Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation | Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation |
Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. (“Corporation” or “Codorus Valley”) is a one-bank holding company headquartered in York, Pennsylvania that provides a full range of banking services through its subsidiary, PeoplesBank, A Codorus Valley Company (“PeoplesBank” or “Bank”). PeoplesBank operates two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Codorus Valley Financial Advisors, Inc., which sells nondeposit investment products, and SYC Settlement Services, Inc., which provides real estate settlement services. In addition, PeoplesBank may periodically create nonbank subsidiaries for the purpose of temporarily holding foreclosed properties pending the liquidation of these properties. PeoplesBank operates under a state charter and is subject to regulation by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Corporation is subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve Board and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. |
|
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Codorus Valley and its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, PeoplesBank, and two wholly-owned nonbank subsidiaries, SYC Realty Company, Inc. and CVLY Corp. SYC Realty is primarily used to hold foreclosed properties obtained by PeoplesBank pending the liquidation of these properties and was inactive during the reportable period of 2014. CVLY Corp. was formed in connection with the acquisition of Madison Bancorp, Inc. The accounts of CVB Statutory Trust No. 1 and No. 2 are not included in the consolidated financial statements as discussed in Note 8 –Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt. All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting policies of Codorus Valley and subsidiaries conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and have been followed on a consistent basis. |
|
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 855, the Corporation evaluated the events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date of December 31, 2014, through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued. |
|
Investment Securities | Investment Securities |
The classification of securities is determined at the time of acquisition and is reevaluated at each reporting date. Securities classified as available-for-sale are debt securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of assets and liabilities, income or liquidity needs, regulatory considerations and other factors. Debt securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the estimated life of the security. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are computed on the basis of specific identification of the adjusted cost of each security and are shown net as a separate line item in the statement of income. |
|
Declines in the fair value of available-for-sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management must first assess whether (a) it has the intent to sell the security and (b) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated recovery. These steps are done before assessing whether the cost basis of the investment will be recovered. The assessment of the probability of recovery would consider, among other things, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. More information about investment securities is provided in Note 3 – Securities. |
|
Restricted Investment in Bank Stocks | Restricted Investment in Bank Stocks |
Restricted stock, which represents required investments in the common stock of correspondent banks, is carried at cost and, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, consisted primarily of the common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLBP) and, to a lesser degree, Atlantic Community Bankers Bank (ACBB). Under the FHLBP’s Capital Plan, PeoplesBank is required to maintain a minimum member stock investment, both as a condition of becoming and remaining a member and as a condition of obtaining borrowings from the FHLBP. The FHLBP uses a formula to determine the minimum stock investment, which is based on the volume of loans outstanding, unused borrowing capacity and other factors. |
The FHLBP paid dividends during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. The FHLBP restricts the repurchase of the excess capital stock of member banks. The amount of excess capital stock that can be repurchased from any member is currently the lesser of five percent of the member’s total capital stock outstanding or its excess capital stock outstanding. |
|
Management evaluates the restricted stock for impairment in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 942. Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on their assessment of the ultimate recoverability of their cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. Using the FHLBP as an example, the determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as: (1) the significance of the decline in net assets of the FHLBP as compared to the capital stock amount for the FHLBP and the length of time this situation has persisted; (2) commitments by the FHLBP to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLBP; and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the FHLBP. Management believes no impairment charge was necessary related to the restricted stock during the periods ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
|
Loans Held for Sale | Loans Held for Sale |
Loans held for sale are comprised of residential mortgage loans originated by the Bank and servicing of the loan is not retained after sale. Loans held for sale are reported at the lower of cost or fair value, as determined by the aggregate commitments from investors or current investor yield requirements. The amount by which cost exceeds fair value, if any, is accounted for as a valuation allowance and is charged to expense in the period of the change. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related mortgage loan and is recorded in noninterest income. |
|
Loans | Loans |
Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff, are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances less amounts charged off, net of an allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Generally, loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) over the contractual life of the loan. The loans receivable portfolio is segmented into commercial and consumer loans. Commercial loans consist of the following industry classes: builder & developer, commercial real estate investor, residential real estate investor, hotel/motel, wholesale & retail, agriculture, manufacturing and all other. Consumer loans consist of the following classes: residential mortgage, home equity and all other. |
|
For all classes of loans receivable, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Interest received on nonaccrual loans, including impaired loans, generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to the Corporation’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, generally six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. The past due status of all classes of loans receivable is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments. |
|
Allowance for Loan Losses | Allowance for Loan Losses |
The allowance for loan losses represents the Corporation’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Loans deemed to be uncollectable are charged against the allowance for loan losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. All, or part, of the principal balance of loans receivable are charged off to the allowance as soon as it is determined that the repayment of all, or part, of the principal balance is highly unlikely. While the Corporation attributes a portion of the allowance to individual loans and groups of loans that it evaluates and determines to be impaired, the allowance is available to cover all charge-offs that arise from the loan portfolio. |
|
The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that can be reasonably anticipated. The Corporation performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance. The allowance is based on the Corporation’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. |
The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired, generally substandard and nonaccrual loans. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the collateral value (or discounted cash flows or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of loans by loan class including commercial loans not considered impaired, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans. These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure based upon historical loss rates for each of these classes of loans, adjusted for qualitative (environmental) risk factors. Historical loss rates are based on a two year rolling average of net charge-offs. Qualitative risk factors that supplement historical losses in the evaluation of loan pools include: |
|
· | Changes in national and local economies and business conditions | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Changes in the value of collateral for collateral dependent loans | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
· | Changes in the level of concentrations of credit | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Changes in the volume and severity of classified and past due loans | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Changes in collection, charge-off, and recovery procedures | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Changes in underwriting standards and loan terms | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Changes in the quality of the loan review system | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Changes in the experience/ability of lending management and key lending staff | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Regulatory and legal regulations that could affect the level of credit losses | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
· | Other pertinent environmental factors | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|
Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on the Corporation’s best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect the Corporation’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the loan portfolio. |
|
As disclosed in Note 4-Loans, the Corporation engages in commercial and consumer lending. Loans are made within the Corporation’s primary market area and surrounding areas, and include the purchase of whole loan or participation interests in loans from other financial institutions. Commercial related loans, which pose the greatest risk of loss to the Corporation, whether originated or purchased, are generally secured by real estate. Within the broad commercial loan segment, the builder & developer and commercial real estate investor loan classes generally present a higher level of risk than other commercial loan classifications. This greater risk is due to several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers, the effect of general economic conditions on income producing properties, unstable real estate prices and the dependency upon successful construction and sale or operation of the real estate project. Within the consumer loan segment, junior (i.e., second) liens present a slightly higher risk to the Corporation because economic and housing market conditions can adversely affect the underlying value of the collateral and the ability of some borrowers to service their debt. |
|
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered in determining impairment include payment status and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. The Corporation determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans that are deemed impaired are evaluated for impairment loss based on the net realizable value of the collateral, as applicable. Loans that are not collateral dependent will rely on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate to determine impairment loss. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans such as residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and other consumer loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, unless they are classified as impaired. |
|
An allowance for loan losses is established for an impaired commercial loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. For commercial loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals of the underlying collateral. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the most recent appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraisals are generally discounted to provide for selling costs and other factors to determine an estimate of the net realizable value of the property. For commercial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. In instances when specific consumer related loans become impaired, they may be partially or fully charged off, which obviates the need for a specific allowance. |
|
Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings if the Corporation grants borrowers experiencing financial difficulties concessions that it would not otherwise consider. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring may involve an interest rate that is below the market rate given the associated credit risk of the loan or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. Loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are designated as impaired. Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for a reasonable period of time, generally six consecutive months after modification and future payments are reasonably assured. |
|
Banking regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Corporation to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to the Corporation. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio, the Corporation believes that the level of the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2014 is adequate. |
|
Transfers of Financial Assets | Transfers of Financial Assets |
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Corporation, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Corporation does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. |
|
Premises and Equipment | Premises and Equipment |
Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is calculated principally on the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives are seven to forty years for buildings and improvements, three to twenty years for furniture and equipment and three to seven years for computer equipment and software. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost of significant improvements to existing assets is capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or related lease term. When facilities are retired or otherwise disposed of, the depreciated cost is removed from the asset accounts, and any gain or loss is reflected in the statement of income. |
|
Foreclosed Real Estate | Foreclosed Real Estate |
Foreclosed real estate, included in other assets, is comprised of property acquired through a foreclosure proceeding or property that is acquired through in substance foreclosure. Foreclosed real estate is initially recorded at fair value minus estimated costs to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Any difference between the carrying value and the new cost basis is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Appraisals, based upon an independent third party, are generally used to determine fair value. After foreclosure, management reviews valuations at least quarterly and adjusts the asset to the lower of cost or fair value minus estimated costs to sell through a valuation allowance or a charge-off. Costs related to the improvement of foreclosed real estate are generally capitalized until the real estate reaches a saleable condition subject to fair value limitations. Revenue and expense from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in noninterest expense. When a foreclosed real estate asset is ultimately sold, any gain or loss on the sale is included in the income statement as a component of noninterest expense. At December 31, 2014, foreclosed real estate, net of allowance, was $2,542,000, compared to $4,068,000 for December 31, 2013. |
|
Investments in Real Estate Partnerships | Investments in Real Estate Partnerships |
In March 2003, PeoplesBank acquired a 73.47 percent limited partner interest in a real estate joint venture known as Village Court, which was formed to develop, construct, own and operate a 60-unit affordable housing complex located in Dover Township, York County, Pennsylvania. Construction of the housing complex was completed in the fourth quarter of 2004 and the complex was fully leased by December 31, 2004. The investment balance included in other assets has been fully amortized as of December 31, 2014, compared to $208,000 at December 31, 2013. |
|
Investment and related tax credits are accounted for under the effective yield method of accounting under which tax credits are recognized as they are allocated, and the cost of the investment is amortized to provide a constant yield over the period that tax credits are allocated, generally ten years. |
|
Bank Owned Life Insurance | Bank Owned Life Insurance |
PeoplesBank invests in bank owned life insurance (BOLI) as a source of funding for employee benefit expenses. BOLI involves the purchasing of life insurance by PeoplesBank on a select group of employees and directors. PeoplesBank is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. This life insurance investment is carried at the cash surrender value of the underlying policies and is included in other assets in the amount of $23,296,000 at December 31, 2014, compared to $21,491,000 at December 31, 2013. |
|
Trust and Investment Services Assets | Trust and Investment Services Assets |
Assets held by PeoplesBank in a fiduciary or agency capacity for its customers are not included in the consolidated balance sheets since these items are not assets of PeoplesBank. |
|
Advertising | Advertising |
Advertising costs are charged to expense when incurred. |
|
Income Taxes | Income Taxes |
Deferred income taxes are provided on the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the effective date. |
|
The Corporation accounts for uncertain tax positions as required by FASB ASC Topic 740. FASB ASC Topic 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. Specifically, the accounting standard prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return as well as guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. No significant income tax uncertainties have been identified by the Corporation; therefore, the Corporation recognized no adjustment for unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 or 2012. The Corporation’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in income taxes expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The Corporation did not recognize any interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. The tax years subject to examination by the taxing authorities are the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011. |
|
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment losses for investment securities and the evaluation of impairment losses for foreclosed real estate. |
|
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 16. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. |
|
Per Common Share Computations | Per Common Share Data |
Basic net income per common share is calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per common share is calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Corporation relate solely to outstanding stock options and are determined using the treasury stock method. All share and per share amounts are adjusted for stock dividends that are declared prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements. |
|
The computation of net income per common share for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 is provided in the table below. |
|
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 11,595 | | $ | 10,316 | | $ | 9,010 |
| | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic) | | 5,612 | | | 4,982 | | | 4,897 |
Effect of dilutive stock options | | 98 | | | 99 | | | 67 |
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted) | | 5,710 | | | 5,081 | | | 4,964 |
| | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 2.07 | | $ | 2.07 | | $ | 1.84 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 2.03 | | $ | 2.03 | | $ | 1.82 |
| | | | | | | | |
Anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the computation of earnings per share | | 56 | | | 24 | | | 117 |
|
|
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation |
The Corporation accounts for its stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, which requires public companies to recognize compensation expense, related to stock-based compensation awards in their statements of operations. Compensation expense is equal to the fair value of the stock-based compensation awards on the grant date and is recognized over the vesting period of such awards. More information is provided in Note 12. |
|
Cash Flow Information | Cash Flow Information |
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Corporation considers interest bearing deposits with banks, cash and due from banks, and federal funds sold to be cash and cash equivalents. |
|
Supplemental cash flow information is provided in the table below. |
|
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | |
Cash paid during the period for: | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes | $ | 3,511 | $ | 3,740 | $ | 2,825 | | |
Interest | $ | 7,954 | $ | 8,698 | $ | 10,578 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Noncash investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Transfer of loans to foreclosed real estate | $ | 1,597 | $ | 969 | $ | 231 | | |
Charitable donation of foreclosed real estate | $ | 43 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | | |
Transfer of loans held for sale to held-to-maturity portfolio | $ | 0 | $ | 258 | $ | 0 | | |
Increase in other liabilities for preferred dividends declared | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 63 | | |
|
|
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments | Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments |
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation enters into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet when they become a receivable to the Corporation. |
|
Comprehensive Income | Comprehensive Income |
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the shareholders’ equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income. |
|
Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting |
Management has determined that it operates in only one segment, community banking. The Corporation’s non-banking activities are insignificant to the consolidated financial statements. |
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). |
This standards update provides a framework that replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. |
|