Exhibit 8.1
Our principal subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018, are listed below. All other subsidiaries, if considered in the aggregate, would not constitute a significant subsidiary under Rule1-02(w) of RegulationS-X.
COMPANY NAME | JURISDICTION UNDER WHICH ORGANISED | OWNERSHIP INTEREST | ||||
United States | ||||||
AKQA, Inc. | California | 100 | ||||
Mirum LLC | California | 100 | ||||
Possible Worldwide, LLC | California | 100 | ||||
Acceleration eMarketing Inc | Delaware | 88 | ||||
Arctouch LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
BCW LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Benenson Strategy Group, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Bottle Rocket LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Catalyst Online LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Chi Wunderman Partnership LLC | Delaware | 50 | ||||
CMI Media, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Competitive Media Reporting, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
DeepLocal Inc. | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Essence Global LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Finsbury LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Grey Global Group LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Group M Worldwide, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Group SJR LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
GTB Agency, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Hill and Knowlton Strategies, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Hogarth California, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Hogarth Worldwide Inc. | Delaware | 100 | ||||
International Meetings & Science LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
J. Walter Thompson Company LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
J. Walter Thompson U.S.A., LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Kantar Consulting LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Kantar Health LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Kantar LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
KBM Group LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Landor, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Lightspeed, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Marketing Direct LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Mediacom Worldwide LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
mPlatform, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Ogilvy CommonHealth Worldwide LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
OpenMindWorld, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Penn, Schoen & Berland Associates, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
PERQ/HCI, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Possible Mobile, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Promotion Execution Partners, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Rasor Holdings LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Rockfish Interactive LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Spafax Networks LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Sudler & Hennessey, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Swift + POSSIBLE LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Taxi Inc. | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Team Garage LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
The Exchange Lab Inc | Delaware | 100 | ||||
The Glover Park Group, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
The Lacek Group LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
The Ogilvy Group, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Viscira, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Global LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
WPP Clapton Square, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
WPP Group U.S. Finance LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
WPPIH 2001, Inc. | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Xaxis US, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Xaxis, LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Young & Rubicam LLC | Delaware | 100 | ||||
Reese Communications Companies, Inc. | District of Columbia | 100 | ||||
Gorilla, LLC | Illinois | 100 | ||||
Triad Digital Media, LLC | Michigan | 100 | ||||
VML, LLC | Missouri | 100 | ||||
Wunderman Worldwide, LLC | Nevada | 100 | ||||
Geometry Global LLC | New York | 100 | ||||
GHG GreyHealth Group LLC | New York | 100 | ||||
GWE LLC | New York | 100 | ||||
Mindshare USA, LLC | New York | 100 | ||||
Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, LLC | New York | 100 | ||||
WPP Montagu Square LLC | New York | 100 | ||||
Set Management, LLC | Oregon | 65 | ||||
Public Strategies, Inc. | Texas | 100 |
COMPANY NAME | JURISDICTION | OWNERSHIP INTEREST | ||||
Non-US | ||||||
MindShare Argentina S.A. | Argentina | 100 | ||||
M Media Group Pty Ltd | Australia | 62 | ||||
Mediacom Australia Pty Limited | Australia | 62 | ||||
Ogilvy Australia Pty Ltd | Australia | 62 | ||||
OPR AGENCY PTY LIMITED | Australia | 62 | ||||
Wavemaker Australia Pty Ltd | Australia | 62 | ||||
WPP AUNZ LIMITED | Australia | 62 | ||||
MediaCom – die Kommunikationsagentur GmbH | Austria | 80 | ||||
J Walter Thompson Middle East and North Africa E.C. | Bahrain | 68 | ||||
J Walter Thompson Publicidade Ltda | Brazil | 100 | ||||
KANTAR IBOPE Participações Ltda. | Brazil | 100 | ||||
KANTAR IBOPE Pesquisa de Mídia Ltda. | Brazil | 100 | ||||
Maristela Mafei Participações S.A. | Brazil | 78 | ||||
Ogilvy & Mather Brasil Comunicação Ltda | Brazil | 100 | ||||
PTR Brasil Publicidade Ltda. | Brazil | 100 | ||||
Y&R Propaganda Ltda | Brazil | 90 | ||||
Blast Radius Inc. | Canada | 100 | ||||
Entreprise de Communications Tank Inc. | Canada | 100 | ||||
John Street Inc | Canada | 100 | ||||
Mediacom Canada | Canada | 100 | ||||
MindShare Canada | Canada | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Canada ULC | Canada | 100 | ||||
WPP Group Canada Finance, Inc. | Canada | 100 | ||||
Always (Shanghai) Marketing Services Co Ltd | China | 65 | ||||
Beijing Benpao Century Technology Development Co.,Ltd. | China | 100 | ||||
Blue Hive Shanghai Advertising Co Ltd | China | 100 | ||||
GroupM (Shanghai) Advertising Co. Ltd | China | 100 | ||||
Guangzhou Dawson Marketing Communication Co. Ltd | China | 51 | ||||
J.Walter Thompson Bridge Advertising Co. Ltd. | China | 100 | ||||
Kantar China Limited | China | 95 | ||||
Kinetic Advertising (Shanghai) Co. Ltd | China | 100 | ||||
Shanghai Easycom Advertising Co., Ltd. | China | 75 | ||||
Shanghai Linjie Marketing Services Co. Ltd. | China | 70 | ||||
Shanghai Ogilvy & Mather Advertising Ltd | China | 100 | ||||
TNS Sinotrust Market Research Consulting (Beijing) Co. Ltd. | China | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Czech s.r.o. | Czech Republic | 100 | ||||
AKQA Denmark A/S | Denmark | 75 | ||||
MediaCom Danmark A/S | Denmark | 100 | ||||
Techedge ApS | Denmark | 59 | ||||
WPP Holding Denmark A/S | Denmark | 100 | ||||
Wunderman A/S | Denmark | 51 | ||||
CT Finances SA | France | 83 | ||||
Kantar SAS | France | 100 | ||||
KantarTNS-MB SAS | France | 100 | ||||
KR Wavemaker SAS | France | 100 | ||||
Media Insight SNC | France | 100 | ||||
Mediacom Paris SA | France | 100 | ||||
Ogilvy & Mather S.A.S | France | 100 | ||||
Regional Management Group SAS | France | 100 | ||||
WPP Finance SA | France | 100 | ||||
AKQA GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
Commarco GmbH 120274 | Germany | 100 | ||||
EMNID Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Germany | 100 | ||||
GREY Düsseldorf GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
GroupM Competence Center GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
Groupm Germany GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
HERING SCHUPPENER Consulting Strategieberatung für Kommunikation GmbH | Germany | 56 | ||||
Hirschen Group GmbH | Germany | 49 | ||||
Kantar Deutschland GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
Kantar Live GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
Mather Direct GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
MediaCom Agentur für Media-Beratung GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
MediaCom TWENTYFIVE GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
MindShare GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
Ogilvy GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
PATH GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
plista GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
Syzygy AG | Germany | 50 | ||||
thjnk ag | Germany | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker GMBH | Germany | 100 | ||||
WPP Deutschland Holding GmbH & Co. KG | Germany | 100 | ||||
WPP Marketing Communications Germany GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
Young & Rubicam Group Germany GmbH | Germany | 100 | ||||
BATES CHINA LIMITED | Hong Kong | 100 | ||||
GroupM Limited | Hong Kong | 100 | ||||
MindShare Hong Kong Limited | Hong Kong | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Hong Kong Limited | Hong Kong | 100 | ||||
WPP Marketing Communications (Hong Kong) Limited | Hong Kong | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Hungary Kft | Hungary | 100 | ||||
AnalyticsQuotient Services India Private Limited | India | 100 | ||||
GroupM Media India Pvt Ltd | India | 70 | ||||
Hindustan Thompson Associates Private Limited | India | 74 | ||||
Kantar Analytics India Private Limited | India | 100 | ||||
MediaCom Communications Pvt Ltd | India | 74 | ||||
Ogilvy & Mather Pvt Limited | India | 74 | ||||
Ogilvy & Mather Pvt Ltd | India | 74 | ||||
FAST—Financial Administration Solutions & Technologies Srl | Italy | 100 | ||||
GroupM Srl | Italy | 100 | ||||
Mediacom Italia Srl | Italy | 100 | ||||
Mindshare SpA | Italy | 100 | ||||
Sentrix Global Health Communications Srl | Italy | 100 |
COMPANY NAME | JURISDICTION | OWNERSHIP INTEREST | ||||
Wavemaker Italia S.r.l. | Italy | 100 | ||||
Xtel Srl | Italy | 100 | ||||
Grey Worldwide Inc (Japan) | Japan | 100 | ||||
WPP Scangroup Limited | Kenya | 56 | ||||
WPP Luxembourg Gamma Three Sarl | Luxembourg | 100 | ||||
WPP Luxembourg Sarl | Luxembourg | 100 | ||||
WPP Luxembourg Turris S.à r.l. | Luxembourg | 100 | ||||
WPP Marketing Communications (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd | Malaysia | 100 | ||||
MindShare de México, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | ||||
Mirum, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | ||||
Worldwide Mediacom México, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | ||||
WPP México, S.R.L. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | ||||
Cavendish Square Holding BV | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
EffectiveBrands Holding B.V. | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
GroupM B.V. | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
Lightspeed Research B.V. | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
Russell Square Holding BV | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
Taylor Nelson Sofres BV | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker BV | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
Witgoud Investments B.V. | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
WPP Square one B.V | Netherlands | 100 | ||||
MediaCom AS (Norway) | Norway | 100 | ||||
GroupM Pakistan (Private) Ltd | Pakistan | 100 | ||||
Memac Ogilvy & Mather Holding Inc. | Panama | 60 | ||||
Kantar Philippines, Inc. | Philippines | 99 | ||||
Kantar Polska S.A. | Poland | 100 | ||||
MediaCom—Warszawa Sp.z.o.o. | Poland | 100 | ||||
MindShare Polska Sp. z.o.o. | Poland | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Sp.z.o.o | Poland | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Servicos Publicitarios Ltda. | Portugal | 100 | ||||
dtSI Inc | Republic of Korea | 100 | ||||
Kantar Korea Ltd | Republic of Korea | 100 | ||||
LLC ‘GroupM’ | Russia | 100 | ||||
LLC ‘Mindshare’ | Russia | 100 | ||||
LLC ‘Wavemaker’ | Russia | 100 | ||||
GroupM Singapore Pte Ltd | Singapore | 100 | ||||
Ogilvy Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | 100 | ||||
Kantar South Africa (Pty) Limited | South Africa | 81 | ||||
Mindshare South Africa (Gauteng) (Proprietary) Limited | South Africa | 79 | ||||
Wavemaker (Pty) Ltd | South Africa | 83 | ||||
Kantar Media S.A. | Spain | 100 | ||||
Mediacom Iberia SA | Spain | 100 | ||||
Mindshare Spain SA | Spain | 100 | ||||
The Cocktail Global, S.L. | Spain | 80 | ||||
Wavemaker Publicidad Spain S.L. | Spain | 100 | ||||
WPP Holdings Spain, S.L. | Spain | 100 | ||||
Mediacom AG | Switzerland | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Taiwan Ltd | Taiwan | 100 | ||||
WPP (Thailand) Ltd | Thailand | 100 | ||||
Mindshare Medya Hizmetleri A.S. | Turkey | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker MENA FZ LLC | United Arab Emirates | 69 | ||||
2Sixty Technologies Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
AKQA Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Beaumont Square | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Cockpit Holdings Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Cordiant Communications Group Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Design Bridge Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Enduring Organisation | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Essence Global Group Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Finecast Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
G2 Branding and Design Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Grey Advertising Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
GroupM UK Digital Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Hill & Knowlton Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Hogarth Worldwide Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
J. Walter Thompson Group Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Kantar Media UK Ltd | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Kantar Retail UK Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Kantar UK Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Kinetic Worldwide Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
KR Media UK Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Lightspeed Research Ltd | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Maxus Communications (UK) Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
MediaCom Group Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Mediacom North Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Mediaedge:CIA Worldwide Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Millward Brown UK Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Mindshare Media UK Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Motion Content Group Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
MSIX Communications Limited | United Kingdom | 50 | ||||
Ogilvy & Mather Group (Holdings) Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Precise Media Monitoring Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Salmon Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Spafax Airline Network Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Stickleback Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Superunion Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
The Finsbury Group Limited | United Kingdom | 75 | ||||
The Kantar Group Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
The&Partners London Limited | United Kingdom | 50 | ||||
TNS Group Holdings Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Global Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
Wavemaker Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP 2005 Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP AMC Holdings | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Beans Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Brands (UK) Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Brands Development Holdings (UK) Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Brands Holdings (UK) Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Finance 2010 | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Finance 2015 Limited | United Kingdom | 100 |
COMPANY NAME | JURISDICTION | OWNERSHIP INTEREST | ||||
WPP Finance Co. Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Group (UK) Ltd | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Jubilee Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Ottawa Ltd | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Samson Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Sigma Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Sparkle Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Sphinx Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP UK Germany Holdings | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Unicorn Limited | United Kingdom | 100 | ||||
WPP Media Ltd | Vietnam | 99 |