,054 | |
Dl Holdings | | | | 287 | | 14,703 | |
Doosan Bobcat | | | | 8,800 | a | 301,661 | |
Fila Holdings | | | | 6,723 | | 202,750 | |
Hana Financial Group | | | | 13,604 | | 481,218 | |
Hyundai Glovis | | | | 1,448 | | 204,638 | |
Hyundai Mobis | | | | 6,366 | | 1,362,900 | |
Kakao | | | | 3,006 | | 284,480 | |
KB Financial Group | | | | 13,471 | | 623,264 | |
Kia Motors | | | | 25,674 | | 1,775,313 | |
Korea Investment Holdings | | | | 7,807 | | 529,989 | |
Kumho Petrochemical | | | | 6,999 | | 977,357 | |
LG Electronics | | | | 8,257 | | 958,541 | |
Mirae Asset Securities | | | | 85,686 | | 623,499 | |
NAVER | | | | 90 | | 28,656 | |
Osstem Implant | | | | 4,156 | | 498,895 | |
POSCO | | | | 3,209 | | 741,006 | |
STATEMENT OF INVESTMENTS (Unaudited) (continued)
| | | | | | | |
|
Description | | | | Shares | | Value ($) | |
Common Stocks - 63.2% (continued) | | | | | |
South Korea - 9.0% (continued) | | | | | |
Posco International | | | | 1,121 | a | 21,171 | |
Samsung Biologics | | | | 18 | a,c | 13,673 | |
Samsung Electronics | | | | 65,488 | | 4,313,531 | |
Samsung Securities | | | | 19,814 | | 748,390 | |
Seegene | | | | 2,993 | | 153,584 | |
Shinhan Financial Group | | | | 23,332 | | 722,286 | |
| | | | 17,239,568 | |
Taiwan - 12.2% | | | | | |
Accton Technology | | | | 19,000 | a | 178,552 | |
Acer | | | | 474,000 | a | 521,679 | |
Asustek Computer | | | | 55,000 | a | 747,461 | |
Chailease Holding | | | | 301,489 | a | 2,871,376 | |
China Development Financial Holding | | | | 470,000 | a | 297,286 | |
Evergreen Marine | | | | 248,000 | a | 1,277,334 | |
Hotai Motor | | | | 15,000 | a | 332,888 | |
Innolux | | | | 240,000 | a | 170,022 | |
MediaTek | | | | 80,000 | a | 3,440,923 | |
Micro-Star International | | | | 66,000 | a | 382,875 | |
momo.com | | | | 34,400 | a | 2,020,458 | |
Powertech Technology | | | | 21,000 | a | 74,157 | |
Realtek Semiconductor | | | | 38,000 | a | 796,617 | |
Standard Foods | | | | 2,000 | a | 3,824 | |
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing | | | | 442,600 | | 9,838,399 | |
United Microelectronics | | | | 242,000 | a | 568,547 | |
| | | | 23,522,398 | |
Thailand - .6% | | | | | |
Advanced Info Service, NVDR | | | | 41,500 | a | 285,736 | |
Krungthai Card | | | | 9,000 | a | 15,963 | |
PTT Exploration & Production, NVDR | | | | 27,300 | a | 96,435 | |
Thai Union Group, NVDR | | | | 651,700 | a | 380,427 | |
Thanachart Capital | | | | 306,300 | a | 346,141 | |
| | | | 1,124,702 | |
Turkey - .7% | | | | | |
BIM Birlesik Magazalar | | | | 62,945 | | 291,672 | |
Emlak Konut Gayrimenkul Yatirim Ortakligi | | | | 15,814 | a | 2,558 | |
Eregli Demir ve Celik Fabrikalari | | | | 428,052 | a | 911,176 | |
KOC Holding | | | | 11,972 | a | 25,683 | |
Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri | | | | 93,381 | | 130,306 | |
| | | | 1,361,395 | |
United Arab Emirates - .2% | | | | | |
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. for Distribution | | | | 292,398 | | 339,919 | |
Dubai Islamic Bank | | | | 13,165 | a | 19,283 | |
| | | | | | | |
|
Description | | | | Shares | | Value ($) | |
Common Stocks - 63.2% (continued) | | | | | |
United Arab Emirates - .2% (continued) | | | | | |
Emaar Properties | | | | 33,245 | a | 44,260 | |
| | | | 403,462 | |
Uruguay - .4% | | | | | |
Globant | | | | 2,168 | a | 680,947 | |
Total Common Stocks (cost $91,898,156) | | | | 121,378,941 | |
| | | | | | | |
Exchange-Traded Funds - 1.1% | | | | | |
United States - 1.1% | | | | | |
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (cost $2,256,175) | | | | 45,779 | b | 2,236,304 | |
| | Preferred Dividend Yield (%) | | | | | |
Preferred Stocks - .6% | | | | | |
Brazil - .3% | | | | | |
Cia Energetica de Minas Gerais | | 8.78 | | 164,152 | | 386,361 | |
Cia Paranaense de Energia, Cl. B | | 21.16 | | 227,500 | | 263,034 | |
| | | | 649,395 | |
South Korea - .3% | | | | | |
Samsung Electronics | | 1.49 | | 8,268 | | 495,211 | |
Total Preferred Stocks (cost $953,966) | | | | 1,144,606 | |
| | 1-Day Yield (%) | | | | | |
Investment Companies - 34.0% | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies - 34.0% | | | | | |
BNY Mellon Global Emerging Markets Fund, Cl. Y (cost $35,568,130) | | | | 2,648,128 | d | 65,276,367 | |
| | | | | | | |
Investment of Cash Collateral for Securities Loaned - 1.2% | | | | | |
Registered Investment Companies - 1.2% | | | | | |
Dreyfus Institutional Preferred Government Plus Money Market Fund, SL Shares (cost $2,292,259) | | 0.07 | | 2,292,259 | d | 2,292,259 | |
Total Investments (cost $132,968,686) | | 100.1% | | 192,328,477 | |
Liabilities, Less Cash and Receivables | | (.1%) | | (262,683) | |
Net Assets | | 100.0% | | 192,065,794 | |
ADR—American Depository Receipt
ETF—Exchange-Traded Fund
GDR—Global Depository Receipt
NVDR—Non-Voting Depository Receipt
REIT—Real Estate Investment Trust
a Non-income producing security.
b Security, or portion thereof, on loan. At December 31, 2021, the value of the fund’s securities on loan was $2,132,219 and the value of the collateral was $2,292,259. In addition, the value of collateral may include pending sales that are also on loan.
STATEMENT OF INVESTMENTS (Unaudited) (continued)
c Security exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933. These securities may be resold in transactions exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers. At December 31, 2021, these securities were valued at $1,951,879 or 1.02% of net assets.
d Investment in affiliated issuer. The investment objective of this investment company is publicly available and can be found within the investment company’s prospectus.
STATEMENT OF INVESTMENTS
BNY Mellon Diversified Emerging Markets Fund
December 31, 2021 (Unaudited)
The following is a summary of the inputs used as of December 31, 2021 in valuing the fund’s investments:
| | | | | | |
| Level 1-Unadjusted Quoted Prices | Level 2- Other Significant Observable Inputs | | Level 3-Significant Unobservable Inputs | Total | |
Assets ($) | | |
Investments in Securities:† | | |
Equity Securities - Common Stocks | 121,378,941 | - | | - | 121,378,941 | |
Equity Securities - Preferred Stocks | 1,144,606 | - | | - | 1,144,606 | |
Exchange-Traded Funds | 2,236,304 | - | | - | 2,236,304 | |
Investment Companies | 67,568,626 | - | | - | 67,568,626 | |
† See Statement of Investments for additional detailed categorizations, if any.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) is the exclusive reference of authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. The fund is an investment company and applies the accounting and reporting guidance of the FASB ASC Topic 946 Financial Services-Investment Companies. The fund’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which may require the use of management estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs of valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).
Additionally, GAAP provides guidance on determining whether the volume and activity in a market has decreased significantly and whether such a decrease in activity results in transactions that are not orderly. GAAP requires enhanced disclosures around valuation inputs and techniques used during annual and interim periods.
Various inputs are used in determining the value of the fund’s investments relating to fair value measurements. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:
Level 1—unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical investments.
Level 2—other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.).
Level 3—significant unobservable inputs (including the fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).
The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.
Changes in valuation techniques may result in transfers in or out of an assigned level within the disclosure hierarchy. Valuation techniques used to value the fund’s investments are as follows:
Investments in equity securities are valued at the last sales price on the securities exchange or national securities market on which such securities are primarily traded. Securities listed on the National Market System for which market quotations are available are valued at the official closing price or, if there is no official closing price that day, at the last sales price. For open short positions, asked prices are used for valuation
purposes. Bid price is used when no asked price is available. Registered investment companies that are not traded on an exchange are valued at their net asset value. All of the preceding securities are generally categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Securities not listed on an exchange or the national securities market, or securities for which there were no transactions, are valued at the average of the most recent bid and asked prices. These securities are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Fair valuing of securities may be determined with the assistance of a pricing service using calculations based on indices of domestic securities and other appropriate indicators, such as prices of relevant American Depository Receipts and futures. Utilizing these techniques may result in transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
When market quotations or official closing prices are not readily available, or are determined not to accurately reflect fair value, such as when the value of a security has been significantly affected by events after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded (for example, a foreign exchange or market), but before the fund calculates its net asset value, the fund may value these investments at fair value as determined in accordance with the procedures approved by the fund's Board Members (the “Board”). Certain factors may be considered when fair valuing investments such as: fundamental analytical data, the nature and duration of restrictions on disposition, an evaluation of the forces that influence the market in which the securities are purchased and sold, and public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable issuers. These securities are either categorized within Level 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the relevant inputs used.
For securities where observable inputs are limited, assumptions about market activity and risk are used and such securities are generally categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Pursuant to a securities lending agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon, a subsidiary of BNY Mellon and an affiliate of BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc., the fund may lend securities to qualified institutions. It is the fund’s policy that, at origination, all loans are secured by collateral of at least 102% of the value of U.S. securities loaned and 105% of the value of foreign securities loaned. Collateral equivalent to at least 100% of the market value of securities on loan is maintained at all times. Collateral is either in the form of cash, which can be invested in certain money market mutual funds managed by BNY Mellon Investment Adviser Inc., or U.S. Government and Agency securities. The fund is entitled to receive all dividends, interest and distributions on securities loaned, in addition to income earned as a result of the lending transaction. Should a borrower fail to return the securities in a timely manner, The Bank of New York Mellon is required to replace the securities for the benefit of the fund or credit the fund with the market value of the unreturned securities and is subrogated to the fund’s rights against the borrower and the collateral. Additionally, the
contractual maturity of security lending transactions are on an overnight and continuous basis.
Derivatives: A derivative is a financial instrument whose performance is derived from the performance of another asset. Each type of derivative instrument that was held by the fund at December 31, 2021 is discussed below.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts: The fund enters into forward contracts in order to hedge its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on its foreign portfolio holdings, to settle foreign currency transactions or as a part of its investment strategy. When executing forward contracts, the fund is obligated to buy or sell a foreign currency at a specified rate on a certain date in the future. With respect to sales of forward contracts, the fund incurs a loss if the value of the contract increases between the date the forward contract is opened and the date the forward contract is closed. The fund realizes a gain if the value of the contract decreases between those dates. With respect to purchases of forward contracts, the fund incurs a loss if the value of the contract decreases between the date the forward contract is opened and the date the forward contract is closed. The fund realizes a gain if the value of the contract increases between those dates. Any realized or unrealized gains or losses which occurred during the period are reflected in the Statement of Operations. The fund is exposed to foreign currency risk as a result of changes in value of underlying financial instruments. The fund is also exposed to credit risk associated with counterparty nonperformance on these forward contracts, which is generally limited to the unrealized gain on each open contract. This risk may be mitigated by Master Agreements, if any, between the fund and the counterparty and the posting of collateral, if any, by the counterparty to the fund to cover the fund’s exposure to the counterparty.
At December 31, 2021, accumulated net unrealized appreciation on investments was $59,359,791, consisting of $65,839,293 gross unrealized appreciation and $6,479,502 gross unrealized depreciation.
At December 31, 2021, the cost of investments for federal income tax purposes was substantially the same as the cost for financial reporting purposes (see the Statement of Investments).
Additional investment related disclosures are hereby incorporated by reference to the annual and semi-annual reports previously filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR.