LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Activity in the allowance for loan losses and balances in the loan portfolio were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Agricultural Commercial Consumer Commercial Construction Residential Unallocated Total Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Beginning balance $ 471 $ 655 $ 270 $ 1,663 $ 76 $ 640 $ 282 $ 4,057 Charge-offs — — (89 ) — — — — (89 ) Recoveries — 1 44 — — 2 — 47 Provision (124 ) 197 (5 ) 297 48 419 (57 ) 775 Ending balance $ 347 $ 853 $ 220 $ 1,960 $ 124 $ 1,061 $ 225 $ 4,790 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 98 $ — $ 1 $ 13 $ — $ 266 $ — $ 378 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 249 $ 853 $ 219 $ 1,947 $ 124 $ 795 $ 225 $ 4,412 December 31, 2019 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 103 $ — $ 4 $ 13 $ — $ 235 $ — $ 355 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 368 $ 655 $ 266 $ 1,650 $ 76 $ 405 $ 282 $ 3,702 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Beginning balance $ 481 $ 892 $ 254 $ 1,926 $ 38 $ 537 $ 545 $ 4,673 Charge-offs — — (106 ) — — — — (106 ) Recoveries — 17 143 2 — 1 — 163 Provision (57 ) (52 ) 45 (65 ) 2 20 107 — Ending balance $ 424 $ 857 $ 336 $ 1,863 $ 40 $ 558 $ 652 $ 4,730 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 85 $ 4 $ 12 $ 19 $ — $ 179 $ — $ 299 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 339 $ 853 $ 324 $ 1,844 $ 40 $ 379 $ 652 $ 4,431 Loans March 31, 2020 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 379 $ 259 $ 16 $ 2,272 $ — $ 2,449 $ 5,375 Collectively evaluated for impairment 50,104 136,989 34,236 348,365 17,525 213,706 800,925 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 3,953 — 1,116 — 208 5,277 Ending balance $ 50,483 $ 141,201 $ 34,252 $ 351,753 $ 17,525 $ 216,363 $ 811,577 December 31, 2019 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 924 $ 259 $ 17 $ 2,288 $ — $ 2,434 $ 5,922 Collectively evaluated for impairment 56,415 141,583 38,524 323,358 13,411 215,106 788,397 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 6,241 313 733 — 442 7,729 Ending balance $ 57,339 $ 148,083 $ 38,854 $ 326,379 $ 13,411 $ 217,982 $ 802,048 The provision for loan losses was $775,000 in the first quarter of 2020, compared to $0 in the same period in the prior year. The first quarter of 2020 provision was deemed prudent due to growth in ChoiceOne’s loan portfolio, loans originated by Lakestone Bank & Trust in the two quarters since the merger with County Bank Corp., and the uncertainty of the future impact of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic upon ChoiceOne’s borrowers and their ability to repay loans. While it is difficult to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have in future quarters, ChoiceOne expects increased levels of past due loans, nonperforming loans and loan losses. The process to monitor the credit quality of ChoiceOne’s loan portfolio includes tracking (1) the risk ratings of business loans, (2) the level of classified business loans, and (3) delinquent and nonperforming consumer loans. Business loans are risk rated on a scale of 1 to 8. A description of the characteristics of the ratings follows: Risk ratings 1 and 2: These loans are considered pass credits. They exhibit good to exceptional credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the loan from normal business operations. Risk rating 3: These loans are considered pass credits. They exhibit acceptable credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the loan from normal business operations. Risk rating 4: These loans are considered pass credits. However, they have potential developing weaknesses that, if not corrected, may cause deterioration in the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. While a loss is possible for a loan with this rating, it is not anticipated. Risk rating 5: These loans are considered special mention credits. Loans in this risk rating are considered to be inadequately protected by the net worth and debt service coverage of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These loans have well defined weaknesses that may jeopardize the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. If the weaknesses are not corrected, loss of principal and interest could be probable. Risk rating 6: These loans are considered substandard credits. These loans have well defined weaknesses, the severity of which makes collection of principal and interest in full questionable. Loans in this category may be placed on nonaccrual status. Risk rating 7: These loans are considered doubtful credits. Some loss of principal and interest has been determined to be probable. The estimate of the amount of loss could be affected by factors such as the borrower’s ability to provide additional capital or collateral. Loans in this category are on nonaccrual status. Risk rating 8: These loans are considered loss credits. They are considered uncollectible and will be charged off against the allowance for loan losses. Information regarding the Banks’ credit exposure was as follows: Corporate Credit Exposure - Credit Risk Profile By Creditworthiness Category (Dollars in thousands) Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31, Risk ratings 1 and 2 $ 10,977 $ 14,173 $ 16,405 $ 14,920 $ 11,561 $ 11,051 Risk rating 3 25,759 27,163 96,714 105,656 293,759 271,120 Risk rating 4 12,906 14,530 27,005 26,152 42,244 39,934 Risk rating 5 462 1,094 804 1,081 1,310 1,332 Risk rating 6 379 379 273 274 2,879 2,942 $ 50,483 $ 57,339 $ 141,201 $ 148,083 $ 351,753 $ 326,379 Consumer Credit Exposure - Credit Risk Profile Based On Payment Activity (Dollars in thousands) Consumer Construction Real Estate Residential Real Estate March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31, Performing $ 34,236 $ 38,838 $ 17,525 $ 13,411 $ 215,434 $ 216,651 Nonperforming — — — — — — Nonaccrual 16 16 — — 929 1,331 $ 34,252 $ 38,854 $ 17,525 $ 13,411 $ 216,363 $ 217,982 There were no loans that were considered troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019. The Banks may There were no loans that were considered TDRs as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 where the borrower was past due with respect to principal and/or interest for 30 days or more during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 that had been modified during the year prior to the default. The federal banking agencies issued an “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus” on March 22, 2020 and subsequently issued a revised statement on April 7, 2020. These statements encourage financial institutions to work constructively with borrowers affected by COVID-19, and provide that short-term modifications to loans made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of the statements are not considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). Further, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, passed by Congress on March 27, 2020, states that COVID-19 related modifications on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. As of April 30, 2020, ChoiceOne had granted modifications on approximately 600 loans which, in reliance on the statements of federal banking agencies and the CARES Act, are not reflected as TDRs in this report. ChoiceOne anticipates that additional such modifications will be made in the second quarter of 2020. Impaired loans by loan category follow: (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Unpaid Related March 31, 2020 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ — $ — $ — Commercial and industrial 259 259 — Consumer — — — Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 1,882 1,882 — Residential real estate 76 76 — Subtotal 2,217 2,217 — With an allowance recorded Agricultural 379 477 98 Commercial and industrial — — — Consumer 16 17 1 Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 390 403 13 Residential real estate 2,373 2,639 266 Subtotal 3,158 3,536 378 Total Agricultural 379 477 98 Commercial and industrial 259 259 — Consumer 16 17 1 Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 2,272 2,285 13 Residential real estate 2,449 2,715 266 Total $ 5,375 $ 5,753 $ 378 (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Unpaid Related December 31, 2019 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ 545 $ 545 $ — Commercial and industrial 259 340 — Consumer — — — Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 1,882 2,471 — Residential real estate 42 42 — Subtotal 2,728 3,398 — With an allowance recorded Agricultural 379 439 103 Commercial and industrial — — — Consumer 17 18 4 Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 406 406 13 Residential real estate 2,392 2,460 235 Subtotal 3,194 3,323 355 Total Agricultural 924 984 103 Commercial and industrial 259 340 — Consumer 18 18 4 Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate 2,287 2,877 13 Residential real estate 2,434 2,502 235 Total $ 5,922 $ 6,721 $ 355 The following schedule provides information regarding average balances of impaired loans and interest recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019: Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Income Investment Recognized Three Months ended March 31, 2020 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ 272 $ — Commercial and industrial 259 — Consumer — — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 1,882 — Residential real estate 59 — Subtotal 2,472 — With an allowance recorded Agricultural 379 — Commercial and industrial 7 — Consumer 16 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 391 7 Residential real estate 2,383 30 Subtotal 3,176 37 Total Agricultural 651 — Commercial and industrial 266 — Consumer 16 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 2,273 7 Residential real estate 2,442 30 Total $ 5,648 $ 37 Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Income Investment Recognized Three Months ended March 31, 2019 With no related allowance recorded Agricultural $ 92 $ — Commercial and industrial — — Consumer 1 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 73 7 Residential real estate 203 23 Subtotal 369 30 With an allowance recorded Agricultural 391 — Commercial and industrial 23 — Consumer 76 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 541 — Residential real estate 2,499 1 Subtotal 3,530 1 Total Agricultural 483 — Commercial and industrial 23 — Consumer 78 — Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 613 7 Residential real estate 2,702 24 Total $ 3,899 $ 31 An aging analysis of loans by loan category follows: Loans Loans Loans Past Due Loans Past Due Past Due Greater 90 Days Past (Dollars in thousands) 30 to 59 60 to 89 Than 90 Loans Not Total Due and Days (1) Days (1) Days (1) Total (1) Past Due Loans Accruing March 31, 2020 Agricultural $ — $ — $ 379 $ 379 $ 50,104 $ 50,483 $ — Commercial and industrial 56 99 259 414 140,787 141,201 — Consumer 43 — — 43 34,209 34,252 — Commercial real estate 1,268 32 1,882 3,182 348,571 351,753 — Construction real estate 1,187 — — 1,187 16,338 17,525 — Residential real estate 2,152 8 229 2,389 213,974 216,363 — $ 4,706 $ 139 $ 2,749 $ 7,594 $ 803,983 $ 811,577 $ — December 31, 2019 Agricultural $ — $ 68 $ — $ 68 $ 57,271 $ 57,339 $ — Commercial and industrial 542 15 259 816 147,267 148,083 — Consumer 121 19 11 151 38,703 38,854 — Commercial real estate — — 1,882 1,882 324,497 326,379 — Construction real estate — — — — 13,411 13,411 — Residential real estate 2,466 582 393 3,441 214,541 217,982 — $ 3,129 $ 684 $ 2,545 $ 6,358 $ 795,690 $ 802,048 $ — (1) Includes nonaccrual loans. Nonaccrual loans by loan category follow: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 Agricultural $ 380 $ 379 Commercial and industrial 694 776 Consumer 16 16 Commercial real estate 2,139 2,185 Construction real estate — — Residential real estate 929 1,331 $ 4,158 $ 4,687 The table below details the outstanding balances of the County Bank Corp. acquired portfolio and the acquisition fair value adjustments at acquisition date (dollars in thousands): (Dollars in thousands) Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Loans acquired - contractual payments $ 7,729 $ 387,394 $ 395,123 Nonaccretable difference (2,928 ) — (2,928 ) Expected cash flows 4,801 387,394 392,195 Accretable yield (185 ) (1,656 ) (1,841 ) Carrying balance at acquisition date $ 4,616 $ 385,738 $ 390,354 The table below presents a rollforward of the accretable yield on acquired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): (Dollars in thousands) Acquired Acquired Acquired Impaired Non-impaired Total Balance, January 1, 2020 $ 185 $ 1,581 $ 1,766 Accretion income — (50 ) (50 ) Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 185 $ 1,531 $ 1,716 |