Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans by type as a percentage of the portfolio were as follows: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Balance % Balance % Percent Increase (Decrease) Agricultural $ 40,684 3.22 % 64,159 5.39 % ( 36.59 ) % Commercial and Industrial 224,191 17.73 % 210,210 17.67 % 6.65 % Commercial Real Estate 657,549 52.01 % 630,953 53.03 % 4.22 % Consumer 38,614 3.05 % 39,808 3.35 % ( 3.00 ) % Construction Real Estate 16,734 1.32 % 14,736 1.24 % 13.56 % Residential Real Estate 247,618 19.59 % 229,916 19.32 % 7.70 % Loans to Other Financial Institutions 38,838 3.07 % - 0.00 % 100.00 % Gross Loans $ 1,264,228 $ 1,189,782 Allowance for credit losses 14,582 1.15 % 7,619 0.64 % Net loans $ 1,249,646 $ 1,182,163 Activity in the allowance for credit losses and balances in the loan portfolio were as follows: Commercial Loans to Other (Dollars in thousands) and Commercial Construction Residential Financial Agricultural Industrial Consumer Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Institutions Unallocated Total Allowance for Credit Losses Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Beginning balance $ 136 $ 3,020 $ 913 $ 7,837 $ 72 $ 3,087 $ — $ — $ 15,065 Charge-offs — — ( 131 ) — — — — — ( 131 ) Recoveries — 2 59 — — 2 — — 63 Provision ( 58 ) ( 126 ) 44 ( 600 ) ( 2 ) 287 40 — ( 415 ) Ending balance $ 78 $ 2,896 $ 885 $ 7,237 $ 70 $ 3,376 $ — $ — $ 14,582 Allowance for Credit Losses Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Beginning balance $ 144 $ 1,361 $ 310 $ 4,822 $ 63 $ 906 $ — $ 13 $ 7,619 Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle 14 1,587 541 3,006 20 2,010 — ( 13 ) 7,165 Charge-offs — — ( 271 ) — — — — — ( 271 ) Recoveries — 29 129 13 — 5 — — 176 Provision ( 80 ) ( 81 ) 176 ( 604 ) ( 13 ) 455 40 — ( 106 ) Ending balance $ 78 $ 2,896 $ 885 $ 7,237 $ 70 $ 3,376 $ 40 $ — $ 14,582 Individually evaluated for credit loss $ 1 $ 34 $ — $ 1 $ — $ 36 $ — $ — $ 72 Collectively evaluated for credit loss $ 77 $ 2,862 $ 885 $ 7,236 $ 70 $ 3,340 $ 40 $ — $ 14,510 Loans June 30, 2023 Individually evaluated for credit loss $ 17 $ 318 $ — $ 32 $ — $ 1,756 $ — $ 2,123 Collectively evaluated for credit loss 40,667 223,873 38,614 657,517 16,734 245,862 38,838 1,262,105 Ending balance $ 40,684 $ 224,191 $ 38,614 $ 657,549 $ 16,734 $ 247,618 $ 38,838 $ 1,264,228 Commercial (Dollars in thousands) and Commercial Construction Residential Agricultural Industrial Consumer Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Unallocated Total Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Beginning balance $ 387 $ 1,752 $ 304 $ 3,690 $ 37 $ 589 $ 842 $ 7,601 Charge-offs - ( 100 ) ( 144 ) — - — - ( 244 ) Recoveries - 2 55 1 - 1 - 59 Provision ( 255 ) ( 41 ) 94 533 8 101 ( 440 ) — Ending balance $ 132 $ 1,613 $ 309 $ 4,224 $ 45 $ 691 $ 402 $ 7,416 Allowance for Loan Losses Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Beginning balance $ 448 $ 1,454 $ 290 $ 3,705 $ 110 $ 671 $ 1,010 $ 7,688 Charge-offs ( 131 ) ( 255 ) - - — - ( 386 ) Recoveries 4 106 2 - 2 - 114 Provision ( 316 ) 286 168 517 ( 65 ) 18 ( 608 ) - Ending balance $ 132 $ 1,613 $ 309 $ 4,224 $ 45 $ 691 $ 402 $ 7,416 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1 $ 52 $ 1 $ 7 $ — $ 154 $ — $ 215 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 131 $ 1,561 $ 308 $ 4,217 $ 45 $ 537 $ 402 $ 7,201 Commercial (Dollars in thousands) and Commercial Construction Residential Agricultural Industrial Consumer Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Unallocated Total Allowance for Loan Losses December 31, 2022 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 $ 14 $ 1 $ 5 $ — $ 131 $ — $ 153 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 142 $ 1,347 $ 309 $ 4,817 $ 63 $ 775 $ 13 $ 7,466 Loans December 31, 2022 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 23 $ 177 $ 7 $ 165 $ — $ 2,474 $ 2,846 Collectively evaluated for impairment 64,136 206,074 39,793 622,131 14,736 225,792 1,172,662 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 3,959 8 8,657 — 1,650 14,274 Ending balance $ 64,159 $ 210,210 $ 39,808 $ 630,953 $ 14,736 $ 229,916 $ 1,189,782 The provision for credit losses on loans was a benefit of $ 415,000 and a benefit of $ 106,000 in the second quarter and first half of 2023 respectively, compared to $ 0 in the same periods in the prior year. The provision benefit was deemed necessary due to the impact of improvements in the Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") forecast for unemployment and Gross Domestic Product ("GDP") growth exceeding the provision required for loan growth in the second quarter and first half of 2023 . The FOMC forecast for change in real GDP improved from 0.4 % in March to 1.0 % in June while the unemployment rate forecast improved from 4.5 % in March to 4.1 % in June. The process to monitor the credit quality of ChoiceOne’s loan portfolio includes tracking (1) the risk ratings of business loans, (2) the level of classified business loans, and (3) delinquent and nonperforming consumer loans. Business loans are risk rated on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the characteristics of the ratings follows: Risk Rating 1 through 5 or pass: These loans are considered pass credits. They exhibit acceptable credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the loan from normal business operations. Risk rating 6 or special mention: Loans and other credit extensions bearing this grade are considered to be inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have well-defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market, or political conditions that have clearly jeopardized repayment of principal and interest as originally intended. Furthermore, there is the possibility that ChoiceOne Bank will sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. Clear loss potential, however, does not have to exist in any individual asset classified as substandard. Loans falling into this category should have clear action plans and timelines with benchmarks to determine which direction the relationship will move. Risk rating 7 or substandard: Loans and other credit extensions graded “7” have all the weaknesses inherent in those graded “6”, with the added characteristic that the severity of the weaknesses makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable based upon currently existing facts, conditions, and values. Loans in this classification should be evaluated for non-accrual status. All nonaccrual commercial and Retail loans must be at a minimum graded a risk code “7”. Risk rating 8 or doubtful: Loans and other credit extensions bearing this grade have been determined to have the extreme probability of some loss, but because of certain important and reasonably specific factors, the amount of loss cannot be determined. Such pending factors could include merger or liquidation, additional capital injection, refinancing plans, or perfection of liens on additional collateral. Risk rating 9 or loss: Loans in this classification are considered uncollectible and cannot be justified as a viable asset of ChoiceOne Bank. This classification does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but that it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. The following table reflects the amortized cost basis of loans as of June 30, 2023 based on year of origination (dollars in thousands): Commercial: 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term Loans Total Revolving Loans Grand Total Agricultural Pass $ 1,168 $ 4,940 $ 3,197 $ 1,827 $ 7,427 $ 17,414 $ 35,973 $ 4,455 $ 40,428 Special mention - - - - 182 74 256 - 256 Substandard - - - - - - - - - Doubtful - - - - - - - - - Loss - - - - - - - - - Total $ 1,168 $ 4,940 $ 3,197 $ 1,827 $ 7,609 $ 17,488 $ 36,229 $ 4,455 $ 40,684 Current year-to-date gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial and Industrial Pass $ 19,124 $ 45,260 $ 26,555 $ 12,437 $ 14,795 $ 14,162 $ 132,333 $ 91,514 $ 223,847 Special mention - - 34 113 87 97 331 9 340 Substandard - - - - - 4 4 - 4 Doubtful - - - - - - - - - Loss - - - - - - - - - Total $ 19,124 $ 45,260 $ 26,589 $ 12,550 $ 14,882 $ 14,263 $ 132,668 $ 91,523 $ 224,191 Current year-to-date gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 29,461 $ 137,786 $ 110,926 $ 74,413 $ 46,365 $ 150,104 $ 549,055 $ 107,383 $ 656,438 Special mention - - - - - 586 586 - 586 Substandard - - - - - 525 525 - 525 Doubtful - - - - - - - - - Loss - - - - - - - - - Total $ 29,461 $ 137,786 $ 110,926 $ 74,413 $ 46,365 $ 151,215 $ 550,166 $ 107,383 $ 657,549 Retail: 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term Loans Total Revolving Loans Grand Total Consumer Performing $ 5,938 $ 16,228 $ 8,648 $ 3,820 $ 1,764 $ 1,682 $ 38,080 $ 534 $ 38,614 Nonperforming - - - - - - - - - Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - - Total $ 5,938 $ 16,228 $ 8,648 $ 3,820 $ 1,764 $ 1,682 $ 38,080 $ 534 $ 38,614 Current year-to-date gross write-offs $ - $ 12 $ 9 $ 28 $ - $ 1 $ 50 $ - $ 50 Construction real estate Performing $ 1,313 $ 1,770 $ 565 $ - $ - $ - $ 3,648 $ 13,086 $ 16,734 Nonperforming - - - - - - - - - Nonaccrual - - - - - - - - - Total $ 1,313 $ 1,770 $ 565 $ - $ - $ - $ 3,648 $ 13,086 $ 16,734 Current year-to-date gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Residential real estate Performing $ 25,538 $ 67,935 $ 30,068 $ 17,783 $ 13,699 $ 43,496 $ 198,519 $ 47,517 $ 246,036 Nonperforming - - - - - - - - - Nonaccrual - 436 347 - - 799 1,582 - 1,582 Total $ 25,538 $ 68,371 $ 30,415 $ 17,783 $ 13,699 $ 44,295 $ 200,101 $ 47,517 $ 247,618 Corporate Credit Exposure - Credit risk profile by credit worthiness category (Dollars in thousands) Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate December 31, December 31, December 31, 2022 2022 2022 Pass $ 63,867 $ 209,700 $ 624,555 Special Mention 289 400 2,048 Substandard 3 110 4,350 Doubtful — - — Loss - - - $ 64,159 $ 210,210 $ 630,953 Consumer Credit Exposure - Credit risk profile based on payment activity (Dollars in thousands) Consumer Construction Real Estate Residential Real Estate December 31, December 31, December 31, 2022 2022 2022 Performing $ 39,808 $ 14,736 $ 228,653 Nonperforming — — — Nonaccrual — — 1,263 $ 39,808 $ 14,736 $ 229,916 The following table provides information on loans that were considered troubled loan modification ("TLMs") that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Term Extension % of Total Class of (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Financing Cost Basis Receivable Commercial and industrial $ 67 0 % Total 67 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Term Extension % of Total Class of (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Financing Cost Basis Receivable Commercial and industrial 67 0 % Residential real estate $ 129 0 % Total 196 The following table presents the financial effect by type of modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and class of financing receivable. Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Term Extension Commercial and industrial Termed out line of Credit Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Term Extension Commercial and industrial Termed Out Line of Credit Residential real estate Provided twelve month payment plan to catch up past due amount through our standard program. The following table presents the period-end amortized cost basis of financing receivables that had a payment default during the period and were modified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Term extension Commercial and industrial 67 Total $ 67 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Term extension Commercial and industrial 67 Residential real estate $ 129 Total $ 196 The following table presents the period-end amortized cost basis of loans that have been modified in the past 12 months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by payment status and class of financing receivable. Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-89 days Greater than 90 days Total Commercial and industrial 67 — — 67 Total $ 67 $ - $ - $ 67 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-89 days Greater than 90 days Total Commercial and industrial 67 — — 67 Residential real estate — — 129 129 Total $ 67 $ - $ 129 $ 196 The following table provides information on loans that were considered troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 . Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Pre- Post- Pre- Post- Modification Modification Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding (Dollars in thousands) Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Loans Investment Investment Agricultural — $ — $ — 1 $ 258 $ 258 Commercial and industrial 1 19 19 1 19 19 Total 1 $ 19 $ 19 2 $ 277 $ 277 There were no TDRs where the borrower was past due with respect to principal and/or interest for 30 days or more during the three months ended June 30, 2022, which loans had been modified and classified as TDRs during the year prior to the default. Nonaccrual loans by loan category as of June 30, 2023 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual loans with no ACL Total nonaccrual loans Interest income recognized during the period on nonaccrual loans Interest income recognized during the period on nonaccrual loans Residential real estate $ 676 $ 1,581 $ — $ — Total nonaccrual loans $ 676 $ 1,581 $ — $ — Nonaccrual loans by loan category as of December 31, 2022 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Total nonaccrual loans Residential real estate $ 1,263 $ 1,263 The following schedule provides information regarding average balances of loans evaluated for impairment and interest recognized on June 30, 2022: Unpaid (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance December 31, 2022 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ — $ — $ — Commercial and industrial — — — Consumer — — — Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate 550 595 — Subtotal 550 595 — With an allowance recorded Agricultural 23 27 2 Commercial and industrial 177 177 14 Consumer 7 7 1 Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 165 165 5 Residential real estate 1,924 1,954 131 Subtotal 2,296 2,330 153 Total Agricultural 23 27 2 Commercial and industrial 177 177 14 Consumer 7 7 1 Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 165 165 5 Residential real estate 2,474 2,549 131 Total $ 2,846 $ 2,925 $ 153 Unpaid (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance June 30, 2022 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ 314 $ 428 $ — Commercial and industrial — — — Consumer — — — Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate 439 469 — Subtotal 753 897 — With an allowance recorded Agricultural 6 7 1 Commercial and industrial 159 190 52 Consumer 7 8 1 Construction real estate 149 149 — Commercial real estate — — 7 Residential real estate 1,613 1,644 154 Subtotal 1,934 1,998 215 Total Agricultural 320 435 1 Commercial and industrial 159 190 52 Consumer 7 8 1 Construction real estate 149 149 — Commercial real estate — — 7 Residential real estate 2,052 2,113 154 Total $ 2,687 $ 2,895 $ 215 Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Income Investment Recognized Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ 314 $ — Commercial and industrial 46 — Consumer — — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate — — Residential real estate 220 — Subtotal 580 — With an allowance recorded Agricultural 1,117 - Commercial and industrial 211 1 Consumer 20 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 153 2 Residential real estate 1,733 12 Subtotal 3,234 15 Total Agricultural 1,431 — Commercial and industrial 257 1 Consumer 20 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 153 2 Residential real estate 1,953 12 Total $ 3,814 $ 15 Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Income Investment Recognized Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ 314 $ — Commercial and industrial 31 — Consumer — — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 31 — Residential real estate 201 — Subtotal 577 — With an allowance recorded Agricultural 1,512 — Commercial and industrial 254 2 Consumer 18 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 162 5 Residential real estate 1,831 29 Subtotal 3,777 36 Total Agricultural 1,826 — Commercial and industrial 285 2 Consumer 18 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 193 5 Residential real estate 2,032 29 Total $ 4,354 $ 36 An aging analysis of loans by loan category follows: Loans Loans Loans Loans Past Due 90 Days Past Due Past Due Greater Past (Dollars in thousands) 30 to 59 60 to 89 Than 90 Loans Not Total Due and Days (1) Days (1) Days (1) Total (1) Past Due Loans Accruing June 30, 2023 Agricultural $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 40,684 $ 40,684 $ — Commercial and industrial 61 132 — 193 223,998 224,191 — Consumer 5 — — 5 38,609 38,614 — Commercial real estate 1,059 — — 1,059 656,490 657,549 — Construction real estate — 128 — 128 16,606 16,734 — Residential real estate 224 653 560 1,437 246,181 247,618 Loans to Other Financial Institutions — — — — 38,838 38,838 $ 1,349 $ 913 $ 560 $ 2,822 $ 1,261,406 $ 1,264,228 $ — December 31, 2022 Agricultural $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 64,159 $ 64,159 $ — Commercial and industrial — 171 — 171 210,039 210,210 — Consumer 39 7 — 46 39,762 39,808 — Commercial real estate — — — — 630,953 630,953 — Construction real estate — — — — 14,736 14,736 — Residential real estate 682 — 842 1,524 228,392 229,916 — $ 721 $ 178 $ 842 $ 1,741 $ 1,188,041 $ 1,189,782 $ — (1) Includes nonaccrual loans. The table below presents a roll forward of the accretable yield on the County Bank Corp. acquired loan portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands): (Dollars in thousands) Purchased with credit deterioration Purchased without credit deterioration Acquired Total Balance January 1, 2022 $ 288 $ 1,176 $ 1,464 Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield 2,192 — 2,192 Accretion January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 ( 553 ) ( 98 ) ( 651 ) Balance January 1, 2023 1,927 1,078 3,005 Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield - Accretion January 1, 2023 through June 30, 2023 ( 269 ) ( 270 ) ( 539 ) Balance, June 30, 2023 $ 1,658 $ 808 $ 2,466 The table below presents a roll forward of the accretable yield on Community Shores Bank Corporation acquired loan portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands): Purchased with credit deterioration Purchased without credit deterioration Acquired Total Balance January 1, 2022 $ 522 $ 197 $ 719 Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield 1,086 — 1,086 Accretion January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 ( 993 ) ( 197 ) ( 1,190 ) Balance January 1, 2023 615 - 615 Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield 622 622 Accretion January 1, 2023 through June 30, 2023 ( 376 ) ( 376 ) Balance, June 30, 2023 $ 861 $ - $ 861 |