Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
| (a) | Basis of Presentation | | | | | | |
The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which vary in certain respects from accounting practices prescribed or permitted by state insurance regulatory authorities. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
| (b) | Use of Estimates | | | | | | |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including reporting or disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Future events, including changes in mortality, morbidity, interest rates, capital markets, and asset valuations could cause actual results to differ from the estimates used in the Financial Statements. Such changes in estimates are recorded in the period they are determined. |
Investment Products and Universal Life Business | ' |
| (c) | Investment Products and Universal Life Business | | | | | | |
Investment products consist primarily of variable and fixed annuity products. Premium receipts are reported as deposits to the contract holders’ accounts. Policy fees on the Statements of Operations represent asset fees, cost of insurance charges, administrative fees, charges for guarantees on investment products, and surrender charges for investment products and universal life insurance. These fees have been earned and assessed against contract holders on a daily or monthly basis throughout the contract period and are recognized as revenue when assessed and earned. Amounts assessed that represent compensation to the Company for services to be provided in future periods are not earned in the period assessed. Such amounts are reported as unearned premiums and recognized in operations over the period benefited using the same assumptions and factors used to amortize capitalized acquisition costs. Surrender charges are recognized upon surrender of a contract in accordance with contractual terms. Derivatives embedded in fixed-indexed and variable products are recorded at fair value and changes in value are included in change in fair value of annuity embedded derivatives on the Statements of Operations. Benefits consist of interest credited to contract holders’ accounts and claims incurred in excess of the contract holders’ account balance and are included in net interest credited to account values and policyholder benefits, respectively, on the Statements of Operations. |
Life and Accident and Health Insurance | ' |
| (d) | Life and Accident and Health Insurance | | | | | | |
Premiums on traditional life products are recognized as earned when due. Benefits and expenses are associated with earned premiums so as to result in recognition of profits over the life of the contracts. This association is accomplished by establishing provisions for future policy benefits and deferral and amortization of related acquisition costs. |
Accident and health premiums are recognized as earned on a pro rata basis over the risk coverage periods. Benefits and expenses are recognized as incurred. |
Deferred Acquisition Costs | ' |
| (e) | Deferred Acquisition Costs | | | | | | |
Acquisition costs consist of commissions and other incremental costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition of insurance contracts. Acquisition costs are deferred to the extent recoverable from future policy revenues and gross profits. For interest-sensitive products and variable annuity contracts, acquisition costs are amortized in relation to the present value of expected future gross profits from investment margins and mortality, morbidity, and expense charges. Acquisition costs for accident and health insurance policies are deferred and amortized over the lives of the policies in the same manner as premiums are earned. For traditional life and group life products, such costs are amortized over the projected earnings pattern of the related policies using the same actuarial assumptions used in computing future policy benefit reserves. Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) are reviewed for recoverability, at least annually, and adjusted when necessary. Recoverability is evaluated separately for fixed annuities, variable annuities, and life insurance products. Evaluating recoverability is a two-step process where current policy year issues are evaluated, and then in-force policies are evaluated. Before assessing recoverability, DAC is capped, if necessary, such that the balance cannot exceed the original capitalized costs plus interest. |
Adjustments to DAC are made to reflect the corresponding impact on the present value of expected future gross profits from unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments used to support policyholder liabilities (commonly known as shadow DAC). These adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income and are explained further in the investments section of this note. |
Changes in assumptions can have an impact on the amount of DAC reported for annuity and life insurance products and their related amortization patterns. In the event experience differs from assumptions or assumptions are revised, the Company is required to record an increase or decrease in DAC amortization expense (DAC unlocking). In general, increases in the estimated investment spreads and fees result in increased expected future profitability and may lower the rate of DAC amortization, while increases in costs of product guarantees, and lapse/surrender and mortality assumptions reduce the expected future profitability of the underlying business and may increase the rate of DAC amortization. |
|
The Company formally evaluates the appropriateness of the best-estimate assumptions on an annual basis. If the economic environment or policyholder behavior changes quickly and substantially, assumptions will be reviewed more frequently to affirm best estimates. Any resulting DAC unlocking is reflected prospectively as a change in DAC, net on the Statements of Operations. |
Adjustments may also be made to the estimated gross profits (EGP) related to DAC that correspond with deferred annuities and universal life products for investment activity, such as write-downs on other-than-temporarily impaired fixed-maturity securities. Management action may include assumption changes in the DAC models, such as adjustments to expected future gross profits used, as well as in-force management action such as crediting rate changes or index rate cap adjustments. This approach applies to fixed-maturity securities purchased as investment-grade only and not noninvestment-grade items that were purchased with other yield considerations. See further discussion of DAC unlocking in note 8. |
The Company assesses internal replacements on insurance contracts to determine whether such modifications significantly change the contract terms. An internal replacement represents a modification in product benefits, features, rights, or coverage that occurs by the exchange of an in-force insurance contract for a new insurance contract, or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within a contract. If the modification substantially changes the contract, the remaining DAC on the original contract are immediately expensed and any new DAC on the replacement contract are deferred. If the contract modification does not substantially change the contract, DAC amortization on the original contract continues and any new acquisition costs associated with the modification are immediately expensed. |
Deferred Sales Inducements | ' |
| (f) | Deferred Sales Inducements | | | | | | |
Sales inducements are product features that enhance the investment yield to the contract holder on the contract. The Company offers two types of sales inducements on certain universal life and annuity contracts. The first type, an immediate bonus, increases the account value at inception, and the second type, a persistency bonus, increases the account value at the end of a specified period. |
Annuity sales inducements are deferred when credited to contract holders, and life sales inducements are deferred and recognized as part of the liability for policy benefits. Deferred sales inducements (DSI) is reported in other assets in the Balance Sheets. They are amortized over the expected life of the contract in a manner similar to DAC and are reviewed annually for recoverability. DSI capitalization and amortization is recorded in policyholder benefits on the Statements of Operations. |
Adjustments to DSI are made to reflect the estimated corresponding impact on the present value of expected future gross profits from unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments used to support policyholder liabilities (commonly known as shadow DSI). These adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income and are explained further in the Investments section of this note. |
|
Adjustments may also be made to DSI related to deferred annuities for investment activity, such as write-downs on other-than-temporarily impaired fixed-maturity securities. Management action may include assumption changes in the DSI models, such as adjustments to expected future gross profits used, as well as policyholder changes, such as credited rate changes. This approach applies to fixed-maturity securities purchased at investment-grade only and not noninvestment-grade items that were purchased with other yield considerations. |
Account Balances and Future Policy Benefit Reserves | ' |
| (g) | Account Balances and Future Policy Benefit Reserves | | | | | | |
Policy and contract account balances for interest-sensitive products, which include universal life and fixed deferred annuities, are generally carried at accumulated contract values. For fixed-indexed annuity products, the policyholder obligation is divided into two parts: the first part representing the value of the underlying base contract (host contract); and the second part representing the fair value of the expected index benefit over the life of the contract. The host contract is valued using principles consistent with similar deferred annuity contracts without an index benefit. The index benefit is valued at fair value using current capital market assumptions, such as index and volatility, to estimate future index levels. The index benefit valuation is also dependent upon estimates of future policyholder behavior. The Company must include provisions for the Company’s own credit risk and for risk that the Company’s assumptions about policyholder activity could differ from actual experience. The fair value determination of the index benefit is sensitive to the economic market and interest rate environment, as it is discounted at current market interest rates. There is volatility in this liability due to these external market sensitivities. |
Policy and contract account balances for variable annuity products are carried at accumulated contract values. Future policy benefit reserves for any death and income benefits that may exceed the accumulated contract values are established using a range of economic scenarios and are accrued using assumptions consistent with those used in estimating gross profits for purposes of amortizing DAC. Future policy benefit reserves for accumulation and withdrawal benefits that may exceed account values are established using capital market assumptions, such as index and volatility, along with estimates of future policyholder behavior. |
Future policy benefit reserves on traditional life products are computed by the net level-premium method based upon estimated future investment yield, mortality, and withdrawal assumptions, commensurate with the Company’s experience, modified as necessary to reflect anticipated trends, including possible unfavorable deviations. Most life reserve interest assumptions range from 2.6% to 6.0%. |
Policy and Contract Claims | ' |
| (h) | Policy and Contract Claims | | | | | | |
Policy and contract claims include the liability for claims reported but not yet paid, claims incurred but not yet reported (IBNR), and claim settlement expenses on the Company’s accident and health business. Actuarial reserve development methods are generally used in the determination of IBNR liabilities. In cases of limited experience or lack of credible claims data, loss ratios are used to determine an appropriate IBNR liability. Claim and IBNR liabilities of a short-term nature are not discounted, but those claim liabilities resulting from disability income or long-term care benefits include interest and mortality discounting. |
Reinsurance | ' |
| (i) | Reinsurance | | | | | | |
The Company assumes and cedes business with other insurers. Reinsurance premium and benefits paid or provided are accounted for in a manner consistent with the basis used in accounting for original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts and are included in premiums and policy fees, ceded, and benefit recoveries, respectively, on the Statements of Operations. Insurance liabilities are reported before the effects of reinsurance. Account balances and future policy benefit reserves, and policy and contract claims covered under reinsurance contracts are recorded as a reinsurance recoverable on the Balance Sheets. Amounts paid or deemed to have been paid for claims covered by reinsurance contracts are recorded as receivables on the Balance Sheets. Reinsurance recoverables are recognized in a manner consistent with the liabilities related to the underlying reinsured contracts. Amounts due to other insurers on assumed business are recorded as a reinsurance payable, and are included in other liabilities on the Balance Sheets. |
A gain recognized when the Company enters into a coinsurance agreement with a third-party reinsurer is deferred and recorded in other liabilities on the Balance Sheets. Such gains are amortized into operations over the revenue-producing period or the claims run-off period, of the related reinsured policies. These amortized gains are recorded in other revenue on the Statements of Operations. |
Investments | ' |
| (j) | Investments | | | | | | |
Fixed-maturity and Equity Securities |
The Company has portfolios of certain fixed-maturity securities classified as “available-for-sale.” Accordingly, the securities are carried at fair value, and related unrealized gains and losses are credited or charged directly to accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholder’s equity, net of tax and related shadow adjustments. The adjustments to DAC and DSI represent the change in amortization that would have been required as a charge or credit to operations had such unrealized amounts been realized. |
Dividends are accrued on the date they are declared, and interest is accrued as earned. Premiums or discounts on fixed-maturity securities are amortized using the constant yield method. Realized gains and losses are computed based on the average cost basis of all lots owned of each security. |
Mortgage-backed securities and structured securities are amortized using anticipated prepayments. Prepayment assumptions for loan-backed securities are obtained from various external sources or internal estimates. The Company believes these assumptions are consistent with those a market participant would use. The Company recognizes income using a constant effective yield method based on prepayment assumptions and the estimated economic life of the securities. When estimated prepayments differ significantly from anticipated prepayments, the effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and anticipated future payments using the retrospective method. Any resulting adjustment is included in interest and similar income, net on the Statements of Operations. |
|
Short-term securities are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Policy loan balances, which are supported by the underlying cash value of the policies, are carried at unpaid principal balances, which approximate fair value. |
The fair value of fixed-maturity securities is obtained from third-party pricing sources whenever possible. Management completes its own Independent Price Verification (IPV) process, which ensures security pricing is obtained from a third-party source other than the sources used by the investment managers. The IPV process supports the reasonableness of price overrides and challenges by the investment managers and reviews pricing for appropriateness. Results of the IPV are reviewed by the Company’s Pricing Committee. |
The Company reviews the available-for-sale investment portfolio to determine whether or not declines in fair value are other than temporary. The Company continues to evaluate factors in addition to average cost and fair value, including credit quality, the extent and duration of the decline, market analysis, current events, recent price declines, likelihood of recovery in a reasonable period of time, and management’s judgment, to determine whether fixed-income securities are considered other-than-temporarily impaired. In addition, the Investments – Debt and Equity Securities Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (Codification) requires that the Company evaluate other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity fixed-maturity securities based on additional factors. Specifically, declines in value resulting from changes in risk-free interest rates must also be considered. |
When the fair value of a fixed-maturity security is less than its amortized cost, the Company assesses whether or not: (i) it has the intent to sell the security or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. The Company evaluates these factors to determine whether the Company or any of its investment managers have an intent to sell a security or a group of securities. Additionally, the Company performs a cash flow projection for several years into the future to determine whether cash needs would require the sale of any securities in an unrealized loss position. If either of these conditions is met, the Company must recognize an OTTI for the difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value through earnings. For securities that do not meet the above criteria, and the Company does not expect to recover a security’s amortized cost basis, the security is considered other-than-temporarily impaired. For these securities, the Company separates the total impairment into the credit loss component and the amount of the loss related to other factors. The amount of the total impairment related to credit loss is considered an OTTI and is recognized in realized investment gains, net on the Statements of Operations. The amount of the total impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of impacts to DAC, DSI, reserves, and deferred income taxes. For available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities that have recognized an OTTI through earnings, if through subsequent evaluation there is a significant increase in the cash flow expected, the difference between the amortized cost basis and the discounted cash flows expected to be collected is accreted as interest income. Subsequent increases and decreases not related to additional credit losses in the fair value of available-for-sale securities are included as a separate component in the Statements of Comprehensive Income (loss). |
|
The Company evaluates whether a credit loss exists by considering primarily the following factors: (a) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost of the security, (b) changes in the financial condition, credit rating, and near-term prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (d) changes in the financial condition of the security’s underlying collateral, if any, and (e) the payment structure of the security. The Company uses a probability-weighted cash flow model for corporate bonds to determine the credit loss amount. This measurement is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third-party sources along with certain internal assumptions and significant judgments regarding the future performance of the security. The Company’s probability-weighted cash flow model involves assumptions including, but not limited to, various performance indicators, such as historical and projected default and recovery rates, credit ratings, and current delinquency rates. For structured securities, the Company selects a probability-weighted or best estimate cash flow model depending on the specifics of the individual security and the information available to measure the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral. In the event that sufficient information is not available to measure the expected cash flows of a structured security in a timely manner due to a lack of available information on the valuation date, the entire decline in fair value is considered to be related to credit loss. |
The Company provides a supplemental disclosure on its Statements of Operations that presents the total OTTI losses recognized during the period less the portion of OTTI losses recognized in other comprehensive income to equal the credit-related portion of OTTI that was recognized in earnings during the period. The portion of OTTI losses recognized in other comprehensive income includes the portion of OTTI losses related to factors other than credit recognized during the period, offset by reclassifications of OTTI losses previously determined to be related to factors other than credit that are determined to be credit-related in the current period. The amount presented in the supplemental disclosure on the Statements of Operations represents the portion of OTTI losses recognized in other comprehensive income and excludes subsequent increases and decreases in the fair value of these securities. |
The Company views equity securities that have a fair value of at least 20% below average cost at the end of a quarter or are in an unrealized loss position for nine consecutive months as other-than-temporarily impaired. However, other factors, including market analysis, current events, recent price declines, and management’s judgment related to the likelihood of recovery within a reasonable period of time, are also used to determine whether equity securities are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and may result in an equity security being impaired. All previously impaired equity securities will incur additional OTTI should the fair value fall below the book value. |
Impairments in the value of securities held by the Company, considered to be other than temporary, are recorded as a reduction of the cost of the security, and a corresponding realized loss is recognized in the Statements of Operations. The Company adjusts DAC, and DSI for impairments on securities, as discussed in their respective sections of this note. |
|
Futures Contracts |
The Company provides additional benefits through certain annuity products, which are linked to the growth in the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index and the NASDAQ 100 Index. The Company has analyzed the characteristics of these benefits and uses exchange-traded futures contracts tied to an appropriate underlying index with similar characteristics with the objective to economically hedge these risks. The Company uses exchange-traded futures contracts with the objective to increase the effectiveness of the economic hedge. Management monitors in-force amounts and futures contract values to ensure matching and to identify mismatches. If persistency assumptions were to deviate significantly from anticipated rates, management would purchase or sell futures contracts as deemed appropriate or take other actions. |
Futures contracts do not require an initial cash outlay and the Company has agreed to daily net settlement based on movements of the representative index. Therefore, no asset or liability is recorded on the Balance Sheets. Gains and/or losses on futures contracts are included in change in fair value of annuity embedded derivatives on the Statements of Operations. |
Interest Rate Swaps |
The Company utilizes interest rate swaps to hedge cash flows and market risks embedded in certain annuities. The interest rate swaps are reported at fair value as derivatives on the Balance Sheets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is derived using a third-party vendor software program and deemed by management to be reasonable. Changes in unrealized gains and losses on the swaps are recorded in change in fair value of assets and liabilities on the Statements of Operations. |
Receivables | ' |
| (k) | Receivables | | | | | | |
Receivable balances (contractual amount less allowance for doubtful accounts) are based on pertinent information available to management as of year-end, including the financial condition and creditworthiness of the parties underlying the receivables. Receivable balances are monitored and allowances for doubtful accounts are maintained based on the nature of the receivable, and the Company’s assessment of the ability to collect. The allowance is estimated by aging the balances due from individual parties and generally setting up an allowance for any balances that are more than 90 days old. |
Income Taxes | ' |
| (l) | Income Taxes | | | | | | |
The Company and the Company’s parent, Allianz Life, file a consolidated federal income tax return with AZOA and many of its wholly owned subsidiaries. The consolidated tax allocation agreement stipulates that each company participating in the return will bear its share of the tax liability pursuant to certain tax allocation elections under the Internal Revenue Code and its related regulations, and that reimbursement will be in accordance with an intercompany tax reimbursement arrangement. The Company generally will be paid for the tax benefit on its losses and any other tax attributes to the extent it could have obtained a benefit against the Company’s post-1990 separate return tax liability. |
|
The Company provides for federal income taxes based on amounts the Company believes it ultimately will owe. Inherent in the provision for federal income taxes are estimates regarding the deductibility of certain items and the realization of certain tax credits. In the event the ultimate deductibility of certain items or the realization of certain tax credits differs from estimates, the Company may be required to significantly change the provision for federal income taxes recorded on the Balance Sheets. Any such change could significantly affect the amounts reported on the Statements of Operations. Management uses best estimates to establish reserves based on facts and circumstances regarding tax exposure items where the ultimate deductibility is open to interpretation. Quarterly, management evaluates the appropriateness of such reserves based on any developments specific to their fact patterns. Information considered includes results of completed tax examinations, Technical Advice Memorandums, and other rulings issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or the tax courts. |
The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income tax. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be fully realized or that the related temporary differences, such as OTTI, will not reverse over time (see further discussion in note 13). |
Separate Accounts and Annuity Product Guarantees | ' |
| (m) | Separate Accounts and Annuity Product Guarantees | | | | | | |
The Company issues variable annuity contracts through its separate accounts for which investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to, and investment risk is borne by, the contract holder. The Company recognizes gains or losses on transfers from the general account to the separate accounts at fair value to the extent of contract holder interests in separate accounts, which are offset by changes in contract holder liabilities. The Company also issues variable annuity contracts through its separate accounts, where the Company provides certain contractual guarantees to the contract holder. These guarantees are in the form of a guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB), a guaranteed minimum income benefit (GMIB), a guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit (GMAB), and a guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (GMWB). These guarantees provide for benefits that are payable to the contract holder in the event of death, annuitization, or at specified dates during the accumulation period. |
Separate account assets supporting variable annuity contracts represent funds for which investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to contract holders. Each fund has specific investment objectives, and the assets are carried at fair value. The assets of each account are legally segregated and are not subject to claims that arise out of any of the other business of the Company. Separate account assets and liabilities are reported as summary totals on the Balance Sheets. Amounts charged to the contract holders for mortality and contract maintenance are included in policy fees on the Statements of Operations. These fees have been earned and assessed against contract holders on a daily or monthly basis throughout the contract period and are recognized as revenue when assessed and earned. Changes in GMDB and GMIB are calculated in accordance with the Financial Services – Insurance Topic of the Codification, and are included in policyholder benefits on the Statements of Operations. GMAB and GMWB are considered to be embedded derivatives under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the Codification, and the changes in these embedded derivatives are included in change in fair value of annuity embedded derivatives on the Statements of Operations. |
The GMDB net amount at risk is defined as the guaranteed amount that would be paid upon death, less the current accumulated contract holder account value. The GMIB net amount at risk is defined as the current amount that would be needed to fund expected future guaranteed payments less the current contract holder account value, assuming that all benefit selections occur as of the valuation date. The GMAB net amount at risk is defined as the current amount that would be added to the contracts less the current contract holder account value. The GMWB net amount at risk is defined as the current accumulated benefit base amount less the current contract holder account value. |
The GMDB provides a specified minimum return upon death. The survivor has the option to terminate the contract or continue it and have the death benefit paid into the contract. The Company’s GMDB options have the following features: |
|
| • | | Return of Premium: Provides the greater of account value or total deposits made to the contract, less any partial withdrawals and assessments | | | | | |
|
| • | | Reset: Provides the greater of a return of premium death benefit or the most recent five-year anniversary account value (prior to age 81), adjusted for withdrawals | | | | | |
|
| • | | Ratchet: Provides the greater of a return of premium death benefit or the highest specified anniversary account value (prior to age 81), adjusted for withdrawals. There are three versions of ratchet, with the difference based on the definition of anniversary: quarter, evaluated quarterly; annual, evaluated annually; and six-year, evaluated every sixth year. | | | | | |
The GMIB is a living benefit that provides the contract holder with a guaranteed annuitization value. The GMIB features are: |
|
| • | | Return of Premium: Provides the greater of account value or total deposits made to the contract, less any partial withdrawals and assessments | | | | | |
|
| • | | Rollup: Provides an annuitization value equal to the greater of account value and premiums, adjusted for withdrawals accumulated with a compound interest rate, which is subject to a cap for certain interest rates and products | | | | | |
The GMDB and GMIB liabilities are determined each period by estimating the expected future claims in excess of the associated account balances. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and adjusts the additional liability balance, with a related charge or credit to policyholder benefits on the Statements of Operations, if actual experience or other evidence suggests that earlier assumptions should be revised. |
|
The following assumptions were used to determine the GMDB and GMIB liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012: |
|
| • | | 100 stochastically generated investment performance scenarios. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Mean investment performance assumption was 6.5% for 2013 and 2012. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Volatility assumption was 13.4% for 2013 and 2012. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Mortality assumption of 93.3% and 94.0% of the Annuity 2000 Mortality Table for actively sold variable annuity products for 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 50% of the 1994 MGDB Mortality Table for all other products. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Lapse rates vary by contract type and duration. Spike rates could approach 40%, with an ultimate rate around 15%. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Discount rates vary by contract type and are equal to an assumed long-term investment return (6.5%), less the applicable mortality and expense rate. | | | | | |
|
| • | | GMIB contracts contain a dynamic lapse assumption. For example, if the contract is projected to have a large additional benefit, then it becomes less likely to lapse. | | | | | |
The GMAB is a living benefit that provides the contract holder with a guaranteed value that was established at least five years prior at each contract anniversary. This benefit is first available at the fifth contract anniversary, seventh contract anniversary, or tenth contract anniversary depending on the type of contract. Depending on the contract holder’s selection at issue, this value either may be a return of premium or may reflect market gains, adjusted at least proportionately for withdrawals. The contract holder also has the option to reset this benefit. |
The GMWB is a living benefit that provides the contract holder with a guaranteed amount of income in the form of partial withdrawals. The benefit is payable provided the covered person is between the specified ages in the contract. The benefit is a fixed rate (depending on the age of the covered person) multiplied by the benefit base in the first year the benefit is taken and contract value in following years. The benefit does not decrease if the contract value decreases due to market losses. The benefit can decrease if the contract value is reduced by withdrawals. The benefit base used to calculate the initial benefit is the maximum of the contract value, the quarterly anniversary value, or the guaranteed annual increase of purchase payments (capped at twice the total purchase payments). Additionally, there is a GMWB living benefit where the benefit is an initial payment percentage established at issue, based on issue age. For each year there is a year-over-year contract value increase, the payment percentage will increase by 1.0% (up to age 91). This payment percentage is applied against total purchase payments instead of a benefit base value. |
The GMAB and GMWB liabilities are determined each period as the difference between expected future claims and the expected future profits. One result of this calculation is that these liabilities can be negative (contra-liability). The Company regularly evaluates estimates used and adjusts the additional liability balance, with a related charge or credit to change in fair value of annuity embedded derivatives on the Statements of Operations, if experience or other evidence suggests that earlier assumptions should be revised. Products featuring these benefits were first issued in 2007. In the calendar year that a product launches, the reserves are set to zero, until the policy’s first anniversary date. |
|
The following assumptions were used to determine the GMAB and GMWB liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012: |
|
| • | | 1000 stochastically generated investment performance scenarios. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Market volatility assumption varies by fund type and grades from a current volatility number to a long-term assumption over four years as shown below: | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | |
Fund index type | | Current | | | Long-term | |
volatility | forward |
| volatility |
2013:00:00 | | | | | | | | |
Large cap | | | 15.8 | % | | | 18.2 | % |
Bond | | | 3.4 | | | | 4 | |
International | | | 17 | | | | 24.5 | |
Small cap | | | 19.8 | | | | 21.1 | |
Cash | | | — | | | | — | |
|
| | | | | | | | |
Fund index type | | Current | | | Long-term | |
volatility | forward |
| volatility |
2012:00:00 | | | | | | | | |
Large cap | | | 18.5 | % | | | 19.8 | % |
Bond | | | 3.4 | | | | 4.1 | |
International | | | 21.5 | | | | 25.2 | |
Small cap | | | 23.1 | | | | 21.4 | |
Cash | | | — | | | | — | |
|
| • | | Mortality assumption of 93.3% and 94.0% of the Annuity 2000 Mortality Table for actively sold variable annuity products for 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 50% of the 1994 MGDB Mortality Table for all other products. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Lapse rates vary by contract type and duration. Spike rates could approach 40%, with an ultimate rate around 15%. | | | | | |
|
| • | | Discount rates are the current month’s London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a company-specific spread. In 2012 and prior years, these cash flows were discounted using the U.S. Treasury rate plus a company-specific spread. | | | | | |
|
The Company has in-force fixed-indexed annuities with a GMWB as an optional rider. The GMWB has a roll-up feature. The net amount at risk is partially limited because the contract holder account value has an annual credit that is floored at zero. Since the account value cannot decrease, in contrast to a variable annuity, the difference between the withdrawal value and the account value will not diverge to the degree that is possible in a variable annuity. |
Permitted Statutory Accounting Practices | ' |
| (n) | Permitted Statutory Accounting Practices | | | | | | |
The Company is required to file annual statements with insurance regulatory authorities, which are prepared on an accounting basis prescribed or permitted by such authorities. Prescribed statutory accounting practices include state laws, regulations, and general administrative rules, as well as a variety of publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). Permitted statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices that are not prescribed; such practices differ from state to state, may differ from company to company within a state, and may change in the future. The Company did not have any permitted practices in effect in 2013. |
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted | ' |
| (o) | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – Adopted | | | | | | |
In July 2013, the FASB issued guidance that indefinitely defers the effective date of certain quantitative disclosure requirements for an employee benefit plan, other than those plans that are subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s filing requirements, that hold investments in the plan sponsor’s own nonpublic entity equity securities, including equity securities of its plan sponsor’s nonpublic affiliated entities that are within the scope of the disclosure requirements in the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements issued in 2011. This guidance is effective immediately upon issue. However, the Company does not have employee benefit plans that invest in nonpublic equity of the Company or any of its affiliates. |
In July 2013, the FASB issued guidance allowing the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (OIS) to be used as a benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes, in addition to the US Treasury rate and LIBOR. Additionally, this guidance removes a restriction that previously required similar hedges to use the same benchmark interest rate. As part of this guidance, the glossary of the Codification was updated to define the OIS rate and define that it is considered a proxy for a risk-free interest rate. This guidance is effective for hedging relationships beginning on or after July 17, 2013. The Company adopted this guidance beginning July 17, 2013. The Company has not designated new hedging relationships using OIS in 2013. However, the Company began discounting its collateralized derivatives recorded at fair value using OIS as the discount rate in 2013. |
In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance requiring an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income but only if the amount reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012. This guidance was adopted January 1, 2013. The Company elected to present the required information in note 19 to the Financial Statements. |
|
In October 2010, the FASB issued guidance that changes the accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts. Specifically, the guidance changes the definition of acquisition costs eligible for deferral. The new definition is meant to reduce diversity in practice regarding the types of expenses treated as DAC in the insurance industry. The new DAC definition states that acquisition costs include only those incremental costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition of insurance contracts. An entity may defer incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that are incurred in transactions sold by independent third parties and incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that are incurred in transactions sold by employees. Additionally, an entity may capitalize as DAC only those advertising costs meeting the capitalization criteria for direct-response advertising. All other acquisition costs are to be charged to expense as incurred. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company adopted this guidance beginning January 1, 2012. In 2012, the Company capitalized $18,078 of acquisition costs compared to $20,123 that would have been capitalized if the Company’s previous policy had continued to be applied. |
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - To Be Adopted | ' |
| (p) | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – To Be Adopted | | | | | | |
In July 2013, the FASB issued guidance about the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits. This guidance requires an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material financial impact on the Company’s Financial Statements. |
In April 2013, the FASB issued guidance that requires an entity to prepare its financial statements using the liquidation basis of accounting when liquidation is imminent. Liquidation is imminent when the likelihood is remote that the entity will return from liquidation and either a plan for liquidation is approved by the person or persons with the authority to make such a plan effective and the likelihood is remote that the execution of the plan will be blocked by other parties or a plan for liquidation is being imposed by other forces (for example, involuntary bankruptcy). If a plan for liquidation was specified in the entity’s governing documents from the entity’s inception (for example, limited-life entities), the entity should apply the liquidation basis of accounting only if the approved plan for liquidation differs from the plan for liquidation that was specified at the entity’s inception. This guidance does not apply to investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material financial impact on the Company’s Financial Statements. |
|
In March 2013, the FASB issued guidance that applies to the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business (other than a sale of in substance real estate or conveyance of oil and gas mineral rights) within a foreign entity. Changes are applied prospectively with early adoption permitted. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material financial impact on the Company’s Financial Statements. |
In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance for the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements that are not included in other guidance and for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date. Examples of such liabilities include debt arrangements, other contractual obligations, and settled legal and judicial rulings. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material financial impact on the Company’s Financial Statements. |
In July 2011, the FASB issued guidance that addresses how health insurers should recognize and classify, in their income statements, fees mandated by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (the Acts). The Acts impose an annual fee (not tax deductible) on health insurers for each calendar year beginning on or after January 1, 2014. The liability for the fee should be estimated and recorded in full once the entity provides qualifying health insurance in the calendar year with a corresponding deferred cost that is amortized to expense using a straight-line method of allocation unless another method better allocates the fee over the calendar year that it is payable. The guidance is effective for calendar years beginning after December 31, 2014, when the fee initially becomes effective. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material financial impact on the Company’s Financial Statements. |
Accounting Changes | ' |
| (q) | Accounting Changes | | | | | | |
On September 30, 2012, the Company applied a prospective change to its method of grouping insurance policies for measuring amortization of DAC and DSI for its variable annuity policies. This change was a change in estimate that is inseparable from the effect of a related change in accounting principle. The implementation of the new DAC and DSI groupings better reflect the way the Company examines the profitability of its variable business and results in more logical amortization rates, sensitivities, and other analyses. The implementation of this change resulted in additional income from operations before income taxes of $4,820 for the year ended December 31, 2012. |
During 2012, the Company recorded a change in estimate related to the implementation of a new model for the valuation of policyholder reserves, DAC, and DSI for the Company’s fixed and fixed-indexed annuities. Reserve changes were primarily driven by more sophisticated modeling of newer product features such as lifetime income riders. In addition to DAC amortization related to these reserve changes, the Company’s DAC balances changed as a result of bringing the DAC projection model in line with the reserve model. Historically, the valuation and projection models were distinct in such cases as compression and product mapping. Now, valuation and projection are maintained within the same model, which provides greater consistency and a more refined estimate. This change in estimate resulted in a reserve increase of $1,583, and caused a reduction of DAC and DSI amortization of $76 for the year ended December 31, 2012. |
Reclassification | ' |
| (r) | Reclassification | | | | | | |
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |