As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2019
1933 Act Registration File No. 333-_______
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-14
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
[ ] Pre-Effective Amendment No. ___
[ ] Post-Effective Amendment No. ___
(Check appropriate box or boxes.)
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (817) 391-6100
Gene L. Needles, Jr., President
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard
Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copy to:
Kathy K. Ingber, Esq.
K&L Gates LLP
1601 K Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 20006-1600
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the Registration Statement becomes effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
It is proposed that this Registration Statement will become effective on the 30th day after filing pursuant to Rule 488 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Title of Securities Being Registered: Investor Class and Y Class shares of American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund, a series of the Registrant.
No filing fee is due because the Registrant is relying on Section 24(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, pursuant to which it has previously registered an indefinite number of securities (File Nos. 033-11387 and 811-04984).
CONTENTS OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT
This Registration Statement contains the following papers and documents:
Cover Sheet
Contents of Registration Statement
Letter to Shareholders
Notice of Special Meeting
Questions and Answers
Part A - Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus
Part B - Statement of Additional Information
Part C - Other Information
Signature Page
Exhibit Index
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
[ ], 2019
Your action is required. Please vote today.
Dear shareholders:
A Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Target Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “IMST Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust, will be held at 2:00 p.m. Central Time on April 18, 2019, at the office of Palmer Square Capital Management LLC (“Palmer Square”), 1900 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 315, Mission Woods, Kansas 66205. At the Special Meeting, shareholders of the Target Fund will be asked to approve a proposed Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Termination (the “Plan”), which provides for the reorganization of the Target Fund into the American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Acquiring Fund”), a newly created series of American Beacon Funds, a Massachusetts business trust (the “Acquiring Trust”) (the “Reorganization”), as further described below.
Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (“RIM”), the parent company of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the “Manager”), expects to acquire a majority interest in SSI Investment Management, Inc. (“SSI” or “Sub-Advisor”), the sub-advisor for the Target Fund, in the second calendar quarter of 2019. If the Reorganization is approved it would, in effect, move the Target Fund to the American Beacon funds complex.
The Acquiring Fund is designed to be substantially similar from an investment perspective to the Target Fund. The investment objectives of the Acquiring Fund are identical to those of the Target Fund, and the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund have substantially similar investment strategies. SSI is the current sub-advisor for the Target Fund and, in that capacity, makes day-to-day investment decisions for the Target Fund. SSI will serve as the sub-advisor for, and will make day-to-day investment decisions for, the Acquiring Fund. The Reorganization will shift other management oversight responsibility from Palmer Square, the current investment advisor of the Target Fund, to the Manager, the Acquiring Fund’s manager. In addition, the Manager would be responsible for managing the portion of the Acquiring Fund’s assets that SSI determines to be allocated to short-term investments. Currently SSI performs this function with respect to the Target Fund. The Manager is an experienced provider of investment advisory services to institutional and retail investors, with approximately $31.2 billion in mutual fund assets and $55.6 billion in overall assets under management as of November 30, 2018.
The Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and the Manager will enter into an investment advisory agreement (the “Initial Agreement”) with the Sub-Advisor that will become effective on the date of the Reorganization. In addition, in connection with RIM’s expected acquisition of a majority interest in the Sub-Advisor, the Board of Trustees of the Acquiring Trust (the “Acquiring Trust Board”) and the sole initial shareholder of the Acquiring Fund will be asked to approve an investment advisory agreement (the “Replacement Agreement”) among the Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, the Manager, and the Sub-Advisor prior to the commencement of the Acquiring Fund’s operations. In connection with their proposed approval of the Replacement Agreement, the Acquiring Trust Board and the sole initial shareholder will be informed that: (i) other than planned retirements, the senior management at the Sub-Advisor will remain materially intact after the change in control; (ii) the Replacement Agreement includes the same terms and conditions as the Initial Agreement; (iii) the services provided by the Sub-Advisor to the Acquiring Fund and the fee rate paid by the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will be the same under the Replacement Agreement; and (iv) the individuals who provide portfolio management services to the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will remain the same after the change in control.
In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place prior to the Reorganization, the Initial Agreement will be executed after such acquisition and will remain in effect for an initial period of two years and thereafter from year to year provided that any such continuance is approved by the
Acquiring Trust Board, including a majority of the independent trustees. In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place after the Reorganization, the acquisition would result in a change in control of the Sub-Advisor and the assignment and termination of the Initial Agreement. In that event, the Replacement Agreement would become effective upon the closing of the acquisition.
If the Plan is approved by the Target Fund’s shareholders, and certain other conditions are fulfilled, the Reorganization is expected to take effect on or about April 26, 2019. At that time, the Target Fund will transfer all of its assets and liabilities to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares that you own, as applicable, would, in effect, be exchanged on a tax-free basis for Investor Class and Y Class shares, respectively, of the Acquiring Fund with the same aggregate value as set forth below.
Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Class A shares | à | Investor Class shares |
Class I shares | à | Y Class shares |
Shares of the Acquiring Fund would be distributed pro rata on a class-by-class basis by the Target Fund to shareholders in complete liquidation of the Target Fund. No sales loads, commissions or other transactional fees will be imposed on shareholders in connection with the exchange of their shares. After any applicable fee waivers, the net total annual operating expense ratio of each of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares is expected to be lower than the net total annual fund operating expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively, at least through October 28, 2021.
Palmer Square believes that the Reorganization may benefit Target Fund shareholders by, among other things, providing them with access to the Manager’s significant distribution platform, which could lead to potential asset growth opportunities that, if realized, could result in Target Fund shareholders experiencing economies of scale and greater efficiencies leading to lower overall costs over time.
The Reorganization is contingent on all of the conditions of the Plan being satisfied. Therefore, if the conditions of the Plan are not satisfied or waived by mutual agreement of the parties thereto, the Reorganization will not occur, even if the Plan is approved by shareholders, and Palmer Square and SSI will continue to serve as investment advisor and sub-advisor, respectively, of the Target Fund.
The Board of Trustees of the IMST Trust unanimously recommends that shareholders of the Target Fund vote in favor of the proposed Reorganization.
How to vote:
While you may attend the Special Meeting in person, voting today will save on the potential cost of future mailings required to obtain shareholder votes. You have multiple options available for how to cast your proxy vote:
Mail: | Complete the enclosed proxy card and return it in the enclosed postage-prepaid envelope; |
Internet: | The web address and instructions for voting online can be found on the enclosed proxy card; and |
Phone: | Cast your vote by automated touchtone phone or with a proxy voting representative by calling one of the toll-free numbers found on the enclosed proxy card. |
The attached Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus contains further information regarding the Reorganization and the Acquiring Fund. Please read it carefully before voting. If you have any questions regarding the Reorganization or the proxy card, or need assistance voting your shares, please contact Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc., the Target Fund’s proxy solicitor, toll-free at (855) 643-7304.
Your vote is very important to us. Thank you for your response and for your continued investment in the Target Fund.
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Respectfully,
[signature to be inserted] |
Maureen Quill President Investment Managers Series Trust |
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INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
This is a brief overview of the Reorganization proposed for the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund. We encourage you to read the full text of the attached Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus for more information.
Question: What is happening?
Answer: Based on the recommendation of Palmer Square Capital Management, LLC (“Palmer Square”), the Board of Trustees of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “IMST Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust, has approved an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Termination (the “Plan”), which provides for the reorganization of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Target Fund”), a series of the IMST Trust, into the American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Acquiring Fund”), a newly created series of American Beacon Funds (the “Acquiring Trust”), a Massachusetts business trust (the “Reorganization”).
The Plan requires approval by shareholders of the Target Fund, and if the Plan is approved, the Reorganization is expected to close on or about April 26, 2019, or such other date as the parties to the Plan may agree.
Pursuant to a separate Asset Purchase Agreement between Palmer Square and American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the “Manager”), for the sale by Palmer Square of certain assets related to the management of the Target Fund, the Manager has agreed to compensate Palmer Square upon the closing of the Reorganization, based on the daily net assets of the Target Fund on the closing date of the Reorganization. This compensation is payable by the Manager and not by the Target Fund or Acquiring Fund.
In this Question and Answers section, the Target Fund and Acquiring Fund may be referred to as a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds.”
Question: Why did you send me this document?
Answer: The attached Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus is a proxy statement for the Target Fund and a prospectus for the Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund (collectively, the “Proxy Statement”). The purposes of the Proxy Statement are to: (1) solicit votes from shareholders of the Target Fund to approve the Plan, the form of which is attached to the Proxy Statement as Appendix A, and (2) provide information regarding the Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Proxy Statement contains information that shareholders of the Target Fund should know before voting on the Plan. The Proxy Statement should be retained for future reference.
Question: What is the purpose of the Reorganization? Why did Palmer Square propose the Reorganization?
Answer: The purpose of the Reorganization is to move the Target Fund to the American Beacon funds complex. Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (“RIM”), the parent company of the Manager, expects to acquire a majority interest in SSI Investment Management, Inc. (“SSI” or “Sub-Advisor”), the sub-advisor for the Target Fund, in the second calendar quarter of 2019. If the Reorganization is approved it is expected that the Reorganization would take effect in advance of SSI’s affiliation with the Manager.
The Acquiring Fund is designed to be substantially similar from an investment perspective to the Target Fund. If the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, the management oversight responsibility will shift from Palmer Square, the current investment advisor of the Target Fund, to the Manager, the Acquiring Fund’s manager.
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SSI is the current investment sub-advisor for the Target Fund and, in that capacity, makes day-to-day investment decisions for the Target Fund. SSI will continue to serve as the sub-advisor for, and will make day-to-day investment decisions for, the Acquiring Fund. However, the Manager would be responsible for managing the portion of the Acquiring Fund’s assets that SSI determines to be allocated to short-term investments. Currently SSI performs this function with respect to the Target Fund.
Palmer Square recommended to the Board of Trustees of the IMST Trust that the Target Fund be reorganized into the Acquiring Fund in order to provide Target Fund shareholders with access to the Manager’s significant distribution platform, which could lead to potential asset growth opportunities that, if realized, could result in Target Fund shareholders experiencing economies of scale and greater efficiencies leading to lower overall costs over time. In addition, the proposed Reorganization would give Target Fund shareholders the opportunity to diversify through exchange privileges with the other mutual funds in the American Beacon funds complex, which span a wide range of investment objectives and management styles. Finally, the Manager has agreed to implement expense caps for the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares that, after the applicable fee waivers, will cause the net total annual fund operating expenses for the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares to be lower than the Target Fund’s net total annual fund operating expenses for Class A and Class I shares, respectively, through at least October 28, 2021.
Question: How will the Reorganization work?
Answer: In order to reconstitute the Target Fund as a series of the Acquiring Trust, the Acquiring Fund, a fund using substantially similar principal investment strategies and portfolio management techniques as the Target Fund, has been created as a new series of the Acquiring Trust. If the Plan is approved by the Target Fund’s shareholders, and certain other conditions are fulfilled, the Reorganization is expected to take effect on or about April 26, 2019. At that time, the Target Fund will transfer all of its assets and liabilities to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund equal in aggregate value to the Class A and Class I shares of the Target Fund as of the close of business on the closing date of the Reorganization. The Target Fund will then distribute the Investor Class and Y Class shares it receives from the Acquiring Fund to Class A and Class I shareholders of the Target Fund, respectively. Immediately after the Reorganization, shareholders of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares will become shareholders of the Acquiring Fund and will hold the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares, respectively, having an aggregate value equal to the aggregate value of their Target Fund shares held immediately prior to the Reorganization, as set forth below:
Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Class A shares | à | Investor Class shares |
Class I shares | à | Y Class shares |
Subsequently, the Target Fund will be liquidated. The Target Fund shares that you own would, in effect, be exchanged on a tax-free basis for shares of the corresponding classes of the Acquiring Fund with the same aggregate value. Shares of the Acquiring Fund would be distributed pro rata on a class-by-class basis by the Target Fund to shareholders in complete liquidation of the Target Fund. No sales loads, commissions or other transactional fees will be imposed on shareholders in connection with the exchange of their shares.
Question: How will the Reorganization affect me as a shareholder?
Answer: You will become a shareholder of the Acquiring Fund and will hold shares of the Acquiring Fund equal in value to the Target Fund shares you hold immediately prior to the Reorganization.
The Acquiring Fund is designed to be substantially similar from an investment perspective to the Target Fund. The investment objectives of the Acquiring Fund are identical to those of the Target Fund, and the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund have substantially similar investment strategies. The Acquiring Fund’s investment limitations are similar to those of the Target Fund, except that the Acquiring Fund’s investment limitations are designed to align, where appropriate, to those applicable to other funds in the American Beacon funds complex.
SSI, the current sub-advisor to the Target Fund, will serve as the sub-advisor to the Acquiring Fund. The Reorganization will shift other management oversight responsibility from Palmer Square, the current investment
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advisor of the Target Fund, to the Manager, the manager of the Acquiring Fund. In addition, the Manager would be responsible for managing the portion of the Acquiring Fund’s assets that SSI determines to be allocated to short-term investments. Currently SSI performs this function with respect to the Target Fund. The Reorganization will affect other services currently provided to the Target Fund. The following table outlines the service providers for the Target Fund and the comparable service providers for the Acquiring Fund. In addition, the Board of Trustees of the Acquiring Trust is different from the Board of Trustees of the IMST Trust.
Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Advisor/Manager | Palmer Square Capital Management LLC | American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
Sub-Advisor | SSI Investment Management, Inc. | Same. |
Administrator | Mutual Fund Administration, LLC; UMB Fund Services, Inc. | American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
Distributor | IMST Distributors, LLC | Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. |
Transfer Agent | UMB Fund Services, Inc. -- transfer agent and fund accountant | DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. --transfer agent and dividend paying agent |
Custodian | UMB Bank, n.a. | State Street Bank and Trust Company --custodian and accounting agent and foreign custody manager |
Auditor | Tait, Weller & Baker LLP | Ernst & Young LLP |
Question: Who will manage the Acquiring Fund?
Answer: The Manager will be responsible for overseeing the management of the Acquiring Fund, and the Sub-Advisor will be primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Acquiring Fund. In particular, the portfolio managers at the Sub-Advisor who are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Target Fund will act as portfolio managers of the Acquiring Fund. However, the Manager would be responsible for managing the portion of the Acquiring Fund’s assets that the Sub-Advisor determines to be allocated to short-term investments. Currently the Sub-Advisor performs this function with respect to the Target Fund.
The Manager is an experienced provider of investment advisory services to institutional and retail investors, with approximately $31.2 billion in mutual fund assets and $55.6 billion in overall assets under management as of November 30, 2018. Since 1986, the Manager has offered a variety of services and products, including corporate cash management, separate account management, and mutual funds. The Manager serves retail clients as well as defined benefit plans, defined contribution plans, foundations, endowments, corporations, and other institutional investors. There are currently 35 series of the Acquiring Trust, including the Acquiring Fund. The American Beacon funds complex, which includes the funds in three open-end trusts and two closed-end funds advised by the Manager, currently includes international and domestic equity portfolios spanning a variety of longer-range investment strategies through balanced portfolios, as well as short-term investment options such as bond funds and money market funds.
The Sub-Advisor is a California corporation that has been registered with the SEC as an investment advisor since January 1975 and has served as the sub-advisor to the Target Fund since its inception in May 2012. The Sub-Advisor had approximately $1.8 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2018.
RIM, the parent company of the Manager, expects to acquire a majority interest in the Sub-Advisor in the second calendar quarter of 2019. The Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and the Manager will enter
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into an investment advisory agreement (the “Initial Agreement”) with the Sub-Advisor that will become effective on the date of the Reorganization. In addition, the Acquiring Trust Board and the sole initial shareholder of the Acquiring Fund will be asked to approve an investment advisory agreement (the “Replacement Agreement”) among the Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, the Manager, and the Sub-Advisor prior to the commencement of the Acquiring Fund’s operations. In connection with their proposed approval of the Replacement Agreement, the Acquiring Trust Board and the sole initial shareholder will be informed that: (i) other than planned retirements, the senior management at the Sub-Advisor will remain materially intact after the change in control; (ii) the Replacement Agreement includes the same terms and conditions as the Initial Agreement; (iii) the services provided by the Sub-Advisor to the Acquiring Fund and the fee rate paid by the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will be the same under the Replacement Agreement; and (iv) the individuals who provide portfolio management services to the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will remain the same after the change in control.
In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place prior to the Reorganization, the Initial Agreement will be executed after such acquisition and will remain in effect for an initial period of two years and thereafter from year to year provided that any such continuance is approved by the Acquiring Trust Board, including a majority of the independent trustees. In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place after the Reorganization, the acquisition would result in a change in control of the Sub-Advisor and the assignment and termination of the Initial Agreement. In that event, the Replacement Agreement would become effective upon the closing of the acquisition.
Question: How will the Reorganization affect the fees and expenses I pay as a shareholder of the Target Fund?
Answer: It is anticipated that the gross total expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares will be slightly higher than the gross total expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class A shares, and that the gross total expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares will be lower than that of the Target Fund’s Class I shares. A fee waiver and expense reimbursement agreement (a “fee waiver agreement”) is in effect through July 31, 2019, for the Target Fund and a fee waiver agreement will be in effect through October 28, 2021 for the Acquiring Fund, although the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares are expected to operate below their expense limitation cap under the fee waiver agreement. After any applicable fee waivers, the net total annual operating expense ratio of each of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares is expected to be lower than the net total annual operating expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively, at least through October 28, 2021.
Under the Acquiring Fund’s fee waiver agreement, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund through October 28, 2021 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.81% for the Investor Class and 1.56% for the Y Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). Currently, the estimated gross total expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares is below the expense limitation cap, but there is no guarantee that the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares will continue to operate below the expense limitation cap. After the expiration of the current fee waiver agreement, if the Manager does not continue to reduce and/or reimburse expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and/or Y Class shares, the total annual fund operating expenses of those share classes could exceed the limits set forth in the current fee waiver agreement. If this occurs, the expenses borne by shareholders of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and/or Y Class shares will increase. The Manager currently intends to recommend to the Acquiring Trust Board the continuation of the fee waiver agreement for the Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund for the foreseeable future. The Target Fund’s advisor and sub-advisor have contractually agreed to waive their fees and/or pay for expenses of the Target Fund through July 31, 2019, to the extent that the Target Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses exceed 1.74% of the average daily net assets of the Target Fund’s Class A shares and 1.49% of the Target Fund’s Class I shares (excluding, as applicable, any shareholder servicing plan fees, taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend or interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses as determined in accordance with Form N-1A, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses). Although the contractual expense caps of the Target Fund (of 1.74% and 1.49% of the average daily net assets of Class A and Class I shares, respectively) are lower than the contractual expense caps of the Acquiring Fund (of 1.81% and 1.56%
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of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class and Y Class shares, respectively), the contractual expense limitation of the Target Fund excludes shareholder service fees, which were 0.09% for the period ended September 30, 2018. After the applicable fee waivers, the net total expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares are expected to be lower than the net total expenses of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively.
At the current asset size of the Target Fund, the management fee rate of the Acquiring Fund would be the same as the management fee rate paid by the Target Fund, but as the Acquiring Fund’s assets increase, its management fee rate would decrease due to breakpoints in the Acquiring Fund’s advisory fee schedule. However, the management fee to be paid by the Acquiring Fund includes administrative services, which are a separate expense for the Target Fund. The sub-advisory fee rate of the Target Fund is the same as the sub-advisory fee rate of the Acquiring Fund. The management and sub-advisory fee rates for the Funds are set forth below.
Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Management Fee | 0.35% of average daily net assets | 0.35% of average daily net assets on the first $5 billion in assets 0.325% of average daily net assets on the next $5 billion in assets 0.30% of average daily net assets on the next $10 billion in assets 0.275% of average daily net assets on assets in excess of $20 billion |
Sub-advisory Fee | 0.95% of average daily net assets on the first $300 million in assets 0.85% of average daily net assets on assets in excess of $300 million | 0.95% of average daily net assets on the first $300 million in assets 0.85% of average daily net assets on assets in excess of $300 million |
The Target Fund assesses a front-end sales charge of 5.75% on its Class A shares, which may be subject to various waivers and reductions as described in the Target Fund’s prospectus, and does not assess a front-end sales charge or exchange fees on its Class I shares. No such fees will be assessed by the Acquiring Fund on the Investor Class or Y Class shares. The Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares will have no Rule 12b-1 distribution and service fee (“12b-1 fee”), while the Target Fund’s Class A shares pay a 12b-1 fee at an annual rate of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Class A shares. Neither the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares nor the Target Fund’s Class I shares have a 12b-1 fee. The Target Fund is authorized to pay a shareholder services fee at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class A and Class I shares for non-distribution administrative and support services. The Acquiring Fund will have a shareholder services plan fee with an annual rate up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. In addition, the Acquiring Fund may reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund.
Question: Will the Reorganization result in any federal income tax liability for the Target Fund or its shareholders?
Answer: We expect that neither the Target Fund nor its shareholders will recognize any gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a direct result of the Reorganization, and the IMST Trust and Acquiring Trust expect to receive a tax opinion generally confirming this position. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers about possible state and local tax consequences of the Reorganization, if any, because the information about tax consequences in this document relates only to the federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization.
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Question: Will I be charged a sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge as a result of the Reorganization?
Answer: No sales charges, loads, commissions or other transactional fees will be imposed on shareholders in connection with the Reorganization.
Question: Why do I need to vote?
Answer: Your vote is needed to ensure that a quorum and sufficient votes are present at the Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) so that the proposals can be acted upon. Your immediate response on the enclosed proxy card will help prevent the need for any further solicitations for a shareholder vote. Your vote is very important to us regardless of the number of shares you own.
Question: How does the Board of Trustees recommend that I vote?
Answer: After careful consideration and upon the recommendation of Palmer Square, the IMST Trust’s Board of Trustees unanimously recommends that shareholders of the Target Fund vote “FOR” the Plan.
Question: What will happen if the Plan is not approved by shareholders of the Target Fund?
Answer: If shareholders of the Target Fund do not approve the Plan, the Target Fund will not be reorganized into the Acquiring Fund and the IMST Trust’s Board of Trustees may take such further action as they may deem to be in the best interests of the Target Fund and its shareholders.
Question: Who is paying for expenses related to the Special Meeting and the Reorganization?
Answer: The Manager and Palmer Square will bear all direct costs relating to the Reorganization, including the costs of preparing the Plan and Proxy Statement and seeking approval from the Target Fund’s shareholders of the Plan. The Target Fund and its shareholders will not incur any direct expenses in connection with the Reorganization. The Manager does not anticipate any indirect costs in connection with the Reorganization; however, any indirect costs, if any, will be borne by the Acquiring Fund.
Question: How do I vote my shares?
Answer: You have multiple options available for how to cast your proxy vote:
Mail: | To vote your proxy by mail, check the appropriate voting box on the reverse side of your proxy card, sign and date the card and return it in the enclosed postage-prepaid envelope. If you sign, date and return the proxy card but give no voting instructions, the proxies will vote FOR the proposal. |
Internet: | The web address and instructions for voting online can be found on the enclosed proxy card. You will be required to provide your control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card. |
Phone: | Automated Touchtone: The toll-free number for automated touchtone telephone voting can be found on the enclosed proxy card. You must have the control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card. |
Representative: To cast your vote by phone with a proxy voting representative, call the toll-free number found on the enclosed proxy card. You will be required to provide your control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card.
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Question: Who do I call if I have questions?
Answer: If you have any questions regarding the proposal, the proxy card or need assistance voting your shares, please contact Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc., the Target Fund’s proxy solicitor, toll-free at (855) 643-7304.
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INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD APRIL 18, 2019
To the Shareholders of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that a Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund, a series of Investment Managers Series Trust, is to be to be held at 2:00 p.m. Central Time on April 18, 2019, at the office of Palmer Square Capital Management LLC (“Palmer Square”), 1900 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 315, Mission Woods, Kansas 66205, to act on the following proposal:
To approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Termination approved by Investment Managers Series Trust’s Board of Trustees, which provides for the reorganization of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund, a series of Investment Managers Series Trust, into the American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund, a newly created series of American Beacon Funds.
Those present and the appointed proxies also will transact such other business, if any, as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof.
Holders of record of the shares of beneficial interest in the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund as of the close of business on February 8, 2019 (“Record Date”), are entitled to vote at the Special Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof.
If the necessary quorum to transact business or the vote required to approve any proposal is not obtained at the Special Meeting or if a quorum is obtained but sufficient votes required to approve the Plan are not obtained, the persons named as proxies on the enclosed proxy card may, but are not required to, propose one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting to permit, in accordance with applicable law, further solicitation of proxies with respect to the proposals. The persons designated as proxies may use their discretionary authority to vote on questions of adjournment and on any other proposals raised at the Special Meeting to the extent permitted by the proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including proposals for which timely notice was not received, as set forth in the SEC’s proxy rules.
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Special Meeting of Shareholders to be Held on April 18, 2019, or any adjournment or postponement thereof. This Notice and the attached Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus (the “Proxy Statement”) are available on the internet at www.palmersquarefunds.com. On this webpage, you will be able to access the Notice, the Proxy Statement, any accompanying materials, and any amendments or supplements to the foregoing material that are required to be furnished to shareholders. We encourage you to access and review all of the important information contained in the proxy materials before voting.
By order of the Board of Trustees,
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-14/0000898432-19-000164/image0.jpg)
Diane Drake
Secretary
[ ], 2019
YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT
NO MATTER HOW MANY SHARES YOU OWN
We urge you to vote your shares. Your prompt vote may save the fund the necessity of further solicitations to ensure a quorum at the Special Meeting. Shareholders may cast their vote by mail, via the internet, and by telephone as set forth below:
Mail: | To vote your proxy by mail, check the appropriate voting box on the reverse side of your proxy card(s), sign and date the card(s) and return it in the enclosed postage-prepaid envelope. If you sign, date and return the proxy card but give no voting instructions, the proxies will vote FOR the proposal. |
Internet: | The web address and instructions for voting online can be found on the enclosed proxy card(s). You will be required to provide your control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card(s). |
Phone: | Automated Touchtone: the toll-free number for automated touchtone telephone voting can be found on the enclosed proxy card(s). You must have the control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card(s). |
Representative: To cast your vote by phone with a proxy voting representative, call the toll-free number found on the enclosed proxy card(s). You will be required to provide your control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card(s).
If you have any questions regarding the proposal, the proxy card or need assistance voting your shares, please contact Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”), the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund’s proxy solicitor, toll-free at (855) 643-7304. If the fund does not receive your voting instructions after our original mailing, you may be contacted by us or by Broadridge, in either case, to remind you to vote.
If you can attend the Special Meeting and wish to vote your shares in person at that time, you will be able to do so. If you hold your shares in “street name” through a broker, bank or other nominee, you should contact your nominee about voting in person at the Special Meeting. If you plan on attending the Special Meeting in person you must notify Scott Betz, the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Palmer Square, at the office of Palmer Square so that provision may be made for you to be cleared by building security for admittance to the meeting.
The information in this combined proxy statement and prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This combined proxy statement and prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT AND PROSPECTUS
For the Reorganization of
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund,
a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
235 W. Galena Street
a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
(888) 988-9801
Into
American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund,
a series of American Beacon Funds
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
(800) 658-5811
a series of American Beacon Funds
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
(800) 658-5811
[ ], 2019
COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT
For
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund,
a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
(888) 988-9801
And
PROSPECTUS
For
American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund,
a series of American Beacon Funds
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
(800) 658-5811
_________________________________________
This Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus (the “Proxy Statement”) is being sent to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”) of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “IMST Trust”) for use at a Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Target Fund”), a series of the IMST Trust, managed by Palmer Square Capital Management LLC (“Palmer Square”) and sub-advised by SSI Investment Management, Inc., to be held at 2:00 p.m. Central Time on April 18, 2019, at the office of Palmer Square, 1900 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 315, Mission Woods, Kansas 66205. At the Special Meeting, shareholders of the Target Fund who are entitled to vote will be asked to approve the following proposal:
To approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Termination approved by Investment Managers Series Trust’s Board of Trustees, which provides for the reorganization of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund, a series of Investment Managers Series Trust, into the American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund, a newly created series of American Beacon Funds.
Those present and the appointed proxies also will transact any other business as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof.
The American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Acquiring Fund”) is a newly created series of American Beacon Funds (the “Acquiring Trust”) that will commence operations upon consummation of the reorganization of the Target Fund into the Acquiring Fund. Each of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund may be referred to individually as a “Fund” and collectively the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund are referred to as the “Funds.” Each of the Acquiring Trust and the IMST Trust may be referred to individually as a “Trust” and collectively the Acquiring Trust and the IMST Trust are referred to as the “Trusts.” The Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund both are diversified open-end management investment companies registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act” or “Investment Company Act”).
This Proxy Statement sets forth concisely the basic information you should know before voting on the proposal. You should read it and keep it for future reference. Additional information relating to the Acquiring Fund and this Proxy Statement is set forth in the Statement of Additional Information to this Proxy Statement dated [ ], 2019, which is incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement. Additional information about the Acquiring Fund has been filed with the SEC and is available upon request and without charge by writing to the Acquiring Fund or by calling (toll-free) 1-800-658-5811. The Target Fund expects that this Proxy Statement will be mailed to shareholders on or about [ ], 2019.
The following documents have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement, which means that these documents are considered legally to be part of this Proxy Statement:
· | Statement of Additional Information to this Proxy Statement, dated [ ], 2019; |
· | Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of Investment Managers Series Trust, with respect to the Target Fund, dated August 1, 2018, as supplemented (File Nos. 333-122901 and 811-21719); and |
· | Annual Report to Shareholders of Investment Managers Series Trust, with respect to the Target Fund, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, and Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders of Investment Managers Series Trust, with respect to the Target Fund, for the period ended September 30, 2018. |
The Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders of the Target Fund containing audited and unaudited financial statements, respectively, have previously been mailed to Target Fund shareholders. Copies of the above documents are available upon request and without charge by writing to the IMST Trust, through the internet at www.palmersquarefunds.com, or by calling (toll-free) (866) 933-9033.
THE SEC HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES NOR HAS IT PASSED ON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROXY STATEMENT. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE. |
The shares offered by this Proxy Statement are not deposits or obligations of any bank, and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company or any other government agency. An investment in the Acquiring Fund involves investment risk, including the possible loss of principal. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED REORGANIZATION | 1 | |
PROPOSAL – TO APPROVE THE AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION APPROVED BY INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST’S BOARD OF TRUSTEES, WHICH PROVIDES FOR THE REORGANIZATION OF THE PALMER SQUARE SSI ALTERNATIVE INCOME FUND, A SERIES OF INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST, INTO THE AMERICAN BEACON SSI ALTERNATIVE INCOME FUND, A NEWLY CREATED SERIES OF AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS. | 3 | |
Considerations Regarding the Reorganization | 3 | |
Comparison of Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, Policies and Management of the Funds | 6 | |
Comparison of Principal Risks | 12 | |
Comparison of the Funds’ Investment Restrictions And Limitations | 25 | |
Comparison of Fees And Expenses | 29 | |
Performance Information | 32 | |
Capitalization | 34 | |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE REORGANIZATION | 34 | |
Agreement and Plan Of Reorganization and Termination | 34 | |
Description of the Acquiring Fund’s Shares | 36 | |
Board Considerations | 36 | |
Federal Income Tax Consequences | 38 | |
Form of Organization and Shareholder Rights | 40 | |
Comparison of Distribution and Purchase, Redemption and Exchange Procedures | 41 | |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACQUIRING FUND | 43 | |
Manager and Sub-Advisor | 43 | |
Other Service Providers | 46 | |
Tax Considerations | 46 | |
VOTING INFORMATION | 46 | |
Record Date, Voting Rights and Vote Required | 46 | |
How to Vote | 47 | |
Proxies | 47 | |
Quorum and Adjournments | 47 | |
Effect of Abstentions and Broker “Non-Votes” | 48 | |
Solicitation of Proxies | 48 | |
OTHER INFORMATION | 48 | |
Other Business | 48 | |
Next Meeting of Shareholders | 48 | |
Legal Matters | 48 | |
Information Filed With the SEC | 48 | |
APPENDIX A FORM OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION | A-1 | |
APPENDIX B OWNERSHIP OF SHARES OF THE TARGET FUND | B-1 | |
APPENDIX C VALUATION, PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND TAX INFORMATION FOR THE ACQUIRING FUND | C-1 | |
APPENDIX D FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TARGET FUND | D-1 |
OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED REORGANIZATION
The following is a summary of certain information relating to the reorganization transaction described herein (the “Reorganization”) and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more complete information contained elsewhere in this Proxy Statement and the attached appendices. For additional information about the Reorganization, you should consult the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Termination (the “Plan”), the form of which is attached hereto as Appendix A.
Palmer Square Capital Management LLC (“Palmer Square”), the investment advisor for the Target Fund, has proposed that the Target Fund reorganize into the Acquiring Fund and that the Target Fund shareholders become shareholders of the Acquiring Fund, pursuant to the terms of the Plan. At a meeting held on December 5-6, 2018, after careful consideration of a number of factors, the Board of the IMST Trust, including all the Trustees who are not “interested persons,” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, of the IMST Trust voted to approve the Reorganization as being in the best interests of the Target Fund and its shareholders. See “Board Considerations” below for further information.
If the shareholders of the Target Fund approve the Plan, the Reorganization will have three primary steps:
· | The Target Fund will transfer all of its assets to the Acquiring Fund (which is being established solely for the purpose of acquiring those assets and continuing the Target Fund’s business) in exchange solely for Acquiring Fund shares and the Acquiring Fund’s assumption of all of the Target Fund’s liabilities (as defined in the Plan); |
· | The Target Fund will distribute the Acquiring Fund shares pro rata on a class-by-class basis to its shareholders in exchange for their shares in the Target Fund and in complete liquidation of the Target Fund; and |
· | The Target Fund will be terminated (which will be treated as a complete liquidation of the Target Fund for federal tax purposes, within the meaning of applicable regulations). |
Approval of the Plan by shareholders of the Target Fund will constitute approval of the transfer of the Target Fund’s assets, the assumption of all of its liabilities, the distribution of the Acquiring Fund’s shares, and liquidation of the Target Fund.
The Target Fund offers Class A and Class I shares. The Acquiring Fund will offer multiple classes of shares, two of which will be designated Investor Class shares and Y Class shares; the other class of the Acquiring Fund’s shares is not involved in the Reorganization. Existing shareholders of the Target Fund will become shareholders of the Acquiring Fund and, immediately after the Reorganization, the shareholders of the Target Fund will hold shares of the Acquiring Fund equal in value to the Target Fund shares that the shareholder held immediately prior to the Reorganization, as set forth below:
Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Class A shares | à | Investor Class shares |
Class I shares | à | Y Class shares |
No sales charges, loads, commissions or other transactional fees will be charged to the Target Fund’s shareholders in connection with the Reorganization.
The IMST Trust expects that the Reorganization will constitute a tax-free “reorganization” within the meaning of section 368(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Therefore, it is not expected that shareholders of the Target Fund will recognize any gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a direct result of the Reorganization. The IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust will receive an opinion from tax counsel to the Acquiring Trust generally confirming such tax treatment.
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Pursuant to a separate Asset Purchase Agreement between Palmer Square and American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the “Manager”), the manager of the Acquiring Fund, for the sale by Palmer Square of certain assets related to the management of the Target Fund, the Manager has agreed to compensate Palmer Square upon the closing of the Reorganization, based on the daily net assets of the Target Fund on the closing date of the Reorganization. This compensation is payable by the Manager and not by the Target Fund or Acquiring Fund.
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PROPOSAL – TO APPROVE THE AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION APPROVED BY INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST’S BOARD OF TRUSTEES, WHICH PROVIDES FOR THE REORGANIZATION OF THE PALMER SQUARE SSI ALTERNATIVE INCOME FUND, A SERIES OF INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST, INTO THE AMERICAN BEACON SSI ALTERNATIVE INCOME FUND, A NEWLY CREATED SERIES OF AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS.
Considerations Regarding the Reorganization
Please note the following information relevant to the Reorganization:
· | The interests of the Target Fund’s shareholders would not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization. |
· | The Reorganization is expected to be a tax-free “reorganization” within the meaning of section 368(a)(1) of the Code. The Manager expects that neither the Target Fund nor its shareholders will recognize any gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a direct result of the Reorganization. |
· | The Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund pursue identical investment objectives, which are to seek income and, secondarily, absolute returns. |
· | Each Fund’s investment objectives are non-fundamental, which means that they may be changed by the respective Trust’s Board of Trustees without the approval of the Fund’s shareholders. The Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund have substantially similar investment strategies, which are presented in the table below, though the Funds disclose the principal investment strategies differently. Although the Acquiring Fund includes additional types of investments in which the Acquiring Fund may invest as part of its principal investment strategies, most of those investments are also part of the non-principal investment strategies of the Target Fund. SSI Investment Management, Inc. (“SSI” or the “Sub-Advisor”), the current sub-advisor to the Target Fund, does not currently expect that these differences will impact the day-to-day management of the Acquiring Fund after the Reorganization. The Acquiring Fund’s investment limitations are similar to those of the Target Fund, except that the Acquiring Fund’s investment limitations are designed to align, where appropriate, to those applicable to other funds in the American Beacon funds complex. See “Comparison of Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, Policies, and Management of the Funds” and “Comparison of Principal Risks” below for further information. |
· | If the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, the management oversight responsibility will shift from Palmer Square, the current investment advisor of the Target Fund, to the Manager, the Acquiring Fund’s manager. The Manager will be responsible for overseeing the management of the Acquiring Fund by the Sub-Advisor. SSI is the current sub-advisor for the Target Fund and, in that capacity, makes day-to-day investment decisions for the Target Fund. SSI will continue to serve as the Sub-Advisor to, and will make day-to-day investment decisions for, the Acquiring Fund. In particular, the portfolio managers at SSI who are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Target Fund will continue to serve in that capacity for the Acquiring Fund. However, the Manager would be responsible for managing the portion of the Acquiring Fund’s assets that the Sub-Advisor determines to be allocated to short-term investments. Currently the Sub-Advisor performs this function with respect to the Target Fund. |
RIM, the parent company of the Manager, expects to acquire a majority interest in the Sub-Advisor in the second calendar quarter of 2019. The Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and the Manager will enter into an investment advisory agreement (the “Initial Agreement”) with the Sub-Advisor that will become effective on the date of the Reorganization. In addition, the Acquiring Trust Board and the sole initial shareholder of the Acquiring Fund will be asked to approve an investment advisory agreement (the “Replacement Agreement”) among the Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, the Manager, and the Sub-Advisor prior to the commencement of the Acquiring Fund’s
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operations. In connection with their proposed approval of the Replacement Agreement, the Acquiring Trust Board and the sole initial shareholder will be informed that: (i) other than planned retirements, the senior management at the Sub-Advisor will remain materially intact after the change in control; (ii) the Replacement Agreement includes the same terms and conditions as the Initial Agreement; (iii) the services provided by the Sub-Advisor to the Acquiring Fund and the fee rate paid by the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will be the same under the Replacement Agreement; and (iv) the individuals who provide portfolio management services to the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will remain the same after the change in control.
In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place prior to the Reorganization, the Initial Agreement will be executed after such acquisition and will remain in effect for an initial period of two years and thereafter from year to year provided that any such continuance is approved by the Acquiring Trust Board, including a majority of the independent trustees. In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place after the Reorganization, the acquisition would result in a change in control of the Sub-Advisor and the assignment and termination of the Initial Agreement. In that event, the Replacement Agreement would become effective upon the closing of the acquisition. The Initial Agreement and the Replacement Agreement may be collectively referred to herein as the “Investment Advisory Agreement.”
See “Comparison of Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, Policies, and Management of the Funds” and “Additional Information about the Acquiring Fund—Manager and Sub-Advisor” below for further information.
· | The boards of trustees of the IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust are different. |
· | The principal underwriter, administrator, transfer agent, custodian and auditor for the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund are different. See “Additional Information about the Acquiring Fund—Manager and Sub-Advisor” below for further information. |
· | As reflected in the tables setting forth information regarding comparative expense ratios under “Comparison of Fees and Expenses” below, it is anticipated that the gross total expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares will be slightly higher than the gross total expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class A shares, and that the gross total expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares will be lower than that of the Target Fund’s Class I shares. A fee waiver and expense reimbursement agreement (a “fee waiver agreement”) is in effect through July 31, 2019 for the Target Fund and a fee waiver agreement will be in effect through October 28, 2021 for the Acquiring Fund, although the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares are expected to operate below their expense limitation cap under the fee waiver agreement. After any applicable fee waivers, the net total annual operating expense ratio of each of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares is expected to be lower than the net total annual operating expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively, at least through October 28, 2021. |
· | Under the Acquiring Fund’s fee waiver agreement, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund through October 28, 2021 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.81% for the Investor Class and 1.56% for the Y Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). Currently, the estimated gross total expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares is below the expense limitation cap, but there is no guarantee that the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares will continue to operate below the expense limitation cap. After the expiration of the current fee waiver agreement, if the Manager does not continue to reduce and/or reimburse expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and/or Y Class shares, the total annual fund operating expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s shares could exceed the limits set forth in the current fee waiver agreement. If this occurs, the expenses borne by |
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shareholders of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and/or Y Class shares will increase. The Manager currently intends to recommend to the Acquiring Trust Board the continuation of the fee waiver agreement for the Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund for the foreseeable future.
The Target Fund’s advisor and sub-advisor have contractually agreed to waive their fees and/or pay for expenses of the Target Fund through July 31, 2019, to the extent that the Target Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses exceed 1.74% of the average daily net assets of the Target Fund’s Class A shares and 1.49% of the Target Fund’s Class I shares (excluding, as applicable, any shareholder servicing plan fees, taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend or interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses as determined in accordance with Form N-1A, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses). Although the contractual expense caps of the Target Fund (of 1.74% and 1.49% of the average daily net assets of Class A and Class I shares, respectively) are lower than the contractual expense caps of the Acquiring Fund (of 1.81% and 1.56% of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class and Y Class shares, respectively), the contractual expense limitation of the Target Fund excludes shareholder service fees, which were 0.09% for the period ended September 30, 2018. After the applicable fee waivers, the net total expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares are expected to be lower than the net total expenses of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively.
· | At the current asset size of the Target Fund, the management fee rate of the Acquiring Fund would be the same as the management fee rate paid by the Target Fund, but as the Acquiring Fund’s assets increase, its management fee rate would decrease due to breakpoints in the Acquiring Fund’s advisory fee schedule. However, the management fee to be paid by the Acquiring Fund includes administrative services, which are a separate expense for the Target Fund. The sub-advisory fee rate of the Target Fund is the same as the sub-advisory fee rate of the Acquiring Fund. The management and sub-advisory fee rates for the Funds are set forth below. |
Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Management Fee | 0.35% of average daily net assets | 0.35% of average daily net assets on the first $5 billion in assets 0.325% of average daily net assets on the next $5 billion in assets 0.30% of average daily net assets on the next $10 billion in assets 0.275% of average daily net assets on assets in excess of $20 billion |
Sub-advisory Fee | 0.95% of average daily net assets on the first $300 million in assets 0.85% of average daily net assets on assets in excess of $300 million | 0.95% of average daily net assets on the first $300 million in assets 0.85% of average daily net assets on assets in excess of $300 million |
The Target Fund assesses a front-end sales charge of 5.75% on its Class A shares, which may be subject to various waivers and reductions as described in the Target Fund’s prospectus, and does not assess a front-end sales charge or exchange fees on its Class I shares. No such fees will be assessed by the Acquiring Fund on the Investor Class or Y Class shares.
The Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares will have no Rule 12b-1 distribution and service fee (“12b-1 fee”), while the Target Fund’s Class A shares pay a 12b-1 fee at an annual rate of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Class A shares. Neither the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares nor the Target
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Fund’s Class I shares have a 12b-1 fee. The Target Fund is authorized to pay a shareholder services fee at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class A and Class I shares for non-distribution administrative and support services. The Acquiring Fund will have a shareholder services plan fee at an annual rate up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. In addition, the Acquiring Fund may reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund.
· | IMST Distributors, LLC (“IMST Distributors”) is the distributor for the shares of the Target Fund and, under a Distribution Agreement with the IMST Trust, acts as the Target Fund’s agent in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Target Fund. IMST Distributors continually distributes shares of the Target Fund on a best efforts basis, and has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of the Target Fund’s shares. Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (“RID” or “Distributor”) will be the distributor and principal underwriter of the Acquiring Fund shares. The Distributor is affiliated with the Manager through common ownership and, under a Distribution Agreement with the Acquiring Trust, acts as the distributor and principal underwriter of the Acquiring Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Acquiring Fund on a best efforts basis and has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of the Acquiring Fund’s shares. The purchase procedures for the Funds are similar, and they permit redemptions through similar means. See “Comparison of Distribution and Purchase, Redemption and Exchange Procedures” below for further information. |
· | The Target Fund has a March 31 fiscal year end, whereas the Acquiring Fund will have a June 30 fiscal year end. |
· | The Target Fund will be the accounting survivor of the Reorganization (i.e., the Acquiring Fund will adopt the prior performance and financial history of the Target Fund). |
· | The Manager and Palmer Square will bear all direct costs relating to the Reorganization, including the costs of preparing the Plan and Proxy Statement and seeking approval from shareholders of the Plan. |
Comparison of Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, Policies and Management of the Funds
The Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund have identical investment objectives. Each Fund’s investment objectives are non-fundamental, which means that they may be changed by the applicable Trust’s Board of Trustees without the approval of the Fund’s shareholders. The Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund have substantially similar investment strategies, which are presented in the table below, though the Funds disclose the principal investment strategies differently. Although the Acquiring Fund includes additional types of investments in which the Acquiring Fund may invest as part of its principal investment strategies, most of those investments are also part of the non-principal investment strategies of the Target Fund.
The Acquiring Fund has been created as a shell series of the Acquiring Trust solely for the purpose of acquiring the Target Fund’s assets, assuming its liabilities, and continuing its business, and will not conduct any investment operations until after the closing of the Reorganization. The Manager and SSI have reviewed the Target Fund’s current portfolio holdings and determined that those holdings are compatible with the Acquiring Fund’s investment objectives and policies. As a result, the Manager and SSI believe that, if the Reorganization is approved, all or substantially all of the Target Fund’s assets will be transferred to and held by the Acquiring Fund.
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Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Investment Objectives | ||
The primary investment objective of the Fund is income. As a secondary investment objective, the Fund seeks absolute returns. The Fund’s investment objectives are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval upon at least 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders. | The Fund’s investment objectives are to seek income, and, secondarily, absolute returns. The Fund’s investment objectives are “non-fundamental,” which means that they may be changed by the Fund’s Board of Trustees (“Board”) without the approval of Fund shareholders. | |
Principal Investment Strategies | ||
The Fund seeks primarily to invest in convertible securities and to establish short positions in the common stock of the issuers of those convertible securities. These short positions are intended to provide the Fund’s holdings of convertible securities with some protection from decreases in the price of the related common stock. The Fund seeks to hedge its long positions in this way on a security-by-security basis. The term “convertible security” refers to a bond or a preferred stock that can be converted into shares of a company’s common stock. The Fund’s strategy in this regard is managed on a day-to-day basis by the Sub-Advisor, subject to overall monitoring by the Advisor. | The Fund seeks primarily to invest in convertible securities and to establish short positions in the common stock of the issuers of the convertible securities. The short positions are intended to reduce the Fund’s exposure to decreases in the price of the related common stock. The Fund seeks to hedge its long positions in this way on a security-by-security basis. The term “convertible security” refers to a bond or a preferred stock (including a trust preferred security) that can be converted into shares of a company’s common stock. The Fund’s strategy in this regard is managed on a day-to-day basis by SSI Investment Management, Inc., the sub-advisor to the Fund. | |
Pursuant to its strategy, the Fund seeks returns that exceed prevailing short-term interest rates (e.g., the return on 90-day U.S. Treasury bills). In pursuing its strategy, the Fund seeks returns from four primary sources: 1) Net dividend income on equity and convertible securities positions; 2) Interest income on convertible securities positions; 3) Interest rebates on short positions; and 4) Net capital gains from trading profits. | Pursuant to its strategy, the Fund seeks returns that exceed prevailing short-term interest rates, such as the return on 90-day U.S. Treasury bills, from four primary sources: 1) net dividend income on equity and convertible securities positions; 2) interest income on convertible securities positions; 3) interest rebates on short positions; and 4) net capital gains from trading profits. | |
In combining long positions in convertible securities with short positions in common stock of the issuers of those securities, the Fund seeks to maintain a “hedged convertible” investment portfolio with returns that the Advisor and Sub-Advisor expect will generally be less volatile than and have low correlation with the broader capital markets, prevailing short-term interest rates, and capital markets indices. In addition, the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor anticipate that this strategy will generally lead to lower correlation between the returns experienced by the Fund’s investment portfolio and the | In combining long positions in convertible securities with short positions in common stock of the issuers of those securities, the Fund seeks to maintain a “hedged convertible” investment portfolio with income and returns which are generally less volatile than and have low correlation with the broader capital markets, short-term interest rates and capital markets indices (absolute returns). |
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Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
performance of those markets, rates, and indices. There can be no assurance that this strategy will reduce the volatility and correlation of the Fund’s investment portfolio in the manner intended. | ||
The Fund will generally invest in convertible securities that are part of an issuance that is at least $40 million in size. The Fund will generally, but not exclusively, seek to invest in the convertible securities of companies with market capitalizations between $500 million and $10 billion. Convertible securities held by the Fund may be issued by U.S. or non-U.S. companies. The Fund may hold investment-grade and below investment-grade (i.e., “junk”) convertible securities. | The Fund generally invests in convertible securities that are part of an issuance of at least $40 million in size and are issued by companies with market capitalizations between $500 million and $10 billion. The convertible securities are typically callable by the issuer and are not limited as to duration or maturity. The issuers may include U.S. or non-U.S. companies, real estate investment trusts (“REITS”), and emerging-market companies. The instruments may be denominated in foreign, or non-U.S., currencies; however, such exposures are typically hedged back to the U.S. dollar. The Fund may hold investment-grade, below investment-grade (i.e., “high yield” or “junk” bonds) and unrated securities that are deemed by the sub-advisor to be of equivalent quality. | |
No corresponding principal investment strategy. | The Fund’s holdings may include variable-rate coupon, zero-coupon and pay-in-kind (“PIK”) instruments and restricted securities, such as those issued under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. To a lesser extent, the Fund may utilize securities issued by business development companies, and the Fund may invest long or short in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) to adjust or hedge exposures. | |
No corresponding principal investment strategy. | The Fund may also invest in long or short positions in derivative instruments, such as futures, forwards, swaps, options and warrants, to hedge exposures in the Fund. Futures contracts generally include those based on U.S. treasuries, forward contracts are generally forward currency contracts (including non-deliverable forwards), swaps generally include interest rate and credit default swaps, options generally include call and put options, and warrants are generally similar to long-dated call options. On a short-term basis, the Fund may invest cash balances in other investment companies, including money market funds that are advised by the Manager. | |
In pursuing the Fund’s investment strategy, the Sub-Advisor seeks to identify convertible securities that it believes are undervalued. The Sub-Advisor generally assesses the income characteristics, liquidity, and “equity sensitivity” (described below) of a convertible security in determining whether it is likely undervalued and, therefore, a candidate for investment by the Fund. The Sub-Advisor actively monitors the convertible securities market for investment opportunities for the | The sub-advisor seeks to identify convertible securities that it believes are undervalued by assessing, among other attributes, the quality, income, liquidity and “equity sensitivity” of the security (i.e., the sensitivity of a convertible security’s price to changes in the price of the issuer’s common stock). The sub-advisor also considers the availability of the common stock that it intends to short. |
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Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Fund. The Sub-Advisor seeks to identify investment opportunities by focusing on a variety of factors, including: relative valuation, premium trends, and prospective new issuances of convertible securities and their structures. In addition, the Sub-Advisor considers market dynamics like liquidity, credit spreads, interest rates, volatility, availability of common stock to borrow for corresponding short sales, and short interest rebate rates. (The term “short interest” refers to the interest earned on the cash generated from a short sale of common stock; the rebate of short interest is the amount returned to the person that established the short position, i.e., the Fund.) | ||
After acquiring a convertible security, the Fund will establish a short position in the common stock of the same issuer. The Sub-Advisor bases the size of each short position on the sensitivity of the related convertible security to changes in the price of the issuer’s common stock. In other words, the Fund will establish short positions based largely on the extent to which the Sub-Advisor believes movements in the price of an issuer’s common stock are likely to affect the price of the issuer’s convertible securities. If a convertible security has a low premium over conversion value but a high premium over investment value, the convertible security will be expected to be very equity sensitive and to have a high correlation to movement in the related common stock. Such a convertible security will generally be relatively insensitive to changes in interest rates. If the convertible security has a low premium over investment value but a high premium over conversion value, however, the convertible security will be expected to exhibit high sensitivity to interest rates and low sensitivity to changes in the price of the underlying common stock. | After acquiring a convertible security, the Fund establishes a short position in the common stock, American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”), call option or other equity-related instrument of the same issuer. The size of each short position is based on the sensitivity of the convertible security’s price to changes in the price of the issuer’s common stock. | |
The Advisor and the Sub-Advisor believe that convertible securities typically exhibit less equity sensitivity than the common stock of an issuer. Accordingly, the Fund’s short positions will generally be smaller on a dollar value basis than its long positions in convertible securities. | As a result, the Fund’s short positions will generally be smaller on a dollar value basis than its long positions since a convertible security’s price is typically less sensitive than that of the common stock. | |
The Sub-Advisor considers selling a convertible security and closing the related short position in common stock (i.e., a hedged convertible position), among other reasons, when it believes the convertible security has ceased to be undervalued relative to the Sub-Advisor’s expectations, when it identifies a potentially unfavorable change in the structure of a convertible security or the underlying company, when it determines that convertible | The sub-advisor considers selling a convertible security and closing the related short position when it determines the convertible security is no longer undervalued, when it determines that convertible securities overall are no longer undervalued, when it anticipates a potentially unfavorable change in the structure of a convertible security or the underlying company or to satisfy |
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Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
securities, as an asset class, are likely to diverge from the Sub-Advisor’s expectations regarding their value or when the Fund requires cash to meet redemption requests. | shareholder redemptions, among other reasons. | |
The Advisor and the Sub-Advisor expect that the number of convertible securities and short positions in the Fund’s portfolio will change over time, depending upon the Sub-Advisor’s assessment of market conditions and other factors. However, the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor anticipate that the Fund typically will have at least 50 long positions in convertible securities and therefore at least 50 corresponding short positions in the related common stock. | No corresponding principal investment strategy. | |
Cash Management Investments | ||
See “Temporary Defensive Strategy” below. | The Fund may invest cash balances in money market funds that are registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“Investment Company Act”), including money market funds that are advised by the Manager or the sub-advisor. If the Fund invests in money market funds, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including, for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which the Fund invests, such as advisory fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. Shareholders also would be exposed to the risks associated with money market funds and the portfolio investments of such money market funds, including the risk that a money market fund’s yield could be lower than the return that the Fund would have derived from other investments that provide liquidity. | |
Temporary Defensive Strategy | ||
If the Sub-Advisor determines that convertible securities should be disfavored as an asset class for the Fund, it may determine to invest up to 100% of the Fund’s total assets in temporary defensive positions as described below. For temporary defensive purposes, the Sub-Advisor may invest up to 100% of the Fund’s total assets in investment grade corporate debt securities, high-quality, short-term debt securities and money market instruments. Short-term debt securities and money | The Fund may depart from its principal investment strategy by taking temporary defensive positions in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During these times, the Fund may not achieve its investment objectives. |
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Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
market instruments include cash, shares of other mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements. Furthermore, to the extent that the Fund invests in money market mutual funds for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund will bear its pro rata portion of such money market funds’ management fees and operational expenses. The Fund may also hold investment grade corporate debt securities, short-term debt securities and money market instruments to retain flexibility in meeting redemptions and paying expenses. Although the Fund would do this for temporary defensive purposes, it could reduce any benefit from any upswing in the general market. Taking a temporary defensive position may result in the Fund not achieving its investment objectives. | ||
Investment Advisor | ||
Palmer Square Capital Management LLC | American Beacon Advisors, Inc. | |
Investment Sub-Advisor | ||
SSI Investment Management, Inc. | Same. | |
Portfolio Managers The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. | ||
George M. Douglas. Mr. Douglas has been a Portfolio Manager for the Target Fund since its inception on May 25, 2012. Mr. Douglas has been a Principal and the Chief Investment Officer of the Sub-Advisor since 1994 and oversees the Sub-Advisor’s qualitative and quantitative research processes. Mr. Douglas has 42 years of experience in quantitative equity research and portfolio management. Prior to joining the Sub-Advisor, Mr. Douglas was Director of Quantitative Equity Investments and Portfolio Manager for CS First Boston Asset Management from 1992 to 1994. From 1990 to 1992, Mr. Douglas was Chief Investment Officer for Structured Asset Management, and from 1990 to 1990, Mr. Douglas was Senior Vice President and Director of Research for Drexel Burnham Lambert. Mr. Douglas received an M.B.A., Finance in 1978, an M.S., Statistics in 1977 and a B.S., Mathematics in 1976 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Alexander W. Volz. Mr. Volz has been a Portfolio Manager for the Target Fund since its inception on May | Same. |
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Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
25, 2012. Mr. Volz has been a Portfolio Manager and Convertible Trader of the Sub-Advisor since 2006 and was a Vice President and Convertible Trader for the Sub-Advisor from 2002 to 2006. Mr. Volz has 23 years of experience in portfolio management and/or convertible securities trading. Prior to joining the Sub-Advisor, Mr. Volz was a Convertible Trader for Southern Trading Partners and Wachovia Securities from 1997 to 2002. Mr. Volz received a B.A., Economics from Vanderbilt University in 1996. Dagney M. Hollander. Ms. Hollander has been a Portfolio Manager for the Target Fund since August 1, 2013. Ms. Hollander has been a Portfolio Manager of the Hedged Convertible Opportunity Strategy for the Sub-Advisor since 2012 and a Portfolio Manager of the Convertible Income Strategy for the Sub-Advisor since 2013. Ms. Hollander has 18 years of experience in portfolio management industry. Ms. Hollander has been a Senior Research Analyst since 2007, and was a Research Analyst from 2006 to 2007 for the Sub-Advisor. From 2002 to 2006, Ms. Hollander was a Convertible Trading Assistant for the Sub-Advisor. Ms. Hollander graduated with a BS in Finance, summa cum laude, from California State University, Northridge in 2001. |
Comparison of Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Funds will achieve their respective investment objectives and you could lose part or all of your investment in a Fund. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Funds.
Although the Funds describe and organize them differently, the principal risks associated with investments in the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund are generally similar because the Funds have identical investment objectives and substantially similar principal investment strategies. Because the Acquiring Fund includes additional investments in which the Acquiring Fund may invest as part of its principal investment strategies, the Acquiring Fund includes risks associated with those additional investments, although most of those investments are also part of the non-principal investment strategies of the Target Fund. The additional risks included in the Acquiring Fund prospectus include Allocation Risk, Callable Securities Risk, Counterparty Risk, Cybersecurity and Operational Risk, Derivatives Risk, Emerging Markets Risk, Hedging Risk, Issuer Risk, Large Capitalization Companies Risk, Market Timing Risk, Other Investment Companies Risk, Pay-In-Kind Securities Risk, Real Estate Investment Trusts Risk, Redemption Risk, Restricted Securities Risk, Securities Selection Risk, Segregated Assets Risk, Trust Preferred Securities Risk, Unrated Securities Risk, Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk, and Zero Coupon Securities Risk. Like the Target Fund, the Acquiring Fund is subject to Management and Strategy Risk, but discusses these risks in Investment Risk. The principal risks of investing in the Acquiring Fund are set forth below.
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Allocation Risk. This is the risk that the sub-advisor’s judgments about, and allocations among, asset classes and market exposures may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. This risk can be increased by the use of derivatives to increase allocations to various market exposures because derivatives can create investment leverage, which will magnify the impact to the Fund of its investment in any underperforming market exposure.
Callable Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities with call features. A call feature allows the issuer of the security to redeem or call the security prior to its stated maturity date. In periods of falling interest rates, issuers may be more likely to call in securities that are paying higher coupon rates than prevailing interest rates. In the event of a call, the Fund would lose the income that would have been earned to maturity on that security, and the proceeds received by the Fund may be invested in securities paying lower coupon rates. Thus, the Fund’s income could be reduced as a result of a call. In addition, the market value of a callable security may decrease if it is perceived by the market as likely to be called, which could have a negative impact on the Fund’s total return.
Convertible Securities Risk. The value of a convertible security typically increases or decreases with the price of the underlying common stock. In general, a convertible security is subject to the risks of stocks, and its price may be as volatile as that of the underlying stock, when the underlying stock’s price is high relative to the conversion price and a convertible security is subject to the risks of debt securities, and is particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, when the underlying stock’s price is low relative to the conversion price. Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Securities that are convertible other than at the option of the holder generally do not limit the potential for loss to the same extent as securities that are convertible at the option of the holder. Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment in lower-rated debt securities. The credit rating of a company’s convertible securities is generally lower than that of its non-convertible debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered “junior” securities — that is, the company usually must pay interest on its non-convertible debt securities before it can make payments on its convertible securities. If the issuer stops paying interest or principal, convertible securities may become worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment. In addition, because companies that issue convertible securities may be small- or mid-cap companies, to the extent the Fund invests in convertible securities issued by small- or mid-cap companies, it will be subject to the risks of investing in such companies.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that a party or participant to a transaction, such as a broker or derivative counterparty, will be unwilling or unable to satisfy its obligation to make timely principal, interest or settlement payments or to otherwise honor its obligations to the Fund. As a result, the Fund may obtain no recovery of its investment or may only obtain a limited recovery, and any recovery may be delayed. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty.
Credit Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuer or guarantor of an obligation, or the counterparty to a transaction, including a derivatives contract or a loan, will fail to make timely payment of interest or principal or otherwise honor its obligations or default completely. The strategies utilized by the sub-advisor require accurate and detailed credit analysis of issuers and there can be no assurance that its analysis will be accurate or complete. The Fund may be subject to substantial losses in the event of credit deterioration or bankruptcy of one or more issuers in its portfolio. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer are the primary factors influencing credit risk. In addition, inadequacy of collateral or credit enhancement for a debt instrument may affect its credit risk. Credit risk may change over the life of an instrument and debt obligations which are rated by rating agencies may be subject to downgrade. The credit ratings of debt instruments and investments represent the rating agencies’ opinions regarding their credit quality and are not a guarantee of future credit performance of such securities. Rating agencies attempt to evaluate the safety of the timely payment of principal and interest (or dividends) and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value. The ratings assigned to securities by rating agencies do not purport to fully reflect the true risks of an investment. Further, in recent years many highly-rated structured securities have been subject to substantial losses as the economic assumptions on which their ratings were based proved to be materially inaccurate. A decline in the credit rating of an individual security held by the Fund may have an adverse impact on its price and make it difficult for the Fund to sell it. Ratings represent a rating agency’s opinion regarding the quality of the security and are not a guarantee of quality. Rating agencies might not always change their credit rating on an
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issuer or security in a timely manner to reflect events that could affect the issuer’s ability to make timely payments on its obligations. Credit risk is typically greater for securities with ratings that are below investment grade (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”). Since the Fund can invest significantly in high yield investments considered speculative in nature, this risk will be substantial.
Currency Risk. The Fund may have exposure to foreign currencies by investing in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies or in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency exchange contracts in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency futures contracts, options on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures and swaps for cross-currency investments. Foreign currencies may decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, the U.S. dollar may decline in value relative to the currency being hedged, and thereby affect the Fund’s investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. As a result, the Fund’s investments in foreign currency denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund. Currency futures, forwards, options or swaps may not always work as intended, and in specific cases, the Fund may be worse off than if it had not used such instrument(s). There may not always be suitable hedging instruments available. Even where suitable hedging instruments are available, the Fund may choose to not hedge its currency risks.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk. The Fund, its service providers, and third-party fund distribution platforms, and shareholders’ ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity incidents. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data, or proprietary information, or cause the Fund or its service providers, as well as the securities trading venues and their service providers, to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. A cybersecurity incident could, among other things, result in the loss or theft of customer data or funds, customers or employees being unable to access electronic systems (“denial of services”), loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value (“NAV”), impediments to trading, physical damage to a computer or network system, or remediation costs associated with system repairs.
The occurrence of any of these problems could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage and other consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund or its shareholders. The Manager, through its monitoring and oversight of Fund service providers, endeavors to determine that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to such problems. While the Manager has established business continuity plans and risk management systems seeking to address these problems, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, and it is not possible for the Manager, Fund service providers, or third-party fund distribution platforms to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Most issuers in which the Fund invests are heavily dependent on computers for data storage and operations, and require ready access to the internet to conduct their business. Thus, cybersecurity incidents could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that have a value which depends upon, or is derived from, a reference asset, such as one or more underlying securities, pools of securities, options, futures, indexes or currencies. The Fund may use derivatives to enhance total return of its portfolio, to hedge against fluctuations in interest rates or currency exchange rates, to manage certain investment risks or as a substitute for the purchase or sale of the underlying currencies or securities. The Fund may also hold derivative instruments to obtain economic exposure to an issuer without directly holding its securities.
Derivatives can be highly complex and their use within a management strategy can require specialized skills. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. If the sub-advisor incorrectly forecasts stock market values, or the direction of interest rates or currency exchange rates in utilizing a specific derivatives strategy for the Fund, the Fund could lose money. In addition, leverage embedded in a derivative instrument can expose the
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Fund to greater risk and increase its costs. Gains or losses in the value of a derivative instrument may be magnified and be much greater than the derivative’s original cost (generally the initial margin deposit).
Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the Fund’s initial investment, for example, where the Fund may be called upon to deliver a security it does not own. Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. The Fund may not be able to close out or sell a derivative position at a particular time or at an anticipated price. The Fund may buy or sell derivatives not traded on organized exchanges. The Fund may also enter into transactions that are not cleared through clearing organizations. These transactions may be subject to heightened liquidity and valuation risk. Derivative investments can increase portfolio turnover and transaction costs. Derivatives also are subject to counterparty risk. As a result the Fund may obtain no recovery of its investment or may only obtain a limited recovery, and any recovery may be delayed. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Certain derivatives, including swaps, futures, forwards and written options, require the Fund to post margin to secure its future obligation; if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell investments from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The Fund’s use of derivatives also may create financial leverage, which may result in losses that exceed the amount originally invested and accelerate the rate of losses. Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will use derivatives to reduce exposure to other risks when that might have been beneficial.
Although the Fund may attempt to hedge against certain risks, the hedging instruments may not perform as expected and could produce losses. Hedging instruments may also reduce or eliminate gains that may otherwise have been available had the Fund not used the hedging instruments. The Fund may not hedge certain risks in particular situations, even if suitable instruments are available.
Ongoing changes to the regulation of the derivatives markets and potential changes in the regulation of funds using derivative instruments could limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategies. The extent and impact of the regulation are not yet fully known and may not be for some time. New regulation may make derivatives more costly, may limit their availability, may disrupt markets, or may otherwise adversely affect their value or performance. In addition to other changes, these rules provide for central clearing of derivatives that in the past were traded exclusively over-the-counter and may increase costs and margin requirements, but are expected to reduce certain counterparty risks.
Because the markets for certain derivative instruments (including markets located in foreign countries) are relatively new and still developing, suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Upon the expiration of a particular contract, the sub-advisor may wish to retain the Fund’s position in the derivative instrument by entering into a similar contract, but may be unable to do so if the counterparty to the original contract is unwilling to enter into the new contract and no other suitable counterparty can be found. The Fund’s ability to use derivatives may also be limited by certain regulatory and tax considerations. For example, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the designated contract markets have established position limits for futures and option contracts that may restrict the ability of the Fund, or the Manager or sub-advisor entering trades on the Fund’s behalf, to make certain trading decisions.
Certain of the other risks to which the Fund might be exposed due to its use of derivatives include the following:
· | Futures and Forward Contracts Risk. Futures and forward contracts, including non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”), are derivative instruments pursuant to a contract where the parties agree to a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or other underlying assets at an agreed date or to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes. There are no limitations on daily price movements of forward contracts. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. Not all forward contracts, including NDFs, require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. There may not be a |
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liquid secondary market for the futures contracts. Forward currency transactions, including NDFs, include the risks associated with fluctuations in currency. Interest rate and Treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to price fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates. The Fund could suffer a loss if interest rates rise after the Fund has purchased an interest rate futures contract or fall after the Fund has sold an interest rate futures contract. Similarly, Treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to potential losses if interest rates do not move as expected. Equity index futures contracts expose the Fund to volatility in an underlying securities index.
· | Options Risk. The movements experienced by the Fund between the prices of options and prices of the assets (or indices) underlying such options, may differ from expectations, and may cause the Fund to not achieve its objectives. The seller (writer) of a call option that is covered (i.e., the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying assets above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying assets above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase by such writer except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put option that is covered (i.e., the writer has a short position in the underlying assets) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying assets above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying assets plus the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying assets below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying assets below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option. In the event that an option on futures is exercised, the parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as payment of variation margin deposits. In addition, the writer of an option, unlike the holder, generally is subject to initial and variation margin requirements on the option position. |
· | Swap Agreement Risk. Swaps can involve greater risks than a direct investment in an underlying asset, because swaps typically include a certain amount of embedded leverage and as such are subject to leveraging risk. If swaps are used as a hedging strategy, the Fund is subject to the risk that the hedging strategy may not eliminate the risk that it is intended to offset, due to, among other reasons, a lack of correlation between the swaps and the portfolio of assets that the swaps are designed to hedge or replace. Swaps also may be difficult to value. Interest rate swaps and credit default swaps are subject to counterparty risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. In addition to these risks, interest rate swaps are subject to interest rate risk. With respect to a credit default swap, if the Fund is selling credit protection, there is a risk that a credit event will occur and that the Fund will have to pay the counterparty. There is also the risk that the transaction may be closed-out at a time when the credit quality of the underlying investment has deteriorated, in which case the Fund may need to make an early termination payment. If the Fund is buying credit protection, there is the risk that no credit event will occur and the Fund will receive no benefit (other than any hedging benefit) for the premium paid. There is also the risk that the transaction may be closed-out at a time when the credit quality of the underlying investment has improved, in which case the Fund may need to make an early termination payment. Equity swaps are subject to equity investments risk, liquidity risk and counterparty risk. |
· | Warrants Risk. Warrants are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase a specified amount of securities at a specified price. Warrants may be more speculative than certain other types of investments because warrants do not carry with them dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, the value |
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of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. Detached warrants may be traded on a stock exchange; however, non-detached warrants can only be exercised by the bondholder.
Equity Investments Risk. Equity securities are subject to investment risk and market risk. The Fund’s investments in U.S. and foreign equity securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks, REITs, depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks.
· | Common Stocks. The value of a company’s common stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or decreased demand for the company’s products or services. A stock’s value may also decline because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or sector. The price of a company’s stock may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company, such as changes in interest rates, exchange rates or industry regulation. Companies that pay dividends on their common stock generally only do so after they invest in their own business and make required payments to bondholders and on other debt and preferred stock. Therefore, the value of a company’s common stock will usually be more volatile than its bonds, other debt and preferred stock. |
· | Convertible Securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by both the yield of non-convertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The investment value of a convertible is based on its yield and tends to decline as interest rates increase. The conversion value of a convertible is the market value that would be received if the convertible were converted to its underlying common stock. The conversion value will decrease as the price of the underlying common stock decreases. When conversion value is substantially below investment value, the convertible’s price tends to be influenced more by its yield, so changes in the price of the underlying common stock may not have as much of an impact. Conversely, the convertible’s price tends to be influenced more by the price of the underlying common stock when conversion value is comparable to or exceeds investment value. The value of a synthetic convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations than a convertible security, because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Convertible securities may be subject to market risk, credit risk and interest rate risk. |
· | Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in securities issued by foreign companies through ADRs and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. These securities are generally subject to many of the same risks of investing in the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement. |
· | Preferred Stocks. If interest rates rise, the dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stocks may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions for their call or redemption prior to maturity which can have a negative effect on their prices when interest rates decline. Issuers may threaten preferred stockholders with the cancellation of all dividends and liquidation preference rights in an attempt to force their conversion to less secure common stock. Certain preferred stocks are equity securities because they do not constitute a liability of the issuer and therefore do not offer the same degree of protection of capital or continuation of income as debt securities. The rights of preferred stock on distribution of a corporation’s assets in the event of its liquidation are generally subordinated to the rights associated with a corporation’s debt securities. Therefore, in the event of |
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an issuer’s bankruptcy, there is substantial risk that there will be nothing left to pay preferred stockholders after payments, if any, to bondholders have been made. Preferred stocks may also be subject to credit risk.
· | REITs. REITs or other real estate-related securities are subject to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, including declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, overbuilding, changes in interest rates, and liabilities resulting from environmental problems. Generally, REITs can be classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or hybrid REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive their income primarily from rents and net capital gains from appreciation realized through property sales. Equity REITs are further categorized according to the types of real estate they own, e.g., apartment properties, retail shopping centers, office and industrial properties, hotels, health-care facilities, manufactured housing and mixed-property types. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs. All REITs are dependent on management skills, are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation and generally are not diversified. Equity REITs are affected by the changes in the value of the properties owned by the trust. Mortgage REITs are affected by the quality of the credit extended. Equity, mortgage and hybrid REITs may not be diversified with regard to the types of tenants, may not be diversified with regard to the geographic locations of the properties, and are subject to cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers, and any REIT could fail to qualify for favorable tax treatment generally available to REITs under the Code, or to maintain its exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to indirectly paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise. |
Foreign Investing & Emerging Markets Risk. Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with domestic investments. Such risks include, but are not limited to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity and greater volatility of foreign investments, (4) lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) less government regulation and supervision of foreign banks, stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, (6) increased price volatility, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign markets. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of a single country or region, it is more likely to be affected by events or conditions of that country or region. In addition, the economies and political environments of emerging market countries tend to be more unstable than those of developed countries, resulting in more volatile rates of return than the developed markets and substantially greater risk to investors. There may be very limited oversight of certain foreign banks or securities depositories that hold foreign securities and currency and the laws of certain countries may limit the ability to recover such assets if a foreign bank or depository or their agents goes bankrupt. When investing in emerging markets, the risks of investing in foreign securities are heightened. Emerging markets have unique risks that are greater than or in addition to investing in developed markets because emerging markets are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the U.S. and other developed markets. There are also risks of: greater political uncertainties; an economy’s dependence on revenues from particular commodities or on international aid or development assistance; currency transfer restrictions; a limited number of potential buyers for such securities, resulting in increased volatility and limited liquidity for emerging market securities; trading suspensions; and delays and disruptions in securities settlement procedures. In addition, there may be less information available to make investment decisions and more volatile rates of return.
Hedging Risk. The Fund intends to enter into hedging transactions with the intention of reducing or controlling risk. It is possible that hedging strategies will not be effective in controlling risk, due to unexpected non-correlation (or even positive correlation) between the hedging instrument and the position being hedged, increasing rather than reducing both risk and losses. To the extent that the Fund enters into hedging transactions, its hedges will not be static but rather will need to be continually adjusted based on the sub-advisor’s assessment of market
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conditions, as well as the expected degree of non-correlation between the hedges and the portfolio being hedged. The success of the Fund’s hedging strategies will depend on the sub-advisor’s ability to implement such strategies efficiently and cost-effectively, as well as on the accuracy of its judgments concerning the hedging positions to be acquired by the Fund. The Fund will not, in general, attempt to hedge all market or other risks inherent in the Fund’s investments, and will hedge certain risks only partially, if at all. Certain risks, either in respect of particular investments or in respect of the Fund’s overall portfolio, may not be hedged, particularly if doing so is economically unattractive. As a result, various directional market risks may remain unhedged. Gains or losses from positions in hedging instruments may be much greater than the instrument’s original cost. The use of hedges may fail to mitigate risks, and may reduce the Fund’s return, or create a loss.
High Yield Securities Risk. Investing in high yield securities (commonly referred to as ‘‘junk bonds’’) generally involves significantly greater risks of loss of your money than an investment in investment-grade securities. Compared with issuers of investment grade securities, issuers of high yield securities are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and to be materially affected by these difficulties. High yield debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price when the economy is weak or expected to become weak. High yield securities are considered to be speculative with respect to an issuer’s ability to pay interest and principal and carry a greater risk that issuers of lower-rated securities will default on the timely payment of principal or interest. Below-investment grade securities may experience greater price volatility and less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Lower-rated securities are subject to certain risks that may not be present with investments in higher-grade securities. Investors should consider carefully their ability to assume the risks associated with lower-rated securities before investing in the Fund. The lower rating of certain high yielding corporate income securities reflects a greater possibility that the financial condition of the issuer or adverse changes in general economic conditions may impair the ability of the issuer to pay income and principal. Changes by credit rating agencies in their ratings of a fixed income security also may affect the value of these investments. However, allocating investments among securities of different issuers could reduce the risks of owning any such securities separately. The prices of these high yield securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment-grade investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. During economic downturns or periods of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that adversely affects their ability to service principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals or to obtain additional financing, and the markets for their securities may be more volatile. If an issuer defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Additionally, accruals of interest income for the Fund may have to be adjusted in the event of default. In the event of an issuer’s default, the Fund may write off prior income accruals for that issuer, resulting in a reduction in the Fund’s current dividend payment. Frequently, the higher yields of high-yielding securities may not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities may expect, but rather the risk that such securities may lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of their issuer’s financial restructuring or default. Additionally, an economic downturn or an increase in interest rates could have a negative effect on the high-yield securities market and on the market value of the high-yield securities held by the Fund, as well as on the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and interest on their borrowings.
Interest Rate Risk. Investments in investment-grade and non-investment grade fixed-income securities or derivatives that are influenced by interest rates are subject to interest rate risk. The value of the Fund’s fixed-income investments typically will fall when interest rates rise. The Fund may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates if it invests in debt securities with intermediate and long terms to maturity. Debt securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. For example, if a bond has a duration of four years, a 1% increase in interest rates could be expected to result in a 4% decrease in the value of the bond. Yields of debt securities will fluctuate over time. Following the financial crisis that started in 2008, the Federal Reserve has attempted to stabilize the economy and support the economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate (the interest rate at which depository institutions lend reserve balances to each other overnight) at or near zero percent. The Federal Reserve has raised the federal funds rate several times since December 2015 and has signaled additional increases in the near future. Interest rates may rise significantly and/or rapidly, potentially resulting in substantial losses to the Fund. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Fund may be unable to maintain positive returns. Certain European countries and Japan have recently experienced negative interest rates on deposits and debt securities have traded at
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negative yields. Negative interest rates may become more prevalent among non-U.S. issuers, and potentially within the United States. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from Fund performance to the extent the Fund is exposed to such interest rates.
Investment Risk. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. The share price of the Fund fluctuates, which means that when you sell your
shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk. The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets. When the issuer of a security implements strategic initiatives, including mergers, acquisitions and dispositions, there is the risk that the market response to such initiatives will cause the share price of the issuer’s securities to fall.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk. The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Large market capitalization companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Leverage Risk. Financial leverage magnifies the exposure to the movement in prices of an asset or class of assets underlying a derivative instrument and results in increased volatility, which means that the Fund will have the potential for greater losses than if the Fund does not use the derivative instruments that have a leveraging effect. Leverage tends to magnify, sometimes significantly, the effect of any increase or decrease in the Fund’s exposure to an asset or class of assets and may cause the Fund’s NAV per share to be volatile.
The Fund may experience leveraging risk in connection with investments in derivatives because its investments in derivatives may be purchased with a fraction of the assets that would be needed to purchase the securities directly, so that the remainder of the assets may be invested in other investments. Such investments may have the effect of leveraging the Fund because the Fund may experience gains or losses not only on its investments in derivatives, but also on the investments purchased with the remainder of the assets. If the value of the Fund’s investments in derivatives is increasing, this could be offset by declining values of the Fund’s other investments. Conversely, it is possible that the rise in the value of the Fund’s non-derivative investments could be offset by a decline in the value of the Fund’s investments in derivatives. In either scenario, the Fund may experience losses. In a market where the value of the Fund’s investments in derivatives is declining and the value of its other investments is declining, the Fund may experience substantial losses. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet any required asset segregation requirements. In addition, the costs that the Fund pays to engage in these practices are additional costs borne by the Fund and could reduce or eliminate any net investment profits.
Liquidity Risk. When there is little or no active trading market for specific types of securities, it can become more difficult to purchase or sell the securities at or near their perceived value. During such periods, certain investments held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or other investments may be difficult to purchase at favorable times or prices. As a result, the Fund may have to lower the price on certain securities that it is trying to sell, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on Fund management or performance. Redemptions by a few large investors in the Fund at such times may have a significant adverse effect on the Fund’s NAV per share and remaining Fund shareholders. In addition, the market-making capacity of dealers in certain types of securities has been reduced in recent years, in part as a result of structural and regulatory changes, such as fewer proprietary trading desks and increased regulatory capital requirements for broker-dealers. Further, many broker-dealers have reduced their inventory of certain debt securities. This could negatively affect the Fund’s ability to buy or sell debt securities and increase the related volatility and trading costs.
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The Fund may lose money if it is forced to sell certain investments at unfavorable prices to meet redemption requests or other cash needs.
Market Risk. Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects. Conditions in the U.S. and many foreign economies have resulted, and may continue to result, in certain instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing on attractive terms, if at all. In some cases, traditional market participants have been less willing to make a market in some types of debt instruments, which has affected the liquidity of those instruments. During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and the yields to decline. Reduced liquidity in fixed income and credit markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. A rise in protectionist trade policies, and the possibility of changes to some international trade agreements, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.
In response to the financial crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. In some countries where economic conditions are recovering, they are nevertheless perceived as still fragile. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations, including changes in tax laws. The impact of new financial regulation legislation on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully known for some time. Regulatory changes are causing some financial services companies to exit long-standing lines of business, resulting in dislocations for other market participants. In addition, political and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad, such as the U.S. government’s inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, the threat of a federal government shutdown and threats not to increase the federal government’s debt limit, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. The U.S. government has recently reduced the federal corporate income tax rates, and future legislative, regulatory and policy changes may result in more restrictions on international trade, less stringent prudential regulation of certain players in the financial markets, and significant new investments in infrastructure and national defense. Markets may react strongly to expectations about the changes in these policies, which could increase volatility, especially if the market’s expectations for changes in government policies are not borne out.
Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact of a significant rate increase on various markets. For example, because investors may buy securities or other investments with borrowed money, a significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the markets for those investments. Regulators have expressed concern that rate increases may cause investors to sell fixed income securities faster than the market can absorb them, contributing to price volatility. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a country’s economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse. The precise details and the resulting impact of the United Kingdom’s vote to leave the European Union (the “EU”), commonly referred to as “Brexit,” are not yet known. The effect on the United Kingdom’s economy will likely depend on the nature of trade relations with the EU and other major economies following its exit, which are matters to be negotiated. The outcomes may cause increased volatility and have a significant adverse impact on world financial markets, other international trade agreements, and the United Kingdom and European economies, as well as the broader global economy for some time, which could significantly adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments in the United Kingdom and Europe.
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Market Timing Risk. Because the Fund invests in foreign securities, it is particularly subject to the risk of market timing activities. Frequent trading by Fund shareholders poses risks to other shareholders in the Fund, including (i) the dilution of the Fund’s NAV, (ii) an increase in the Fund’s expenses, and (iii) interference with the portfolio manager’s ability to execute efficient investment strategies. Because of types of specific securities in which the Fund may invest, it could be subject to the risk of market timing activities by shareholders. Some examples of these types of securities are high yield and foreign securities. The limited trading activity of some high yield securities may result in market prices that do not reflect the true market value of these securities. The Fund generally prices foreign securities using their closing prices from the foreign markets in which they trade, typically prior to the Fund’s calculation of its NAV. These prices may be affected by events that occur after the close of a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares. In such instances, the Fund may fair value high yield and foreign securities. However, some investors may engage in frequent short-term trading in the Fund to take advantage of any price differentials that may be reflected in the NAV of the Fund’s shares. While the Manager monitors trading in the Fund, there is no guarantee that it can detect all market timing activities.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk. Investments in mid-capitalization companies generally involve greater risks and the possibility of greater price volatility than investments in larger, more established companies. Mid-capitalization companies often have narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, performance can be more volatile, and such companies may face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks. Additionally, mid-capitalization companies may have less market liquidity than large capitalization companies, and they can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Other Investment Companies Risk. The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and business development companies. To the extent that the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear the fees and expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, charged by those investment companies in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated with investments in those companies. The Fund must rely on the investment company in which it invests to achieve its investment objective. If the investment company fails to achieve its investment objective, the value of the Fund’s investment may decline, adversely affecting the Fund’s performance. Money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk. ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of an ETF’s shares may trade at a discount or premium to its NAV; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; or (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the listing exchange’s officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are delisted from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally. An ETF that tracks an index may not precisely replicate the returns of its benchmark index. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies that invest in equity securities, fixed income securities and/or foreign securities, or that track an index, the Fund is subject to the risks associated with the underlying investments held by the investment company or the index fluctuations to which the investment company is subject.
Pay-In-Kind Securities Risk. Pay-in-kind securities are debt securities that do not make regular cash interest payments. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest through the issuance of additional securities. Because these securities do not pay current cash income, their price can be volatile when interest rates fluctuate. Federal income tax law requires a holder of pay-in-kind securities to include in gross income each taxable year the portion of the non-cash income on those securities (i.e., the additional securities issued as interest thereon) accrued during that year. In order to continue to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under the Code, and avoid federal excise tax, the Fund may be required to distribute a portion of such non-cash income and may be required to dispose of other portfolio securities (which may occur in periods of adverse market prices) in order to generate cash to meet these distribution requirements.
Real Estate Investment Trusts Risk. REITs or other real estate-related securities are subject to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, including declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, overbuilding, changes in interest rates, and liabilities resulting from environmental problems. Generally, REITs
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can be classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or hybrid REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive their income primarily from rents and net capital gains from appreciation realized through property sales. Equity REITs are further categorized according to the types of real estate they own, e.g., apartment properties, retail shopping centers, office and industrial properties, hotels, health-care facilities, manufactured housing and mixed-property types. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs. All REITs are dependent on management skills, are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation and generally are not diversified. Equity REITs are affected by the changes in the value of the properties owned by the trust. Mortgage REITs are affected by the quality of the credit extended. Both equity and mortgage REITs may not be diversified with regard to the types of tenants, may not be diversified with regard to the geographic locations of the properties, and are subject to cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers, and any REITs could fail to qualify for favorable tax treatment generally available to REITs under the Code, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund’s investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs’ operating expenses, in addition to indirectly paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Redemption Risk. The Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the Fund to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value. Redemption risk is greater to the extent that one or more investors or intermediaries control a large percentage of investments in the Fund, have short investment horizons, or have unpredictable cash flow needs. A general rise in interest rates has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from mutual funds that hold large amounts of fixed income securities. This, coupled with a reduction in the ability or willingness of dealers and other institutional investors to buy or hold fixed income securities, may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets, and heightened redemption risk. Heavy redemptions, whether by a few large investors or many smaller investors, could hurt the Fund’s performance. This risk is heightened if the Fund invests in emerging market securities, which are generally less liquid than the securities of U.S. and other developed markets. The sale of assets to meet redemption requests may create net capital gains or losses, which could cause the Fund to have to distribute substantial capital gains.
Restricted Securities Risk. Section 4(a)(2) securities and Rule 144A securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. They may be more difficult to purchase or sell at an advantageous time or price because such securities may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. The Fund may not be able to sell a Section 4(a)(2) security or a Rule 144A security when the sub-advisor considers it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price than the Fund believes is its fair market value. Although there is a substantial institutional market for Section 4(a)(2) securities and Rule 144A securities, it is not possible to predict exactly how the market for such securities will develop. A Section 4(a)(2) security or Rule 144A security that was liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for restricted securities and the Fund may receive only limited information regarding the issuer of a restricted security. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering Section 4(a)(2) securities and Rule 144A securities for resale and the risk of substantial delays in effecting the registration. If, during such a delay, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed at the time it decided to seek registration of the security.
Securities Selection Risk. Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may decline substantially in value or may not perform to expectations. The portfolio managers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value and anticipated price movements of a particular asset class or individual security may be incorrect and there is no guarantee that individual securities will perform as anticipated. This could result in the Fund’s underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Segregated Assets Risk. In connection with certain transactions that may give rise to future payment obligations, including short sales and investments in derivatives, the Fund may be required to maintain a segregated amount of, or otherwise earmark, cash or liquid securities to cover the position. Segregated or earmarked securities cannot be sold while the position or transaction they are covering is outstanding, unless they are replaced with other
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securities of equal value. There is the possibility that the segregation or earmarking of a large percentage of the Fund’s assets may, in some circumstances, adversely affect the Fund’s ability to take advantage of investment opportunities or meet redemption requests.
Short Position Risk. The Fund’s short positions are subject to special risks. A short sale is effected by selling a security that the Fund does not own, or selling a security that the Fund owns but that it does not deliver upon consummation of the sale. In order to make delivery to the buyer of a security sold short, the Fund must borrow the security. In so doing, it incurs the obligation to replace that security, whatever its price may be, at the time it is required to deliver it to the lender. The Fund must also pay to the lender of the security any dividends or interest payable on the security during the borrowing period and may have to pay a premium to borrow the security. This obligation must, unless the Fund then owns or has the right to obtain, without payment, securities identical to those sold short, be collateralized by a deposit of cash or marketable securities with the lender. Short selling is subject to a theoretically unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on how much the price of a security may appreciate before the short position is closed out. There can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover the short position will be available for purchase by the Fund. In addition, purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the relevant securities to rise further, thereby increasing any loss incurred by the Fund. Furthermore, the Fund may be forced to close out a short position prematurely if a counterparty from which the Fund borrowed securities demands their return, resulting in a loss on what might otherwise have been a profitable position. The Fund may also enter into a short position through a forward commitment or via an option, futures contract or swap agreement. If the price of the security or derivative has increased during the time the Fund holds the short position, then the Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price from the time that the short position was entered into plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. Therefore, short positions involve the risk that losses may be exaggerated, potentially losing more money than the actual cost of the investment. The Fund’s losses are potentially unlimited in a short position because the price appreciation of the security that the Fund is required to purchase is unlimited. In addition, because the Fund may invest the proceeds of a short sale, the Fund may be subject to the effect of leverage, in that it amplifies changes in the Fund’s NAV since it increases the exposure of the Fund to the market. If such instruments are traded OTC, the Fund is subject to the risk that the counterparty may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to the Fund.
Small Capitalization Companies Risk. Investments in small capitalization companies generally involve greater risks and the possibility of greater price volatility than investments in larger capitalization and more established companies. Small capitalization companies often have narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, performance can be more volatile and they may face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks. Additionally, small capitalization companies may have less market liquidity than larger capitalization companies, and they can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks.
Trust Preferred Securities Risk. Trust preferred securities are subject to market risk and credit risk. Holders of the trust preferred securities have limited voting rights to control the activities of the trust and no voting rights with respect to the parent company. The market value of trust preferred securities may be more volatile than those of conventional debt securities. Trust preferred securities may be thinly traded and the Fund may not be able to dispose of them at a favorable price. Trust preferred securities may be issued in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and subject to restrictions on resale. There can be no assurance as to the liquidity of trust preferred securities and the ability of holders, such as the Fund, to sell their holdings.
Unrated Securities Risk. Because the Fund may purchase securities that are not rated by any rating organization, the sub-advisor, after assessing their credit quality, may internally assign ratings to certain of those securities in categories similar to those of rating organizations. Investing in unrated securities involves the risk that the sub-advisor may not accurately evaluate the security’s comparative credit rating. To the extent that the Fund invests in unrated securities, the Fund’s success in achieving its investment objectives may depend more heavily on the sub-advisor’s credit analysis than if the Fund invested exclusively in rated securities. Some unrated securities may not have an active trading market or may be difficult to value, which means the Fund might have difficulty selling them promptly at an acceptable price.
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Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. The coupons on certain fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. The coupon on a floating rate security is generally based on an interest rate such as a money-market index, LIBOR or a Treasury bill rate. Such securities are subject to interest rate risk and may fluctuate in value in response to interest rate changes if there is a delay between changes in market interest rates and the interest reset date for the obligation, or for other reasons. As short-term interest rates decline, the coupons on variable and floating rate securities typically decrease. Alternatively, during periods of rising interest rates, changes in the coupons of variable and floating rate securities may lag behind changes in market rates or may have limits on the maximum increases in the coupon rates. The value of variable and floating rate securities may decline if their coupons do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, variable and floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Variable and floating rate securities are less effective at locking in a particular yield and are subject to credit risk.
Zero Coupon Securities Risk. Zero coupon securities are securities that do not make periodic interest payments. Accordingly, zero coupon securities usually trade at a deep discount from their face or par value and will be subject to greater fluctuations in market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities that make current distribution of interest in cash. There is a risk that zero-coupon securities may not keep pace with inflation.
Comparison of the Funds’ Investment Restrictions And Limitations
The material investment restrictions and limitations of the Acquiring Fund are similar to those of the Target Fund, except that the Acquiring Fund’s investment limitations are designed to align, where appropriate, to those applicable to other funds in the American Beacon funds complex.
With respect to each Fund, except as required by the 1940 Act or the Code, if any percentage restriction on investment or utilization of assets is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market values of the Fund’s assets or purchases and redemptions of shares will not be considered a violation of the limitation.
All of the investment policies noted in the table below are fundamental limitations. A fundamental limitation cannot be changed without the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund; or (2) 67% or more of the shares present or represented at a shareholders meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented. A non-fundamental limitation may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.
Notwithstanding any other limitation on investments in other investment companies, however, the Acquiring Fund, unlike the Target Fund, is expressly permitted to operate as a feeder fund in a master-feeder investment structure (although it does not currently intend to do so). The investment limitations for the Target Fund may be found in the Target Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), which is incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement. The investment limitations for the Acquiring Fund may be found in the SAI to this Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement. See “Investment Restrictions−Fundamental Investment Restrictions” in the SAI for more information.
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Fundamental Investment Policies | |||
Policy | Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | Differences |
Borrowing Money | The Fund may not issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its net assets (including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short sales or investing in financial futures, swaps, when-issued or delayed delivery securities, or reverse repurchase agreements. | The Fund may not borrow money, except as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act or pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, including (i) as a temporary measure, (ii) by entering into reverse repurchase agreements, and (iii) by lending portfolio securities as collateral. For purposes of this investment limitation, the purchase or sale of options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other similar financial instruments shall not constitute borrowing. | No material differences. |
Industry Concentration | The Fund may not invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in any one industry or group of related industries (other than securities issued by the U.S. government). | The Fund may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of companies primarily engaged in any particular industry or group of industries provided that this limitation does not apply to: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities; and (ii) tax-exempt securities issued by municipalities and their agencies and authorities. | The Acquiring Fund’s restriction excludes tax-exempt securities issued by municipalities and their agencies and authorities, which the Target Fund’s does not. |
Underwriting Activities | The Fund may not act as underwriter, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio. | The Fund may not engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of securities, the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under federal securities law. | No material differences. |
Making Loans | The Fund may not make loans of money, except (a) for purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund, (b) by engaging in | The Fund may not lend any security or make any other loan except (i) as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act, (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the | No material differences. |
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Fundamental Investment Policies | |||
Policy | Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | Differences |
repurchase agreements or, (c) through the loan of portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s net assets. | SEC or its staff, (iii) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and limitations, or (iv) by engaging in repurchase agreements with respect to portfolio securities. | ||
Real Estate | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate such as real estate investment trusts (REITs)). | The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnership interests, provided, however, that the Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein when consistent with the other policies and limitations described in the prospectus. | No material differences. |
Commodities | The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options; may enter into foreign exchange contracts; may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities; may purchase or sell precious metals directly, and may purchase or sell precious metal commodity contracts or options on such contracts in compliance with applicable commodities laws. | The Fund may not invest in physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling foreign currency, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis, and other similar financial instruments). | The Acquiring Fund’s restriction states that the Acquiring Fund is permitted to invest in physical commodities acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, whereas the Target Fund’s restriction does not. In addition, the Target Fund’s restriction states that the Target Fund may purchase or sell precious metals directly, and may purchase or sell precious metal commodity contracts or options on such contracts in compliance with applicable commodity laws, which the Acquiring Fund’s restriction does not. |
Issuance of Senior Securities | The Fund may not issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its net assets (including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options | The Fund may not issue any senior security except as otherwise permitted (i) under the Investment Company Act or (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff. | The Target Fund’s restriction explicitly states that the restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short sales or investing in financial futures, swaps, when-issued or delayed delivery securities, or reverse repurchase agreements, which the Acquiring Fund’s |
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Fundamental Investment Policies | |||
Policy | Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | Differences |
transactions or short sales or investing in financial futures, swaps, when-issued or delayed delivery securities, or reverse repurchase agreements. | restriction does not. | ||
Diversification | The Fund may not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one issuer (and in not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer), excluding cash, government securities, and securities of other investment companies. | The Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets (taken at market value) in securities of any one issuer, other than obligations issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or purchase more than 10% of the voting securities of any one issuer, with respect to 75% of the Fund’s total assets. | The Target Fund’s restriction excludes cash and securities of other investment companies, which the Acquiring Fund’s restriction does not. |
Unless otherwise noted, the following interpretations apply to the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund.
The above percentage limits (except the limitation to borrowings) are based upon asset values at the time of the applicable transaction; accordingly, a subsequent change in asset values will not affect a transaction that was in compliance with the investment restrictions at the time such transaction was effected. With respect to the fundamental investment restriction relating to making loans set forth above, securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by either Fund exceeds 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the market value of collateral received).
For purposes of each Fund’s policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth above, “senior securities” are defined as Fund obligations that have a priority over the applicable Fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Acquiring Fund assets. The Investment Company Act prohibits the Funds from issuing any class of senior securities or selling any senior securities of which it is the issuer, except that each Fund is permitted to borrow from a bank so long as, immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings of the Fund (not including borrowings for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets). In the event that such asset coverage falls below this percentage, each Fund is required to reduce the amount of its borrowings within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) so that the asset coverage is restored to at least 300%. Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC and its staff, the requisite asset coverage may vary among different types of instruments. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.
For purposes of the Acquiring Fund’s industry concentration policy set forth above, the Manager may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and instrument and may assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics. The Manager may, but need not, consider industry classifications provided by third parties, and the classifications applied to Acquiring Fund investments will be informed by applicable law. A large economic or market sector shall not be construed as a single industry or group of industries. The Manager currently considers securities issued by a foreign government (but not the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities) to be an “industry” subject to the 25% limitation. Thus, not more than 25% of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets will be invested in securities issued by any one foreign government or supranational organization. The Acquiring Fund might invest in certain securities issued by companies in a particular industry whose obligations are guaranteed by a foreign government. The Manager could consider such a company to be within the particular
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industry and, therefore, the Acquiring Fund will invest in the securities of such a company only if it can do so under its policy of not being concentrated in any particular industry or group of industries.
The Acquiring Fund and Target Fund have the following non-fundamental policies, which may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Acquiring Trust and the IMST Trust, respectively, without shareholder approval:
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies | |||
Policy | Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | Differences |
Illiquid Securities | The Fund may not invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, securities that are not readily marketable and repurchase agreements with more than seven days to maturity. | The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including time deposits and repurchase agreements that mature in more than seven days. | The Acquiring Fund’s policy includes time deposits, which the Target Fund’s does not. |
Purchasing Securities on Margin | No such policy. | The Fund may not purchase securities on margin, except that (1) the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (2) the Fund may make margin payments in connection with foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities purchased or sold on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis or other financial instruments. | The Target Fund does not have such a policy. |
Comparison of Fees And Expenses
The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you pay if you buy and hold shares of the Target Fund and the pro forma fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Acquiring Fund after giving effect to the Reorganization. Expenses for the Target Fund are based on the operating expenses incurred by the shares of the Target Fund during the six-month period ended September 30, 2018, and are annualized. Expenses for the Acquiring Fund are estimated for the shares of the Acquiring Fund during the six-month period ended September 30, 2018, and are annualized. The pro forma fees and expenses for the shares of the Acquiring Fund assume that the Reorganization had been in effect for the same period.
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Fees and Expenses | Target Fund Class A shares | Acquiring Fund Investor Class shares (Pro forma) |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | ||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | 5.75% | None |
Wire fee | $20 | None |
Overnight check delivery fee | $25 | None |
Retirement account fees (annual maintenance and full redemption requests) | $15 | $15(1) |
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) | None | None |
Redemption fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed) | None | None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | ||
Management Fee | 1.30%(2) | 1.30% |
Distribution and/or Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees | 0.25% | 0.00% |
Other Expenses | 0.51% | 0.81%(3) |
Dividend expense on short sales | 0.23% | 0.19% |
Shareholder service fee | 0.09% | 0.38% |
All other expenses | 0.19% | 0.24% |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.02% | 0.02%(3) |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 2.08%(4) | 2.13% |
Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement | (0.00)%(5) | (0.11%)(6) |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement | 2.08%(4) | 2.02% |
(1) | A traditional IRA or Roth IRA invested directly in the Acquiring Fund will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15 by the Acquiring Fund’s custodian. No fee is charged for full redemption requests by such Acquiring Fund shareholders. See “Comparison of Distribution, Purchase, Redemption and Exchange Procedures” and Appendix C for more information. |
(2) | The management fee includes fees of 0.35% payable to the Target Fund’s advisor and 0.95% payable to the Target Fund’s sub-advisor for the first $300 million in Target Fund assets and 0.85% for Target Fund assets over $300 million. |
(3) | Other Expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses for the Acquiring Fund are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year. |
(4) | The total annual fund operating expenses and net operating expenses of the Target Fund do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets appearing in the financial highlights table, which reflects only the operating expenses of the Target Fund and does not include acquired fund fees and expenses. |
(5) | The Target Fund’s advisor and sub-advisor have contractually agreed to waive their fees and/or pay for expenses of the Target Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding, as applicable, any shareholder servicing plan fees, taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend or interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses as determined in accordance with Form N-1A, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.74% of the average daily net assets of the Target Fund’s Class A shares. The expense limitation agreement has been structured so that the advisor is first required to waive an amount up to its entire management fee (0.35%) before the sub-advisor is required to waive its fee or pay for Target Fund operating expenses that exceed the amount of the advisor’s fee. This agreement is effective until July 31, 2019 and is subject thereafter to annual re-approval of the agreement by the advisor, the sub-advisor, and the IMST Trust’s Board of Trustees. This agreement may be terminated before that date only with the consent of the IMST Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Target Fund’s advisor and sub-advisor are permitted to seek reimbursement from the Target Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Target Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Target Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Target Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payment made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. |
(6) | The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class through October 28, 2021 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.81% for the Investor Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Acquiring Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under that agreement, the Manager can be reimbursed by the Acquiring Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three |
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years after the Manager’s own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or the time of the recoupment.
Fees and Expenses | Target Fund Class I shares | Acquiring Fund Y Class shares (Pro forma) |
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | ||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | None | None |
Wire fee | $20 | None |
Overnight check delivery fee | $25 | None |
Retirement account fees (annual maintenance and full redemption requests) | $15 | $15(1) |
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) | None | None |
Redemption fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed) | None | None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | ||
Management Fee | 1.30%(2) | 1.30% |
Distribution and/or Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees | None | 0.00% |
Other Expenses | 0.51% | 0.41%(3) |
Dividend expense on short sales | 0.23% | 0.19% |
Shareholder service fee | 0.09% | None |
All other expenses | 0.19% | 0.22% |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.02% | 0.02%(3) |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 1.83%(4) | 1.73% |
Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement | (0.00)%(5) | 0.00%(6) |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement | 1.83%(4) | 1.73% |
(1) | A traditional IRA or Roth IRA invested directly in the Acquiring Fund will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15 by the Acquiring Fund’s custodian. No fee is charged for full redemption requests by such Acquiring Fund shareholders. See “Comparison of Distribution, Purchase, Redemption and Exchange Procedures” and Appendix C for more information. |
(2) | The management fee includes fees of 0.35% payable to the Target Fund’s advisor and 0.95% payable to the Target Fund’s sub-advisor for the first $300 million in Target Fund assets and 0.85% for Target Fund assets over $300 million. |
(3) | Other Expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses for the Acquiring Fund are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year. |
(4) | The total annual fund operating expenses and net operating expenses of the Target Fund do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets appearing in the financial highlights table, which reflects only the operating expenses of the Target Fund and does not include acquired fund fees and expenses. |
(5) | The Target Fund’s advisor and sub-advisor have contractually agreed to waive their fees and/or pay for expenses of the Target Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding, as applicable, any shareholder servicing plan fees, taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend or interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses as determined in accordance with Form N-1A, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.49% of the average daily net assets of the Target Fund’s Class I shares. The expense limitation agreement has been structured so that the advisor is first required to waive an amount up to its entire management fee (0.35%) before the sub-advisor is required to waive its fee or pay for Target Fund operating expenses that exceed the amount of the advisor’s fee. This agreement is effective until July 31, 2019 and is subject thereafter to annual re-approval of the agreement by the advisor, the sub-advisor, and the IMST Trust’s Board of Trustees. This agreement may be terminated before that date only with the consent of the IMST Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Target Fund’s advisor and sub-advisor are permitted to seek reimbursement from the Target Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Target Fund for a period ending three full fiscal years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Target Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Target Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payment made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. |
(6) | The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class through October 28, 2021 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.56% for the Y Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, |
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and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Acquiring Fund’s Board of Trustees. Under that agreement, the Manager can be reimbursed by the Acquiring Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager’s own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or the time of the recoupment.
Example
The Example below is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Target Fund with the cost of investing in the Acquiring Fund on a pro forma basis. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in each Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of each period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% annual return and that operating expenses remain the same, except that it reflects the applicable expense limitation arrangements in place for the time periods described above. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, whether you do or do not redeem your shares of a Fund, your costs would be:
One Year | Three Years | Five Years | Ten Years | |
Target Fund | ||||
Class A shares | $774 | $1,189 | $1,629 | $2,847 |
Class I shares | $186 | $576 | $990 | $2,148 |
Acquiring Fund – (Pro forma) | ||||
Investor Class shares | $205 | $637 | $1,115 | $2,435 |
Y Class shares | $176 | $545 | $939 | $2,041 |
Portfolio Turnover
Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect a Fund’s performance. The Target Fund’s portfolio turnover rate for the last fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, was 52% of the average value of its portfolio. The Acquiring Fund has not commenced operations and, therefore, does not have a portfolio turnover rate to report.
Performance Information
The Acquiring Fund is newly organized and has no assets, operating history or performance information of its own as of the date of this Proxy Statement. The Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares will adopt the performance history of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively. The bar chart and the performance table below provide some indication of the risks of an investment in the Acquiring Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Target Fund’s Class I shares has varied from year to year as compared to a broad measure of market performance. The table shows how the Target Fund’s performance compares to the FTSE 3-Month T-Bill Index, which is the Target Fund’s benchmark index, and the ICE BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index, which will be the Acquiring Fund’s benchmark index. Past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily represent how the Funds will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available at the Target Fund’s website, www.palmersquarefunds.com, or by calling the Target Fund at (866) 933-9033. Sales loads are not reflected in the bar chart, and if those changes were included, returns would be less than those shown.
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Calendar year total returns for the Target Fund’s Class I shares Year Ended December 31 ![]() |
Highest Calendar Quarter Return | 3.18% | Quarter Ended 06/30/2016 | |||
Lowest Calendar Quarter Return | (2.03)% | Quarter Ended 09/30/2015 | |||
Average Annual Total Returns for periods ended December 31, 2018 | |||||
One Year | Five Years | Since Inception (May 25, 2012) | |||
Target Fund Class I Return Before Taxes | 0.57% | 1.44% | 1.81% | ||
Return After Taxes on Distributions | (0.09)% | 0.78% | 1.21% | ||
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 0.44% | 0.93% | 1.26% | ||
Class A Return Before Taxes | (5.52)% | (0.01)% | 0.66% | ||
Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | |||||
FTSE 3-Month T-Bill Index (1) | 1.86% | 0.60% | 0.47% | ||
ICE BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index | 1.87% | 0.63% | 0.50% | ||
(1) | The Target Fund’s primary benchmark is the FTSE 3-Month T-Bill Index. FTSE 3-Month T-Bill Index is an index intended to track the daily performance of 3 month U.S. Treasury bills. |
The Acquiring Fund’s primary benchmark will be the ICE BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index. The Manager has elected to use the ICE BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index as the Fund’s primary benchmark to conform with the index provider used by other funds in the American Beacon funds complex. ICE BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index is an index of U.S. Treasury securities maturing in less than 3 months that assumes reinvestment of all income and is intended to track the daily performance of 3 month U.S. Treasury bills.
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After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you are a tax-exempt entity or hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown only for the Target Fund’s Class I shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Capitalization
The capitalization of the Target Fund as of December 31, 2018, and the Acquiring Fund’s pro forma combined capitalization as of that date after giving effect to the Reorganization is as follows. The table is for informational purposes only. The capitalization of the Target Fund is likely to be different on the closing date of the Reorganization due to purchase and redemption activity in the Target Fund.
Net Assets | Net Asset Value Per Share | Shares Outstanding | |
Target Fund – Class A | $971,416.01 | $9.86 | 98,442.742 |
Acquiring Fund – Investor Class | $971,416.01 | $9.86 | 98,442.742 |
Pro forma Acquiring Fund – Investor Class (After Reorganization) | $971,416.01 | $9.86 | 98,442.742 |
Target Fund – Class I | $289,287,026.05 | $9.85 | 29,349,425.540 |
Acquiring Fund – Y Class | $289,287,026.05 | $9.85 | 29,349,425.540 |
Pro forma Acquiring Fund – Y Class (After Reorganization) | $289,287,026.05 | $9.85 | 29,349,425.540 |
Target Fund – All Classes | $290,258,442.06 | — | 29,447,868.282 |
Acquiring Fund – All Classes | $290,258,442.06 | — | 29,447,868.282 |
Pro forma Acquiring Fund – All Classes (After Reorganization) | $290,258,442.06 | — | 29,447,868.282 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE REORGANIZATION
Agreement and Plan Of Reorganization and Termination
The terms and conditions under which the Reorganization will be consummated are set forth in the Plan. The following summary thereof is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Plan, the form of which is attached to this Proxy Statement as Appendix A. You should refer to Appendix A for the complete terms of the Plan.
If the Plan is approved by the shareholders of the Target Fund and the Reorganization is consummated, the Target Fund will transfer all of its assets to the Acquiring Fund (which is being established solely for the purpose of acquiring those assets and continuing the Target Fund’s business) in exchange solely for (1) Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund equal in aggregate value to the Class A and Class I shares of the Target Fund, respectively, as of the close of business on the Closing Date referred to below and (2) the Acquiring Fund’s assumption of all liabilities of the Target Fund (the “Closing”). Immediately thereafter, the Target Fund will distribute, pro rata on a class-by-class basis, the Investor Class and Y Class shares it receives to the Target Fund’s shareholders of record as of the close of business on the Closing Date, by the Acquiring Trust’s transfer agent establishing accounts on the Acquiring Fund’s share records in the names of those shareholders and transferring those Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund to those accounts of the Target Fund. As a result, immediately after the Reorganization, existing shareholders of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares will become shareholders of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares, respectively, having an aggregate value equal to the aggregate value of his or her Target Fund shares held immediately prior to the Reorganization, as set forth below:
Target Fund | Acquiring Fund | |
Class A shares | à | Investor Class shares |
Class I shares | à | Y Class shares |
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Shares will be held in book entry form only; paper certificates will not be issued. No sales charges will be imposed in connection with the receipt of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares by Class A and Class I shareholders of the Target Fund pursuant to the Reorganization.
Until the Closing, shareholders of the Target Fund will continue to be able to redeem their shares at the NAV per share next determined after receipt by the Target Fund’s transfer agent of a redemption request in proper form. Redemption and purchase requests received by the transfer agent after the Closing will be treated as requests received for the redemption of shares of the Acquiring Fund received by the shareholder in connection with the Reorganization or purchase of shares of the Acquiring Fund. After the Reorganization, all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Target Fund will be canceled on the books of the Target Fund, and the share transfer books of the Target Fund will be permanently closed. If the Reorganization is consummated, shareholders will be free to redeem the shares of the Acquiring Fund that they receive in the transaction at their then-current NAV per share. Shareholders of the Target Fund may wish to consult their tax advisers as to any different consequences of redeeming their shares prior to the Reorganization or exchanging such shares for shares of the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization.
The Reorganization is subject to a number of conditions, including the approval of the Plan by the shareholders of the Target Fund and the receipt of a legal opinion from counsel to the Acquiring Trust with respect to certain tax matters (see Federal Income Tax Consequences, below). Assuming satisfaction of the conditions in the Plan, the closing date of the Reorganization is expected to be on or about April 26, 2019, or another date agreed to by the IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust with respect to the Reorganization (“Closing Date”).
The Target Fund and/or its shareholders will not incur any direct expenses in connection with the Reorganization. The Manager and Palmer Square will each bear their own expenses except for (a) the costs of the Special Meeting, including legal and accounting costs, and other expenses incurred in connection with the solicitation of proxies (including printing, mailing and solicitation), (b) the transfer agent and custodian conversion expenses, and (c) transfer taxes for any foreign securities transferred pursuant to the Reorganization, which will be shared equally by the Manager and Palmer Square, except that Palmer Square’s pro rata portion of the fees associated with drafting the Proxy Statement and other proxy materials is limited to $50,000. The Manager does not anticipate any indirect costs in connection with the Reorganization; however, any indirect costs, if any, will be borne by the Acquiring Fund.
The Plan may be amended by the mutual agreement of the IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust with respect to the Reorganization, notwithstanding approval thereof by the Target Fund’s shareholders, provided that no such amendment after that approval may have a material adverse effect on those shareholders’ interests. In addition, the Plan may be terminated at or before the Closing by the mutual agreement of the IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust or by either of them with respect to the Reorganization (i) in the event of the other’s material breach of any representation, warranty or covenant contained in the Plan to be performed at or before the Closing if not cured within 30 days or, in the sole discretion of the non-breaching party’s board, prior to the Closing, (ii) if a condition to its obligations has not been met and it reasonably appears that that condition will not or cannot be met, (iii) if a governmental body issues an order, decree or ruling having the effect of permanently enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting consummation of the Reorganization, (iv) if the IMST Trust Board or the Acquiring Trust Board determines that the Reorganization is not in the best interest of the IMST Trust or the Acquiring Trust, respectively, or (v) if the Closing has not occurred on or before [ ], or another date as to which they agree.
In connection with the Reorganization, the Manager and, to the extent applicable, Palmer Square, have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that the Reorganization complies with the safe harbor provisions of Section 15(f) of the 1940 Act. Section 15(f) requires, among other things, that during the three-year period immediately following the Reorganization, at least 75% of the members of the Acquiring Trust Board must not be “interested persons” of the Manager or Palmer Square within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Acquiring Trust Board will satisfy this condition at the time of the Reorganization.
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Section 15(f) also requires that no “unfair burden” be imposed on the Acquiring Fund as a result of the Reorganization or any express or implied terms, conditions or understandings applicable thereto. As defined in the 1940 Act, the term “unfair burden” includes any arrangement, during the two-year period after the date on which such transaction occurs, whereby the investment advisor (or predecessor or successor investment advisor) or any interested person of any such investment advisor receives or is entitled to receive any compensation, directly or indirectly, from the investment company or its security holders (other than fees for bona fide investment advisory or other services), or from any person in connection with the purchase or sale of securities or other property to, from or on behalf of the investment company (other than bona fide ordinary compensation as principal underwriter of the investment company). All compensation paid to Palmer Square upon the closing of the Reorganization will be paid by the Manager and not by the Target Fund or the Acquiring Fund. In addition, neither Palmer Square nor the Manager is aware of any circumstances that might result in the imposition of such an “unfair burden” on the Target Fund as a result of the Reorganization or the compensation to be paid to Palmer Square by the Manager.
Description of the Acquiring Fund’s Shares
Shares of the Acquiring Fund issued to the shareholders of the Target Fund pursuant to the Plan will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable when issued and will be transferable without restriction and will have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares will be sold and redeemed based upon their NAV per share next determined after receipt of the purchase or redemption request, as described in Appendix C to this Proxy Statement.
Board Considerations
Palmer Square proposed, and the Board of the IMST Trust considered (with the advice and assistance of independent legal counsel), the Reorganization at a meeting held on December 5-6, 2018. After careful consideration, based upon the recommendation of Palmer Square, the Board’s evaluation of the relevant information prepared by Palmer Square and the Manager and presented to the Board in advance of the meeting, and in light of its fiduciary duties under federal and state law, the Board, including all Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the IMST Trust under the 1940 Act, determined that the Reorganization is in the best interests of the Target Fund and its shareholders and that the interests of existing Target Fund shareholders will not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization.
The Board considered the terms of the Plan and determined that the Reorganization would provide Target Fund shareholders with the options of (1) continuing to pursue their investment objectives through the Acquiring Fund which is designed to be substantially similar from an investment perspective to the Target Fund, or (2) for any shareholders who did not wish to participate in the Reorganization, redeeming their investment in the Target Fund, which might have tax consequences for them.
In approving the Reorganization, the Board considered various factors it deemed relevant, including the following factors, among others, none of which by itself was considered dispositive. The determinations were made on the basis of the business judgment of the Board after consideration of all of the factors taken as a whole, though individual members of the Board may have placed different weight on various factors and assigned different degrees of materiality to various conclusions.
The Terms and Conditions of the Reorganization. The Board considered the terms of the Plan with respect to the Target Fund, and, in particular, that the transfer of the assets of the Target Fund will be in exchange solely for Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund and the Acquiring Fund’s assumption of all liabilities of the Target Fund. The Board also considered the fact that no sales loads, commissions or other transactional fees would be imposed on shareholders in connection with the Reorganization. In addition, the Board considered that pursuant to the Plan, the aggregate value of Acquiring Fund shares to be credited to each Target Fund shareholder’s account will equal the aggregate value of the Target Fund shares that each shareholder holds immediately prior to the Reorganization. As a result, the Board considered that the interests of the Target Fund’s shareholders would not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization. The Board also considered that the Reorganization would be submitted to the Target Fund’s shareholders for approval.
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Investment Objectives and Strategies; Continuity of Sub-Advisor. The Board considered that the Acquiring Fund is designed to be substantially similar from an investment perspective to the Target Fund. The investment objectives of the Acquiring Fund will be identical to those of the Target Fund and the investment strategies of the Acquiring Fund will be substantially similar to those of the Target Fund. Although the Acquiring Fund discloses additional types of investments in which the Acquiring Fund may invest as part of its principal strategies, most of those investments are also part of the non-principal investment strategies of the Target Fund. The Board considered that the substantially similar investment strategies, together with the fact that SSI would serve as sub-advisor to the Acquiring Fund, would provide continuity of portfolio management expertise to the shareholders of the Target Fund. The Board considered that the investment limitations of the Acquiring Fund are similar to those of the Target Fund, except that they have been drafted to conform its investment limitations to those applicable to other funds in the American Beacon funds complex.
Relative Expense Ratios; Limitation on Expenses; Management Fees. The Board reviewed information regarding comparative expense ratios (i.e., current expense ratios for the Target Fund’s shares, and estimated pro forma expense ratios for the Acquiring Fund’s shares), which indicated that the gross total annual operating expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares is expected to be slightly higher than the gross total annual operating expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class A shares and that the gross total annual fund operating expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares is expected to be lower than the gross total annual fund operating expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class I shares. The Board considered that a fee waiver agreement is in effect through July 31, 2019, for the Target Fund shares, and that the Manager has agreed to enter into a new expense limitation agreement with the Acquiring Fund for at least two years following the date of the Reorganization.
Based on the information provided by the Manager, the Board considered that the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class is expected to operate below its expense limitation cap under the fee waiver agreement. The Board further considered that after applicable fee waivers, the net total annual operating expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares is expected to be slightly lower than the net total annual operating expense ratio of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively, for at least two years following the Reorganization. The Board also considered the exclusions from the expense limitation arrangement applicable to the Acquiring Fund as compared to the Target Fund. The Board considered that the Manager currently intends to recommend to the Acquiring Trust’s Board the continuation of the fee waiver agreement for the Acquiring Fund for the foreseeable future. The Board considered that at the current asset size of the Target Fund, the management fee rate of the Acquiring Fund would be the same as the management fee rate paid by the Target Fund, but that as the Acquiring Fund’s assets increase, its management fee rate would decrease due to breakpoints in the Acquiring Fund’s advisory fee schedule.
Distribution Capabilities; Economies of Scale. The Board considered Palmer Square’s representations that a primary driver for the proposal was that Target Fund shareholders would gain access to the Manager’s significant distribution platform. The Board considered the fund distribution capabilities of the Manager and its affiliates and their commitment to distribute the shares of the Acquiring Fund. In addition, the Board considered that the proposed Reorganization would give Target Fund shareholders the opportunity to diversify through exchange privileges with the other mutual funds in the American Beacon funds complex, which span a wide range of investment objectives and management styles. The Board also considered Palmer Square’s representations that by increasing distribution, the Reorganization provides the Target Fund with potential asset growth opportunities that, if realized, could result in Target Fund shareholders experiencing economies of scale and greater efficiencies leading to lower overall costs over time. The Board further considered the potential of the Acquiring Fund to experience economies of scale as a result of it being a series of the Acquiring Trust because certain fixed costs, such as legal, accounting, shareholder services and trustee expenses, would be spread over a larger fund complex. In this connection, the Board considered that the Manager’s fee schedule includes breakpoints for the benefit of Acquiring Fund shareholders, and that the Acquiring Fund’s management fees are lower than the Target Fund’s management fees for assets greater than $5 billion.
Distribution and Service Fees; Other Fees. The Board considered that the Acquiring Fund’s shares will not have a Rule 12b-1 fee while the Target Fund currently imposes a 12b-1 fee of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of its Class A shares. The Board also considered that the Acquiring Fund will have a shareholder services fee at annual rates up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares for certain non-
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distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries, and may reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund, whereas the Target Fund imposes a shareholder service fee of up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets attributable to Class A and Class I shares for non-distribution administrative and support services provided by shareholder servicing agents. The Board further considered that the Target Fund assesses a front-end sales charge on Class A shares of 5.75%, which may be subject to various waivers and reductions as described in the Target Fund’s prospectus, but that no such fees will be assessed by the Acquiring Fund on either share class.
The Experience and Expertise of the Manager and Sub-Advisor. The Board considered the following information that was provided to it regarding the Manager: (1) the Manager is an experienced provider of investment advisory services to institutional and retail markets; (2) since 1986, the Manager has offered a variety of services and products, including corporate cash management, separate account management, and mutual funds; and (3) the Manager serves retail clients as well as defined benefit plans, defined contribution plans, foundations, endowments, corporations, and other institutional investors.
The Board considered that SSI, a California corporation, and the current sub-advisor to the Target Fund, would provide sub-advisory services to the Acquiring Fund. The Board noted that the Sub-Advisor’s principals have significant investment experience related to the investment management of the Target Fund and the accounts of institutional and high net worth clients, public funds, pension and profit sharing plans and private investment plans. The Board also noted that, by engaging SSI as the sub-advisor to the Acquiring Fund, the Acquiring Fund will be advised by the same portfolio management team at SSI that currently advises the Target Fund.
Tax Consequences. The Board considered that the Reorganization is expected to be a tax-free “reorganization” within the meaning of section 368(a)(1) of the Code. The Board further noted that the Manager expects that neither the Target Fund nor its shareholders will recognize any gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a direct result of the Reorganization.
Expenses Relating to Reorganization. The Board considered that the Manager and Palmer Square will pay all direct costs relating to the Reorganization, including the costs of preparing the Plan and Proxy Statement and seeking approval of the Plan from the Target Fund’s shareholders. The Board also considered that the Target Fund and its shareholders will not incur any direct expenses in connection with the Reorganization.
Consideration Paid to Palmer Square. The Board considered that, pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement between Palmer Square and the Manager, for the sale by Palmer Square of certain assets related to the management of the Target Fund, the Manager has agreed to compensate Palmer Square upon the closing of the Reorganization, based on the daily net assets of the Target Fund on the Closing Date. The Board considered that this compensation is payable by the Manager and not by the Target Fund or Acquiring Fund. The Board also considered that the Reorganization is contingent on the conditions of the Asset Purchase Agreement between Palmer Square and the Manager being satisfied or waived by mutual agreement of the parties thereto.
Other Alternatives. The Board considered that if the proposal is not approved by shareholders of the Target Fund, or if for any other reason the Reorganization is not consummated, the Board may take such further action as it deems to be in the best interests of the Target Fund.
Based on the information prepared by Palmer Square and the Manager, and as presented to the Board by Palmer Square, the Board determined that the Reorganization as proposed by Palmer Square is in the best interests of the Target Fund and its shareholders. The Board approved the Reorganization, subject to approval by shareholders of the Target Fund and the solicitation of the shareholders of the Target Fund to vote “FOR” the approval of the Plan, the form of which is attached to this Proxy Statement in Appendix A.
Federal Income Tax Consequences
The IMST Trust believes the Target Fund has qualified and will continue to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company under Part I of Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Code (“Subchapter
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M”) since the Target Fund’s inception. Accordingly, the IMST Trust does not expect to pay any U.S. federal income tax on income and capital gains that are timely distributed to its shareholders.
The Reorganization is intended to qualify for federal income tax purposes as a “reorganization” under section 368(a)(1) of the Code. As a condition to the Closing, the IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust will receive an opinion of the Acquiring Trust’s counsel substantially to the effect that ‑‑ based on certain assumptions and conditioned on the representations set forth in the Plan (and, if such counsel requests, in separate letters from the IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust) being true and complete at the time of the Closing and the Reorganization being consummated in accordance with the Plan (without the waiver or modification of any terms or conditions thereof and without taking into account any amendment thereof that counsel has not approved) ‑‑ the Reorganization will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of section 368(a)(1) of the Code and each Fund will be “a party to a reorganization” (within the meaning of section 368(b) of the Code) and that, accordingly, for federal income tax purposes:
· | The Target Fund will recognize no gain or loss on the transfer of its assets to the Acquiring Fund in exchange solely for shares of the Acquiring Fund and the Acquiring Fund’s assumption of the Target Fund’s liabilities or on the distribution of those Acquiring Fund shares to the Target Fund’s shareholders in exchange for their Target Fund shares; |
· | Each Target Fund shareholder will recognize no gain or loss on the exchange of all of its Target Fund shares solely for shares of the Acquiring Fund pursuant to the Reorganization; |
· | Each Target Fund shareholder’s aggregate tax basis in the Acquiring Fund shares it receives pursuant to the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis in its Target Fund shares it actually or constructively surrenders in exchange for those Acquiring Fund shares, and its holding period for those Acquiring Fund shares will include, in each instance, its holding period for those Target Fund shares, provided the shareholder holds them as capital assets as of the time of the Closing; |
· | The Acquiring Fund will recognize no gain or loss on its receipt of the Target Fund’s assets in exchange solely for the Acquiring Fund shares and the Acquiring Fund’s assumption of the Target Fund’s liabilities; |
· | The Acquiring Fund’s basis in each transferred asset will be the same as the Target Fund’s basis therein immediately before the Reorganization, and the Acquiring Fund’s holding period for each such asset will include the Target Fund’s holding period therefor (except where the Acquiring Fund’s investment activities have the effect of reducing or eliminating an asset’s holding period); and |
· | For purposes of section 381 of the Code, the Acquiring Fund will be treated just as the Target Fund would have been treated if there had been no Reorganization. Accordingly, the Reorganization will not result in the termination of the Target Fund’s taxable year, the Target Fund’s tax attributes enumerated in section 381(c) of the Code will be taken into account by the Acquiring Fund as if there had been no Reorganization, and the part of the Target Fund’s last taxable year that began before the Reorganization will be included in the Acquiring Fund’s taxable year that ends after the Reorganization. |
Notwithstanding the above, the opinion of counsel may state that no opinion is expressed as to the effect of the Reorganization on the Funds with respect to any asset as to which any unrealized gain or loss is required to be recognized for federal income tax purposes on the termination or transfer thereof under a mark-to-market system of accounting.
Opinions of counsel are not binding upon the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or the courts. If the Reorganization is consummated but does not qualify as a “reorganization” under the Code, the Target Fund would recognize gain or loss on the transfer of its assets to the Acquiring Fund and each shareholder of the Target Fund would recognize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between its tax basis in the Target Fund shares and the fair market value of the shares of the Acquiring Fund it receives.
Tracking Your Basis and Holding Period. After the Reorganization, you will continue to be responsible for tracking the adjusted tax basis in and holding period of your Acquiring Fund shares for federal income tax purposes. Any basis determination method you elected with respect to Target Fund shares you acquired will continue to be used by the Acquiring Fund after the Reorganization for the Acquiring Fund shares exchanged for those Target Fund shares in the Reorganization (“Covered Exchange Shares”). If you want to use any acceptable
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method for basis determination other than the average basis method, which will be the Acquiring Fund’s default method, with respect to any Acquiring Fund shares you acquire after the Reorganization (“Covered AB Shares” and, collectively with Covered Exchange Shares, “Covered Shares”), or want to change your election with respect to Covered Exchange Shares, you will have to elect to do so in writing (which may be electronic). Any basis determination method for Covered Shares may not be changed with respect to a redemption thereof after the settlement date of the redemption.
The Acquiring Fund (or its administrative agent) is required to report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares. As a result, the Acquiring Fund is required to report the gross proceeds from the redemption of its shares and, for Covered Shares, is also required to report the basis information and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. Before making any redemptions, you should consult with your tax adviser to determine the best IRS-accepted basis determination method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to you.
Form of Organization and Shareholder Rights
Governing Law and Declarations of Trust. The Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund are separate series of the IMST Trust and Acquiring Trust (the “Trusts”), respectively. The IMST Trust is organized as a Delaware statutory trust, whereas the Acquiring Trust is organized as a Massachusetts business trust. The Trusts are authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. Each Trust’s operations are governed by its Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (each, a “Declaration of Trust”), By-Laws, and applicable state law. The federal law governing mutual funds applies to both Funds. Although federal law, and particularly the 1940 Act, regulates many of the aspects of the governance of a mutual fund, some state laws also apply because the Acquiring Trust is organized as an entity under state law. The following is a summary of certain differences between Delaware statutory trusts and Massachusetts business trusts and the rights of the shareholders of the Funds.
A fund organized as a series of a Massachusetts business trust is governed by its declaration of trust or similar instrument. Massachusetts law allows the trustees of a business trust to set the terms of a fund’s governance in its declaration. All power and authority to manage the fund and its affairs generally reside with the trustees, and shareholder voting and other rights are limited to those provided to the shareholders in the declaration. The flexibility inherent in a Massachusetts business trust has led to it becoming a common form of organization for mutual funds. That flexibility also means that the Massachusetts business trust law may be open to interpretation although, in resolving such matters, courts may look by analogy to Massachusetts corporate law.
A fund organized as a Delaware statutory trust, on the other hand, is governed both by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the “Delaware Act”) and the fund’s governing instrument. For a Delaware statutory trust, unlike a Massachusetts business trust, the Delaware Act specifically addresses many aspects of corporate governance. The body of Delaware law on the topic is consequently more detailed than in Massachusetts. This detail provides somewhat clearer guidelines as to the rights and obligations of the trust, trustees, and shareholders.
Under the Delaware Act, shareholders generally are shielded from personal liability for the trust’s debts or obligations to the same extent a shareholder is shielded from a corporation’s debts. Shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust, on the other hand, are shielded only to the extent provided in the declaration of trust. Under the IMST Trust Declaration of Trust, no shareholder shall be subject to any personal liability whatsoever in tort, contract or otherwise to any other person or persons in connection with the assets or the affairs of the IMST Trust or of any series. The IMST Trust is required to indemnify shareholders and former shareholders against losses and expenses arising from any personal liability for any obligation of the IMST Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder of the IMST Trust and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason. Under the Acquiring Trust Declaration of Trust, any shareholder or former shareholder shall not be held to be personally liable for any obligation or liability of the Acquiring Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder. The Acquiring Trust is required to indemnify shareholders and former shareholders against losses and expenses incurred in connection with proceedings relating to his or her being or having been a shareholder of the Acquiring Trust and not because of his or her acts or omissions.
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Both a Delaware statutory trust and a Massachusetts business trust can limit a trustee’s personal liability in the declaration of trust. The IMST Trust Declaration of Trust provides that no Trustee of the Trust shall be subject to any personal liability whatsoever in connection with the assets or affairs of the IMST Trust or any of its series, except for liability arising from his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office or the discharge of his functions (“Disabling Conduct”) and in addition, provides for indemnification by the Trust of the Trustees against liability and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding in which the Trustee may be involved as a party or otherwise by reason of having been a Trustee, except with respect to any matter as to which it has been determined that the Trustee had acted with Disabling Conduct. The Acquiring Trust Declaration of Trust contains similar provisions. The 1940 Act currently provides that no fund officer or director shall be protected from liability to the fund or shareholders for misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties of office.
Neither a Delaware statutory trust nor a Massachusetts business trust is required to hold shareholder meetings or get shareholder approval for certain actions unless the declaration of trust requires it. The IMST Trust Declaration of Trust provides that shareholders shall have power to vote only: (i) for election and removal of trustees as provided in the Declaration of Trust; (ii) to approve contracts as to which shareholder approval is required by the 1940 Act; (iii) with respect to any reorganization of the Trust or any series as provided in the Declaration of Trust; (iv) with respect to any amendment of Declaration of Trust as provided therein; (v) to the same extent as the stockholders of a Delaware business corporation as to whether derivative actions should be maintained; and (vi) for such additional matters as may be required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the SEC (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the trustees may consider necessary or desirable. The Acquiring Trust Declaration of Trust provides that shareholders shall have power to vote: (i) for the election and removal of Trustees as provided in the Declaration of Trust; (ii) with respect to any investment advisory or subadvisory contract to the extent provided in the Declaration of Trust; (iii) with respect to the amendment of the Declaration of Trust as provided therein; (iv) to the same extent as the shareholders of a Massachusetts business corporation as to whether derivative actions should be maintained; and (v) with respect to such additional matters as may be required or authorized by law, the Declaration of Trust, or the Bylaws or any registration and/or qualification of the Trust with the SEC or any state, as the trustees may consider desirable.
Board of Trustees. The IMST Trust has five trustees, one of whom is deemed an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the IMST Trust. The Acquiring Trust Board has ten trustees, one of whom is deemed an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Acquiring Trust. For more information, refer to the SAI to this Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement.
Classes. The Target Fund offers Class A and Class I shares, and the Acquiring Fund will offer Investor Class, Y Class and Institutional Class shares. If the Reorganization is consummated, shareholders of the Target Fund’s Class A shares will receive Investor Class shares of the Acquiring Fund, and shareholders of the Target Fund’s Class I shares will receive Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Acquiring Trust’s Board has reserved the right to create and issue additional classes of the Acquiring Fund following the Reorganization. Each share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate interest in that series or class with each other share of that series or class. Shares of each series or class generally vote together on fund- or trust-wide matters, except when required under federal securities laws to vote separately on matters that only affect a particular series or class, such as the approval of a distribution plan for a particular class.
Comparison of Distribution and Purchase, Redemption and Exchange Procedures
Distribution. IMST Distributors, located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, is the distributor for the shares of the Target Fund. IMST Distributors is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). Under a Distribution Agreement with the IMST Trust, IMST Distributors acts as the Target Fund’s agent in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Target Fund. IMST Distributors continually distributes shares of the Target Fund on a best efforts basis. IMST Distributors has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of the Target Fund’s shares.
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RID, located at 220 East Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039, will be the distributor and principal underwriter of the Acquiring Fund’s shares. RID is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of FINRA. The Distributor is affiliated with the Manager through common ownership. Under a Distribution Agreement with the Acquiring Trust, RID acts as the distributor and principal underwriter of the Acquiring Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Acquiring Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of the Acquiring Fund’s shares.
The IMST Trust, on behalf of the Target Fund, has adopted a distribution and service plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “12b-1 Plan”) for its Class A shares. Pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan, the Target Fund pays Rule 12b-1 distribution and service fees of 0.25% per annum of its average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares to IMST Distributors. The 12b-1 Plan provides alternative methods for paying sales charges and may help the Target Fund grow or maintain asset levels to provide operational efficiencies and economies of scale. The 12b-1 Plan also provides for the payment of service fees in connection with the provision of post-sales shareholder liaison services to holders of Class A shares, as defined in FINRA regulations, including personal services such as responding to customer inquiries, and services related to the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Because 12b-1 fees are paid out of Fund assets attributable to Class A shares on an ongoing basis, they will, over time, increase the cost of an investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges. The Class I shares of the Target Fund do not pay any Rule 12b-1 fees.
The IMST Trust Board has adopted, on behalf of the Target Fund, a Shareholder Service Plan (the “Service Plan”) under which the IMST Trust’s advisor will provide, or arrange for others (such as banks, trust companies, broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries (each, a “Service Organization”)) to provide, certain specified non-distribution shareholder servicing functions for Fund shares owned by its respective customers. The Target Fund will pay the advisor or Service Organizations, as applicable, at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the Target Fund’s average daily net assets, payable monthly.
The Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund do not pay any Rule 12b-1 fees. The Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares will have a shareholder services plan for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. The shareholder services plan authorizes payments at an annual rate of up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares. In addition, the Acquiring Fund may reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund.
Purchase Procedures. The purchase procedures for the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund are similar. Investors may invest by contacting the Funds through a broker or other financial institution who sells shares of the Funds, or by mail, telephone or wire.
The minimum initial amount of investment in the Target Fund is $2,500 for Class A shares and $1,000,000 for Class I shares. Subsequent investments in the Target Fund may be made with a minimum investment amount of $100 for Class A shares and $5,000 for Class I shares.
The minimum initial investment for shares of the Acquiring Fund will be $2,500 for Investor Class shares and $100,000 for Y Class shares. The minimum subsequent investment amount for the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class shares is $50 for purchases by ACH, check or exchange, and $250 for purchases by wire transfer. The minimum subsequent investment amount for the Acquiring Fund’s Y Class shares is $50 for purchases by ACH, check or exchange, and there is no minimum subsequent investment amount for purchases of Y Class shares by wire. Investor Class shares are also available to traditional IRA or Roth IRA shareholders investing directly in the Fund. The minimum investment is $2,500. A traditional IRA or Roth IRA invested directly will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15.00 by the Custodian.
The Target Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Target Fund will not accept third-party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks, money orders or starter checks for the purchase of shares. All purchases must be made in U.S. Dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions.
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Acquiring Fund shares may be purchased only in U.S. States and Territories in which they can be legally sold. Prospective investors should inquire as to whether shares of the Acquiring Fund are available for offer and sale in their jurisdiction. The Acquiring Fund reserves the right to refuse purchases if, in the judgment of the Acquiring Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Acquiring Fund and its shareholders. The Acquiring Fund has the right to reject any purchase order or cease offering any or all classes of shares at any time. Checks to purchase shares are accepted subject to collection at full face value in U.S. funds and must be drawn in U.S. dollars on a U.S. bank. The Acquiring Fund will not accept ‘‘starter’’ checks, credit card checks, money orders, cashier’s checks, or third-party checks.
If your check for purchasing Target Fund shares is returned for insufficient funds, your purchase will be canceled and a $25 fee will be assessed against your account by the Transfer Agent.
If your payment for Acquiring Fund shares is not received and collected, your purchase may be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees the Acquiring Fund or the Manager has incurred. Under applicable anti-money laundering regulations and other federal regulations, purchase orders may be suspended, restricted or canceled and the monies may be withheld. Additional information for the Acquiring Fund is set forth in Appendix C to this Proxy Statement.
Redemption Procedures. The Target Fund permits redemptions by mail, telephone and, for shares purchased through a financial intermediary, through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. The Acquiring Fund will permit redemptions by mail, telephone, wire and internet and for shares purchased through a financial intermediary, through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. Additionally, each Fund has also reserved the right to redeem shares “in kind.” Additional shareholder account information for the Acquiring Fund is set forth in Appendix C to this Proxy Statement.
Exchange Procedures. The Target Fund does not have an exchange feature. Shares of the Acquiring Fund may be exchanged for shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund under certain limited circumstances. Since an exchange involves a concurrent purchase and redemption, please review the sections titled “Purchase Policies” and “Redemption Policies” in Appendix C to this Proxy Statement for additional limitations that apply to purchases and redemptions.
The eligibility and minimum investment requirement must be met for the class into which the shareholder is exchanging. American Beacon Fund shares may be acquired through exchange only in states in which they can be legally sold. The Acquiring Trust reserves the right to charge a fee and to modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time. Please refer to the section titled “Frequent Trading and Market Timing” in Appendix C to this Proxy Statement for information on the Acquiring Trust’s policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACQUIRING FUND
Manager and Sub-Advisor
The Manager, located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039, will serve as the Manager and administrator of the Acquiring Fund. The Manager is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC, which is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC and Estancia Capital Partners L.P.
The Manager was organized in 1986 to provide investment management, advisory, and administrative services. The Manager is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). The Manager, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, has filed or will file a notice claiming the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) Regulation 4.5 exclusion from registration as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act, and the Manager is exempt from registration as a commodity trading advisor under CFTC Regulation 4.14(a)(8) with respect to the Acquiring Fund.
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The Manager provides or oversees the provision of all administrative, investment advisory and portfolio management services to the Acquiring Fund. The Manager:
· | develops overall investment strategies for the Acquiring Fund; |
· | selects and changes sub-advisors; |
· | allocates assets among sub-advisors; |
· | monitors and evaluates the sub-advisor’s investment performance; |
· | monitors the sub-advisor’s compliance with the Acquiring Fund’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions; and |
· | oversees the Acquiring Fund’s securities lending activities and actions taken by the securities lending agent to the extent applicable. |
The assets of the Acquiring Fund are currently allocated by the Manager to one sub-advisor, SSI. The Sub-Advisor has full discretion to purchase and sell securities for the Acquiring Fund in accordance with the Acquiring Fund’s objectives, policies, restrictions and more specific strategies provided by the Manager. The Manager oversees the Sub-Advisor but does not reassess individual security selections made by the Sub-Advisor for the Acquiring Fund.
Although the Manager has no current intention to do so, the Acquiring Fund’s assets may be allocated among one or more additional sub-advisors in the future by the Manager. The Acquiring Fund operates in a manager-of-managers structure. The Acquiring Fund and the Manager have received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Acquiring Fund, subject to certain conditions and approval by the Acquiring Trust Board, to hire and replace sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager without approval of the shareholders. The Fund and the Manager may seek to receive a further exemptive order from the SEC in the future that, if granted, would permit the Fund to hire and replace sub-advisors that are affiliated and unaffiliated with the Manager without shareholder approval, subject to certain conditions. The Manager has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Acquiring Trust Board, to oversee sub-advisors and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The order also exempts the Acquiring Fund from disclosing the advisory fees paid by the Fund to individual sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager in various documents filed with the SEC and provided to shareholders. Instead, the fees payable to unaffiliated sub-advisors are aggregated and fees payable to sub-advisors that are affiliated with the Manager, if any, would be aggregated with fees payable to the Manager. Disclosure of the separate fees paid to an affiliated sub-advisor would be required. Whenever a sub-advisor change is proposed in reliance on the order, in order for the change to be implemented, the Acquiring Trust Board, including a majority of its “non-interested” Trustees, must approve the change. In addition, the Acquiring Fund is required to provide shareholders with certain information regarding any new sub-advisor within 90 days of the hiring of any new sub-advisor.
The Acquiring Fund’s Management Agreement with the Manager provides for the Acquiring Fund to pay the Manager an annualized management fee based on a percentage of the Acquiring Fund’s average daily net assets that is calculated and accrued daily according to the following schedule:
First $5 billion | 0.35% |
Next $5 billion | 0.325% |
Next $10 billion | 0.30% |
Over $20 billion | 0.275% |
The Manager also may receive up to 10% of the net monthly income generated from the Acquiring Fund’s securities lending activities as compensation for oversight of the Acquiring Fund’s securities lending program, including the securities lending agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”). The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Fund to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions in
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shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager. As of the date of this Proxy Statement, the Acquiring Fund does not intend to engage in securities lending activities.
The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Acquiring Fund’s Investor Class and Y Class shares through October 28, 2021 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.81% for the Investor Class and 1.56% for the Y Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Acquiring Trust’s Board. Under that agreement, the Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager’s own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or the time of the recoupment.
SSI is a California corporation that has been registered as an investment advisor with the SEC since January 1975 and has served as the sub-advisor to the Target Fund since its inception in May 2012, and will act as sub-advisor to the Acquiring Fund after the Reorganization. The address of the Sub-Advisor is 9440 Santa Monica Boulevard, 8th Floor, Beverly Hills, California 90210. SSI had approximately $1.8 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2018.
Resolute Investment Managers, Inc., the parent company of the Manager, expects to acquire a majority interest in the Sub-Advisor in the second calendar quarter of 2019. The Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and the Manager will enter into the Initial Agreement with the Sub-Advisor, which will become effective on the date of the Reorganization. In addition, the Acquiring Trust Board and the sole initial shareholder of the Acquiring Fund will be asked to approve the Replacement Agreement among the Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, the Manager, and the Sub-Advisor prior to the commencement of the Acquiring Fund’s operations. In connection with their proposed approval of the Replacement Agreement, the Acquiring Trust Board and the sole initial shareholder will be informed that: (i) other than planned retirements, the senior management at the Sub-Advisor will remain materially intact after the change in control; (ii) the Replacement Agreement includes the same terms and conditions as the Initial Agreement; (iii) the services provided by the Sub-Advisor to the Acquiring Fund and the fee rate paid by the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will be the same under the Replacement Agreement; and (iv) the individuals who provide portfolio management services to the Acquiring Fund under the Initial Agreement will remain the same after the change in control.
In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place prior to the Reorganization, the Initial Agreement will be executed after such acquisition and will remain in effect for an initial period of two years and thereafter from year to year provided that any such continuance is approved by the Acquiring Trust Board, including a majority of the independent trustees. In the event that the acquisition by RIM of an ownership interest in the Sub-Advisor takes place after the Reorganization, the acquisition would result in a change in control of the Sub-Advisor and the assignment and termination of the Initial Agreement. In that event, the Replacement Agreement would become effective upon the closing of the acquisition.
Pursuant to the Initial Agreement or the Replacement Agreement, as applicable, the Acquiring Fund has agreed to pay SSI an annualized sub-advisory fee that is calculated and accrued daily equal to 0.95% on the first $300 million and 0.85% on assets in excess of $300 million of the Acquiring Fund’s average daily net assets.
A discussion of the Acquiring Trust Board’s consideration and approval of the Management Agreement between the Acquiring Fund and the Manager, and the Initial Agreement or Replacement Agreement, as applicable, among the Acquiring Trust, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, the Sub-Advisor and the Manager, will be available in the Acquiring Fund’s annual report for the period ended June 30, 2019.
Information about the portfolio managers who are jointly and primarily responsible for overseeing the Funds’ investments is discussed in “Comparison of Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, Policies, and Management of the Funds” above. The SAI to this Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into
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this Proxy Statement, provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in the Target Fund.
Other Service Providers
State Street, located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as custodian for the Acquiring Fund. State Street also serves as the Acquiring Fund’s Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to rules adopted under the Investment Company Act, whereby it selects and monitors eligible foreign sub-custodians.
DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., located at 2000 Crown Colony Dr., Quincy, Massachusetts 02169, is the transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Acquiring Trust and provides these services to Acquiring Fund shareholders.
RID, located at 220 E. Las Colinas Blvd, Suite 1200, Irving, TX 75039, is the distributor and principal underwriter of Acquiring Fund’s shares.
Tax Considerations
The Acquiring Fund intends to make annual distributions that may be taxed to its shareholders as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or long-term capital gain. Certain distributions may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction when received by corporate shareholders. For a discussion of relevant tax matters please refer to Appendix C to this Proxy Statement.
Payments to Broker-Dealers And Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Acquiring Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Acquiring Fund and the Acquiring Fund’s distributor or Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Acquiring Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Acquiring Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your intermediary’s website for more information.
VOTING INFORMATION
Record Date, Voting Rights and Vote Required
Proxies are being solicited from the shareholders of the Target Fund by the IMST Trust Board for the Special Meeting to be held on April 18, 2019, at 2:00 p.m. Central Time at the office of Palmer Square, 1900 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 315, Mission Woods, Kansas 66205, or at such later time made necessary by adjournment. Unless revoked, all valid proxies will be voted in accordance with the specification thereon or, in the absence of specifications, “FOR” approval of the Plan.
February 8, 2019, has been established as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting and any adjournments thereof. Shareholders of record as of the Record Date will be entitled to one vote for each share held and to a proportionate fractional vote for each fractional share held. The total number of issued and outstanding shares of beneficial interest of each class of the Target Fund as of the Record Date is set forth below.
Outstanding Shares | Class A | Class I |
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund | [ ] | [ ] |
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Shareholders of record who own five percent or more of the Target Fund as of the Record Date are set forth on Appendix B to this Proxy Statement. Approval of the Plan will require the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of the Target Fund’s shares present at the Special Meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the Target Fund’s outstanding shares are present in person or represented by proxy; or (b) more than 50% of the Target Fund’s outstanding shares.
How to Vote
You may cast your vote by mail, via the internet, and by telephone as set forth below:
Mail: | To vote your proxy by mail, check the appropriate voting box on the reverse side of your proxy card(s), sign and date the card(s) and return it in the enclosed postage-prepaid envelope. If you sign, date and return the proxy card but give no voting instructions, the proxies will vote FOR the proposal. |
Internet: | The web address and instructions for voting online can be found on the enclosed proxy card(s). You will be required to provide your control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card(s). |
Phone: | Automated Touchtone: the toll-free number for automated touchtone telephone voting can be found on the enclosed proxy card(s). You must have the control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card(s). |
Representative: To cast your vote by phone with a proxy voting representative, call the toll-free number found on the enclosed proxy card(s). You will be required to provide your control number found on the reverse side of your proxy card(s).
Proxies
All proxies solicited by the IMST Trust Board that are properly executed and received by the Secretary prior to the Special Meeting, and are not revoked, will be voted at the Special Meeting. A proxy with respect to shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to its exercise the Target Fund receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of such persons. Shares represented by such proxies will be voted in accordance with the instructions thereon. If no specification is made on a proxy, it will be voted FOR the matters specified on the proxy.
You may revoke a proxy once it is given. If you desire to revoke a proxy, you must submit a subsequent later dated proxy or a written notice of revocation to Diane Drake, Secretary of the IMST Trust. You may also give written notice of revocation in person at the Special Meeting. Attendance by a shareholder at the Special Meeting does not, by itself, revoke a proxy.
Quorum and Adjournments
One-third of the outstanding shares of the Target Fund that are entitled to vote will be considered a quorum for the transaction of business. Any lesser number shall be sufficient for adjournments. If a quorum of shareholders of the Target Fund is not present at the Special Meeting, or if a quorum is present but sufficient votes to approve the Plan described in this Proxy Statement are not received, the persons named as proxies may, but are under no obligation to, propose one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting to permit further solicitation of proxies. Any business that might have been transacted at the Special Meeting with respect to the Target Fund may be transacted at any such adjourned session(s) at which a quorum is present. The persons designated as proxies may use their discretionary authority to vote on questions of adjournment and on any other proposals raised at the Special Meeting to the extent permitted by the SEC’s proxy rules, including proposals for which timely notice was not received, as set forth in the SEC’s proxy rules.
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Effect of Abstentions and Broker “Non-Votes”
Abstentions will be counted as shares present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present but will not be voted “FOR” or “AGAINST” any adjournment. Therefore, abstentions will have no effect on the outcome of a vote on adjournment. Abstentions also will not be counted as votes cast for purposes of determining whether sufficient votes have been received to approve the Plan. Accordingly, abstentions effectively will be a vote “AGAINST” the Plan. Because the proposal is expected to “affect substantially” a shareholder’s rights or privileges, a broker may not vote shares if the broker has not received instructions from beneficial owners or persons entitled to vote, even if the broker has discretionary voting power (i.e., the proposal is non-discretionary). As there are no proposals on which brokers may vote in their discretion on behalf of their clients, the Target Fund does not expect to receive any broker non-votes.
Solicitation of Proxies
The Target Fund expects that the solicitation of proxies will be primarily by mail and telephone. The solicitation also may include facsimile, Internet or oral communications by certain employees of Palmer Square, who will not be paid for these services. Palmer Square has retained Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. to aid in the solicitation of proxies, at an anticipated cost of approximately $20,000, plus expenses. The Manager and Palmer Square will bear all direct costs relating to the Reorganization, including the costs of seeking approval from the Target Fund’s shareholders of the Plan.
OTHER INFORMATION
Other Business
The IMST Trust Board knows of no other business to be brought before the Special Meeting. If any other matters come before the Special Meeting, the Board intends that proxies that do not contain specific restrictions to the contrary will be voted on those matters in accordance with the judgment of the persons named in the enclosed proxy card.
Next Meeting of Shareholders
The Target Fund does not hold regular meetings of shareholders. Shareholders wishing to submit proposals for inclusion in any proxy statement for a subsequent meeting of shareholders should send their written proposals to Diane Drake, Secretary of the IMST Trust, 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. Proposals must be delivered to the Secretary of the IMST Trust a reasonable time before we begin to print and send our proxy materials. Timely submission of a proposal does not necessarily mean that the proposal will be included.
Legal Matters
Certain legal matters concerning the issuance of shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization and the tax consequences of the Reorganization will be passed upon by K&L Gates LLP.
Information Filed With the SEC
The IMST Trust and the Acquiring Trust are subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the 1940 Act and in accordance therewith, file reports and other information, including proxy materials and charter documents, with the SEC. You also may obtain many of these documents by accessing the internet site for the IMST Trust at www.palmersquarefunds.com and the Acquiring Trust at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Text-only versions of all of the Trusts’ documents can be viewed online or downloaded from the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site at www.sec.gov. You can review and copy proxy material, reports and other information regarding the Funds by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room, Room 1580, 100 F Street NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the following regional offices of the SEC: Atlanta – 3475 Lenox Road, NE., Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30326; Boston – 33 Arch Street, 23rd Floor, Boston, MA 02110;
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Chicago – 175 West Jackson Blvd., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60604; Denver – 1801 California Street, Suite 1500, Denver, CO 80202; Fort Worth – Burnett Plaza, Suite 1900, 801 Cherry Street, Unit #18, Fort Worth, TX 76102; Los Angeles – 5670 Wilshire Boulevard, 11th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90036; Miami – 801 Brickell Ave., Suite 1800, Miami, FL 33131; New York – 3 World Financial Center, Suite 400, New York, NY 10281; Philadelphia – 701 Market Street, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19106; Salt Lake City – 15 W. South Temple Street, Suite 1800, Salt Lake City, UT 84101; and San Francisco – 44 Montgomery Street, Suite 2800, San Francisco, CA 94104. You can obtain copies, upon payment of a duplicating fee at prescribed rates, by sending an e-mail request to the Public Reference Branch, Office of Consumer Affairs and Information Services at the SEC at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the Public Reference Room at the address above. Information on the operations of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling 1-202-551-5850.
By Order of the Board of Trustees of Investment Managers Series Trust,
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-14/0000898432-19-000164/image0.jpg)
Diane Drake
Secretary
[ ], 2019
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APPENDIX A
FORM OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION
FORM OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION
THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION (“Agreement”) is made as of [DATE], among AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS, a Massachusetts business trust, with its principal place of business at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039 (“New Trust”), on behalf of American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund, a segregated portfolio of assets (“series”) thereof (“New Fund”), INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST, a Delaware statutory trust, with its principal place of business at 235 W. Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 (“Old Trust”), on behalf of its series, Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund (“Old Fund”), and, solely for purposes of paragraph 7, AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC., New Trust’s investment manager (“AmBeacon Manager”), and PALMER SQUARE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC, Old Fund’s investment adviser (“Palmer Square”). The New Trust and Old Trust are each sometimes referred to herein as an “Investment Company,” and, collectively, as the “Investment Companies,” and the New Fund and Old Fund are each sometimes referred to herein as a “Fund,” and, collectively, as the “Funds.” Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (1) all agreements, covenants, representations, warranties, actions, and obligations of and by each Fund, and of and by the Investment Company of which that Fund is a series, on its behalf, shall be the agreements, covenants, representations, warranties, actions, and obligations of that Fund only, (2) all rights and benefits created hereunder in favor of a Fund shall inure to and be enforceable by the Investment Company of which that Fund is a series on that Fund’s behalf, and (3) in no event shall any other series of an Investment Company or the assets thereof be held liable with respect to the breach or other default by a Fund or Investment Company of its agreements, covenants, representations, warranties, actions, and obligations set forth herein.
Each Investment Company wishes to effect a reorganization described in section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”) (all “section” references are to the Code, unless otherwise noted), and intends this Agreement to be, and adopts it as, a “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of the regulations promulgated under the Code (“Regulations”). The reorganization will involve Old Fund’s changing its identity, form, and place of organization ‑‑ by converting from a series of the Old Trust to a series of the New Trust ‑‑ by (1) transferring all its assets to New Fund (which is being established solely for the purpose of acquiring those assets and continuing Old Fund’s business) in exchange solely for voting shares of beneficial interest (“shares”) in New Fund and New Fund’s assumption of all of Old Fund’s Liabilities (defined below), (2) distributing those shares pro rata to Old Fund’s shareholders on a class-by-class basis in exchange for their shares therein and in complete liquidation thereof, and (3) terminating Old Fund, all on the terms and conditions set forth herein (all the foregoing transactions being referred to herein collectively as the “Reorganization”).
Each Investment Company’s board of trustees (each, a “Board”), in each case including a majority of its members who are not “interested persons” (as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”)) (“Non-Interested Persons”) of such Investment Company, (1) has duly adopted and approved this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, (2) has duly authorized performance thereof on its Fund’s behalf by all necessary Board action, and (3) has determined that participation in the Reorganization is in the best interests of the Fund that is a series thereof and, in the case of Old Fund, that the interests of the existing shareholders thereof will not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization.
Old Fund currently offers and has outstanding two classes of shares designated Class A shares and Class I shares (“Old Fund Class A Shares” and “Old Fund Class I Shares” respectively, and collectively, “Old Fund Shares”). New Fund will have multiple classes of shares, including two classes designated Investor Class shares and Y Class shares (“New Fund Investor Class Shares” and “New Fund Y Class Shares” respectively, and collectively, “New Fund Shares”); as part of the Reorganization, Old Fund Class A Shares will be exchanged for New Fund Investor Class Shares and Old Fund Class I Shares will be exchanged for New Fund Y Class Shares; and New Fund’s other class of shares (designated Institutional Class shares) will not be involved in the Reorganization and thus are not included in the term “New Fund Shares.” New Fund Investor Class Shares and New Fund Y Class Shares will have substantially similar characteristics to Old Fund Class A Shares and Old Fund Class I Shares, respectively. Immediately following the Closing (as defined in paragraph 3.1), the only issued and outstanding shares of New Fund will be the New Fund Investor Class shares and New Fund Y Class shares.
A-1
In consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the Investment Companies agree as follows:
1. PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION
1.1. Subject to the requisite approval of Old Fund’s shareholders and the terms and conditions set forth herein, Old Fund shall assign, sell, convey, transfer, and deliver all of its assets described in paragraph 1.2 (“Assets”) to New Fund. In exchange therefor, New Fund shall:
(a) | issue and deliver to Old Fund the number of full and fractional (all references herein to “fractional” shares meaning fractions rounded to the third decimal place) New Fund Investor Class Shares and New Fund Y Class Shares determined as set forth in paragraph 2.2, and |
(b) | assume all of Old Fund’s liabilities described in paragraph 1.3 (“Liabilities”). |
Those transactions shall take place at the Closing.
1.2 The Assets shall consist of all assets and property of every kind and nature – including, without limitation, all cash, cash equivalents, securities, commodities, futures interests, receivables (including interest and dividends receivable), claims and rights of action, rights to register shares under applicable securities laws, and books and records -- Old Fund owns at the Effective Time (as defined in paragraph 3.1) and any deferred and prepaid expenses shown as assets on Old Fund’s books at that time.
1.3 The Liabilities shall consist of all of Old Fund’s liabilities, debts, obligations, and duties existing at the Effective Time, whether known or unknown, contingent, accrued or otherwise excluding Reorganization Expenses (as defined in paragraph 4.1(aa)) borne by Palmer Square and AmBeacon Manager pursuant to paragraph 7. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Old Fund shall endeavor to discharge all its known liabilities, debts, obligations, and duties that are or will become due before the Effective Time.
1.4 At or before the Closing, New Fund shall redeem the Initial Share (as defined in paragraph 6.5) for the amount at which it is issued pursuant to paragraph 6.5. At the Effective Time (or as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable), Old Fund shall distribute all the New Fund Shares it receives pursuant to paragraph 1.1(a) to its shareholders of record determined at the Effective Time (each, a “Shareholder”), in proportion to their Old Fund Shares of the respective classes then held of record and in constructive exchange therefor, and shall completely liquidate (which shall be treated as a complete liquidation of Old Fund for federal tax purposes, within the meaning of section 1.368-2(m)(1)(iv) of the Regulations). That distribution shall be accomplished by New Trust’s transfer agent’s opening accounts on New Fund’s shareholder records in the Shareholders’ names and transferring those New Fund Shares thereto. Pursuant to that transfer, each Shareholder’s account shall be credited with the respective pro rata number of full and fractional New Fund Shares due that Shareholder, by class (i.e., the account for each Shareholder that holds Old Fund Class A Shares shall be credited with the respective pro rata number of full and fractional New Fund Investor Class Shares due that Shareholder, and the account for each Shareholder that holds Old Fund Class I Shares shall be credited with the respective pro rata number of full and fractional New Fund Y Class Shares due that Shareholder). The aggregate net asset value (“Net Asset Value”) of New Fund Investor Class Shares to be so credited to a Shareholder’s account shall equal the sum of (a) the aggregate Net Asset Value of the Old Fund Class A Shares that Shareholder holds at the Effective Time and (b) the aggregate Net Asset Value of New Fund Y Class Shares to be so credited to a Shareholder’s account shall equal the aggregate Net Asset Value of the Old Fund Class I Shares that Shareholder holds at the Effective Time. All issued and outstanding Old Fund Shares, including any represented by certificates, shall simultaneously be canceled on Old Fund’s shareholder records. New Trust shall not issue certificates representing the New Fund Shares issued in connection with the Reorganization.
1.5 Any transfer taxes payable on the issuance and transfer of New Fund Shares in a name other than that of the registered holder on Old Fund’s shareholder records of the Old Fund Shares actually or constructively exchanged therefor shall be paid by the transferee thereof, as a condition of that issuance and transfer.
A-2
1.6 Any reporting responsibility of Old Fund to a public authority, including the responsibility for filing regulatory reports, tax returns (for periods ending before the Effective Time), and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“Commission”), any state securities commission, any federal, state, and local tax authorities, and any other relevant regulatory authority, is and shall remain its responsibility up to and including the date on which it is terminated.
1.7 After the Effective Time, Old Fund shall not conduct any business except in connection with its termination. As soon as reasonably practicable after distribution of the New Fund Shares pursuant to paragraph 1.4, but in all events within six months after the Effective Time, (a) Old Fund shall be terminated as a series of Old Trust and (b) Old Trust shall make all filings and take all other actions in connection therewith necessary and proper to effect that termination.
2. VALUATION
2.1 The value of the Assets and the amount of the Liabilities shall be determined as of the time for calculation of net asset value as set forth in the then-current prospectus for the Old Fund, on the Closing Date (such time and date being hereinafter called the “Valuation Date”), computed using the valuation procedures established by the Board of Trustees of Old Trust that conform in valuation methodology in all material respects to those established by the Board of Trustees of New Trust. All computations of value and amounts shall be made by (a) UMB Fund Services, Inc. in its capacity as accounting agent for the Old Fund, or (b) in the case of securities subject to fair valuation, in accordance with the valuation procedures of Old Trust that conform in valuation methodology in all material respects to those used by New Trust. In the case of differences in valuation, the parties shall discuss in good faith to resolve on the Closing Date.
2.2. The net asset value per share of each class of New Fund Shares shall be determined using the valuation procedures adopted by New Trust. All computations of value shall be made by (a) State Street Bank and Trust Company, in its capacity as accounting agent for the New Fund, or (b) in the case of securities subject to fair valuation, in accordance with the valuation procedures adopted in good faith by the New Trust Board of Trustees.
2.3. The number of New Fund Shares to be issued in exchange for the net Assets attributable to Old Fund Shares shall be determined by dividing the value of the net assets of the respective class of Old Fund Shares, determined using the same valuation procedures referred to in paragraph 2.1, by the net asset value per share of the respective class of New Fund Shares, determined using the same valuation procedures referred to in paragraph 2.2.
3. CLOSING AND EFFECTIVE TIME
3.1 Unless the Investment Companies agree otherwise in writing, all acts necessary to consummate the Reorganization (“Closing”) shall be deemed to take place simultaneously as of immediately after the close of business (4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on [Date] (“Effective Time”). The Closing shall be held at New Trust’s offices or at such other place as to which the Investment Companies agree.
3.2 Old Trust shall cause the custodian of the Assets (“Old Custodian”) (a) to make Old Fund’s portfolio securities available to New Trust (or to its custodian (“New Custodian”), if New Trust so directs), for examination, no later than five business days preceding the Effective Time and (b) to transfer and deliver the Assets at the Effective Time to the New Custodian for New Fund’s account, as follows: (1) duly endorsed in proper form for transfer in such condition as to constitute good delivery thereof in accordance with the custom of brokers, (2) by book entry, in accordance with the Old Custodian’s customary practices and any securities depository (as defined in Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act) in which the Assets are deposited, in the case of Old Fund’s portfolio securities and instruments deposited with those depositories, and (3) by wire transfer of federal funds in the case of cash. Old Trust shall also direct the Old Custodian to deliver at the Closing a certificate of an authorized officer (“Certificate”) (a) stating that pursuant to proper instructions provided to the Old Custodian by Old Trust, the Old Custodian has delivered all of Old Fund’s portfolio securities, cash, and other Assets to the New Custodian for New Fund’s account and (b) attaching a schedule setting forth information (including adjusted basis and holding period, by lot) concerning the Assets. The New Custodian shall certify to New Trust that such information, as reflected on New Fund’s books immediately after the Effective Time, does or will conform to that information as so certified by the Old Custodian.
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3.3 Old Trust shall deliver, or shall direct its transfer agent to deliver, to New Trust at the Closing a Certificate, certified by Old Trust’s Secretary or Assistant Secretary or by its transfer agent, as applicable, listing (a) the Shareholders’ names and addresses, (b) the number of full and fractional outstanding Old Fund Shares of the relevant class each such Shareholder owns, identifying which shares are represented by outstanding certificates and which by book-entry accounts, (c) the dividend reinvestment elections, if any, applicable to each Shareholder, and (d) the backup withholding and nonresident alien withholding certifications, notices, or records on file with Old Trust with respect to each Shareholder, all at the Effective Time. New Trust shall direct its transfer agent to deliver to Old Trust at or as soon as reasonably practicable after the Closing a Certificate as to the opening of accounts on New Fund’s shareholder records in the names of the listed Shareholders and a confirmation, or other evidence satisfactory to Old Trust, that the New Fund Shares to be credited to Old Fund at the Effective Time have been credited to Old Fund’s account on those records at that time and thereafter transferred to the Shareholders’ accounts in accordance with paragraph 1.4.
3.4 Old Trust shall deliver to New Trust and AmBeacon Manager, within five days before the Closing, a Certificate listing each security, by name of issuer and number of shares, that is being carried on Old Fund’s books at an estimated fair market value provided by an authorized pricing vendor for Old Fund.
3.5 If requested by New Trust, Old Trust shall direct Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audits Old Fund’s books (“TWB”), and other applicable service providers to deliver at the Closing all work papers and supporting statements related to financial statements and tax returns, including those related to ASC 740-10-25 (formerly, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” FASB Interpretation No. 48, July 13, 2006), pertaining to Old Fund (collectively, “Work Papers”) for all fiscal and taxable periods ended on or before March 31, 2019, and, if relevant, for the period from March 31, 2019 through the Effective Time.
3.6 At the Closing, each Investment Company shall deliver to the other (a) bills of sale, checks, assignments, share certificates, receipts, and/or other documents the other Investment Company or its counsel reasonably requests and (b) a Certificate executed in its name by its President or a Vice President in form and substance satisfactory to the recipient, and dated the Effective Time, to the effect that the representations and warranties it made in this Agreement are true and correct at the Effective Time except as they may be affected by the transactions contemplated hereby.
4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
4.1 Old Trust, on Old Fund’s behalf, represents and warrants to New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, as follows:
(a) Old Trust (1) is a Delaware statutory trust that is duly created, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and its Certificate of Trust dated February 15, 2005, as amended on June 2, 2005 and December 5, 2007, and as corrected on November 23, 2009, and filed with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (“Secretary of State”) on February 15, 2005, June 2, 2005, December 5, 2007 and November 23, 2009, respectively, is on file with the Secretary of State, (2) is duly registered under the 1940 Act as an open-end management investment company, (3) has the power to own all its properties and assets and to carry on its business as described in its current registration statement on Form N-1A, and (4) other than the election to be treated as a RIC (as such term is defined in paragraph 4.1(l) below) under section 851, has never elected not to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation;
(b) Old Fund is a duly established and designated series of Old Trust;
(c) Old Trust’s execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized at the date hereof by all necessary action on the part of its Board; and this Agreement constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of Old Trust, with respect to Old Fund, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, receivership, moratorium, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally and general principles of equity;
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(d) At the Effective Time, Old Trust will have good and marketable title to the Assets for Old Fund’s benefit and full right, power, and authority to sell, assign, transfer, and deliver the Assets hereunder free of any liens or other encumbrances (except securities that are subject to “securities loans,” as referred to in section 851(b)(2), or that are restricted as to resale by their terms); and on delivery and payment for the Assets, New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, will acquire good and marketable title thereto, subject to no restrictions on the full transfer thereof, except restrictions that might arise under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”);
(e) Old Trust, with respect to Old Fund, is not currently engaged in, and its execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the Reorganization will not result in, (1) a conflict with or material violation of any provision of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, Old Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, dated March 5, 2014 (as amended, “Trust Agreement”), or Bylaws, dated February 15, 2005, as amended, or any agreement, indenture, instrument, contract, lease, or other undertaking (each, an “Undertaking”) to which Old Trust, on Old Fund’s behalf, is a party or by which it is bound or (2) the acceleration of any obligation, or the imposition of any penalty, under any Undertaking, judgment, or decree to which Old Trust, on Old Fund’s behalf, is a party or by which it is bound;
(f) At or before the Effective Time, either (1) all material contracts and other commitments of or applicable to Old Fund (other than this Agreement and certain investment contracts, including options, futures, forward contracts, and swap agreements) will terminate, or (2) provision for discharge and/or New Fund’s assumption of any liabilities of Old Fund thereunder will be made, without either Fund’s incurring any penalty with respect thereto and without diminishing or releasing any rights Old Trust may have had with respect to actions taken or omitted or to be taken by any other party thereto before the Closing;
(g) No litigation, administrative proceeding, action, or investigation of or before any court, governmental body, or arbitrator is presently pending or, to Old Trust’s knowledge, threatened against Old Trust, with respect to Old Fund or any of its properties or assets attributable or allocable to Old Fund, that, if adversely determined, would materially and adversely affect Old Fund’s financial condition or the conduct of its business; and Old Trust, on Old Fund’s behalf, knows of no facts that might form the basis for the institution of any such litigation, proceeding, action, or investigation and is not a party to or subject to the provisions of any order, decree, judgment, or award of any court, governmental body, or arbitrator that materially and adversely affects Old Fund’s business or Old Trust’s ability to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby;
(h) Old Fund has no known liabilities of a material nature, contingent or otherwise, other than those that are shown as belonging to it on its statement of assets and liabilities as of [March 31, 2019], and those incurred in the ordinary course of business as an investment company since such date. Old Fund’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities, Schedule of Investments, Statement of Operations, and Statement of Changes in Net Assets (each, a “Statement”) at and for the fiscal year (in the case of the last Statement, for the two fiscal years) ended [March 31, 2019], have been audited by TWB and are in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied in the United States (“GAAP”); and those Statements (copies of which Old Trust has furnished to New Trust), present fairly, in all material respects, Old Fund’s financial condition at their respective dates in accordance with GAAP and the results of its operations and changes in its net assets for the periods then ended, and there are no known contingent liabilities of Old Fund required to be reflected on a balance sheet (including the notes thereto) in accordance with GAAP at either such date that are not disclosed therein;
(i) Since [March 31, 2019], there has not been any material adverse change in Old Fund’s financial condition, assets, liabilities, or business, other than changes occurring in the ordinary course of business, or any incurrence by Old Fund of indebtedness maturing more than one year from the date that indebtedness was incurred (except indebtedness incurred in connection with certain investment contracts, including options, futures, forward contracts, and swap agreements); for purposes of this subparagraph, a decline in Net Asset Value per Old Fund Share due to declines in market values of securities Old Fund
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holds, the discharge of Old Fund liabilities, or the redemption of Old Fund Shares by its shareholders will not constitute a material adverse change;
(j) All federal and other tax returns, dividend reporting forms, and other tax-related reports (collectively, “Returns”) of Old Fund required by law to have been filed by the Effective Time (taking into account any properly and timely filed extensions of time to file) have been or will, prior to the Effective Time, be filed and are or will be correct in all material respects, and all federal and other taxes shown as due or required to be shown as due on those Returns will have been paid or provision will have been made for the payment thereof; to the best of Old Trust’s knowledge, no such Return is currently under audit and no assessment has been asserted with respect to those Returns;
(k) Old Fund (1) is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Regulations pertaining to (a) the reporting of dividends and other distributions with respect to, and redemptions of, its shares, (b) withholding in respect thereof, and (c) shareholder basis reporting, (2) has withheld in respect of those dividends and other distributions and paid to the proper taxing authorities all taxes required to have been withheld, and (3) is not liable for any material penalties that could be imposed thereunder;
(l) Old Fund is a “fund” (as defined in section 851(g)(2) ) that is treated as a corporation separate from each other series of Old Trust under section 851(g)(1); for each taxable year of its operation (including its current taxable year through the Effective Time), Old Fund has met (and for its current taxable year through the Effective Time will meet) the applicable requirements of Part I of Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Code (“Subchapter M”) for qualification as a “regulated investment company” (as defined in section 851(a)(1)) (“RIC”) and has been (and for its current taxable year through the Effective Time will be) eligible to compute, and has computed, its federal income tax under section 852; Old Fund has not at any time since its inception been liable for, and is not now liable for, any material income or excise tax pursuant to sections 852 or 4982 that has not been timely paid; and Old Fund has no earnings and profits accumulated in any taxable year in which the provisions of Subchapter M did not apply to it;
(m) All issued and outstanding Old Fund Shares are, and at the Effective Time will be, validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable by Old Trust and have been offered and sold in every state and the District of Columbia in compliance in all material respects with applicable registration requirements of the 1933 Act and state securities laws; all issued and outstanding Old Fund Shares will, at the Effective Time, be held by the persons and in the amounts set forth on Old Fund’s shareholder records (as provided in the Certificate to be delivered pursuant to paragraph 3.3); and Old Fund does not have outstanding any options, warrants, or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any Old Fund Shares, nor are there outstanding any securities convertible into any Old Fund Shares;
(n) Old Fund incurred the Liabilities, which are associated with the Assets, in the ordinary course of its business;
(o) Old Fund is not under the jurisdiction of a court in a “title 11 or similar case” (as defined in section 368(a)(3)(A)), although it may have claims against certain debtors in such a title 11 or similar case;
(p) On the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in paragraph 4.3(a)), at the time of the Shareholders Meeting (as defined in paragraph 5.2), and at the Effective Time, Old Fund’s current prospectus and statement of additional information did and will (1) conform in all material respects to the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and (2) not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (“Untrue Statement or Omission”);
(q) The information to be furnished by Old Trust for use in no-action letters, applications for orders, registration statements, proxy materials, and other documents filed or to be filed with any federal, state, or local regulatory authority (including the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”))
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that may be necessary in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby will be accurate and complete in all material respects and will comply in all material respects with federal securities laws and other laws and regulations; and the Registration Statement (other than written information provided by New Trust for inclusion therein) will, on its effective date, at the Effective Time, and at the time of the Shareholders Meeting, not contain any Untrue Statement or Omission;
(r) The Trust Agreement permits Old Trust to vary its shareholders’ investment; Old Trust does not have a fixed pool of assets; and each series thereof (including Old Fund) is a managed portfolio of securities, and Palmer Square and SSI Investment Management, Inc. (“SSI”), as Old Fund’s investment subadvisor, have the authority to buy and sell securities for Old Fund;
(s) Old Fund’s investment operations from inception to the date hereof have been in compliance in all material respects with the investment policies and investment restrictions set forth in its prospectus and statement of additional information, except as previously disclosed in writing to New Trust;
(t) The New Fund Shares to be delivered to Old Trust hereunder are not being acquired for the purpose of making any distribution thereof, other than in accordance with the terms hereof;
(u) Old Fund’s minute books and similar records made available to New Trust prior to the execution hereof contain a true and complete record in all material respects of all action taken at all meetings and by all written consents in lieu of meetings of the shareholders and of its Board and any committees of its Board; Old Fund’s shareholder records so made available accurately reflect all record transfers in Old Fund’s shares prior to the execution of this Agreement; and any other books and records of Old Fund so made available are true and correct in all material respects and contain no material omissions with respect to Old Fund’s business and operations;
(v) Old Trust has maintained with respect to Old Fund, in all material respects, all books and records required of a registered investment company in compliance with the requirements of section 31 of the 1940 Act and rules thereunder, and those books and records are true and correct in all material respects;
(w) Old Trust has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures in accordance with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act;
(x) Old Fund does not have any unamortized or unpaid organizational fees or expenses that have not previously been disclosed in writing to New Trust;
(y) Old Fund has not changed its taxable year-end since inception and will not change its taxable year-end prior to the Closing;
(z) None of the compensation received from Old Fund, Palmer Square, or any “affiliated person” (as defined in section 2(a)(3) of the 1940 Act) of (each, an “Affiliate”) either of them (each, an “Old Fund Group Member”) by any Shareholder who or that is an employee of or service provider to Old Fund will be separate consideration for, or allocable to, any of the Old Fund Shares that Shareholder holds; none of the New Fund Shares any such Shareholder receives will be separate consideration for, or allocable to, any employment agreement, investment advisory agreement, or other service agreement with any Old Fund Group Member; and the compensation paid to any such Shareholder by any Old Fund Group Member will be for services actually rendered and will be commensurate with amounts paid to third parties bargaining at arm’s-length for similar services; and
(aa) No expenses incurred by Old Fund or on its behalf in connection with the Reorganization will be paid or assumed by any Old Fund Group Member or, to Old Trust’s knowledge, any other person unless those expenses are solely and directly related to the Reorganization (determined in accordance with the guidelines set forth in Rev. Rul. 73-54, 1973-1 C.B. 187) (“Reorganization Expenses”), and no cash or property other than New Fund Shares will be transferred to Old Fund or any of its shareholders by any Old
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Fund Group Member or, to Old Trust’s knowledge, any other person with the intention that it be used to pay any expenses (even Reorganization Expenses) thereof.
(bb) Upon consummation of the Reorganization, Old Fund will have transferred to New Fund the same assets Old Fund held and New Fund will be subject to the same liabilities that Old Fund was subject to immediately before the Reorganization; and
(cc) Old Trust is undertaking the Reorganization for bona fide business purposes (and not a purpose to avoid federal income tax).
4.2 New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, represents and warrants to Old Trust, on Old Fund’s behalf, as follows:
(a) New Trust (1) is a trust operating under a written instrument or declaration of trust, the beneficial interest in which is divided into transferable shares, that is duly created, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (“Massachusetts”), and its Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, dated March 4, 2015 (“Declaration”), is on file with the Secretary of Massachusetts, (2) is duly registered under the 1940 Act as an open-end management investment company, (3) has the power to own all its properties and assets and to carry on its business as described in its current registration statement on Form N-1A, and (4) before January 1, 1997, “claimed” classification as an association taxable as a corporation and has never elected otherwise;
(b) At the Effective Time, New Fund will be a duly established and designated series of New Trust; New Fund has not commenced operations and will not do so until after the Closing; and, immediately before the Closing, New Fund will be a shell series of New Trust, without assets (except the amount paid for the Initial Share if it has not already been redeemed by that time) or liabilities, created for the purpose of acquiring the Assets, assuming the Liabilities, and continuing Old Fund’s business;
(c) New Trust’s execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized at the date hereof by all necessary action on the part of its Board; and this Agreement constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of New Trust, with respect to New Fund, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, receivership, moratorium, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally and general principles of equity;
(d) Before the Closing, there will be no (1) issued and outstanding New Fund Shares of any class, (2) options, warrants, or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any New Fund Shares, (3) securities convertible into any New Fund Shares, or (4) any other securities issued by New Fund, except the Initial Share;
(e) No consideration other than New Fund Shares (and New Fund’s assumption of the Liabilities) will be issued in exchange for the Assets in the Reorganization;
(f) New Trust, with respect to New Fund, is not currently engaged in, and its execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the Reorganization will not result in, (1) a conflict with or material violation of any provision of Massachusetts law, the Declaration or New Trust’s Bylaws, or any Undertaking to which New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, is a party or by which it is bound or (2) the acceleration of any obligation, or the imposition of any penalty, under any Undertaking, judgment, or decree to which New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, is a party or by which it is bound;
(g) No litigation, administrative proceeding, action, or investigation of or before any court, governmental body, or arbitrator is presently pending or, to New Trust’s knowledge, threatened against New Trust, with respect to New Fund or any of its properties or assets attributable or allocable to New Fund, that, if adversely determined, would materially and adversely affect New Fund’s financial condition or the conduct of its business; and New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, knows of no facts that might form the
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basis for the institution of any such litigation, proceeding, action, or investigation and is not a party to or subject to the provisions of any order, decree, judgment, or award of any court, governmental body, or arbitrator that materially and adversely affects New Fund’s business or New Trust’s ability to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby;
(h) New Fund is not (and will not be) classified as a partnership, and instead is (and will be) classified as an association that is taxable as a corporation, for federal tax purposes and either has elected (or will timely elect) the latter classification by filing Form 8832 with the Internal Revenue Service or is (and will be) a “publicly traded partnership” (as defined in section 7704(b)) that is treated as a corporation; New Fund has not filed any income tax return and will file its first federal income tax return after the completion of its first taxable year after the Effective Time as a RIC on Form 1120-RIC; until that time, New Fund will take all steps necessary to ensure that it is eligible and qualifies for taxation as a RIC under Subchapter M; from and after its commencement of operations, New Fund will be a “fund” (as defined in section 851(g)(2), eligible for treatment under section 851(g)(1)) and has not taken and will not take any steps inconsistent with its qualification as such; assuming that Old Fund will meet the requirements of Subchapter M for qualification as a RIC for the part of its taxable year through the Effective Time, New Fund will meet those requirements, and will be eligible to and will compute its federal income tax under section 852, for its taxable year in which the Reorganization occurs; and New Fund intends to continue to meet all those requirements, and to be eligible to and to so compute its federal income tax, for each subsequent taxable year;
(i) The New Fund Shares to be issued and delivered to Old Fund, for the Shareholders’ accounts, pursuant to the terms hereof, (1) will at the Effective Time have been duly authorized and duly registered under the federal securities laws, and appropriate notices respecting them will have been duly filed under applicable state securities laws, and (2) when so issued and delivered, will be duly and validly issued and outstanding New Fund Shares and will be fully paid and non-assessable by New Trust;
(j) There is no plan or intention for New Fund to be terminated, dissolved, or merged into another business or statutory trust or a corporation or any “fund” thereof (as defined in section 851(g)(2)) following the Reorganization;
(k) Immediately after the Effective Time, New Fund will not be under the jurisdiction of a court in a “title 11 or similar case” (as defined in section 368(a)(3)(A)), although it may have claims against certain debtors in such a title 11 or similar case;
(l) On the effective date of the Registration Statement, at the time of the Shareholders Meeting, and at the Effective Time, New Fund’s current prospectus and statement of additional information did and will (1) conform in all material respects to the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and (2) not contain any Untrue Statement or Omission except to the extent that any Untrue Statement or Omission is based on the information provided by the Old Fund to the New Fund in connection with the preparation of the New Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information;
(m) The information to be furnished by New Trust for use in no-action letters, applications for orders, registration statements, proxy materials, and other documents filed or to be filed with any federal, state, or local regulatory authority (including FINRA) that may be necessary in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby will be accurate and complete in all material respects and will comply in all material respects with federal securities laws and other laws and regulations; and the Registration Statement (other than written information provided by Old Trust for inclusion therein) will, on its effective date, at the Effective Time, and at the time of the Shareholders Meeting, not contain any Untrue Statement or Omission;
(n) The Declaration permits New Trust to vary its shareholders’ investment; New Trust does not have a fixed pool of assets; and each series thereof (including New Fund after it commences operations) is (or will be) a managed portfolio of securities, and AmBeacon Manager has and SSI, as New Fund’s investment sub-advisor, will have the authority to buy and sell securities for it;
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(o) None of the compensation received from New Fund, AmBeacon Manager, or any Affiliate of either of them (each, a “New Fund Group Member”) by any Shareholder who or that is an employee of or service provider to Old Fund will be separate consideration for, or allocable to, any of the Old Fund Shares that Shareholder holds; none of the New Fund Shares any such Shareholder receives will be separate consideration for, or allocable to, any employment agreement, investment advisory agreement, or other service agreement with any New Fund Group Member; and the compensation paid to any such Shareholder by any New Fund Group Member will be for services actually rendered and will be commensurate with amounts paid to third parties bargaining at arm’s-length for similar services;
(p) No expenses incurred by Old Fund or on its behalf in connection with the Reorganization will be paid or assumed by any New Fund Group Member or, to New Trust’s knowledge, any other person unless those expenses are Reorganization Expenses, and no cash or property other than New Fund Shares will be transferred to Old Fund or any of its shareholders by any New Fund Group Member or, to New Trust’s knowledge, any other person with the intention that it be used to pay any expenses (even Reorganization Expenses) thereof;
(q) Immediately following consummation of the Reorganization, the Shareholders will own all the New Fund Shares and will own those shares solely by reason of their ownership of the Old Fund Shares immediately before the Reorganization;
(r) New Trust is undertaking the Reorganization for bona fide business purposes (and not a purpose to avoid federal income tax); and
(s) Upon consummation of the Reorganization, New Fund will hold the same assets and be subject to the same liabilities that Old Fund held or was subject to immediately before the Reorganization.
4.3 Each Investment Company, on its Fund’s behalf, represents and warrants to the other Investment Company, on its Fund’s behalf, as follows:
(a) No governmental consents, approvals, authorizations, or filings are required under the 1933 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the 1940 Act, or Delaware (with respect to the Old Fund) or Massachusetts (with respect to the New Fund) laws, and no consents, approvals, authorizations, or orders of any court are required, for its execution or performance of this Agreement on its Fund’s behalf, except for (1) New Trust’s filing with the Commission of a registration statement on Form N-14 relating to the New Fund Shares issuable hereunder, and any supplement or amendment thereto, including therein a prospectus and proxy statement (“Registration Statement”), and the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, and (2) consents, approvals, authorizations, and filings that have been made or received or may be required after the Effective Time it being understood, however, that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein must be approved by the Shareholders at the Shareholders Meeting;
(b) The fair market value of the New Fund Shares each Shareholder receives will be equal to the fair market value of its Old Fund Shares it actually or constructively surrenders in exchange therefor;
(c) The Shareholders will pay their own expenses (such as fees of personal investment or tax advisers for advice regarding the Reorganization), if any, incurred in connection with the Reorganization;
(d) The fair market value and “adjusted basis” (within the meaning of section 1011) of the Assets will equal or exceed the Liabilities to be assumed by New Fund and those to which the Assets are subject; and
(e) The principal purpose of New Fund’s assumption of the Liabilities is not avoidance of federal income tax on the transaction.
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5. COVENANTS
5.1 Old Trust covenants to operate Old Fund’s business in the ordinary course between the date hereof and the Effective Time, it being understood that such ordinary course of business will include purchases and sales of portfolio securities and other instruments, sales and redemptions of Old Fund Shares, and regular and customary periodic dividends and other distributions.
5.2 Old Trust covenants to call and hold a meeting of Old Fund’s shareholders to consider and act on this Agreement and to take all other action reasonably necessary to obtain approval of the transactions contemplated hereby (“Shareholders Meeting”).
5.3 Old Trust covenants that it will assist New Trust in obtaining information New Trust reasonably requests concerning the beneficial ownership of Old Fund Shares.
5.4 Old Trust covenants that it will turn over its books and records pertaining to Old Fund (including all tax books and records and all books and records required to be maintained under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder) to New Trust at the Closing.
5.5 Each Investment Company covenants to cooperate with the other in preparing the Registration Statement in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws.
5.6 Each Investment Company covenants that it will, from time to time, as and when reasonably requested by the other, execute and deliver or cause to be executed and delivered all assignments and other instruments, and will take or cause to be taken any further action(s), the other Investment Company deems reasonably necessary or desirable in order to vest in, and confirm to, (a) New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, title to and possession of all the Assets and assumption of all the Liabilities, and (b) Old Trust, on Old Fund’s behalf, title to and possession of the New Fund Shares to be delivered hereunder, and otherwise to carry out the intent and purpose hereof.
5.7 New Trust covenants to use all reasonable efforts to obtain the approvals and authorizations required by the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act, and applicable state securities laws it deems appropriate to commence and continue New Fund’s operations after the Effective Time.
5.8 Old Trust covenants that, as promptly as practicable, but in any case within 60 days, after the Effective Time, it will furnish to New Trust, in a form reasonably satisfactory thereto, a Certificate stating Old Fund’s earnings and profits for federal income tax purposes and any capital loss carryovers and other items that will be carried over to New Fund pursuant to section 381.
5.9 It is each Investment Company’s intention that the Reorganization will qualify as a “reorganization” (as defined in section 368(a)(1)(F)), and in furtherance thereof, each Investment Company covenants that it will not take any action or cause any action to be taken (including the filing of any tax return) that is inconsistent with that treatment or results in the failure of the Reorganization to so qualify.
5.10 Old Trust covenants that it, if requested, will cause TWB to deliver to New Trust all Work Papers for all fiscal and taxable periods ended on or before [March 31, 2019], 60 days after that date and, if relevant, for the period from [March 31, 2019] through the Effective Time no later than the earlier of (a) 60 days after that date or (b) 15 days after the Effective Time.
5.11 Old Trust covenants to distribute all the New Fund Shares it receives in the Reorganization to the Shareholders in complete liquidation of Old Fund.
5.12 Subject to this Agreement, each Investment Company covenants to take or cause to be taken all actions, and to do or cause to be done all things, reasonably necessary, proper, or advisable to consummate and effectuate the transactions contemplated hereby.
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5.13 (a) The New Fund (solely out of the New Fund’s assets and property, including any amounts paid to the New Fund pursuant to any applicable liability insurance policies or indemnification agreements) agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Old Fund and the Old Fund’s Trustees and officers (collectively, “Old Fund Indemnified Persons”) from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (including, without limitation, the payment of reasonable legal fees and reasonable costs of investigation) to which the Old Fund or any Old Fund Indemnified Persons may become subject, insofar as any such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions with respect thereto) arises out of or is based on any material breach by the New Fund of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement.
(b) The Old Fund (solely out of the Old Fund’s assets and property, including any amounts paid to the Old Fund pursuant to any applicable liability insurance policies or indemnification agreements) agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the New Fund and the New Fund’s Trustees and officers (collectively, “New Fund Indemnified Persons”) from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (including, without limitation, the payment of reasonable legal fees and reasonable costs of investigation) to which the New Fund or any New Fund Indemnified Persons may become subject, insofar as any such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions with respect thereto) arises out of or is based on any material breach by the Old Fund of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement.
6. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
Each Investment Company’s obligations hereunder shall be subject to (a) performance by the other Investment Company of all its obligations to be performed hereunder at or before the Closing, (b) all representations and warranties of the other Investment Company contained herein being true and correct in all material respects at the date hereof and, except as they may be affected by the transactions contemplated hereby, at the Effective Time, with the same force and effect as if made at that time, and (c) the following further conditions that, at or before that time:
6.1 This Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been duly adopted and approved by both Boards and by Old Fund’s shareholders at the Shareholders Meeting;
6.2 All necessary filings shall have been made with the Commission and state securities authorities, and no order or directive shall have been received that any other or further action is required to permit the Investment Companies to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby. The Registration Statement shall have become effective under the 1933 Act, no stop orders suspending the effectiveness thereof shall have been issued, and, to each Investment Company’s best knowledge, no investigation or proceeding for that purpose shall have been instituted or be pending, threatened, or contemplated under the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act. The Commission shall not have issued an unfavorable report with respect to the Reorganization under section 25(b) of the 1940 Act nor instituted any proceedings seeking to enjoin consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby under section 25(c) of the 1940 Act. All consents, orders, and permits of federal, state, and local regulatory authorities (including the Commission and state securities authorities) either Investment Company deems necessary to permit consummation, in all material respects, of the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been obtained, except where failure to obtain same would not involve a risk of a material adverse effect on either Fund’s assets or properties;
6.3 At the Effective Time, no action, suit, or other proceeding shall be pending (or, to either Investment Company’s best knowledge, threatened to be commenced) before any court, governmental agency, or arbitrator in which it is sought to enjoin the performance of, restrain, prohibit, affect the enforceability of, or obtain damages or other relief in connection with, the transactions contemplated hereby;
6.4 The Investment Companies shall have received an opinion of K&L Gates LLP (“Counsel”) as to the federal income tax consequences mentioned below (“Tax Opinion”). In rendering the Tax Opinion, Counsel may rely as to factual matters, exclusively and without independent verification, on the representations and warranties made in this Agreement, which Counsel may treat as representations and warranties made to it (that, notwithstanding paragraph 8, shall survive the Closing), and in separate letters, if Counsel requests, addressed to it (collectively, “Representations”) and the Certificates delivered pursuant to paragraph 3.6(b). The Tax Opinion shall be substantially to the effect that ‑‑ based on the facts and assumptions stated therein and conditioned on the
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Representations’ being true and complete at the Effective Time and consummation of the Reorganization in accordance with this Agreement (without the waiver or modification of any terms or conditions hereof and without taking into account any amendment hereof that Counsel has not approved) ‑‑ for federal income tax purposes:
(a) New Fund’s acquisition of the Assets in exchange solely for New Fund Shares and its assumption of the Liabilities, followed by Old Fund’s distribution of those shares to the Shareholders actually or constructively in exchange for their Old Fund Shares and in complete liquidation of Old Fund, will qualify as a “reorganization” (as defined in section 368(a)(1)(F)), and each Fund will be “a party to a reorganization” (within the meaning of section 368(b));
(b) Old Fund will recognize no gain or loss on the transfer of the Assets to New Fund in exchange solely for New Fund Shares and New Fund’s assumption of the Liabilities or on the subsequent distribution of those shares to the Shareholders in exchange for their Old Fund Shares;
(c) New Fund will recognize no gain or loss on its receipt of the Assets in exchange solely for New Fund Shares and its assumption of the Liabilities;
(d) New Fund’s basis in each Asset will be the same as Old Fund’s basis therein immediately before the Reorganization, and New Fund’s holding period for each Asset will include Old Fund’s holding period therefor (except where New Fund’s investment activities have the effect of reducing or eliminating an Asset’s holding period);
(e) A Shareholder will recognize no gain or loss on the exchange of all its Old Fund Shares solely for New Fund Shares (including fractional shares to which they may be entitled) pursuant to the Reorganization;
(f) A Shareholder’s aggregate basis in the New Fund Shares (including fractional shares to which it may be entitled) it receives in the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate basis in its Old Fund Shares it actually or constructively surrenders in exchange for those New Fund Shares (including fractional shares to which it may be entitled), and its holding period for those New Fund Shares will include, in each instance, its holding period for those Old Fund Shares, provided the Shareholder holds them as capital assets at the Effective Time; and
(g) For purposes of section 381, New Fund will be treated just as Old Fund would have been treated if there had been no Reorganization. Accordingly, the Reorganization will not result in the termination of Old Fund’s taxable year, Old Fund’s tax attributes enumerated in section 381(c) will be taken into account by New Fund as if there had been no Reorganization, and the part of Old Fund’s last taxable year that began before the Reorganization will be included in New Fund’s first taxable year that ends after the Reorganization.
Notwithstanding subparagraphs (b) and (d), the Tax Opinion may state that no opinion is expressed as to the effect of the Reorganization on the Funds with respect to any Asset as to which any unrealized gain or loss is required to be recognized for federal income tax purposes on the termination or transfer thereof under a mark-to-market system of accounting;
6.5 Before the Closing, New Trust’s Board shall have authorized the issuance of, and New Trust shall have issued, one New Fund Share (“Initial Share”) to AmBeacon Manager or an affiliate thereof, in consideration of the payment of $10.00 (or other amount that Board determines), to vote on the investment management and sub-advisory contracts, service plan, and other agreements and plans referred to in paragraph 6.6 as may be required by applicable law and to take whatever action it may be required to take as New Fund’s sole shareholder. The Initial Share shall have been or will be redeemed by New Fund prior to the Closing for the price for which it was issued, and any price paid for the Initial Share shall at all times have been held by New Fund in a non-interest-bearing account;
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6.6 New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, shall have entered into, or adopted, as appropriate, an investment management contract, a sub-advisory contract or contracts and other agreements and plans necessary for New Fund’s operation as a series of an open-end management investment company. Each such contract, plan, and agreement shall have been approved by New Trust’s Board and, to the extent required by law (as interpreted by Commission staff positions), by its trustees who are Non-Interested Persons thereof and by AmBeacon Manager or its affiliate as New Fund’s sole shareholder;
6.7 All representations, covenants, and warranties of the New Fund contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof and as of the date of the Closing, with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the date of the Closing. The New Fund shall have delivered to the Old Fund on the date of the Closing a certificate executed in the New Fund’s name by the New Trust’s President or Vice President and its Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer, in form and substance satisfactory to the Old Fund and dated as of the date of the Closing, to such effect and as to such other matters as the Old Fund shall reasonably request;
6.8 All representations, covenants, and warranties of the Old Fund contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof and as of the date of the Closing, with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the date of the Closing. The Old Fund shall have delivered to the New Fund on the date of the Closing a certificate executed in the Old Fund’s name by the Old Trust’s President or Vice President and the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer, in form and substance satisfactory to the New Fund and dated as of the date of the Closing, to such effect and as to such other matters as the New Fund shall reasonably request;
6.9 New Trust, on behalf of the New Fund, shall have executed and delivered to Old Trust an Assumption of Liabilities dated as of the date of the Closing pursuant to which the New Fund will assume all of the Liabilities of the Old Fund not discharged prior to the date of the Closing Date in accordance with Section 1.3 of this Agreement;
6.10 Old Trust shall have duly executed and delivered to New Trust such bills of sale, assignments, certificates and other instruments of transfer as may be necessary or desirable to transfer all right, title and interest of the Old Fund in and to the Assets; and
6.11 At any time before the Closing, either Investment Company may waive any of the foregoing conditions (except those set forth in paragraphs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.4) if, in the judgment of its Board, that waiver will not have a material adverse effect on its Fund’s shareholders’ interests.
7. EXPENSES
7.1 Subject to complying with the representations and warranties contained in paragraphs 4.1(aa) and 4.2(p), Palmer Square and AmBeacon Manager shall bear the Reorganization Expenses as set forth herein. Each of Palmer Square and AmBeacon Manager shall bear 50% of the following Reorganization Expenses: (1) costs, including legal and accounting fees, associated with preparing, reviewing, and filing the Agreement and Old Fund’s proxy materials, (2) expenses incurred in connection with printing and mailing Old Fund’s proxy materials and the solicitation of proxies for the special meeting of Old Fund shareholders, (3) transfer agent and custodian conversion costs, and (4) transfer taxes for any foreign securities transferred pursuant to the Reorganization. Palmer Square’s pro-rata portion of legal fees associated with drafting the N-14 and other proxy materials shall be limited to $50,000. Palmer Square shall bear its own Reorganization Expenses not listed above, including (1) costs of preparing and filing Old Fund’s prospectus supplements, (2) costs associated with any meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Old Trust, and (3) Palmer Square’s travel and similar expenses in connection with the Reorganizations. AmBeacon Manager shall bear its own Reorganization Expenses not listed above, including (1) costs of preparing and filing New Fund’s registration statement, (2) costs associated with any meeting of the Board of Trustees of the New Trust, and (3) AmBeacon Manager’s travel and similar expenses in connection with the Reorganizations. Palmer Square and AmBeacon Manager shall remain liable for their respective shares of the Reorganization Expenses regardless of whether the transactions contemplated hereby occur, and this paragraph 7 shall survive the Closing (notwithstanding anything to the contrary in paragraph 8) and any termination of this Agreement pursuant to paragraph 9. Notwithstanding the foregoing, expenses shall be paid by the Fund directly incurring them if and to the extent that the payment thereof by another person would result in that Fund’s disqualification as a RIC or would prevent the Reorganization from qualifying as a tax-free reorganization.
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7.2 At the Closing, AmBeacon Manager and Palmer Square shall pay the estimated Reorganization Expenses to be paid by them pursuant to paragraph 7.1, and any remaining balance shall be paid by AmBeacon Manager and Palmer Square within ninety (90) days after the Closing.
8. ENTIRE AGREEMENT; NO SURVIVAL; CONFIDENTIALITY
8.1 Neither Investment Company has made any representation, warranty, or covenant not set forth herein, and this Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Investment Companies. Except where otherwise indicated in this Agreement and with respect to the indemnification obligations under paragraph 5.13, the representations, warranties, and covenants contained herein or in any document delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall not survive the Closing.
8.2 Each Fund agrees to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the other Fund all records and other information, including any information relating to portfolio holdings, of such other Fund and not to use such records and information for any purpose other than the performance of its duties under this Agreement; provided, however, that after prior notification of and written approval by such other Fund (which approval shall not be withheld if the disclosing Fund would be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities having proper jurisdiction, and which approval shall not be withheld unreasonably in any other circumstance), a Fund may disclose such records and/or information as so approved.
9. TERMINATION
This Agreement may be terminated at any time at or before the Closing:
9.1 By either Investment Company (a) in the event of the other Investment Company’s material breach of any representation, warranty, or covenant contained herein to be performed at or before the Closing if not cured within 30 days or, in the sole discretion of the non-breaching Investment Company’s Board, prior to the Closing, (b) if a condition to its obligations has not been met and it reasonably appears that that condition will not or cannot be met, (c) if a governmental body issues an order, decree, or ruling having the effect of permanently enjoining, restraining, or otherwise prohibiting consummation of the Reorganization, (d) its Board determines that the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein is not in the best interest of the party, and to give notice to the other party hereto, or (e) if the Closing has not occurred on or before [TBD], or such other date as to which the Investment Companies agree;
9.2 By the Investment Companies’ mutual agreement; or
9.3 By either Investment Company, in the event that the Old Fund does not receive the requisite shareholder approval of the Reorganization.
In the event of termination under paragraphs 9.1(b), (c), (d) or (e), 9.2 or 9.3, neither Investment Company (nor its trustees, officers, shareholders, agents or employees) shall have any liability to the other Investment Company.
10. AMENDMENTS
The Investment Companies may amend, modify, or supplement this Agreement at any time in any manner they mutually agree on in writing, notwithstanding Old Fund’s shareholders’ approval thereof; provided that, following that approval no such amendment, modification, or supplement shall have a material adverse effect on the Shareholders’ interests.
11. SEVERABILITY
Any term or provision hereof that is invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to that jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of that invalidity or unenforceability without rendering invalid or
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unenforceable the remaining terms and provisions hereof or affecting the validity or enforceability of any of the terms and provisions hereof in any other jurisdiction.
12. MISCELLANEOUS
12.1 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of Massachusetts, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws; provided that, in the case of any conflict between those laws and the federal securities laws, the latter shall govern.
12.2 Nothing expressed or implied herein is intended or shall be construed to confer on or give any person, firm, trust, or corporation other than New Trust, on New Fund’s behalf, or Old Trust, on Old Fund’s behalf, and their respective successors and assigns any rights or remedies under or by reason of this Agreement.
12.3 Notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed and delivered on behalf of each Investment Company’s trustees solely in their capacities as trustees, and not individually, and that each Investment Company’s obligations under this instrument are not binding on or enforceable against any of its trustees, officers, shareholders, agents or employees or series other than its Fund but are only binding on and enforceable against its property attributable to and held for the benefit of its Fund (“Fund’s Property”) and not its property attributable to and held for the benefit of any other series thereof. Each Investment Company, in asserting any rights or claims under this Agreement on its or its Fund’s behalf, shall look only to the other Fund’s Property in settlement of those rights or claims and not to the property of any other series of the other Investment Company or to those trustees, officers, shareholders, agents or employees.
12.4 This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement, and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been executed by each Investment Company and delivered to the other Investment Company. The headings contained herein are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation hereof.
[Signatures on following page]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each party has caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered by its duly authorized officer as of the day and year first written above.
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS, on behalf of its series, American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund | |||
By: | |||
Gene L. Needles, Jr. | |||
President | |||
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST, on behalf of its series, Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund | |||
By: | |||
Name | |||
Title |
Solely for purposes of paragraph 7,
PALMER SQUARE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
PALMER SQUARE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
By: | ||
Name | ||
Title | ||
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC. | ||
By: | ||
Jeffrey K. Ringdahl | ||
President and Chief Operating Officer |
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APPENDIX B
OWNERSHIP OF SHARES OF THE TARGET FUND
OWNERSHIP OF SHARES OF THE TARGET FUND
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of shares of the Target Fund. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities of the Target Fund in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Target Fund. The actions of an entity or person that controls the Target Fund could have an effect on other shareholders. For instance, a control person may have effective voting control over the Target Fund or large redemptions by a control person could cause the Target Fund’s other shareholders to pay a higher pro rata portion of the Target Fund’s expenses.
As of the Record Date, the Target Fund’s shareholders of record and/or beneficial owners (to the IMST Trust’s knowledge) who owned 5% or more of any class of the Target Fund’s shares are set forth below. [The shareholders listed below are owners of record, holding such shares for the accounts of certain of their customers.]
Class of Fund | Name and Address | % of Shares | % of Fund (listed if over 25%) |
[ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
[As of the Record Date, the Officers and Trustees of the IMST Trust, as a group, owned of record or beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding voting securities of the Target Fund.]
Because the Acquiring Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Proxy Statement, as of the Record Date, there were no shareholders of record that owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of the Acquiring Fund and the Officers and Trustees of the Acquiring Trust, as a group, did not own any shares of the Acquiring Fund.
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APPENDIX C
VALUATION, PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND TAX INFORMATION FOR THE ACQUIRING FUND
VALUATION, PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND TAX INFORMATION FOR THE ACQUIRING FUND
References to the “Fund” in this Appendix C are to the Acquiring Fund
Valuation of Acquiring Fund Shares
The price of the Fund’s shares is based on its net asset value (“NAV”). The Fund’s NAV per share is computed by adding total assets, subtracting all of the Fund’s liabilities, and dividing the result by the total number of shares outstanding.
The NAV per share of each class of the Fund’s shares is determined based on a pro rata allocation of the Fund’s investment income, expenses and total capital gains and losses. The Fund’s NAV per share is determined each business day as of the regular close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), which is typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. However, if trading on the NYSE closes at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the Fund’s NAV per share typically would still be determined as of the regular close of trading on the NYSE. The Fund does not price its shares on days that the NYSE is closed. Foreign exchanges may permit trading in foreign securities on days when the Fund is not open for business, which may result in the value of the Fund’s portfolio investments being affected at a time when you are unable to buy or sell shares.
Equity securities and certain derivative instruments that are traded on an exchange are valued based on market value. Certain derivative instruments (other than short-term securities) usually are valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service. The price of debt securities generally is determined using pricing services or quotes obtained from broker/dealers who may consider a number of inputs and factors, such as comparable characteristics, yield curve, credit spreads, estimated default rates, coupon rates, underlying collateral and estimated cash flow. Investments in other mutual funds are valued at the closing NAV per share of the mutual funds on the day of valuation. Equity securities, including shares of closed-end funds and ETFs, are valued at the last sale price or official closing price.
The valuation of securities traded on foreign markets and certain fixed income securities will generally be based on prices determined as of the earlier closing time of the markets on which they primarily trade, unless a significant event has occurred. When the Fund holds securities or other assets that are denominated in a foreign currency, the Fund will normally use the currency exchange rates as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.
Securities may be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith and pursuant to procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, under certain limited circumstances. For example, fair value pricing will be used when market quotations are not readily available or reliable, as determined by the Manager, such as when (i) trading for a security is restricted or stopped; (ii) a security’s trading market is closed (other than customary closings); or (iii) a security has been de-listed from a national exchange. A security with limited market liquidity may require fair value pricing if the Manager determines that the available price does not reflect the security’s true market value. In addition, if a significant event that the Manager determines to affect the value of one or more securities held by the Fund occurs after the close of a related exchange but before the determination of the Fund’s NAV per share, fair value pricing may be used on the affected security or securities. Securities of small-capitalization companies are also more likely to require a fair value determination using these procedures because they are more thinly traded and less liquid than the securities of larger capitalization companies. The Fund may fair value securities as a result of significant events occurring after the close of the foreign markets in which it invests. In addition, the Fund may invest in illiquid securities requiring these procedures.
Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Manager compares the new market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fund’s fair valuation procedures. If any significant discrepancies are found, the Manager may adjust the Fund’s fair valuation
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procedures. You may view the Fund’s most recent NAV per share at www.americanbeaconfunds.com by clicking on ‘‘Quick Links’’ and then ‘‘Daily NAVs.’’
Portfolio Holdings
A complete list of the Fund’s holdings will be made available on the Fund’s website on a quarterly basis approximately sixty days after the end of each calendar quarter and will remain available for six months thereafter. A list of the Fund’s ten largest holdings will be made available on the Fund’s website on a quarterly basis. The ten largest holdings of the Fund will generally be posted to the website approximately fifteen days after the end of each calendar quarter and remain available until the next quarter. To access the holdings information, go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com. The Fund’s ten largest holdings may also be accessed by selecting the Fund’s fact sheet.
A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI, which you may access on the Fund’s website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com or call 1-800-658-5811 to request a free copy.
Redemptions In Kind
Although the Fund intends to redeem shares in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets. However, shareholders always will be entitled to redeem shares for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of the Fund during any 90-day period. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. In addition, to the extent the Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
Frequent Trading and Market Timing
Frequent trading by Fund shareholders poses risks to other shareholders in the Fund, including (i) the dilution of the Fund’s NAV per share, (ii) an increase in the Fund’s expenses, and (iii) interference with the portfolio manager’s ability to execute efficient investment strategies. Frequent, short-term trading of Fund shares in an attempt to profit from day-to-day fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV per share is known as market timing.
The Fund’s Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures intended to discourage frequent trading and market timing. Shareholders may transact one ‘‘round trip’’ in the Fund in any rolling 90-day period. A ‘‘round trip’’ is defined as two transactions, each in an opposite direction. A round trip may involve either (i) a purchase or exchange into the Fund followed by a redemption or exchange out of the Fund or (ii) a redemption or exchange out of the Fund followed by a purchase or exchange into the Fund. If the Manager detects that a shareholder has exceeded one round trip in the Fund in any rolling 90-day period, the Manager, without prior notice to the shareholder, may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases of the Fund. In general, the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, terminate the exchange privilege, or liquidate the account of any shareholder that the Manager determines has engaged in frequent trading or market timing, regardless of whether the shareholder’s activity violates any policy stated in this Proxy Statement. Additionally, the Manager may in its discretion, reject any purchase or exchange into the Fund from any individual investor, institutional investor, or group whose trading activity could disrupt the management of the Fund or dilute the value of the Fund’s shares, including collective trading (e.g., following the advice of an investment newsletter). Such investors may be barred from future purchases of American Beacon Funds.
The round-trip limit does not apply to the following transaction types:
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· | shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and other distributions; |
· | systematic purchases and redemptions; |
· | shares redeemed to return excess IRA contributions; or |
· | certain transactions made within a retirement or employee benefit plan, such as payroll contributions, minimum required distributions, loans, and hardship withdrawals, or other transactions that are initiated by a party other than the plan participant. |
Financial intermediaries that offer Fund shares, such as broker-dealers, third-party administrators of retirement plans, and trust companies, will be asked to enforce the Fund’s policies to discourage frequent trading and market timing by investors. However, certain intermediaries that offer Fund shares have informed the Fund that they are currently unable to enforce the Fund’s policies on an automated basis. In those instances, the Manager will monitor trading activity of the intermediary in an attempt to detect patterns of activity that indicate frequent trading or market timing by underlying investors. In some cases, intermediaries that offer Fund shares have their own policies to deter frequent trading and market timing that differ from the Fund’s policies. The Fund may defer to an intermediary’s policies. For more information, please contact the financial intermediary through which you invest in the Fund.
The Manager monitors trading activity in the Fund to attempt to identify shareholders engaged in frequent trading or market timing. The Manager may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time. The ability of the Manager to detect frequent trading and market timing activity by investors who own shares through an intermediary is dependent upon the intermediary’s provision of information necessary to identify transactions by the underlying investors. The Fund has entered into agreements with the intermediaries that service the Fund’s investors, pursuant to which the intermediaries agree to provide information on investor transactions to the Fund and to act on the Fund’s instructions to restrict transactions by investors who the Manager has identified as having violated the Fund’s policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing.
Wrap programs offered by certain intermediaries may be designated ‘‘Qualified Wrap Programs’’ by the Fund based on specific criteria established by the Fund and a certification by the intermediary that the criteria have been met. A Qualified Wrap Program is a wrap program whose sponsoring intermediary: (i) certifies that it has investment discretion over $50 million or more in client assets invested in mutual funds at the time of the certification, (ii) certifies that it directs transactions in accounts participating in the wrap program(s) in concert with changes in a model portfolio, (iii) provides the Manager a description of the wrap program(s), and (iv) managed by an intermediary that agrees to provide the Manager sufficient information to identify individual accounts in the intermediary’s wrap program(s). For purposes of applying the round-trip limit, transactions initiated by clients invested in a Qualified Wrap Program will not be matched to transactions initiated by the intermediary sponsoring the Qualified Wrap Program. For example, a client’s purchase of the Fund followed within 90 days by the intermediary’s redemption of the same Fund would not be considered a round trip. However, transactions initiated by a Qualified Wrap Program client are subject to the round-trip limit and will be matched to determine if the client has exceeded the round-trip limit. In addition, the Manager will monitor transactions initiated by Qualified Wrap Program intermediaries to determine whether any intermediary has engaged in frequent trading or market timing. If the Manager determines that an intermediary has engaged in activity that is harmful to the Fund, the Manager will revoke the intermediary’s Qualified Wrap Program status. Upon termination of status as a Qualified Wrap Program, all account transactions will be matched for purposes of testing compliance with the Fund’s frequent trading and market timing policies.
The Fund reserves the right to modify the frequent trading and market timing policies and procedures and grant or eliminate waivers to such policies and procedures at any time without advance notice to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing will have the intended effect or that the Manager will be able to detect frequent trading and market timing.
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Purchase and Redemption of Shares
Eligibility
If the Plan is approved, the Investor Class and Y Class shares offered by this Proxy Statement will be distributed to shareholders of the Target Fund’s Class A and Class I shares, respectively. The Acquiring Trust does not accept accounts registered to foreign individuals or entities, including foreign correspondent accounts. The Fund does not conduct operations and is not offered for purchase outside of the United States.
Subject to your eligibility, you may invest in the Fund directly or through intermediary organizations, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, plan sponsors, third party administrators, and retirement plans.
If you invest directly with the Fund, the fees and policies with respect to the Fund’s shares that are outlined in this Proxy Statement are set by the Fund. The Manager and the Fund are not responsible for determining the suitability of the Fund or a share class for any investor.
If you invest through a financial intermediary, most of the information you will need for managing your investment will come from your financial intermediary. This includes information on how to buy, sell and exchange shares of the Fund. If you establish an account through a financial intermediary, the investment minimums described in this section may not apply. Investors investing in the Fund through a financial intermediary should consult with their financial intermediary to ensure they obtain all information regarding the Acquiring Fund. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary also may charge fees that are in addition to those described in this Proxy Statement. Please contact your intermediary for information regarding investment minimums, how to purchase and redeem shares and applicable fees.
Minimum Investment Amount by Share Class
New Account | Existing Account | ||
Share Class | Minimum Initial Investment Amount | Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange | Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
Investor | $2,500 | $50 | $250 |
Y | $100,000 | $50 | None |
Investor Class shares are offered to retail investors who invest directly through a financial intermediary, such as a broker, or through employee directed benefit plans. Investor Class shares are also available to traditional IRA and Roth IRA shareholders investing directly in the Fund. The minimum investment is $2,500. A traditional IRA or Roth IRA invested directly will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15.00 by the Custodian. The Manager may allow a reasonable period of time after opening an account for a Y Class investor to meet the initial investment requirement. In addition, for investors such as trust companies and financial advisors who make investments for a group of clients, the minimum initial investment can be met through aggregated purchase orders for more than one client. Investor Class and Y Class shares are also available to shareholders who were formerly shareholders of the Target Fund prior to its reorganization into the Acquiring Fund.
Opening an Account
You may open an account through your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. Please contact your financial intermediary for more information on how to open an account. Shares you purchase through your broker-dealer will normally be held in your account with that firm.
To open an account directly with the Fund, a completed, signed application is required. You may obtain an account application from the Fund’s website www.americanbeaconfunds.com or by calling 1-800-658-5811.
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Complete the application, sign it and send it:
Regular Mail to: American Beacon Funds P.O. Box 219643 Kansas City, MO 64121-9643 | For Overnight Delivery: American Beacon Funds c/o DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. 330 West 9th Street Kansas City, MO 64105 (800) 658-5811 |
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an account, you will be asked for information that will allow the Fund or your financial institution to identify you. Non-public corporations and other entities may be required to provide articles of incorporation, trust or partnership agreements, and taxpayer identification numbers on the account or other documentation. The Fund is required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided.
The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a shareholder’s account at the current day’s NAV per share and remit proceeds via check if the Fund or a financial institution is unable to verify the shareholder’s identity within three days of account opening.
Purchase Policies
Shares of the Fund are offered and purchase orders are typically accepted until 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) on each day on which the NYSE is open for business. If a purchase order is received by the Fund in good order prior to the Fund’s deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share next determined on that day. If a purchase order is received in good order after the applicable deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share of the following day that the Fund is open for business. Shares of the Fund will only be issued against full payment, as described more fully in this Proxy Statement and SAI.
The Fund has authorized certain third party financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, third-party administrators and trust companies, to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund and to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund. The Fund is deemed to have received such orders when they are received by the financial intermediaries or their designees. Thus, an order to purchase or sell Fund shares will be priced at the Fund’s next determined NAV per share after receipt by the financial intermediary or its designee. It is the responsibility of your broker-dealer or financial intermediary to transmit orders that will be received by the Fund in proper form and in a timely manner. The Fund is not responsible for the failure of a broker-dealer or financial intermediary to transmit a purchase order in proper form and in a timely manner.
Fund shares may be purchased only in U.S. States and Territories in which they can be legally sold. Prospective investors should inquire as to whether shares of the Fund are available for offer and sale in their jurisdiction. The Fund reserves the right to refuse purchases if, in the judgment of the Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund has the right to reject any purchase order or cease offering any or all classes of shares at any time. Checks to purchase shares are accepted subject to collection at full face value in U.S. funds and must be drawn in U.S. dollars on a U.S. bank. The Fund will not accept ‘‘starter’’ checks, credit card checks, money orders, cashier’s checks, or third-party checks.
If your payment is not received and collected, your purchase may be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund or the Manager has incurred. Under applicable anti-money laundering regulations and other federal regulations, purchase orders may be suspended, restricted or canceled and the monies may be withheld.
Please refer to the section titled ‘‘Frequent Trading and Market Timing’’ for information on the Fund’s policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
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Redemption Policies
If you purchased shares of the Fund through your financial intermediary, please contact your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary to sell shares of the Fund.
The redemption price will be the NAV per share next determined after a redemption request is received in good order. In order to receive the redemption price calculated on a particular business day, redemption requests must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first).
Wire proceeds from redemption requests received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) generally are transmitted to shareholders on the next day the Fund is open for business. In any event, proceeds from a redemption request will typically be transmitted to a shareholder by no later than seven days after the receipt of a redemption request in good order. Delivery of proceeds from shares purchased by check or pre-authorized automatic investment may be delayed until the funds have cleared, which may take up to ten days.
The Fund reserves the right to suspend redemptions or postpone the date of payment for more than seven days (i) when the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) when trading on the NYSE is restricted; (iii) when the SEC determines that an emergency exists so that disposal of the Fund’s investments or determination of its NAV per share is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) by order of the SEC for protection of the Fund’s shareholders.
Although the Fund intends to redeem shares by paying out available cash, cash generated by selling portfolio holdings (including cash equivalent portfolio holdings), or funds borrowed through the Fund’s interfund credit facility, in stressed market conditions and other appropriate circumstances, the Fund reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by borrowing funds from external parties or distributing securities or other assets held by the Fund. To the extent that the Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
Please refer to the section titled ‘‘Frequent Trading and Market Timing’’ for information on the Fund’s policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Exchange Policies
If you purchased shares of the Fund through your financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary to determine if you may take advantage of the exchange policies described in this section and for its policies to effect an exchange.
Shares of any class of the Fund may be exchanged for shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund under certain limited circumstances. Since an exchange involves a concurrent redemption and purchase, please review the sections titled ‘‘Redemption Policies’’ and ‘‘Purchase Policies’’ for additional limitations that apply to redemptions and purchases.
If Fund shares were purchased by check, a shareholder must have owned those shares for at least ten days prior to exchanging out of the Fund and into another fund.
The eligibility and minimum investment requirement must be met for the class into which the shareholder is exchanging. Fund shares may be acquired through exchange only in U.S. states and Territories in which they can be legally sold. The Fund reserves the right to charge a fee and to modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time. The Fund reserves the right to refuse exchange requests if, in the judgment of the Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. Please refer to the section titled “Frequent Trading and Market Timing” for information on the Fund’s policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
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Shares of any class of the Fund may be converted to shares of another class of the Fund under certain limited circumstances. For federal income tax purposes, the conversion of shares of one share class of the Fund to shares of a different share class of the Fund will not result in the realization of a capital gain or loss. However, as noted above, an exchange of shares of the Fund for shares of a different American Beacon Fund generally is considered a redemption and a concurrent purchase, respectively, and thus may result in the realization of capital gain or loss for those purposes.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
For certain share classes the Fund and/or the Manager (and/or the Manager’s affiliates), at their own expense, may pay compensation to financial intermediaries for shareholder-related services and, if applicable, distribution-related services, including administrative, sub-transfer agency type, recordkeeping and shareholder communication services. For example, compensation may be paid to make Fund shares available to sales representatives and/or customers of a fund supermarket platform or similar program sponsor or for services provided in connection with such fund supermarket platforms and programs.
The amount of compensation paid to different financial intermediaries may differ. The compensation paid to a financial intermediary may be based on a variety of factors, including average assets under management in accounts distributed and/or serviced by the financial intermediary, gross sales by the financial intermediary and/or the number of accounts serviced by the financial intermediary that invest in the Fund. To the extent that the Fund pays any such compensation, it is designed to compensate the financial intermediary for providing services that would otherwise be provided by the Manager, the Fund or its transfer agent. To the extent the Manager or its affiliates pay such compensation, it would likely include amounts from that party’s own resources and constitute what is sometimes referred to as ‘‘revenue sharing.’’
Compensation received by a financial intermediary from the Fund, the Manager or an affiliate of the Manager may include payments for marketing and/or training expenses incurred by the financial intermediary, including expenses incurred by the financial intermediary in educating (itself and) its salespersons with respect to Fund shares. For example, such compensation may include reimbursements for expenses incurred in attending educational seminars regarding the Fund, including travel and lodging expenses. It may also cover costs incurred by financial intermediaries in connection with their efforts to sell Fund shares, including costs incurred compensating (registered) sales representatives and preparing, printing and distributing sales literature.
Any compensation received by a financial intermediary, whether from the Fund or the Manager and/or its affiliates, and the prospect of receiving it may provide the financial intermediary with an incentive to recommend the shares of the Fund, or a certain class of shares of the Fund, over other potential investments. Similarly, the compensation may cause financial intermediaries to elevate the prominence of the Fund within its organization by, for example, placing it on a list of preferred funds. You can contact your financial intermediary for details about any such payments it receives from the Manager, its affiliates and/or the Fund, or any other fees, expenses, or commissions your financial intermediary may charge you in addition to those disclosed in this Proxy Statement.
Additional Payments With Respect to Y Class Shares
Y Class shares may also be available on brokerage platforms of firms that have agreements with the Fund’s distributor to offer such shares solely when acting as an agent for the investor. An investor transacting in Y Class shares in these programs may be required to pay a commission and/or other forms of compensation to the broker. Shares of the Fund are available in other share classes that have different fees and expenses. No such commission or other form of compensation to the broker will apply to Y Class shares that a Target Fund shareholder receives in connection with the Reorganization.
How to Purchase, Redeem or Exchange Shares
If your account is through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, please contact them directly to purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Fund. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary can help you open a new account, review your financial needs and formulate long-term investment goals and objectives. Your broker-dealer
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or financial intermediary will transmit your request to the Fund and may charge you a fee for this service. Dealers, other financial intermediaries or fiduciaries purchasing shares for their customers are responsible for determining the suitability of a particular share class for an investor. You should include the following information with any order:
· | Your name/account registration |
· | Your account number |
· | Type of transaction requested |
· | Fund name(s) and fund numbers |
· | Dollar amount or number of shares |
Transactions for direct shareholders are conducted through:
Internet | www.americanbeaconfunds.com | |
Phone | To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1 Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class Only) | |
American Beacon Funds PO Box 219643 Kansas City, MO 64121-9643 | Overnight Delivery: American Beacon Funds c/o DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. 330 West 9th Street Kansas City, MO 64105 |
Purchases by Wire:
Send a bank wire to State Street Bank and Trust Co. with these instructions:
· | ABA# 0110-0002-8; AC-9905-342-3, |
· | Attn: American Beacon Funds |
· | the fund name and fund number, and |
· | shareholder account number and registration. |
New Account | Existing Account | ||
Share Class | Minimum Initial Investment Amount | Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange | Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
Investor | $2,500 | $50 | $250 |
Y | $100,000 | $50 | None |
Redemption Proceeds will be mailed to the account of record or transmitted to the commercial bank designated on the account application form.
Supporting documents may be required for redemptions by estates, trusts, guardianships, custodians, corporations, and welfare, pension and profit sharing plans. Redemption requests must also include authorized signature(s) of all persons required to sign for the account. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions.
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To protect the Fund(s) and your account from fraud, a STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantee is required for redemption orders:
· | with a request to send the proceeds to an address or commercial bank account other than the address or commercial bank account designated on the account application, or |
· | for an account whose address has changed within the last 30 days if proceeds are sent by check. |
The Fund(s) only accepts STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantees, which may be obtained at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions and further assistance.
General Policies
The minimum account balance is $2,500 for Investor Class shares and $25,000 for Y Class shares. If a shareholder’s account balance falls below the minimum level, the shareholder may be asked to increase the balance. This minimum does not apply to shareholders of the Target Fund who receive Investor Class or Y Class shares pursuant to the Plan.
If the account balance remains below the applicable minimum account balance after 45 days, the Fund reserves the right to close the account and send the proceeds to the shareholder. The Fund reserves the authority to modify minimum account balances in its discretion.
A Signature Validation Program (‘‘SVP’’) stamp or notary stamp may be required in order to change an account’s registration or banking instructions. You may obtain a SVP stamp at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions, but not from a notary public. The SVP stamp is analogous to the STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantee in that it is provided at similar institutions. However, it is used only for non-financial transactions.
The following policies apply to instructions you may provide to the Fund by telephone:
· | The Fund, its officers, trustees, employees, or agents are not responsible for the authenticity of instructions provided by telephone, nor for any loss, liability, cost or expense incurred for acting on them. |
· | The Fund employs procedures reasonably designed to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. |
· | Due to the volume of calls or other unusual circumstances, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement during certain time periods. |
The Fund reserves the right to:
· | liquidate a shareholder’s account at the current day’s NAV per share and remit proceeds via check if the Fund or a financial institution are unable to verify the shareholder’s identity within three business days of account opening, |
· | seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by the Fund if payment for the purchase of Fund shares by check does not clear the shareholder’s bank, and |
· | reject a purchase order and seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by the Fund if funds are not received by the applicable wire deadline. |
Escheatment
Please be advised that certain state escheatment laws may require the Fund to turn over your mutual fund account to the state listed in your account registration as abandoned property unless you contact the Fund. Many states have added ‘‘inactivity’’ or the absence of customer initiated contact as a component of their rules and guidelines for the escheatment of unclaimed property. These states consider property to be abandoned when there is no shareholder initiated activity on an account for at least three (3) to five (5) years.
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Depending on the laws in your jurisdiction, customer initiated contact might be achieved by one of the following methods:
· | Send a letter to American Beacon Funds via the United States Post Office, |
· | Speak to a Customer Service Representative on the phone after you go through a security verification process. For residents of certain states, contact cannot be made by phone but must be in writing or through the Fund’s secure web application. |
· | Access your account through the Fund’s secure web application, |
· | Cashing checks that are received and are made payable to the owner of the account. |
The Fund, the Manager, and the Transfer Agent will not be liable to shareholders or their representatives for good faith compliance with escheatment laws. To learn more about the escheatment rules for your particular state, please contact your attorney or State Treasurer’s and/or Controller’s Offices. If you do not hold your shares directly with the Fund, you should contact your broker-dealer, retirement plan, or other third-party intermediary regarding applicable state escheatment laws.
Shareholders that reside in the state of Texas may designate a representative to receive escheatment notifications by completing and submitting a designation form that can be found on the website of the Texas Comptroller. While the designated representative does not have any rights to claim or access the shareholder’s account or assets, the escheatment period will cease if the representative communicates knowledge of the shareholder’s location and confirms that the shareholder has not abandoned his or her property. If a shareholder designates a representative to receive escheatment notifications, any escheatment notices will be delivered both to the shareholder and the designated representative. The completed designation form may be mailed to the below address.
Contact information:
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
1-800-658-5811
www.americanbeaconfunds.com
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
1-800-658-5811
www.americanbeaconfunds.com
Distributions and Taxes
The Fund distributes most or all of its net earnings and realized gains, if any, each taxable year in the form of dividends from net investment income (“dividends”) on an annual basis and distributions of realized net capital gains (“capital gain distributions”) and net gains from foreign currency transactions (sometimes referred to below collectively as “other distributions”) on an annual basis (and dividends and other distributions are sometimes referred to below collectively as “distributions”). Different tax treatment applies to different types of distributions (as described in the table below).
The Fund does not have a fixed dividend rate nor does it guarantee that it will pay any distributions in any particular period. Distributions paid by the Fund with respect to each class of shares are calculated in the same manner and at the same time, but dividends on different classes of shares may be different as a result of the services and/or fees applicable to certain classes of shares.
Options for Receiving Dividends and Other Distributions
When you open your Fund account, you can specify on your application how you want to receive distributions. To change that option, you must notify the transfer agent. Unless you instruct otherwise in your account application, distributions payable to you by the Fund will be reinvested in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund. There are four payment options available:
· | Reinvest All Distributions. You can elect to reinvest all distributions by the Fund in additional shares of the same distributing class of the Fund. |
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· | Reinvest Only Some Distributions. You can elect to reinvest some types of distributions by the Fund in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund while receiving the other types of distributions by the Fund by check or having them sent directly to your bank account by ACH (“in cash”). |
· | Receive All Distributions in Cash. You can elect to receive all distributions in cash. |
· | Reinvest Your Distributions in shares of another American Beacon Fund. You can reinvest all of your distributions by the Fund on a particular class of shares in shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund that is available for exchanges. You must have an existing account in the same share class of the selected fund. |
Distributions of Fund income are generally taxable to you regardless of the manner in which received or reinvested.
If you invest directly with the Fund, any election to receive distributions payable by check will only apply to distributions totaling $10.00 or more. Any distribution by the Fund totaling less than $10.00 will be reinvested in shares of the distributing class of the Fund and will not be paid to you by check.
If you elect to receive a distribution by check and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if your check remains uncashed for at least six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the amount of your check, and to reinvest all subsequent distributions in shares of the distributing class of the Fund at the NAV per share on the day of the reinvestment. Interest will not accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution or redemption checks.
Shareholders investing in the Fund through a financial intermediary should discuss their options for receiving distributions with the intermediary.
Taxes
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders other than tax-qualified retirement accounts and other tax-exempt investors. However, the portion of the Fund’s dividends derived from its investments in U.S. Government obligations, if any, is generally exempt from state and local income taxes. Fund dividends, except those that are “qualified dividend income” (as described below), are subject to federal income tax at the rates for ordinary income contained in the Code, as amended most recently by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017 (“Act”). The following table outlines the typical status of transactions in taxable accounts:
Type of Transaction | Federal Tax Status | ||||
Dividends from net investment income* | Ordinary income** | ||||
Distributions of the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss* | Ordinary income | ||||
Distributions of net gains from certain foreign currency transactions* | Ordinary income | ||||
Distributions of the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss (“net capital gain’’)* | Long-term capital gains | ||||
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for more than one year | Long-term capital gains or losses | ||||
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for one year or less | Net gains are taxed at the same rate as ordinary income; net losses are subject to special rules |
* Whether reinvested or taken by check or in cash.
** Except for dividends that are attributable to ‘‘qualified dividend income,’’ if any.
To the extent distributions are attributable to net capital gain that the Fund recognizes they are subject to a 15% maximum federal income tax rate for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an “individual”)
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(20% for individuals with taxable income exceeding certain thresholds, which are indexed for inflation annually), regardless of how long the shareholder held his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the dividends the Fund pays to individuals may be ‘‘qualified dividend income’’ (‘‘QDI’’) and thus eligible for the preferential rates mentioned above that apply to net capital gain. QDI is the aggregate of dividends the Fund receives on shares of most domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations with respect to which the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other restrictions. To be eligible for those rates, a shareholder must meet similar restrictions with respect to his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the dividends the Fund pays may also be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations (which was reduced by the Act), subject to similar holding period and other restrictions, but the eligible portion may not exceed the aggregate dividends the Fund receives from domestic corporations only.
A shareholder may realize a taxable gain or loss when redeeming or exchanging shares. That gain or loss is treated as a short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending on how long the redeemed or exchanged shares were held. Any capital gain an individual recognizes on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares that have been held for more than one year generally will qualify for the reduced federal income tax rates mentioned above.
A shareholder who wants to use an acceptable basis determination method with respect to Fund shares that the shareholder acquired or acquires (“Covered Shares”) other than the average basis method (the Fund’s default method) must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. The Fund, or its administrative agent, must report to the Internal Revenue Service and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for dispositions of Covered Shares. See “Tax Information” in the SAI for a description of the rules regarding that election and the Fund’s reporting obligation.
An individual must pay a 3.8% federal tax on the lesser of (1) the individual’s ‘‘net investment income,’’ which generally includes dividends, interest, and net gains from the disposition of investment property (including distributions the Fund pays and net gains realized on the redemption or exchange of Fund shares), or (2) the excess of the individual’s ‘‘modified adjusted gross income’’ over a threshold amount ($250,000 for married persons filing jointly and $200,000 for single taxpayers). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. A similar tax applies to estates and trusts. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, this tax may have on their investment in Fund shares.
The foregoing is only a summary of some of the important federal income tax considerations that may affect Fund shareholders, who should consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to the effect of federal, state and local income taxes on an investment in the Fund. Each year, the Fund’s shareholders will receive tax information regarding Fund distributions and dispositions of Fund shares to assist them in preparing their income tax returns.
Additional Information
The Fund’s Board of Trustees oversees generally the operations of the Fund. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others, the Fund’s manager, sub-advisor(s), custodian, transfer agent, and accountants, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to any such contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any shareholder any right to enforce them directly against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them directly against the service providers.
This Proxy Statement provides information concerning the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to approve the Reorganization. Neither this Proxy Statement nor the SAI is intended, or should be read, to be or create an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Fund and any investor, or to create any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived. Nothing in this Proxy Statement, the SAI or the Fund’s reports to shareholders is intended to provide investment advice and should not be construed as investment advice.
Service Plans and Fees
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The Fund has adopted a shareholder services plan for its Investor Class shares for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. The shareholder services plan authorizes annual payment of up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares. In addition, the Fund may reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class shares of the Fund.
Delivery of Documents
If you are interested in electronic delivery of the Fund’s future summary prospectuses and shareholder reports, please go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com and click on ‘‘Resource Center” and then ‘‘Register for E-Delivery.”
To reduce expenses, your financial institution may mail only one copy of such documents to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please contact your financial institution. Delivery of individual copies will commence thirty days after receiving your request.
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APPENDIX D
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TARGET FUND
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TARGET FUND
The Acquiring Fund has no financial highlights information of its own since it has not yet commenced operations. The Acquiring Fund will adopt the financial statements of the Target Fund. The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Target Fund’s financial performance for the past five years and six months. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the Fund’s table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and other distributions).
The information for the six months ended September 30, 2018, has not been audited. The information for the fiscal periods ended March 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, was audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, the Target Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. Tait, Weller & Baker LLP’s report, along with further detail on the Target Fund’s financial statements, are included in the Target Fund’s annual report, which is available upon your request.
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
Class A
Per share operating performance.
For a capital share outstanding throughout each period.
For the Six Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Year Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 10.04 | $ | 9.90 | $ | 9.32 | $ | 9.93 | $ | 10.29 | $ | 10.37 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income1 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.12 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | (0.03 | ) | 0.13 | 0.50 | (0.51 | ) | (0.18 | ) | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.68 | (0.34 | ) | (0.14 | ) | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.07 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.10 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.10 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gain | - | - | - | - | (0.17 | ) | (0.11 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total distributions | (0.07 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.10 | ) | (0.27 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.21 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 10.02 | $ | 10.04 | $ | 9.90 | $ | 9.32 | $ | 9.93 | $ | 10.29 | ||||||||||||
Total return2 | 0.53 | %4 | 2.99 | % | 7.33 | % | (3.51 | )% | (1.40 | )% | 1.31 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 1,257 | $ | 3,486 | $ | 4,639 | $ | 6,669 | $ | 14,720 | $ | 32,298 | ||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets (including interest expense, dividends on securities sold short and shareholder servicing fees): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before fees waived/recovered3 | 2.06 | %5 | 2.01 | % | 2.31 | % | 2.35 | % | 2.34 | % | 2.33 | % | ||||||||||||
After fees waived/recovered3 | 2.06 | %5 | 2.01 | % | 2.31 | % | 2.34 | % | 2.36 | % | 2.35 | % | ||||||||||||
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Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (including interest expense, dividends on securities sold short and shareholder servicing fees): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before fees waived/recovered | 1.60 | %5 | 1.60 | % | 1.87 | % | 1.79 | % | 0.45 | % | 1.22 | % | ||||||||||||
After fees waived/recovered | 1.60 | %5 | 1.60 | % | 1.87 | % | 1.80 | % | 0.43 | % | 1.20 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 62 | %4 | 52 | % | 54 | % | 66 | % | 104 | % | 60 | % |
1 | Based on average shares outstanding for the period. |
2 | Total returns would have been lower/higher had expenses not been waived/recovered by the Advisor. Returns shown do not include payment of sales load of 5.75% of offering price which is reduced on sales of $50,000 or more. These returns include Rule 12b-1 fees of up to 0.25% and do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
3 | If interest expense, dividends on securities sold short and shareholder servicing fees had been excluded, the expense ratios would have been lowered by 0.32% for the six months ended September 30, 2018, and 0.27%, 0.57%, 0.60%, 0.62%, and 0.61% for the periods ended March 31, respectively. |
4 | Not annualized. |
5 | Annualized. |
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
Class I
Per share operating performance.
For a capital share outstanding throughout each period.
For the Six Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Year Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 10.04 | $ | 9.90 | $ | 9.33 | $ | 9.94 | $ | 10.30 | $ | 10.37 | ||||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income1 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | (0.01 | ) | 0.13 | 0.49 | (0.51 | ) | (0.20 | ) | 0.02 | |||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.08 | 0.32 | 0.70 | (0.31 | ) | (0.13 | ) | 0.17 | ||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.09 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.13 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.13 | ) | ||||||||||||
From net realized gain | - | - | - | - | (0.17 | ) | (0.11 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total distributions | (0.09 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.13 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.23 | ) | (0.24 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 10.03 | $ | 10.04 | $ | 9.90 | $ | 9.33 | $ | 9.94 | $ | 10.30 | ||||||||||||
Total return2 | 0.75 | %4 | 3.28 | % | 7.54 | % | (3.19 | )% | (1.25 | )% | 1.65 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 281,240 | $ | 279,143 | $ | 295,950 | $ | 263,249 | $ | 439,339 | $ | 462,983 | ||||||||||||
D-2
Ratio of expenses to average net assets (including interest expense, dividends on securities sold short and shareholder servicing fees): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before fees waived/recovered3 | 1.81 | %5 | 1.76 | % | 2.06 | % | 2.10 | % | 2.09 | % | 2.08 | % | ||||||||||||
After fees waived/recovered3 | 1.81 | %5 | 1.76 | % | 2.06 | % | 2.09 | % | 2.11 | % | 2.10 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (including interest expense, dividends on securities sold short and shareholder servicing fees): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before fees waived/recovered | 1.85 | %5 | 1.85 | % | 2.12 | % | 2.04 | % | 0.70 | % | 1.47 | % | ||||||||||||
After fees waived/recovered | 1.85 | %5 | 1.85 | % | 2.12 | % | 2.05 | % | 0.68 | % | 1.45 | % | ||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 62 | %4 | 52 | % | 54 | % | 66 | % | 104 | % | 60 | % |
1 | Based on average shares outstanding for the period. |
2 | Total returns would have been lower/higher had expenses not been waived/recovered by the Advisor. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
3 | If interest expense, dividends on securities sold short and shareholder servicing fees had been excluded, the expense ratios would have been lowered by 0.32% for the six months ended September 30, 2018, and 0.27%, 0.57%, 0.60%, 0.62%, and 0.61% for the periods ended March 31, respectively. |
4 | Not annualized. |
5 | Annualized. |
D-3
The information in this statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This statement of additional information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Statement of Additional Information
[ ], 2019
[ ], 2019
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund
235 W. Galena Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
and
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
Irving, Texas 75039
Acquisition of the Assets and Assumption of the Liabilities of: | By and in Exchange for Shares of: |
Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund Class A shares – PSCAX Class I shares – PSCIX | American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund Investor Class shares – Y Class shares – |
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relates specifically to the proposed reorganization of the Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Target Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “IMST Trust”), into the American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund (the “Acquiring Fund” or “Fund”), a series of American Beacon Funds (the “Reorganization”). In connection with the Reorganization, the Target Fund would transfer all of its assets to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for Investor Class shares and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund with the same aggregate value as, respectively, the Target Fund’s Class A shares and Class I shares, and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of all of the Target Fund’s liabilities.
This SAI, which is not a prospectus, supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus dated [ ], 2019 relating to the Reorganization (collectively, the “Proxy Statement”), which is a proxy statement for the Target Fund and a prospectus for the Investor Class shares and Y Class shares of the Acquiring Fund. Copies of the Proxy Statement may be obtained without charge by writing to the IMST Trust at the address above or by calling (toll-free) (866) 933-9033. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Proxy Statement. In other words, it is legally part of the Proxy Statement. Capitalized terms in this SAI have the same definition as in the Proxy Statement, unless otherwise defined.
CONTENTS OF THE SAI
This SAI consists of the cover page and the information set forth below. The Acquiring Fund had not commenced operations as of the date hereof. Accordingly, financial statements for the Acquiring Fund are not available. Copies of the Acquiring Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained when available, without charge, upon request by calling (800) 658-5811 or by visiting www.americanbeaconfunds.com.
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The following documents have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference into this SAI, which means that these documents are considered legally to be part of this SAI:
· | Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the IMST Trust, with respect to the Target Fund, dated August 1, 2018, as supplemented (File Nos. 333-122901 and 811-21719); and |
· | Annual Report to Shareholders of the IMST Trust, with respect to the Target Fund, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, and Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders of the IMST Trust, with respect to the Target Fund, for the period ended September 30, 2018. |
PRO FORMA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Pro forma financial statements are not presented as the Target Fund is being combined with the Acquiring Fund, a newly created series of American Beacon Funds, which does not have any assets or liabilities.
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Table of Contents
ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY OF THE FUND | 1 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS | 1 |
OTHER INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS | 31 |
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS | 33 |
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE INVESTMENTS | 35 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | 35 |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 36 |
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES | 39 |
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST | 39 |
CODE OF ETHICS | 51 |
PROXY VOTING POLICIES | 52 |
CONTROL PERSONS AND 5% SHAREHOLDERS | 52 |
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT | 52 |
MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES | 53 |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS | 55 |
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS | 55 |
PORTFOLIO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS | 57 |
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND | 58 |
TAX INFORMATION | 58 |
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST | 63 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 64 |
APPENDIX A: PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR THE TRUST AND AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC. | A-1 |
APPENDIX B: PROXY VOTING POLICIES FOR THE INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISOR | B-1 |
APPENDIX C: RATINGS DEFINITIONS | C-1 |
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ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY OF THE FUND
The Fund is a separate series of American Beacon Funds (the “Trust”), an open-end management investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust on January 16, 1987. The Fund constitutes a separate investment portfolio with distinct investment objectives and a distinct purpose and strategy. The Fund is “diversified” as that term is defined by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). The Fund is comprised of multiple classes of shares designed to meet the needs of different groups of investors. This SAI relates to the Investor Class and Y Class shares of the Fund.
If the Reorganization is approved, the Fund will acquire all of the assets and assume all of the liabilities of the Target Fund, a series of the IMST Trust. Since the investment objectives of the Fund are identical to those of the Target Fund, the Target Fund and the Fund have substantially similar investment strategies, and the Fund will engage the investment sub-advisor currently providing services to the Target Fund as the Fund’s investment sub-advisor, the Fund will adopt the prior performance and financial history of the Target Fund.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The investment objectives and principal investment strategies and risks of the Fund are described in the Proxy Statement. This section contains additional information about the Fund’s investment policies and risks and types of investments the Fund may purchase. The composition of the Fund’s portfolio and the strategies that the Fund may use in selecting investments may vary over time. The Fund is not required to use all of the investment strategies described below in pursuing its investment objectives. It may use some of the investment strategies only at some times or it may not use them at all.
Asset-Backed Securities — Asset-backed securities are securities issued by trusts and special purpose entities that are backed by pools of assets, such as automobile and credit-card receivables and home equity loans, which pass through the payments on the underlying obligations to the security holders (less servicing fees paid to the originator or fees for any credit enhancement). Typically, loans or accounts receivable paper are transferred from the originator to a specially created trust, which repackages the trust’s interests as securities with a minimum denomination and a specific term. The securities are then privately placed or publicly offered. Examples include certificates for automobile receivables and so-called plastic bonds, backed by credit card receivables. The Fund is permitted to invest in asset-backed securities, subject to the Fund’s rating and quality requirements.
The value of an asset-backed security is affected by, among other things, changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the security, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the originator of the loans and the financial institution providing any credit enhancement. Payments of principal and interest passed through to holders of asset-backed securities are frequently supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guarantee by another entity or by having a priority to certain of the borrower’s other assets. The degree of credit enhancement varies, and generally applies to only a portion of the asset-backed security’s par value. Value is also affected if any credit enhancement has been exhausted.
Borrowing Risk — The Fund may borrow money in an amount up to one-third of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) from banks and other financial institutions. The Fund may borrow for temporary purposes or to facilitate short sales. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and in its total return. Interest expense and other fees associated with borrowing may reduce the Fund’s return.
Callable Securities — The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities with call features. A call feature allows the issuer of the security to redeem or call the security prior to its stated maturity date. In periods of falling interest rates, issuers may be more likely to call in securities that are paying higher coupon rates
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than prevailing interest rates. In the event of a call, the Fund would lose the income that would have been earned to maturity on that security, and the proceeds received by the Fund may be invested in securities paying lower coupon rates. Thus, the Fund’s income could be reduced as a result of a call. In addition, the market value of a callable security may decrease if it is perceived by the market as likely to be called, which could have a negative impact on the Fund’s total return.
Cash Management Investments — The Fund may invest cash balances in money market funds that are registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act, including money market funds that are advised by American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the “Manager”). If the Fund invests in money market funds, shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including, for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which the Fund invests, such as advisory fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager. Shareholders also would be exposed to the risks associated with money market funds and the portfolio investments of such money market funds, including that a money market fund’s yield will be lower than the return that the Fund would have derived from other investments that would provide liquidity.
Common Stock — Common stock generally takes the form of shares in a corporation which represent an ownership interest. It ranks below preferred stock and debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the company in a liquidation or bankruptcy. The value of a company’s common stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or decreased demand for the company’s products or services. A stock’s value may also decline because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or sector. The price of a company’s stock may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company, such as changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates or industry regulation. Companies that elect to pay dividends on their common stock generally only do so after they invest in their own business and make required payments to bondholders and on other debt and preferred stock. Therefore, the value of a company’s common stock will usually be more volatile than its bonds, other debt and preferred stock. Common stock may be exchange-traded or traded over-the-counter (“OTC”). OTC stock may be less liquid than exchange-traded stock.
Convertible Securities — Convertible securities include corporate bonds, notes, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. Holders of convertible securities have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders but may be subordinated to holders of similar non-convertible securities of the same issuer. Because of the conversion feature, certain convertible securities may be considered equity equivalents.
Cover and Asset Segregation — The Fund may make investments or employ trading practices that obligate the Fund, on a fixed or contingent basis, to deliver an asset or make a cash payment to another party in the future. The Fund will comply with guidance from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) with respect to coverage of certain investments and trading practices. This guidance requires segregation (which may include earmarking) by the Fund of cash or liquid assets with its custodian or a designated sub-custodian to the extent the Fund’s obligations with respect to these strategies are not otherwise “covered” through ownership of the underlying security or financial instrument or by offsetting portfolio positions.
2
For example, if the Fund enters into a currency forward contract to sell foreign currency on a future date, the Fund may cover its obligation to deliver the foreign currency by segregating cash or liquid assets having a value at least equal to the value of the deliverable currency on a marked to market basis. Alternatively, the Fund could cover its obligation by entering into an offsetting transaction to acquire, on or before the date such foreign currency must be delivered, an amount of foreign currency at least equal to the deliverable amount at a price at or below the sale price to be received by the Fund under the currency forward contract.
The Fund’s approach to asset coverage may vary among different types of transactions. For example, if the Fund’s forward obligation on the transaction is only to make a cash payment equal to the amount, if any, by which the value of the Fund’s position is less than that of its counterparty, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid assets equal to that difference calculated on a daily marked-to-market basis (a “net amount”). Additionally, if the Fund is a protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, usually will segregate assets equal to the full notional value of the swap. If the Fund is protection buyer in a credit default swap, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, it usually will cover the total amount of required premium payments plus the prepayment penalty.
With respect to certain investments, the Fund calculates the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis” (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Under such circumstances, the Fund’s current obligations will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid by the Fund based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”).
Inasmuch as the Fund covers its obligations under these transactions as described above, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the Fund believe such obligations do not constitute senior securities. Earmarking or otherwise segregating a large percentage of the Fund’s assets could impede the sub-advisor’s ability to manage the Fund’s portfolio.
Currencies Risk — The Fund may have significant exposure to foreign currencies for investment or hedging purposes by making direct investments in non- U.S. currencies or in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency exchange contracts in non-U.S. or emerging market currencies, non-U.S. currency futures contracts, options on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures and swaps for cross-currency investments.
Foreign currencies will fluctuate and may decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund’s investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.
Custody Risk — The Fund may invest in markets that are less developed than those in the U.S., which may expose the Fund to risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and the holding of securities by foreign banks, agents and depositories. Investments in frontier and emerging markets may be subject to greater custody risks than investments in more developed markets.
Cyber-Security Risk — With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber-security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund or the sub-advisor, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, result in the loss or theft of customer data or funds, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value (“NAV”) per share, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. A cyber-attack may also result in
3
customers or employees being unable to access electronic systems (“denial of services”), loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or network system, or remediation costs associated with system repairs. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber-security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber-security risks are also present for issues or securities in which the Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund’s investment in such companies to lose value.
Any of these results could have a substantial adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders. For example, if a cyber-security incident results in a denial of service, Fund shareholders could lose access to their electronic accounts and be unable to buy or sell Fund shares for an unknown period of time, and employees could be unable to access electronic systems to perform critical duties for the Fund, such as trading, NAV calculation, shareholder accounting or fulfillment of Fund share purchases and redemptions. Cyber-security incidents could cause the Fund or Fund service provider to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures, or financial loss of a significant magnitude and could result in allegations that the Fund or Fund service provider violated privacy and other laws. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber-security incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions and other parties. Although the Fund, its Manager, and the sub-advisor endeavor to determine that service providers have established risk management systems that seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-security, and business continuity plans in the event there is a cyber-security breach, there are inherent limitations in these systems and plans, including the possibility that certain risks may not have been identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. Furthermore, the Fund does not control the cyber-security systems and plans of the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests or the Fund’s third-party service providers or trading counterparties or any other service providers whose operations may affect the Fund or its shareholders.
Depositary Receipts — American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) — ADRs are depositary receipts for foreign issuers in registered form traded in U.S. securities markets. Depositary receipts may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Investing in depositary receipts entails substantially the same risks as direct investment in foreign securities. There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies and there may be less governmental regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies. In addition, such companies may use different accounting and financial standards (and certain currencies may become unavailable for transfer from a foreign currency), resulting in the Fund’s possible inability to convert immediately into U.S. currency proceeds realized upon the sale of portfolio securities of the affected foreign companies. In addition, the Fund may invest in unsponsored depositary receipts, the issuers of which are not obligated to disclose material information about the underlying securities to investors in the United States. Ownership of unsponsored depositary receipts may not entitle the Fund to the same benefits and rights as ownership of a sponsored depositary receipt or the underlying security. Please see “Foreign Securities” below for a description of the risks associated with investments in foreign securities.
Derivatives — Generally a derivative is a financial arrangement, the value of which is based on, or “derived” from, a traditional security, asset, currency, or market index. Some “derivatives” such as mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are in many respects like any other investment, although they may be more volatile or less liquid than more traditional debt securities. There are, in fact, many different types of derivatives and many different ways to use them. The value of certain derivative securities is linked to other equity securities (such as depositary receipts), currencies, interest rates, indices or other financial indicators (reference assets).
The Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, including among others, options (including non-deliverable options), futures and options thereon, forward currency and other forwards (including non-deliverable forwards), forwards for currency hedges, warrants, and credit default swaps. The enactment
4
of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) resulted in historic and comprehensive reform relating to derivatives, including the manner in which they are entered into, reported, recorded, executed, and settled or cleared. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) have promulgated a broad range of new regulations with respect to security-based swaps (e.g., derivatives based on a single security or narrow-based securities index), which are regulated by the SEC, and other swaps, which are regulated by the CFTC and the markets in which these instruments trade.
Prior to 2012, advisers of registered investment companies, like the Fund, that trade commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, non-deliverable forwards and swaps), were excluded from regulation as commodity pool operators (“CPOs”) pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5. In 2012, the CFTC amended Regulation 4.5 to dramatically narrow this exclusion. Under the amended Regulation 4.5 exclusion, in order to rely on the exclusion the Fund’s commodity interests – other than those used for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC) – must be limited such that the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the positions (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options are “in-the-money” at the time of purchase) do not exceed 5% of the Fund’s NAV, or alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of the positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, does not exceed 100% of the Fund’s total NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). Further, to qualify for the exclusion in amended Regulation 4.5, the Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that the Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. The Fund’s ability to use these instruments also may be limited by federal income tax considerations. See the section entitled “Tax Information.”
The Manager, on behalf of the Fund, has filed a notice claiming the CFTC Regulation 4.5 exclusion from CPO registration with respect to the Fund. The Manager is also exempt from registration as a commodity trading advisor under CFTC Regulation 4.14(a)(8) with respect to the Fund.
Derivatives may involve significant risk. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the Fund’s initial investment. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty.
Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. The Fund may buy and sell derivatives that are neither centrally cleared nor traded on an exchange. Such derivatives may be subject to heightened counterparty, liquidity and valuation risk.
Transactions in derivatives may expose the Fund to an obligation to another party and, as a result, the Fund may need to “cover” the obligation or segregate liquid assets in compliance with SEC guidelines, as discussed above under “Cover and Asset Segregation.”
Distressed Investment Risk — The Fund may invest in distressed investments, which are issued by companies that are, or might be, involved in reorganizations or financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy. These investments may present a substantial risk of default or may be in default at the time of investment. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to an investment, the Fund may lose its entire investment or may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than its original investment. Among the risks inherent in investments in a troubled issuer is that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true financial condition of the issuer.
Exchange-Traded Notes
The Fund may invest in ETNs. ETNs are debt obligations that are traded on exchanges and the returns of which are linked to the performance of market indexes. In addition to trading ETNs on exchanges, investors may redeem ETNs directly with the issuer on a weekly basis, typically in a minimum amount of
The Fund may invest in ETNs. ETNs are debt obligations that are traded on exchanges and the returns of which are linked to the performance of market indexes. In addition to trading ETNs on exchanges, investors may redeem ETNs directly with the issuer on a weekly basis, typically in a minimum amount of
5
50,000 units, or hold the ETNs until maturity. ETNs may be riskier than ordinary debt securities and may have no principal protection. The Fund’s investment in an ETN may be influenced by many unpredictable factors, including highly volatile commodities prices, changes in supply and demand relationships, weather, agriculture, trade, changes in interest rates, and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. Investing in ETNs is not equivalent to investing directly in index components or the relevant index itself. Because ETNs are debt securities, they possess credit risk; if the issuer has financial difficulties or goes bankrupt, the investor may not receive the return it was promised. Because ETNs are unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities, an investment in an ETN exposes the Fund to the risk that an ETN’s issuer may be unable to repay the note upon maturity. As a result, the value of the ETN may decline, including to zero. In addition, as with investments in ETFs and investment companies, the Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the ETN, which may cause the Fund’s operating expenses to be higher and its performance to be lower than it would if it invested directly in the securities of the index or other reference assets of the ETN. There may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a liquid market. If the Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the market for such ETN is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount.
Expense Risk — Fund expenses are subject to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in the Fund’s net assets. Accordingly, actual expenses may be greater or less than those indicated. For example, to the extent that the Fund’s net assets decrease due to market declines or redemptions, the Fund’s expenses will increase as a percentage of Fund net assets. During periods of high market volatility, these increases in the Fund’s expense ratio could be significant.
Fixed-Income Investments — The Fund may hold debt, including government and corporate debt, and other fixed-income securities. Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may cause the Fund’s NAV to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed-income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security. For example, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, they also tend to be more sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates and are therefore more volatile than shorter-term securities and are subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the credit strength of an issuer of a fixed-income security will weaken and/or that the issuer will be unable to make timely principal and interest payments and that the security may go into default. In addition, there is prepayment risk, which is the risk that during periods of falling interest rates, certain fixed-income securities with higher interest rates, such as mortgage- and asset-backed securities, may be prepaid by their issuers thereby reducing the amount of interest payments. This may result in the Fund having to reinvest its proceeds in lower yielding securities. Securities underlying mortgage- and asset-backed securities, which may include subprime mortgages, also may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. See “High-Yield Bonds” disclosure below for the risks associated with low-quality, high-risk corporate bonds, a type of fixed income security.
Foreign Debt Securities — The Fund may invest in foreign fixed and floating rate income securities (including emerging market securities) all or a portion of which may be non-U.S. dollar denominated and which include: (a) debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign national, provincial, state, municipal or other governments with taxing authority or by their agencies or instrumentalities, including Brady Bonds; (b) debt obligations of supranational entities; (c) debt obligations of the U.S. Government issued in non-dollar securities; (d) debt obligations and other fixed income securities of foreign corporate issuers (both dollar and non-dollar denominated); and (e) U.S. corporate issuers (both Eurodollar and non-dollar denominated). There is no minimum rating criteria for the Fund’s investments in such securities. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers involves special considerations that are not typically associated with investing in the securities of U.S. issuers. In addition, emerging markets are markets that have risks that are different and higher than those in more developed markets.
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Foreign Securities — The Fund may invest in U.S. dollar denominated and non-U.S. dollar denominated equity and debt securities of foreign issuers and foreign branches of U.S. banks. Foreign issuers are issuers organized and doing business principally outside the United States and include corporations, banks, non-U.S. governments, and quasi-governmental organizations. While investments in foreign securities are intended to reduce risk by providing further diversification, such investments involve sovereign and other risks, in addition to the credit and market risks normally associated with domestic securities. These additional risks include the possibility of adverse political and economic developments (including political or social instability, nationalization, expropriation, or confiscatory taxation); the potentially adverse effects of unavailability of public information regarding issuers, less governmental supervision and regulation of financial markets, reduced liquidity of certain financial markets, and the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards or the application of standards that are different or less stringent than those applied in the United States; different laws and customs governing securities tracking; and possibly limited access to the courts to enforce the Fund’s rights as an investor.
The Fund also may invest in equity, debt, or other income-producing securities that are denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, including (1) common and preferred stocks, (2) obligations of other corporations, and (3) obligations of foreign governments and their subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities, international agencies, and supranational entities. Investing in foreign currency denominated securities involves the special risks associated with investing in non-U.S. issuers, as described in the preceding paragraph, and the additional risks of (1) adverse changes in foreign exchange rates and (2) adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which could prevent cash from being brought back to the United States). Additionally, dividends and interest payable on foreign securities (and gains realized on disposition thereof) may be subject to foreign taxes, including taxes withheld from those payments.
Commissions on foreign securities exchanges are often at fixed rates and are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the sub-advisor endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on portfolio transactions.
Foreign securities may trade with less frequency and in less volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include higher custodial fees than apply to domestic custody arrangements and transaction costs of foreign currency conversions.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures. In certain markets, there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of the Fund is not invested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.
Interest rates prevailing in other countries may affect the prices of foreign securities and exchange rates for foreign currencies. Local factors, including the strength of the local economy, the demand for borrowing, the government’s fiscal and monetary policies, and the international balance of payments, often affect interest rates in other countries. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position.
Emerging Market Securities. The Fund may invest in emerging market securities. Investments in emerging market country securities involve special risks. The economies, markets and political structures of a number of the emerging market countries in which the Fund can invest do not compare favorably with the United States and other mature economies in terms of wealth and stability. Therefore, investments in these countries may be riskier, and will be subject to erratic and abrupt price movements. Some
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economies are less well developed and less diverse (for example, Latin America, Eastern Europe and certain Asian countries), and more vulnerable to the ebb and flow of international trade, trade barriers and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Similarly, many of these countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, are grappling with severe inflation or recession, high levels of national debt, currency exchange problems and government instability. Investments in countries that have recently begun moving away from central planning and state-owned industries toward free markets, such as the Eastern European, Russian or Chinese economies, should be regarded as speculative.
Certain emerging market countries have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of external debt, balance of payments and trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment. The issuer or governmental authority that controls the repayment of an emerging market country’s debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, and, in the case of a government debtor, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole and the political constraints to which a government debtor may be subject. Government debtors may default on their debt and may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. Holders of government debt may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to government debtors.
If such an event occurs, the Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor.
Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of foreign government fixed income securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest payments to the holders of other foreign government debt obligations in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements.
The economies of individual emerging market countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. Emerging market economies may develop unevenly or may never fully develop.
Investing in emerging market countries may entail purchasing securities issued by or on behalf of entities that are insolvent, bankrupt, in default or otherwise engaged in an attempt to reorganize or reschedule their obligations, and in entities that have little or no proven credit rating or credit history. In any such case, the issuer’s poor or deteriorating financial condition may increase the likelihood that the investing Fund will experience losses or diminution in available gains due to bankruptcy, insolvency or fraud.
Investments in the securities and derivatives with exposure to countries with emerging capital markets involve significantly higher risks not involved in investments in securities in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities from more developed capital markets, (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments, (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other non-U.S. or U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments, (iv) national policies that may limit the Fund’s
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investment opportunities such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests, (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property, and (vi) less diverse or immature economic structures. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging capital markets may impose differential capital gain taxes on foreign investors.
Such capital markets are emerging in a dynamic political and economic environment brought about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurance that these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for the Fund. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such event, it is possible that the Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected markets. The economies of emerging market countries may be based predominately on only a few industries or may be dependent on revenues from participating commodities or on international aid or developmental assistance, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates.
Also, there may be less publicly available information about emerging markets than would be available in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. As a result, traditional investment measurements used in the U.S., may not be applicable. Emerging market securities may be substantially less liquid and more volatile than those of mature markets, and securities may be held by a limited number of investors. This may adversely affect the timing and pricing of the Fund’s acquisition or disposal of securities.
The laws in certain emerging market countries may be based upon or be highly influenced by religious codes or rules. The interpretation of how these laws apply to certain investments may change over time, which could have a negative impact on those investments and the Fund.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because the Fund may use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable.
The Fund may consider a country to be an emerging market country based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, if the country is classified as an emerging or developing economy by any supranational organization such as the World Bank, International Finance Corporation or the United Nations, or related entities, or if the country is considered an emerging market country for purposes of constructing emerging markets indices.
Brexit Risk. The risk of investing in Europe may be heightened due to the 2016 referendum in which the United Kingdom voted to exit the European Union (“EU”). There is a significant degree of uncertainty about how negotiations relating to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal will be conducted, as well as the potential consequences and precise timeframe for “Brexit.” In March 2017, the United Kingdom formally notified the European Council that it intends to withdraw from the EU by invoking Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, which triggered a two-year period of negotiation on the terms of Brexit. While it is not possible to determine the precise impact these events may have on the Fund, during this period and beyond, the impact on the United Kingdom and European economies and the broader global economy could be significant, resulting in negative impacts, such as increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth, on markets in the United Kingdom, Europe and globally, which may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. In addition, if one or more other countries were to exit the EU or abandon the use of the euro as a currency, the value of investments tied to those countries or the euro could decline significantly and unpredictably.
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Eastern European and Russian Securities. Investing in the securities of Eastern European and Russian issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Political and economic reforms are too recent to establish a definite trend away from centrally planned economies and state-owned industries. Investments in Eastern European countries may involve risks of nationalization, expropriation, and confiscatory taxation. Many Eastern European countries continue to move towards market economies at different paces with appropriately different characteristics. Most Eastern European markets suffer from thin trading activity, dubious investor protections, and often a dearth of reliable corporate information. Information and transaction costs, differential taxes, and sometimes political or transfer risk give a comparative advantage to the domestic investor rather than the foreign investor. In addition, these markets are particularly sensitive to social, political, economic, and currency events in Western Europe and Russia and may suffer heavy losses as a result of their trading and investment links to these economies and currencies. Additionally, Russia may attempt to assert its influence in the region through economic or even military measures. The United States and the European Union (“EU”) have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian individuals and companies, including certain financial institutions, and have limited certain exports and imports to and from Russia. These sanctions, or even the threat of further sanctions, may result in the decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities, a weakening of the ruble or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities, either by issuer, sector or the Russian markets as a whole, impairing the ability of a Fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities. In such circumstances, a Fund may be forced to liquidate non-restricted assets in order to satisfy shareholder redemptions. Such liquidation of Fund assets could result in the Fund receiving substantially lower prices for its securities. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. As a result, a Fund’s performance may be adversely affected.
In some of the countries of Eastern Europe, there is no stock exchange or formal market for securities. Such countries may also have government exchange controls, currencies with no recognizable market value relative to the established currencies of Western market economies, little or no experience in trading in securities, no accounting or financial reporting standards, a lack of banking and securities infrastructure to handle such trading and a legal tradition that does not recognize rights in private property. Credit and debt issues and other economic difficulties affecting Western Europe and its financial institutions can negatively affect Eastern European countries.
Eastern European economies may also be particularly susceptible to the international credit market due to their reliance on bank related inflows of foreign capital. The 2008 global financial crisis restricted international credit supplies and several Eastern European economies faced significant credit and economic crises. Although some Eastern European economies are expanding again, major challenges are still present as a result of their continued dependence on the Western European zone for credit and trade. Accordingly, the European crisis may present serious risks for Eastern European economies, which may have a negative effect on a Fund’s investments in the region.
Compared to most national stock markets, the Russian securities market suffers from a variety of problems not encountered in more developed markets. There is little long-term historical data on the Russian securities market because it is relatively new and a substantial proportion of securities transactions in Russia are privately negotiated outside of stock exchanges. The inexperience of the Russian securities market and the limited volume of trading in securities in the market may make obtaining accurate prices on portfolio securities from independent sources more difficult than in more developed markets. Additionally, there is little solid corporate information available to investors. As a result, it may be difficult to assess the value or prospects of an investment in Russian companies.
Because of the recent formation of the Russian securities market as well as the underdeveloped state of the banking and telecommunications systems, settlement, clearing and registration of securities transactions are subject to significant risks not normally associated with securities transactions in the United States and other more developed markets. Prior to 2013, there was no central registration system for equity share registration in Russia and registration was carried out by either the issuers themselves or
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by registrars located throughout Russia. Such registrars were not necessarily subject to effective state supervision nor were they licensed with any governmental entity, thereby increasing the risk that a Fund could lose ownership of its securities through fraud, negligence, or even mere oversight. With the implementation of the National Settlement Depository (“NSD”) in Russia as a recognized central securities depository, title to Russian equities is now based on the records of the NSD and not the registrars. Although the implementation of the NSD is generally expected to decrease the risk of loss in connection with recording and transferring title to securities, issues resulting in loss still might occur. In addition, issuers and registrars are still prominent in the validation and approval of documentation requirements for corporate action processing in Russia. Because the documentation requirements and approval criteria vary between registrars and/or issuers, there remain unclear and inconsistent market standards in the Russian market with respect to the completion and submission of corporate action elections. To the extent that a Fund suffers a loss relating to title or corporate actions relating to its portfolio securities, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce its rights or otherwise remedy the loss.
The Russian economy is heavily dependent upon the export of a range of commodities including most industrial metals, forestry products, oil, and gas. Accordingly, it is strongly affected by international commodity prices and is particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. As the 2008 global financial crisis caused price volatility in commodities, especially oil, many sectors in the Russian economy fell into turmoil, pushing the whole economy into recession. In addition, prior to the global financial crisis, Russia’s economic policy encouraged excessive foreign currency borrowing as high oil prices increased investor appetite for Russian financial assets. As a result of this credit boom, Russia reached alarming debt levels and suffered from the effects of tight credit markets. Russia continues to face significant economic challenges, including weak levels of investment and a sluggish recovery in external demand. In the near term, the fallout from the European crisis and weakened global economy may reduce demand for Russian exports such as oil and gas, which could limit Russia’s economic recovery. Over the long-term, Russia faces challenges including a shrinking workforce, a high level of corruption, and difficulty in accessing capital for smaller, non-energy companies and poor infrastructure in need of large investments.
European Securities. The EU’s Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”) requires eurozone countries to comply with restrictions on interest rates, deficits, debt levels, and inflation rates, fiscal and monetary controls, and other factors, each of which may significantly impact every European country and their economic partners. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or other regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of the EU), the threat of default or actual default by one or more EU member countries on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in one or more EU member countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of other EU member countries and major trading partners outside Europe.
In recent years, the European financial markets have experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns relating to economic downturns, rising government debt levels and national unemployment and the possible default of government debt in several European countries. Several countries have agreed to multi-year bailout loans from the European Central Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other institutions. Responses to financial problems by European governments, central banks, and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have unintended consequences. A default or debt restructuring by any European country can adversely impact holders of that country’s debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country’s creditworthiness, which may be located in other countries and can affect exposures to other EU countries and their financial companies as well. The manner in which the EU and EMU responded to the global recession and sovereign debt issues raised questions about their ability to react quickly to rising borrowing costs and the potential default by an EU country of its sovereign debt and revealed a lack of cohesion in dealing with the fiscal problems of member states. To address budget deficits and public debt concerns, a number of European countries have imposed strict austerity measures and comprehensive financial and labor market reforms, which could increase political or social instability. Some European countries continue to suffer from high unemployment rates. In June 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) voted to withdraw from the EU,
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commonly referred to as “Brexit.” The impact of Brexit is so far uncertain. The effect on the UK’s economy will likely depend on the nature of trade relations with the EU following its exit, a matter to be negotiated. The decision may cause increased volatility and have a significant adverse impact on world financial markets, other international trade agreements, and the UK and European economies, as well as the broader global economy for some time. Additional EU members could decide to abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU, which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments.
Secessionist movements, such as the Catalan movement in Spain, as well as government or other responses to such movements, may also create instability and uncertainty in the region.
The occurrence of terrorist incidents throughout Europe also could impact financial markets. The impact of these events is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching and materially impact the Fund.
Latin America.
Inflation. Most Latin American countries have experienced, at one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates, extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally debilitating effect on economic growth. Although inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain at lower levels.
Political Instability. As an emerging market, Latin America historically suffered from social, political, and economic instability. For investors, this has meant additional risk caused by periods of regional conflict, political corruption, totalitarianism, protectionist measures, nationalization, hyperinflation, debt crises, sudden and large currency devaluation, and intervention by the military in civilian and economic spheres. However, in some Latin American countries, a move to sustainable democracy and a more mature and accountable political environment is under way. Domestic economies have been deregulated, privatization of state-owned companies is almost completed and foreign trade restrictions have been relaxed.
Nonetheless, to the extent that events such as those listed above continue in the future, they could reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities markets in the region. In addition, recent favorable economic performance in much of the region has led to a concern regarding government overspending in certain Latin American countries. Investors in the region continue to face a number of potential risks. Governments of many Latin American countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. Governmental actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in Latin American countries, which could affect the companies in which the Fund invests and, therefore, the value of Fund shares.
Additionally, an investment in Latin America is subject to certain risks stemming from political and economic corruption, which may negatively affect the country or the reputation of companies domiciled in a certain country.
Dependence on Exports and Economic Risk. Certain Latin American countries depend heavily on exports to the U.S. and investments from a small number of countries. Accordingly, these countries may be sensitive to fluctuations in demand, exchange rates and changes in market conditions associated with those countries. The economic growth of most Latin American countries is highly dependent on commodity exports and the economies of certain Latin American countries, particularly Mexico and Venezuela, are highly dependent on oil exports. As a result, these economies are particularly susceptible to fluctuations in the price of oil and other commodities and currency fluctuations. The 2008 global financial crisis weakened the global demand for oil and other commodities and, as a result, Latin American countries faced significant economic difficulties that led certain countries into recession. If global economic conditions worsen, prices for Latin American commodities may experience increased
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volatility and demand may continue to decrease. Although certain of these countries have recently shown signs of recovery, such recovery, if sustained, may be gradual. In addition, prolonged economic difficulties may have negative effects on the transition to a more stable democracy in some Latin American countries. In certain countries, political risk, including nationalization risk, is high.
Sovereign Debt. A number of Latin American countries are among the largest debtors of developing countries and have a history of reliance on foreign debt and default. The majority of the region’s economies have become dependent upon foreign credit and loans from external sources to fund government economic plans. Historically, these plans have frequently resulted in little benefit accruing to the economy. Most countries have been forced to restructure their loans or risk default on their debt obligations. In addition, interest on the debt is subject to market conditions and may reach levels that would impair economic activity and create a difficult and costly environment for borrowers. Accordingly, these governments may be forced to reschedule or freeze their debt repayment, which could negatively affect local markets. Because of their dependence on foreign credit and loans, a number of Latin American economies faced significant economic difficulties and some economies fell into recession as the 2008 global financial crisis tightened international credit supplies. While the region has recently shown signs of economic improvement, recovery from past economic downturns in Latin America has historically been slow, and any such recovery, if sustained, may be gradual. The European crisis and weakened global economy may reduce demand for exports from Latin America and limit the availability of foreign credit for some countries in the region. As a result, a Fund’s investments in Latin American securities could be harmed if economic recovery in the region is limited.
Pacific Basin Region. Many Asian countries may be subject to a greater degree of social, political and economic instability than is the case in the U.S. and Western European countries. Such instability may result from, among other things, (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision-making, including changes in government through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; and (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection. In addition, the Asia Pacific geographic region has historically been prone to natural disasters. The occurrence of a natural disaster in the region could negatively impact the economy of any country in the region. The existence of overburdened infrastructure and obsolete financial systems also presents risks in certain Asian countries, as do environmental problems.
The economies of most of the Asian countries are heavily dependent on international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and the economic conditions of their trading partners, principally, the U.S., Japan, China and the European Union. The enactment by the U.S. or other principal trading partners of protectionist trade legislation, reduction of foreign investment in the local economies and general declines in the international securities markets could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of the Asian countries. The 2008 global financial crisis spread to the region, significantly lowering its exports and foreign investments in the region, which are driving forces of its economic growth. In addition, the economic crisis also significantly affected consumer confidence and local stock markets. Although the economies of many countries in the region have recently shown signs of recovery from the crisis, such recovery, if sustained, may be gradual. Furthermore, any such recovery may be limited or hindered by the reduced demand for exports and lack of available capital for investment resulting from the European crisis and weakened global economy. The economies of certain Asian countries depend to a significant degree upon exports of primary commodities and, therefore, are vulnerable to changes in commodity prices that, in turn, may be affected by a variety of factors. In addition, certain developing Asian countries, such as the Philippines and India are especially large debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments.
The securities markets in Asia are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets in the U.S. A high proportion of the shares of many issuers may be held by a limited number of persons and financial institutions, which may limit the number of shares available for investment by a Fund. Similarly, volume and liquidity in the bond markets in Asia are less than in the U.S. and, at times, price volatility can be greater than in the U.S. A limited number of issuers in Asian
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securities markets may represent a disproportionately large percentage of market capitalization and trading value. The limited liquidity of securities markets in Asia may also affect a Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so. In addition, the Asian securities markets are susceptible to being influenced by large investors trading significant blocks of securities.
Many stock markets are undergoing a period of growth and change which may result in trading volatility and difficulties in the settlement and recording of transactions, and in interpreting and applying the relevant law and regulations. With respect to investments in the currencies of Asian countries, changes in the value of those currencies against the U.S. dollar will result in corresponding changes in the U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets denominated in those currencies. Some developing Asian countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets, particularly their equity markets, by foreign entities such as a Fund. As illustrations, certain countries may require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company or limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of a company which may have less advantageous terms (including price and shareholder rights) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to obtain required governmental approvals in a timely manner. In addition, changes to restrictions on foreign ownership of securities subsequent to a Fund’s purchase of such securities may have an adverse effect on the value of such shares. Certain countries may restrict investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests.
Chinese Companies. Investing in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in other more established economies or securities markets. Such risks may include: (a) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (b) greater social, economic and political uncertainty (including the risk of war); (c) dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (d) the increasing competition from Asia’s other low-cost emerging economies; (e) greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets, particularly in China; (f) currency exchange rate fluctuations and the lack of available currency hedging instruments; (g) higher rates of inflation; (h) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the Fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (i) greater governmental involvement in and control over the economy, and greater intervention in the Chinese financial markets, such as the imposition of trading restrictions; (j) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support the economic reform programs implemented since 1978 and could return to the prior, completely centrally planned, economy; (k) the fact that Chinese companies, particularly those located in China, may be smaller, less seasoned and newly-organized companies; (l) the difference in, or lack of auditing and financial reporting standards which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers, particularly in China; (m) the fact that statistical information regarding the Chinese economy may be inaccurate or not comparable to statistical information regarding the U.S. or other economies; (n) the less extensive, and still developing, regulation of the securities markets, business entities and commercial transactions; (o) the fact that the settlement period of securities transactions in foreign markets may be longer; (p) the willingness and ability of the Chinese government to support the Chinese and Hong Kong economies and markets is uncertain; (q) the risk that it may be more difficult or impossible, to obtain and/ or enforce a judgment than in other countries; (r) the rapidity and erratic nature of growth, particularly in China, resulting in inefficiencies and dislocations; and (s) the risk that, because of the degree of interconnectivity between the economies and financial markets of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, any sizable reduction in the demand for goods from China, or an economic downturn in China could negatively affect the economies and financial markets of Hong Kong and Taiwan, as well.
Investment in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan is subject to certain political risks. China’s economy has transitioned from a rigidly central-planned state-run economy to one that has been only partially reformed by more market-oriented policies. Although the Chinese government has implemented economic reform measures, reduced state ownership of companies and established better corporate governance practices, a substantial portion of productive assets in China are still owned by the Chinese government. The government continues to exercise significant control over regulating industrial development and,
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ultimately, control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
China continues to limit direct foreign investments generally in industries deemed important to national interests. Foreign investment in domestic securities are also subject to substantial restrictions. Some believe that China’s currency is undervalued. Currency fluctuations could significantly affect China and its trading partners. China continues to exercise control over the value of its currency, rather than allowing the value of the currency to be determined by market forces. This type of currency regime may experience sudden and significant currency adjustments, which may adversely impact investment returns. For decades, a state of hostility has existed between Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China. Beijing has long deemed Taiwan a part of the “one China” and has made a nationalist cause of recovering it. This situation poses a threat to Taiwan’s economy and could negatively affect its stock market. By treaty, China has committed to preserve Hong Kong’s autonomy and its economic, political and social freedoms until 2047. However, if China would exert its authority so as to alter the economic, political or legal structures or the existing social policy of Hong Kong, investor and business confidence in Hong Kong could be negatively affected, which in turn could negatively affect markets and business performance.
China could be affected by military events on the Korean peninsula or internal instability within North Korea. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market and may adversely affect performance of the Chinese economy.
Forward Contracts and Futures Contracts — The Fund may enter into forward and futures contracts. Forward and futures contracts, including equity, interest rate and treasury futures contracts, obligate the purchaser to take delivery of, or cash settle, a specific amount of a commodity, security or obligation underlying the contract at a specified time in the future for a specified price. Likewise, the seller incurs an obligation to deliver the specified amount of the underlying obligation against receipt of the specified price. Futures are traded on both U.S. and foreign commodities exchanges. A forward is a private agreement between two parties and is not traded on an exchange.
No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract the Fund is required to deposit “initial margin” consisting of cash or U.S. Government Securities in an amount set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and varying based on the volatility of the underlying asset. Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to the Fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, the Fund may be required by a futures exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.
Subsequent “variation margin” payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as “marking-to-market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of the Fund’s obligations to or from a futures broker. When the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.
Purchasers and sellers of futures contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Positions in futures contracts may be closed only on a futures exchange or board of trade that trades that contract. The Fund
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intends to enter into futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract.
Although many futures contracts by their terms call for the actual delivery or acquisition of the underlying asset, in most cases the contractual obligation is fulfilled before the date of the contract without having to make or take such delivery of the securities or currency.
The offsetting of a contractual obligation is accomplished by buying (or selling, as appropriate) on a commodities exchange an identical futures contract calling for delivery in the same month. Such a transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the securities or currency. Since all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, the Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases or sells futures contracts. The Fund has no current intent to accept physical delivery in connection with the settlement of futures contracts, as applicable.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If the Fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the futures contract or option thereon or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of securities price or currency exchange rate trends by the sub-advisor may still not result in a successful transaction.
Futures contracts also entail other risks. Although the use of such contracts may benefit the Fund, if investment judgment about the general direction of, for example, an index is incorrect, the Fund’s overall performance would be worse than if it had not entered into any such contract. There are differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. The Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a forward contract in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a counterparty. If such a default occurs, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the forward contract, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor.
Forward Foreign Currency Contracts. The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency contracts (“forward currency contracts”) for a variety of reasons. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specified currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the
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date of the contract agreed upon by the parties at a price set at the time of the contract. Because these forward currency contracts normally are settled through an exchange of currencies, they are traded in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
Forward currency contracts may serve as long hedges — for example, the Fund may purchase a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar price of a security denominated in a foreign currency that it intends to acquire. Forward currency contract transactions also may serve as short hedges — for example, the Fund may sell a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security or from a dividend or interest payment on a security denominated in a foreign currency.
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts to sell a foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. In addition, the Fund may use forward currency contracts when the sub-advisor wishes to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of a security when the Fund is purchasing or selling a security denominated in a foreign currency or anticipates receiving a dividend or interest payment denominated in a foreign currency.
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts for the purchase or sale of a specified currency at a specified future date either with respect to specific transactions or with respect to portfolio positions in order to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies.
The Fund may use forward currency contracts to seek to hedge against, or profit from, changes in the value of a particular currency by using forward currency contracts on another foreign currency or a basket of currencies, the value of which the applicable sub-advisor believes will have a positive correlation to the values of the currency being hedged. When hedging, use of a different foreign currency magnifies the risk that movements in the price of the forward contract will not correlate or will correlate unfavorably with the foreign currency being hedged. In addition, the Fund may use forward currency contracts to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. For example, if the Fund owned securities denominated in a foreign currency that the sub-advisor believed would decline relative to another currency, it might enter into a forward currency contract to sell an appropriate amount of the first foreign currency, with payment to be made in the second currency. Transactions that involve two foreign currencies are sometimes referred to as “cross hedging.” Use of a different foreign currency magnifies the Fund’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
The cost to the Fund of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts usually are entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. When the Fund enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
Sellers or purchasers of forward currency contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions on futures, by purchasing or selling, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument sold or bought, respectively. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, however, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out a forward currency contract at any time prior to maturity. In either event, the Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position, and would continue to be required to maintain cash or a liquid position sufficient to cover the Fund’s obligations with respect to the forward currency contract.
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The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of securities, whose U.S. dollar value is being hedged by those contracts involved, generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the foreign currency, will change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, the Fund might need to purchase or sell foreign currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such foreign currencies are not covered by forward contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
The Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a forward currency contract in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a counterparty. If such a default occurs, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the forward currency contract, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor.
Non-Deliverable Currency Forwards. The Fund also may enter into non-deliverable currency forwards (“NDFs”). NDFs are cash-settled, short-term forward contracts on foreign currencies (each a “Reference Currency”), generally on currencies that are non-convertible, and may be thinly traded or illiquid. NDFs involve an obligation to pay a U. S. dollar amount (the “Settlement Amount”) equal to the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate for the Reference Currency and the agreed upon exchange rate (the “NDF Rate”), with respect to an agreed notional amount. NDFs have a fixing date and a settlement (delivery) date. The fixing date is the date and time at which the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate and the agreed upon exchange rate is calculated. The settlement (delivery) date is the date by which the payment of the Settlement Amount is due to the party receiving payment.
Although NDFs are similar to other forward currency contracts, NDFs do not require physical delivery of each Reference Currency on the settlement date. Rather, on the settlement date, one counterparty pays the Settlement Amount. NDFs typically may have terms from one month up to two years and are settled in U.S. dollars.
The Fund will typically use NDFs for hedging purposes or for direct investment in a foreign country for income or gain. The use of NDFs for hedging or to increase income or gain may not be successful, resulting in losses to the Fund, and the cost of such strategies may reduce the Fund’s respective returns.
NDFs are subject to many of the risks associated with derivatives in general and forward currency transactions including risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency and the risk that the counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations. In addition, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations adopted by the CFTC in connection with implementing the Dodd-Frank Act, NDFs are deemed to be swaps, and consequently commodity interests for purposes of amended Regulation 4.5.
Although NDFs have historically been traded OTC, in the future pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, they may be exchange-traded. Under such circumstances, they will be centrally cleared and a secondary market for them will exist. All NDFs are subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty will not perform as contractually required under the NDF. With respect to NDFs that are centrally-cleared, the Fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with the clearing organization as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if it breaches its obligations under the NDF, becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be entitled to the net amount of gains the investor is entitled to receive plus the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the clearing organization’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the investor.
Futures Contracts on Stock Indices. The Fund may enter into contracts providing for the making and acceptance of a cash settlement based upon changes in the value of an index of securities (“Index Futures Contracts”). This technique may be used to hedge against anticipated future changes in market
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prices that otherwise might either adversely affect the value of securities held by the Fund or adversely affect the prices of securities that are intended to be purchased for the Fund at a later date.
In general, each hedging transaction in Index Futures Contracts involves the establishment of a position that will move in a direction opposite to that of the investment being hedged. If these hedging transactions are successful, the futures positions taken for the Fund will rise in value by an amount that approximately offsets the decline in value of the portion of the Fund’s investments that are being hedged. Should general market prices move in an unexpected manner, the full anticipated benefits of Index Futures Contracts may not be achieved or a loss may be realized.
Transactions in Index Futures Contracts involve certain risks. These risks could include a lack of correlation between the Futures Contract and the equity market, a potential lack of liquidity in the market and incorrect assessments of market trends, which may result in worse overall performance than if a Futures Contract had not been entered into.
Brokerage costs will be incurred and “margin” will be required to be posted and maintained as a good-faith deposit against performance of obligations under Futures Contracts written into by the Fund.
High-Yield Bonds — High-yield, non-investment grade bonds (also known as “junk bonds”) are low-quality, high-risk corporate bonds that generally offer a high level of current income. These bonds are considered speculative by rating organizations. For example, Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, Inc. rate them below Baa and BBB, respectively. Please see “Appendix C Ratings Definitions” below for an explanation of the ratings applied to high-yield bonds. High-yield bonds are often issued as a result of corporate restructurings, such as leveraged buyouts, mergers, acquisitions, or other similar events. They may also be issued by smaller, less creditworthy companies or by highly leveraged firms, which are generally less able to make scheduled payments of interest and principal than more financially stable firms. Because of their low credit quality, high-yield bonds must pay higher interest to compensate investors for the substantial credit risk they assume. In order to minimize credit risk, the Fund intends to diversify its holdings among multiple bond issuers.
Lower-rated securities are subject to certain risks that may not be present with investments in higher-grade securities. Investors should consider carefully their ability to assume the risks associated with lower-rated securities before investing in the Fund. The lower rating of certain high yielding corporate income securities reflects a greater possibility that the financial condition of the issuer or adverse changes in general economic conditions may impair the ability of the issuer to pay income and principal. Changes by rating agencies in their ratings of a fixed income security also may affect the value of these investments. However, allocating investments in the Fund among securities of different issuers should reduce the risks of owning any such securities separately. The prices of these high yielding securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. During economic downturns or periods of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that adversely affects their ability to service principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals or to obtain additional financing, and the markets for their securities may be more volatile. If an issuer defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Additionally, accruals of interest income for the Fund may have to be adjusted in the event of default. In the event of an issuer’s default, the Fund may write off prior income accruals for that issuer, resulting in a reduction in the Fund’s current dividend payment. Frequently, the higher yields of high-yielding securities may not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities may expect, but rather the risk that such securities may lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of their issuer’s financial restructuring or default. Additionally, an economic downturn or an increase in interest rates could have a negative effect on the high-yield securities market and on the market value of the high-yield securities held by the Fund, as well as on the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and interest on their borrowings.
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Illiquid and Restricted Securities — Generally, an illiquid asset is an asset that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, and repurchase agreements having a remaining maturity of longer than seven calendar days. Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. These securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment. However, the fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale of such investments to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of their liquidity.
Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities, and the Fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven calendar days. In addition, the Fund may get only limited information about an issuer, so it may be less able to predict a loss. The Fund also might have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recognition of the increased size and liquidity of the institutional market for unregistered securities and the importance of institutional investors in the formation of capital, the SEC adopted Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Rule 144A is designed to facilitate efficient trading among institutional investors by permitting the sale of certain unregistered securities to qualified institutional buyers. To the extent privately placed securities held by the Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, the Fund likely will be able to dispose of the securities without registering them under the Securities Act. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities, investing in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of the Fund’s illiquidity. The Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, may determine that certain securities qualified for trading under Rule 144A are liquid. Regulation S under the Securities Act permits the sale abroad of securities that are not registered for sale in the United States and includes a provision for U.S. investors, such as the Fund, to purchase such unregistered securities if certain conditions are met.
Securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the “private placement” exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act (“Section 4(a)(2) securities”) are restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws, and generally are sold to institutional investors, such as the Fund that agree they are purchasing the securities for investment and not with an intention to distribute to the public. Any resale by the purchaser must be pursuant to an exempt transaction and may be accomplished in accordance with Rule 144A. Section 4(a)(2) securities normally are resold to other institutional investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or dealers that make a market in the Section 4(a)(2) securities, thus providing liquidity.
The Manager and the sub-advisor will carefully monitor the Fund’s investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities offered and sold under Rule 144A, focusing on such important factors, among others, as valuation, liquidity, and availability of information. Investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities could have the effect of reducing the Fund’s liquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers no longer wish to purchase these restricted securities.
Index Futures Contracts and Options on Index Futures Contracts — The Fund may invest in index futures contracts, including futures contracts on equity indices, for investment purposes, including for
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short-term cash management purposes. Like other futures contracts, index futures contracts are derivatives. For a further discussion of the risks of derivatives instruments, see “Derivatives.”
Index Futures Contracts. An index futures contract is a U.S. futures contract traded on an exchange that has been designated a “contract market” by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant, or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant contract market. Index futures contracts are traded on a number of exchanges and generally are cash settled. At the same time an index futures contract on an index is purchased or sold, the Fund must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment (“initial deposit”) based on the contract’s face value. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued and the payment of “variation margin” may be required.
Options on Index Futures Contracts. The purchase of or selling (writing) of options on an index futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase or selling (writing) of options on such an index.
The Fund may write a call option on an index futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which, if used to hedge, provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the value of the Fund’s holdings. If, however, the price of the futures at expiration is above the option exercise price, the Fund generally will be required to make a settlement payment equivalent to the difference in the strike price of the option and the price of the applicable futures contract at expiration multiplied by any applicable multiplier. In addition, if the futures contract underlying the option does not have the same delivery date as the option’s expiration date, the Fund will be assigned a short position in the relevant futures contract. The writing of a put option on an index futures contract works in a similar manner and may constitute a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities underlying the index. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, the option will expire, and the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which could provide a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss that will be reduced by the amount of the premium it receives. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its futures positions, the Fund’s losses or gains from existing options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract with respect to an index is similar in some respects to the purchase of protective put options on the index. For example, the Fund may purchase a put option on an index futures contract to hedge against the risk of lowering securities values.
The amount of risk the Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract with respect to an index is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of such an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.
Options on Securities Indices. The Fund may purchase and write (sell) put and call options on securities indices. A securities index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Options on securities indices generally are similar to options on securities except that the delivery requirements are different. Instead of giving the right to take or make delivery of securities at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive a cash “exercise settlement amount” equal to (a) the amount, if any, by which the fixed exercise price of the option exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the closing value of the underlying index on the date of exercise, multiplied by (b) a fixed “index multiplier.” The writer of the option is obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount. The writer may offset its position in stock index options prior to expiration by entering into a closing transaction on an exchange or the option may expire unexercised.
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The Fund may write (sell) call and put options to a limited extent on an index in an attempt to increase income.
By writing a covered call option, the Fund forgoes, in exchange for the premium less the commission (“net premium”), the opportunity to profit during the option period from an increase in the market value of an index above the exercise price. By writing a put option, the Fund, in exchange for the net premium received, accepts the risk of a decline in the market value of the index below the exercise price.
The Fund may terminate its obligation as the writer of a call or put option by purchasing an option with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option previously written.
When the Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium received by the Fund is included in the liability section of the Fund’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of the deferred credit will be subsequently marked to market to reflect the current market value of the option written, which is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the mean between the closing bid and asked price. If an option expires unexercised on its stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, the Fund will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the premium received when the option was sold), and the deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated.
The hours of trading for options on an index may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or continue. Options on securities indices require settlement in cash. Therefore, the sub-advisor may be forced to liquidate portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations. Because the value of an index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss from the purchase or writing of options on an index depends upon movements in the level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in the price of a particular stock.
Interfund Lending — Pursuant to an order issued by the SEC, the American Beacon Funds may participate in a credit facility whereby each American Beacon Fund, under certain conditions, is permitted to lend money directly to and borrow directly from other American Beacon Funds for temporary purposes. The credit facility is administered by a credit facility team consisting of professionals from the Manager’s asset management, compliance, and accounting areas who report on credit facility activities to the Trust’s Board of Trustees (“Board”). The credit facility can provide a borrowing fund with savings at times when the cash position of a fund is insufficient to meet temporary cash requirements. This situation could arise when shareholder redemptions exceed anticipated volumes and certain funds have insufficient cash on hand to satisfy such redemptions or when sales of securities do not settle as expected, resulting in a cash shortfall for a fund. When the funds liquidate portfolio securities to meet redemption requests, they often do not receive payment in settlement for up to two days (or longer for certain foreign transactions). However, redemption requests normally are satisfied the next business day. The credit facility provides a source of immediate, short-term liquidity pending settlement of the sale of portfolio securities. Although the credit facility may reduce the Fund’s need to borrow from banks, the Fund remains free to establish and utilize lines of credit or other borrowing arrangements with banks.
Investment Grade Securities — Investment grade securities that the Fund may purchase, either as part of its principal investment strategy or to implement its temporary defensive policy, include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, as well as securities rated in one of the four highest rating categories by at least two rating organizations rating that security (such as Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, Fitch, Inc. or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.) or rated in one of the four highest rating categories by one rating organization if it is the only organization rating that security. The Fund, at the discretion of the Manager or the applicable sub-advisor, may retain a security
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that has been downgraded below the initial investment criteria. Please see “Appendix C Ratings Definitions” for an explanation of rating categories.
Issuer Risk — The value of an investment may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Market Events — Turbulence in the economic, political and financial system has historically resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the capital markets. Both domestic and foreign capital markets have been experiencing increased volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected, and it is uncertain whether or for how long these conditions could continue.
Reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. This reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in small or emerging market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their security prices. These events and possible continued market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund.
Options — The Fund may purchase and sell put options and call options on securities and foreign currencies in standardized contracts traded on recognized securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, or quoted on the NASDAQ National Market System. The Fund will only write (sell) covered call and put options. For a further description, see “Cover and Asset Segregation.”
An option is a contract that gives the purchaser (holder) of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the seller (writer) of the option the security or currency underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option (normally not exceeding nine months). The writer of an option has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver, or pay the value of, the underlying security or currency upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security or currency.
By writing a covered call option, the Fund forgoes, in exchange for the premium less the commission (“net premium”), the opportunity to profit during the option period from an increase in the market value of the underlying security or currency above the exercise price. By writing a put option, the Fund, in exchange for the net premium received, accepts the risk of a decline in the market value of the underlying security or currency below the exercise price.
The Fund may terminate its obligation as the writer of a call or put option by purchasing an option with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option previously written.
When the Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium received by the Fund is included in the liability section of the Fund’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of the deferred credit will be subsequently marked to market to reflect the current market value of the option written. The current market value of a traded option is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the mean between the closing bid and asked price. If an option expires on its stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, the Fund will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the premium received when the option was sold), and the deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated.
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities markets that cannot be
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reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or continue. The Fund may use non-deliverable options (“NDOs”) which is a foreign exchange product designed to assist in reducing the foreign exchange risk in particular situations when physical delivery of the underlying currencies is not required or not possible.
The Fund may write (sell) and purchase covered call and put options on foreign currencies for hedging or non-hedging purposes. The Fund may use options on foreign currencies to protect against decreases in the U.S. dollar value of securities held or increases in the U.S. dollar cost of securities to be acquired by the Fund or to protect the U.S. dollar equivalent of dividends, interest, or other payments on those securities. In addition, the Fund may write and purchase covered call and put options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes (e.g., when the Manager or sub-advisor anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value, but securities denominated in that currency do not present attractive investment opportunities and are not held in the Fund’s investment portfolio). The Fund may write covered call and put options on any currency in order to realize greater income than would be realized on portfolio securities alone.
Currency options have characteristics and risks similar to those of securities options, as discussed herein. Certain options on foreign currencies are traded on the OTC market and involve liquidity and credit risks that may not be present in the case of exchange-traded currency options.
Other Investment Company Securities and Exchange-Traded Products — The Fund at times may invest in shares of other investment companies and exchange-traded products, including open-end funds, closed-end funds, business development companies, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), and interests in unit investment trusts. The Fund may invest in investment company securities advised by the Manager or the sub-advisor. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. These other fees and expenses are reflected as Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and are included in the Fees and Expenses Table for the Fund in its Proxy Statement, if applicable. Investment in other investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above the value of such issuer’s portfolio securities.
The Fund can invest free cash balances in registered open-end investment companies regulated as money market funds under the Investment Company Act, to provide liquidity or for defensive purposes. The Fund would invest in money market funds rather than purchasing individual short-term investments. If the Fund invests in money market funds shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which the Fund invests, including such fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager.
Although a money market fund is designed to be a relatively low risk investment, it is not free of risk. Despite the short maturities and high credit quality of a money market fund’s investments, increases in interest rates and deteriorations in the credit quality of the instruments the money market fund has purchased may reduce the money market fund’s yield and can cause the price of a money market security to decrease. In addition, a money market fund is subject to the risk that the value of an investment may be eroded over time by inflation.
The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs. ETFs trade like a common stock and passive ETFs usually represent a fixed portfolio of securities designed to track the performance and dividend yield of a particular domestic or foreign market index. Typically, the Fund would purchase passive ETF shares to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. As a shareholder of an ETF, the Fund
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would be subject to its ratable share of the ETF’s expenses, including its advisory and administration expenses.
An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional mutual fund (i.e., one that is not exchange-traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and the Fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a discount or premium to their NAV per share; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; or (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the listing exchange’s officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are de-listed from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally. The Fund may also invest in ETNs, which are structured debt securities. Whereas ETFs’ liabilities are secured by their portfolio securities, ETNs’ liabilities are unsecured general obligations of the issuer. ETFs and ETNs have expenses associated with their operation, typically including, with respect to ETFs, advisory fees.
The Fund’s investment in securities of other investment companies, except for money market funds, is generally limited to (i) 3% of the total voting stock of any one investment company, (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets in all investment companies in the aggregate. However, the Fund may exceed these limits when investing in shares of an ETF or other investment company, subject, under certain circumstances, to a statutory exemption or to the terms and conditions of an exemptive order from the SEC obtained by the ETF or other investment company that permits an investing fund such as the Fund, to invest in the ETF or other investment company in excess of the limits described above.
Pay-in-Kind Securities — Pay-in-kind securities are debt securities that do not make regular cash interest payments. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest through the issuance of additional securities. Because these securities do not pay current cash income, their price can be volatile when interest rates fluctuate. Federal income tax law requires a holder of pay-in-kind securities to include in gross income each taxable year the portion of the non-cash income on those securities (i.e., the additional securities issued as interest thereon) accrued during that year.
In order to continue to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Internal Revenue Code”) and avoid federal excise tax, the Fund may be required to distribute a portion of such non-cash income and may be required to dispose of other portfolio securities (which may occur in periods of adverse market prices) in order to generate cash to meet these distribution requirements. See the section entitled “Tax Information.”
Preferred Stock — A preferred stock blends the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership but does not have the seniority of a bond and its participation in the issuer’s growth may be limited. Preferred stock generally has preference over common stock in the receipt of dividends and in any residual assets after payment to creditors should the issuer be dissolved. Although the dividend is set at a fixed or variable rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks associated with other types of equity securities, as well as additional risks, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, potentially greater volatility and risks related to deferral, non-cumulative dividends, subordination, liquidity, limited voting rights, and special redemption rights.
Real Estate Related Investments — The Fund may gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked derivatives, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. Adverse economic, business or political developments affecting real estate could have a major effect on the value of the Fund’s investments. Investing in securities issued by real estate and real estate-related companies may subject the Fund to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Changes in interest rates, debt leverage ratios,
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debt maturity schedules, and the availability of credit to real estate companies may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in real estate securities. Real estate securities are dependent upon specialized management skills at the operating company level, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of properties. Real estate securities are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers. The real estate industry tends to be cyclical. Such cycles may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio. The Fund will indirectly bear a proportionate share of a REIT’s ongoing operating fees and expense. In addition, a REIT is subject to the possibility of failing to (a) qualify for tax-free pass-through of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code and (b) maintain exemption eligibility from Investment Company Act registration requirements.
Repurchase Agreements — A repurchase agreement is an agreement between the Fund as purchaser and an approved counterparty as seller. The agreement is backed by collateral in the form of securities and/or cash transferred by the seller to the buyer, sometimes to be held by an eligible third-party custodian. Under the agreement, the Fund acquires securities from the seller and the seller simultaneously commits to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price and date, normally within a week or on demand. The price for the seller to repurchase the securities is greater than the Fund’s purchase price, reflecting an agreed upon rate that is the equivalent of interest. During the term of the repurchase agreement, the Fund monitors on a daily basis the market value of the collateral subject to the agreement and, if the market value of the securities falls below the seller’s repurchase amount provided under the repurchase agreement, the seller is required to transfer additional securities or cash collateral equal to the amount by which the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase amount. Because a repurchase agreement permits the Fund to invest temporarily available cash on a fully-collateralized basis, repurchase agreements permit the Fund to earn income while retaining flexibility in pursuit of longer-term investments. Repurchase agreements may exhibit the economic characteristics of loans by the Fund.
The obligation of the seller under the repurchase agreement is not guaranteed, and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying securities, whether because of the seller’s bankruptcy or otherwise. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise its rights with respect to the underlying collateral, including possible sale of the securities. The Fund may incur various expenses in the connection with the exercise of its rights and may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (a) possible declines in the value of the underlying collateral, (b) possible reduction in levels of income and (c) lack of access to the securities (if they are held through a third-party custodian) and possible inability to enforce the Fund’s rights. The Board has established procedures pursuant to which the sub-advisor monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties with which the Fund enters into repurchase agreement transactions.
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with member banks of the Federal Reserve System or registered broker-dealers who, in the opinion of the sub-advisor, present a minimal risk of default during the term of the agreement. The underlying securities which serve as collateral for repurchase agreements may include equity and fixed income securities such as U.S. Government and agency securities, municipal obligations, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, common and preferred stock, depositary receipts, ETFs, corporate obligations and convertible securities.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements — The Fund may borrow funds by entering into reverse repurchase agreements. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund would sell portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker/dealers and agree to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price. At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will place, in a segregated custodial account, assets such as liquid high quality debt securities having a value not less than 100% of the repurchase price (including accrued interest), and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such required value is maintained. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
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Securities Loan Transactions — Securities loan transactions involve the lending of securities to a broker-dealer or institutional investor for its use in connection with short sales, arbitrages or other security transactions. The purpose of a securities loan transaction is to capture any demand premium paid by the borrower and to enable the Fund to continue to own the securities loaned and at the same time earn fee income or income on the collateral held or reinvested by it. Cash collateral received through securities loan transactions may be invested only in those categories of high quality liquid securities previously authorized by the Board. Please see the “Lending of Portfolio Securities” section for additional information.
Securities loans will be made in accordance with the following conditions: (1) the Fund receives at least 100% collateral in the form of cash or cash equivalents, securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, and approved bank letters of credit; (2) the borrower increases the collateral whenever the market value of the loaned securities (determined on a daily basis) rises above the level of collateral; (3) the Fund is able to terminate the loan after notice, at any time; (4) the Fund receives reasonable interest or other return on the loan or a flat fee from the borrower, as well as amounts equivalent to any dividends, interest or other distributions on the securities loaned, and any increase in market value of the loaned securities; (5) the Fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection with the loan; and (6) voting rights on the securities loaned may pass to the borrower, provided, however, that the Fund must be entitled to terminate the loan in order to be able to vote the loaned securities on material issues.
While there may be delays in recovery of loaned securities or even a loss of rights in collateral supplied should the borrower fail financially, loans will be made only to firms deemed to be of good financial standing pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board and will not be made unless the consideration to be earned from such loans is deemed by the Manager to justify the risk. If the borrower of the securities fails financially, there is a risk of delay in recovery of the securities loaned or loss of rights in the collateral.
The cash collateral so acquired through securities loan transactions may be invested only in those categories of high quality liquid securities previously authorized by the Board.
Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities and Zero Coupon Obligations — Separately traded registered interest and principal securities or “STRIPS” and zero coupon obligations are securities that do not make regular interest payments. Instead they are sold at a discount from their face value. The Fund will take into account as income a portion of the difference between these obligations’ purchase prices and their face values. Because they do not pay coupon income, the prices of STRIPS and zero coupon obligations can be very volatile when interest rates change. STRIPS are zero coupon bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury.
Short Sales — The sub-advisor may sell a security the Fund does not own, or in an amount greater than the Fund owns (i.e., make short sales). Generally, to complete a short sale transaction, the Fund or its broker will borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed. If the price at the time of replacement is more than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund, the Fund will incur a loss. Conversely, the Fund will realize a gain if the price of the security decreases between selling short and replacement. Although the Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay fees or any interest that accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker and the Fund will pledge additional collateral to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements until the short position is closed out. Until the Fund replaces the borrowed security, it will (a) maintain in a segregated account or earmark with its custodian cash or liquid securities at such a level that the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current market value of the security sold short or (b) otherwise cover its short position in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. The Fund’s policies and procedures regarding segregating such assets are described more fully under “Cover and Asset Segregation” in this SAI.
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Short sales “against the box” are transactions in which the Fund sells a security short but it also owns an equal amount of the securities sold short or owns securities that are convertible or exchangeable, without payment of further consideration, into an equal amount of such security.
The Fund may make a short sale when the sub-advisor believes the price of the stock may decline and when the sub-advisor does not currently want to sell the stock or convertible security it owns. In this case, any decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities would be reduced by a gain in the short sale transaction. Conversely, any increase in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities would be reduced by a loss in the short sale transaction.
Swap Agreements — A swap is a transaction in which the Fund and a counterparty agree to pay or receive payments at specified dates based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (e.g., interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps) or the performance of specified securities or indices based on a specified amount (the “notional” amount). Nearly any type of derivative, including forward contracts, can be structured as a swap. See “Derivatives” for a further discussion of derivatives risks.
Swap agreements can be structured to provide exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. For example, in an interest rate swap, fixed-rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; in a currency swap, U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a foreign currency; and in a total return swap, payments tied to the investment return on a particular asset, group of assets or index may be exchanged for payments that are effectively equivalent to interest payments or for payments tied to the return on another asset, group of assets, or index. Swaps may have a leverage component, and adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate or index can result in gains or losses that are substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself.
Some swaps currently are, and more in the future will be, centrally cleared. Swaps that are centrally-cleared are exposed to the creditworthiness of the clearing organizations (and, consequently, that of their members—generally, banks and broker-dealers) involved in the transaction. For example, an investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with the clearing organization as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if it breaches its agreement with the investor or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be able to recover only a portion of the net amount of gains on its transactions and of the margin owed to it, potentially resulting in losses to the investor.
Swaps that are not centrally cleared, involve the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. To mitigate this risk, the Fund will only enter into swap agreements with counterparties considered by the sub-advisor to present minimum risk of default, and the Fund normally obtains collateral to secure its exposure. Changing conditions in a particular market, whether or not directly related to the referenced assets that underlie the swap agreement, may have an adverse impact on the creditworthiness of a counterparty.
The centrally cleared and OTC swap agreements into which the Fund enters normally provide for the obligations of the Fund and its counterparty in the event of a default or other early termination to be determined on a net basis. Similarly, periodic payments on a swap transaction that are due by each party on the same day normally are netted. To the extent that a swap agreement is subject to netting, the Fund’s cover and asset segregation responsibilities will normally be with respect to the net amount owed by the Fund. See “Cover and Asset Segregation” for additional discussion of these matters. However, the Fund may be required to segregate liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of certain swaps, such as written credit default swaps on physically settled forwards or written options. The amount that the Fund must segregate may be reduced by the value of any collateral that it has pledged to secure its own obligations under the swap.
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The use of swap agreements requires special skills, knowledge and investment techniques that differ from those required for normal portfolio management. Swaps may be considered illiquid investments; see “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” for a description of liquidity risk.
Credit Default Swaps. In a credit default swap, one party (the seller) agrees to make a payment to the other party (the buyer) in the event that a “credit event,” such as a default or issuer insolvency occurs with respect to one or more underlying or “reference” bonds or other debt securities. The Fund may be either a seller or a buyer of credit protection under a credit default swap. Credit default swaps may be on a single security, a basket of securities or on a securities index. The purchaser pays a fee during the life of the swap. If there is a credit event with respect to a referenced debt security, the seller under a credit default swap may be required to pay the buyer the par amount (or a specified percentage of the par amount) of that security in exchange for receiving the referenced security (or a specified alternative security) from the buyer. Alternatively, the credit default swap may be cash settled, meaning that the seller will pay the buyer the difference between the par value and the market value of the defaulted bonds. If the swap is on a basket of securities (such as the CDX indices), the notional amount of the swap is reduced by the par amount of the defaulted bond, and the fixed payments are then made on the reduced notional amount. Taking a long position in (i.e., acting as a seller) a credit default swap decreases the exposure to the underlying issuers. The risks of being the buyer of credit default swaps include the cost of paying for credit protection if there are no credit events, pricing transparency when assessing the value of the credit default swap, counterparty risk, and the need to fund any delivery obligation, particularly in the event of adverse pricing when purchasing bonds to satisfy a delivery obligation. Credit default swap buyers are subject to counterparty risk since the ability of the seller to make required payments is dependent on its creditworthiness. Taking a short position in (i.e., acting as a buyer) a credit swap results in opposite exposures for the Fund.
Currency Swaps. A currency swap involves the exchange of payments denominated in one currency for payments denominated in another. Payments are based on a notional principal amount, the value of which is fixed in exchange rate terms at the swap’s inception. Currency swaps are subject to currency risk.
Equity Swaps. Equity swaps are subject to liquidity risk because the liquidity of equity swaps is based on the liquidity of the underlying instrument, and are subject to counterparty risk, i.e., the risk that the counterparty to the equity swap transaction may be unable or unwilling to make payments or to otherwise honor its financial obligations under the terms of the contract. To the extent that there is an imperfect correlation between the return on the Fund’s obligation to its counterparty under the equity swap and the return on related assets in its portfolio, the equity swap transaction may increase the Fund’s financial risk. Equity swaps, like many other derivative instruments, involve the risk that, if the derivative security declines in value, additional margin would be required to maintain the margin level. The seller may require the Fund to deposit additional sums to cover this, and this may be at short notice. If additional margin is not provided in time, the seller may liquidate the positions at a loss for which the Fund is liable. The income tax treatment of swap agreements is unsettled and may be subject to future legislation, regulations or administrative pronouncements issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). If such future guidance limits the Fund’s ability to use derivatives, the Fund may have to find other ways of achieving its investment objectives.
Forward Swaps. A forward swap is created through the use of two swaps with different durations to meet the investment time period desired by a sub-advisor.
Interest Rate and Inflation Swaps. In an interest rate swap, the parties exchange payments based on fixed or floating interest rates multiplied by a hypothetical or “notional” amount. For example, one party might agree to pay the other a specified fixed rate on the notional amount in exchange for recovering a floating rate on that notional amount. Interest rate swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and counterparty risk. There is a risk that based on movements of interest rates, the payments made under a swap agreement will be greater than the payments received.
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The Fund may also invest in inflation swaps, where an inflation rate index is used in place of an interest rate index.
Total Return Swaps. In a total return swap transaction, one party agrees to pay the other party an amount equal to the total return on a defined underlying asset such as a security or basket of securities or on a referenced index during a specified period of time. In return, the other party would make periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or on the total return from a different underlying asset or index. Total return swap agreements may be used to gain exposure to price changes in an overall market or an asset. Total return swaps could result in losses if the underlying asset or index does not perform as anticipated. Written total return swaps can have the potential for unlimited losses.
Volatility Swaps. A volatility swap is a forward contract under which the payments to be received are dependent on the future realized volatility of an underlying asset, such as a stock. A volatility swap involves exposure to volatility, not on whether the value of the underlying asset goes up or down. Volatility swaps can be used to speculate on future volatility or as a hedge against volatility. A volatility swap is subject to the risk that the future volatility of the underlying asset is higher or lower than a sub-advisor anticipated.
Time-Zone Arbitrage — Investing in foreign securities may involve a greater risk for excessive trading due to “time-zone arbitrage.” If an event occurring after the close of a foreign market, but before the time the Fund computes its current NAV per share, causes a change in the price of the foreign securities and such price is not reflected in the Fund’s current NAV per share, investors may attempt to take advantage of anticipated price movements in securities held by the Fund based on such pricing discrepancies.
Trust Preferred Securities — The Fund may invest in trust preferred securities. Trust preferred securities have the characteristics of both subordinated debt and preferred stock. Generally, trust preferred securities are issued by a trust that is wholly owned by a financial institution or other corporate entity, typically a bank holding company. The financial institution creates the trust and owns the trust’s common securities. The trust uses the sale proceeds of its common securities to purchase subordinated debt issued by the financial institution. The financial institution uses the proceeds from the subordinated debt sale to increase its capital while the trust receives periodic interest payments from the financial institution for holding the subordinated debt. The trust uses the funds received to make dividend payments to the holders of the trust preferred securities. The primary advantage of this structure is that the trust preferred securities are treated by the financial institution as debt securities for tax purposes and as equity for the calculation of capital requirements.
Trust preferred securities typically bear a market rate coupon comparable to interest rates available on debt of a similarly rated issuer. Typical characteristics include long-term maturities, early redemption by the issuer, periodic fixed or variable interest payments, and maturities at face value. Holders of trust preferred securities have limited voting rights to control the activities of the trust and no voting rights with respect to the financial institution. The market value of trust preferred securities may be more volatile than those of conventional debt securities. Trust preferred securities may be issued in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and subject to restrictions on resale. There can be no assurance as to the liquidity of trust preferred securities and the ability of holders, such as the Fund, to sell their holdings.
U.S. Government Agency Securities — U.S. Government agency securities are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Some obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others by discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and others only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality. U.S. Government securities bear fixed, floating or variable rates of interest. While the U.S. Government currently provides financial support to certain U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so, since it is not so obligated by law. U.S. Government securities include U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, Federal Home Loan Bank obligations, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank obligations, U.S. Government
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agency obligations and repurchase agreements secured thereby. U.S. Government agency securities are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
U.S. Treasury Obligations — U.S. Treasury obligations include bills (initial maturities of one year or less), notes (initial maturities between two and ten years), and bonds (initial maturities over ten years) issued by the U.S. Treasury, Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal component parts of such obligations (known as “STRIPS”) and inflation-indexed securities. The prices of these securities (like all debt securities) change between issuance and maturity in response to fluctuating market interest rates. U.S. Treasury obligations are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
Variable or Floating Rate Obligations — The interest rates payable on certain fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. A variable rate obligation has an interest rate which is adjusted at predesignated periods, in response to changes in the market rate of interest on which the interest rate is based. Variable and floating rate obligations are less effective than fixed rate instruments at locking in a particular yield. Nevertheless, such obligations may fluctuate in value in response to interest rate changes if there is a delay between changes in market interest rates and the interest reset date for the obligation, or for other reasons.
When-Issued and Forward Commitment Transactions — These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. These transactions enable the Fund to “lock-in” what the Manager or a sub-advisor, as applicable, believes to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For instance, in periods of rising interest rates and falling prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might purchase a security on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and sell a similar security to settle such purchase, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields. If the other party fails to complete the trade, the Fund may lose the opportunity to obtain a favorable price. For purchases on a when-issued basis, the price of the security is fixed at the date of purchase, but delivery of and payment for the securities is not set until after the securities are issued. The value of when-issued securities is subject to market fluctuation during the interim period and no income accrues to the Fund until settlement takes place. Such transactions therefore involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date. A sale of a when-issued security also involves the risk that the other party will be unable to settle the transaction. Forward commitment transactions involve a commitment to purchase or sell securities with payment and delivery to take place at some future date, normally one to two months after the date of the transaction. The payment obligation and interest rate are fixed at the time the buyer enters into the forward commitment. Forward commitment transactions are typically used as a hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. Forward commitment transactions are executed for existing obligations, whereas in a when-issued transaction, the obligations have not yet been issued.
The Fund maintains with its custodian segregated (or earmarked) liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the when-issued or forward commitment transaction. When entering into a when-issued or forward commitment transaction, the Fund will rely on the other party to consummate the transaction; if the other party fails to do so, the Fund may be disadvantaged. Inasmuch as the Fund covers its obligations under these transactions, the Manager and the Fund believe such obligations do not constitute senior securities. Earmarking or otherwise segregating a large percentage of the Fund’s assets could impede a sub-advisor’s ability to manage the Fund’s portfolio.
OTHER INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
In addition to the investment strategies and risks described in the Proxy Statement, the Fund may (except where otherwise indicated):
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1
Engage in dollar rolls or purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis. The purchase or sale of when-issued securities enables an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices by locking in an attractive price or yield. The price of when-issued securities is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase or sell is made, but delivery and payment for the when-issued securities takes place at a later date, normally one to two months after the date of purchase. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser to the issuer and no interest accrues to the purchaser. Such transactions therefore involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date. A sale of a when-issued security also involves the risk that the other party will be unable to settle the transaction. Dollar rolls are a type of forward commitment transaction. Purchases and sales of securities on a forward commitment basis involve a commitment to purchase or sell securities with payment and delivery to take place at some future date, normally one to two months after the date of the transaction. As with when-issued securities, these transactions involve certain risks, but they also enable an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. Forward commitment transactions are executed for existing obligations, whereas in a when-issued transaction, the obligations have not yet been issued. When purchasing securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, a segregated amount of liquid assets at least equal to the value of purchase commitments for such securities will be maintained until the settlement date.
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Invest in other investment companies (including affiliated investment companies) to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, or exemptive relief granted by the SEC.
3
Loan securities to broker-dealers or other institutional investors. Securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by the Fund exceeds 331/3% of its total assets (including the market value of collateral received). For purposes of complying with the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions, collateral received in connection with securities loans is deemed an asset of the Fund to the extent required by law.
4
Enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which securities are acquired by the Fund from a securities dealer or bank subject to resale at an agreed upon price on a later date. The acquiring Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. However, the Manager or the sub-advisor(s), as applicable, attempts to minimize this risk by entering into repurchase agreements only with financial institutions that are deemed to be of good financial standing.
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Purchase securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the “private placement” exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in Section 4(a)(2) securities and illiquid securities unless the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, determines that any Section 4(a)(2) securities held by the Fund in excess of this level are liquid.
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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Policies.
The Fund has the following fundamental investment policy that enables it to invest in another investment company or series thereof that has substantially similar investment objectives and policies:
Notwithstanding any other limitation, the Fund may invest all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objectives, policies and limitations as the Fund. For this purpose, “all of the Fund’s investable assets” means that the only investment securities that will be held by the Fund will be the Fund’s interest in the investment company.
The Fund has no current intention to convert to a master-feeder structure, as permitted by the foregoing policy.
Notwithstanding any other limitation, the Fund may invest all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objectives, policies and limitations as the Fund. For this purpose, “all of the Fund’s investable assets” means that the only investment securities that will be held by the Fund will be the Fund’s interest in the investment company.
The Fund has no current intention to convert to a master-feeder structure, as permitted by the foregoing policy.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The following discusses the investment policies of the American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund.
The following restrictions have been adopted by the Fund and may be changed with respect to the Fund only by the majority vote of the Fund’s outstanding interests. “Majority of the outstanding voting securities” under the Investment Company Act and as used herein means, with respect to the Fund, the lesser of (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present and represented at the shareholders’ meeting or (b) more than 50% of the shares of the Fund.
The Fund may not:
1
Purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnership interests, provided, however, that the Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein when consistent with the other policies and limitations described in the Fund’s Prospectus.
2
Invest in physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling foreign currency, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis, and other similar financial instruments).
3
Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of securities, the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under federal securities law.
4
Lend any security or make any other loan except (i) as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act, (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, (iii) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and limitations, or (iv) by engaging in repurchase agreements with respect to portfolio securities.
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5
Issue any senior security except as otherwise permitted (i) under the Investment Company Act or (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff.
6
Borrow money, except as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act or pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, including (i) as a temporary measure, (ii) by entering into reverse repurchase agreements, and (iii) by lending portfolio securities as collateral. For purposes of this investment limitation, the purchase or sale of options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other similar financial instruments shall not constitute borrowing.
7
Invest more than 5% of its total assets (taken at market value) in securities of any one issuer, other than obligations issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, or purchase more than 10% of the voting securities of any one issuer, with respect to 75% of the Fund’s total assets.
8
Invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of companies primarily engaged in any particular industry or group of industries provided that this limitation does not apply to: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; and (ii) tax-exempt securities issued by municipalities and their agencies and authorities.
The above percentage limits (except the limitation to borrowings) are based upon asset values at the time of the applicable transaction; accordingly, a subsequent change in asset values will not affect a transaction that was in compliance with the investment restrictions at the time such transaction was effected. With respect to the fundamental investment restriction relating to making loans set forth in number 4 above, securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by the Fund exceeds 33 1/3 % of its total assets (including the market value of collateral received).
For purposes of the Fund’s policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (5) above, “senior securities” are defined as Fund obligations that have a priority over the Fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Fund assets. The Investment Company Act prohibits the Fund from issuing any class of senior securities or selling any senior securities of which it is the issuer, except that the Fund is permitted to borrow from a bank so long as, immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings of the Fund (not including borrowings for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets). In the event that such asset coverage falls below this percentage, the Fund is required to reduce the amount of its borrowings within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) so that the asset coverage is restored to at least 300%. Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC and its staff, the requisite asset coverage may vary among different types of instruments. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.
For purposes of the Fund’s industry concentration policy set forth in (8) above, the Manager may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and instrument and may assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics. The Manager may, but need not, consider industry classifications provided by third parties, and the classifications applied to Fund investments will be informed by applicable law. A large economic or market sector shall not be construed as a single industry or group of
34
industries. The Manager currently considers securities issued by a foreign government (but not the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities) to be an “industry” subject to the 25% limitation. Thus, not more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in securities issued by any one foreign government or supranational organization. The Fund might invest in certain securities issued by companies in a particular industry whose obligations are guaranteed by a foreign government. The Manager could consider such a company to be within the particular industry and, therefore, the Fund will invest in the securities of such a company only if it can do so under its policy of not being concentrated in any particular industry or group of industries.
Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The following non-fundamental investment restrictions apply to the Fund (except where noted otherwise) and may be changed with respect to the Fund by a vote of a majority of the Board. The Fund may not:
1
Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including time deposits and repurchase agreements that mature in more than seven days; or
2
Purchase securities on margin, except that (1) the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (2) the Fund may make margin payments in connection with foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities purchased or sold on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis or other financial instruments.
All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment. Except for the investment restrictions listed above as fundamental or to the extent designated as such in the Proxy Statement, the other investment policies described in this SAI are not fundamental and may be changed by approval of the Trustees.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE INVESTMENTS
In times of unstable or adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, where the Manager or the sub-advisor believes it is appropriate and in the Fund’s best interest, the Fund can invest up to 100% in cash and other types of securities for defensive or temporary purposes. It can also hold cash or purchase these types of securities for liquidity purposes to meet cash needs due to redemptions of Fund shares, or to hold while waiting to invest cash received from purchases of Fund shares or the sale of other portfolio securities.
These temporary investments can include: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) commercial paper rated in the highest short-term category by a rating organization; (iii) domestic, Yankee and Eurodollar certificates of deposit or bankers’ acceptances of banks rated in the highest short-term category by a rating organization; (iv) any of the foregoing securities that mature in one year or less (generally known as “cash equivalents”); (v) other short-term corporate debt obligations; (vi) repurchase agreements; (vii) futures; or (viii) shares of money market funds, including funds advised by the Manager or the sub-advisor.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Portfolio turnover is a measure of trading activity in a portfolio of securities, usually calculated over a period of one year. The rate is calculated by dividing the lesser amount of purchases or sales of securities by the average amount of securities held over the period. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% would indicate
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that the Fund sold and replaced the entire value of its securities holdings during the period. High portfolio turnover can increase the Fund’s transaction costs and generate additional capital gains or losses.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund publicly discloses portfolio holdings information as follows:
1
a complete list of holdings for the Fund on an annual and semi-annual basis in the reports to shareholders within sixty days of the end of each fiscal semi-annual period and in publicly available filings of Form N-CSR with the SEC within ten days thereafter;
2
a complete list of holdings for the Fund as of the end of its first and third fiscal quarters in publicly available filings of Form N-Q with the SEC within sixty days of the end of the fiscal quarter;
3
a complete list of holdings for the Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter on the Fund’s website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) approximately sixty days after the end of the calendar quarter; and
4
ten largest holdings for the Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter on the Fund’s website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) and in sales materials approximately fifteen days after the end of the calendar quarter.
Public disclosure of the Fund’s holdings on the website and in sales materials may be delayed when an investment manager informs the Fund that such disclosure could be harmful to the Fund. In addition, individual holdings may be omitted from website and sales material disclosure, when such omission is deemed to be in the Fund’s best interest. Disclosure of the Fund’s ten largest holdings may exclude U.S. Treasury securities and cash equivalent assets, although such holdings will be included in the Fund’s complete list of holdings.
Disclosure of Nonpublic Holdings.
Occasionally, certain interested parties — including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries that distribute shares of the Fund, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, and others — may request portfolio holdings information that has not yet been publicly disclosed by the Fund. The Fund’s policy is to control the disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information in an attempt to prevent parties from utilizing such information to engage in trading activity harmful to Fund shareholders. To this end, the Board has adopted a Policy and Procedures for Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information (the “Holdings Policy”). The purpose of the Holdings Policy is to define those interested parties who are authorized to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information on a selective basis and to set forth conditions upon which such information may be provided. In general, nonpublic portfolio holdings may be disclosed on a selective basis only when it is determined that (i) there is a legitimate business purpose for the information; (ii) recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the nonpublic information; and (iii) disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders. The Holdings Policy does not restrict the Fund from disclosing that a particular security is not a holding of the Fund. The Holdings Policy is summarized below.
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A variety of third-party service providers require access to Fund holdings to provide services to the Fund or to assist the Manager and the sub-advisor in managing the Fund (“service providers”). The service providers have a duty to keep the Fund’s nonpublic information confidential either through written contractual arrangements with the Fund (or another Fund service provider) or by the nature of their role with respect to the Fund (or the service provider). The Fund has determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to service providers fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders. In addition, the Fund has determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to members of the Board fulfills a legitimate business purpose, is in the best interest of Fund shareholders, and each Trustee is subject to a duty of confidentiality.
The Fund has ongoing arrangements to provide nonpublic holdings information to the following service providers:
Service Provider | Service | Holdings Access |
Manager | Investment management and administrator | Complete list on intraday basis with no lag |
Sub-Advisor | Investment management | Holdings under sub-advisor’s management on intraday basis with no lag |
State Street Bank and Trust Co. (“State Street”) and its designated foreign sub-custodians | Fund’s custodian and foreign custody manager, and foreign sub-custodians; Subsidiary’s custodian | Complete list on intraday basis with no lag |
Ernst & Young LLP | Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm | Complete list on annual basis with no lag |
Bloomberg, L.P. | Performance and portfolio analytics reporting | Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
FactSet Research Systems, Inc. | Performance and portfolio analytics reporting for the Manager | Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC | Proxy voting research provider to sub-advisor | Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Institutional Shareholder Services | Proxy voting research provider to sub-advisor | Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Broadridge (ProxyEdge) | Proxy voting research provider to sub-advisor | Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Certain third parties are provided with nonpublic holdings information (either complete or partial lists) by the Manager or another service provider on an ad hoc basis. These third parties include: broker-dealers, prospective sub-advisors, borrowers of the Fund’s portfolio securities, pricing services, legal counsel, and issuers (or their agents). Broker-dealers utilized by the Fund in the process of purchasing and selling portfolio securities or providing market quotations receive limited holdings information on a current basis with no lag. The Manager provides current holdings to investment managers being considered for appointment as a sub-advisor to the Fund. If the Fund participates in securities lending activities, potential borrowers of the Fund’s securities receive information pertaining to the Fund’s securities available for loan. Such information is provided on a current basis with no lag. The Fund utilizes various pricing services to supply market quotations and evaluated prices to State Street. State Street and the Manager may disclose current nonpublic holdings to those pricing services. An investment manager may provide holdings information to legal counsel when seeking advice regarding those holdings. From time to time, an issuer (or its agent) may contact the Fund requesting confirmation of ownership of the issuer’s securities. Such holdings information is provided to the issuer (or its agent) as of the date requested. The Fund does not have written contractual arrangements with these third parties regarding the confidentiality of the holdings information. However, the Fund would not continue to utilize a third party that the Manager determined to have misused nonpublic holdings information.
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The Fund has ongoing arrangements to provide periodic holdings information to certain organizations that publish ratings and/or rankings for the Fund or that redistribute the Fund’s holdings to financial intermediaries to facilitate their analysis of the Fund. The Fund has determined that disclosure of holdings information to such organizations fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders, as it provides existing and potential shareholders with an independent basis for evaluating the Fund in comparison to other mutual funds. As of the date of this SAI, all such organizations receive holdings information after it has been made public on the Fund’s website.
No compensation or other consideration may be paid to the Fund, the Fund’s service providers, or any other party in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information.
Under the Holdings Policy, disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to parties other than those discussed above must meet all of the following conditions:
1
Recipients of portfolio holdings information must agree in writing to keep the information confidential until it has been posted to the Fund’s website and not to trade based on the information;
2
Holdings may only be disclosed as of a month-end date;
3
No compensation may be paid to the Fund, the Manager or any other party in connection with the disclosure of information about portfolio securities; and
4
A member of the Manager’s Compliance staff must approve requests for nonpublic holdings information.
In determining whether to approve a request for portfolio holdings disclosure by the Manager, Compliance staff generally considers the type of requestor and its relationship to the Fund, the stated reason for the request, any historical pattern of requests from that same individual or entity, the style and strategy of the Fund for which holdings have been requested (e.g., passive versus active management), whether the Fund is managed by one or multiple investment managers, and any other factors it deems relevant. Any potential conflicts between shareholders and affiliated persons of the Fund that arise as a result of a request for portfolio holdings information shall be decided by the Manager in the best interests of shareholders. However, if a conflict exists between the interests of shareholders and the Manager, the Manager may present the details of the request to the Board for a determination to either approve or deny the request. On a quarterly basis, the Manager will prepare a report for the Board outlining any instances of disclosures of nonpublic holdings during the period that did not comply with the Holdings Policy. The Compliance staff generally determines whether a historical pattern of requests by the same individual or entity constitutes an “ongoing arrangement” and should be disclosed in the Fund’s SAI.
The Manager and the sub-advisor to the Fund may manage substantially similar portfolios for clients other than the Fund. Those other clients may receive and publicly disclose their portfolio holdings information prior to public disclosure by the Fund. The Holdings Policy is not intended to limit the Manager or the sub-advisor from making such disclosures to their clients.
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LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions needing to borrow securities to complete certain transactions. In connection with such loans, the Fund remains the beneficial owner of the loaned securities and continues to be entitled to payments in amounts approximately equal to the interest, dividends or other distributions payable on the loaned securities. The Fund also has the right to terminate a loan at any time. The Fund does not have the right to vote on securities while they are on loan. However, it is the Fund’s policy to attempt to terminate loans in time to vote those proxies that the Fund determines are material to its interests. Loans of portfolio securities may not exceed 331/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including the value of all assets received as collateral for the loan). The Fund will receive collateral consisting of cash in the form of U.S. dollars, foreign currency, or securities issued or fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government which will be maintained at all times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. If the collateral consists of cash, the Fund will reinvest the cash and pay the borrower a pre-negotiated fee or “rebate” from any return earned on the investment. Should the borrower of the securities fail financially, the Fund may experience delays in recovering the loaned securities or exercising its rights in the collateral. Loans are made only to borrowers that are deemed by the Manager to present acceptable credit risk on a fully collateralized basis. In a loan transaction, the Fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The Fund seeks to minimize this risk by limiting the investment of cash collateral to registered money market funds, including money market funds advised by the Manager that invest in U.S. Government and agency securities.
For all funds that engage in securities lending, the Manager receives compensation for administrative and oversight functions with respect to securities lending, including oversight of the securities lending agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. The amount of such compensation depends on the income generated by the loan of the securities. The Fund continues to receive payments equal to any dividends or interest, as applicable, paid on the securities loaned and simultaneously earns either interest on the investment of the cash collateral and/or fee income if the loan is otherwise collateralized. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund does not intend to engage in securities lending activities.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
The Board of Trustees
The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees. The Board is responsible for and oversees the overall management and operations of the Trust and the Fund, which includes the general oversight and review of the Fund’s investment activities, in accordance with federal law and the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as well as the stated policies of the Fund. The Board oversees the Trust’s officers and service providers, including American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (“American Beacon”), which is responsible for the management of the day-to-day operations of the Fund based on policies and agreements reviewed and approved by the Board. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including American Beacon’s investment personnel and the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). The Board also is assisted by the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm (which reports directly to the Trust’s Audit and Compliance Committee), independent counsel and other experts as appropriate, all of whom are selected by the Board.
Risk Oversight
Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Trust and the Fund, the Board oversees the management of risks relating to the administration and operation of the Trust and the Fund. American Beacon, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Fund, is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the Fund. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment, also separately considers potential risks that may impact the Fund. The Board performs this risk management
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oversight directly and, as to certain matters, through its committees (described below) and through the Board members who are not “interested persons” of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act (“Independent Trustees”). The following provides an overview of the principal, but not all, aspects of the Board’s oversight of risk management for the Trust and the Fund.
In general, the Fund’s risks include, among others, investment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, securities selection risk and valuation risk. The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address these and other risks to the Trust and the Fund. In addition, under the general oversight of the Board, American Beacon, the Fund’s investment adviser, and other service providers to the Fund have themselves adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Fund. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Further, American Beacon as manager of the Fund oversees and regularly monitors the investments, operations and compliance of the Fund’s investment advisers.
The Board also oversees risk management for the Trust and the Fund through review of regular reports, presentations and other information from officers of the Trust and other persons. Senior officers of the Trust, and senior officers of American Beacon, and the Fund’s CCO regularly report to the Board on a range of matters, including those relating to risk management. The Board and the Investment Committee also regularly receive reports from American Beacon with respect to the investments, securities trading and securities lending activities of the Fund. In addition to regular reports from American Beacon, the Board also receives reports regarding other service providers to the Trust, either directly or through American Beacon or the Fund’s CCO, on a periodic or regular basis. At least annually, the Board receives a report from the Fund’s CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Fund’s compliance program. Also, typically on an annual basis, the Board receives reports, presentations and other information from American Beacon in connection with the Board’s consideration of the renewal of each of the Trust’s agreements with American Beacon and the Trust’s distribution plans under Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act.
Senior officers of the Trust and American Beacon also report regularly to the Audit and Compliance Committee on Fund valuation matters and on the Trust’s internal controls and accounting and financial reporting policies and practices. In addition, the Audit and Compliance Committee receives regular reports from the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Audit and Compliance Committee meets with the Fund’s CCO to discuss matters relating to the Fund’s compliance program.
Board Structure and Related Matters
Independent Trustees constitute at least two-thirds of the Board. Brenda A. Cline, an Independent Trustee, serves as Independent Chair of the Board. The Independent Chair’s responsibilities include: setting an agenda for each meeting of the Board; presiding at all meetings of the Board and Independent Trustees; and serving as a liaison with other Trustees, the Trust’s officers and other management personnel, and counsel to the Fund. The Independent Chair shall perform such other duties as the Board may from time to time determine.
The Trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Board that delineates the responsibilities of that committee. The Board has established three standing committees: the Audit and Compliance Committee, the Investment Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. For example, the Investment Committee is responsible for oversight of the process, typically performed annually, by which the Board considers and approves the Fund’s investment advisory agreement with American Beacon, while specific matters related to oversight of the Fund’s independent auditors have been delegated by the Board to its Audit and Compliance Committee, subject to approval of the Audit and Compliance Committee’s recommendations by the Board. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized below.
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The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations. The Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Chair position and its committees, is appropriate for the Trust in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the funds in the Trust, the number of series of the American Beacon funds complex overseen by the Board, the arrangements for the conduct of the Fund’s operations, the number of Trustees, and the Board’s responsibilities. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each of its committees, the Trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of Funds in the complex.
The Trust is part of the American Beacon funds complex, which is comprised of 33 series within the American Beacon Funds, 1 series within the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, 1 series within the American Beacon Select Funds, 1 series within the American Beacon Sound Point Enhanced Income Fund, and 1 series within the American Beacon Apollo Total Return Fund. The same persons who constitute the Board of the Trust also constitute the Board of Trustees of the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, the American Beacon Sound Point Enhanced Income Fund, the American Beacon Apollo Total Return Fund, and the American Beacon Select Funds and each Trustee oversees the Trusts’ combined 37 series.
The Board holds five (5) regularly scheduled meetings each year. The Board may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone, to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees also hold at least one in-person meeting each year during a portion of which management is not present and may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone.
The Trustees of the Trust are identified in the tables below, which provide information as to their principal business occupations and directorships held during the last five years and certain other information. Subject to the Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Policy described below, a Trustee serves until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. The address of each Trustee listed below is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term or until his or her removal, resignation, or retirement.*
Name (Age)* | Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Select Funds | Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust | Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Sound Point Enhanced Income Fund and American Beacon Apollo Total Return Fund | Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships During Past 5 Years |
INTERESTED TRUSTEE | ||||
Alan D. Feld** (81) | Trustee of American Beacon Funds since | Trustee since 2017 | Trustee since 2018 | Partner in the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP (law firm) (1960- Present). |
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1996 Trustee of American Beacon Select Funds since 1999 | ||||
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES | ||||
Gilbert G. Alvarado (48) | Trustee since 2015 | Trustee since 2017 | Trustee since 2018 | Director, Kura MD, Inc. (local telehealth organization) (2015-Present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation (health conversion private foundation) (2006-Present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation: Center for Health Program Management (California public benefit corporation) (2012-Present); Director, Innovative North State (2012-2015); Director, Sacramento Regional Technology Alliance (2011-2016); Director, Women’s Empowerment (2009-2014); Director, Valley Healthcare Staffing (2017-Present). |
Joseph B. Armes (56) | Trustee since 2015 | Trustee since 2017 | Trustee since 2018 | Chairman & CEO, CSW Industrials, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSWI) (2015-Present); Chairman of the Board of Capital Southwest Corporation (NASDAQ: CSWC), predecessor to CSW Industrials, Inc. (2014-present); CEO Capital Southwest Corporation (2013-2015); President & CEO JBA Investment Partners (family investment vehicle) (2010-Present); Director and Chair of Audit Committee, RSP Permian (oil and gas producer NYSE: RSPP)(2013-Present). |
Gerard J. Arpey (60) | Trustee since 2012 | Trustee since 2017 | Trustee since 2018 | Partner, Emerald Creek Group (private equity firm) (2011-Present); Director, S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. (privately held company) (2008-Present). Director, The Home Depot, Inc. (NYSE: HD)(2015-Present). |
Brenda A. Cline (57) | Trustee since 2004 Vice Chair 2018 | Trustee since 2017 Vice Chair 2018 | Trustee since 2018 Vice Chair 2018 | Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary, Kimbell Art Foundation (1993-Present); Director, Tyler Technologies, Inc. |
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Chair since 2019 | Chair since 2019 | Chair since 2019 | (software) (NYSE:TYL) (2014-Present); Director, Range Resources Corporation (oil and natural gas company) (NYSE: RRC) (2015-Present); Trustee, Cushing Closed-End Funds (2017-Present). | |
Eugene J. Duffy (64) | Trustee since 2008 | Trustee since 2017 | Trustee since 2018 | Managing Director, Global Investment Management Distribution, Mesirow Financial (2016-Present); Managing Director, Institutional Services, Intercontinental Real Estate Corporation (2014-Present); Principal and Executive Vice President, Paradigm Asset Management (1994-2014); Director, Sunrise Bank of Atlanta (2008-2013). |
Claudia A. Holz*** (61) | Trustee since 2018 | Trustee since 2018 | Trustee since 2018 | Partner, KPMG LLP (1990-2017). |
Douglas A. Lindgren**** (56) | Trustee since 2018 | Trustee since 2018 | Trustee since 2018 | CEO North America, Carne Global Financial Services (2016-2017); Managing Director, IPS Investment Management and Global Head, Content Management, UBS Wealth Management (2010-2016). |
Richard A. Massman (75) | Trustee since 2004 Chair 2008-2018 Chair Emeritus since 2019 | Trustee since 2017 Chair 2017-2018 Chair Emeritus since 2019 | Trustee since 2018 Chair 2018 Chair Emeritus since 2019 | Consultant and General Counsel Emeritus (2009-Present), Hunt Consolidated, Inc. (holding company engaged in oil and gas exploration and production, refining, real estate, farming, ranching and venture capital activities. |
Barbara J. McKenna (55) | Trustee since 2012 | Trustee since 2017 | Trustee since 2018 | Managing Principal, Longfellow Investment Management Company (2005-Present). |
R. Gerald Turner (72) | Trustee since 2001 | Trustee since 2017 | Trustee since 2018 | President, Southern Methodist University (1995-Present); Director, J.C. Penney Company, Inc. (NYSE: JCP) (1996-Present); Director, Kronus Worldwide Inc. (chemical manufacturing) (2003-Present). |
* | The Board has adopted a retirement policy that requires Trustees, other than Mr. Feld, to retire no later than the last day of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75. The Board has approved a waiver from the retirement policy with respect to Mr. Massman whereby Mr. Massman will be required to retire on the last day of the calendar year in which he reaches the age of 76. |
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** | Mr. Feld is deemed to be an “interested person” of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. Mr. Feld’s law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld LLP has provided legal services within the past two fiscal years to one or more sub-advisors to certain funds in the American Beacon funds complex. |
*** | Ms. Holz began serving as a member of the Board on April 1, 2018. |
**** | Mr. Lindgren began serving as a member of the Board on January 1, 2018. |
In addition to the information set forth in the tables above and other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills applicable to a particular Trustee, the following provides further information about the qualifications and experience of each Trustee.
Gilbert G. Alvarado: Mr. Alvarado has extensive organizational management and financial experience as vice president and chief financial officer in public charities, and a health conversion private foundation, chief financial and information officer of the largest health foundation on the Texas/Mexico border and an accountant with a regional health system, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Joseph B. Armes: Mr. Armes has extensive financial, investment and organizational management experience as chairman of the board of directors, president and chief executive officer of an investment company listed on NASDAQ, president and chief executive officer of a private family investment vehicle, chief operating officer of a private holding company for a family office, president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer and director of a special purpose acquisition company listed on the American Stock Exchange, a director and audit committee chair of an oil and gas exploration and production company listed on the New York Stock Exchange and as an officer of public companies and as a director and officer of private companies, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Gerard J. Arpey: Mr. Arpey has extensive organizational management, financial and international experience serving as chairman, chief executive officer, and chief financial officer of one of the largest global airlines, service as a director of public and private companies, service to several charitable organizations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Brenda A. Cline: Ms. Cline has extensive organizational management, financial and investment experience as chief financial officer, secretary and treasurer to a private foundation, service as a director and member of the audit and nominating and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a trustee to a private university, and several charitable boards, including acting as a member of their investment and/or audit committees, extensive experience as an audit senior manager with a large public accounting firm, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Eugene J. Duffy: Mr. Duffy has extensive experience in the investment management business and organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of a bank, service as a chairman of a charitable fund and as a trustee to an association, service on the board of a private university and non-profit organization, service as chair to a financial services industry association, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Alan D. Feld: Mr. Feld has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as chairman of a law firm, experience as a director of several publicly held companies, service as a trustee of a private university and a board member of a hospital, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Claudia A. Holz: Ms. Holz has extensive financial audit and organizational management experience obtained as an audit partner with a major public accounting firm for over 27 years. Prior to her retirement, she led audits of large public investment company complexes and held several management roles in the firm’s New York and national offices.
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Douglas A. Lindgren: Mr. Lindgren has extensive senior management experience in the asset management industry, having overseen several organizations and numerous fund structures and having served as an Adjunct Professor of Finance at Columbia Business School.
Richard A. Massman: Mr. Massman has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as a founding member of a law firm, experience as a senior vice president and general counsel of a large private company, service as the chairman and director of several foundations, including services on their Investment Committees and Finance Committees, chairman of a governmental board, chairman of various professional organizations and multiple years of service as a Trustee and as Independent Chair.
Barbara J. McKenna: Ms. McKenna has extensive experience in the investment management industry, organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of an investment manager, member of numerous financial services industry associations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
R. Gerald Turner: Mr. Turner has extensive organizational management experience as president of a private university, service as a director and member of the audit and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a member to several charitable boards, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Committees of the Board
The Trust has an Audit and Compliance Committee (“Audit Committee”). The Audit Committee consists of Mr. Alvarado (Chair), Ms. Holz, and Mr. Duffy. Ms. Cline, as Chair of the Board, serves on the Audit Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. None of the members of the committee are “interested persons” of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. As set forth in its charter, the primary duties of the Trust’s Audit Committee are: (a) to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and the Fund and their internal controls and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal controls of certain third-party service providers; (b) to oversee the quality and integrity of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (c) to approve, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust’s independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust’s independent auditors; (d) to oversee the Trust’s compliance with all regulatory obligations arising under applicable federal securities laws, rules and regulations and oversee management’s implementation and enforcement of the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures (“Compliance Program”); and (e) to coordinate the Board’s oversight of the Trust’s CCO in connection with his or her implementation of the Trust’s Compliance Program. The Audit Committee met four (4) times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
The Trust has a Nominating and Governance Committee (“Nominating Committee”) that is comprised of Messrs. Massman (Chair), Feld, and Turner, and Ms. Cline. As set forth in its charter, the Nominating Committee’s primary duties are: (a) to make recommendations regarding the nomination of non-interested Trustees to the Board; (b) to make recommendations regarding the appointment of an Independent Trustee as Chair of the Board; (c) to evaluate qualifications of potential “interested” members of the Board and Trust officers; (d) to review shareholder recommendations for nominations to fill vacancies on the Board; (e) to make recommendations to the Board for nomination for membership on all committees of the Board; (f) to consider and evaluate the structure, composition and operation of the Board; (g) to review shareholder recommendations for proposals to be submitted for consideration during a meeting of Fund shareholders; and (h) to consider and make recommendations relating to the compensation of Independent Trustees and of those officers as to whom the Board is charged with approving compensation. Shareholder recommendations for Trustee candidates may be mailed in writing, including a comprehensive resume and any supporting documentation, to the Nominating Committee in care of the Secretary of the Fund. The Nominating and Governance Committee met seven (7) times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
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The Trust has an Investment Committee that is comprised of, Ms. McKenna (Chair), Messrs. Armes, Arpey, and Lindgren. Ms. Cline, as Chair of the Board, serves on the Investment Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. As set forth in its charter, the Investment Committee’s primary duties are: (a) to review and evaluate the short- and long-term investment performance of the Manager and each of the designated sub-advisors to a Fund; (b) to evaluate recommendations by the Manager regarding the hiring or removal of designated sub-advisors to a Fund; (c) to review material changes recommended by the Manager to the allocation of Fund assets to a sub-advisor; (d) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the investment objectives or principal investment strategies of a Fund; and (e) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the material provisions of the advisory agreement with a sub-advisor, including, but not limited to, changes to the provision regarding compensation. The Investment Committee met four (4) times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
Trustee Ownership in the Fund
As of the calendar year ended December 31, 2018, none of the Trustees owned equity securities of the Fund. The following tables show the amount of equity securities owned in the American Beacon funds family by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2018.
INTERESTED TRUSTEE | |
American Beacon Fund | Feld |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Trusts (37 Funds as of December 31, 2018) | Over $100,000 |
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES | ||||||||||
Alvarado | Armes | Arpey | Cline | Duffy | Holz | Lindgren | Massman | McKenna | Turner | |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Trusts (37 Funds as of December 31, 2018) | $10,001 - $50,000 | Over $100,000 | None | Over $100,000 | None | None | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
Trustee Compensation
Effective January 1, 2018, as compensation for their service to the American Beacon funds complex, including the Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), each Trustee is compensated from the Trusts as follows: (1) an annual retainer of $120,000; (2) meeting attendance fee (for attendance in person or via teleconference) of (a) $10,000 for attendance by Board members for each regularly scheduled Board meeting, (b) $2,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee, and (c) $1,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Nominating and Governance Committee; and (3) reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred in attending Board meetings, Committee meetings, and relevant educational seminars. The Trustees also may be compensated for attendance at special Board and/or Committee meetings from time to time.
Since January 1, 2019, for her service as Board Chair, Ms. Cline receives an additional annual retainer of $50,000. Although she attends several committee meetings at each quarterly Board meeting, she receives only a single $2,500 fee each quarter for her attendance at those meetings. The chairpersons of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee each receive an additional annual retainer of $25,000 and the Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee receives an additional annual retainer of $10,000.
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The following table shows estimated compensation (excluding reimbursements) that will be paid by the Trusts to each Trustee for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019*. | |||
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation From the Trust | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of the Trust’s Expenses | Total Compensation From the Trusts |
INTERESTED TRUSTEES | |||
Alan D. Feld | $129,728 | 1 | $137,500 |
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES | |||
Gilbert G. Alvarado | $140,342 | $148,750 | |
Joseph B. Armes | $129,728 | $137,500 | |
Gerard J. Arpey | $129,728 | $137,500 | |
Brenda A. Cline | $165,108 | 1 | $175,000 |
Eugene J. Duffy | $129,728 | $137,500 | |
Claudia A. Holz | $128,728 | $137,500 | |
Douglas A. Lindgren | $129,728 | $137,500 | |
Richard A. Massman | $126,897 | 1 | $134,500 |
Barbara J. McKenna | $140,342 | $148,750 | |
R. Gerald Turner | $126,897 | 1 | $134,500 |
* | Estimated compensation for the period July 1, 2018 – June 30, 2019. |
1 | Upon retirement from the Board, each of these Trustees is eligible for flight benefits afforded to Trustees who served on the Boards as of June 4, 2008 as described below. |
The Boards adopted a Trustee Retirement Policy and Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Plan (“Plan”). The Plan provides that a Trustee who has served on the Boards prior to September 12, 2008, and who has reached a mandatory retirement age established by the Board (currently 75) is eligible to elect Trustee Emeritus status (“Eligible Trustees”). The Eligible Trustees are Messrs. Feld, Massman and Turner and Ms. Cline. The mandatory retirement age does not apply to Mr. Feld, and the Board has approved a waiver from the retirement policy with respect to Mr. Massman whereby Mr. Massman will be required to retire on the last day of the calendar year in which he reaches the age of 76. Additionally, Eligible Trustees who have served on the Board of one or more Trusts for at least five years may elect to retire from the Board at an earlier age and immediately assume Trustee Emeritus status. The Board has determined that, other than the Plan established for Eligible Trustees, no other retirement benefits will accrue for current or future Trustees.
Upon assuming Trustee Emeritus status, each eligible Trustee and his or her spouse (or designated companion) may receive annual flight benefits from the Trusts of up to $40,000 combined, on a tax-grossed up basis, on American Airlines (a subsidiary of the Manager’s former parent company) for a maximum period of 10 years, depending upon length of service prior to September 12, 2008. Eligible Trustees may opt to receive instead an annual retainer of $20,000 from the Trusts in lieu of flight benefits.
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No retirement benefits are accrued for Board service after September 12, 2008.
A Trustee Emeritus must commit to provide certain ongoing services and advice to the Board members and the Trusts; however, a Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Fund(s). Currently, there are no Trustees with Trustee Emeritus status.
Principal Officers of the Trust
The Officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. As of the date of this SAI, the Officers of the Trust, their ages, their business address and their principal occupations and directorships during the past five years are as set forth below. The address of each Officer is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Officer serves for a term of one year or until his or her resignation, retirement, or removal. Each Officer has and continues to hold the same position with the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds, the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, the American Beacon Sound Point Enhanced Income Fund, and the American Beacon Apollo Total Return Fund.
Name (Age) | Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Select Funds | Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust | Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Sound Point Enhanced Income Fund and American Beacon Apollo Total Return Fund | Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships During Past 5 Years |
OFFICERS | ||||
Gene L. Needles, Jr. (63) | President since 2009 | President since 2017 | President since 2018 | President (2009-2018), CEO and Director (2009-Present), and Chairman (2018-Present), American Beacon Advisors, Inc.; President, (2015-2018), Director, Chairman and CEO, Resolute Acquisition, Inc. (2015-Present); President, (2015-2018), Director, Chairman and CEO, Resolute Topco, Inc. (2015-Present); President (2015-2018), Director, Chairman and CEO, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2015-Present); President (2015-2018), Director, CEO (2015-Present), and Chairman (2018-Present), Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC; Director, Chairman, President and CEO, Resolute Investment Services, Inc. (2015-Present); Director, President and CEO, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc.; (2009-2015); President and CEO, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc. (2009-2015); Manager, President and CEO, American Private Equity Management, LLC (2012-Present); President, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd. (2014-Present); Trustee, American Beacon NextShares Trust (2015-Present); Director, Chairman, President and CEO, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present); Director, ARK Investment Management LLC (2016-Present); Director, Shapiro Capital Management LLC (2017-Present); Member, Investment Advisory Committee, Employees Retirement System of Texas (2017-Present); Director and President, American Beacon Cayman |
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Transformational Innovation Company, Ltd. (2017-2018); President, American Beacon Delaware Transformational Innovation Corporation (2017-2018); Director, Chairman, President and CEO, Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (2017-Present); Director, Chairman and CEO, Continuous Capital, LLC (2018-Present); President, American Beacon Cayman TargetRisk Company, Ltd. (2018-Present). | ||||
Jeffrey K. Ringdahl (43) | Vice President since 2010 | Vice President since 2017 | Vice President since 2018 | Chief Operating Officer (2010-Present), Vice President (2010-2013), Senior Vice President (2013-2018), Director (2015-Present), and President (2018-Present), American Beacon Advisors, Inc.; Vice President (2012-Present) and Manager (2015-Present), American Private Equity Management, LLC; Senior Vice President, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc. (2013-2015); Senior Vice President, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc. (2013-2015); Director and Vice President, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd. (2014-Present); Trustee, American Beacon NextShares Trust (2015-Present); Director (2015-Present), Senior Vice President (2015-2018), and President (2018-Present), Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC; Director (2015-Present), Senior Vice President (2015-2018) and President (2018-Present), Resolute Topco, Inc.; Director (2015-Present), Senior Vice President (2015-Present), and President (2018-Present), Resolute Acquisition, Inc.; Director (2015-Present), Senior Vice President (2015-2018), and President and COO (2018-Present), Resolute Investment Managers, Inc.; Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present); Director (2017-Present), Executive Vice President (2017-2018), and President and COO (2018-Present), Resolute Investment Services, Inc.; Director and Executive Vice President, Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (2017-Present); Director, Shapiro Capital Management, LLC (2017-Present); Director and Vice President, American Beacon Cayman Transformational Innovation Company, Ltd., (2017-2018); Vice President, American Beacon Delaware Transformational Innovation Corporation (2017-2018); Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Continuous Capital, LLC (2018-Present); Vice President, American Beacon Cayman TargetRisk Company, Ltd. (2018-Present). |
Rosemary K. Behan (59) | Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer since 2006 | Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer since 2017 | Vice President, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer since 2018 | Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2006-Present); Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2015-Present); Secretary, Resolute Investment Holdings LLC (2015-Present); Secretary, Resolute Topco, Inc. (2015-Present); Secretary, Resolute Acquisition, Inc. (2015-Present); Vice President and Secretary, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc. (2008-2015); Vice President and Secretary, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc. (2008-2015); Secretary, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C.(2008-Present); Secretary, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd. (2014-Present); Secretary, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present); Secretary, American Beacon Cayman Transformational Innovation Company, Ltd. (2017-2018); Secretary, American Beacon |
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Delaware Transformational Innovation Corporation (2017-2018); Secretary, Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (2017-Present); Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel, Resolute Investment Services (2015-Present); Vice President and Secretary, Continuous Capital, LLC (2018-Present); Secretary, American Beacon Cayman TargetRisk Company, Ltd. (2018-Present). | ||||
Brian E. Brett (58) | Vice President since 2004 | Vice President since 2017 | Vice President since 2018 | Senior Vice President, Head of Distribution, American Beacon Advisors, Inc (2012-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (2017-2018); Senior Vice President, Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (2018-Present); Senior Vice President, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2018-Present); Senior Vice President, Resolute Investment Services, Inc. (2018-Present); Senior Vice President, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc (2018-Present); Senior Vice President, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc (2018-Present). |
Paul B. Cavazos (49) | Vice President since 2016 | Vice President since 2017 | Vice President since 2018 | Chief Investment Officer and Senior Vice President of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2016-Present); Vice President, American Beacon Private Equity Management, LLC (2017-Present); Chief Investment Officer, DTE Energy Company (2007-2016). |
Erica B. Duncan (48) | Vice President since 2011 | Vice President since 2017 | Vice President since 2018 | Vice President, Marketing & Client Services, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2011-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2018-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Services, Inc. (2018-Present). |
Terri L. McKinney (54) | Vice President since 2010 | Vice President since 2017 | Vice President since 2018 | Vice President, Enterprise Services, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2009-Present); Vice President, Enterprise Services Alpha Quant Advisors, Inc. (2016-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2017-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Services, Inc. (2018-Present); Vice President, Continuous Capital, LLC (2018-Present). |
Samuel J. Silver (55) | Vice President since 2011 | Vice President since 2017 | Vice President since 2018 | Vice President, Chief Fixed Income Officer (2016-Present); Vice President, Fixed Income Investments (2011-2016), American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
Melinda G. Heika (57) | Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer since 2010 | Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer since 2017 | Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer since 2018 | Treasurer and CFO, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2010-Present); Treasurer and CFO, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2015-Present); Treasurer, Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC (2015-Present); Treasurer and CFO, Resolute Investment Services, Inc. (2017-Present); Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc. (2010-2015); Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings Parent Inc., (2010-2015); Treasurer, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C. (2012-Present); Director and Treasurer, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd. (2014-Present); Treasurer and CFO, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present); Treasurer, American Beacon Cayman Transformational Innovation, Ltd. (2017-2018); Treasurer, American Beacon Delaware Transformational Innovation Corporation (2017-2018); Treasurer, Resolute Investment |
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Distributors, Inc. (2017-2017); Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer, Continuous Capital, LLC (2018-Present); Treasurer, American Beacon Cayman TargetRisk Company, Ltd. (2018-Present). | ||||
Sonia L. Bates (62) | Assistant Treasurer since 2011 | Assistant Treasurer since 2017 | Assistant Treasurer since 2018 | Director, Tax and Financial Reporting, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2011-Present); Assistant Treasurer, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2015-Present); Assistant Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc. (2011-2015); Assistant Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings Parent Inc. (2011-2015); Assistant Treasurer, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C. (2012-Present); Assistant Treasurer, American Beacon Cayman Transformational Innovation Company, Ltd. (2017-2018); Assistant Treasurer, American Beacon Cayman TargetRisk Company, Ltd. (2018-Present). |
Christina E. Sears (47) | Chief Compliance Officer since 2004 and Assistant Secretary since 1999 | Chief Compliance Officer and Assistant Secretary since 2017 | Chief Compliance Officer and Assistant Secretary since 2018 | Chief Compliance Officer, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2004-Present); Chief Compliance Officer, American Private Equity Management, LLC (2012-Present); Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2017-Present); Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President, Continuous Capital, LLC (2018-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (2017-Present). |
Shelley D. Abrahams (44) | Assistant Secretary since 2008 | Assistant Secretary since 2017 | Assistant Secretary since 2018 | Senior Legal Analyst (2010-2017), Corporate Governance & Regulatory Specialist (2017-Present), American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
Rebecca L. Harris (52) | Assistant Secretary since 2011 | Assistant Secretary since 2017 | Assistant Secretary since 2018 | Vice President, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2011-Present); Vice President, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present); Vice President, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2017-Present); Vice President, Continuous Capital, LLC (2018-Present). |
Teresa A. Oxford (60) | Assistant Secretary since 2015 | Assistant Secretary since 2017 | Assistant Secretary since 2018 | Assistant Secretary, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2015-Present); Assistant Secretary, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present); Assistant Secretary, Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (2018-Present); Assistant Secretary, Resolute Investment Services, Inc. (2018-Present). |
CODE OF ETHICS
The Manager, the Trust and the sub-advisor each have adopted a Code of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act. Each Code of Ethics significantly restricts the personal trading of all employees with access to non-public portfolio information. For example, each Code of Ethics generally requires pre-clearance of all personal securities trades (with limited exceptions) and prohibits employees from purchasing or selling a security that is being purchased or sold or being considered for purchase (with limited exceptions) or sale by any Fund. In addition, the Manager’s and the Trust’s Code of Ethics requires employees to report trades in shares of the Trusts. Each Code of Ethics is on public file with, and may be obtained from, the SEC.
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PROXY VOTING POLICIES
From time to time, the Fund may own a security whose issuer solicits a proxy vote on certain matters. The Board seeks to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders and has delegated proxy voting authority to the Manager. The Manager in turn has delegated proxy voting authority to the sub-advisor with respect to the Fund’s assets under the sub-advisor’s management. The Trust has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the “Policy”) that governs proxy voting by the Manager and sub-advisor, including procedures to address potential conflicts of interest between the Fund’s shareholders and the Manager, the sub-advisor or their affiliates. The Board has approved the Manager’s proxy voting policies and procedures with respect to Fund assets under the Manager’s management. Please see Appendix A for a copy of the Policy. The sub-advisor’s proxy voting policy and procedures are summarized (or included in their entirety) in Appendix B. The Fund’s proxy voting record for the most recent year ended June 30 is available as of August 31 of each year upon request and without charge by calling 1-800-967-9009 or by visiting the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The proxy voting record can be found in Form N-PX on the SEC’s website.
CONTROL PERSONS AND 5% SHAREHOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of any Class of the Fund’s outstanding shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund. The actions of an entity or person that controls the Fund could have an effect on other shareholders. For instance, a control person may have effective voting control over the Fund or large redemptions by a control person could cause the Fund’s other shareholders to pay a higher pro rata portion of the Fund’s expenses.
As of the date of this SAI, the Manager is the sole shareholder of the Fund.
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
The Fund’s sub-advisor is listed below with information regarding its controlling persons or entities. According to the Investment Company Act, a person or entity with control with respect to an investment advisor has “the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.” Persons and entities affiliated with the sub-advisor may be considered affiliates of the Fund.
SSI Investment Management, Inc. (“SSI”) | ||
Controlling Person/Entity | Basis of Control/Status | Nature of Controlling Person/Entity Business/Business History |
John Gottfurcht | Majority Owner | Officer & Director |
Amy Jo Gottfurcht | Minority Owner | Director |
George Douglas | Minority Owner | Officer & Director |
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Manager have entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with SSI pursuant to which the Fund has agreed to pay SSI an annualized subadvisory fee that is calculated and accrued daily equal to 0.95% for the first $300 million and 0.85% thereafter of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
The Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate if assigned, and may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Manager, by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by a vote of a
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majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on no less than thirty (30) days’ nor more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to the sub-advisor, or by the sub-advisor upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Trust. The Investment Advisory Agreement will continue in effect for an initial period of two years and thereafter from year to year provided that annually such continuance is specifically approved by a vote of the Trustees, including the affirmative votes of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval, or by the vote of shareholders.
Because the Fund has not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI, no subadvisory fees have been paid to SSI.
MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
The Manager
The Manager, located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039 is a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (“RIM”). RIM is, in turn, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Acquisition, Inc., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Topco, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC (“RIH”). RIH is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P. (“Kelso”), KEP VI, LLC and Estancia Capital Management LLC (“Estancia”), investment funds affiliated with Kelso & Company, L.P. or Estancia Capital Management, LLC, which are private equity firms. The address of Kelso and its investment funds is 320 Park Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10022. The address of Estancia and its investment fund is 20865 N 90th Place, Suite 200, Scottsdale, AZ 85255. The address of RIH is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, TX 75039.
Listed below are individuals and entities that may be deemed control persons of the Manager.
Listed below are individuals and entities that may be deemed control persons of the Manager.
Controlling Person/Entity | Basis of Control/Status | Nature of Controlling Person/Entity Business/ Business History |
Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC | Parent Company | Holding Company - Founded in 2015 |
Kelso Investment Associates VIII | Ownership in Parent Company | Investment Fund |
The Manager is paid a management fee as compensation for providing the Fund with management and administrative services. The expenses are allocated daily to each class of shares of the Fund based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. The Management Agreement provides for the Manager to receive an annualized management fee based on a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets that is calculated and accrued daily according to the following schedule:
First $5 billion | 0.35% |
Next $5 billion | 0.325% |
Next $10 billion | 0.30% |
Over $20 billion | 0.275% |
Because the Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI, no fees have been paid to the Manager.
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Operating expenses directly attributable to a specific class are charged against the assets of that class. Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Manager provides the Trust with office space, office equipment and personnel necessary to manage and administer the Trust’s operations. This includes:
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complying with reporting requirements;
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corresponding with shareholders;
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maintaining internal bookkeeping, accounting and auditing services and records;
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supervising the provision of services to the Trust by third parties; and
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administering the Fund’s interfund lending facility and lines of credit, if applicable.
In addition to its oversight of the sub-advisor, the Manager may invest the portion of the Fund’s assets that the sub-advisor determines to be allocated to short-term investments.
The Fund is responsible for expenses not otherwise assumed by the Manager, including the following: audits by independent auditors; transfer agency, custodian, dividend disbursing agent and shareholder recordkeeping services; taxes, if any, and the preparation of the Fund’s tax returns; interest; costs of Trustee and shareholder meetings; preparing, printing and mailing prospectuses and reports to existing shareholders; fees for filing reports with regulatory bodies and the maintenance of the Fund’s existence; legal fees; fees to federal and state authorities for the registration of shares; fees and expenses of Trustees; insurance and fidelity bond premiums; fees paid to service providers providing reports regarding adherence by the sub-advisor to the investment style of the Fund; fees paid for brokerage commission analysis for the purpose of monitoring best execution practices of the sub-advisor; and any extraordinary expenses of a nonrecurring nature.
The Investor Class has adopted a Service Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan authorizes the payment to the Manager (or another entity approved by the Board) of up to 0.375% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class shares. In addition, the Fund may reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class shares. The Manager or other approved entities may spend such amounts on any activities or expenses primarily intended to result in or relate to the servicing of Y Class and Investor Class shares including, but not limited to, payment of shareholder service fees and transfer agency or sub-transfer agency expenses. The fees, which are included as part of the Fund’s “Other Expenses” in the Table of Fees and Expenses in the Proxy Statement, will be payable monthly in arrears. The primary expenses expected to be incurred are shareholder servicing, record keeping fees and servicing fees paid to financial intermediaries such as plan sponsors and broker-dealers. Because the Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of the SAI, there were no prior service fees.
The Manager also may receive up to 10% of the net monthly income generated from the Fund’s securities lending activities as compensation for administrative and oversight functions with respect to securities lending of the Fund.
The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Fund to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions in shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund does not intend to engage in securities lending activities.
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Certain sub-advisors of the Fund or other series of the American Beacon Funds contribute to the Manager to support the Fund’s distribution activities.
The Manager has contractually agreed from time to time to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses for the Fund in order to maintain competitive expense ratios for the Fund. In July of 2003, the Board approved a policy whereby the Manager may seek repayment for such fee waivers and expense reimbursements. Under the policy, the Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual or voluntary fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager’s own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to exceed the lesser of the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/ reimbursement or the time of recoupment.
The Distributor
Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc. (“RID” or “Distributor”) is the Fund’s distributor and principal underwriter of the Fund’s shares.
RID, located at 220 East Las Colinas, Blvd., Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039, is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). The Distributor is affiliated with the Manager through common ownership. Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust, the Distributor acts as the distributor and principal underwriter of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of the Fund’s shares. The Distributor retains any portion of the commission fees that are not paid to the broker-dealers for use solely to pay distribution related expenses.
Since the Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI, no underwriting fees or other compensation have been paid to the Distributor.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
State Street, located at 1 Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as custodian for the Fund. State Street also serves as the Fund’s Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to rules adopted under the Investment Company Act, whereby it selects and monitors eligible foreign sub-custodians.
DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., located at 2000 Crown Colony Drive, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169 is the transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Trust and provides these services to Fund shareholders.
It is anticipated that the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm will be Ernst & Young LLP, which is located at 2323 Victory Avenue, Suite 2000, Dallas, Texas 75219.
K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Fund.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The portfolio managers to the Fund (the “Portfolio Manager”) have responsibility for the day-to-day management of accounts other than the Fund. Information regarding these other accounts has been provided by the Portfolio Managers’ firm and is set forth below. The number of accounts and assets is shown as of December 31, 2018.
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Number of Other Accounts Managed and Assets by Account Type | Number of Accounts and Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based | |||||
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager | Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts | Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
George M. Douglas | 2 ($32 mil) | 1 ($9 mil) | 2 ($172 mil) | 1 ($23 mil) | 1 ($9 mil) | 0 ($0) |
Alexander W. Volz | 2 ($32 mil) | 1 ($9 mil) | 2 ($172 mil) | 1 ($23 mil) | 1 ($9 mil) | 0 ($0) |
Dagney M. Hollander | 2 ($32 mil) | 1 ($9 mil) | 2 ($172 mil) | 1 ($23 mil) | 1 ($9 mil) | 0 ($0) |
Conflicts of Interest
As noted in the table above, the Portfolio Managers manage accounts other than the Fund. This side-by-side management may present potential conflicts between a Portfolio Manager’s management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other hand. Set forth below is a description by the sub-advisor of any foreseeable material conflicts of interest that may arise from the concurrent management of the Fund and other accounts. The information regarding potential conflicts of interest was provided by the sub-advisor.
It is possible that conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio managers’ management of the Fund’s investments on the one hand and the investments of other accounts or vehicles for which the portfolio managers are responsible on the other. For example, a portfolio manager may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time, resources and investment opportunities among the Fund and the other accounts or vehicles he advises. In addition, due to differences in the investment strategies or restrictions among the Fund and the other accounts, a portfolio manager may take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with respect to the Fund. In some cases, another account managed by a portfolio manager may provide more revenue to the Advisor or Sub-Advisor. While this may appear to create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities, the Advisor strives to ensure that portfolio managers endeavor to exercise their discretion in a manner that is equitable to all interested persons. In this regard, in the absence of specific account-related impediments, it is the policy of the Advisor and Sub-Advisor to allocate investment ideas pro rata to all accounts with the same primary investment objective.
The goal of the Sub-Advisor is to provide high quality investment services to all of its clients, while meeting its fiduciary obligations to treat all clients fairly. The Sub-Advisor has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures that it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients.
Compensation
The following is a description provided by the investment sub-advisor regarding the structure of and criteria for determining the compensation of the Portfolio Managers as of December 31, 2018.
Investment professionals of the Sub-Advisor are compensated through a combination of base salary, an annual performance-based bonus, and stock options. The performance-based bonus is based on the investment professional’s individual contribution to the product’s performance and success of the firm.
Ownership of the Fund
The Portfolio Managers’ beneficial ownership of the Fund is defined as the Portfolio Managers having the opportunity to share in any profit from transactions in the Fund, either directly or indirectly, as the result of any contract, understanding, arrangement, relationship or otherwise. Therefore, ownership of Fund shares by members of the Portfolio Managers’ immediate family or by a trust of which the Portfolio Managers are a trustee could be considered ownership by the Portfolio Managers. The Acquiring Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI. Accordingly, the Portfolio Managers do not
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beneficially own any shares of the Acquiring Fund. The table below sets forth the Portfolio Managers’ beneficial ownership of the Target Fund as of December 31, 2018 as provided by SSI.
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Managers | Palmer Square SSI Alternative Income Fund |
SSI Investment Management, Inc. | |
George M. Douglas | $100,001-$500,000 |
Alexander W. Volz | $10,001-$50,000 |
Dagney M. Hollander | $10,001-$50,000 |
PORTFOLIO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute particular transactions, the Manager and the sub-advisor are authorized to consider “brokerage and research services” (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), provision of statistical quotations (including the quotations necessary to determine the Fund’s NAV), and other information provided to the Fund, to the Manager and/or to the sub-advisor (or their affiliates), provided, however, that the Manager or the sub-advisor must always seek best execution. Research and brokerage services may include information on portfolio companies, economic analyses, and other investment research services. The Trust does not allow the Manager or sub-advisor to enter arrangements to direct transactions to broker-dealers as compensation for the promotion or sale of Trust shares by those broker-dealers. The Manager and the sub-advisor are also authorized to cause the Fund to pay a commission (as defined in SEC interpretations) to a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services for executing a portfolio transaction which is in excess of the amount of the commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction. The Manager or the sub-advisor, as appropriate, must determine in good faith, however, that such commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided, viewed in terms of that particular transaction or in terms of all the accounts over which the Manager or the sub-advisor exercises investment discretion. The fees of the sub-advisor are not reduced by reason of receipt of such brokerage and research services. However, with disclosure to and pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as applicable, the Manager, or the sub-advisor (or a broker-dealer affiliated with them) may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 under the Investment Company Act) for doing so. Brokerage and research services obtained with Fund commissions might be used by the Manager and/or the sub-advisor, as applicable, to benefit their other accounts under management.
The Manager and the sub-advisor will place their own orders to execute securities transactions that are designed to implement the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. In placing such orders, the sub-advisor will seek best execution. The full range and quality of services offered by the executing broker or dealer will be considered when making these determinations. Pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as appropriate, the sub-advisor of the Fund, or its affiliated broker-dealer, may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 of the Investment Company Act) for doing so. The Fund’s turnover rate, or the frequency of portfolio transactions, will vary from year to year depending on market conditions and the Fund’s cash flows. High portfolio turnover increases the Fund’s transaction costs, including brokerage commissions, and may result in a greater amount of recognized capital gains.
The Investment Advisory Agreements provide, in substance, that in executing portfolio transactions and selecting brokers or dealers, the principal objective of the sub-advisor is to seek best execution. In assessing available execution venues, the sub-advisor shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the value of any eligible research, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. Transactions with respect to the securities of small and emerging growth companies in which the Fund may invest may involve specialized services on the part of the broker or dealer and thereby may entail higher commissions or spreads than would be the case with transactions involving more widely traded securities.
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The Fund may establish brokerage commission recapture arrangements with certain brokers or dealers. If the sub-advisor chooses to execute a transaction through a participating broker, the broker rebates a portion of the commission back to the Fund. Any collateral benefit received through participation in the commission recapture program is directed exclusively to the Fund. Neither the Manager nor the sub-advisor receives any benefits from the commission recapture program. The sub-advisor’s participation in the brokerage commission recapture program is optional. The sub-advisor retains full discretion in selecting brokerage firms for securities transactions and is instructed to use the commission recapture program for a transaction only if it is consistent with the sub-advisor’s obligation to seek the best execution available.
The Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI. Accordingly, no brokerage commissions were paid by the Fund during the previous three fiscal years and the Fund did not receive any amount as a result of participation in the commission recapture program.
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND
Although the Fund intends to redeem shares in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets. However, shareholders always will be entitled to redeem shares for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of the Fund during any 90-day period. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. In addition, to the extent the Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
TAX INFORMATION
The tax information in the Proxy Statement and in this section relates solely to the federal income tax law and assumes that the Fund will qualify each taxable year as a “regulated investment company” (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code (as discussed below). The tax information in this section is only a summary of certain key federal tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders and is in addition to the tax information provided in the Proxy Statement. No attempt has been made to present a complete explanation of the federal income tax treatment of the Fund or the tax implications to its shareholders. The discussions here and in the Proxy Statement are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning. The tax information is based on the Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations in effect, and administrative pronouncements and judicial decisions publicly available, on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund intends to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code. To so qualify, the Fund (which is treated as a separate corporation for these purposes) must, among other requirements:
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Derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (1) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income, including gains from options, futures or forward contracts, derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies (“Qualifying Other Income”) and (2) net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (“QPTP”) (“Gross Income Requirement”). A QPTP is a “publicly traded partnership” satisfying certain qualifying income requirements other than a partnership at least 90% of the gross income of which is Qualifying Other Income;
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Diversify its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (1) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by cash and cash items, Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer’s outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for these purposes), and (2) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in (a) the securities (other than Government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (b) the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls (by owning 20% or more of their voting power) that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (c) the securities of one or more QPTPs (“25% Diversification Requirement”) (“Diversification Requirements”); and
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Distribute annually to its shareholders at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally, net investment income, the excess (if any) of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and net gains and losses (if any) from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) and 90% of its net exempt interest income (“Distribution Requirement”).
By qualifying for treatment as a RIC, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders. If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify for that treatment — either (1) by failing to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, even if it satisfies the Gross Income and Diversification Requirements (“Other Requirements”), or (2) by failing to satisfy any of the Other Requirements and is unable to, or determines not to, avail itself of Internal Revenue Code provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Other Requirements as long as the failure “is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect” and the RIC pays a tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements — then for federal tax purposes, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at the regular corporate rate without any deduction for dividends paid to its shareholders and the dividends it pays would be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly, (a) for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each an “individual”), as “qualified dividend income” ((as described in the Proxy Statement) (“QDI”) and/or (b) in the case of corporate shareholders that meet certain holding period and other requirements regarding their Fund shares, as eligible for the dividends-received deduction (“DRD”) to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify for RIC treatment would therefore have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance. Furthermore, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment. It is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a RIC in any given taxable year.
The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax (“Excise Tax”) to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions by the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the Excise Tax.
There can be no assurance that the Fund will make sufficient distributions to eliminate all taxes in all periods.
Taxation of Certain Investments and Strategies
Hedging strategies, such as entering into forward contracts and selling (writing) and purchasing options and futures contracts, involve complex rules that will determine for federal income tax purposes the
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amount, character and timing of recognition of gains and losses the Fund may realize in connection therewith. In general, the Fund’s (1) gains from the disposition of foreign currencies and (2) Qualifying Other Income will be treated as qualifying income under the Gross Income Requirement.
Dividends and interest the Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions (collectively, “foreign taxes”) that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its securities. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate foreign taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains realized on investments by foreign investors. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of the Fund’s foreign tax in advance, since the amount of its assets to be invested in various countries is not known.
Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and “non-equity” options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index) - except any “securities futures contract” that is not a “dealer securities futures contract” (both as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement - in which the Fund invests may be subject to Internal Revenue Code section 1256 (collectively, “Section 1256 contracts”). Any Section 1256 contract the Fund holds at the end of its taxable year must be “marked-to-market” (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for its fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of Section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax. These rules may operate to increase the amount that the Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain the Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it.
Under Internal Revenue Code section 988, a gain or loss (1) from the disposition of foreign currencies, (2) except in certain circumstances, from options, futures, and forward contracts on foreign currencies (and on financial instruments involving foreign currencies) and from notional principal contracts (e.g., swaps, caps, floors, and collars) involving payments denominated in foreign currencies, (3) on the disposition of each foreign-currency-denominated debt security that is attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the dates of acquisition and disposition of the security, and (4) that is attributable to exchange rate fluctuations between the time the Fund accrues interest, dividends, or other receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time it actually collects the receivables or pays the liabilities generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than affecting the amount of its net capital gain. If the Fund’s section 988 losses exceed its other investment company taxable income for a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to distribute any dividends, and any distributions made during that year (including those made before the losses were realized) would be characterized as a non-taxable “return of capital” to shareholders, rather than as a dividend, thereby reducing each shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares and treating any part of such distribution exceeding that basis as gain from the disposition of those shares.
When a covered call option written (sold) by the Fund expires, the Fund will realize a short-term capital gain equal to the amount of the premium it received for writing the option. When the Fund terminates its obligations under such an option by entering into a closing transaction, it will realize a short-term capital gain (or loss), depending on whether the cost of the closing transaction is less (or more) than the premium it received when it wrote the option. When a covered call option written by the Fund is exercised, it will be treated as having sold the underlying security, producing long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on the holding period of the underlying security and whether the sum of
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the option price received on the exercise plus the premium received when it wrote the option is more or less than the underlying security’s basis.
If the Fund has an “appreciated financial position”—generally, any position (including an interest through an option, futures or forward contract or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than “straight debt”) or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis—and enters into a “constructive sale” of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a futures or forward contract the Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any transaction of the Fund during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund’s risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations, administrative rules, and/or other legally binding authority that could affect the treatment of income from those instruments and the character, timing of recognition and amount of the Fund’s taxable income or net realized gains and distributions. If the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) were to assert successfully that income the Fund derives from those investments does not constitute Qualifying Other Income, the Fund might cease to qualify as a RIC (with the consequences described above under “Taxation of the Fund”) or might be required to reduce its exposure to such investments.
Taxation of the Fund’s Shareholders
General - Dividends and other distributions the Fund declares in the last quarter of any calendar year that are payable to shareholders of record on a date in that quarter will be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by those shareholders on December 31 of that year if the Fund pays the distributions during the following January. Accordingly, those distributions will be reportable by, and taxed to, those shareholders (other than tax-exempt entities and tax-deferred accounts and plans, such as individual retirement accounts or qualified retirement plans) for the taxable year in which that December 31 falls.
If Fund shares are redeemed at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be treated as long-term, instead of short-term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on those shares. In addition, any loss a shareholder realizes on a redemption of Fund shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the redemption; in that case, the basis in the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Investors also should be aware that the price of Fund shares at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming dividend or other distribution, so if they purchase Fund shares shortly before the record date for a distribution, they will pay full price for the shares and receive some part of the price back as a taxable distribution, even though it represents a partial return of invested capital.
Basis Election and Reporting - The Fund shareholder who wants to use an acceptable method for basis determination with respect to Fund shares other than the average basis method (the Fund’s default method) must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. The basis determination method the Fund shareholder elects may not be changed with respect to a redemption (including a redemption that is part of an exchange) of Fund shares after the settlement date of the redemption.
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In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of Fund shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Fund shares that are redeemed or exchanged and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the best IRS-accepted basis determination method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to them. Fund shareholders who acquire and hold Fund shares through a financial intermediary should contact their financial intermediary for information related to the basis election and reporting.
Backup Withholding - The Fund is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of dividends, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds (regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized) otherwise payable to any individual who fails to certify that the taxpayer identification number furnished to the Fund is correct or who furnishes an incorrect number (together with the withholding described in the next sentence, “backup withholding”). Withholding at that rate also is required from the Fund’s dividends and capital gain distributions otherwise payable to such a shareholder who (1) is subject to backup withholding for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly or (2) fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not subject to backup withholding or that it is a corporation or other “exempt recipient”. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, any amounts so withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability or refunded.
Non-U.S. Shareholders - Dividends the Fund pays to a shareholder who is a non-resident alien individual or foreign entity (each a “non-U.S. shareholder”) -- other than (1) dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder whose ownership of the Fund’s shares is effectively connected with a trade or business within the United States the shareholder conducts and (2) capital gain distributions paid to a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the United States for no more than 182 days during the taxable year -- generally are subject to 30% federal withholding tax (unless a reduced rate of withholding or a withholding exemption is provided under an applicable treaty). However, two categories of dividends the Fund might pay, “interest-related dividends” and “short-term capital gain dividends,” to non-U.S. shareholders (with certain exceptions) and reported by it in writing to its shareholders are exempt from that tax. “Short-term capital gain dividends” are dividends that are attributable to net short-term gain, computed with certain adjustments. “Interest-related dividends” are dividends that are attributable to “qualified net interest income” (i.e., “qualified interest income,” which generally consists of certain OID, interest on obligations “in registered form,” and interest on deposits, less allocable deductions) from sources within the United States. Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers concerning the applicability of that withholding tax.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) - Under FATCA, “foreign financial institutions” (“FFIs”) and “non-financial foreign entities” (“NFFEs”) that are Fund shareholders may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on (1) income dividends the Fund pays and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of redemptions of Fund shares it pays after December 31, 2018. As discussed more fully below, the FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain information regarding direct and indirect ownership of financial accounts U.S. persons hold with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, that certifies its status as such and, in certain circumstances, information regarding substantial U.S. owners. Proposed regulations issued in 2019 would defer or eliminate certain FATCA withholding taxes.
The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (“IGAs”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of the IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations. An FFI resident in a country that has entered into a Model I IGA with the United States must report to that country’s government (pursuant to the terms of the applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI resident in a Model II IGA country generally must comply with U.S. regulatory requirements, with certain exceptions, including the treatment of recalcitrant accountholders. An FFI resident in one of those countries that complies with whichever of the foregoing applies will be exempt from FATCA withholding.
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An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under the Internal Revenue Code. Under such an agreement, a participating FFI agrees to (1) verify and document whether it has U.S. accountholders, (2) report certain information regarding their accounts to the IRS, and (3) meet certain other specified requirements.
An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying its status as such and, in certain circumstances, either that (1) it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or (2) it does have one or more such owners and reports the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each such owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which may, in turn, report information to the IRS.
Those foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted, or deemed compliant categories established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide it with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above. Foreign investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation and the impact thereof on their investment in the Fund.
Effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the Internal Revenue Code generally allows individuals and certain non-corporate entities a deduction for 20% of (1) “qualified REIT dividends” and (2) “qualified publicly traded partnership income” (such as income from MLPs). Recently issued proposed regulations allow a RIC to pass the character of its qualified REIT dividends through to its shareholders provided certain holding period requirements are met. The Treasury Department has also announced that it is considering adopting regulations that would provide a similar pass-through by RICs of qualified publicly traded partnership income, but that pass-through is not currently available. As a result, an investor who invests directly in MLPs will be able to receive the benefit of the 20% deduction, while a shareholder in the Fund that invests in MLPs currently will not.
Other Taxes - Statutory rules and regulations regarding state and local taxation of ordinary income dividends, QDI dividends and net capital and foreign currency gain distributions may differ from the federal income taxation rules described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s situation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a “Massachusetts business trust.” Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of such a trust may, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for its obligations. However, the Trust’s Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of Trust property for any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss due to shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations. The Trust has not engaged in any other business.
The Trust was originally created to manage money for large institutional investors. The Investor Class was created to give individuals and other smaller investors an opportunity to invest in the American Beacon Funds. The Y Class was created to manage money for large institutional investors, including pension and 401(k) plans.
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Investors in the Fund will be informed of the Fund’s progress through periodic reports. Financial statements that will be subject to audit by an independent registered public accounting firm will be submitted to shareholders at least annually.
The Acquiring Fund will adopt the financial statements of the Target Fund. Those financial statements were audited by another registered public accounting firm and are incorporated by reference to the Target Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders dated March 31, 2018.
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APPENDIX A
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC.
SUMMARY OF PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
SUMMARY OF PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion in order to secure the best long-term interests of the advisory clients of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (“AmBeacon”). AmBeacon’s proxy voting policies and procedures are designed to implement AmBeacon’s duty to vote proxies in clients’ best interests. Given that AmBeacon manages portfolios that invest solely in fixed-income securities, the only securities for which we expect to receive proxies are money market mutual funds. As such, the proxy voting policies and procedures set forth voting guidelines for the proxy issues and proposals common to money market funds.
For routine proposals that will not change the structure, bylaws or operations of the money market fund, AmBeacon’s policy is to support management; however, each proposal will be considered individually focusing on the financial interests of the client portfolio. Non-routine proposals, such as board elections, advisory contract and distribution plan approvals, investment objective changes, and mergers, will generally be reviewed on a case-by-case basis with AmBeacon first and foremost considering the effect of the proposal on the portfolio.
Items to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and proposals not contemplated in the policies set forth above will be assessed by AmBeacon. In these situations, AmBeacon will use its judgment to vote in the best interest of the client portfolio. For all proposals, especially controversial or case-by-case evaluations, AmBeacon will be responsible for individually identifying significant issues that could impact the investment performance of the portfolio.
AmBeacon manages portfolios for the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds, the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, the American Beacon Sound Point Enhanced Income Fund, and the American Beacon Apollo Total Return Fund (collectively, the “Funds”). AmBeacon may invest a Fund in shares of the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund. If the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund solicits a proxy for which another Fund is entitled to vote, AmBeacon’s interests as manager of the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund might appear to conflict with the interests of the shareholders of the other Fund. In these cases, AmBeacon will vote the Fund’s shares in accordance with the Select Funds’ Board of Trustees’ recommendations in the proxy statement.
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS TRUST
AMERICAN BEACON SOUND POINT ENHANCED INCOME FUND
AMERICAN BEACON APOLLO TOTAL RETURN FUND
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS TRUST
AMERICAN BEACON SOUND POINT ENHANCED INCOME FUND
AMERICAN BEACON APOLLO TOTAL RETURN FUND
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Last Amended February 28, 2018
Preface
Proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion to secure the best long-term interests of shareholders of the American Beacon
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Funds (“Beacon Funds”), the American Beacon Select Funds (“Select Funds”), the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (“Institutional Funds”), the American Beacon Sound Point Enhanced Income Fund, and the American Beacon Apollo Total Return Fund (collectively, the “Funds”). Therefore, this Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the “Policy”) have been adopted by the Funds.
The Funds are managed by American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the “Manager”). The Manager may allocate discrete portions of the Funds among sub-advisors, and the Manager may directly manage all or a portion of the assets of certain Funds. The Funds’ respective Boards of Trustees have delegated proxy voting authority to the Manager. The Manager has in turn delegated proxy voting authority to each sub-advisor with respect to the sub-advisor’s respective portion of the Fund(s) under management, but the Manager has retained the authority to override a proposed proxy voting decision by a sub-advisor. For the securities held in their respective portion of each Fund, the Manager and the sub-advisors make voting decisions pursuant to their own proxy voting policies and procedures, which have been adopted by the applicable Fund and approved by the applicable Fund’s Board of Trustees.
Conflicts of Interest
The Board of Trustees seeks to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of Fund shareholders. For certain proxy proposals, the interests of the Manager, the sub-advisors and/or their affiliates may differ from Fund shareholders’ interests. To avoid the appearance of impropriety and to fulfill their fiduciary responsibility to shareholders in these circumstances, the Manager and the sub-advisors are required to establish procedures that are reasonably designed to address material conflicts between their interests and those of the Funds.
When a sub-advisor deems that it is conflicted with respect to a voting matter, its policy may call for it to seek voting instructions from the client. The Manager is authorized by the Boards of Trustees to consider any such matters and provide voting instructions to the sub-advisor, unless the Manager has determined that its interests are conflicted with Fund shareholders with respect to the voting matter. In those instances, the Manager will instruct the sub-advisor to vote in accordance with the recommendation of a third-party proxy voting advisory service.
Each Fund can invest in the shares of the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund. If the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund issues a proxy for which another Fund is entitled to vote, the Manager’s interests regarding the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund might appear to conflict with the interests of the shareholders of the other Fund. In these cases, the Manager will vote in accordance with the Select Funds’ Board of Trustees’ recommendations in the proxy statement. If the methods for addressing conflicts of interest, as described above, are deemed by the Manager to be unreasonable due to cost, timing or other factors, then the Manager may decline to vote in those instances.
Securities on Loan
With respect to the Funds that engage in securities lending, the Manager shall engage a proxy voting service to notify the Manager before the record date about the occurrence of future shareholder meetings, as feasible. The Manager will determine whether or not to recall shares of the applicable security that are on loan with the intent of the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, voting such shares. The Manager’s determination shall be based on factors which may include the nature of the meeting (i.e., annual or special), the percentage of the proxy issuer’s outstanding securities on loan, any other information regarding the proxy proposals of which the Manager may be aware, and the loss of securities lending income to a Fund as a result of recalling the shares on loan.
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Recordkeeping
The Manager and the sub-advisors shall maintain records of all votes cast on behalf of the Funds. Such documentation will include the firm’s proxy voting policies and procedures, company reports provided by proxy voting advisory services, additional information gathered by the Manager or sub-advisor that was material to reaching a voting decision, and communications to the Manager regarding any identified conflicts. The Manager and the sub-advisors shall maintain voting records in a manner to facilitate the Funds’ production of the Form N-PX filing on an annual basis.
Disclosure
The Manager will coordinate the compilation of the Funds’ proxy voting record for each year ended June 30 and file the required information with the SEC via Form N-PX by August 31. The Manager will include a summary of the Policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the sub-advisors, as applicable, in each Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). In each Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, the Manager will disclose that a description of the Policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the sub-advisors, as applicable, is a) available upon request, without charge, by toll-free telephone request, b) on the Funds’ website (if applicable), and c) on the SEC’s website in the SAI. The SAI and shareholder reports will also disclose that the Funds’ proxy voting record is available by toll-free telephone request (or on the Funds’ website) and on the SEC’s website by way of the Form N-PX. Within three business days of receiving a request, the Manager will send a copy of the policy description or voting record by first-class mail.
Manager Oversight
The Manager shall review a sub-advisor’s proxy voting policies and procedures for compliance with this Policy and applicable laws and regulations prior to initial delegation of proxy voting authority and on at least an annual basis thereafter.
Board Reporting
On at least an annual basis, the Manager will present a summary of the voting records of the Funds to the Boards of Trustees for their review. The Manager will notify the Boards of Trustees of any material changes to its proxy voting policies and procedures.
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APPENDIX B
SSI INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES STATEMENT
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES STATEMENT
This Statement of Policies and Procedures (this “Statement”) sets forth the policies and procedures of SSI Investment Management Inc. (the “Firm”) with respect to proxy voting. This Statement does not attempt to describe every regulatory and compliance requirement applicable to proxy voting, but rather summarizes some of the issues involved and establishes general rules and procedures. Although this Statement expressly addresses proxy voting, the policies and procedures set forth herein apply to any solicitation of votes with respect to securities held in a Discretionary Account (as defined below), such as, for example, the solicitation of the consent of the holders of fixed income securities to a proposed restructuring.
A. | Certain Definitions |
“Client” means any person (including any Investment Fund) to which or for whom the Firm provides investment advisory services.
“Discretionary Account” means the investment portfolio of any Client with respect to which that Client has granted the Firm (a) discretionary proxy voting authority, or (b) discretionary investment authority without expressly retaining proxy voting authority. All Investment Funds are Discretionary Accounts.
“Investment Fund” means any United States or non-United States investment fund or pool of which the Firm serves as general partner, managing member or investment adviser or in a similar capacity.
“Non-Discretionary Account” means the investment portfolio of any Client with respect to which that Client (a) has granted the Firm discretionary investment authority but has expressly retained proxy voting authority, or (b) has not granted the Firm discretionary investment authority or discretionary proxy voting authority.
“Proxy Control Associate” means the person responsible for overseeing the adherence to the policies and procedures related to proxy voting.
B. | Use of Proxy Voting Service. |
The Firm has retained the services of Institutional Shareholder Services, “ISS.” which provides research and recommendations on proxy voting issues. Institutional Shareholder Services has authority to vote the proxies for each Discretionary Account, in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies set forth below.
From time to time, SSI reviews the policies and procedures that Institutional Shareholder Services has adopted and implemented to insulate Institutional Shareholder Services’ voting recommendations from incentives to vote the proxies to further their relationships with issuers.
C. | Discretionary Accounts. |
For all accounts SSI has voting authority, the Firm will instruct each custodian for a Discretionary Account to deliver to Institutional Shareholder Services all proxy solicitation materials received with respect to that Discretionary Account. Institutional Shareholder Services will review the securities held in its Discretionary Accounts on a regular basis to confirm that ISS receives copies of all proxy solicitation materials concerning such securities.
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The Firm, through Institutional Shareholder Services, will vote all proxies on behalf of Discretionary Accounts after carefully considering all proxy solicitation materials and other available facts. The Firm has instructed Institutional Shareholder Services to make all voting decisions on behalf of a Discretionary Account based solely on the determination of the best interests of that Discretionary Account. The Firm will use reasonable efforts to respond to each proxy solicitation by the deadline for such response. The Proxy Control Associate may designate an appropriate employee of the Firm to be responsible for ensuring that all proxy statements are received and that the Firm responds to them in a timely manner.
1. | Company Information. The Firm, through Institutional Shareholder Services, will review all proxy solicitation materials it receives concerning securities held in a Discretionary Account. Institutional Shareholder Services evaluates all such information and may seek additional information from the party soliciting the proxy and independent corroboration of such information when Institutional Shareholder Services considers it appropriate and when it is reasonably available. |
2. | Proxy Voting Policies. |
a) | The Firm will vote FOR a proposal when it believes that the proposal serves the best interests of the Discretionary Account whose proxy is solicited because, on balance, the following factors predominate: |
(i) | the proposal has a positive economic effect on shareholder value; |
(ii) | the proposal poses no threat to existing rights of shareholders; |
(iii) | the dilution, if any, of existing shares that would result from approval of the proposal is warranted by the benefits of the proposal; and |
(iv) | the proposal does not limit or impair accountability to shareholders on the part of management and the board of directors. |
b) | The Firm will vote AGAINST a proposal if it believes that, on balance, the following factors predominate: |
(i) | the proposal has an adverse economic effect on shareholder value; |
(ii) | the proposal limits the rights of shareholders in a manner or to an extent that is not warranted by the benefits of the proposal; |
(iii) | the proposal causes significant dilution of shares that is not warranted by the benefits of the proposal; |
(iv) | the proposal limits or impairs accountability to the shareholders on the part of management or the board of directors; or |
(v) | the proposal is a shareholder initiative that the Firm believes wastes time and resources of the company or reflects the grievance of one individual. |
c) | The Firm will ABSTAIN from voting proxies when the Firm believes that it is appropriate. Usually, this occurs when the Firm believes that a proposal holds negative but nonquantifiable implications for shareholder value but may express a legitimate concern. |
d) | From time to time, Institutional Shareholder Services provides to the Firm more detailed proxy voting guidelines, in accordance with this section C(2), the most recent version of which SSI maintains and will be followed by Institutional Shareholder Services when voting proxies. |
3. | Conflicts of Interest. Due to the size and nature of the Firms’ operations and the Firm’s limited affiliations in the securities industry, the Firm does not expect that material conflicts of interest will arise between the Firm and a Discretionary Account over proxy voting. The Firm recognizes, however, that such conflicts may arise from time to time, such as, for example, when the Firm or one of its affiliates has a business arrangement that could be affected by the outcome of a proxy vote or has a personal or business relationship with a person seeking appointment or re appointment as a director of a company. If a material conflict of interest arises, the Firm will vote all proxies in accordance with section C(2). The Firm will not place its own interests ahead of the interests of its Discretionary Accounts in voting proxies. When voting proxies, the Firm does not consider any conflicts of interest that any other affiliate of a client (such as another service provider to an investment company client) may have. |
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If the Firm determines that the proxy voting policies in section C(2) do not adequately address a material conflict of interest related to a proxy, the Firm will provide the affected Client with copies of all proxy solicitation materials received by the Firm with respect to that proxy, notify that Client of the actual or potential conflict of interest and of the Firm’s intended response to the proxy request (which response will be in accordance with the policies set forth in section C(2)), and request that the Client consent to the Firm’s intended response. With respect to any Investment Fund of which the Firm serves as manager or general partner or in a similar capacity, the Firm will provide the foregoing notices to all investors in the Investment Fund and request the consent of a majority in interest of such investors. If the Client (or a majority in interest of the investors in an Investment Fund) consents to the Firm’s intended response or fails to respond to the notice within a reasonable period of time specified in the notice, the Firm will vote the proxy as described in the notice. If the Client (or a majority in interest of the investors in an Investment Fund) objects to the Firm’s intended response, the Firm will vote the proxy as directed by the Client (or a majority in interest of the investors in an Investment Fund).
4. | Shareholder Proposals by the Firm. The Firm will submit a shareholder proposal on behalf of an Investment Fund only if the Firm believes that the proposal would provide a substantial overall benefit to the Investment Fund. The Firm will submit a shareholder proposal on behalf of any other Discretionary Account only at the request of the Discretionary Account Client or with that Client’s prior written consent. The Firm will vote any shares in a Discretionary Account on behalf of a proposal submitted by the Firm in accordance with sections C(2), unless otherwise directed by the Discretionary Account Client. |
5. | Proxy Vote Summaries. At the request of a Discretionary Account Client or an investor in an Investment Fund (other than an Investment Fund that is registered as an investment company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ICA”)(such Investment Fund a “Registered Fund”)), the Firm will provide that person with a report summarizing all proxy solicitations the Firm received with respect to that Discretionary Account during the period requested by that person and the action taken by the Firm on each such proxy. Regarding the proxy votes in respect of the portfolio securities in a Registered Fund, the Firm will provide that Registered Fund with the information required to be disclosed by that Registered Fund pursuant to Rule 30b1-4 of the ICA and SEC Form N-PX promulgated thereunder, including: |
a) | The name of the issuer of the portfolio security; |
b) | The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security; |
c) | The Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures number for the portfolio security (unless not available through reasonably practical means, e.g., in the case of certain foreign issuers); |
d) | The shareholder meeting date; |
e) | A brief identification of the matter voted on; |
f) | Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder; |
g) | Whether the registrant cast its vote on the matter; |
h) | How the registrant cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding election of directors); and |
i) | Whether the registrant cast its vote for or against management. |
D. Non-Discretionary Accounts.
The Firm promptly will forward any proxy solicitation materials concerning securities held in a Non-Discretionary Account that the Firm receives at least five business days before the applicable proxy voting deadline to the appropriate Client. The Firm will vote any such proxy as directed by that Client. At a Client’s request, the Firm may, but is not obligated to, advise that Client with respect to the voting of any proxy. No advice concerning the voting of any proxy may be provided to any Client unless such advice has been approved by the Proxy Control Associate.
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E. Records.
The Firm will keep a copy of (a) each proxy statement it receives regarding securities held in Discretionary Accounts, (b) a record of each vote cast by the Firm with respect to securities in each Discretionary Account, (c) any document created by the Firm that is material to the Firm’s decision on voting a proxy or that describes the basis for that decision, (d) each written request from a Discretionary Account Client or an investor in an Investment Fund (other than a registered Fund) for information about how the Firm votes proxies of that Discretionary Account or Investment Fund, (e) each written response by the Firm to any oral or written request from a Discretionary Account Client or an investor in an Investment Fund other than a Registered Fund for such information and (f) with respect to a Registered Fund the information required by section C(5) hereof. The Firm may delegate to a third party the duty to keep the records identified in sections C(5) and E if that third party agrees to furnish such records to the Firm and, with respect to any records pertaining to any Registered Fund, to that Registered Fund, promptly on request, and agrees that such records pertaining to the Registered Fund proxy voting are the property of the Firm and that Registered Fund. Each such record will be maintained by the Firm or such third party for at least six years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry is made in that record, and for the first two years in the Firm’s office (or such third party’s office, as the case may be). The Firm or such third party may elect not to keep a copy of a proxy statement if it can obtain such statement electronically via the SEC’s EDGAR system.
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APPENDIX C
Ratings Definitions
Below are summaries of the ratings definitions used by some of the rating organizations. Those ratings represent the opinion of the rating organizations as to the credit quality of the issues that they rate. The summaries are based upon publicly available information provided by the rating organizations.
Ratings of Long-Term Obligations and Preferred Stocks — The Fund utilizes ratings provided by rating organizations in order to determine eligibility of long-term obligations. The ratings described in this section may also be used for evaluating the credit quality for preferred stocks.
Credit ratings typically evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of bonds. The rating organizations may fail to update a credit rating on a timely basis to reflect changes in economic or financial conditions that may affect the market value of the security. For these reasons, credit ratings may not be an accurate indicator of the market value of a bond.
The four highest Moody’s ratings for long-term obligations (or issuers thereof) are Aaa, Aa, A and Baa. Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk. Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Moody’s ratings of Ba, B, Caa, Ca and C are considered below investment grade. Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk. Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. Moody’s also appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.
The four highest Standard & Poor’s ratings for long-term obligations are AAA, AA, A and BBB. An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Standard & Poor’s ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are considered below investment grade and are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated B is
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more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor’s expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher. An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. A rating of NR indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
The four highest ratings for long-term obligations by Fitch Ratings are AAA, AA, A and BBB. Obligations rated AAA are deemed to be of the highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events. Obligations rated AA are deemed to be of very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events. Obligations rated A are deemed to be of high credit quality. An A rating denotes expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings. Obligations rated BBB are deemed to be of good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.
Fitch’s ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, C, RD and D are considered below investment grade or speculative grade. Obligations rated BB are deemed to be speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments. Obligations rated B are deemed to be highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment. Obligations rated CCC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Obligations rated CC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. Obligations rated C indicate exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of ‘RD’ or ‘D’ to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange. Obligations rated RD indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment
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default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. Obligations rated D indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business. Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange. “Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future. In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.
Ratings of Municipal Obligations — Moody’s ratings for short-term investment-grade municipal obligations are designated Municipal Investment Grade (MIG or VMIG in the case of variable rate demand obligations) and are divided into three levels — MIG/VMIG 1, MIG/VMIG 2 and MIG/VMIG 3. Factors used in determination of ratings include liquidity of the borrower and short-term cyclical elements. The MIG/VMIG 1 rating denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. The MIG/VMIG 2 rating denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group. The MIG/VMIG 3 rating denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. An SG rating denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Standard & Poor’s uses SP-1, SP-2, and SP-3 to rate short-term municipal obligations. A rating of SP-1 denotes a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. A rating of SP-2 denotes a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. A rating of SP-3 denotes a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Ratings of Short-Term Obligations — Moody’s short-term ratings, designated as P-1, P-2, P-3, or NP, are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations that generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months. The rating P-1 is the highest short-term rating assigned by Moody’s and it denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-2 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-3 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term policyholder claims and obligations. The rating NP denotes an issuer (or supporting institutions) that does not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Standard & Poor’s short-term ratings are generally assigned to obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days — including commercial paper. A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. A short-term obligation
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rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Fitch Ratings’ short-term ratings have a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. A rating of F1 denotes an obligation of the highest credit quality. It indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature. A rating of F2 denotes good credit quality. It indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings. A rating of F3 denotes fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade. A rating of B denotes an obligation that is speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. A rating of C denotes a high default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. A rating of RD indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. A rating of D indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
C-4
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 15. Indemnification
See (i) the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) of American Beacon Funds (the “Trust” or the “Registrant”), attached as Exhibit (a)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 225 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 033-11387 and 811-04984) (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 30, 2015, and (ii) the Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), attached as Exhibit (b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 310 to the Registration Statement filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018.
Article XI of the Declaration of Trust of the Trust provides that:
Limitation of Liability
Section 1. Provided they have exercised reasonable care and have acted under the reasonable belief that their actions are in the best interest of the Trust, the Trustees shall not be responsible for or liable in any event for neglect or wrongdoing of them or any officer, agent, employee or investment adviser of the Trust, but nothing contained herein shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Indemnification
Section 2.
(a) | Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in paragraph (b) below: |
(i) every person who is, or has been, a Trustee or officer of the Trust (hereinafter referred to as “Covered Person”) shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been a Trustee or officer and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof;
(ii) the words “claim,” “action,” “suit,” or “proceeding” shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings (civil, criminal or other, including appeals), actual or threatened while in office or thereafter, and the words “liability” and “expenses” shall include, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities.
(b) No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered Person:
(i) who shall have been adjudicated by a court or body before which the proceeding was brought (A) to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office or (B) not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interest of the Trust; or
(ii) in the event of a settlement, unless there has been a determination that such Trustee or officer did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office: (A) by the court or other body approving the settlement; (B) by at least a majority of those Trustees who are neither interested persons of the Trust nor are parties to the matter based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial‑type inquiry); or (C) by written opinion of independent legal counsel based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial‑type inquiry); provided, however, that any Shareholder may, by appropriate legal proceedings, challenge any such determination by the Trustees, or by independent counsel.
(c) The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust, shall be severable, shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such Trustee or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel, other than Trustees and officers, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.
(d) Expenses in connection with the preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit, or proceeding of the character described in paragraph (a) of this Section 2 may be paid by the Trust from time to time prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person that such amount will be paid over by him to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification under this Section 2; provided, however, that:
(i) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking;
(ii) the Trust is insured against losses arising out of any such advance payments; or
(iii) either a majority of Trustees who are neither interested persons of the Trust nor parties to the matter, or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a trial-type inquiry or full investigation), that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this Section 2.
According to Article XII, Section 1 of the Declaration of Trust, the Trust is a trust, not a partnership. Trustees are not liable personally to any person extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust, a particular Portfolio or the Trustees. A Trustee, however, is not protected from liability due to willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Article XII, Section 2 provides that, subject to the provisions of Section 1 of Article XII and to Article XI, the Trustees are not liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, or for any act or omission in accordance with advice of counsel or other experts or for failing to follow such advice.
Numbered Paragraph 10 of the Management Agreement provides that:
10. Limitation of Liability of the Manager. The Manager shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by a Trust or any Fund in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relate except a loss resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under this Agreement. Any person, even though also an officer, partner, employee, or agent of
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the Manager, who may be or become an officer, Board member, employee or agent of a Trust shall be deemed, when rendering services to a Trust or acting in any business of a Trust, to be rendering such services to or acting solely for a Trust and not as an officer, partner, employee, or agent or one under the control or direction of the Manager even though paid by it. The U.S. federal and state securities laws impose liabilities on persons who act in good faith, and, therefore, nothing in this Agreement is intended to limit the obligations of the Manager under such laws. This Paragraph 10 does not in any manner preempt any separate written indemnification commitments made by the Manager with respect to any matters encompassed by this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with SSI Investment Management, Inc. provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser and Manager. The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement. Each of the Adviser and the Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the other party, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the other party, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the other party or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the indemnifying party’s responsibilities to the Trust based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the indemnifying party’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the indemnifying party or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the indemnifying party. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Section 4.2 of the Distribution Agreement provides that:
(a) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Resolute shall not be responsible for, and the Client shall on behalf of each applicable Fund or Class thereof, indemnify and hold harmless Resolute, its employees, directors, officers and managers and any person who controls Resolute within the meaning of section 15 of the Securities Act or section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (for purposes of this Section 4.2(a), “Resolute Indemnitees”) from and against, any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, liabilities and other expenses of every nature and character (including, but not limited to, direct and indirect reasonable reprocessing costs) arising out of or attributable to all and any of the following (for purposes of this Section 4.2(a), a “Resolute Claim”):
(i) any material action (or omission to act) of Resolute or its agents taken in connection with this Agreement; provided, that such action (or omission to act) is taken in good faith and without willful misfeasance, negligence or reckless disregard by Resolute, or its affiliates, of its duties and obligations under this Agreement;
(ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or arising out of or based upon any alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Client in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement or exhibits to the Registration Statement by or on behalf of Resolute;
(iii) any material breach of the Clients’ agreements, representations, warranties, and covenants in Sections 2.9 and 5.2 of this Agreement; or
(iv) the reliance on or use by Resolute or its agents or subcontractors of information,
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records, documents or services which have been prepared, maintained or performed by the Client or any agent of the Client, including but not limited to any Predecessor Records provided pursuant to Section 2.9(b).
(b) Resolute will indemnify, defend and hold the Client and their several officers and members of their Governing Bodies and any person who controls the Client within the meaning of section 15 of the Securities Act or section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (collectively, the “Client Indemnitees” and, with the Resolute Indemnitees, an “Indemnitee”), free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, actions, suits, judgments, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees and other expenses of every nature and character (including the cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands, actions, suits or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith), but only to the extent that such claims, demands, actions, suits, judgments, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees and other expenses result from, arise out of or are based upon all and any of the following (for purposes of this Section 4.2(c), a “Client Claim” and, with a Resolute Claim, a “Claim”):
(i) any material action (or omission to act) of Resolute or its agents taken in connection with this Agreement, provided that such action (or omission to act) is taken in good faith and without willful misfeasance, negligence or reckless disregard by Resolute, or its affiliates, of its duties and obligations under this Agreement.
(ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Client in writing in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement by or on behalf of Resolute; or
(iii) any material breach of Resolute’s agreements, representations, warranties and covenants set forth in Section 2.4 and 5.1 hereof.
(c) The Client or Resolute (for purpose of this Section 4.2(d), an “Indemnifying Party”) may assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any Resolute Claim or Client Claim, respectively, and may retain counsel chosen by the Indemnifying Party and approved by the other Party, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Indemnifying Party shall advise the other Party that it will assume the defense of the suit and retain counsel within ten (10) days of receipt of the notice of the claim. If the Indemnifying Party assumes the defense of any such suit and retains counsel, the other Party shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel that they retain. If the Indemnifying Party does not assume the defense of any such suit, or if other Party does not approve of counsel chosen by the Indemnifying Party, or if the other Party has been advised that it may have available defenses or claims that are not available to or conflict with those available to the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party will reimburse any Indemnitee named as defendant in such suit for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel that the Indemnitee retains. An Indemnitee shall not settle or confess any claim without the prior written consent of the applicable Client, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
(d) An Indemnifying Party’s obligation to provide indemnification under this section is conditioned upon the Indemnifying Party receiving notice of any action brought against an Indemnitee within twenty (20) days after the summons or other first legal process is served. Such notice shall refer to the Person or Persons against whom the action is brought. The failure to provide such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of any liability that it may have to any Indemnitee except to the extent that the ability of the party entitled to such notice to defend such action has been materially adversely affected by the failure to provide notice.
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(e) The provisions of this section and the parties’ representations and warranties in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Indemnitee and shall survive the sale and redemption of any Shares made pursuant to subscriptions obtained by Resolute. The indemnification provisions of this section will inure exclusively to the benefit of each person that may be an Indemnitee at any time and their respective successors and assigns (it being intended that such persons be deemed to be third party beneficiaries under this Agreement).
Section 4.3 of the Distribution Agreement provides that:
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, except as specifically set forth below:
(a) Neither Party shall be liable for losses, delays, failure, errors, interruption or loss of data occurring directly or indirectly by reason of circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; action or inaction of civil or military authority; public enemy; war; terrorism; riot; fire; flood; sabotage; epidemics; labor disputes; civil commotion; interruption, loss or malfunction of utilities, transportation, computer or communications capabilities; insurrection; or elements of nature;
(b) Neither Party shall be liable for any consequential, special or indirect losses or damages suffered by the other Party, whether or not the likelihood of such losses or damages was known by the Party;
(c) No affiliate, director, officer, employee, manager, shareholder, partner, agent, counsel or consultant of either Party shall be liable at law or in equity for the obligations of such Party under this Agreement or for any damages suffered by the other Party related to this Agreement;
(d) There are no third-party beneficiaries of this Agreement;
(e) Each Party shall have a duty to mitigate damages for which the other Party may become responsible;
(f) The assets and liabilities of each Fund are separate and distinct from the assets and liabilities of each other Fund, and no Fund shall be liable or shall be charged for any debt, obligation or liability of any other Fund, whether arising under this Agreement or otherwise; and in asserting any rights or claims under this Agreement, Resolute shall look only to the assets and property of the Fund to which Resolute’ s rights or claims relate in settlement of such rights or claims; and
(g) Each Party agrees promptly to notify the other party of the commencement of any litigation or proceeding of which it becomes aware arising out of or in any way connected with the issuance or sale of Shares.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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Supplemental Limited Indemnification from the Manager
ABA shall indemnify and hold harmless Indemnitee, in his or her individual capacity, from and against any cost, asserted claim, liability or expense, including reasonable legal fees (collectively, “Liability”) based upon or arising out of (i) any duty of ABA under the Management Agreement (including ABA’s failure or omission to perform such duty), and (ii) any liability or claim against Indemnitee arising pursuant to Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Rule 10b-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any similar or related federal, state or common law statutes, rules or interpretations. ABA’s indemnification obligations under this Letter Agreement shall be limited to civil and administrative claims or proceedings.
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Item 16. | Exhibits | |
(1) | (a) | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, dated March 4, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 225 to the Registration Statement, filed June 30, 2015 |
(b) | Form of Certificate of Designation for American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund – (filed herewith) | |
(2) | Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated February 18, 2014, amended as of November 7, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 310 to the Registration Statement, filed February 28, 2018 | |
(3) | Voting Trust Agreements – (not applicable) | |
(4) | Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Termination – (filed herewith as Appendix A to the Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus) | |
(5) | Rights of holders of the securities being registered are contained in Articles III, VIII, X, XI and XII of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust and Articles III, V, VI and XI of the Registrant’s Bylaws | |
(6) | (a)(i) | Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated April 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 258 to the Registration Statement, filed May 19, 2016 |
(a)(ii) | Amendment to Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated June 23, 2016, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registration Statement, filed December 23, 2016 (“PEA No. 269”) | |
(a)(iii) | Tenth Amendment to Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated December 6, 2018, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 329, filed December 17, 2018 (“PEA No. 329”) | |
(b)(i) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 323, filed on October 31, 2018 | |
(7) | (a) | Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc., dated March 1, 2018, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 312 to the Registration Statement, filed March 28, 2018 (“PEA No. 312”) |
(b) | Amendment to the Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc., dated March 1, 2018, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 312 | |
(c) | Second Amendment to the Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc., dated June |
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15, 2018, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 319 | ||
(d) | Third Amendment to the Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and Resolute Investment Distributors, Inc., dated December 6, 2018, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 329 | |
(8) | Bonus, profit sharing or pension plans – (none) | |
(9) | (a) | Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated December 1, 1997, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registration Statement, filed February 26, 1998 (“PEA No. 24”) |
(b) | Amended and Restated Schedule D to the Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated September 25, 2018, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 329 | |
(10) | Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3, dated November 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | |
(11) | Opinion of Counsel as to the Legality of Shares Being Registered – (filed herewith) | |
(12) | Opinion of Counsel on Tax Matters – (to be filed by subsequent amendment) | |
(13) | Other Material Contracts | |
(a)(i) | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated January 1, 1998, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 24 | |
(a)(ii) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement regarding anti-money laundering procedures, dated September 24, 2002, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to the Registration Statement, filed February 28, 2003 | |
(a)(iii) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement to replace fee schedule, dated March 26, 2004, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration Statement, filed March 1, 2007 | |
(a)(iv) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated January 24, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 278 to the Registration Statement, filed February 28, 2017 | |
(a)(v) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated September 11, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 298 to the Registration Statement, filed September 15, 2017 | |
(a)(vi) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated October 16, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 303 to the Registration Statement, filed September 15, 2017 | |
(a)(vii) | Amendment to and Assignment of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement from State Street Bank and Trust Company to Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. dated September 5, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 313, filed on April 25, 2018 | |
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(a)(viii) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated July 30, 2018, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 319 | |
(a)(ix) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated November 16, 2018, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 330, filed December 21, 2018 | |
(b)(i) | Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Master Trust, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated March 1, 2005, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 to the Registration Statement, filed December 30, 2010 (“PEA No. 97”) | |
(b)(ii) | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Master Trust, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated December 7, 2010, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 97 | |
(b)(iii) | Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Master Trust, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated February 3, 2012, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to the Registration Statement, filed February 2, 2012 | |
(b)(iv) | Seventh Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated August 28, 2013, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 166 to the Registration Statement, filed September 20, 2013 | |
(b)(v) | Eighth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated July 7, 2014, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 203 to the Registration Statement, filed August 20, 2014 | |
(b)(vi) | Ninth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated February 11, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | |
(b)(vii) | Tenth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated March 22, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 291 to the Registration Statement, filed May 26, 2017 | |
(c) | Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds Investor Class, dated March 6, 2009, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registration Statement, filed August 3, 2009 | |
(d) | Form of Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund – (filed herewith) | |
(14) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – (filed herewith) | |
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(15) | Financial Statements Omitted Pursuant to Item 14(a)(1) – (not applicable) | |
(16) | Powers of Attorney – (filed herewith) | |
(17) | Other Exhibits | |
(a) | Form of Proxy Card – (filed herewith) | |
Item 17. | Undertakings |
(1) The undersigned Registrant agrees that prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered through the use of a prospectus which is a part of this Registration Statement by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c) of the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.145c], the reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form for the reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form.
(2) The undersigned Registrant agrees that every prospectus that is filed under paragraph (1) above will be filed as a part of an amendment to the Registration Statement and will not be used until the amendment is effective, and that, in determining any liability under the 1933 Act, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement for the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering of them.
(3) The undersigned Registrant undertakes to file an opinion of counsel supporting the tax matters and consequences to shareholders discussed in the Combined Proxy Statement and Prospectus in a Post-Effective Amendment to this Registration Statement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form N-14 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Irving and the State of Texas on the 1st day of February, 2019.
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS | |||
By: | /s/ Gene L. Needles, Jr. | ||
Gene L. Needles, Jr. | |||
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement on Form N-14 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | |
/s/ Gene L. Needles, Jr. | President (Principal Executive Officer) | February 1, 2019 | |
Gene L. Needles, Jr. | |||
/s/ Melinda G. Heika | Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and | February 1, 2019 | |
Melinda G. Heika | Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
Gilbert G. Alvarado* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Gilbert G. Alvarado | |||
Joseph B. Armes* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Joseph B. Armes | |||
Gerard J. Arpey* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Gerard J. Arpey | |||
Brenda A. Cline* | Chair and Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Brenda A. Cline | |||
Eugene J. Duffy* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Eugene J. Duffy | |||
Alan D. Feld* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Alan D. Feld | |||
Claudia A. Holz* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Claudia A. Holz | |||
Douglas A. Lindgren* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Douglas A. Lindgren | |||
Richard A. Massman* | Chair Emeritus and Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Richard A. Massman | |||
Barbara J. McKenna* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
Barbara J. McKenna | |||
R. Gerald Turner* | Trustee | February 1, 2019 | |
R. Gerald Turner | |||
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*By | /s/ Rosemary K. Behan |
Rosemary K. Behan | |
Attorney-In-Fact |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Type: | Description: |
99.(1)(b) | Form of Certificate of Designation for American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund |
99.(11) | Opinion of Counsel as to the Legality of Shares Being Registered |
99.(13)(d) | Form of Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon SSI Alternative Income Fund |
99.(14) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
99.(16) | Powers of Attorney |
99.(17)(a) | Form of Proxy Card |