Loans and Leases | Loans and Leases The following table summarizes loans and leases by portfolio segment and class: (In thousands) At March 31, At December 31, 2023 Commercial non-mortgage $ 16,696,070 $ 16,885,475 Asset-based 1,492,886 1,557,841 Commercial real estate 13,972,916 13,569,762 Multi-family 7,896,586 7,587,970 Equipment financing 1,280,058 1,328,786 Commercial portfolio 41,338,516 40,929,834 Residential 8,226,154 8,227,923 Home equity 1,479,420 1,516,955 Other consumer 54,552 51,340 Consumer portfolio 9,760,126 9,796,218 Loans and leases $ 51,098,642 $ 50,726,052 The carrying amount of loans and leases at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, includes net unamortized At March 31, 2024, the Company had pledged $17.8 billion and $1.2 billion of eligible loans as collateral to support borrowing capacity at the FHLB and FRB, respectively. Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans and Leases The following tables summarize the aging of accrual and non-accrual loans and leases by class: At March 31, 2024 (In thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 or More Days Past Due Non-accrual Total Past Due and Current Total Loans Commercial non-mortgage $ 3,077 $ 3,138 $ 35 $ 193,294 $ 199,544 $ 16,496,526 $ 16,696,070 Asset-based — — — 34,893 34,893 1,457,993 1,492,886 Commercial real estate 28,137 717 12,452 3,815 45,121 13,927,795 13,972,916 Multi-family 21,750 22,406 — 10,439 54,595 7,841,991 7,896,586 Equipment financing 6,189 2,984 — 8,677 17,850 1,262,208 1,280,058 Commercial portfolio 59,153 29,245 12,487 251,118 352,003 40,986,513 41,338,516 Residential 9,645 8,019 — 8,589 26,253 8,199,901 8,226,154 Home equity 4,971 1,652 — 22,934 29,557 1,449,863 1,479,420 Other consumer 100 141 — 200 441 54,111 54,552 Consumer portfolio 14,716 9,812 — 31,723 56,251 9,703,875 9,760,126 Total $ 73,869 $ 39,057 $ 12,487 $ 282,841 $ 408,254 $ 50,690,388 $ 51,098,642 At December 31, 2023 (In thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 or More Days Past Due Non-accrual Total Past Due and Current Total Loans Commercial non-mortgage $ 2,270 $ 890 $ 94 $ 122,855 $ 126,109 $ 16,759,366 $ 16,885,475 Asset-based — — — 35,068 35,068 1,522,773 1,557,841 Commercial real estate 1,459 — 184 11,383 13,026 13,556,736 13,569,762 Multi-family 5,198 2,340 — — 7,538 7,580,432 7,587,970 Equipment financing 3,966 8 — 9,828 13,802 1,314,984 1,328,786 Commercial portfolio 12,893 3,238 278 179,134 195,543 40,734,291 40,929,834 Residential 14,894 6,218 — 5,704 26,816 8,201,107 8,227,923 Home equity 5,676 3,285 — 23,545 32,506 1,484,449 1,516,955 Other consumer 410 94 — 142 646 50,694 51,340 Consumer portfolio 20,980 9,597 — 29,391 59,968 9,736,250 9,796,218 Total $ 33,873 $ 12,835 $ 278 $ 208,525 $ 255,511 $ 50,470,541 $ 50,726,052 The following table provides additional information on non-accrual loans and leases: At March 31, 2024 At December 31, 2023 (In thousands) Non-accrual Non-accrual with No Allowance Non-accrual Non-accrual with No Allowance Commercial non-mortgage $ 193,294 $ 12,367 $ 122,855 $ 20,066 Asset-based 34,893 1,155 35,068 1,330 Commercial real estate 3,815 — 11,383 2,681 Multi-family 10,439 957 — — Equipment financing 8,677 376 9,828 1,584 Commercial portfolio 251,118 14,855 179,134 25,661 Residential 8,589 1,690 5,704 856 Home equity 22,934 11,546 23,545 12,471 Other consumer 200 38 142 49 Consumer portfolio 31,723 13,274 29,391 13,376 Total $ 282,841 $ 28,129 $ 208,525 $ 39,037 Additional interest income on non-accrual loans and leases that would have been recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income had such loans and leases been current in accordance with their contractual terms was $10.8 million and $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases The following table summarizes the change in the ACL on loans and leases by portfolio segment: At or for the three months ended March 31, 2024 2023 (In thousands) Commercial Portfolio Consumer Portfolio Total Commercial Portfolio Consumer Portfolio Total ACL on loans and leases: Balance, beginning of period $ 577,663 $ 58,074 $ 635,737 $ 533,125 $ 61,616 $ 594,741 Adoption of ASU No. 2022-02 — — — 7,704 (1,831) 5,873 Provision (benefit) 49,354 (6,160) 43,194 38,757 (936) 37,821 Charge-offs (38,461) (1,330) (39,791) (26,410) (1,098) (27,508) Recoveries 553 1,749 2,302 1,574 1,413 2,987 Balance, end of period $ 589,109 $ 52,333 $ 641,442 $ 554,750 $ 59,164 $ 613,914 Individually evaluated for credit losses 60,786 4,209 64,995 27,459 8,590 36,049 Collectively evaluated for credit losses $ 528,323 $ 48,124 $ 576,447 $ 527,291 $ 50,574 $ 577,865 Credit Quality Indicators To measure credit risk for the commercial portfolio, the Company employs a dual grade credit risk grading system for estimating the PD and LGD. The credit risk grade system assigns a rating to each borrower and to the facility, which together form a Composite Credit Risk Profile. The credit risk grade system categorizes borrowers by common financial characteristics that measure the credit strength of borrowers and facilities by common structural characteristics. The Composite Credit Risk Profile has ten grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of loss. Grades (1) to (6) are considered pass ratings, and grades (7) to (10) are considered criticized, as defined by the regulatory agencies. A (7) “Special Mention” rating has a potential weakness that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset. An (8) “Substandard” rating has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the full repayment of the debt. A (9) “Doubtful” rating has all of the same weaknesses as a substandard asset with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full given current facts, conditions, and values improbable. Assets classified as a (10) “Loss” rating are considered uncollectible and charged-off. Risk ratings, which are assigned to differentiate risk within the portfolio, are reviewed on an ongoing basis and revised to reflect changes in a borrower’s current financial position and outlook, risk profile, and the related collateral and structural position. Loan officers review updated financial information or other loan factors on at least an annual basis for all pass rated loans to assess the accuracy of the risk grade. Criticized loans undergo more frequent reviews and enhanced monitoring. To measure credit risk for the consumer portfolio, the most relevant credit characteristic is the FICO score, which is a widely used credit scoring system that ranges from 300 to 850. A lower FICO score is indicative of higher credit risk and a higher FICO score is indicative of lower credit risk. FICO scores are updated at least on a quarterly basis. The factors such as past due status, employment status, collateral, geography, loans discharged in bankruptcy, and the status of first lien position loans on second lien position loans, are also considered to be consumer portfolio credit quality indicators. For portfolio monitoring purposes, the Company estimates the current value of property secured as collateral for home equity and residential first mortgage lending products on an ongoing basis. The estimate is based on home price indices compiled by the S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices. Real estate price data is applied to the loan portfolios taking into account the age of the most recent valuation and geographic area. The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by Composite Credit Risk Profile grade and origination year: At March 31, 2024 (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial non-mortgage: Risk rating: Pass $ 663,424 $ 2,467,862 $ 3,900,425 $ 1,315,230 $ 686,594 $ 1,480,383 $ 5,511,758 $ 16,025,676 Special mention — 54,770 56,426 47,247 32,684 11,246 34,044 236,417 Substandard — 77,736 127,796 41,141 26,857 48,295 112,126 433,951 Doubtful — — — — — 26 — 26 Total commercial non-mortgage 663,424 2,600,368 4,084,647 1,403,618 746,135 1,539,950 5,657,928 16,696,070 Current period gross write-offs — 240 21,228 9,118 353 766 — 31,705 Asset-based: Risk rating: Pass 7,552 20,276 — — — 28,179 1,264,087 1,320,094 Special mention — 927 732 — — 3,497 16,527 21,683 Substandard — — — — — 1,152 149,957 151,109 Total asset-based 7,552 21,203 732 — — 32,828 1,430,571 1,492,886 Current period gross write-offs — — — — — — — — Commercial real estate: Risk rating: Pass 575,902 2,319,662 3,557,239 1,748,708 1,138,226 4,032,725 151,615 13,524,077 Special mention — 19,635 4,675 20,978 29,561 116,552 — 191,401 Substandard — 29,149 22,571 6,546 59,648 138,314 1,210 257,438 Total commercial real estate 575,902 2,368,446 3,584,485 1,776,232 1,227,435 4,287,591 152,825 13,972,916 Current period gross write-offs — — — 1,399 — 860 — 2,259 Multi-family: Risk rating: Pass 393,731 1,638,357 1,921,264 1,057,961 384,683 2,447,598 — 7,843,594 Special mention — — — — — 1,685 — 1,685 Substandard — — — — 359 50,948 — 51,307 Total multi-family 393,731 1,638,357 1,921,264 1,057,961 385,042 2,500,231 — 7,896,586 Current period gross write-offs — — — — — 1,128 — 1,128 Equipment financing: Risk rating: Pass 71,632 301,206 272,532 198,821 162,267 209,068 — 1,215,526 Special mention 52 16,448 3,207 5,938 229 8,368 — 34,242 Substandard 84 171 8,676 7,292 6,008 8,059 — 30,290 Total equipment financing 71,768 317,825 284,415 212,051 168,504 225,495 — 1,280,058 Current period gross write-offs — — — — — 3,369 — 3,369 Total commercial portfolio 1,712,377 6,946,199 9,875,543 4,449,862 2,527,116 8,586,095 7,241,324 41,338,516 Current period gross write-offs $ — $ 240 $ 21,228 $ 10,517 $ 353 $ 6,123 $ — $ 38,461 At December 31, 2023 (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial non-mortgage: Pass $ 2,602,444 $ 4,089,327 $ 1,371,139 $ 711,362 $ 610,199 $ 952,097 $ 5,970,588 $ 16,307,156 Special mention 15,184 60,240 61,235 33,111 — 720 48,561 219,051 Substandard 48,849 104,087 23,258 28,222 44,612 30,426 79,778 359,232 Doubtful — 8 — — 3 25 — 36 Total commercial non-mortgage 2,666,477 4,253,662 1,455,632 772,695 654,814 983,268 6,098,927 16,885,475 Current period gross write-offs 325 7,637 1,775 512 969 4,391 — 15,609 Asset-based: Pass 23,007 — — — 3,280 34,999 1,333,271 1,394,557 Special mention 651 763 — — 3,676 — 29,610 34,700 Substandard — — — — 1,330 — 127,254 128,584 Total asset-based 23,658 763 — — 8,286 34,999 1,490,135 1,557,841 Current period gross write-offs — — — — 13,189 3,900 — 17,089 Commercial real estate: Pass 2,265,428 3,502,425 1,831,005 1,195,732 1,193,642 3,112,770 176,668 13,277,670 Special mention 850 4,675 14,463 31,405 23,443 37,688 1,210 113,734 Substandard 25,802 16,179 9,545 15,418 58,602 52,812 — 178,358 Total commercial real estate 2,292,080 3,523,279 1,855,013 1,242,555 1,275,687 3,203,270 177,878 13,569,762 Current period gross write-offs 4,632 — 12,617 3,813 2,754 38,569 — 62,385 Multi-family: Pass 1,597,599 1,934,100 1,041,416 442,888 595,676 1,920,618 — 7,532,297 Special mention — — — — 260 35,942 — 36,202 Substandard — — — 364 11,563 7,544 — 19,471 Total multi-family 1,597,599 1,934,100 1,041,416 443,252 607,499 1,964,104 — 7,587,970 Current period gross write-offs — — — — — 3,447 — 3,447 Equipment financing: Pass 335,874 297,186 232,304 176,061 183,679 69,927 — 1,295,031 Special mention — — 116 — 90 — — 206 Substandard — 9,144 8,064 6,600 4,285 5,456 — 33,549 Total equipment financing 335,874 306,330 240,484 182,661 188,054 75,383 — 1,328,786 Current period gross write-offs — — — 2,633 3,304 42 — 5,979 Total commercial portfolio 6,915,688 10,018,134 4,592,545 2,641,163 2,734,340 6,261,024 7,766,940 40,929,834 Current period gross write-offs $ 4,957 $ 7,637 $ 14,392 $ 6,958 $ 20,216 $ 50,349 $ — $ 104,509 The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of consumer loans by FICO score and origination year: At March 31, 2024 (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential: Risk rating: 800+ $ 31,773 $ 258,518 $ 876,330 $ 1,085,654 $ 425,046 $ 1,029,578 $ — $ 3,706,899 740-799 63,609 336,781 660,935 748,992 300,885 713,330 — 2,824,532 670-739 16,063 139,978 334,526 284,846 88,711 518,781 — 1,382,905 580-669 887 18,590 49,910 43,025 17,029 106,517 — 235,958 579 and below — 1,391 10,072 12,128 782 51,487 — 75,860 Total residential 112,332 755,258 1,931,773 2,174,645 832,453 2,419,693 — 8,226,154 Current period gross write-offs — — — — — 64 — 64 Home equity: Risk rating: 800+ 1,319 28,064 26,971 34,581 25,209 61,331 381,942 559,417 740-799 1,373 23,922 19,804 26,051 12,507 37,911 333,256 454,824 670-739 3,970 14,475 14,413 15,265 7,083 30,424 241,202 326,832 580-669 354 3,097 3,783 2,555 1,237 13,881 73,203 98,110 579 and below — 198 1,514 733 232 4,172 33,388 40,237 Total home equity 7,016 69,756 66,485 79,185 46,268 147,719 1,062,991 1,479,420 Current period gross write-offs — — — — — 177 — 177 Other consumer: Risk rating: 800+ 56 482 373 1,875 142 462 30,934 34,324 740-799 9 975 536 465 596 833 6,149 9,563 670-739 392 618 435 324 720 781 4,520 7,790 580-669 146 122 176 92 118 250 1,134 2,038 579 and below — 77 97 49 14 31 569 837 Total other consumer 603 2,274 1,617 2,805 1,590 2,357 43,306 54,552 Current period gross write-offs 890 — 11 18 26 144 — 1,089 Total consumer portfolio 119,951 827,288 1,999,875 2,256,635 880,311 2,569,769 1,106,297 9,760,126 Current period gross write-offs $ 890 $ — $ 11 $ 18 $ 26 $ 385 $ — $ 1,330 At December 31, 2023 (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential: Risk rating: 800+ $ 214,446 $ 847,009 $ 1,096,109 $ 451,307 $ 141,919 $ 910,117 $ — $ 3,660,907 740-799 363,696 703,568 755,750 279,946 112,303 633,578 — 2,848,841 670-739 137,460 293,699 292,255 95,838 48,412 346,663 — 1,214,327 580-669 20,208 52,962 45,770 14,840 10,492 106,497 — 250,769 579 and below 6,909 52,690 11,749 1,345 128,714 51,672 — 253,079 Total residential 742,719 1,949,928 2,201,633 843,276 441,840 2,048,527 — 8,227,923 Current period gross write-offs — — 387 — 153 4,630 — 5,170 Home equity: Risk rating: 800+ 27,047 27,439 35,927 25,586 8,110 56,062 391,616 571,787 740-799 24,772 20,069 27,147 13,888 5,158 34,190 355,926 481,150 670-739 15,857 15,655 15,389 5,992 3,189 29,454 242,189 327,725 580-669 3,080 3,786 1,991 1,658 1,115 9,988 70,102 91,720 579 and below 696 1,109 1,079 576 552 6,319 34,242 44,573 Total home equity 71,452 68,058 81,533 47,700 18,124 136,013 1,094,075 1,516,955 Current period gross write-offs — 4 81 — 104 3,114 — 3,303 Other consumer: Risk rating: 800+ 432 356 1,913 189 255 77 25,699 28,921 740-799 1,318 586 486 730 690 381 7,180 11,371 670-739 526 570 358 981 1,210 79 3,549 7,273 580-669 69 169 129 153 303 56 1,983 2,862 579 and below 125 97 61 11 28 1 590 913 Total other consumer 2,470 1,778 2,947 2,064 2,486 594 39,001 51,340 Current period gross write-offs 3,263 7 2 218 377 363 — 4,230 Total consumer portfolio 816,641 2,019,764 2,286,113 893,040 462,450 2,185,134 1,133,076 9,796,218 Current period gross write-offs $ 3,263 $ 11 $ 470 $ 218 $ 634 $ 8,107 $ — $ 12,703 Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases A non-accrual loan or lease is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and when repayment is substantially expected to be provided through the operation or sale of collateral. Commercial non-mortgage loans, At March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of collateral dependent loans was $50.0 million and $66.1 million, respectively, for commercial loans and leases, and $23.8 million and $22.7 million, respectively, for consumer loans. The ACL for collateral dependent loans and leases is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell at the reporting date. At March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the collateral value associated with collateral dependent loans and leases was $78.1 million and $93.7 million, respectively. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty In certain circumstances, the Company enters into agreements to modify the terms of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. A variety of solutions are offered to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including loan modifications that may result in principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, or a combination thereof. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications: • Principal forgiveness – The outstanding principal balance of a loan may be reduced by a specified amount. Principal forgiveness may occur voluntarily as part of a negotiated agreement with a borrower, or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding. • Interest rate reductions – Includes modifications where the contractual interest rate of the loan has been reduced. • Payment delays – Deferral arrangements that allow borrowers to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. Deferred loan payments do not affect the original contractual maturity terms of the loan. Modifications that result in only an insignificant payment delay are not disclosed. The Company generally considers a payment delay of three months or less to be insignificant. • Term extensions – Extensions of the original contractual maturity date of the loan. • Combination – Combination includes loans that have undergone more than one of the above loan modification types. Significant judgment is required to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These considerations vary by portfolio class. The Company has identified modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are included in its disclosures as follows: • Commercial: The Company evaluates modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are rated substandard or worse, and includes the modifications in its disclosures to the extent that the modification is considered • Consumer: The Company generally evaluates all modifications of loans to consumer borrowers subject to its loss mitigation program and includes them in its disclosures to the extent that the modification is considered other-than-insignificant. The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis at March 31, 2024, and 2023, of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class and type of concession granted: For the three months ended March 31, 2024 (In thousands) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total % of Total Class (2) Commercial non-mortgage $ 1,934 $ 18,124 $ 50,038 $ 1,099 $ 71,195 0.4 % Asset-based — 1,667 — — 1,667 0.1 Commercial real estate — 7,753 — — 7,753 0.1 Multi-family — 49,990 — — 49,990 0.6 Equipment financing — 556 — — 556 — Residential 629 — — 135 764 — Home equity — — — 65 65 — Total (1) $ 2,563 $ 78,090 $ 50,038 $ 1,299 $ 131,990 0.3 % For the three months ended March 31, 2023 (In thousands) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Combination - Total % of Total Class (2) Commercial non-mortgage $ 7 $ 29,884 $ — $ 29,891 0.2 % Commercial real estate — 17,116 — 17,116 0.1 Home equity — 57 64 121 — Total (1) $ 7 $ 47,057 $ 64 $ 47,128 0.1 % (1) The total amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable of $0.8 million and $0.2 million at March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. (2) Represents the total amortized cost of the loans modified as a percentage of the total period end loan balance by class. The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty: For the three months ended March 31, 2024 Financial Effect (1) Interest Rate Reduction: Commercial non-mortgage Reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.5% Term Extension: Commercial non-mortgage Extended term by a weighted average of 0.5 years Asset-based Extended term by a weighted average of 0.3 years Commercial real estate Extended term by a weighted average of 0.3 years Multi-family Extended term by a weighted average of 0.7 years Payment Delay: Commercial non-mortgage Provided payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.5 years For the three months ended March 31, 2023 Financial Effect Interest Rate Reduction: Commercial non-mortgage Reduced weighted average interest rate by 4.5% Term Extension: Commercial non-mortgage Extended term by a weighted average of 0.6 years Commercial real estate Extended term by a weighted average of 1.0 year Home equity Extended term by a weighted average of 8.8 years Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction: Home equity Extended term by a weighted average of 5.1 years and reduced weighted average interest rate by 1.5% (1) Certain disclosures related to financial effects of modifications do not include those deemed to be immaterial. The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following tables summarize the aging of loans that had been modified in the twelve months preceding March 31, 2024, and in the three months ended March 31, 2023: At March 31, 2024 (In thousands) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Non-Accrual Total Commercial non-mortgage $ 77,451 $ — $ 19 $ — $ 97,587 $ 175,057 Asset-based 42,331 — — — — 42,331 Commercial real estate 24,859 — — — 169 25,028 Multi-family — 18,103 22,406 — 9,481 49,990 Equipment financing 1,762 — — — 317 2,079 Residential 1,258 — — — 764 2,022 Home equity 510 — — — 86 596 Total $ 148,171 $ 18,103 $ 22,425 $ — $ 108,404 $ 297,103 At March 31, 2023 (In thousands) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Non-Accrual Total Commercial non-mortgage $ 3,562 $ — $ — $ — $ 26,329 $ 29,891 Commercial real estate 17,116 — — — — 17,116 Home equity 23 — — — 98 121 Total $ 20,701 $ — $ — $ — $ 26,427 $ 47,128 There were $17.8 million of commercial non-mortgage loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the preceding twelve months and that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were both modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and that subsequently defaulted were not significant. For the purposes of this disclosure, a payment default is defined as 90 or more days past due and accruing. Non-accrual loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty remain on non-accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms. Commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans had been modified were not significant. |