Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Principles of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Use of estimates |
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The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Areas of significant estimates include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation expense, the value of the warrant liability, the resolution of uncertain tax positions, recoverability of long-lived assets and provisions for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence, inventory valuation, warranty accruals, and going concern assessments. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Liquidity Disclosure [Policy Text Block] | Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties |
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The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on its future financial position or results of operations: continued regulatory compliance or regulatory changes; the ability to develop new products and services that are accepted in the marketplace; competition, including, but not limited to, pricing and products or product features and services; litigation or other claims; the adequate and timely sourcing and manufacturing of inventories; and the hiring, training and retention of key employees. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Cash equivalents |
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The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less, when acquired, to be cash equivalents. |
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Inventories |
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Raw material, finished goods and work in progress inventories are carried at the lower of actual cost, determined on a first-in first-out basis, and market value. The cost of finished goods and work in progress inventories includes direct materials, direct labour and applicable overhead. The Company writes down its inventory balances for estimates of excess and obsolete amounts. These write-downs are recorded as a component of cost of sales. At the point of the write-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. |
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Long Lived Asset Impairment |
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Long-lived assets to be held and used by the Company are periodically reviewed to determine whether any events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets to be held and used, the Company bases its evaluation on impairment indicators such as the nature of the assets, the future economic benefit of the assets, any historical or future profitability measurements, as well as other external market conditions or factors that may be present. In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss will be recognized for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value. |
Lease, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Leases |
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Leases are classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership of the property to the Company are accounted for as capital leases. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments are expensed in a manner that results in the total rent payments being recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. |
Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Deferred lease inducements |
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Lease inducements arising from rent-free inducements and non-repayable leasehold improvement allowances received from the landlord are being amortized over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis. |
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Revenue recognition |
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Product sales are recognized when legal title passes to distributors or customers, the sales price is fixed and determinable, collection of the resulting receivables is reasonably assured and no uncertainties with regard to customer acceptance exist. Sales are recorded net of discounts and sales returns. |
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When arrangements include multiple elements, we use objective evidence of fair value to allocate revenue to the elements, and recognize revenue when the criteria for revenue recognition have been met for each element, in accordance with authoritative guidance on multiple-element arrangements. |
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Upfront fees from collaborative research arrangements that are non-refundable, require the ongoing involvement of the Company and are directly linked to specific milestones are deferred and amortized into income as services are rendered. Upfront fees from collaborative research arrangements that are non-refundable, require the ongoing involvement of the Company and are not directly linked to specific milestones are deferred and amortized into income on a straight-line basis over the term of ongoing development. Upfront fees from collaborative research arrangements that are refundable are deferred and recognized once the refundable period has lapsed. |
Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Accounts Receivable |
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For product sales, the Company typically invoices its customers at shipment for the sales order value of products shipped. For contract revenue, invoicing occurs based upon the terms of the specific research contract, typically one month in arrears for services rendered and any other allowable direct costs. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to any of its customers. |
Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In cases where the Company becomes aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations subsequent to the original sale, the Company will record an allowance against amounts due, and thereby reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the length of time the receivables are past due and consideration of other factors such as industry conditions, the current business environment and its historical experience. |
Deferred Charges, Deferred Financing Costs [Policy Text Block] | Deferred Financing CostsThe Company capitalizes incremental costs directly attributable to obtaining debt. The deferred financing costs are subsequently amortized using the effective interest rate method to interest expense over the contractual life of the debt. Under a modification to a debt arrangement, only the incremental costs directly paid to the lender are capitalized and amortized over the contractual life of the debt. All incremental costs paid to third parties are expensed when incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss. |
Standard Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Warranty accrual |
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The Company offers a standard limited warranty on its products. The Company estimates costs that may be incurred under its warranty program as liabilities at the time the products are sold. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold, anticipated rate of warranty claims, and costs per claim, which require management to make estimates about future costs. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. The initial recognition of and subsequent adjustments to the warranty accrual are recorded to cost of sales. |
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Research and development costs |
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Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include expenses associated with new product research and regulatory activities. |
Shipping and Handling Cost, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Shipping and Handling Costs |
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Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenues and are recognized as a period expense during the period in which they are incurred. |
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | Stock-based compensation |
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The Company uses the fair value method of accounting for all stock-based awards for non-employees and for all stock-based awards to employees that were granted, modified or settled since January 1, 2003. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires certain assumptions, including future stock price volatility, estimated forfeiture rates and expected time to exercise. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures such that expense is recorded only for those stock-based awards that are expected to vest. A forfeiture rate is estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. Changes to any of these assumptions could produce different fair values for stock-based compensation. The expense is amortized on a straight-line basis over the graded vesting period. |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Property, plant and equipment |
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Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows: |
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Office and laboratory furniture and equipment (years) | 5 |
Office and laboratory computer equipment (years) | 3 |
Computer software (years) | 2 |
Manufacturing equipment (years) | 5 – 7 |
Manufacturing molds (years) | 2 |
Leasehold improvements | Initial term of lease |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Restricted deposits |
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Restricted deposits consist of long-term deposits pledged as security as part of certain contractual obligations. The interest earned on these deposits is recorded in interest income on the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss. |
Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Financial Instruments |
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Financial instruments include cash, cash equivalents, receivables, restricted deposits, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities, term loan, warrant liability, and the repayable leasehold improvement allowance. The Company has classified restricted deposits as held-to-maturity. Trade receivables and other receivables are classified as loans and receivables. Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities, term loan, warrant liability and the repayable leasehold improvement allowance are classified as other financial liabilities. |
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Held-for-trading financial instruments are initially measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded to net income. Held-to-maturity investments are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method with changes in amortized cost recorded to net income. Loans and receivables and other financial liabilities are initially measured at amortized cost with subsequent changes in amortized cost recorded to net income. Transaction costs (except for transaction costs related to held-for-trading financial instruments, which are expensed as, incurred) are included in the carrying amounts of financial instruments as they are carried on the consolidated balance sheet. |
Warrants Policy [Policy Text Block] | WarrantsThe Company accounts for warrants, issued in the 2011 rights offering, pursuant to the authoritative guidance on accounting for derivative financial instruments indexed to, and potentially settled in, a company’s own stock. The Company classifies warrants on the consolidated balance sheet as a liability that is revalued at each balance sheet date subsequent to the initial issuance. Determining the appropriate fair-value model, and calculating the fair value of warrants requires considerable judgment, including estimating stock price volatility and expected warrant life. The computation of expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of shares of the Company’s common stock for a period that coincides with the expected life of the warrants. A small change in the estimates used may have a relatively large change in the estimated valuation. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to value the warrants. Changes in the fair market value of the warrants are reflected in the consolidated statement of loss as Unrealized (gain)/loss on revaluation of warrant liability |
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block] | Foreign currency translation |
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Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the determination of loss for the year. |
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Income taxes |
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The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method of tax allocation. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future income tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using substantively enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in substantively enacted rates is included in earnings in the period that includes the substantive enactment date. Deferred income tax assets, net of a valuation allowance, are recorded in the consolidated financial statements if realization is considered more likely than not. |
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The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis and considers various factors, including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company includes interest and penalties related to gross unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. |
Scientific Research and Development Tax Credits Policy [Policy Text Block] | Scientific Research and Development Tax CreditsThe benefits of tax credits for scientific research and development expenditures are recognized in the year the qualifying expenditure is made provided there is reasonable assurance of recoverability. The tax credits recorded are based on the Company’s estimates of amounts expected to be recovered and are subject to audit by taxation authorities. All qualifying expenditures are eligible for non-refundable tax credits only. |
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Loss per common share |
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Basic loss per common share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year, excluding contingently issuable shares. Diluted loss per common share is computed in accordance with the treasury stock method that uses the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The effect of potentially issuable common shares from outstanding stock options and outstanding warrants is anti-dilutive for all periods presented. |
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Segment Information |
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Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its senior management team. The Company has one operating segment that is dedicated to the manufacture and sale of RAMP® tests. In note 16, the Company discloses information about Products and Services, Geographic Areas, and Major Customers. |