W&R TARGET FUNDS, INC.
6300 Lamar Avenue |
P. O. Box 29217 |
Shawnee Mission, Kansas 66201-9217 |
913-236-2000 |
888-WADDELL |
|
May 1, 2006 |
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. Investors should read this SAI in conjunction with the prospectus for W&R Target Funds, Inc. (Fund) dated May 1, 2006 (Prospectus), which may be obtained from the Fund or its underwriter, Waddell & Reed, Inc. (Waddell & Reed), at the address or telephone number shown above.
The Financial Statements, including notes thereto, are incorporated herein by reference. They are contained in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders, dated December 31, 2005, which may also be obtained from the Fund or Waddell & Reed at the address or telephone number above.
TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| |
| Fund History |
| The Fund, Its Investments, Related Risks and Limitations |
| Management of the Fund |
| Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities |
| Investment Advisory and Other Services |
| Portfolio Managers |
| Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices |
| Proxy Voting Policy |
| Capital Stock |
| Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares |
| Taxation of the Portfolios |
| Financial Statements |
| Appendix A |
W&R Target Funds, Inc. (Fund) was organized as a Maryland corporation on December 2, 1986. Prior to August 31, 1998, the Fund was known as TMK/United Funds, Inc.; prior to October 16, 2000, it was known as Target/United Funds, Inc. The Fund has twenty one separate Portfolios (each, a Portfolio, collectively, the Portfolios): Asset Strategy Portfolio, Balanced Portfolio, Bond Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio (prior to October 16, 2000, known as Income Portfolio), Dividend Income Portfolio, Energy Portfolio, Global Natural Resources Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, High Income Portfolio, International Growth Portfolio (prior to December 1, 2004, known as International Portfolio), International Value Portfolio (prior to December 1, 2004, known as International II Portfolio), Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio, Mid Cap Growth Portfolio, Money Market Portfolio, Mortgage Securities Portfolio, Real Estate Securities Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio, Small Cap Growth Portfolio (prior to July 18, 2003, known as Small Cap Portfolio), Small Cap Value Portfolio and Value Portfolio. Each Portfolio has its own goal(s) and investment policies.
THE FUND, ITS INVESTMENTS, RELATED RISKS AND LIMITATIONS
Each Portfolio is a mutual fund, an investment that pools shareholders' money and invests it toward a specified goal. Each Portfolio is a series of the Fund, an open-end, diversified management company. The Fund sells its shares only to the separate accounts of Participating Insurance Companies to fund certain variable life insurance policies and variable annuity contracts (Policies).
This SAI supplements the information contained in the Prospectus and contains more detailed information about the investment strategies and policies the Fund's investment manager, Waddell & Reed Investment Management Company (WRIMCO), or a Portfolio's subadvisor, if applicable, may employ and the types of instruments in which a Portfolio may invest, in pursuit of the Portfolio's goal(s). A summary of the risks associated with instrument types and investment practices is included as well.
WRIMCO or a subadvisor might not buy all of these instruments or use all of these techniques, or use them to the full extent permitted by a Portfolio's investment policies and restrictions. WRIMCO or a subadvisor buys an instrument or uses a technique only if it believes that doing so will help a Portfolio achieve its objective(s).
Asset Strategy Portfolio
Asset Strategy Portfolio allocates its assets among the following classes, or types, of investments:
The stock class includes domestic and foreign equity securities of all types (other than adjustable-rate preferred stocks, which are included in the bond class). WRIMCO seeks to maximize total return within this asset class by actively allocating assets to industry sectors expected to benefit from major trends, and to individual stocks that WRIMCO believes to have superior growth potential and/or value potential. Securities in the stock class may include common stocks, fixed-rate preferred stocks (including convertible preferred stocks), warrants, rights, depositary receipts, securities of investment companies, and other equity securities issued by companies of any size, located anywhere in the world.
The bond class includes all varieties of domestic and foreign fixed-income securities with maturities greater than three years. WRIMCO seeks to maximize total return within the bond class by adjusting the Portfolio's investments in securities with different credit qualities, maturities, and coupon or dividend rates, and by seeking to take advantage of yield differentials between securities. Securities in this class may include bonds, notes, adjustable-rate preferred stocks, convertible bonds, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, domestic and foreign government and government agency securities, zero coupon securities, and other intermediate and long-term securities. The Portfolio may also invest in lower-quality, high-yield debt securities, also known as junk bonds, which are bonds rated BB and below by Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (S&P) and Ba and below by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. (Moody's), or unrated bonds judged by WRIMCO to be of equivalent q uality). The Portfolio may not invest, however, more than 35% of its total assets in junk bonds.
WRIMCO intends to take advantage of yield differentials by considering the purchase or sale of instruments when differentials on spreads between various grades and maturities of such instruments approach extreme levels relative to long-term norms.
The short-term class includes all types of domestic and foreign securities and money market instruments with remaining maturities of three years or less. WRIMCO seeks to maximize total return within the short-term asset class by taking advantage of yield differentials between different instruments, issuers, and currencies. Short-term instruments may include corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper and notes; government securities issued by U.S. or foreign governments or their agencies or instrumentalities; bank deposits and other financial institution obligations; repurchase agreements involving any type of security; and other similar short-term instruments.
Any of the securities in which the Portfolio invests may be denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currency.
In making asset allocation decisions, WRIMCO typically evaluates projections of risk, market conditions, economic conditions, volatility, yields, and returns. As a temporary defensive measure, WRIMCO may invest up to all of Asset Strategy Portfolio's assets in (1) money market instruments rated in one of the two highest rating categories by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO), or unrated securities judged by WRIMCO to be of equivalent quality, or (2) precious metals.
High Income Portfolio
High Income Portfolio may invest in certain high-yield, high-risk, non-investment grade debt securities, or junk bonds. The market for such securities may differ from that for investment grade debt securities. See the discussion below for information about the risks associated with non-investment grade debt securities. See Appendix A to this SAI for a description of bond ratings.
Money Market Portfolio
Money Market Portfolio may invest in the money market obligations and instruments listed below. Pursuant to Rule 2a-7 (Rule 2a-7) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), investments are limited to those that are U.S. dollar denominated and that are rated in one of the two highest rating categories by the requisite NRSRO, as defined in Rule 2a-7, or are comparable unrated securities. See Appendix A to this SAI for a description of some of these ratings. In general, Rule 2a-7 also limits investments in securities of any one issuer (except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities (U.S. government securities)) to no more than 5% of the Portfolio's total assets. Investments in securities rated in the second highest rating category by the requisite NRSRO(s) or comparable unrated securities are limited to no more than 5% of the Portfolio's total assets, with investments in such securities of any one issuer (except U.S. governmen t securities) being limited to the greater of one percent of the Portfolio's total assets or $1,000,000. Under Rule 2a-7, the Portfolio may only invest in securities with a remaining maturity of not more than 397 calendar days, as further described in the Rule.
(1) U.S. Government Securities: See the section entitled U.S. Government Securities.
(2) Bank Obligations and Instruments Secured Thereby: Subject to the limitations described above, time deposits, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and other bank obligations if they are obligations of a bank subject to regulation by the U.S. government (including obligations issued by foreign branches of these banks) or obligations issued by a foreign bank having total assets equal to at least U.S. $500,000,000, and instruments secured by any such obligation. A bank includes commercial banks and savings and loan associations. Time deposits are monies kept on deposit with U.S. banks or other U.S. financial institutions for a stated period of time at a fixed rate of interest. At present, bank time deposits are not considered by the Board of Directors or WRIMCO, to be readily marketable. There may be penalties for the early withdrawal of such time deposits, in which case, the yield of these investments will be reduced.
(3) Commercial Paper Obligations Including Variable Rate Master Demand Notes: Commercial paper rated as described above. A variable rate master demand note represents a purchasing/selling arrangement of short-term promissory notes under a letter agreement between a commercial paper issuer and an institutional investor.
(4) Corporate Debt Obligations: Corporate debt obligations if they are rated as described above. See Appendix A to this SAI for a description of some of these bond ratings.
(5) Canadian Government Obligations: Obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the Government of Canada, a Province of Canada or any agency, instrumentality or political subdivision of that Government or any Province. The Portfolio will not invest in Canadian government obligations if more than 10% of the value of its total assets would then be so invested, subject to the diversification requirements applicable to the Money Market Portfolio. The Portfolio may not invest in Canadian government obligations if they are denominated in Canadian dollars.
(6) Certain Other Obligations: Obligations other than those listed in (1) through (5) (such as municipal obligations) only if any such other obligation is guaranteed as to principal and interest by either a bank or a corporation whose securities the Portfolio is eligible to hold under the Rule.
The value of the obligations and instruments in which the Portfolio invests will fluctuate depending in large part on changes in prevailing interest rates. If these rates go up after the Portfolio buys an obligation or instrument, its value may go down; if these rates go down, its value may go up. Changes in interest rates will be more quickly reflected in the yield of a portfolio of short-term obligations than in the yield of a portfolio of long-term obligations.
Securities - General
The main types of securities in which the Portfolios (other than Money Market Portfolio) may invest include common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and convertible securities. Although common stocks and other equity securities have a history of long-term growth in value, their prices tend to fluctuate in the short term, particularly those of smaller companies. The equity securities in which a Portfolio invests may include preferred stock that converts into common stock. The Portfolios may invest in preferred stock rated in any rating category of the established rating services or, if unrated, judged by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, to be of equivalent quality. In the case of a "split-rated" security, which results when nationally recognized rating agencies rate the security at different rating levels (for example, BBB by S&P and Ba by Moody's), it is the Portfolios' general policy to classify such security at the higher rating level where, in the judgment of WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, such classification reasonably reflects the security's quality and risk. Debt securities have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates and varying degrees of quality. As a general matter, however, when interest rates rise, the values of fixed-rate securities fall and, conversely, when interest rates fall, the values of fixed-rate debt securities rise. Similarly, long-term bonds are generally more sensitive to interest rate changes than short-term bonds.
Subject to its investment restrictions, a Portfolio may invest in debt securities rated in any rating category of the established rating services, including securities rated in the lowest category (securities rated D by S&P and D by Moody's). Debt securities rated D by S&P or D by Moody's are in payment default or are regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing. Debt securities rated at least BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody's are considered to be investment grade debt securities; however, securities rated BBB or Baa may have speculative characteristics. In addition, a Portfolio will treat unrated securities judged by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable to be of equivalent quality to a rated security as having that rating.
Lower quality debt securities, or junk bonds, are considered to be speculative and involve greater risk of default or price changes due to changes in the issuer's creditworthiness. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate more than high-quality securities and may decline significantly in periods of general economic difficulty. The market for lower-rated debt securities may be thinner and less active than that for higher-rated debt securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which the former are sold. Adverse publicity and changing investor perceptions may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated debt securities, especially in a thinly traded market. Valuation becomes more difficult and judgment plays a greater role in valuing lower-rated debt securities than with respect to securities for which more external sources of quotations and last sale information are available. Since the risk of default is higher for lower-rated debt securities, WRIMCO's or a subadvisor's research and credit analysis are an especially important part of managing securities of this type held by a Portfolio. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, continuously monitors the issuers of lower-rated debt securities in each portfolio in an attempt to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments. The Fund may choose, at its expense or in conjunction with others, to pursue litigation or otherwise exercise its rights as a security holder to seek to protect the interests of security holders if it determines this to be in the best interest of the shareholders of the affected Portfolio(s).
While credit ratings are only one factor WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable relies on in evaluating high-yield debt securities, certain risks are associated with credit ratings. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. Credit ratings for individual securities may change from time to time, and a Portfolio may retain a portfolio security whose rating has been changed.
The Portfolios may purchase debt securities whose principal amount at maturity is dependent upon the performance of a specified equity security. The issuer of such debt securities, typically an investment banking firm, is unaffiliated with the issuer of the equity security to whose performance the debt security is linked. Equity-linked debt securities differ from ordinary debt securities in that the principal amount received at maturity is not fixed, but is based on the price of the linked equity security at the time the debt security matures. The performance of equity-linked debt securities depends primarily on the performance of the linked equity security and may also be influenced by interest rate changes. In addition, although the debt securities are typically adjusted for diluting events such as stock splits, stock dividends and certain other events affecting the market value of the linked equity security, the debt securities are not adjusted for subsequent issuances of the linked equity security for cash. Such an issuance could adversely affect the price of the debt security. In addition to the equity risk relating to the linked equity security, such debt securities are also subject to credit risk with regard to the issuer of the debt security. In general, however, such debt securities are less volatile than the equity securities to which they are linked.
The Portfolios may invest in convertible securities. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. Convertible securities generally have higher yields than common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities, are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying stock because they have fixed income characteristics, and provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security's investment value. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the security's offering document. If a convertible security held by a Portfolio is called for redemption, the Portfolio will be required to convert it into the underlying stock, sell it to a third party or permit the issuer to redeem the security. Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies whose stock prices may be volatile. Thus, any of these actions could have an adverse effect on a Portfolio's ability to achieve its investment objectives.
The Portfolios may also invest in a type of convertible preferred stock that pays a cumulative, fixed dividend that is senior to, and expected to be in excess of, the dividends paid on the common stock of the issuer. At the mandatory conversion date, the preferred stock is converted into not more than one share of the issuer's common stock at the call price that was established at the time the preferred stock was issued. If the price per share of the related common stock on the mandatory conversion date is less than the call price, the holder of the preferred stock will nonetheless receive only one share of common stock for each share of preferred stock (plus cash in the amount of any accrued but unpaid dividends). At any time prior to the mandatory conversion date, the issuer may redeem the preferred stock upon issuing to the holder a number of shares of common stock equal to the call price of the preferred stock in effect on the date of redemption divided by the market value of the common stock, with such market value typically determined one or two trading days prior to the date notice of redemption is given. The issuer must also pay the holder of the preferred stock cash in an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid dividends on the preferred stock. This convertible preferred stock is subject to the same market risk as the common stock of the issuer, except to the extent that such risk is mitigated by the higher dividend paid on the preferred stock. The opportunity for equity appreciation afforded by an investment in such convertible preferred stock, however, is limited, because in the event the market value of the issuer's common stock increases to or above the call price of the preferred stock, the issuer may (and would be expected to) call the preferred stock for redemption at the call price. This convertible preferred stock is also subject to credit risk with regard to the ability of the issuer to pay the dividend established upon issuance of the preferred stock. Generally, convertible preferr ed stock is less volatile than the related common stock of the issuer.
Specific Securities and Investment Practices
Bank Deposits
Among the other debt securities in which the Portfolios may invest are deposits in banks (represented by certificates of deposit or other evidence of deposit issued by such banks) of varying maturities. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures the principal of certain such deposits, currently to the extent of $100,000 per bank. Bank deposits are not marketable, and a Portfolio may invest in them only within the limitations on investments in illiquid securities (as disclosed for each Portfolio under Investment Restrictions and Limitations), unless such obligations are payable at principal amount plus accrued interest on demand or within seven days after demand.
Borrowing
Each of the Portfolios, other than Small Cap Growth Portfolio, may borrow money, but only from banks and only for emergency or extraordinary purposes. Small Cap Growth Portfolio may borrow money, only from banks, for emergency or extraordinary purposes and also to purchase securities but only to the extent that the value of its assets, less its liabilities other than borrowings, is equal to at least 300% of all borrowings including the proposed borrowing.
Interest on money borrowed is an expense a Portfolio would not otherwise incur, so that it may have reduced net investment income during periods of outstanding borrowings. As such, its share price may be subject to greater fluctuation until the borrowing is paid off.
Foreign Securities and Currencies
All Portfolios may invest in the securities of foreign issuers, including depositary receipts; however, Money Market Portfolio and Limited-Term Bond Portfolio may only invest in foreign securities which are denominated in U.S. dollars. In general, depositary receipts are securities convertible into and evidencing ownership of securities of foreign corporate issuers, although depositary receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. American depositary receipts (ADRs), in registered form, are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities. International depositary receipts and European depositary receipts, in bearer form, are foreign receipts evidencing a similar arrangement and are designed for use by non-U.S. investors and traders in non-U.S. markets. Global depositary receipts are more recently developed receipts designed to facilitate the trading of foreign issuers by U.S. and non-U.S. investors and traders.
WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, believes that there are investment opportunities as well as risks in investing in foreign securities. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy or each other in such matters as gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Individual foreign companies may also differ favorably or unfavorably from domestic companies in the same industry. Foreign currencies may be stronger or weaker than the U.S. dollar or than each other. Thus, the value of securities denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, and of dividends and interest from such securities, can change significantly when foreign currencies strengthen or weaken relative to the U.S. dollar. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, believes that a Portfolio's ability to invest assets abroad might enable it to take advantage of these differences and strengths where they are favorable.
However, foreign securities and foreign currencies involve additional significant risks, apart from the risks inherent in U.S. investments. Foreign securities markets generally have less trading volume and less liquidity than U.S. markets, and prices on some foreign markets can be highly volatile. Many foreign countries lack uniform accounting and disclosure standards comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, and it may be more difficult to obtain reliable information regarding an issuer's financial conditions and operations. In addition, the costs of foreign investing, including withholding taxes, brokerage commissions and custodial costs, are generally higher than for U.S. investments.
International Value Portfolio usually effects currency exchange transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign exchange market. However, some price spread on currency exchange will be incurred when the Portfolio converts assets from one currency to another. Further, the Portfolio may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations. For example, in order to realize the value of a foreign investment, the Portfolio must convert that value, as denominated in its foreign currency, into U.S. dollars using the applicable currency exchange rate. The exchange rate represents the current price of a U.S. dollar relative to that foreign currency; that is, the amount of such foreign currency required to buy one U.S. dollar. If the Portfolio holds a foreign security which has appreciated in value as measured in the foreign currency, the level of appreciation actually realized by the Portf olio may be reduced or even eliminated if the foreign currency has decreased in value relative to the U.S. dollar subsequent to the date of purchase. In such a circumstance, the cost of a U.S. dollar purchased with that foreign currency has gone up and the same amount of foreign currency purchases fewer dollars than at an earlier date.
Foreign markets may offer less protection to investors than U.S. markets. Foreign issuers, brokers and securities markets may be subject to less government supervision. Foreign security trading practices, including those involving the release of assets in advance of payment, may involve increased risks in the event of a failed trade or the insolvency of a broker-dealer, and may involve substantial delays. It may also be difficult to enforce legal rights in foreign countries.
Investing abroad also involves different political and economic risks. Foreign investments may be affected by actions of foreign governments adverse to the interests of U.S. investors, including the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on U.S. investment or on the ability to repatriate assets or convert currency into U.S. dollars, or other government intervention. There may be greater possibility of default by foreign governments or government-sponsored enterprises. Investments in foreign countries also involve a risk of local political, economic, or social instability, military action or unrest, or adverse diplomatic developments. There is no assurance that WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, will be able to anticipate these potential events or counter their effects.
Certain foreign securities impose restrictions on transfer within the United States or to U.S. persons. Although securities subject to transfer restrictions may be marketable abroad, they may be less liquid than foreign securities of the same class that are not subject to such restrictions.
Emerging Market Securities. Risks of investing in foreign countries are intensified in developing countries, or emerging markets. A developing country is a nation that, in the opinion of WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, is likely to experience long-term gross domestic product growth above that expected to occur in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Canada. Developing countries may have relatively unstable governments, economies based on only a few industries and securities markets that trade a small number of securities.
WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, considers countries having developing markets to be all countries that are generally considered to be developing or emerging countries by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (more commonly referred to as the World Bank) and the International Finance Corporation, as well as countries that are classified by the United Nations or otherwise regarded by their authorities as developing. Currently, it is generally agreed that the countries not included in this category are Ireland, Spain, New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, France, Canada, Germany, Denmark, the United States, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Japan, Switzerland, Greece, Luxembourg, Portugal and South Korea. In addition, developing market securities means (i) securities of companies the principal securities trading market for which is a developing market country, as defined above, (ii) securities, traded in any market, of companies that derive 50% or more of their total revenue from either goods or services produced in such developing market countries or sales made in such developing market countries or (iii) securities of companies organized under the laws of, and with a principal office in, a developing market country. In particular, International Value Portfolio may invest in securities issued by governments, governmental agencies and companies located in developing market countries. International Value Portfolio will at all times, except during temporary defensive periods, maintain investments in at least three countries having developing markets.
Some of the risks to which a Portfolio may be exposed by investing in securities of emerging markets are: restrictions placed by the government of a developing country related to investment, exchange controls, and repatriation of the proceeds of investment in that country; fluctuation of a developing country's currency against the U.S. dollar; unusual price volatility in a developing country's securities markets; government involvement in the private sector, including government ownership of companies in which the Portfolio may invest; limited information about a developing market; high levels of tax levied by developing countries on dividends, interest and capital gains; the greater likelihood that developing markets will experience more volatility in inflation rates than developed markets; the greater potential that securities purchased by the Portfolio in developing markets may be fraudulent or counterfeit due to differences in the level of regulation, disclosure requirements and recordkeeping practi ces in those markets; risks related to the liquidity and transferability of investments in certain instruments, such as loan participations, that may not be considered "securities" under local law; settlement risks, including potential requirements for the Portfolio to render payment prior to taking possession of portfolio securities in which it invests; the possibility of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation; favorable or unfavorable differences between individual foreign economies and the U.S. economy, such as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources, self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position; additional costs associated with any investment in non-U.S. securities, including higher custodial fees than typical U.S. custodial arrangements, transaction costs of foreign currency conversions and generally higher commission rates on portfolio transactions than prevail in U.S. markets; greater social, economic and political instability, inclu ding the risk of war; lack of availability of currency hedging or other risk management techniques in certain developing countries; the fact that companies in developing countries may be newly organized and may be smaller and less seasoned; differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards; the heightened risks associated specifically with establishing record ownership and custody of Russian and other Eastern European securities; and limitations on obtaining and enforcing judgments against non-U.S. residents.
Each of the Portfolios (other than Money Market Portfolio and Limited-Term Bond Portfolio) may also purchase and sell foreign currency and invest in foreign currency deposits. Currency conversion involves dealer spreads and other costs, although commissions are not usually charged. See Options, Futures and Other Strategies -- Forward Currency Contracts.
As a general rule, the country assigned to a security is the issuer's country of domicile, as reflected by a third party source (e.g., Bloomberg). However, pursuant to procedures adopted by WRIMCO, WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, may request a different country designation due to certain identified circumstances, including: (i) the country in which the security is principally traded (determined based on a percentage of the total volume traded); or (ii) the country from which the issuer, during the issuer's most recent fiscal year, derived at least 50% of its revenues or profits (from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed) or that have at least 50% of their assets in that country or region. The request to change a security's country designation must be delivered to the Funds' Treasurer and to the Funds' Chief Compliance Officer for approval.
Investments in obligations of domestic branches of foreign banks will not be considered to be foreign securities if WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, has determined that the nature and extent of federal and state regulation and supervision of the branch in question is substantially equivalent to federal or state chartered domestic banks doing business in the same jurisdiction.
Illiquid Investments
Illiquid investments are investments that cannot be sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued. Investments currently considered to be illiquid include:
| (1) | repurchase agreements not terminable within seven days; |
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| (2) | restricted securities not determined to be liquid pursuant to guidelines established by or under the direction of the Funds' Board of Directors; |
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| (3) | non-government stripped fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities; |
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| (4) | bank deposits, unless they are payable at principal amount plus accrued interest on demand or within seven days after demand; |
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| (5) | over-the-counter (OTC) options (options not traded on an exchange) and their underlying collateral, unless the Board of Directors or its delegate determines that the options are liquid after review of all the relevant facts and circumstances; |
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| (6) | securities for which market quotations are not readily available; |
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| (7) | securities involved in swaps, caps, floor and collar transactions; and |
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| (8) | direct debt instruments. |
The assets used as cover for OTC options written by a Portfolio will be considered illiquid unless the OTC options are sold to qualified dealers who agree that the Portfolio may repurchase any OTC option it writes at a maximum price to be calculated by a formula set forth in the option agreement. The cover for an OTC option written subject to this procedure would be considered illiquid only to the extent that the maximum repurchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
If through a change in values, net assets, or other circumstances, a Portfolio were in a position where more than 15% (10% for Money Market Portfolio) of its net assets were invested in illiquid securities, it would seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.
WRIMCO believes that is it in the best interest of a fund to be able to invest in illiquid securities up to the maximum allowable. WRIMCO believes that the risk of investing in illiquid securities is manageable, especially when offset by the availability of certain traditional securities that are considered illiquid, as well as increased opportunities offered by a variety of new security types that have been developed in the last decade. For example, there has been significant growth in the types and availability of structured products, including: asset backed securities (which also includes many mortgage-backed securities), collateralized bond obligations, collateralized mortgage obligations, collateralized debt obligations and commercial mortgage-backed securities. Since many of these securities are initially offered as individual issues, they are often deemed illiquid. See Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities for more information on these types of securities.
Credit derivatives, such as credit default swaps, have also growth in both popularity and availability over the past few years. See "Swaps, Caps, Collars and Floors" in the section entitled Options, Futures and Other Strategies for more information about credit default swaps.
As well, it has become easier for institutional investors to create their own products. For example, if WRIMCO desired Korean exposure for a fund, instead of following extremely difficult procedures for direct investment, WRIMCO could, instead, a specialized over-the-counter bond (probably a total return swap) with an investment banker which would pay the same as the return on the Korean bond market without having to physically invest in the Korean market.
Income Trusts
The Energy Portfolio may invest in income trusts, typically Canadian Royalty Trusts. An income trust generally is a Canadian investment trust that holds assets, typically in the oil or gas industry, that are income producing, the income from which is passed on to its security holders. The main attraction of an income trust is its ability to generate constant cash flows. Income trusts have the potential to deliver higher yields than bonds. During period of low interest rates, income trusts may achieve higher yields compared with cash investments. During periods of increasing rates, the opposite may be true. Income trusts may experience losses during periods of both low and high interest rates.
Income trusts are structured to avoid taxes at the entity level. In a traditional corporate tax structure, net income is taxed at the corporate level and again as dividends in the hands of the investor. An income trust generally pays no Canadian tax on earnings distributed directly to the security holders and, if properly structured, should not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax. This flow-through structure means that the distributions to income trust investors are generally higher than dividends from an equivalent corporate entity.
Despite the potential for attractive regular payments, income trusts are equity investments, not fixed income securities, and they share many of the risks inherent in stock ownership. In addition, an income trust may lack diversification, as such trusts are primarily invested in real estate, oil and gas, pipelines, and other infrastructure; potential growth may be sacrificed because revenue is passed on to security holders, rather than reinvested in the business. Income trusts do not guarantee minimum distributions or even return of capital; therefore, if the business starts to lose money, the trust can reduce or even eliminate distributions. The tax structure of income trusts described above, which would allow income to flow through to investors and be taxed only at the investor level, could be challenged under existing laws, or the tax laws could change.
Indexed Securities
Each Portfolio may purchase indexed securities subject to each Portfolio's operating policy regarding derivative instruments and subject, in the case of Money Market Portfolio only, to the requirements of Rule 2a-7. Indexed securities are securities the value of which varies in relation to the value of other securities, securities indexes, currencies, precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators,. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or whose coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic. The performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of the security, currency or other instrument to which they are indexed and may also be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. At the same time, indexed securities are subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security and their values may decline substantially if the issuer's creditworthiness deteriorates. Indexed securities may be more volatile than the underlying investments. Gold-indexed securities, for example, typically provide for a maturity value that depends on the price of gold, resulting in a security whose price tends to rise and fall together with gold prices. Currency-indexed securities typically are short-term to intermediate-term debt securities whose maturity values or interest rates are determined by reference to the values of one or more specified foreign currencies, and may offer higher yields than U.S. dollar-denominated securities of equivalent issuers. Currency-indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed; that is, their maturity value may increase when the specified currency value increases, resulting in a security that performs similarly to a foreign-denominated instrument, or their maturity value may decline when foreign currencies increase, resulting in a security whose price characteristics are similar to a put on the underlyi ng currency. Currency-indexed securities may also have prices that depend on the values of a number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.
Recent issuers of indexed securities have included banks, corporations, and certain U.S. government agencies. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, will use its judgment in determining whether indexed securities should be treated as short-term instruments, bonds, stocks, or as a separate asset class for purposes of Asset Strategy Portfolio's investment allocations, depending on the individual characteristics of the securities. Certain indexed securities that are not traded on an established market may be deemed illiquid.
Investment Company Securities
Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio) may purchase shares of another investment company subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act. As a shareholder in an investment company, a Portfolio would bear its pro rata share of that investment company's expenses, which could result in duplication of certain fees, including management and administrative fees.
Closed-End Investment Companies. Some countries, such as South Korea, Chile and India, have authorized the formation of closed-end investment companies to facilitate indirect foreign investment in their capital markets. In accordance with the 1940 Act, each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio) may invest in securities of closed-end investment companies. This restriction on investments in securities of closed-end investment companies may limit opportunities for some of the Portfolios, including International Value Portfolio, to invest indirectly in certain developing markets. Shares of certain closed-end investment companies may at times be acquired only at market prices representing premiums to their net asset values.
Exchange Traded Funds. Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio) may invest in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) as a means of tracking the performance of a designated stock index while maintaining liquidity. For example, a Portfolio may invest in S&P 500 Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), which track the S&P 500 Index; S&P MidCap 400 Depositary Receipts (MidCap SPDRs), which track the S&P MidCap 400 Index; and "Dow Industrial Diamonds," which track the Dow Jones Industrial Average, or in other ETFs which track indexes, provided that such investments are consistent with a Portfolio's investment objective as determined by WRIMCO the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable. Each of these securities represents shares of ownership of a long-term unit investment trust that holds a portionate amount of shares of all of the issuers included in the relevant underlying index. Since most ETFs are a type of investment company, the Portfolios' purchases of ETF shares are subject to the n on-fundamental investment restrictions regarding investments in other investment companies.
ETFs carry a price which equals a specified fraction of the value of the designated index and are exchange traded. As with other equity transactions, brokers charge a commission in connection with the purchase of ETFs. In addition, an asset management fee is charged in connection with the underlying unit investment trust (which is in addition to the asset management fee paid by a Portfolio).
Trading costs for ETFs are somewhat higher than those for stock index futures contracts, but, because ETFs trade like other exchange-listed equities, they represent a quick and convenient method of maximizing the use of a Portfolio's assets to track the return of a particular stock index.
Investments in an ETF generally present the same primary risks as investments in a conventional fund, which are not exchange traded. The price of an ETF can fluctuate, and a Portfolio could lose money investing in an ETF. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (i) the market price of the ETFs shares may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; or (iii) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted if the listing exchange's officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are delisted from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide "circuit breakers" (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally.
Lending Securities
Securities loans may be made on a short-term or long-term basis for the purpose of increasing a Portfolio's income. If a Portfolio lends securities, the borrower pays the Portfolio an amount equal to the dividends or interest on the securities that the Portfolio would have received if it had not lent the securities. The Portfolio also receives additional compensation. Under a Portfolio's current securities lending procedures, the Portfolio may lend securities only to broker-dealers and financial institutions deemed creditworthy by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable.
Any securities loans that a Portfolio makes must be collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements (Guidelines). At the time of each loan, a Portfolio must receive collateral equal to no less than 100% of the market value of the securities loaned. Under the present Guidelines, the collateral must consist of cash or U.S. government securities or bank letters of credit, at least equal in value to the market value of the securities lent on each day that the loan is outstanding. If the market value of the lent securities exceeds the value of the collateral, the borrower must add more collateral so that it at least equals the market value of the securities lent. If the market value of the securities decreases, the borrower is entitled to return of the excess collateral.
There are two methods of receiving compensation for making loans. The first is to receive a negotiated loan fee from the borrower. This method is available for all three types of collateral. The second method, which is not available when letters of credit are used as collateral, is for a Portfolio to receive interest on the investment of the cash collateral or to receive interest on the U.S. government securities used as collateral. Part of the interest received in either case may be shared with the borrower.
The letters of credit that a Portfolio may accept as collateral are agreements by banks (other than the borrowers of the Portfolio's securities), entered into at the request of the borrower and for its account and risk, under which the banks are obligated to pay to the Portfolio, while the letter is in effect, amounts demanded by the Portfolio if the demand meets the terms of the letter. The Portfolio's right to make this demand secures the borrower's obligations to it. The terms of any such letters and the creditworthiness of the banks providing them (which might include the Portfolio's custodian bank) must be satisfactory to WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable.
The Portfolios will make loans only under rules of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), which presently require the borrower to give the securities back to the Portfolio within five business days after the Portfolio gives notice to do so. If a Portfolio loses its voting rights on securities loaned, it will have the securities returned to it in time to vote them if a material event affecting the investment is to be voted on. A Portfolio may pay reasonable finder's, administrative and custodian fees in connection with loans of securities.
Some, but not all, of these rules are necessary to meet requirements of certain laws relating to securities loans. These rules will not be changed unless the change is permitted under these requirements. These requirements do not cover the present rules, which may be changed without shareholder vote, as to: (1) whom securities may be loaned; (2) the investment of cash collateral; or (3) voting rights.
There may be risks of delay in receiving additional collateral from the borrower if the market value of the securities loaned increases, as well as risks of delay in recovering the securities loaned or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Loans and Other Direct Debt Instruments
Direct debt instruments are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (loans and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or services (trade claims or other receivables), or to other parties. Asset Strategy Portfolio may invest in direct debt instruments, subject to its policies regarding the quality of debt securities.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest. Direct debt instruments may not be rated by any NRSRO. If Asset Strategy Portfolio does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Portfolio's share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer the Portfolio more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower's obligation, or that the collateral could be liquidated. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Direct indebtedness of developing co untries also involves a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable, or unwilling, to pay interest and principal when due.
Investments in loans through direct assignment of a financial institution's interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks to the Portfolio. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, the Portfolio could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. Direct debt instruments may also involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other intermediary. Direct debt instruments that are not in the form of securities may offer less legal protection to the Portfolio in the event of fraud or misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, the Portfolio relies on research by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, in an attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Portfolio.
A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, the Portfolio has direct recourse against the borrower, it may have to rely on the agent to apply appropriate credit remedies against a borrower. If assets held by the agent for the benefit of the Portfolio were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent's general creditors, the Portfolio might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on the loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal or interest.
Investments in direct debt instruments may entail less legal protection for the Portfolio. Direct indebtedness purchased by the Portfolio may include letters of credit, revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments obligating the Portfolio to pay additional cash on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Portfolio to increase its investment in a borrower at a time when it would not otherwise have done so, even if the borrower's condition makes it unlikely that the amount will ever be repaid. The Portfolio will set aside appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account to cover its potential obligations under standby financing commitments.
For purposes of the limitations on the amount of total assets that Asset Strategy Portfolio will invest in any one issuer or in issuers within the same industry, the Portfolio generally will treat the borrower as the issuer of indebtedness held by the Portfolio. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as financial intermediary between the Portfolio and the borrower, if the participation does not shift to the Portfolio the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the borrower, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) interpretations require the Portfolio, in appropriate circumstances, to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as issuers for these purposes. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict the Portfolio's ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent man y different companies and industries.
Master Limited Partnerships
A master limited partnership (MLP) is a limited partnership that is publicly traded. The majority of MLPs operate in oil & gas related businesses including energy processing and distribution. MLPs are pass-through entities or businesses that are taxed at the security holder level and generally are not subject to federal or state income tax at the partnership level. Annual income, gains, losses, deductions or credits of the MLP pass through directly to its security holders.
As a result of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, net income from an interest in a "qualified publicly traded partnership" (QPTP) is qualifying income for a regulated investment company (RIC). A QPTP is defined as a publicly traded partnership, which is generally, a partnership the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof). Please see the section entitled Taxation of the Portfolios for additional information regarding the tax consequences of investing in QPTPs and the potential regulatory consequences if a Portfolio invests in a MLP that is not a QPTP.
Money Market Instruments
Money market instruments are high-quality, short-term debt instruments that generally present minimal credit risk. They may include U.S. government securities, commercial paper and other short-term corporate obligations, certificates of deposit and other financial institution obligations. These instruments may carry fixed or variable interest rates.
Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities
Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property and include single- and multi-class pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. Multi-class pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are collectively referred to in this SAI as CMOs. Some CMOs are directly supported by other CMOs, which in turn are supported by mortgage pools. Investors typically receive payments out of the interest and principal on the underlying mortgages. The portions of the payments that investors receive, as well as the priority of their rights to receive payments, are determined by the specific terms of the CMO class.
The U.S. government mortgage-backed securities in which the Portfolios may invest include mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest (but not as to market value) by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). Other mortgage-backed securities are issued by private issuers, generally originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers and special purpose entities. Payments of principal and interest (but not the market value) of such private mortgage-backed securities may be supported by pools of mortgage loans or other mortgage-backed securities that are guaranteed, directly or indirectly, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, or they may be issued without any government guarantee of the underlying mortgage assets but with s ome form of non-government credit enhancement. These credit enhancements do not protect investors from changes in market value.
The Portfolios may purchase mortgage-backed securities issued by both government and non-government entities such as banks, mortgage lenders or other financial institutions. Other types of mortgage-backed securities will likely be developed in the future, and a Portfolio may invest in them if WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, determines that such investments are consistent with the Portfolio's objective(s) and investment policies.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are created when a U.S. government agency or a financial institution separates the interest and principal components of a mortgage-backed security and sells them as individual securities. The holder of the principal-only security (PO) receives the principal payments made by the underlying mortgage-backed security, while the holder of the interest-only security (IO) receives interest payments from the same underlying security.
For example, IO classes are entitled to receive all or a portion of the interest, but none (or only a nominal amount) of the principal payments, from the underlying mortgage assets. If the mortgage assets underlying an IO experience greater than anticipated principal prepayments, then the total amount of interest allocable to the IO class, and therefore the yield to investors, generally will be reduced. In some instances, an investor in an IO may fail to recoup all of the investor's initial investment, even if the security is guaranteed by the U.S. government or considered to be of the highest quality. Conversely, PO classes are entitled to receive all or a portion of the principal payments, but none of the interest, from the underlying mortgage assets. PO classes are purchased at substantial discounts from par, and the yield to investors will be reduced if principal payments are slower than expected. IOs, POs and other CMOs involve special risks, and evaluating them requires special knowledge.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities have structural characteristics similar to mortgage-backed securities, as discussed above. However, the underlying assets are not first lien mortgage loans or interests therein, but include assets such as motor vehicle installment sales contracts, other installment sale contracts, home equity loans, leases of various types of real and personal property and receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements. Such assets are securitized through the use of trusts or special purpose corporations. Payments or distributions of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to a certain amount and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pool insurance policy issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the issuer, or other credit enhancements may be present. The value of asset-backed securities may also depend on the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the originator of the loans or the financial institut ion providing the credit enhancement.
Special Characteristics of Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities. The yield characteristics of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities differ from those of traditional debt securities. Among the major differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently, usually monthly, and that principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying mortgage loans or other obligations generally may be prepaid at any time. Prepayments on a pool of mortgage loans are influenced by a variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors, including changes in mortgagors' housing needs, job transfers, unemployment, mortgagors' net equity in the mortgaged properties and servicing decisions. Generally, however, prepayments on fixed-rate mortgage loans will increase during a period of falling interest rates and decrease during a period of rising interest rates. Similar factors apply to prepayments on asset-backed securities, but the receivables underlying asset-backed secur ities generally are of a shorter maturity and thus are likely to experience substantial prepayments. Such securities, however, often provide that for a specified time period the issuers will replace receivables in the pool that are repaid with comparable obligations. If the issuer is unable to do so, repayment of principal on the asset-backed securities may commence at an earlier date.
The rate of interest on mortgage-backed securities is lower than the interest rates paid on the mortgages included in the underlying pool due to the annual fees paid to the servicer of the mortgage pool for passing through monthly payments to certificate holders and to any guarantor, and due to any yield retained by the issuer. Actual yield to the holder may vary from the coupon rate, even if adjustable, if the mortgage-backed securities are purchased or traded in the secondary market at a premium or discount. In addition, there is normally some delay between the time the issuer receives mortgage payments from the servicer and the time the issuer makes the payments on the mortgage-backed securities, and this delay reduces the effective yield to the holder of such securities.
Yields on pass-through securities are typically quoted by investment dealers and vendors based on the maturity of the underlying instruments and the associated average life assumption. The average life of pass-through pools varies with the maturities of the underlying mortgage loans. A pool's term may be shortened by unscheduled or early payments of principal on the underlying mortgages. Because prepayment rates of individual pools vary widely, it is not possible to predict accurately the average life of a particular pool. In the past, a common industry practice has been to assume that prepayments on pools of fixed rate 30-year mortgages would result in a 12-year average life for the pool. At present, mortgage pools, particularly those with loans with other maturities or different characteristics, are priced on an assumption of average life determined for each pool. In periods of declining interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the actual average life of a pool of mortgage-related securities. Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the actual average life of the pool. Changes in the rate or speed of these payments can cause the value of the mortgage-backed securities to fluctuate rapidly. However, these effects may not be present, or may differ in degree, if the mortgage loans in the pools have adjustable interest rates or other special payment terms, such as a prepayment charge. Actual prepayment experience may cause the yield of mortgage-backed securities to differ from the assumed average life yield.
The market for privately issued mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities is smaller and less liquid than the market for U.S. government mortgage-backed securities. CMO classes may be specifically structured in a manner that provides any of a wide variety of investment characteristics, such as yield, effective maturity and interest rate sensitivity. As market conditions change, however, and especially during periods of rapid or unanticipated changes in market interest rates, the attractiveness of some CMO classes and the ability of the structure to provide the anticipated investment characteristics may be reduced. These changes can result in volatility in the market value, and in some instances reduced liquidity, of the CMO class.
Direct Investments In Mortgages - Whole Loans. Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio may each invest up to 10% of the value of its net assets directly in mortgages securing residential or commercial real estate (i.e., the Portfolio becomes the mortgagee). Such investments are not "mortgage-related securities" as described above. They are normally available from lending institutions which group together a number of mortgages for resale (usually from 10 to 50 mortgages) and which act as servicing agent for the purchaser with respect to, among other things, the receipt of principal and interest payments. (Such investments are also referred to as "whole loans".) The vendor of such mortgages receives a fee from a Portfolio for acting as servicing agent. The vendor does not provide any insurance or guarantees covering the repayment of principal or interest on the mortgages. Unlike pass-through securities, whole loans constitute direct investment in mortga ges inasmuch as a Portfolio, rather than a financial intermediary, becomes the mortgagee with respect to such loans purchased by the Portfolio. At present, such investments are considered to be illiquid by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as the case may be. The Portfolio will invest in such mortgages only if WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, has determined through an examination of the mortgage loans and their originators (which may include an examination of such factors as percentage of family income dedicated to loan service and the relationship between loan value and market value) that the purchase of the mortgages should not represent a significant risk of loss to the Portfolio.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls
In connection with its ability to purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, each of Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio may enter into mortgage "dollar rolls" in which the Portfolio sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts with the same counterparty to repurchase similar (same type, coupon and maturity) but not identical securities on a specified future date. In a mortgage dollar roll, a Portfolio gives up the right to receive principal and interest paid on the securities sold. However, a Portfolio would benefit to the extent of any difference between the price received for the securities sold and the lower forward price for the future purchase plus any fee income received. Unless such benefits exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss due to mortgage prepayments that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the mortgage dollar roll, the use of this technique will dimini sh the investment performance of a Portfolio compared with what such performance would have been without the use of mortgage dollar rolls. A Portfolio will hold and maintain in a segregated account until the settlement date cash or liquid securities in an amount equal to the forward purchase price. The benefits derived from the use of mortgage dollar rolls may depend upon the ability of WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, to predict correctly mortgage prepayments and interest rates. There is no assurance that mortgage dollar rolls can be successfully employed. In addition, the use of mortgage dollar rolls by a Portfolio while remaining substantially fully invested increases the amount of the Portfolio's assets that are subject to market risk to an amount that is greater than the Portfolio's net asset value, which could result in increased volatility of the price of the Portfolio's shares.
Municipal Obligations
Municipal obligations are issued by a wide range of state and local governments, agencies and authorities for various purposes. The two main kinds of municipal bonds are general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. In general obligation bonds, the issuer has pledged its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest on the bond. Revenue bonds are payable only from specific sources; these may include revenues from a particular facility or class of facilities or special tax or other revenue source. Private activity bonds are revenue bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to finance privately operated facilities. Their credit quality is generally dependent on the credit standing of the company involved.
Natural Resources and Physical Commodities
Since Energy Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets, and Global Natural Resources Portfolio normally invests a substantial portion of its assets, in securities of companies engaged in natural resources activities, these Portfolios may be subject to greater risks and market fluctuations than funds with more diversified portfolios. The value of a Portfolio's securities will fluctuate in response to market conditions generally, and will be particularly sensitive to the markets for those natural resources in which a particular issuer is involved. The values of natural resources may also fluctuate directly with respect to real and perceived inflationary trends and various political developments. In selecting a Portfolio's investments, WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, will consider each company's ability to create new products, secure any necessary regulatory approvals, and generate sufficient customer demand. A company's failure to perform well in any one of these areas, however, coul d cause its stock to decline sharply.
Natural resource industries throughout the world may be subject to greater political, environmental and other governmental regulation than many other industries. Changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approvals may have an adverse effect on the products and services of natural resources companies. For example, the exploration, development and distribution of coal, oil and gas in the U.S. are subject to significant Federal and state regulation, which may affect rates of return on such investments and the kinds of services that may be offered to companies in those industries. In addition, many natural resource companies have been subject to significant costs associated with compliance with environmental and other safety regulations. Such regulations may also hamper the development of new technologies. The direction, type or effect of any future regulations affecting natural resource industries are virtually impossible to predict.
Generally, energy commodities, such as coal, natural gas and crude oil, have distinctly higher volatility than other types of commodities, due in part to real time pricing and cross-commodity arbitrage described below. In purchasing related securities, WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, considers the integration of derivatives and physical trades for risk management in a real-time environment in order to meet the demands of the marketplace. As well, scheduling receipts, deliveries and transmission of a commodity can all impact investments in commodities.
Energy commodities have unique market risks and physical properties which can affect the available supply. Factors unique to energy commodities include: research and development, location, recovery costs, transportation costs, conversion costs, and storage costs, as well as global demand and other events that can affect demand such as war, weather and alternative energy sources. Natural gas and crude oil are especially susceptible to changes in supply and global demand.
As well, an investor in commodities must be able to manage cross-commodity arbitrage, i.e., the ability to determine positions stated in equivalent units of measure (Btu units). When assessing an investment opportunity -- in coal, natural gas or crude oil-- this calculation can be critical in determining the success an investor has when calculating how a trade breaks down into a single common denominator. Coal tolling, for instance, involves the conversion of coal to electricity for a fee. The tolling of coal gives marketers, suppliers and generators another arbitrage opportunity if there is a disparity between coal and electricity prices while providing some added liquidity between the two commodities.
Principal risks of investing in certain types of commodities include:
- Cross-commodity arbitrage can negatively impact a Portfolio's investments;
- Fluctuations in demand can negatively impact individual commodities: alternative sources of energy can create unforeseen competition; changes in weather can negatively affect demand; and global production can alter demand and the need for specific sources of energy;
- Fluctuations in supply can negatively impact individual commodities: transportation costs, research and development, location, recovery/retrieval costs, conversion costs, storage costs and natural disasters can all adversely impact different investments and types of energy;
- Environmental restrictions can increase costs of production;
- Restrictions placed by the government of a developing country related to investment, exchange controls, and repatriation of the proceeds of investment in that country;
- War can limit production or access to available supplies and/or resources.
Investments in precious metals (such as gold) and other physical commodities are considered speculative and subject to special risk considerations, including substantial price fluctuations over short periods of time. On the other hand, investments in precious metals coins or bullion could help to moderate fluctuations in the value of a Portfolio's holdings, since the prices of precious metals have at times tended not to fluctuate as widely as shares of issuers engaged in the mining of precious metals. Because precious metals and other commodities do not generate investment income, however, the return on such investments will be derived solely from the appreciation and depreciation on such investments. A Portfolio may also incur storage and other costs relating to its investments in precious metals and other commodities, which may, under certain circumstances, exceed custodial and brokerage costs associated with investments in other types of securities. When a Portfolio purchases a precious metal or other physical commodity, WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, currently intends that it will only be in a form that is readily marketable. Under current Federal tax law, a Portfolio may not earn more than 10% of its yearly gross income from gains resulting from selling precious metals or any other physical commodity (or options on futures thereon unless the gain is realized from certain hedging transactions). See Taxation of the Portfolios. Accordingly, a Portfolio may be required to hold its precious metals or sell them at a loss, or to sell its securities at a gain, when for investment reasons it would not otherwise do so.
The ability of Asset Strategy Portfolio, for defensive purposes, to purchase and hold precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum may allow it to benefit from a potential increase in the price of precious metals or stability in the price of such metals at a time when the value of securities may be declining. For example, during periods of declining stock prices, the price of gold may increase or remain stable, while the value of the stock market may be subject to a general decline.
Precious metal prices are affected by various factors, such as economic conditions, political events and monetary policies. As a result, the price of gold, silver or platinum may fluctuate widely. The sole source of return to Asset Strategy Portfolio from such investments will be gains realized on sales; a negative return will be realized if the metal is sold at a loss. Investments in precious metals do not provide a yield.
Options, Futures and Other Strategies
General. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, may use certain options, futures contracts (sometimes referred to as futures), options on futures contracts, forward currency contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, indexed securities and other derivative instruments (collectively, Financial Instruments) to attempt to enhance income or yield or to attempt to hedge a Portfolio's investments. The strategies described below may be used in an attempt to manage the risks of a Portfolio's investments that can affect fluctuation in its net asset value (NAV).
Generally, a Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio) may purchase and sell any type of Financial Instrument. However, as an operating policy, a Portfolio will only purchase or sell a particular Financial Instrument if the Portfolio is authorized to invest in the type of asset by which the return on, or value of, the Financial Instrument is primarily measured. Since each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio and Limited-Term Bond Portfolio) is authorized to invest in foreign securities denominated in other currencies, each such Portfolio may purchase and sell foreign currency derivatives.
Hedging strategies can be broadly categorized as short hedges and long hedges. A short hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential declines in the value of one or more investments held in a Portfolio's portfolio. Thus, in a short hedge, the Portfolio takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the opposite direction of the price of the investment being hedged.
Conversely, a long hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential increases in the acquisition cost of one or more investments that a Portfolio intends to acquire. Thus, in a long hedge, the Portfolio takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the same direction as the price of the prospective investment being hedged. A long hedge is sometimes referred to as an anticipatory hedge. In an anticipatory hedge transaction, the Portfolio does not own a corresponding security and, therefore, the transaction does not relate to a security the Portfolio owns. Rather, it relates to a security that the Portfolio intends to acquire. If the Portfolio does not complete the hedge by purchasing the security it anticipated purchasing, the effect on the Portfolio's holdings is the same as if the transaction were entered into for speculative purposes.
Financial Instruments on securities generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in one or more particular securities positions that a Portfolio owns or intends to acquire. Financial Instruments on indexes, in contrast, generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in market sectors in which a Portfolio has invested or expects to invest. Financial Instruments on debt securities may be used to hedge either individual securities or broad debt market sectors.
The use of Financial Instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the SEC, the several exchanges upon which they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations thereunder and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under such Act. In addition, a Portfolio's ability to use Financial Instruments is limited by tax considerations. See Taxation of the Fund.
In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below, WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, expects to discover additional opportunities in connection with Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as new techniques are developed, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, may utilize these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with a Portfolio's objective(s) and permitted by a Portfolio's investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. A Portfolio might not use any of these strategies, and there can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. The Prospectus or this SAI will be supplemented to the extent that new products or techniques involve materially different risks than those described below or in the Prospectus.
Special Risks. The use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are described below. In general, these techniques may increase the volatility of a Portfolio and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed. Risks pertaining to particular Financial Instruments are described in the sections that follow:
(1) Successful use of most Financial Instruments depends upon the ability of WRIMCO's or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, to predict movements of the overall securities, currency and interest rate markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy will succeed, and use of Financial Instruments could result in a loss, regardless of whether the intent was to reduce risk or increase return.
(2) There might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of a Financial Instrument and price movements of the investments being hedged. For example, if the value of a Financial Instrument used in a short hedge increased by less than the decline in value of the hedged investment, the hedge would not be fully successful. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculation or other pressures on the markets in which Financial Instruments are traded. The effectiveness of hedges using Financial Instruments on indexes will depend on the degree of correlation between price movements in the index and price movements in the securities being hedged.
Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded options and futures contracts, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match a Portfolio's current or anticipated investments exactly. A Portfolio may invest in options and futures contracts based on securities with different issuers, maturities, or other characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests, which involves a risk that the options or futures position will not track the performance of the Portfolio's other investments.
Options and futures prices can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match a Portfolio's investments well. Options and futures prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how options and futures and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. A Portfolio may purchase or sell options and futures contracts with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or intends to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successfu l in all cases. If price changes in a Portfolio's options or futures positions are poorly correlated with its other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.
(3) If successful, the above-discussed strategies can reduce risk of loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements. However, such strategies can also reduce opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. For example, if a Portfolio entered into a short hedge because WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, projected a decline in the price of a security in the Portfolio's holdings, and the price of that security increased instead, the gain from that increase might be wholly or partially offset by a decline in the price of the Financial Instrument. Moreover, if the price of the Financial Instrument declined by more than the increase in the price of the security, the Portfolio could suffer a loss. In either such case, the Portfolio would have been in a better position had it not attempted to hedge at all.
(4) As described below, a Portfolio might be required to maintain assets as cover, maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (i.e., Financial Instruments other than purchased options). If the Portfolio were unable to close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair the Portfolio's ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the Portfolio sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time.
(5) A Portfolio's ability to close out a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (counterparty) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the Portfolio.
Cover. Transactions using Financial Instruments, other than purchased options, expose a Portfolio to an obligation to another party. Each Portfolio will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid assets in an account with its custodian in the prescribed amount as determined daily. A Portfolio will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (covered) position in securities, currencies or other options, futures contracts or forward contracts, or (2) cash and liquid assets with a value, marked-to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above.
Assets used as cover or held in an account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding Financial Instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a Portfolio's assets to cover or to segregated accounts could impede portfolio management or the Portfolio's ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Options. A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. Purchasers of options pay an amount, known as a premium, to the option writer in exchange for the right under the option contract.
The purchase of call options can serve as a long hedge, and the purchase of put options can serve as a short hedge. Writing put or call options can enable a Portfolio to enhance income or yield by reason of the premiums paid by the purchasers of such options. However, if the market price of the security underlying a put option declines to less than the exercise price of the option, minus the premium received, the Portfolio would expect to suffer a loss.
Writing call options can serve as a limited short hedge, because declines in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of the call option, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and the Portfolio will be obligated to sell the security or currency at less than its market value. If the call option is an OTC option, the securities or other assets used as cover would be considered illiquid to the extent described under Illiquid Investments.
Writing put options can serve as a limited long hedge because increases in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency depreciates to a price lower than the exercise price of the put option, it can be expected that the put option will be exercised and the Portfolio will be obligated to purchase the security or currency at more than its market value. If the put option is an OTC option, the securities or other assets used as cover would be considered illiquid to the extent described under Illiquid Investments.
The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment and general market conditions. Options that expire unexercised have no value.
A Portfolio may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, the Portfolio may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, the Portfolio may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit the Portfolio to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.
A type of put that a Portfolio may purchase is an optional delivery standby commitment, which is entered into by parties selling debt securities to the Portfolio. An optional delivery standby commitment gives the Portfolio the right to sell the security back to the seller on specified terms. This right is provided as an inducement to purchase the security.
Risks of Options on Securities. Options offer large amounts of leverage, which will result in a Portfolio's NAV being more sensitive to changes in the value of the related instrument. Each Portfolio may purchase or write both exchange-traded and OTC options. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a Portfolio and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when a Portfolio purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the Portfolio as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
A Portfolio's ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market, and there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that a Portfolio will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Portfolio might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration.
If a Portfolio were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by a Portfolio could cause material losses because the Portfolio would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.
Options on Indexes. Puts and calls on indexes are similar to puts and calls on securities or futures contracts except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities or futures contracts. When a Portfolio writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the Portfolio an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple (multiplier), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When a Portfolio buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When a Portfolio buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the Portfolio's exercise of the put, to deliver to the Portfolio an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a Portfolio writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the Portfolio to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and the exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.
Risks of Options on Indexes. The risks of investment in options on indexes may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, when a Portfolio writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. A Portfolio can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, the Portfolio cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities held will vary from the value of the index.
Even if a Portfolio could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the timing risk inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, the Portfolio as the call writer will not learn that the Portfolio has been assigned until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security, such as a common stock, because there the writer's obligation is to deliver the underlying security, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by sim ply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds securities that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those securities against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This timing risk is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding securities positions.
If a Portfolio has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, the Portfolio will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.
OTC Options. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on an exchange) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows a Portfolio great flexibility to tailor the option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.
Generally, OTC foreign currency options used by a Portfolio are European-style options. This means that the option is only exercisable immediately prior to its expiration. This is in contrast to American-style options, which are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date of the option.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. The purchase of futures contracts or call options on futures contracts can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures contracts or the purchase of put options on a futures contract can serve as a short hedge. Writing call options on futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge, using a strategy similar to that used for writing call options on securities or indexes. Similarly, writing put options on futures contracts can serve as a limited long hedge. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts can also be purchased and sold to attempt to enhance income or yield.
In addition, futures contract strategies can be used to manage the average duration of a Portfolio's fixed-income portfolio. If WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, wishes to shorten the average duration of a Portfolio's fixed-income portfolio, the Portfolio may sell a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or purchase a put option on that futures contract. If WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, wishes to lengthen the average duration of a Portfolio's fixed-income portfolio, the Portfolio may buy a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or sell a put option thereon.
No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract the Portfolio is required to deposit initial margin in an amount generally equal to 10% or less of the contract value. Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to the Portfolio at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, the Portfolio may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.
Subsequent variation margin payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as marking-to-market. Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of the Portfolio's obligations to or from a futures broker. When a Portfolio purchases an option on a futures contract, the premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. In contrast, when a Portfolio purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If the Portfolio has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.
Purchasers and sellers of futures contracts and options on futures contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions on options, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Positions in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract or options position.
Under certain circumstances, futures contracts exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day's settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If a Portfolio were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Portfolio would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Portfolio would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the futures contract or option or to maintain cash or liquid assets in an account.
Risks of Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets (including the options on futures market), due to differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to the following factors which may create distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of general interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market trends by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, may still not result in a successful transaction. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, may be incorrect in its expectations as to the extent of various interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market movements or the time span within which the movements take place.
Index Futures. The risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of an index futures contract and movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge increases as the composition of a Portfolio's holdings diverges from the securities included in the applicable index. The price of the index futures contract may move more than or less than the price of the securities being hedged. If the price of the index futures contract moves less than the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective but, if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, the Portfolio would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the futures contract. If the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the securities, the Portfolio will experience eithe r a loss or a gain on the futures contract that will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the securities being hedged and movements in the price of the index futures contract, a Portfolio may buy or sell index futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of the securities being hedged is more than the historical volatility of the prices of the securities included in the index. It is also possible that, where a Portfolio has sold index futures contracts to hedge against decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of the securities held in the portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Portfolio would lose money on the futures contract and also experience a decline in value of its portfolio securities. However, while this could occur for a very brief perio d or to a very small degree, over time the value of a diversified portfolio of securities will tend to move in the same direction as the market indexes on which the futures contracts are based.
Where index futures contracts are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities before a Portfolio is able to invest in them in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead. If the Portfolio then concludes not to invest in them at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities it had anticipated purchasing.
To the extent that a Portfolio enters into futures contracts, options on futures contracts or options on foreign currencies traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange, in each case other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish those positions (excluding the amount by which options are in-the-money at the time of purchase) will not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's holdings, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any contracts the Portfolio has entered into. (In general, a call option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the strike, i.e., exercise, price of the call; a put option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract is exceeded by the strike price of the put.) This policy does not limit to 5% the percentage of the Portfolio's total assets that are at risk in futures contra cts, options on futures contracts and currency options.
Foreign Currency Hedging Strategies -- Special Considerations. Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio and Limited-Term Bond Portfolio) may use options and futures contracts on foreign currencies (including the euro), as described above, and forward foreign currency contracts (forward currency contracts), as described below, to attempt to hedge against movements in the values of the foreign currencies in which the Portfolio's securities are denominated or to attempt to enhance income or yield. Currency hedges can protect against price movements in a security that a Portfolio owns or intends to acquire that are attributable to changes in the value of the currency in which it is denominated. Such hedges do not, however, protect against price movements in the securities that are attributable to other causes.
A Portfolio might seek to hedge against changes in the value of a particular currency when no Financial Instruments on that currency are available or such Financial Instruments are more expensive than certain other Financial Instruments. In such cases, the Portfolio may seek to hedge against price movements in that currency by entering into transactions using Financial Instruments on another currency or a basket of currencies, the values of which WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, believes will have a high degree of positive correlation to the value of the currency being hedged. The risk that movements in the price of the Financial Instrument will not correlate perfectly with movements in the price of the currency subject to the hedging transaction is magnified when this strategy is used.
The value of Financial Instruments on foreign currencies depends on the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such Financial Instruments, a Portfolio could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information generally is representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus might not reflect odd-lot transactions where rates might be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, round-the-clock market. To the extent the U.S. options or futures markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements might take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the markets for the Financial Instruments until they reopen.
Settlement of transactions involving foreign currencies might be required to take place within the country issuing the underlying currency. Thus, a Portfolio might be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying foreign currency in accordance with any U.S. or foreign regulations regarding the maintenance of foreign banking arrangements by U.S. residents and might be required to pay any fees, taxes and charges associated with such delivery assessed in the issuing country.
Forward Currency Contracts. Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio and Limited-Term Bond Portfolio) may enter into forward currency contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars or another foreign currency. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (term) from the date of the forward currency contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the forward currency contract. These forward currency contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
Such transactions may serve as long hedges; for example, a Portfolio may purchase a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar price of a security denominated in a foreign currency that the Portfolio intends to acquire. Forward currency contract transactions may also serve as short hedges; for example, a Portfolio may sell a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security or a dividend or interest payment denominated in a foreign currency.
A Portfolio may also use forward currency contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in foreign currency. For example, if the Portfolio owned securities denominated in euros, it could enter into a forward currency contract to sell euros in return for U.S. dollars to hedge against possible declines in the euro's value. Such a hedge, sometimes referred to as a position hedge, would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations, but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. The Portfolio could also hedge the position by selling another currency expected to perform similarly to the euro. This type of hedge, sometimes referred to as a proxy hedge, could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield or efficiency, but generally would not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a simple hedge into U.S. dollars. Proxy hedges may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in whic h the hedged securities are denominated.
A Portfolio also may use forward currency contracts to attempt to enhance income or yield. The Portfolio could use forward currency contracts to increase its exposure to foreign currencies that WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, believes might rise in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or shift its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. For example, if the Portfolio owned securities denominated in a foreign currency and WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, believed that currency would decline relative to another currency, it might enter into a forward currency contract to sell an appropriate amount of the first foreign currency, with payment to be made in the second foreign currency. This is accomplished through contractual agreements to purchase or sell a specified currency at a specified future date and price set at the time of the contract. Forward currency contracts are individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders an d their customers. These forward currency contracts may involve the sale of U.S. dollars and the purchase of a foreign currency, or may be foreign cross-currency contracts involving the sale of one foreign currency and the purchase of another foreign currency; such foreign cross-currency contracts may be considered a hedging rather than a speculative strategy if the Portfolio's commitment to purchase the new (more favorable) currency is limited to the market value of the Portfolio's securities denominated in the old (less favorable) currency. Because these transactions are not entered into for hedging purposes, the Portfolio's custodian bank maintains, in a separate account of the Portfolio, liquid assets, such as cash, short-term securities and other liquid securities (marked to the market daily), having a value equal to, or greater than, any commitments to purchase currency on a forward basis. The prediction of currency movements is extremely difficult and the successful execution of a speculative strategy is highly uncertain.
The cost to a Portfolio of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. When the Portfolio enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
As is the case with futures contracts, purchasers and sellers of forward currency contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Portfolio might be unable to close out a forward currency contract at any time prior to maturity. In either event, the Portfolio would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position, and would continue to be required to maintain a position in securities denominated in the foreign currency or to maintain cash or liqui d assets in an account.
The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of the securities involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the foreign currency, will change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, a Portfolio might need to purchase or sell foreign currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such foreign currencies are not covered by forward currency contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
Normally, consideration of the prospect for currency parities will be incorporated into the longer term investment decisions made with regard to overall diversification strategies. However, WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, believes that it is important to have the flexibility to enter into such forward currency contracts when it determines that the best interests of the Portfolio will be served.
Successful use of forward currency contracts depends on the skill of WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, in analyzing and predicting currency values. Forward currency contracts may substantially change a Portfolio's exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the Portfolio if currencies do not perform as WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, anticipates. There is no assurance that WRIMCO's or a subadvisor's use of forward currency contracts will be advantageous to a Portfolio or that WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, will hedge at an appropriate time.
Combined Positions. A Portfolio may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with futures contracts or forward contracts, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of its overall position. For example, the Portfolio may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and buying a call option at a lower price, in order to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.
Turnover. A Portfolio's options and futures contracts activities may affect its turnover rate and brokerage commission payments. The exercise of calls or puts written by a Portfolio, and the sale or purchase of futures contracts, may cause it to sell or purchase related investments, thus increasing its turnover rate. Once a Portfolio has received an exercise notice on an option it has written, it cannot effect a closing transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver or receive the underlying securities at the exercise price. The exercise of puts purchased by a Portfolio may also cause the sale of related investments, also increasing turnover; although such exercise is within the Portfolio's control, holding a protective put might cause it to sell the related investments for reasons that would not exist in the absence of the put. A Portfolio will pay a brokerage commission each time it buys or sells a put or call or purchases or sells a futures contract. Suc h commissions may be higher than those that would apply to direct purchases or sales.
Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio) may enter into swaps, including caps, floors and collars, for any legal purpose consistent with its investment objective and policies, including to attempt to obtain or preserve a particular return or a spread on a particular investment or portion of its holdings, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Portfolio anticipates purchasing at a later date, to attempt to enhance yield, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration management technique, or to gain exposure to certain markets in the most economical way possible.
A swap agreement is a derivative involving the exchange by a Portfolio with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive payments at specified dates (periodic payment dates) on the basis of a specified amount (notional principal amount). Examples of swap agreements include, but are not limited to, interest rate swaps (including caps, floors and collars), credit default swaps, equity swaps, commodity swaps, foreign currency swaps, index swaps, and total return swaps.
The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor.
Most swap agreements provide that when the periodic payment dates for both parties are the same, payments are netted, and only the net amount is paid to the counterparty entitled to receive the net payment. Consequently, a Portfolio's current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty.
Swap agreements, including caps, floors and collars, can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. For example, fixed rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a different currency; and payments tied to the price of one asset, reference rate, or index may be exchanged for payments tied to the price of another asset, reference rate, or index.
Swap agreements will tend to shift a Portfolio's investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if a Portfolio agrees to exchange payments in U.S. dollars for payments in foreign currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease the Portfolio's exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates. Caps, floors and collars have an effect similar to buying or writing options.
The gross returns to be exchanged or "swapped" between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a "notional amount," i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a "basket" of securities or commodities representing a particular index. A "differential" swap combines both an interest rate and a currency transaction. Other forms of swap agreements include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or "cap"; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or "floor"; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given min imum or maximum levels.
Consistent with a Portfolio's investment objectives and general investment policies, certain of the Portfolios may invest in commodity swap agreements. For example, an investment in a commodity swap agreement may involve the exchange of floating-rate interest payments for the total return on a commodity index. In a total return commodity swap, a Portfolio will receive the price appreciation of a commodity index, a portion of the index, or a single commodity in exchange for paying an agreed-upon fee. If the commodity swap is for one period, a Portfolio may pay a fixed fee, established at the outset of the swap. However, if the term of the commodity swap is more than one period, with interim swap payments, a Portfolio may pay an adjustable or floating fee. With a "floating" rate, the fee may be pegged to a base rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, and is adjusted each period. Therefore, if interest rates increase over the term of the swap contract, a Portfolio may be required to pay a highe r fee at each swap reset date.
A Portfolio may enter into credit default swap agreements. The "buyer" in a credit default contract is obligated to pay the "seller" a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default on an underlying reference obligation has occurred. If an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value, or "par value," of the reference obligation in exchange for the reference obligation. A Portfolio may either be the buyer or seller in a credit default swap transaction. If a Portfolio is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Portfolio will lose its premium paid or the stream of payments over the term of the contract. However, if an event of default occurs, the Portfolio (if the buyer) will receive the full notional value of the reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, a Portfolio receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between six months and five years, and cou ld be longer, provided that there is no default event. If an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation.
The use of swap agreements by a Portfolio entails certain risks, which may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities and other investments that are the referenced asset for the swap agreement. Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, referenced rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions.
Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. In addition, swap transaction may be subject to a Portfolio's limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
Because some swap agreements have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A leveraged swap transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance of a "senior security" by a Portfolio, and such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction or segregates sufficient liquid assets in accordance with the requirements, and subject to the risks, described above under the heading "Borrowing."
Like most other investments, swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a Portfolio's interest. A Portfolio bears the risk that WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing swap positions for the fund. If WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, attempts to use a swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a fund investment, the Portfolio will be exposed to the risk that the swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the fund investment. This could cause significant losses for the Portfolio. While hedging strategies involving swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments.
The use of a swap agreement also involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. Additionally, the use of credit default swaps can result in losses if WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit swap is based.
The swaps market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a Portfolio's ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
The creditworthiness of firms with which a Portfolio enters into swaps, caps, floors or collars will be monitored by WRIMCO. If a firm's creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, the Portfolio may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction.
The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Portfolio's obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap will be accrued on a daily basis and an amount of cash or liquid assets having an aggregate NAV at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained in an account with the Portfolio's custodian that satisfies the requirements of the 1940 Act. Each Portfolio will also establish and maintain such account with respect to its total obligations under any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis and with respect to any caps or floors that are written by the Portfolio. WRIMCO and the Portfolios believe that such obligations do not constitute senior securities under the 1940 Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to a Portfolio's borrowing restrictions.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Real Estate Securities Portfolio may invest in securities issued by real estate investment trusts (REITs). A REIT is a corporation, or a business or statutory trust, that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation, which meets certain requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate-level Federal income tax and making the REIT a pass-through vehicle for Federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT, a company must, among other things, derive at least 75% of its gross income each taxable year from real estate sources such as rents from real property, mortgage interest, and gains from sales of real estate assets, and must distribute to shareholders annually 90% or more of its taxable income. Moreover, at the end of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 75% of the value of its total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash and cash items and U.S. government securities.
REITs are sometimes informally characterized as equity REITs, mortgage REITs and hybrid REITs. An equity REIT invests primarily in the fee ownership or leasehold ownership of land and buildings and derives its income primarily from rental income. A mortgage REIT invests primarily in mortgages on real estate and derives its income primarily from interest payments received on credit it has granted. A hybrid REIT combines the characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. It is anticipated, although not required, that under normal circumstances, a majority of the Portfolio investments in REITs will consist of equity REITs.
Repurchase Agreements
Each of the Portfolios may purchase securities subject to repurchase agreements, subject to its limitation on investment in illiquid investments. See Investment Restrictions and Limitations. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which a Portfolio purchases a security and the seller (normally a commercial bank or broker-dealer) agrees, at the time of purchase, that it will repurchase the security at a specified time and price. The amount by which the resale price is greater than the purchase price reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate effective for the period of the agreement. The return on the securities subject to the repurchase agreement may be more or less than the return on the repurchase agreement.
The majority of repurchase agreements in which a Portfolio will engage are overnight transactions, and the delivery pursuant to the resale typically will occur within one to five days of the purchase. The primary risk is that a Portfolio may suffer a loss if the seller fails to pay the agreed-upon amount on the delivery date and that amount is greater than the resale price of the underlying securities and other collateral held by the Portfolio. In the event of bankruptcy or other default by the seller, there may be possible delays and expenses in liquidating the underlying securities or other collateral, decline in their value or loss of interest. The return on such collateral may be more or less than that from the repurchase agreement. A Portfolio's repurchase agreements will be structured so as to fully collateralize the loans. In other words, the value of the underlying securities, which will be held by the Portfolio's custodian bank or by a third party that qualifies as a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act, is and, during the entire term of the agreement, will remain at least equal to the value of the loan, including the accrued interest earned thereon. Repurchase agreements are entered into only with those entities approved by WRIMCO.
Restricted Securities
Each of the Portfolios may invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities are securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. However, restricted securities generally can be sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or in a registered public offering. Where registration is required, a Portfolio may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time the Portfolio may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, a Portfolio might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security.
There are risks associated with investments in restricted securities in that there can be no assurance of a ready market for resale. Also, the contractual restrictions on resale might prevent a Portfolio from reselling the securities at a time when such sale would be desirable. Restricted securities that are traded in foreign markets are often subject to restrictions that prohibit resale to U.S. persons or entities or permit sales only to foreign broker-dealers who agree to limit their resale to such persons or entities. The buyer of such securities must enter into an agreement that, usually for a limited period of time, it will resell such securities subject to such restrictions. Restricted securities in which a Portfolio seeks to invest need not be listed or admitted to trading on a foreign or domestic exchange and may be less liquid than listed securities. Certain restricted securities, including Rule 144A securities, may be determined to be liquid in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Boar d of Directors. See Illiquid Investments.
Short Sales Against The Box
Each of Energy Portfolio, International Value Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio, Mortgage Securities Portfolio, Real Estate Securities Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio may sell securities "short against the box;" provided, however, that the Portfolio's aggregate short sales prices may not, at the time of any short sale, exceed 10% of its total assets. Whereas a short sale is the sale of a security a Portfolio does not own, a short sale is "against the box" if, at all times during which the short position is open, the Portfolio owns at least an equal amount of the securities sold short or other securities convertible into or exchangeable without further consideration for securities of the same issue as the securities sold short. None of the Portfolios has any present intention to sell securities short in this fashion.
U.S. Government Securities
Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities (U.S. government securities) are high quality debt instruments issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. Treasury or an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government. These securities include Treasury Bills (which mature within one year of the date they are issued), Treasury Notes (which have maturities of one to ten years) and Treasury Bonds (which generally have maturities of more than ten years). All such Treasury securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.
Certain securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such as securities issued by the Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farm Credit System Financial Assistance Corporation, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, General Services Administration, Ginnie Mae, Maritime Administration or Small Business Administration.
Other securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. For example, some securities are supported by the right of the agency or instrumentality to borrow from the Treasury, such as securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Banks, Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or Student Loan Marketing Association, and other securities are supported only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality, such as securities issued by the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation or Tennessee Valley Authority.
If the securities issued or guaranteed by a U.S. government agency or instrumentality are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, there can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to the agency or instrumentality. The Portfolios will invest in securities of agencies and instrumentalities only if WRIMCO is satisfied that the credit risk involved is acceptable.
U.S. government securities may include mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities including, but not limited to, Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. These mortgage-backed securities include pass-through securities, participation certificates and collateralized mortgage obligations. See Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities. Timely payment of principal and interest on Ginnie Mae pass-throughs is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are both instrumentalities of the U.S. government, but their obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. It is possible that the availability and the marketability (i.e., liquidity) of the securities discussed in this section could be adversely affected by actions of the U.S. government to tighten the availability of its credit.
Variable or Floating Rate Instruments
Variable or floating rate instruments (including notes purchased directly from issuers) bear variable or floating interest rates and may carry rights that permit holders to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest from the issuers or certain financial intermediaries on dates prior to their stated maturities. Floating rate securities have interest rates that change whenever there is a change in a designated base rate while variable rate instruments provide for a specified periodic adjustment in the interest rate. These formulas are designed to result in a market value for the instrument that approximates its par value.
Warrants and Rights
Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio) may invest in warrants and rights. Warrants are options to purchase equity securities at specified prices for a specific period of time. Their prices do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of the underlying securities. Rights are similar to warrants but normally have a short duration and are distributed directly by the issuer to its shareholders. Rights and warrants have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer. Warrants and rights are highly volatile and, therefore, more susceptible to sharp declines in value than the underlying security might be. They are also generally less liquid than an investment in the underlying securities.
Warrants with Cash Extractions. International Value Portfolio may also invest up to 5% of its total assets in warrants used in conjunction with the cash extraction method. If an investor wishes to replicate an underlying share, the investor can use the warrant with cash extraction method by purchasing warrants and holding cash. The cash component would be determined by subtracting the market price of the warrant from the underlying share price.
For example, assume one share for company "Alpha" has a current share price of $40 and issued warrants can be converted one for one share at an exercise price of $31 exercisable two years from today. Also assume that the market price of the warrant is $10 ($40 - $31 + $1) because investors are willing to pay a premium ($1) for previously stated reasons. If an investor wanted to replicate an underlying share by engaging in a warrant with cash extraction strategy, the amount of cash the investor would need to hold for every warrant would be $30 ($40 - $10 = $30). A warrant with cash extraction is, thus, simply a synthetically created quasi-convertible bond.
If an underlying share issues no or a low dividend and has an associated warrant with a market price that is low relative to its share price, a warrant with cash extraction may provide attractive cash yields and minimize capital loss risk, provided the underlying share is also considered a worthy investment. For example, assume Alpha's share is an attractive investment opportunity and its share pays no dividend. Given the information regarding Alpha provided above, also assume that short-term cash currently yields 5% per year and that the investor plans to hold the investment at least two years, barring significant near-term capital appreciation. If the share price were to fall below $30, the warrant with cash extraction strategy would yield a lower loss than the underlying share because an investor cannot lose more than the purchase cost of the warrant (capital risk minimized). The cash component for this strategy would yield $3.08 after two years (compound interest). The total value of the underlyi ng investment would be $43.08 versus $40.00 for the non-yielding underlying share (attractive yield). Finally, it is important to note that this strategy will not be pursued if it is not economically more attractive than underlying shares.
When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Transactions
Each Portfolio may purchase securities in which it may invest on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis or sell them on a delayed-delivery basis. In either case, payment and delivery for the securities take place at a future date. The securities so purchased or sold by a Portfolio are subject to market fluctuation; their value may be less or more when delivered than the purchase price paid or received. When purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, a Portfolio assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations. No interest accrues to a Portfolio until delivery and payment are completed. When a Portfolio makes a commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, it will record the transaction and thereafter reflect the value of the securities in determining its NAV per share. When a Portfolio sells a security on a delayed-delivery basis, the Portfolio does not participate in further gains or losses with respect t o the security. When a Portfolio makes a commitment to sell securities on a delayed basis, it will record the transaction and thereafter value the securities at the sales price in determining its NAV per share. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the Portfolios could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity, or could suffer a loss.
Ordinarily, a Portfolio purchases securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis with the intention of actually taking delivery of the securities. However, before the securities are delivered and before it has paid for them (the settlement date), a Portfolio may sell the securities if WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, decided it was advisable to do so for investment reasons. A Portfolio will hold aside or segregate cash or other securities, other than those purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, at least equal in value to the amount it will have to pay on the settlement date; these other securities may, however, be sold at or before the settlement date to pay the purchase price of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities.
Mortgage Securities Portfolio may also enter into such transactions to generate incremental income. In some instances, the third-party seller of when-issued or forward commitment securities may determine prior to the settlement date that it will be unable or unwilling to meet its existing transaction commitments without borrowing securities. If advantageous from a yield perspective, the Portfolio may, in that event, agree to resell its purchase commitment to the third-party seller at the current market price on the date of sale and concurrently enter into another purchase commitment for such securities at a later date. As an inducement for a Portfolio to "roll over" its purchase commitment, the Portfolio may receive a negotiated fee. These transactions, referred to as "mortgage dollar rolls," are entered into without the intention of actually acquiring securities. For a description of mortgage dollar rolls and the Portfolios that may invest in such transactions, see Mortgage Dollar Rolls.
The purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis exposes a Portfolio to risk because the securities may decrease in value prior to their delivery. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis involves the additional risk that the return available in the market when the delivery takes place will be higher than that obtained in the transaction itself. A Portfolio's purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis while remaining substantially fully invested increases the amount of the Portfolio's assets that are subject to market risk to an amount that is greater than the Portfolio's net asset value, which could result in increased volatility of the price of the Portfolio's shares. No more than 30% of the value of Mortgage Securities Portfolio's total assets will be committed to when-issued or forward commitment transactions, and of such 30%, no more than two-thirds (i.e., 20% of its total assets) may be invested in mortgage dollar rolls.
Zero Coupon Securities
Zero coupon securities are debt obligations that do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or do not specify a future date when the securities begin to pay current interest; instead, they are sold at a deep discount from their face value and are redeemed at face value when they mature. Because zero coupon securities do not pay current income, their prices can be very volatile when interest rates change and generally are subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changing interest rates than prices of comparable debt obligations that make current distributions of interest in cash.
A Portfolio may invest in zero coupon securities that are stripped U.S. Treasury notes and bonds, zero coupon bonds of corporate issuers and other securities that are issued with original issue discount (OID). The Federal tax law requires that a holder of a security with OID accrue a ratable portion of the OID on the security as income each year, even though the holder may receive no interest payment on the security during the year. Accordingly, although a Portfolio generally will receive no payments on its zero coupon securities prior to their maturity or disposition, it will have current income attributable to those securities and includable in the dividends paid to its shareholders. Those dividends will be paid from a Portfolio's cash assets or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary, at a time when a Portfolio otherwise might not have done so.
A broker-dealer creates a derivative zero by separating the interest and principal components of a U.S. Treasury security and selling them as two individual securities. CATS (Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities), TIGRs (Treasury Investment Growth Receipts), and TRs (Treasury Receipts) are examples of derivative zeros.
The Federal Reserve Bank creates STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) by separating the interest and principal components of an outstanding U.S. Treasury security and selling them as individual securities. Bonds issued by the Resolution Funding Corporation (REFCORP) and the Financing Corporation (FICO) can also be separated in this fashion. Original issue zeros are zero coupon securities originally issued by the U.S. government, a government agency, or a corporation in zero coupon form.
Investment Restrictions and Limitations
Certain of the Portfolios' investment restrictions and other limitations are described in this SAI.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions and Limitations
The following are each Portfolio's fundamental investment limitations set forth in their entirety, which cannot be changed without shareholder approval. For this purpose, shareholder approval means the approval, at a meeting of Portfolio shareholders, by the lesser of (1) the holders of 67% or more of the Portfolio's shares represented at the meeting, if more than 50% of the Portfolio's outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the Portfolio's outstanding shares.
The following are fundamental policies of Balanced Portfolio, Bond Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, High Income Portfolio, International Growth Portfolio, Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, Money Market Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio, Small Cap Growth Portfolio and Value Portfolio and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Each of Balanced Portfolio, Bond Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, High Income Portfolio, International Growth Portfolio, Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, Money Market Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio, Small Cap Growth Portfolio and Value Portfolio may not:
| (1) | Issue senior securities (except that each Portfolio may borrow money as described below); |
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| (2) | Purchase or sell physical commodities; however, this policy shall not prevent a Portfolio other than Money Market Portfolio from purchasing and selling foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; |
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| (3) | Buy real estate or any nonliquid interests in real estate investment trusts; |
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| (4) | Make loans, except loans of portfolio securities to the extent allowed, and in accordance with the requirements, under the 1940 Act, and a Portfolio may buy debt securities and other obligations consistent with its goal(s) and its other investment policies and restrictions; |
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| | The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this fundamental restriction: a Portfolio's investments in master notes and similar instruments will not be considered to be the making of a loan. |
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| (5) | Invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of other companies; |
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| (6) | Sell securities short (unless, for a Portfolio other than Money Market Portfolio, it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short) or purchase securities on margin, except that, for a Portfolio other than Money Market Portfolio, (1) this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from entering into short positions in foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments, (2) the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (3) the Portfolio may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; |
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| (7) | Engage in the underwriting of securities, except insofar as it may be deemed an underwriter in selling shares of a Portfolio and except as it may be deemed such in the sale of restricted securities; |
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| (8) | Except for Small Cap Growth Portfolio (see Borrowing), borrow money except from banks as a temporary measure or for extraordinary or emergency purposes and not for investment purposes, and only up to 5% of the value of a Portfolio's total assets; or |
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| (9) | With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities of any one issuer (other than cash items and government securities as defined in the 1940 Act), if immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the holdings of the Portfolio in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets, or (b) the Portfolio owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; or, except for Money Market Portfolio, buy a security if more than 25% of its assets would then be invested in securities of companies in any one industry (U.S. government securities are not included in this restriction); provided, however, that Science and Technology Portfolio may invest more than 25% of its assets in securities of companies in the science and technology industries. |
The following are additional fundamental policies of Money Market Portfolio that may not be changed without shareholder approval. Money Market Portfolio may not:
| (1) | Engage in arbitrage transactions; or |
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| (2) | Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets as security for indebtedness except to secure permitted borrowings. |
The following are fundamental policies of Asset Strategy Portfolio and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Asset Strategy Portfolio may not:
| (1) | With respect to 75% of the Portfolio's total assets, purchase the securities of any issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States government, or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result thereof, (a) more than 5% of the Portfolio's total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or (b) the Portfolio would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; |
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| (2) | Issue bonds or any other class of securities preferred over shares of the Portfolio in respect to the Portfolio's assets or earnings, provided that the Portfolio may issue additional classes of shares in accordance with the Fund's Articles of Incorporation; |
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| (3) | Sell securities short (unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short) or purchase securities on margin, except that (1) this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from entering into short positions in foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments, (2) the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (3) the Portfolio may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; |
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| (4) | Borrow money, except that the Portfolio may borrow money for emergency or extraordinary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (less liabilities other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed 33 1/3% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets by reason of a decline in net assets will be reduced within three days to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation. For purposes of this limitation, three days means three days, exclusive of Sundays and holidays; |
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| (5) | Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the Portfolio may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 in the disposition of restricted securities; |
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| (6) | Purchase the securities of any issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, more than 25% of the Portfolio's total assets (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry; |
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| (7) | Invest in real estate limited partnerships or purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities (but this shall not prevent the Portfolio from purchasing and selling securities issued by companies or other entities or investment vehicles that deal in real estate or interests therein, nor shall this prevent the Portfolio from purchasing interests in pools of real estate mortgage loans); |
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| (8) | Purchase or sell physical commodities, except that the Portfolio may purchase and sell precious metals for temporary, defensive purposes; however, this policy shall not prevent the Portfolio from purchasing and selling foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; or |
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| (9) | Make loans, except (a) by lending portfolio securities to the extent allowed, and in accordance with the requirements, under the 1940 Act; (b) through the purchase of debt securities and other obligations consistent with its goal and other investment policies and restrictions; and (c) by engaging in repurchase agreements with respect to portfolio securities. |
The following are fundamental policies of International Value Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio, and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Each of International Value Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio may not:
| (1) | With respect to 75% of the Portfolio's total assets, purchase the securities of any issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States government, or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result thereof, (a) more than 5% of the Portfolio's total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or (b) the Portfolio would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; |
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| (2) | Issue bonds or any other class of securities preferred over shares of the Portfolio in respect to the Portfolio's assets or earnings, provided that the Portfolio may issue additional classes of shares in accordance with the Fund's Articles of Incorporation; |
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| (3) | Sell securities short (unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short) or purchase securities on margin, except that (1) this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from entering into short positions in foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments, (2) the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (3) the Portfolio may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; |
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| (4) | Borrow money, except that the Portfolio may borrow money for temporary, emergency or extraordinary purposes (not for leveraging or investment) in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed 33 1/3% of the Portfolio's total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings) will be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation; |
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| (5) | Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the Portfolio may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 in the disposition of restricted securities; |
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| (6) | Purchase the securities of any issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, more than 25% of the Portfolio's total assets (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry; |
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| (7) | Invest in real estate limited partnerships or purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities (but this shall not prevent the Portfolio from purchasing and selling securities issued by companies or other entities or investment vehicles that deal in real estate or interests therein, nor shall this prevent the Portfolio from purchasing interests in pools of real estate mortgage loans); |
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| (8) | Purchase or sell physical commodities; however, this policy shall not prevent the Portfolio from purchasing and selling foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; or |
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| (9) | Make loans, except that the Portfolio may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies, lend Portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies and enter into repurchase agreements, to the extent allowed, and in accordance with the requirements, under the 1940 Act. For purposes of this restriction, the participation of the Portfolio in a credit facility whereby the Portfolio may directly lend and borrow money for temporary purposes, provided that the loans are made in accordance with an order of exemption from the SEC and any conditions thereto, will not be considered the making of a loan. |
The following are fundamental policies of Dividend Income Portfolio, and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Dividend Income Portfolio may not:
| (1) | Buy real estate nor any nonliquid interests in real estate investment trusts; |
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| (2) | With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities of any one issuer (other than cash items and government securities as defined in the 1940 Act), if immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the holdings of the Portfolio in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets, or (b) the Portfolio owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; |
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| (3) | Buy the securities of companies in any one industry if more than 25% of the Portfolio's total assets would then be in companies in that industry; |
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| (4) | Make loans, except that the Portfolio may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies, lend Portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies and enter into repurchase agreements, to the extent allowed, and in accordance with the requirements, under the 1940 Act. For purposes of this restriction, the participation of the Portfolio in a credit facility whereby the Portfolio may directly lend and borrow money for temporary purposes, provided that the loans are made in accordance with an order of exemption from the SEC and any conditions thereto, will not be considered to be the making of a loan; |
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| | The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this fundamental restriction: the Portfolio's investments in master notes and similar instruments will not be considered to be the making of a loan. |
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| (5) | Invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of other companies; |
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| (6) | Participate on a joint, or a joint and several, basis in any trading account in any securities; |
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| (7) | Sell securities short (unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short) or purchase securities on margin, except that (1) this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from entering into short positions in foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments, (2) the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (3) the Portfolio may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; |
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| (8) | Engage in the underwriting of securities of other issuers; |
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| (9) | Borrow for leveraging or investment. The Portfolio may borrow money for temporary, emergency or extraordinary purposes in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed 33 1/3% of the Portfolio's total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings) will be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation; |
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| (10) | Purchase or sell physical commodities; however, this policy shall not prevent the Portfolio from purchasing and selling foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, collars, floors and other financial instruments; or |
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| (11) | Issue senior securities. |
The following are fundamental policies of Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio, and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Each of Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio may not:
| (1) | With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities of any one issuer (other than cash items and government securities as defined in the 1940 Act), if immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the holdings of the Portfolio in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets, or (b) the Portfolio owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; |
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| (2) | Make loans, except that the Portfolio may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies, lend Portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies and enter into repurchase agreements, to the extent allowed, and in accordance with the requirements, under the 1940 Act. For purposes of this restriction, the participation of the Portfolio in a credit facility whereby the Portfolio may directly lend and borrow money for temporary purposes, provided that the loans are made in accordance with an order of exemption from the SEC and any conditions thereto, will not be considered to be the making of a loan; |
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| | The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this fundamental restriction: the Portfolio's investments in master notes and similar instruments will not be considered to be the making of a loan. |
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| (3) | Invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of other companies; |
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| (4) | Participate on a joint, or a joint and several, basis in any trading account in any securities; |
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| (5) | Engage in the underwriting of securities of other issuers; |
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| (6) | Borrow for leveraging or investment. The Portfolio may borrow money for temporary, emergency or extraordinary purposes in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed 33 1/3% of the Portfolio's total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings) will be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation; |
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| (7) | Purchase or sell physical commodities; however, this policy shall not prevent the Portfolio from purchasing and selling foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, collars, floors and other financial instruments; or |
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| (8) | Issue senior securities. |
The following are fundamental policies of Global Natural Resources Portfolio and Mid Cap Growth Portfolio, and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Global Natural Resources Portfolio and Mid Cap Growth Portfolio may not:
| (1) | Buy real estate, any nonliquid interests in real estate investment trusts or interests in real estate limited partnerships; however, the Portfolio may buy obligations or instruments that it otherwise may buy even though the issuer invests in real estate or interests in real estate; |
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| (2) | Mid Cap Growth Portfolio may not buy the securities of companies in any one industry if more than 25% of the Portfolio's total assets would then be in companies in that industry; |
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| (3) | Make loans, except that the Portfolio may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies, lend Portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies and enter into repurchase agreements, to the extent allowed, and in accordance with the requirements, under the 1940 Act. For purposes of this restriction, the participation of the Portfolio in a credit facility whereby the Portfolio may directly lend and borrow money for temporary purposes, provided that the loans are made in accordance with an order of exemption from the SEC and any conditions thereto, will not be considered to be the making of a loan; |
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| | The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this fundamental restriction: the Portfolio's investments in master notes and similar instruments will not be considered to be the making of a loan. |
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| (4) | Engage in the underwriting of securities of other issuers, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, the Portfolio may be deemed an underwriter under Federal securities laws; |
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| (5) | Borrow money, except for temporary or emergency purposes, and as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time; |
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| (6) | Purchase physical commodities or contracts relating to physical commodities, although the Portfolio may invest in commodities futures contracts and options thereon to the extent permitted by the Prospectus and this SAI. In addition, Global Natural Resources Portfolio may invest in commodities relating to natural resources, as described in the Prospectus and this SAI; or |
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| (7) | Issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
The following are fundamental policies of Energy Portfolio, and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Energy Portfolio may not:
| (1) | Buy real estate nor any nonliquid interests in real estate investment trusts; |
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| (2) | With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities of any one issuer (other than cash items and government securities as defined in the 1940 Act), if immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the holdings of the Portfolio in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets, or (b) the Portfolio owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; |
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| (3) | Make loans, except that the Portfolio may purchase or hold debt instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies, lend Portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies and enter into repurchase agreements, to the extent allowed, and in accordance with the requirements, under the 1940 Act. For purposes of this restriction, the participation of the Portfolio in a credit facility whereby the Portfolio may directly lend and borrow money for temporary purposes, provided that the loans are made in accordance with an order of exemption from the SEC and any conditions thereto, will not be considered to be the making of a loan; |
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| | The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this fundamental restriction: the Portfolio's investments in master notes and similar instruments will not be considered to be the making of a loan. |
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| (4) | Invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of other companies; |
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| (5) | Participate on a joint, or a joint and several, basis in any trading account in any securities; |
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| (6) | Sell securities short (unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short) or purchase securities on margin, except that (1) this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from entering into short positions in foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments, (2) the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (3) the Portfolio may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments; |
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| (7) | Engage in the underwriting of securities of other issuers; |
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| (8) | Borrow for leveraging or investment. The Portfolio may borrow money for temporary, emergency or extraordinary purposes in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings). Any borrowings that come to exceed 33 1/3% of the Portfolio's total assets less liabilities (other than borrowings) will be reduced within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3% limitation; |
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| (9) | Purchase physical commodities or contracts relating to physical commodities, except that the Portfolio may invest in commodities relating to the energy sector, as described in the Prospectus and this SAI; as well, the Portfolio may invest in commodities futures contracts and options thereon to the extent permitted by the Prospectus and this SAI. This policy shall not prevent the Portfolio from purchasing and selling foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, collars, floors and other financial instruments; or |
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| (10) | Issue senior securities. |
Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions and Limitations
The following investment restrictions are not fundamental and may be changed by the Fund's Board of Directors without approval of the shareholders of the affected Portfolios.
Non-fundamental investment restrictions for each of Asset Strategy Portfolio, Balanced Portfolio, Bond Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, High Income Portfolio, International Growth Portfolio, Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, Money Market Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio, Small Cap Growth Portfolio and Value Portfolio:
| (1) | At least 80% of each of Bond Portfolio's total assets will be invested during normal market conditions in bonds. At least 80% of Limited-Term Bond Portfolio's total assets will be invested during normal market conditions in bonds with limited-term maturities. Bond Portfolio will provide its shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to changing this policy. |
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| (2) | At least 80% of Small Cap Growth Portfolio's total assets will be invested during normal market conditions in small cap companies; that is, companies with market capitalizations below $3.5 billion at the time their securities are acquired by the Portfolio. Small Cap Growth Portfolio will provide its shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to changing this policy. |
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| (3) | At least 25% of Balanced Portfolio's total assets will be invested during normal market conditions in fixed-income senior securities. |
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| (4) | At least 80% of International Growth Portfolio's total assets will be invested during normal market conditions in foreign securities. International Growth Portfolio may not purchase a foreign security if, as a result of such purchase, more than 75% of its total assets would be invested in issuers of that foreign country. International Growth Portfolio currently intends to have at least 65% of its total assets invested in issuers of at least three different foreign countries. |
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| (5) | Each of Balanced Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio, International Growth Portfolio, Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio, Small Cap Growth Portfolio and Value Portfolio does not currently intend to invest in non-investment grade debt securities if, as a result of such investment, more than 5% of its total assets would consist of such investments. Each of Asset Strategy Portfolio and Bond Portfolio may not invest more than 35% of its total assets in non-investment grade debt securities. |
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| (6) | Money Market Portfolio may not purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities) if, as a result of such purchase, more than 5% of its total assets would be invested in the securities of any one issuer, as determined in accordance with Rule 2a-7; provided, however, the Portfolio may invest up to 25% of its total assets in first tier securities of a single issuer for a period of up to 3 business days after the purchase. The Portfolio may rely on this exception only as to one issuer at a time. Money Market Portfolio may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities rated in the second highest rating category by the requisite rating organization(s) or comparable unrated securities, with investments in such securities of any one issuer (except U.S. government securities) limited to the greater of 1% of the Portfolio's total assets or $1,000,000, as determined in accordance with Rule 2a-7. |
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| (7) | High Income Portfolio may not purchase a common stock if, as a result, more than 20% of its total assets would be invested in common stocks. This 20% limit includes common stocks acquired on conversion of convertible securities, on exercise of warrants or call options or in any other voluntary manner. The Portfolio does not currently intend to invest more than 10% of its total assets in non-dividend paying common stocks. |
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| (8) | Subject to the diversification requirements of Rule 2a-7, Money Market Portfolio may invest up to 10% of its total assets in Canadian government obligations. Money Market Portfolio may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in a combination of foreign obligations and instruments. |
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| (9) | Asset Strategy Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its total assets in foreign securities. |
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| (10) | Each of Bond Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, High Income Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio and Small Cap Growth Portfolio may not invest more than 20% of its total assets in foreign securities; Value Portfolio may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in foreign securities. Balanced Portfolio may purchase an unlimited amount of foreign securities; however, the Portfolio intends to have less than 10% of its total assets invested in foreign securities. |
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| (11) | Each Portfolio may not purchase a security if, as a result, more than 15% (10% for Money Market Portfolio) of its net assets would consist of illiquid investments. Illiquid investments are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued. |
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| (12) | Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio) may purchase shares of another investment company subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act. |
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| (13) | A Portfolio may not participate on a joint, or a joint and several, basis in any trading account in any securities (but this does not prohibit the bunching of orders for the sale or purchase of Portfolio securities with any other Portfolio or with other advisory accounts of WRIMCO or any of its affiliates to reduce brokerage commissions or otherwise to achieve best execution). |
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| (14) | Asset Strategy Portfolio does not currently intend to lend assets other than securities to other parties, except by acquiring loans, loan participations, or other forms of direct debt instruments. This limitation does not apply to purchases of debt securities or to repurchase agreements. |
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| (15) | Asset Strategy Portfolio does not currently intend to invest in oil, gas, or other mineral exploration or development programs or leases. |
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| (16) | Asset Strategy Portfolio will not purchase any security while borrowings representing more than 5% of its total assets are outstanding. |
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| (17) | Each Portfolio, other than Asset Strategy Portfolio and Money Market Portfolio, may not pledge its assets in connection with any permitted borrowings; however, this policy does not prevent a Portfolio from pledging its assets in connection with its purchase and sale of futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments. |
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| (18) | Money Market Portfolio will not invest in any security whose interest rate or principal amount to be repaid, or timing of payments, varies or floats with the value of a foreign currency, the rate of interest payable on foreign currency borrowings, or with any interest rate or index expressed in a currency other than U.S. dollars. |
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| (19) | For Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, the maturity of collateralized mortgage obligations and other asset-backed securities will be deemed to be the estimated average life of such securities, as determined in accordance with certain prescribed models or formulas. The maturity of other debt securities will be deemed to be the earlier of the call date or the maturity date, whichever is appropriate. |
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| (20) | Limited-Term Bond Portfolio may only invest in U.S. dollar denominated securities. |
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| (21) | Each Portfolio may invest in options, futures contracts, asset-backed securities and other derivative instruments if it is permitted to invest in the type of asset by which the return on, or value of, the derivative is measured. |
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| (22) | To the extent that a Portfolio enters into futures contracts, options on futures contracts or options on foreign currencies traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange, in each case other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish those positions (excluding the amount by which options are in-the-money at the time of purchase) will not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any contracts the Portfolio has entered into. (In general, a call option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract is exceeded by the strike price of the put.) This policy does not limit to 5% the percentage of a Portfolio's total assets that are at risk in futures contracts, options on futures contracts and currency options. |
Regarding policies 1, 2 and 4, a Portfolio will notify shareholders, in writing, at least 60 days prior to a change in the 80% investment policy.
Non-fundamental investment restrictions for each of International Value Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio:
| (1) | At least 80% of International Value Portfolio's net assets will be invested, under normal market conditions, in foreign securities and at least 65% of its total assets will be invested in at least three different countries outside the United States. The Portfolio may not purchase a foreign security if, as a result, more than 75% of its total assets would be invested in issuers of any one foreign country. International Value Portfolio will provide its shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to changing its policy which requires 80% of net assets be invested in foreign securities. |
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| (2) | At least 80% of Micro Cap Growth Portfolio's net assets will be invested, under normal market conditions, in the equity securities of micro cap companies. For purposes of this restriction, a micro cap company is typically a company with a market capitalization below $1 billion. Micro Cap Growth Portfolio will provide its shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to changing this policy. |
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| (3) | At least 80% of Small Cap Value Portfolio's net assets will be invested, under normal market conditions, in small cap companies. For purposes of this restriction, a small cap company is typically a company with a market capitalization below $3.5 billion. Small Cap Value Portfolio will provide its shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to changing this policy. |
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| (4) | International Value Portfolio does not currently intend to invest more than 5% of its net assets in securities (including convertible securities) rated at least BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody's and may not invest in securities below those ratings. |
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| (5) | Each of Micro Cap Growth Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio does not currently intend to invest more than 10% of its net assets in debt securities (including convertible securities) rated at least B- by S&P or B3 by Moody's and may not invest in securities below those ratings. |
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| (6) | Each of Micro Cap Growth Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio currently intends to limit its investments in foreign securities that are not traded in the U.S., under normal market conditions, to no more than 10% of its total assets; for this purpose, ADRs are not considered foreign securities, although each of these Portfolios does not intend to invest more than 10% of its total assets in ADRs. |
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| (7) | International Value Portfolio may also invest up to 5% of its total assets in warrants used in conjunction with the cash extraction method. |
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| (8) | Each Portfolio may not purchase a security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would consist of illiquid investments. Illiquid investments are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued. |
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| (9) | Each Portfolio may purchase shares of another investment company subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act. |
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| (10) | No Portfolio may participate on a joint, or a joint and several, basis in any trading account in any securities (but this does not prohibit the bunching of orders for the sale or purchase of a Portfolio's securities with orders for other advisory accounts of the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, to reduce brokerage commissions or otherwise to achieve best execution). |
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| (11) | No Portfolio currently intends to invest in oil, gas, or other mineral exploration or development programs or leases. |
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| (12) | No Portfolio will purchase any security while borrowings representing more than 5% of its total assets are outstanding. |
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| (13) | To the extent that the Portfolio enters into futures contracts, options on futures contracts or options on foreign currencies traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange, in each case other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish those positions (excluding the amount by which options are in-the-money at the time of purchase) will not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any contracts the Portfolio has entered into. (In general, a call option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract is exceeded by the strike price of the put.) This policy does not limit to 5% the percentage of the Portfolio's total assets that are at risk in futures contracts and options on futures contracts. |
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| (14) | Each Portfolio may purchase or sell options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward currency contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, indexed securities and other derivative instruments only to the extent that the Portfolio is permitted to invest in the type of asset by which the return on, or value of, such instrument is measured. |
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| (15) | The total market value of securities against which International Value Portfolio may write, call or put options will not exceed 20% of the Portfolio's total assets. In addition, the Portfolio will not commit more than 5% of its total assets to premiums when purchasing put or call options. |
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| (16) | A Portfolio's aggregate short sales prices may not, at the time of any short sale, exceed 10% of its total assets. |
Non-fundamental investment restrictions for Dividend Income Portfolio:
| (1) | Under normal market conditions, the Portfolio will invest at least 80% of its net assets in dividend-paying equity securities. The Portfolio will notify Portfolio shareholders, in writing, at least 60 days prior to a change in the 80% investment policy. |
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| (2) | The Portfolio does not intend to invest more than 25% of its total assets in foreign securities. |
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| (3) | The Portfolio does not currently intend to invest in non-investment grade debt securities if, as a result, more than 10% of its total assets would consist of such investments. |
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| (4) | The Portfolio may not purchase a security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would consist of illiquid investments. Illiquid investments are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued. |
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| (5) | The Portfolio may purchase shares of another investment company subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act; however, the Portfolio does not currently intend to invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of other investment companies. |
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| (6) | The Portfolio may invest in options, futures contracts, asset-backed securities and other derivative instruments if it is permitted to invest in the type of asset by which the return on, or value of, the derivative is measured. |
| | |
| (7) | To the extent that the Portfolio enters into futures contracts, options on futures contracts or options on foreign currencies traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange, in each case other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish those positions (excluding the amount by which options are in-the-money at the time of purchase) will not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any contracts the Portfolio has entered into. (In general, a call option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the strike, i.e., exercise, price of the call; a put option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract is exceeded by the strike price of the put.) This policy does not limit to 5% the percentage of the Portfolio's total assets that are at risk in futures con tracts, options on futures contracts and currency options. |
Non-fundamental investment restrictions for each of Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio:
| (1) | Under normal market conditions, Mortgage Securities Portfolio will concentrate its investments in the mortgage and mortgage-finance industry. The Portfolio will not concentrate its investments in any other particular industry. Under normal market conditions, Real Estate Securities Portfolio will concentrate its investments in the real estate or real estate related industry. The Portfolio will not concentrate its investments in any other particular industry. For purposes of this limitation, the United States government, and state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions, are not considered members of any industry. Whether the Portfolio is concentrating in an industry shall be determined in accordance with the 1940 Act and as interpreted or modified from time to time by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction. |
| | |
| | Under normal market conditions, Mortgage Securities Portfolio will invest at least 80% of its net assets in the mortgage and mortgage-related industry. The Portfolio will notify Portfolio shareholders, in writing, at least 60 days prior to a change in the 80% investment policy. |
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| | Under normal market conditions, Real Estate Securities Portfolio will invest at least 80% of its net assets in the real estate or real estate-related industry. The Portfolio will notify Portfolio shareholders, in writing, at least 60 days prior to a change in the 80% investment policy. |
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| (2) | Each Portfolio does not intend to invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities of foreign issuers. |
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| | ADRs are not considered foreign securities for this purpose. |
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| (3) | Each Portfolio does not currently intend to invest in non-investment grade debt securities (securities rated BB and below by S&P or Ba and below by Moody's) if, as a result, more than 10% of its total assets would consist of such investments. |
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| | Mortgage Securities Portfolio may not invest more than 35% of its total assets in securities rated BBB and below by S&P or Baa and below by Moody's. |
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| (4) | Each Portfolio may hold an additional 5% of its net assets in securities down-graded subsequent to purchase where such down-graded securities would not otherwise be eligible for purchase by the Portfolio. |
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| (5) | Each Portfolio may not purchase a security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would consist of illiquid investments. Illiquid investments are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued. |
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| (6) | Each Portfolio may purchase shares of another investment company subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act. |
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| (7) | Each Portfolio may invest in options, futures contracts, asset-backed securities and other derivative instruments if it is permitted to invest in the type of asset by which the return on, or value of, the derivative is measured. |
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| (8) | Each Portfolio may not sell securities short (unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short and other than short sales against the box) or purchase securities on margin, except that (1) this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from entering into short positions in foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments, (2) the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (3) the Portfolio may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments. |
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| (9) | To the extent that the Portfolio enters into futures contracts, options on futures contracts or options on foreign currencies traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange, in each case other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish those positions (excluding the amount by which options are in-the-money at the time of purchase) will not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any contracts the Portfolio has entered into; the total market value of securities against which a Portfolio may write call or put options will not exceed 20% of the Portfolio's total assets. (In general, a call option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the strike, i.e., exercise, price of the call; a put option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract is exceeded by the strike price of the put.) This policy does not limit to 5% the percentage of the Portfolio's total assets that are at risk in futures contracts, options on futures contracts and currency options. |
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| (10) | Mortgage Securities Portfolio will not purchase a Z bond if the respective Portfolio's aggregate investment in Z bonds which are then still in their accrual periods would exceed 20% of the Portfolio's total assets (Z bonds which have begun to receive cash payments are not included for purposes of this 20% limitation). |
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| (11) | Each Portfolio may invest up to 10% of the value of its net assets directly in mortgages securing residential or commercial real estate (i.e., the Portfolio becomes the mortgagee). |
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| (12) | No more than 30% of the value of each Portfolio's total assets will be committed to when-issued or forward commitment transactions, and of such 30%, no more than two-thirds (i.e., 20% of its total assets) may be invested in mortgage dollar rolls. |
| | |
| (13) | Under normal market conditions, Mortgage Securities Portfolio may invest up to 20% of its net assets in cash or cash items. Under normal market conditions, Real Estate Securities Portfolio may invest approximately 5% of its net assets in cash or cash items. |
Non-fundamental investment restrictions for Global Natural Resources Portfolio and Mid Cap Growth Portfolio:
| (1) | Under normal market conditions, Global Natural Resources Portfolio will invest at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities (including common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common stock) of companies of any size throughout the world that own, explore or develop natural resources and other basic commodities or supply goods and services to such companies. The Portfolio will notify Portfolio shareholders, in writing, at least 60 days prior to a change in the 80% investment policy. |
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| (2) | Under normal market conditions, Mid Cap Growth Portfolio will invest at least 80% of its net assets in mid-cap growth stocks, which are stocks of companies whose market capitalizations that range between $1 billion and $15 billion. The Portfolio will notify Portfolio shareholders, in writing, at least 60 days prior to a change in the 80% investment policy. |
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| (3) | Mid Cap Growth Portfolio does not intend to invest more than 25% of its total assets in foreign securities. |
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| (4) | Each Portfolio may not purchase a security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would consist of illiquid investments. Illiquid investments are investments that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued. |
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| (5) | Each Portfolio may purchase shares of another investment company subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act. |
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| (6) | Each Portfolio may not invest for the purpose of exercising control or management of other companies. |
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| (7) | Each Portfolio may invest in options, futures contracts, asset-backed securities and other derivative instruments if it is permitted to invest in the type of asset by which the return on, or value of, the derivative is measured. |
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| (8) | To the extent that each Portfolio enters into futures contracts, options on futures contracts or options on foreign currencies traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange, in each case other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish those positions (excluding the amount by which options are in-the-money at the time of purchase) will not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any contracts the Portfolio has entered into. (In general, a call option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the strike, i.e., exercise, price of the call; a put option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract is exceeded by the strike price of the put.) This policy does not limit to 5% the percentage of the Portfolio's total assets that are at risk in futures co ntracts, options on futures contracts and currency options. |
| | |
| (9) | Sell securities short (unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short) or purchase securities on margin, except that (1) this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from entering into short positions in foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments, (2) the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (3) the Portfolio may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments. |
Non-fundamental investment restrictions for Energy Portfolio:
| (1) | Under normal market conditions, Energy Portfolio will invest at least 80% of its net assets in securities of companies within the energy sector, which includes all aspects of the energy industry, including exploration, discovery, production, distribution or infrastructure of energy and/or alternative energy sources. The Portfolio will notify Portfolio shareholders at least 60 days prior to a change in the 80% investment policy. |
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| (2) | The Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its assets in foreign securities. |
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| (3) | The Portfolio does not currently intend to invest in non-investment grade debt securities if, as a result, more than 10% of its total assets would consist of such investments. |
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| (4) | The Portfolio may not purchase a security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would consist of illiquid investments, which are investments that cannot be sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which they are valued. |
| | |
| (5) | The Portfolio may purchase shares of another investment company subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act. |
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| (6) | The Portfolio may not pledge its assets in connection with any permitted borrowings; however, this policy does not prevent the Portfolio from pledging its assets in connection with its purchase and sale of futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments. |
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| (7) | The Portfolio will only purchase or sell a particular Financial Instrument if the Portfolio is authorized to invest in the type of asset by which the return on, or value of, the Financial Instrument is primarily measured. |
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| (8) | To the extent that the Portfolio enters into futures contracts, options on futures contracts or options on foreign currencies traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange, in each case other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish those positions (excluding the amount by which options are in-the-money at the time of purchase) will not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any contracts the Portfolio has entered into. (In general, a call option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the strike, i.e., exercise, price of the call; a put option on a futures contract is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract is exceeded by the strike price of the put.) This policy does not limit to 5% the percentage of the Portfolio's total assets that are at risk in futures con tracts, options on futures contracts and currency options. |
An investment policy or limitation that states a maximum percentage of a Portfolio's assets that may be so invested or prescribes quality standards is typically applied immediately after, and based on, the Portfolio's acquisition of an asset. Accordingly, a subsequent change in the asset's value, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Portfolio's investment policies and limitations, except that International Value Portfolio may not hold more than 5% of its net assets in securities that have been downgraded subsequent to purchase where such securities are not otherwise eligible for purchase by the Portfolio. (This is in addition to securities International Value Portfolio may purchase under its other investment policies).
Portfolio Turnover
A Portfolio turnover rate is, in general, the percentage computed by taking the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for a year and dividing it by the monthly average of the market value of such securities during the year, excluding certain short-term securities. A Portfolio's turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year.
The portfolio turnover rates for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 for each of the Portfolios then in existence were as follows:
| 2005 ----- | 2004 ----- |
Asset Strategy Portfolio | 79% | 118% |
Balanced Portfolio | 52% | 39% |
Bond Portfolio | 43% | 47% |
Core Equity Portfolio | 62% | 54% |
Dividend Income Portfolio | 22% | 22% |
Global Natural Resources Portfolio | 66% | NA |
Growth Portfolio | 59% | 81% |
High Income Portfolio | 54% | 83% |
International Growth Portfolio | 86% | 81% |
International Value Portfolio | 23% | 31% |
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | 39% | 39% |
Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | 54% | 65% |
Mid Cap Growth Portfolio | 11% | NA |
Money Market Portfolio | NA | NA |
Mortgage Securities Portfolio | 202% | 184% |
Real Estate Securities Portfolio | 48% | 53% |
Science and Technology Portfolio | 104% | 107% |
Small Cap Growth Portfolio | 71% | 96% |
Small Cap Value Portfolio | 166% | 32% |
Value Portfolio | 40% | 78% |
The high rate of turnover for Mortgage Securities Portfolio was due to the portfolio manager initiating and maintaining a more active but low risk strategy of trading in government agency pass-through securities, which involves simultaneous buying and selling of virtually identical securities settling on different dates to benefit from market price inefficiencies and is primarily utilized by the portfolio manager to manage liquidity. The high portfolio turnover rate for Small Cap Growth Portfolio for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 was primarily due to the portfolio manager's continued evaluation of, and necessary changes to, the holdings of the Portfolio as a result of the acquisition of the former subadvisor, State Street Research & Management, by BlackRock, Inc. in January 2005. A high turnover rate will increase transaction costs and commission costs that will be paid by the Portfolio and may generate taxable income or loss. Because short-term securities are generally excluded from comp utation of the turnover rate, a rate is not computed for Money Market Portfolio.
Disclosure of Portfolio HoldingsThe Fund has adopted policies and procedures intended to prevent unauthorized disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings information (Policy). The Policy permits disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings to selected parties only when the Fund has legitimate business purposes for doing so and the recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the non-public information.
Publicly Available Portfolio Holdings
A Portfolio's portfolio holdings are publicly available: (1) at the time such information is filed with the SEC in a publicly available filing; or (2) the day next following the day such information is posted on the Waddell & Reed website. This information may be the Portfolio's complete portfolio holdings disclosed in the Portfolio's semi-annual or annual reports and filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR or in the Portfolio's first and third quarter reports and filed with the SEC on Form N-Q. This information may also be a partial listing, such as the Fund's top ten portfolio holdings posted on the Waddell & Reed website (approximately 30 days after quarter-end).
Non-Public Portfolio Holdings
The Policy allows the disclosure of a Portfolio's non-public portfolio holdings for the Portfolio's legitimate business purposes, subject to certain conditions, to: (1) certain service providers; (2) rating and ranking organizations; and (3) certain other recipients. Non-public portfolio holdings may not be disclosed to members of the media under any circumstance.
The Fund's Treasurer or his designee may provide a Portfolio's non-public portfolio holdings to a rating and ranking organization (e.g., Lipper, Morningstar, etc.), on the condition that the non-public portfolio holdings will be used solely for the purposes of developing a rating and subject to an agreement requiring confidentiality and prohibiting the use of the information for trading.
A service provider or other third party that receives information about a Portfolio's non-public portfolio holdings where necessary to enable the provider to perform its contractual services for the Portfolio (e.g., a person that performs account maintenance and record keeping services) may receive non-public portfolio holdings on the condition that the non-public portfolio holdings will be used solely for the purpose of servicing the Portfolio and subject to an agreement requiring confidentiality and prohibiting the use of the information for trading.
A Portfolio's partial or complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed as frequently as monthly, to certain other persons (recipients), including broker/dealers, current and prospective shareholders of the Portfolio and current and prospective clients of WRIMCO (or its affiliate), provided that:
- The recipient requests such information from WRIMCO (or its affiliate);
- The individual receiving the request, in conjunction with the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (CCO), determines that the Portfolio has a legitimate business purpose for disclosing non-public portfolio holdings information to the recipient;
- The individual receiving the request obtains prior approval from the Legal Department;
- The recipient signs a confidentiality agreement that provides that the non-public portfolio holdings: (a) will be kept confidential; (b) may not be used to trade in any such portfolio holding that has not been made publicly available nor to purchase or redeem shares of the Portfolio or any other fund managed by WRIMCO or its affiliate holding such security; and (c) may not be disseminated or used for any purpose other than the purpose referenced in the confidentiality agreement; and
- No compensation is received by the Fund, WRIMCO or any other party in connection with the disclosure of information about portfolio securities.
The Policy provides that attribution reports containing only sector and/or industry breakdown for the Fund can be released without a confidentiality agreement and without regard to any time constraints.
In determining whether there is a legitimate business purpose for making disclosure of a Portfolio's non-public portfolio holdings information, the Fund's CCO will typically consider whether the disclosure is in the best interests of the Portfolio's shareholders and whether any conflict of interest exists between the shareholders and the Portfolio or Waddell & Reed or its affiliates. The Policy is subject to periodic review by the Fund's Board of Directors. As part of the annual review of the Fund's compliance policies and procedures, the Fund's CCO will report to the Board of Directors regarding the operation and effectiveness of the Policy, including as to any changes to the Policy that have been made or recommendations for future changes to the Policy.
The following is a list of those entities with which there is currently an ongoing arrangement to make available non-public information about the Portfolio's portfolio securities holdings.
| Custodian, Auditors and Service Providers |
| UMB Bank, n.a. |
| Citigroup Global Transaction Services |
| Deloitte & Touche LLP |
| Waddell & Reed Investment Management Company |
| Waddell & Reed Services Company |
| Waddell & Reed, Inc. |
| Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Nicholson Graham LLP |
Pursuant to a custodian contract, the Fund has selected UMB Bank as custodian for each Portfolio's securities and cash. As custodian, UMB Bank maintains all records relating to a Portfolio's activities and supplies a Portfolio with a daily tabulation of the securities it owns and that are held by the custodian. A Portfolio's subcustodian serves a similar function for foreign securities.
| Rating, Ranking and Research entities |
| Bloomberg |
| Lipper |
| Morningstar |
| Standard & Poors |
| Thompson Financial |
| Vickers |
| Wiesenberger |
| Ibbotson |
| Vestek |
A Portfolio may send its complete portfolio holdings information to one or more of the rating, ranking and /or research agencies listed above for the purpose of having such agency develop a rating, ranking or specific research product for the Portfolio.
| Brokerage and Brokerage-related information entities |
| A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. |
| ABN Amro, Inc. |
| Advest, Inc. |
| Bank of America Securities, LLC |
| BankOne Securities Corp, |
| Barclay's Capital, Inc. |
| BB & T Capital Markets |
| BCP Securities LLC |
| Bear Stearns & Co. |
| Belle Haven Investments, L.P. |
| Bergen Capital, Inc. |
| Blaylock & Partners, L.P. |
| Bloomberg Tradebook, LLC |
| BNP Paribas |
| BNY Capital Markets |
| Bonds Direct Securities, LLC |
| BOSC, Inc. |
| CIBC World Markets Corp. |
| Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. |
| Coastal Securities, L.P. |
| Commerce Capital Markets, Inc. |
| Crews & Associates, Inc. |
| CRT Capital Group, LLC |
| Credit Suisse First Boston, LLC |
| DebtTraders, Inc. |
| Deutsche Bank, AG |
| Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein Securities, LLC |
| Duncan-Williams, Inc. |
| Fidelity Capital Markets |
| Fifth Third Securities, Inc. |
| First Albany Capital, Inc. |
| First Southwest Company |
| FTN Financial Capital Markets |
| First Union Securities, Inc. |
| Fulcrum Investment Group, LLC |
| George K. Baum & Company |
| Griffin, Kubik, Stephens & Thompson, Inc. |
| Global Financial Services, LLC |
| GMS Group, LLC |
| Goldman Sachs & Co. |
| GX Clarke & Co. |
| Hanifen, Imhoff, Inc. |
| Herbert J. Sims & Co., Inc. |
| Hibernia Southcoast Capital, Inc. |
| HSBC Securities, Inc. |
| ING Financial Markets, LLC |
| Janney Montgomery Scott LLC |
| JP Morgan Securities, Inc. |
| Keefe, Bryette & Woods, Inc. |
| KeyBanc Capital Markets |
| KBC Financial Products USA, Inc. |
| Kirkpatrick, Pettis, Smith, Polian, Inc. |
| Lazard Freres & Co., LLC |
| Leerink Swann & Co |
| Legg Mason Wood Walker, Inc. |
| Lehman Brothers, Inc. |
| Libertas Partners LLC |
| Loop Capital Markets LLC |
| Maxcor Financial, Inc. |
| Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith |
| Mesirow Financial, Inc. |
| Mizuho Securities USA, Inc. |
| Morgan Keegan & Co., Inc. |
| Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. |
| M.R. Beal and Co. |
| Newman & Assoc., Inc |
| Nomura Securities International, Inc. |
| Paine Webber, Inc. |
| Piper Jaffray & Co. |
| Prager, Sealy & Co., LLC |
| Pressprich |
| Raymond James & Associates, Inc. |
| RBC Dain Rauscher, Inc. |
| RBC Dominion Securities, Corp. |
| RFC |
| Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc. |
| Salomon Brothers |
| Santander Central Hispano |
| Scotia Capital (USA), Inc. |
| Seattle Northwest Securities Corp. |
| Siebert Brandford Shank & Co., LLC |
| Southwest Securities, Inc. |
| Spear Leads & Kellog, L.P. |
| Stephens, Inc. |
| TD Securities (USA), Inc. |
| TFC Financial Management |
| Tejas Securities Group |
| Toronto Dominion Investments, Inc. |
| UBS Investment Bank |
| W.H. Mell Associates, Inc. |
| Wachovia Securities, LLC |
| B.C. Ziegler & Company |
| Zions Investment Securities, Inc. |
Each Portfolio may send its complete portfolio holdings information to one or more of the brokerage and/or research firms listed above for the purpose of having such entity provide specific research and security-related information to the Portfolio. No compensation is received by the Fund, WRIMCO or its affiliates and portfolio holdings information will only be provided for legitimate business purposes.
The Fund may, in the future, modify or terminate any or all of these arrangements and/or enter into additional arrangements of this nature.
Directors and Officers
The Waddell & Reed Fund Complex (Fund Complex) is comprised of the Advisors Fund Complex and the Ivy Family of Funds. The Fund is part of the Advisors Fund Complex. The Advisors Fund Complex is comprised of each of the funds in the Waddell & Reed Advisors Funds, Waddell & Reed InvestEd Portfolios, Inc. and the Portfolios. The Ivy Family of Funds is comprised of each of the funds in Ivy Funds, Inc. (formerly, W&R Funds, Inc.) and Ivy Funds, a Massachusetts business trust.
Following is a list of the members of the Board of Directors (Board) and the principal officers of the Fund. The Board oversees the operations of the Fund, and is responsible for the overall management and supervision of the affairs of the Fund in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland. Each of the Directors also serves as a director of each of the funds in the Advisors Fund Complex. Eleanor B. Schwartz, Joseph Harroz, Jr., and Henry J. Herrmann also serve as directors or trustees of each of the funds in the Ivy Family of Funds.
David P. Gardner serves as Independent Chair of the Fund's Board and of the board of directors of the other funds in the Advisors Fund Complex.
Subject to the Director Emeritus and Retirement Policy, a Director serves until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. The Board appoints officers and delegates to them the management of the day-to-day operations of the Fund, based on policies reviewed and approved by the Board, with general oversight by the Board.
Disinterested Directors
The following table provides information regarding each Director who is not an "interested person" as defined in the 1940 Act.
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE | POSITION HELD WITH THE FUND | DIRECTOR SINCE | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST 5 YEARS | NUMBER OF FUNDS IN FUND COMPLEX OVERSEEN | OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY DIRECTOR |
James M. Concannon 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 58 | Director | Fund: 1997 Fund Complex: 1997 | Professor of Law, Washburn Law School (1998 to present); Formerly, Dean, Washburn Law School (until 2001) | 46 | Director, Kansas Legal Services for Prisoners, Inc. |
John A. Dillingham 4040 Northwest Claymont Drive Kansas City, MO 64116 Age: 67 | Director | Fund: 1997 Fund Complex: 1997 | President and Director, JoDill Corp. (1980 to present) and Dillingham Enterprises, Inc. (1997 to present), both farming enterprises; President, Missouri Institute of Justice | 46 | Director, Salvation Army; Advisory Director, UMB Northland Board (Financial Services) |
David P. Gardner 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 73 | Director | Fund: 1998 Fund Complex: 1998 | Senior Advisor to the President, J. Paul Getty Trust (2004 to present); Professor, University of Utah (until 2005) | 46 | None |
Linda K. Graves 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 52 | Director | Fund: 1995 Fund Complex: 1995 | First Lady of Kansas (until 2003) | 46 | Chairman and Director, Greater Kansas City Community Foundation |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 39 | Director | Fund: 1998 Fund Complex: 1998 | Vice President and General Counsel of the Board of Regents, University of Oklahoma (1996 to present); Adjunct Professor, University of Oklahoma Law School (1997 to present); Managing Member, Harroz Investments, LLC, commercial enterprise investments (1998 to present); Consultant, MTV Associates (2004) | 73 | Director and Shareholder, Valliance Bank; Director, Ivy Funds, Inc.; Trustee, Ivy Funds |
John F. Hayes 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 86 | Director | Fund: 1988 Fund Complex: 1988 | Shareholder, Gilliland & Hayes, P.A., a law firm; formerly, Chairman, Gilliland & Hayes (until 2003) | 46 | Director, Central Bank & Trust; Central Financial Corporation (banking) |
Glendon E. Johnson, Sr. 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 82 | Director | Fund: 1986 Fund Complex: 1971 | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Castle Valley Ranches, LLC | 46 | Chairman and CEO, Wellness Council of America; Member, Advisory Council of the Boy Scouts of America |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. Polsinelli Shalton Welte Suelthaus, L.P. 700 West 47th Street Suite 1000 Kansas City, MO 64112 Age: 52 | Director | Fund: 1996 Fund Complex: 1996 | Shareholder/Director, Polsinelli Shalton Welte Suelthaus, a law firm (1980 to present) | 46 | Director, Columbian Bank & Trust |
Eleanor B. Schwartz 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 69 | Director | Fund: 1995 Fund Complex: 1995 | Professor Emeritus, University of Missouri at Kansas City (2003 to present); formerly, Professor of Business Administration, University of Missouri at Kansas City (until 2003) | 73 | Director, Ivy Funds, Inc.; Trustee, Ivy Funds |
Frederick Vogel III 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 70 | Director | Fund: 1986 Fund Complex: 1971 | Member, Board of Directors, The Terra Foundation for American Art (Chicago); Vice President, Treasurer and Trustee, The Layton Art Collection, Inc.; Member of the Directors Advisory Committee for American Art | 46 | None |
Interested Director
A Director is "interested" by virtue of his or her current or former engagement as an officer of Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. (WDR) or its wholly owned subsidiaries, including the Fund's investment manager, WRIMCO, the Fund's principal underwriter, Waddell & Reed and the Fund's accounting services agent, Waddell & Reed Services Company (WRSCO), as well as by virtue of his or her personal ownership of shares of WDR.
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE | POSITION(S) HELD WITH THE FUND | DIRECTOR/ OFFICER SINCE | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST 5 YEARS | NUMBER OF FUNDS IN FUND COMPLEX OVERSEEN | OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD |
Henry J. Herrmann 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, KS 66202 Age: 63 | President
Director | Fund: 2001 Fund Complex: 2001
Fund: 1998 Fund Complex: 1998 | CEO of WDR (2005 to present); President, CEO and Chairman of WRIMCO (1993 to present); President, CEO and Chairman of Ivy Investment Management Company (IICO), an affiliate of WDR (2002 to present); formerly, President and Chief Investment Officer (CIO) of WDR, WRIMCO and IICO (until 2005); President and Director/Trustee of each of the funds in the Fund Complex | 73 | Director, Ivy Funds, Inc.; Trustee, Ivy Funds; Director, Austin, Calvert & Flavin, Inc., an affiliate of WRIMCO; Director, Ivy Services Inc. (ISI), an affiliate of IICO |
Officers
The Board has appointed officers who are responsible for the day-to-day business decisions based on policies it has established. The officers serve at the pleasure of the Board. In addition to Mr. Herrmann, who is President, the Fund's principal officers are:
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE | POSITION(S) HELD WITH THE FUND | OFFICER OF FUND SINCE | OFFICER OF FUND COMPLEX SINCE | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST 5 YEARS |
Theodore W. Howard 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park KS 66202 Age: 63 | Vice President
Treasurer
Principal Accounting Officer
Principal Financial Officer | 1987
1986
1986
2002 | 1987
1976
1976
2002 | Senior Vice President of WRSCO (2001 to present); Vice President (1987 to present), Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer (1976 to present), and Principal Financial Officer (2002 to present) of each of the funds in the Fund Complex; formerly, Vice President of WRSCO (until 2001) |
Kristen A. Richards 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park KS 66202 Age: 38 | Vice President
Secretary
Associate General Counsel | 2000
2000
2000 | 2000
2000
2000 | Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of WRIMCO (2000 to present) and IICO (2002 to present); Vice President, Secretary and Associate General Counsel of each of the funds in the Fund Complex (2000 to present) |
Daniel C. Schulte 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park KS 66202 Age: 40 | Vice President
General Counsel
Assistant Secretary | 2000
2000
2000 | 2000
2000
2000 | Senior Vice President and General Counsel of WDR, Waddell & Reed, WRIMCO and WRSCO (2000 to present); Senior Vice President and General Counsel of IICO (2002 to present); Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary of each of the funds in the Fund Complex (2000 to present) |
Scott J. Schneider 6300 Lamar Avenue Overland Park KS 66202 Age: 38 | Chief Compliance Officer | 2004 | 2004 | Chief Compliance Officer for each of the Funds in the Fund Complex (2004 to present); formerly, Senior Attorney and Compliance Officer for each of the Funds in the Fund Complex (2000 to 2004) |
Committees of the Board of Directors
The Board has established the following standing committees: Audit Committee, Executive Committee and Nominating Committee. In addition, the Board has also established a Special Compliance & Governance Committee and a Special Dilution & Distribution Committee. The respective duties and current memberships of the standing committees are:
Audit Committee. The Audit Committee meets with the Portfolios' independent registered public accounting firm, internal auditors and corporate officers to discuss the scope and results of the annual audit of the Portfolios, to review financial statements, reports, compliance matters, and to discuss such other matters as the Committee deems appropriate or desirable. The Audit Committee acts as a liaison between the Portfolios' independent registered public accounting firm and the full Board of Directors. James M. Concannon (Chair), Linda K. Graves, Joseph Harroz, Jr., John F. Hayes, Glendon E. Johnson, Eleanor B. Schwartz and Frederick Vogel III are the members of the Audit Committee. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Audit Committee met four times.
Executive Committee. When the Board is not in session, the Executive Committee has and may exercise any or all of the powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Portfolios except the power to increase or decrease the size of, or fill vacancies on, the Board, and except as otherwise provided by law. Henry J. Herrmann (Chair), Frank J. Ross, Jr. and John A. Dillingham are the members of the Executive Committee. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Executive Committee did not meet.
Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee evaluates, selects and recommends to the Board candidates for disinterested directors. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders of the Fund. Shareholders should direct the names of candidates they wish to be considered to the attention of the Fund's Nominating Committee, in care of the Fund's Secretary, at the address of the Fund listed on the front page of this SAI. Such nominees will be considered with any other director nominees. Glendon E. Johnson (Chair), James M. Concannon, John A. Dillingham, Linda K. Graves and Eleanor B. Schwartz are the members of the Nominating Committee. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Nominating Committee met three times.
Valuation Committee. The Board no longer has its own Valuation Committee; however, the Board has authorized the creation of an internal committee comprised of persons as may be designated from time to time by WRSCO and includes Henry J. Herrmann as the Board's delegate. This committee is responsible in the first instance for fair valuation and will report all valuations to the Board on a quarterly (or as needed) basis for its review and approval.
The Independent Chair of the Board, Mr. Gardner, is an ex officio member of each committee.
Ownership of Fund Shares
(as of December 31, 2005)
The following table provides information regarding shares of the Portfolios of the Fund owned by each Director, as well as the aggregate dollar range of shares owned, by each Director, of funds within the Advisors Fund Complex.
DISINTERESTED DIRECTORS
Director | Dollar Range of shares Owned* in any of the Portfolios | Aggregate Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned in All Funds within the Advisors Fund Complex |
James M. Concannon | $0 | over $100,000 |
John A. Dillingham | $0 | over $100,000 |
David P. Gardner | $0 | $0 |
Linda K. Graves | $0 | over $100,000 |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. | $0 | $50,001 to $100,000 |
John F. Hayes | $0 | over $100,000 |
Glendon E. Johnson | $0 | over $100,000 |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. | $0 | over $100,000 |
Eleanor B. Schwartz | $0 | $0 |
Frederick Vogel III | $0 | over $100,000 |
INTERESTED DIRECTOR
Director | Dollar Range of shares Owned* in any of the Portfolios | Aggregate Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned in All Funds within the Advisors Fund Complex |
Henry J. Herrmann | $0 | over $100,000 |
The Directors who are not affiliated persons of the Fund have deferred a portion of their annual compensation, and the deferred amounts are deemed invested in shares of funds within the Advisors Fund Complex. The values of these deferred accounts are:
Director | Dollar Range of shares Deemed Owned* in any of the Portfolios | Aggregate Dollar Range of Fund Shares Deemed Owned in All Funds within the Advisors Fund Complex |
James M. Concannon | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
John A. Dillingham | $1 to $10,000 (1) | $10,001 to $50,000 |
David P. Gardner | $10,001 to $50,000 (2) | over $100,000 |
Linda K. Graves | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. | $0 | over $100,000 |
John F. Hayes | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
Glendon E. Johnson | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. | $10,001 to $50,000 (3) | over $100,000 |
Eleanor B. Schwartz | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
Frederick Vogel III | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
*The Portfolios' shares are available for purchase only by Participating Insurance Companies and are indirectly owned by investors in the Policies for which the Portfolios serve as the underlying investment vehicle.
(1) represents deemed ownership in Growth Portfolio
(2) represents deemed ownership in Micro Cap Growth Portfolio
(3) represents deemed ownership of Bond Portfolio in the range of $10,001 to $50,000 and deemed ownership of International Value Portfolio in the range of $10,001 to $50,000
Compensation
The fees paid to the Directors are divided among the funds in the Advisors Fund Complex based on each fund's net assets. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Directors received the following fees for service as a director:
COMPENSATION TABLE
| Aggregate | Total Compensation |
| Compensation | from Fund and |
| From Fund | Advisors Fund Complex1 |
Disinterested Directors:
James M. Concannon | $17,625 | $82,500 |
John A. Dillingham | 17,625 | 82,500 |
David P. Gardner | 17,625 | 82,500 |
Linda K. Graves | 17,625 | 82,500 |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. | 17,625 | 82,500 |
John F. Hayes | 17,625 | 82,500 |
Glendon E. Johnson | 17,625 | 82,500 |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. | 17,625 | 82,500 |
Eleanor B. Schwartz | 17,625 | 82,500 |
Frederick Vogel III | 19,766 | 92,5002 |
Interested Director:
1No pension or retirement benefits have been accrued as a part of Fund expenses.
2Mr. Vogel received an additional annual fee of $10,000 for his services as Lead Disinterested Director of the Fund and of the other funds in the Advisors Fund Complex until August 24, 2005. For his services as Interim Independent Chair of the Board of Directors of the Fund and of the board of directors of each of the other funds in the Advisors Fund Complex from August 24, 2005 through December 31, 2005, Mr. Vogel received a pro rata portion of an additional annual fee of $45,000.
Effective January 1, 2006, Mr. Gardner receives an additional fee of $45,000 for his services as Independent Chair of the Board of Directors of the Fund and of each other fund in the Advisors Fund Complex.
The aggregate compensation from the Fund, as indicated above for each Director, is allocated to each series of the Fund as follows:
| Asset Strategy Portfolio | Balanced Portfolio | Bond Portfolio | Core Equity Portfolio | Dividend Income Portfolio | Global Natural Resources Portfolio |
James M. Concannon | $1,010 | $1,942 | $682 | $2,330 | $81 | $0 |
John A. Dillingham | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
David P. Gardner | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
Linda K. Graves | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
John F. Hayes | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
Glendon E. Johnson | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
Eleanor B. Schwartz | 1,010 | 1,942 | 682 | 2,330 | 81 | 0 |
Frederick Vogel III | 1,134 | 2,176 | 765 | 2,612 | 91 | 0 |
| Growth Portfolio | High Income Portfolio | International Growth Portfolio | International Value Portfolio | Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | Mid Cap Growth Portfolio |
James M. Concannon | $3,899 | $596 | $596 | $1,339 | $246 | $139 | $0 |
John A. Dillingham | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
David P. Gardner | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
Linda K. Graves | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
John F. Hayes | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
Glendon E. Johnson | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
Eleanor B. Schwartz | 3,899 | 596 | 596 | 1,339 | 246 | 139 | 0 |
Frederick Vogel III | 4,371 | 668 | 668 | 1,503 | 276 | 156 | 0 |
| Money Market Portfolio | Mortgage Securities Portfolio | Real Estate Securities Portfolio | Science and Technology Portfolio | Small Cap Growth Portfolio | Small Cap Value Portfolio | Value Portfolio |
James M. Concannon | $170 | $41 | $44 | $1,048 | $1,897 | $448 | $1,117 |
John A. Dillingham | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
David P. Gardner | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
Linda K. Graves | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
John F. Hayes | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
Glendon E. Johnson | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
Eleanor B. Schwartz | 170 | 41 | 44 | 1,048 | 1,897 | 448 | 1,117 |
Frederick Vogel III | 191 | 46 | 50 | 1,175 | 2,127 | 503 | 1,253 |
Of the Total Compensation listed above, the following amounts have been deferred:
James M. Concannon | $7,500 |
John A. Dillingham | 7,500 |
David P. Gardner | 24,500 |
Linda K. Graves | 7,500 |
Joseph Harroz, Jr. | 41,250 |
John F. Hayes | 7,500 |
Glendon E. Johnson | 7,500 |
Frank J. Ross, Jr. | 22,500 |
Eleanor B. Schwartz | 7,500 |
Frederick Vogel III | 7,500 |
The Fund's officers are paid by WRIMCO and its affiliates.
The Board has created an honorary position of Director Emeritus, whereby an incumbent Director who has attained the age of 70 may, or if elected on or after May 31, 1993 and has attained the age of 75 must, resign his or her position as Director and, unless he or she elects otherwise, will serve as Director Emeritus provided the Director has served as a Director of the Fund for at least five years which need not have been consecutive. A Director Emeritus receives an annual fee in an amount equal to the annual retainer he or she was receiving at the time he or she resigned as a Director; however, a Director initially elected to a Board of Directors on or after May 31, 1993, receives such annual fee only for a period of three years commencing upon the date the Director began his or her service as Director Emeritus, or in an equivalent lump sum. A Director Emeritus receives fees in recognition of his or her past services whether or not services are rendered in his or her capacity as Director Emeritus, but he or she has no authority or responsibility with respect to the management of the Portfolios. Messrs. Henry L. Bellmon, Jay B. Dillingham, William T. Morgan, Ronald K. Richey and Paul S. Wise retired as Directors of the Fund and of each of the funds in the Advisors Fund Complex and Ivy Funds, Inc. that were in existence at the time of their retirement, and each serves as Director Emeritus. Each of the current Directors Emeritus was initially elected to a Board of Directors before May 31, 1993.
The fees paid to each Director Emeritus are allocated among the funds that were in existence at the time the Director elected Emeritus status, based on each fund's net assets at that time. The following table shows the fees paid to each Director Emeritus, and the portion of that fee paid by the Fund, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
| | Total |
| | Compensation |
| Compensation | paid to |
Director Emeritus | from Fund | Director Emeritus |
Henry Bellmon | $4,352 | $48,000 |
Jay B. Dillingham | 3,676 | 44,000 |
William T. Morgan | 8,469 | 65,500 |
Ronald K. Richey | 4,620 | 48,000 |
Paul S. Wise | 4,620 | 48,000 |
The compensation paid by the Fund for each Director Emeritus for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 was allocated to each Portfolio as follows:
| Asset Strategy Portfolio | Balanced Portfolio | Bond Portfolio | Core Equity Portfolio | Dividend Income Portfolio | Global Natural Resources Portfolio |
Henry Bellmon | $ 24 | $160 | $232 | $1,457 | $0 | $0 |
Jay B. Dillingham | 24 | 108 | 236 | 1,184 | 0 | 0 |
William T. Morgan | 346 | 473 | 488 | 2,131 | 0 | 0 |
Ronald K. Richey | 28 | 180 | 236 | 1,576 | 0 | 0 |
Paul S. Wise | 28 | 180 | 236 | 1,576 | 0 | 0 |
| Growth Portfolio | High Income Portfolio | International Growth Portfolio | International Value Portfolio | Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | Mid Cap Growth Portfolio |
Henry Bellmon | $1,456 | $280 | $268 | $0 | $12 | $0 | $0 |
Jay B. Dillingham | 1,316 | 248 | 204 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
William T. Morgan | 2,343 | 317 | 448 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 |
Ronald K. Richey | 1,512 | 252 | 320 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Paul S. Wise | 1,512 | 252 | 320 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Money Market Portfolio | Mortgage Securities Portfolio | Real Estate Securities Portfolio | Science and Technology Portfolio | Small Cap Growth Portfolio | Small Cap Value Portfolio | Value Portfolio |
Henry Bellmon | $ 88 | $0 | $0 | $ 24 | $332 | $0 | $ 0 |
Jay B. Dillingham | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248 | 0 | 0 |
William T. Morgan | 222 | 0 | 0 | 587 | 882 | 0 | 180 |
Ronald K. Richey | 108 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 352 | 0 | 0 |
Paul S. Wise | 108 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 352 | 0 | 0 |
Code of Ethics
The Fund, WRIMCO and Waddell & Reed have adopted a Code of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act that permits their respective directors, officers and employees to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by a Portfolio. The Code of Ethics subjects covered personnel to certain restrictions that include prohibited activities, pre-clearance requirements and reporting obligations.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
The following table sets forth information with respect to the Fund, as of March 31, 2006, regarding the beneficial ownership of Fund shares.
| | | Shares owned | |
Name and Address | | | Beneficially | |
of Beneficial Owner | Class | or of Record | Percent |
------------------- | ----- | ------------ | ------- |
| | | | |
Minnesota Life Insurance Co | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 2,614,107 | 5.26% |
Individual Annuities | Balanced Portfolio | 22,450,663 | 31.84% |
400 Robert St N | Core Equity Portfolio | 833,449 | 1.31% |
Saint Paul MN 55101-2015 | Global Natural Resources | | |
| | Portfolio | 570,649 | 8.03% |
| Growth Portfolio | 19,302,108 | 14.76% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 619,619 | 2.26% |
| International Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 9,677,744 | 40.73% |
| Micro Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,024,805 | 33.43% |
| Mid Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 30,555 | 1.00% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 361,285 | 1.71% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 7,352,119 | 12.95% |
| Small Cap Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 3,621,884 | 31.36% |
| Value Portfolio | 9,876,959 | 17.78% |
| | | | |
Minnesota Life Insurance Co | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 550,492 | 1.11% |
Individual Life | Balanced Portfolio | 18,155,118 | 25.74% |
400 Robert St N | Core Equity Portfolio | 968,187 | 1.53% |
Saint Paul MN 55101-2015 | Growth Portfolio | 19,598,705 | 14.98% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 477,796 | 1.74% |
| International Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 8,638,580 | 36.36% |
| Micro Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,184,936 | 38.65% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 9,342,710 | 16.46% |
| Small Cap Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 3,673,415 | 31.81% |
| Value Portfolio | 11,816,198 | 21.27% |
| | | | |
Minnesota Life Insurance Co | Balanced Portfolio | 1,072,707 | 1.52% |
Group Life | International Value | | |
400 Robert St N | | Portfolio | 3,081,361 | 12.97% |
Saint Paul MN 55101-2015 | Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,549,098 | 2.73% |
| Small Cap Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 2,180,833 | 18.89% |
| | | | |
Minnesota Life WRVA | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 1,459,740 | 2.94% |
400 Robert St N | Bond Portfolio | 1,593,683 | 4.05% |
Saint Paul MN 55101-2015 | Dividend Income Portfolio | 964,491 | 12.15% |
| Global Natural Resources | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,046,974 | 14.73% |
| Growth Portfolio | 2,203,385 | 1.68% |
| High Income Portfolio | 3,752,618 | 6.67% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 878,713 | 3.20% |
| International Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 545,897 | 2.30% |
| Limited-Term Bond | | |
| | Portfolio | 460,129 | 3.46% |
| Micro Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 234,325 | 7.64% |
| Mid Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 838,860 | 27.46% |
| Money Market | | |
| | Portfolio | 2,161,611 | 4.36% |
| Mortgage Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 3,352,190 | 57.57% |
| Real Estate Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,064,841 | 22.09% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 683,254 | 3.23% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 869,694 | 1.53% |
| Small Cap Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 593,740 | 5.14% |
| Value Portfolio | 2,757,904 | 4.96% |
| | | | |
Nationwide Insurance Company | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 6,018,584 | 12.11% |
NWVA-D | Balanced Portfolio | 3,470,822 | 4.92% |
c/o IPO Portfolio Accounting | Bond Portfolio | 5,812,435 | 14.77% |
P O Box 182029 | Core Equity Portfolio | 6,825,177 | 10.76% |
Columbus OH 43218-2029 | Dividend Income Portfolio | 688,469 | 8.67% |
| Global Natural Resources | | |
| | Portfolio | 850,377 | 11.96% |
| Growth Portfolio | 9,851,658 | 7.53% |
| High Income Portfolio | 7,192,470 | 12.79% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 2,243,962 | 8.18% |
| Limited-Term Bond | | |
| | Portfolio | 2,479,356 | 18.63% |
| Micro Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 74,683 | 2.44% |
| Mid Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 270,357 | 8.85% |
| Money Market Portfolio | 7,442,894 | 15.00% |
| Mortgage Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 347,773 | 5.97% |
| Real Estate Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 478,117 | 9.92% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 2,097,432 | 9.91% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 3,987,639 | 7.03% |
| Small Cap Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 131,414 | 1.14% |
| Value Portfolio | 4,650,775 | 8.37% |
| | | | |
Nationwide Insurance Company | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 1,409,098 | 2.84% |
NWVLI-5 | Bond Portfolio | 871,908 | 2.22% |
c/o IPO Portfolio Accounting | Core Equity Portfolio | 1,212,959 | 1.91% |
P O Box 182029 | Dividend Income Portfolio | 180,577 | 2.27% |
Columbus OH 43218-2029 | Global Natural Resources | | |
| | Portfolio | 142,941 | 2.01% |
| Growth Portfolio | 2,006,567 | 1.53% |
| High Income Portfolio | 1,437,394 | 2.56% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 499,268 | 1.82% |
| Limited-Term Bond | | |
| | Portfolio | 262,793 | 1.97% |
| Micro Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 35,698 | 1.16% |
| Mid Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 70,592 | 2.31% |
| Money Market Portfolio | 1,390,801 | 2.80% |
| Mortgage Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 85,694 | 1.47% |
| Real Estate Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 126,023 | 2.61% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 617,488 | 2.92% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,005,197 | 1.77% |
| Value Portfolio | 1,204,492 | 2.17% |
| | | | |
Nationwide Insurance Company | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 22,216,431 | 44.71% |
NWVA-9 | Balanced Portfolio | 12,083,869 | 17.14% |
c/o IPO Portfolio Accounting | Bond Portfolio | 17,599,917 | 44.72% |
P O Box 182029 | Core Equity Portfolio | 21,807,214 | 34.38% |
Columbus OH 43218-2029 | Dividend Income Portfolio | 3,154,025 | 39.73% |
| Global Natural Resources | | |
| | Portfolio | 3,683,272 | 51.81% |
| Growth Portfolio | 31,334,024 | 23.96% |
| High Income Portfolio | 23,623,986 | 42.02% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 8,837,679 | 32.21% |
| International Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,177,393 | 4.96% |
| Limited-Term Bond | | |
| | Portfolio | 7,358,244 | 55.28% |
| Micro Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 294,049 | 9.59% |
| Mid Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 994,105 | 32.54% |
| Money Market Portfolio | 22,241,741 | 44.82% |
| Mortgage Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,327,468 | 22.80% |
| Real Estate Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 2,313,491 | 47.98% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 7,482,393 | 35.36% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 14,355,898 | 25.29% |
| Small Cap Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 783,249 | 6.78% |
| Value Portfolio | 20,853,879 | 37.54% |
| | | | |
Nationwide Insurance Company | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 4,699,134 | 9.46% |
NWVA-12 | Balanced Portfolio | 1,881,286 | 2.67% |
c/o IPO Portfolio Accounting | Bond Portfolio | 2,127,834 | 5.41% |
P O Box 182029 | Core Equity Portfolio | 2,226,107 | 3.51% |
Columbus OH 43218-2029 | Dividend Income Portfolio | 2,950,609 | 37.17% |
| Global Natural Resources | | |
| | Portfolio | 815,455 | 11.47% |
| Growth Portfolio | 4,543,263 | 3.47% |
| High Income Portfolio | 2,980,131 | 5.30% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 856,944 | 3.12% |
| International Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 364,944 | 1.54% |
| Limited-Term Bond | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,104,557 | 8.30% |
| Micro Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 211,272 | 6.89% |
| Mid Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 850,651 | 27.84% |
| Money Market Portfolio | 3,257,242 | 6.56% |
| Mortgage Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 709,551 | 12.19% |
| Real Estate Securities | | |
| | Portfolio | 838,603 | 17.39% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 861,964 | 4.07% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 913,270 | 1.61% |
| Small Cap Value | | |
| | Portfolio | 481,500 | 4.17% |
| Value Portfolio | 4,349,917 | 7.83% |
| | | | |
United Investors Life | Bond Portfolio | 437,507 | 1.11% |
Advantage I | Core Equity Portfolio | 813,792 | 1.28% |
P O Box 10287 | Growth Portfolio | 1,533,340 | 1.17% |
Birmingham AL 35202-0287 | High Income Portfolio | 733,739 | 1.31% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 465,492 | 1.70% |
| | | | |
United Investors Life | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 7,540,171 | 15.18% |
Advantage II | Balanced Portfolio | 7,679,747 | 10.89% |
P O Box 10287 | Bond Portfolio | 8,456,699 | 24.03% |
Birmingham AL 35202-0287 | Core Equity Portfolio | 23,158,472 | 36.52% |
| Growth Portfolio | 33,379,940 | 25.52% |
| High Income Portfolio | 14,238,906 | 25.33% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 9,970,415 | 36.34% |
| Limited-Term Bond | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,283,369 | 9.64% |
| Money Market Portfolio | 10,420,072 | 21.00% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 6,137,373 | 29.00% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 13,143,692 | 23.16% |
| | | | |
United Investors Life | Asset Strategy Portfolio | 2,448,665 | 4.93% |
Advantage Gold | Balanced Portfolio | 1,846,805 | 2.62% |
P O Box 10287 | Bond Portfolio | 1,058,218 | 2.69% |
Birmingham AL 35202-0287 | Core Equity Portfolio | 3,152,388 | 4.97% |
| Growth Portfolio | 3,842,774 | 2.94% |
| High Income Portfolio | 1,536,648 | 2.73% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,293,470 | 4.71% |
| Limited-Term Bond | | |
| | Portfolio | 253,672 | 1.91% |
| Money Market Portfolio | 1,662,740 | 3.35% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,386,219 | 6.55% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 2,112,338 | 3.72% |
| | | | |
United Investors Life | Bond Portfolio | 400,402 | 1.02% |
Variable Universal Life (Plus) | Core Equity Portfolio | 1,838,412 | 2.90% |
P O Box 10287 | Growth Portfolio | 2,716,907 | 2.08% |
Birmingham AL 35202-0287 | High Income Portfolio | 726,054 | 1.29% |
| International Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,295,913 | 4.72% |
| Money Market Portfolio | 800,599 | 1.61% |
| Science and Technology | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,249,790 | 5.91% |
| Small Cap Growth | | |
| | Portfolio | 1,597,671 | 2.81% |
As of March 31, 2006, all of the Directors and officers of the Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
The Management Agreement
The Fund has an Investment Management Agreement with WRIMCO, with respect to Asset Strategy Portfolio, Balanced Portfolio, Bond Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio, Dividend Income Portfolio, Energy Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, High Income Portfolio, International Growth Portfolio, Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, Mid Cap Growth Portfolio, Money Market Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio, Small Cap Growth Portfolio and Value Portfolio, a separate Investment Management Agreement with respect to International Value Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio, and a separate Investment Management Agreement with respect to Global Natural Resources Portfolio, Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio (collectively, the Management Agreements). Under the Management Agreements, WRIMCO is employed to supervise the investments of the Portfolios and provide investment advice to the Portfolios. The Management Agreements obligate WRIMCO to make investments for the ac counts of the Portfolios in accordance with its best judgment and within the investment objectives and restrictions set forth in the Prospectus, the 1940 Act and the provisions of the Code relating to RICs, subject to policy decisions adopted by the Board. WRIMCO also determines the securities to be purchased or sold by each Portfolio and places the orders (except to the extent those services are provided by the Portfolio's investment subadvisor). The Management Agreements with respect to International Value Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio and Small Cap Value Portfolio and with respect to Global Natural Resources Portfolio, Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio also authorize WRIMCO to appoint one or more qualified investment subadvisors to provide these Portfolios with certain services required by the Management Agreement.
WRIMCO is a wholly owned subsidiary of Waddell & Reed. Waddell & Reed is a wholly owned subsidiary of Waddell & Reed Financial Services, Inc., a holding company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of WDR, a publicly held company. The address of these companies is 6300 Lamar Avenue, P.O. Box 29217, Shawnee Mission, Kansas 66201-9217.
WRIMCO and/or its predecessor have served as investment manager to each of the registered investment companies in the Advisors Fund Complex since each company's inception. WRIMCO had also served as investment manager for the funds in Ivy Funds, Inc. until June 30, 2003. Effective June 30, 2003, WRIMCO assigned its Investment Management Agreement with Ivy Funds, Inc. to Ivy Investment Management Company (IICO) (until March 7, 2005, known as Waddell & Reed Ivy Investment Company), an affiliate of WRIMCO. Waddell & Reed serves as principal underwriter and distributor for each of the investment companies in the Waddell & Reed Advisors Funds and Waddell & Reed InvestEd Portfolios, Inc., and acts as principal underwriter and distributor for Policies for which the Fund is the underlying investment vehicle. Waddell & Reed had also served as the principal underwriter and distributor for Ivy Funds, Inc. until June 16, 2003. Effective June 16, 2003, Waddell & Reed assigned the Principal Under writing Agreement with Ivy Funds, Inc. to Ivy Funds Distributor, Inc., an affiliate of Waddell & Reed.
The Management Agreements were renewed by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the Disinterested Directors, at the meeting held August 24, 2005, and each will continue in effect for the period from October 1, 2005, through September 30, 2006, unless sooner terminated. Each Management Agreement provides that it may be renewed year to year as to each affected Portfolio.
Subadvisory Agreements
Advantus Capital Management, Inc. (Advantus Capital), an SEC-registered investment advisor located at 400 Robert Street North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101, has been retained under an investment subadvisory agreement to provide investment advice for and, in general, conduct the investment management program of Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio, subject to the general control of the Board of Directors of the Fund. Advantus Capital had approximately $16.4 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2005.
Advantus Capital acts as investment subadvisor to Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio under an Investment Subadvisory Agreement (the Advantus Capital Agreement) with WRIMCO, which was renewed by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the Disinterested Directors, at a meeting held August 24, 2005 and executed with Advantus Capital. The Advantus Capital Agreement will continue in effect through September 30, 2006, unless sooner terminated.
The Advantus Capital Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment or upon the termination of the Management Agreement. In addition, the Advantus Capital Agreement is terminable at any time, without penalty, by the Board of Directors of the Fund or by WRIMCO on 60 days' written notice to Advantus Capital, or by Advantus Capital on 60 days' written notice to WRIMCO. Unless sooner terminated, the Advantus Capital Agreement shall continue in effect from year to year if approved at least annually by the Board of Directors of the Fund, provided that such continuance is also approved by the vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons of any party to the Advantus Capital Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
For its services, Advantus Capital receives fees from WRIMCO, such fees accrued daily and payable in arrears on the last day of each calendar month, pursuant to the following schedule:
Fund Name | Annual Fee Payable to Advantus Capital as a |
| Percentage of the Fund's Average Net Assets |
Mortgage Securities Portfolio | 0.30% |
Real Estate Securities Portfolio | 0.55% |
BlackRock Financial Management, Inc. (BlackRock), a Delaware corporation with offices at 40 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022, has been retained under an investment subadvisory agreement to provide investment advice for and, in general, conduct the investment management program of Small Cap Value Portfolio, subject to the general control of the Board of Directors of the Fund. BlackRock is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., which trades on the NYSE under the symbol BLK. Approximately 14% of BlackRock, Inc.'s stock is held by the public, while employees own 16% and a subsidiary of The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. ("PNC") holds 70%. PNC, headquartered in Pittsburgh, is one of the nation's largest diversified financial services organizations providing regional banking, corporate banking, real estate finance, asset-based lending, wealth management, asset management and global fund services. Together with its affiliates, BlackRock serves as investment adviser to f ixed income, equity and liquidity investors in the United States and overseas through fund and institutional accounts with combined total assets as of December 31, 2005, of approximately $452 billion.
BlackRock acts as investment subadvisor to Small Cap Value Portfolio under an Investment Subadvisory Agreement (the BlackRock Agreement) with WRIMCO, which was renewed by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the Disinterested Directors, at a meeting held August 24, 2005. The BlackRock Agreement will continue in effect through September 30, 2006, unless sooner terminated.
The BlackRock Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment or upon the termination of the Management Agreement. In addition, the BlackRock Agreement is terminable at any time, without penalty, by the Board of Directors of the Fund or by WRIMCO on 60 days' written notice to BlackRock, or by BlackRock on 60 days' written notice to WRIMCO. Unless sooner terminated, the BlackRock Agreement shall continue in effect from year to year if approved at least annually by the Board of Directors of the Fund, provided that such continuance is also approved by the vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons of any party to the BlackRock Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
From the management fee received with respect to Small Cap Value Portfolio, WRIMCO pays to BlackRock a subadvisory fee computed at an annual rate, which is a percentage of the average daily net assets of Small Cap Value Portfolio, as follows: 0.50% of net assets. The subadvisory fee is accrued daily and payable in arrears on the last day of each calendar month.
Mackenzie Financial Corporation (MFC) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of IGM Financial Inc. MFC, with offices at 150 Bloor Street West, Suite 400, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B5, is a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario. MFC is registered in Ontario as a mutual fund dealer and also registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. MFC has been retained under an investment subadvisory agreement to provide investment advice for and, in general, conduct the investment management program of Global Natural Resources Portfolio, subject to the general control of the Board of Directors of the Fund. MFC had approximately $49.9 billion Canadian in assets under management as of December 31, 2005.
MFC acts as investment subadvisor to Global Natural Resources Portfolio under an Investment Subadvisory Agreement (the MFC Agreement) with WRIMCO, which was renewed by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the Disinterested Directors, at a meeting held August 24, 2005. The MFC Agreement will continue in effect through September 30, 2006, unless sooner terminated.
From the management fee received with respect to Global Natural Resources Portfolio, WRIMCO pays to MFC a subadvisory fee computed at an annual rate, accrued daily and payable in arrears on the last day of each calendar month, pursuant to the following schedule:
| Fee Payable to MFC as a Percentage of |
Net Portfolio Assets | the Portfolio's Average Net Assets |
Up to $500 million | 0.500% |
Over $500 million and up to $1 billion | 0.425% |
Over $1 billion and up to $2 billion | 0.415% |
Over $2 billion and up to $3 billion | 0.400% |
Over $3 billion | 0.380% |
Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC (Templeton Counsel), a Delaware limited liability company with principal offices at 500 East Broward Boulevard, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33394, has been retained under an investment subadvisory agreement to provide investment advice for and, in general, conduct the investment management program of International Value Portfolio, subject to the general control of the Board of Directors of the Fund. Templeton Counsel is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Templeton Worldwide, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Florida, which in turn is a wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. Templeton Counsel had approximately $179 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2005.
Templeton Counsel acts as investment subadvisor to International Value Portfolio under an Investment Subadvisory Agreement (the Templeton Agreement) with WRIMCO, which was renewed by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the Disinterested Directors, at a meeting held August 24, 2005. The Templeton Agreement will continue in effect through September 30, 2006, unless sooner terminated.
The Templeton Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment or upon the termination of the Management Agreement. In addition, the Templeton Agreement is terminable at any time, without penalty, by the Board of Directors of the Fund or by WRIMCO on 60 days' written notice to Templeton Counsel, or by Templeton Counsel on 60 days' written notice to WRIMCO. Unless sooner terminated, the Templeton Agreement shall continue in effect from year to year if approved at least annually by the Board of Directors of the Fund, provided that such continuance is also approved by the vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons of any party to the Templeton Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
From the management fee received with respect to International Value Portfolio, WRIMCO pays to Templeton Counsel a subadvisory fee computed at an annual rate, which is a percentage of the average daily net assets of International Value Portfolio, as follows: 0.50% of net assets up to $100 million, 0.35% of net assets over $100 million and up to $200 million, 0.30% of net assets over $200 million and up to $450 million, and 0.25% of net assets over $450 million. The subadvisory fee is accrued daily and payable in arrears on the last day of each calendar month.
Wall Street Associates (WSA), a California corporation with principal offices at La Jolla Financial Building, Suite 100, 1200 Prospect Street, La Jolla, California 92037, has been retained under an investment subadvisory agreement to provide investment advice for and, in general, conduct the investment management program of Micro Cap Growth Portfolio, subject to the general control of the Board of Directors of the Fund. WSA, founded in 1987, provides investment advisory services for institutional clients and high net worth individuals. WSA had approximately $2.4 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2005.
WSA acts as investment subadvisor to Micro Cap Growth Portfolio under an Investment Subadvisory Agreement (the WSA Agreement) with WRIMCO, which was renewed by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the Disinterested Directors, at a meeting held August 24, 2005. The WSA Agreement will continue in effect through September 30, 2006, unless sooner terminated.
The WSA Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment or upon the termination of the Management Agreement. In addition, the WSA Agreement is terminable at any time, without penalty, by the Board of Directors of the Fund or by WRIMCO on 60 days' written notice to WSA, or by WSA on 60 days' written notice to WRIMCO. Unless sooner terminated, the WSA Agreement shall continue in effect from year to year if approved at least annually by the Board of Directors of the Fund, provided that such continuance is also approved by the vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons of any party to the WSA Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
From the management fee received with respect to Micro Cap Growth Portfolio, WRIMCO pays to WSA a subadvisory fee computed at an annual rate, which is a percentage of the average daily net assets of Micro Cap Growth Portfolio, as follows: 0.50% of net assets. The subadvisory fee is accrued daily and payable in arrears on the last day of each calendar month.
Each Management Agreement permits WRIMCO, or an affiliate of WRIMCO, to enter into a separate agreement for transfer agency services (the Transfer Agency Agreement) and a separate agreement for accounting services (the Accounting Services Agreement) with the Fund. Each Management Agreement contains detailed provisions as to the matters to be considered by the Board of Directors prior to approving any Transfer Agency Agreement or Accounting Services Agreement.
Transfer Agency Services
Under the Transfer Agency Agreement entered into between the Fund and Waddell & Reed Services Company (WRSCO), a subsidiary of Waddell & Reed, WRSCO performs transfer agency functions, including the maintenance of shareholder accounts which are the separate accounts of the Participating Insurance Companies, the issuance, transfer and redemption of shares, distribution of dividends and payment of redemptions, and the furnishing of related information to the Fund. A new Transfer Agency Agreement, or amendments to the existing one, may be approved by the Board of Directors without shareholder approval.
Accounting Services
Under the Accounting Services Agreement entered into between the Fund and WRSCO, WRSCO provides the Fund with bookkeeping and accounting services and assistance including maintenance of the Fund's records, pricing of the Portfolios' shares, preparation of prospectuses for existing shareholders, preparation of proxy statements and certain shareholder reports. A new Accounting Services Agreement, or amendments to the existing one, may be approved by the Fund's Board of Directors without shareholder approval.
Payments by the Fund for Management and Accounting Services
Under the Management Agreements, for WRIMCO's management services, the Fund pays WRIMCO the fees as described in the Prospectus. The management fees paid to WRIMCO, during the last three fiscal years for each Portfolio then in existence were as follows:
Periods ended December 31,
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 |
Asset Strategy Portfolio | $ 2,321,474 | $ 1,710,630 | $ 1,370,703 |
Balanced Portfolio | 4,192,238 | 4,266,960 | 2,037,407 |
Bond Portfolio | 1,127,733 | 1,174,419 | 1,325,101 |
Core Equity Portfolio | 5,048,240 | 5,008,896 | 4,621,514 |
Dividend Income Portfolio | 206,248 | 35,137 | NA |
Global Natural Resources | 95,686 | NA | NA |
Growth Portfolio | 8,373,937 | 8,597,576 | 6,081,291 |
High Income Portfolio | 1,180,627 | 1,086,442 | 905,941 |
International Growth Portfolio | 1,580,890 | 1,474,854 | 1,183,709 |
International Value Portfolio* | 3,620,974 | 2,935,178 | 1,725,274 |
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | 383,690 | 380,242 | 349,042 |
Micro Cap Growth Portfolio* | 421,159 | 379,121 | 290,660 |
Mid Cap Growth Portfolio | 35,057 | NA | NA |
Money Market Portfolio | 204,091 | 223,887 | 357,482 |
Mortgage Securities Portfolio | 129,458 | 49,983 | NA |
Real Estate Securities Portfolio | 253,493 | 47,919 | NA |
Science and Technology Portfolio | 2,806,443 | 2,435,705 | 1,841,819 |
Small Cap Growth Portfolio | 5,026,233 | 4,704,270 | 3,019,517 |
Small Cap Value Portfolio* | 1,232,596 | 897,572 | 503,681 |
Value Portfolio | 2,453,076 | 2,077,399 | 895,591 |
*Prior to September 22, 2003, the management fee was paid to Advantus Capital, the investment manager for the predecessor funds.
The Fund accrues and pays this fee daily.
Under the Accounting Services Agreement, each Portfolio pays WRSCO, effective July 1, 2003, a monthly fee shown in the following table, based on the average daily net assets during the prior month.
Accounting Services Fee |
|
Average Daily Net Assets for the Month | Monthly Fee | |
| $ | 0 | - | $ | 10 | million | $ | 0 | | |
| $ | 10 | - | $ | 25 | million | $ | 958 | | |
| $ | 25 | - | $ | 50 | million | $ | 1,925 | | |
| $ | 50 | - | $ | 100 | million | $ | 2,958 | | |
| $ | 100 | - | $ | 200 | million | $ | 4,033 | | |
| $ | 200 | - | $ | 350 | million | $ | 5,267 | | |
| $ | 350 | - | $ | 550 | million | $ | 6,875 | | |
| $ | 550 | - | $ | 750 | million | $ | 8,025 | | |
| $ | 750 | - | $ | 1.0 | billion | $ | 10,133 | | |
| $ | 1.0 billion and over | $ | 12,375 | | |
In addition, for each class of shares in excess of one, each Portfolio would pay WRSCO a monthly per-class fee equal to 2.5% of the monthly base fee.
Each Portfolio also pays monthly a fee paid at the annual rate of 0.01% or one basis point for the first $1 billion of assets with no fee charges for assets in excess of $1 billion. This fee may be voluntarily waived until Portfolio assets are at least $10 million.
Prior to July 1, 2003, each Portfolio paid to WRSCO a monthly fee shown in the following table, based on the average daily net assets during the prior month.
Average Daily Net Assets for the Month (in millions) | Monthly Fee |
| $ | 0 | to | $ | 10 | | $ | 0 | |
| $ | 10 | to | $ | 25 | | $ | 917 | |
| $ | 25 | to | $ | 50 | | $ | 1,833 | |
| $ | 50 | to | $ | 100 | | $ | 2,750 | |
| $ | 100 | to | $ | 200 | | $ | 3,666 | |
| $ | 200 | to | $ | 350 | | $ | 4,583 | |
| $ | 350 | to | $ | 550 | | $ | 5,500 | |
| $ | 550 | to | $ | 750 | | $ | 6,417 | |
| $ | 750 | to | $ | 1,000 | | $ | 7,792 | |
| $ | 1,000 and over | $ | 9,167 | |
In addition, for each class of shares in excess of one, each Portfolio paid WRSCO a monthly per-class fee equal to 2.5% of the monthly base fee.
Fees paid to WRSCO for the last three fiscal years for each Portfolio then in existence were as follows:
Periods ended December 31,
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 |
Asset Strategy Portfolio | $ 102,526 | $87,765 | $ 62,762 |
Balanced Portfolio | 156,088 | 157,461 | 79,827 |
Bond Portfolio | 84,686 | 85,578 | 71,372 |
Core Equity Portfolio | 168,202 | 168,146 | 120,973 |
Dividend Income Portfolio | 22,156 | 3,205 | NA |
Global Natural Resources Portfolio | 6,574 | NA | NA |
Growth Portfolio | 248,506 | 248,933 | 153,314 |
High Income Portfolio | 67,313 | 65,860 | 53,866 |
International Growth Portfolio | 68,118 | 65,937 | 53,470 |
International Value Portfolio | 125,017 | 100,978 | 56,261 |
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | 43,167 | 43,108 | 37,062 |
Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | 29,577 | 26,881 | 34,582 |
Mid Cap Growth Portfolio | 1,063 | NA | NA |
Money Market Portfolio | 36,463 | 38,991 | 41,816 |
Mortgage Securities Portfolio | 21,819 | 7,710 | NA |
Real Estate Securities Portfolio | 23,014 | 2,167 | NA |
Science and Technology Portfolio | 99,262 | 91,913 | 67,347 |
Small Cap Growth Portfolio | 155,284 | 146,026 | 87,077 |
Small Cap Value Portfolio | 62,841 | 53,169 | 40,253 |
Value Portfolio | 107,844 | 92,883 | 51,093 |
Since the Fund pays a management fee for investment supervision and an accounting services fee for accounting services as discussed above, WRIMCO and WRSCO, respectively, pay all of their own expenses in providing these services. Waddell & Reed and affiliates pay the Fund's Directors and officers who are affiliated with WRIMCO and Waddell & Reed. The Fund pays the fees and expenses of the Fund's other Directors. The Fund pays all of its other expenses. These include the costs of printing and mailing materials sent to shareholders, audit and outside legal fees, taxes, brokerage commissions, interest, insurance premiums, fees payable under securities laws and to the Investment Company Institute, cost of processing and maintaining shareholder records, cost of systems or services used to price Portfolio securities and nonrecurring and extraordinary expenses, including litigation and indemnification relating to litigation.
Service Plan
Under a Service Plan (Plan) adopted by the Fund pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, each Portfolio may pay Waddell & Reed a fee not to exceed .25% of the Portfolio's average annual net assets, paid daily, to compensate Waddell & Reed and unaffiliated third parties for costs and expenses in connection with the provision of personal services to Policyowners.
The Plan permits Waddell & Reed to be compensated for amounts it expends in compensating, training and supporting registered financial advisors, sales managers and/or other appropriate personnel in providing personal services to Policyowners and/or maintenance of Policyowner accounts; increasing services provided to Policyowners by office personnel; engaging in other activities useful in providing personal service to Policyowners; and in compensating broker-dealers who may regularly sell Policies, and other third parties, for providing shareholder services and/or maintenance of Policyowner accounts.
The only Directors or interested persons, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund who have a direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan are the officers and Directors who are also officers of either Waddell & Reed or its affiliate(s) or who are shareholders of Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc., the indirect parent company of Waddell & Reed. The Plan is anticipated to benefit each Portfolio and the Policyholders through Waddell & Reed's activities to provide directly, or indirectly, personal services to the Policyholders and thereby promote the maintenance of their accounts with the Fund. The Fund anticipates that Policyholders may benefit to the extent that Waddell & Reed's activities are successful in increasing the assets of the Fund through reduced redemptions and reducing a Policyholder's share of Fund and Portfolio expenses. In addition, the Fund anticipates that the revenues from the Plan will provide Waddell & Reed with greater resources to make the f inancial commitments necessary to continue to improve the quality and level of services to the Fund and Policyholders.
The Plan was approved by the Fund's Board of Directors, including the Directors who are not interested persons of the Fund and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Plan or any agreement referred to in the Plan (hereafter, Plan Directors). The Plan was also approved as to each Portfolio by the shareholders of the Portfolio.
Among other things, the Plan provides that (1) Waddell & Reed will provide to the Directors of the Fund at least quarterly, and the Directors will review, a report of amounts expended under the Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made, (2) the Plan will continue in effect only so long as it is approved at least annually, and any material amendments thereto will be effective only if approved, by the Directors including the Plan Directors acting in person at a meeting called for that purpose, (3) amounts to be paid by a Portfolio under the Plan may not be materially increased without the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio, and (4) while the Plan remains in effect, the selection and nomination of the Directors who are Plan Directors will be committed to the discretion of the Plan Directors. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, each Portfolio paid the following amount under the Plan:
Asset Strategy Portfolio | $ 829,120 |
Balanced Portfolio | 1,497,229 |
Bond Portfolio | 537,017 |
Core Equity Portfolio | 1,802,943 |
Dividend Income Portfolio | 73,626 |
Global Natural Resources Portfolio | 23,929 |
Growth Portfolio | 3,028,445 |
High Income Portfolio | 472,252 |
International Growth Portfolio | 464,969 |
International Value Portfolio | 1,065,001 |
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | 191,846 |
Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | 110,834 |
Mid Cap Growth Portfolio | 10,357 |
Money Market Portfolio | 127,557 |
Mortgage Securities Portfolio | 64,689 |
Real Estate Securities Portfolio | 70,419 |
Science and Technology Portfolio | 825,429 |
Small Cap Growth Portfolio | 1,478,307 |
Small Cap Value Portfolio | 362,532 |
Value Portfolio | 876,100 |
Custodial and Auditing Services
The Portfolios' custodian is UMB Bank, n.a., and its address is 928 Grand Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri. In general, the custodian is responsible for holding the Portfolios' cash and securities. Deloitte & Touche LLP, located at 1100 Walnut, Suite 3300, Kansas City, Missouri, the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Portfolios' financial statements.
Portfolio Managers
Portfolio Managers employed by WRIMCO
The following tables provide information relating to the portfolio managers of the Portfolios as of December 31, 2005:
Michael L. Avery -- Asset Strategy Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $2,041 | $0 | $0 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
James Cusser -- Bond Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 0 | 8 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $1,119 | $0 | $0.897 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
David Ginther -- Dividend Income Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $451 | $0 | $0 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Kenneth McQuade -- Small Cap Growth Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $0 | $0 | |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Thomas Mengel -- International Growth Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $450 | | |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
William Nelson -- High Income Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $185.9 | $0 | $0 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Matthew Norris -- Value Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $1,012 | $0 | $0.065 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Cynthia Prince-Fox --Balanced Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $1,182 | $0 | $66.2 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Philip Sanders -- Growth Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 2 | 9 | 40 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $1,405 | $507 | $2,355 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Kimberly Scott -- Mid Cap Growth Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $1,487 | $0 | $0.288 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Zachary Shafran -- Science and Technology Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 0 | 6 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $3,169 | $0 | $1.985 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Patrick Sterner -- Limited-Term Bond Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 0 | 26 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $295.2 | $0 | $568 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Mira Stevovich -- Money Market Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 4 | 0 | 1 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $757 | $0 | |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Daniel Vrabac -- Asset Strategy Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 7 | 3 | 1 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $2,299 | $98.6 | $0.041 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
James Wineland -- Core Equity Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 1 | 17 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $5,065 | $141 | $553 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Conflicts of Interest
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or account, such as the following:
- The management of multiple funds and/or other accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each fund and/or other account. WRIMCO seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having a portfolio manager focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment models that are used in connection with the management of the funds.
- The portfolio manager might execute transactions for another fund or account that may adversely impact the value of securities held by the fund. Securities selected for funds or accounts other than the fund might outperform the securities selected for the fund. WRIMCO seeks to manage this potential conflict by requiring all portfolio transactions to be allocated pursuant to WRIMCO's adopted Allocation Procedures.
WRIMCO and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures, including the Code of Ethics, which are designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Compensation
WRIMCO believes that integral to the retention of investment professionals are: a) a competitive base salary, that is commensurate with the individual's level of experience and responsibility; b) an attractive bonus structure linked to investment performance, described below; c) eligibility for a stock incentive plan in shares of WDR that rewards teamwork; and d) paying for the cost of a leased automobile. Awards of equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create an incentive to retain key talent; and e) to the extent a portfolio manager also manages institutional separate accounts, he or she will share in a percentage of the revenues earned, on behalf of such accounts, by WRIMCO.
Portfolio managers can receive significant annual performance-based bonuses. The better the pre-tax performance of the portfolio relative to an appropriate benchmark, the more bonus compensation the manager receives. The primary benchmark is their percentile ranking against the performance of managers of the same investment style at other firms. The secondary benchmark is an index of securities matched to the same investment style. Half of their bonuses is based upon a three-year period and half is based upon a one year period. For truly exceptional results, bonuses can be multiples of base salary. In cases where portfolio managers have more than one portfolio to manage, all the portfolios are similar in investment style and all are taken into account in determining bonuses. Thirty percent of annual performance-based bonuses are deferred for a three-year period. During that time, the deferred portion of bonuses are invested in mutual funds managed by WRIMCO (or its affiliate), with a minimum of 50% of the deferred bonus required to be invested in a mutual fund managed by the portfolio manager. In addition to the deferred portion of bonuses being invested in mutual funds managed by WRIMCO (or its affiliate), WDR's 401(k) plan offers mutual funds managed by WRIMCO (or its affiliate) as investment options. No bonus compensation is based upon the amount of the mutual fund assets under management.
Ownership of Securities
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by the portfolio managers was:
Manager | Portfolio Managed in the W&R Target Funds | Dollar Range of Shares Owned* in Portfolio Managed | Dollar Range of Shares Owned in Funds in Fund Complex |
Michael Avery | Asset Strategy | $0 | over $100,000 |
James Cusser | Bond | $0 | over $100,000 |
David Ginther | Dividend Income | $0 | over $100,000 |
Kenneth McQuade | Small Cap Growth | $0 | over $100,000 |
Thomas Mengel | International Growth | $0 | over $100,000 |
William Nelson | High Income | $0 | over $100,000 |
Matthew Norris | Value | $0 | over $100,000 |
Cynthia Prince-Fox | Balanced | $0 | over $100,000 |
Philip Sanders | Growth | $0 | over $100,000 |
Kimberly Scott | Mid Cap Growth | $0 | over $100,000 |
Zachary Shafran | Science and Technology | $0 | over $100,000 |
Patrick Sterner | Limited-Term Bond | $0 | over $100,000 |
Mira Stevovich | Money Market | $0 | over $100,000 |
Daniel Vrabac | Asset Strategy | $0 | over $100,000 |
James Wineland | Core Equity | $0 | over $100,000 |
A portion of each portfolio manager's compensation is held in a deferred account, and deemed to be invested in funds within the Fund Complex. As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of the Portfolios deemed owned by the portfolio managers was:
Manager | Portfolio Managed in the W&R Target Funds | Dollar Range of Shares Deemed Owned* in Portfolio Managed | Dollar Range of Shares Deemed Owned in Funds in Fund Complex |
Michael Avery | Asset Strategy | $0 | over $100,000 |
James Cusser | Bond | $0 | $50,001 to $100,000 |
David Ginther | Dividend Income | $0 | $50,001 to $100,000 |
Kenneth McQuade | Small Cap Growth | $0 | $50,001 to $100,000 |
Thomas Mengel | International Growth | $0 | over $100,000 |
William Nelson | High Income | $50,001 to $100,000 | $50,001 to $100,000 |
Matthew Norris | Value | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
Cynthia Prince-Fox | Balanced | $0 | over $100,000 |
Philip Sanders | Growth | over $100,000 | over $100,000 |
Kimberly Scott | Mid Cap Growth | $0 | over $100,000 |
Zachary Shafran | Science and Technology | $0 | over $100,000 |
Patrick Sterner | Limited-Term Bond | $0 | over $100,000 |
Mira Stevovich | Money Market | $0 | $10,001 to $50,000 |
Daniel Vrabac | Asset Strategy | $0 | over $100,000 |
James Wineland | Core Equity | $0 | over $100,000 |
*The Portfolios' shares are available for purchase only by Participating Insurance Companies and are indirectly owned by investors in the Policies for which the Portfolios serve as the underlying investment vehicle.
Portfolio Managers employed by Advantus Capital Management, Inc.
The following tables provide information relating the portfolio managers of the specified Portfolios as of December 31, 2005:
Christopher R. Sebald -- Mortgage Securities Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 8 | 2 | 10 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $997 | $561 | $1,471 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $516 |
David Land -- Mortgage Securities Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 5 | 1 | 4 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed | $890 | $214 | $716 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Joseph R. Betlej -- Real Estate Securities Portfolio
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed | $571 | $20.8 | $175 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Conflicts of Interest
In the judgment of WRIMCO and Advantus Capital, no material conflicts of interest are likely to arise in connection with a portfolio manager's management of a Portfolio on the one hand and the management of any account identified above on the other. All portfolio managers must manage assets in their personal accounts in accordance with Advantus Capital's code of ethics. The Portfolios and all other accounts managed by a portfolio manager in a similar style are managed subject to substantially similar investment restrictions and guidelines, and therefore no conflict of interest is likely to arise due to material differences in investment strategy. Advantus Capital has also adopted policies and procedures designed for fair allocation of investment opportunities between a Portfolio and other accounts managed by the same portfolio manager, including accounts of Advantus Capital or their affiliates. In addition, Advantus Capital believes that material conflicts due to differences in compensation paid to po rtfolio managers (see below) are also unlikely to arise. Account performance is a factor in determining a portfolio manager's compensation, but no portfolio manager's compensation structure favors one account over another on the basis of performance.
Compensation
As of the end of the Fund's most recent fiscal year, each portfolio manager of a Portfolio is compensated for managing the Portfolio and for managing other accounts identified above in the manner set forth below. Portfolio managers also receive other compensation in the form of group insurance and medical benefits and pension and other retirement benefits which are available generally to all employees of Advantus Capital and which do not discriminate in favor of any portfolio manager.
Base Salary -- the portfolio manager's total compensation package is reviewed and adjusted annually using competitive compensation surveys. Base salary is designed to provide a measure of stability and is targeted to be competitive with peers.
Short-term Bonus -- the portfolio manager is eligible for an annual bonus that is based on the portfolio manager's ability to meet predetermined goals. Of the total goal, approximately 95% is based on the pre-tax investment performance versus an appropriate benchmark and peer group. In the case of a Portfolio, the appropriate benchmark is the Portfolio's benchmark index described in the Portfolio's prospectus. Appropriate peer groups are determined using applicable Lipper investment categories. Performance comparisons to the respective benchmark and peer group are performed using both one-year and three-year performance. The remaining goals (approximately 5%) are based on subjective fulfillment of position duties.
Long-term Incentive -- the portfolio manager is eligible for a long-term bonus that is dependent upon Advantus Capital's strategic business objectives such as profitability, sales, etc. If long-term bonuses are granted, the bonus has a four-year vesting schedule.
Deferred Compensation -- the portfolio manager has the option to defer all or part of his or her short-term and long-term bonuses into a non-qualified deferred compensation plan. All elections must be made prior to the start of the performance measurement period.
Revenue Share -- the portfolio manager is paid a percentage of revenue received for the management of assets for unaffiliated clients including Mortgage Securities Portfolio and Real Estate Securities Portfolio, except if investments are made through the portfolio manager's retirement account that invests in the Portfolios through separate accounts. Revenues received from accounts of Advantus Capital or any of its affiliates, are not subject to revenue share.
Ownership of Securities
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of the Portfolios beneficially owned by the portfolio managers was:
Manager | Dollar Range of Shares owned* in Mortgage Securities Portfolio | Dollar Range of Shares owned in Fund Complex |
Christopher R. Sebald | $0 | $0 |
David Land | $0 | $0 |
Manager | Dollar Range of Shares owned* in Real Estate Securities Portfolio | Dollar Range of Shares owned in Fund Complex |
Joseph R. Betlej | $0 | $0 |
*The Portfolios' shares are available for purchase only by Participating Insurance Companies and are indirectly owned by investors in the Policies for which the Portfolios serve as the underlying investment vehicle.
Portfolio Managers employed by BlackRock Financial Management, Inc.
The following provides information relating to the portfolio manager of the Small Cap Value Portfolio as of December 31, 2005:
Wayne Archambo
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 10 | 0 | 18 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $5,047 | $0 | $886 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Conflicts of Interest
BlackRock has built a professional working environment, firm-wide compliance culture and compliance procedures and systems designed to protect against potential incentives that may favor one account over another. BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures that address the allocation of investment opportunities, execution of portfolio transactions, personal trading by employees and other potential conflicts of interest that are designed to ensure that all client accounts are treated equitably over time. Nevertheless, BlackRock furnishes investment management and advisory services to numerous clients in addition to the Portfolio, and BlackRock may, consistent with applicable law, make investment recommendations to other clients or accounts (including accounts which are hedge funds or have performance or higher fees paid to BlackRock, or in which portfolio managers have a personal interest in the receipt of such fees) which may be the same as or different from those made to the Portfolio. In additi on, BlackRock, its affiliates, and any officer, director, stockholder, or employee may or may not have an interest in the securities whose purchase and sale BlackRock recommends to the Portfolio. BlackRock, or any of its affiliates, or any officer, director, stockholder, employee or any member of their families may take different actions than those recommended to the Portfolio by BlackRock with respect to the same securities. Moreover, BlackRock may refrain from rendering any advice or services concerning securities of companies of which any of BlackRock's (or its affiliates') officers, directors, or employees are directors or officers, or companies as to which BlackRock or any of its affiliates or the officers, directors and employees of any of them has any substantial economic interest or possesses material non-public information. Each portfolio manager also may manage accounts whose investment strategies may at times be opposed to the strategy utilized for the Portfolio. In addition, Mr. Archambo may in the future assist in managing certain hedge funds and may be entitled to receive a portion of any incentive fees earned on such funds and a portion of such incentive fees may be voluntarily or involuntarily deferred.
As a fiduciary, BlackRock owes a duty of loyalty to its clients and must treat each client fairly. When BlackRock purchases or sells securities for more than one account, the trades must be allocated in a manner consistent with its fiduciary duties. BlackRock attempts to allocate investments in a fair and equitable manner among client accounts, with no account receiving preferential treatment. To this end, BlackRock has adopted a policy that is intended to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated fairly and equitably among client accounts over time. This policy also seeks to achieve reasonable efficiency in client transactions and provide BlackRock with sufficient flexibility to allocate investments in a manner that is consistent with the particular investment discipline and client base.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
BlackRock's financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation, and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock such as its Long-Term Retention and Incentive Plan and Restricted Stock Program.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their seniority and/or their position with the firm.
Discretionary compensation. In addition to base compensation, portfolio managers may receive discretionary compensation, which can be a substantial portion of total compensation. Discretionary compensation can include a discretionary cash bonus as well as one or more of the following:
Long-Term Retention and Incentive Plan (LTIP) -- The LTIP is a long-term incentive plan that seeks to reward certain key employees. The plan provides for the grant of awards that are expressed as an amount of cash that, if properly vested and subject to the attainment of certain performance goals, will be settled in cash and/or in BlackRock common stock. Mr. Archambo has received awards under the LTIP.
Deferred Compensation Program -- A portion of the compensation paid to each portfolio manager may be voluntarily deferred by the portfolio manager into an account that tracks the performance of certain of the firm's investment products. Each portfolio manager is permitted to allocate his deferred amounts among various options, including to certain of the firm's hedge funds and other unregistered products. In addition, prior to 2005, a portion of the annual compensation of certain senior managers, including Mr. Archambo, was mandatorily deferred in a similar manner for a number of years. Beginning in 2005, a portion of the annual compensation of certain senior managers, including Mr. Archambo, is paid in the form of BlackRock restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years.
Options and Restricted Stock Awards -- While incentive stock options are not presently being awarded to BlackRock employees, BlackRock previously granted stock options to key employees, including certain portfolio managers who may still hold unexercised or unvested options. BlackRock also has a restricted stock award program designed to reward certain key employees as an incentive to contribute to the long-term success of BlackRock. These awards vest over a period of years. Mr. Archambo has been granted stock options in prior years, and he also participates in BlackRock's restricted stock program.
Incentive Savings Plans -- The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., which owns approximately 71% of BlackRock's common stock, has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock employees are eligible to participate, including an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) and a 401(k) plan. The 401(k) plan may involve a company match of the employee's contribution of up to 6% of the employee's salary. The company match is made using BlackRock common stock. The firm's 401(k) plan offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies managed by the firm. Each portfolio manager is eligible to participate in these plans.
Annual incentive compensation for each portfolio manager is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, the investment performance, including risk-adjusted returns, of the firm's assets under management or supervision by that portfolio manager relative to predetermined benchmarks, and the individual's teamwork and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock. Unlike many other firms, portfolio managers at BlackRock compete against benchmarks rather than each other. In most cases, including for the portfolio manager of the Portfolio, these benchmarks are the same as the benchmark or benchmarks against which the performance of the Portfolio or other accounts are measured. A group of BlackRock's officers determines the benchmarks against which to compare performance of funds and other accounts managed by each portfolio manager. For Mr. Archambo, such benchmarks include the Russell 2000 Value Index.
The group of BlackRock's officers then makes a subjective determination with respect to the portfolio manager's compensation based on the performance of funds and other accounts managed by each portfolio manager relative to the various benchmarks. Senior portfolio managers who perform additional management functions within BlackRock may receive additional compensation for serving in these other capacities.
Ownership of Securities
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of Small Cap Value Portfolio beneficially owned* by Wayne Archambo was: $0.
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of funds in the Fund Complex beneficially owned by Wayne Archambo was: $0.
*The Portfolios' shares are available for purchase only by Participating Insurance Companies and are indirectly owned by investors in the Policies for which the Portfolios serve as the underlying investment vehicle.
Portfolio Managers employed by Mackenzie Financial Corporation
The following provides information relating the portfolio manager of the Global Natural Resources Portfolio as of December 31, 2005:
Fred Sturm
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 2 | 5 | 6 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $2,911 | $1,727 | $515 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Conflicts of Interest
Mackenzie, and the portfolio manager as its representative, may have other clients that lead to a variance in compensation schemes, however, Mackenzie has in place a Business Conduct Policy and Trade Allocation Policy which require fair treatment of all accounts. The portfolio manager, subject to the Business Conduct Policy, may invest in securities held by the Portfolio. The portfolio manager may also invest directly in other funds with overlapping mandates. Mackenzie reserves the sole discretion to periodically review, and materially alter the compensation schemes from time to time.
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple funds and /or other accounts may be presented (amongst others) with the following potential conflicts:
- The management of multiple funds and/or other accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each fund and/or other account. Individual mandate objectives may vary, but in general Mackenzie seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment approach. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using similar investment disciplines that are used in connection with the management of the Portfolios.
- If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, a Portfolio may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible funds and other accounts. To deal with these situations, Mackenzie has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts.
- With respect to securities transactions for the Portfolios, Mackenzie determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain other accounts (such as mutual funds for which Mackenzie or an affiliate acts as sub-advisor, other pooled investment vehicles that are not registered mutual funds, and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), Mackenzie may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, Mackenzie or its affiliates may place separate, non-simultaneous, transactions for a Portfolio and another account which may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the Portfolio or the other account.
- Finally, the appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where Mackenzie has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, which relates to the management of one fund or account but not all funds and accounts with respect to which a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities.
- Mackenzie and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Portfolio managers receive a base salary, an incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. The managers may also participate in long-term incentives commonly used within the corporation, potentially including options of IGM Financial. Mackenzie evaluates competitive market compensation by reviewing compensation trends within the investment industry. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed and may be modified each year as appropriate to reflect changes in the market and portfolio manager responsibilities. Each portfolio manager's compensation consists principally of the following elements:
- Base salary. Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary. In setting the base salary, Mackenzie's intention is to be competitive in light of the particular portfolio manager's experience and responsibilities.
- Periodic bonus. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive periodic cash bonuses which have quantitative and non-quantitative components. Bonuses are determined based on a combination of factors including (but not exclusively) relevant comparisons to industry compensation practices, a measure of total assets under management, pre-tax performance of funds under management relative to comparable indices and competitive products assessed over a 1-5 year horizon, individual performance versus a series of specific objectives potentially including corporate management activities, and overall financial performance of the firm.
- Equity-based compensation. Portfolio managers may be awarded options to purchase common shares and/or granted restricted shares of IGM Financial stock from pools determined from time to time by the Remuneration Committee of the Mackenzie Board of Directors. Awards of equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
- Participation in deferred compensation plans. Portfolio managers are eligible to participate in a non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which affords participating employees the tax benefits of deferring the receipt of a portion of their cash compensation. Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees.
Ownership of Securities
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of Global Natural Resources Portfolio beneficially owned* by Fred Sturm was: $0.
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of funds in the Fund Complex beneficially owned by Fred Sturm was: $0.
*The Portfolios' shares are available for purchase only by Participating Insurance Companies and are indirectly owned by investors in the Policies for which the Portfolios serve as the underlying investment vehicle.
Portfolio Managers employed by Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC
The following provides information relating the portfolio manager of International Value Portfolio as of December 31, 2005:
Edgerton Tucker Scott
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts1 |
Number of Accounts Managed | 14 | 5 | 26 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $11,070 | $487 | $4,235 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Conflicts of Interest
The management of multiple funds, including the Portfolio, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Portfolio. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. The separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential confli cts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Portfolio may outperform the securities selected for the Portfolio. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Portfolio may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio manager's compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio manager's base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio manager's marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and Templeton have adopted a code of ethics which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
Templeton and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Franklin Templeton seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio manager's level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio manager's compensation consists of the following three elements:
| Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary. |
| |
| Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Fund's shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Franklin Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Franklin Resources and mutual funds advised by the manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Portfolio shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the manager and/or other officers of the manger, with responsibility for the Portfolio, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan: |
| |
| Investment performance. Primary consideration is given to the historic investment performance over the 1, 3 and 5 preceding years of all accounts managed by the portfolio manager. The pre-tax performance of each fund managed is measured relative to a relevant peer group and/or applicable benchmark as appropriate. |
| |
| Research. Where the portfolio management team also has research responsibilities, each portfolio manager is evaluated on the number and performance of recommendations over time, productivity and quality of recommendations, and peer evaluation. |
| |
| Non-investment performance. For senior portfolio managers, there is a qualitative evaluation based on leadership and the mentoring of staff. |
| |
| Responsibilities. The characteristics and complexity of funds managed by the portfolio manager are factored in the manager's appraisal. |
| |
| Additional long-term equity-based compensation Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Franklin Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds, and options to purchase common shares of Franklin Resources stock. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent. |
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the manager.
Ownership of Securities
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of International Value Portfolio beneficially owned* by Mr. Scott was: $0.
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of Funds in the Fund Complex beneficially owned by Mr. Scott was: $0.
*The Portfolios' shares are available for purchase only by Participating Insurance Companies and are indirectly owned by investors in the Policies for which the Portfolios serve as the underlying investment vehicle.
Portfolio Managers employed by Wall Street Associates
The following provides information relating the portfolio managers of Micro Cap Growth Portfolio as of December 31, 2005:
William Jeffery III
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 2 | 4 | 46 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $272 | $287 | $1809 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | 0 | 0 | $251 |
Kenneth F. McCain
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 2 | 4 | 46 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $272 | $287 | $1809 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | 0 | 0 | $251 |
Paul J. Ariano
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 2 | 4 | 46 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $272 | $287 | $1809 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | 0 | 0 | $251 |
Paul K. LeCoq
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 2 | 6 | 46 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 2 | 6 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $272 | $331 | $1809 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | 0 | 44 | $251 |
Carl Wiese
| Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts |
Number of Accounts Managed | 2 | 4 | 46 |
Number of Accounts Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Assets Managed (in millions) | $272 | $287 | $1809 |
Assets Managed with Performance-Based Advisory Fees (in millions) | 0 | 0 | $251 |
Conflicts of Interest
WSA discloses in its ADV potential conflicts of interest arising from situations where portfolio managers oversee "long-only" client accounts, such as mutual fund sub-advisory accounts and/or pension funds, as well as pooled investment funds, such as hedge funds. In general, the combination of policies, procedures, and a compensation arrangement whereby portfolio managers are primarily rewarded on the overall success of the firm ensures that no account is favored over another. WSA has adopted the following policies and procedures designed to eliminate and/or mitigate such conflicts of interest situations:
Code of Ethics and Statement of Policy and Procedures Regarding Personal Securities Transactions -- WSA's Code of Ethics covers all employees, including Portfolio Mangers, and is based on the principal that we owe a fiduciary duty to the clients of WSA and must avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with making decisions in the best interests of clients. The Code governs personal trading activities by all employees and/or other associated persons and subjects such personal trading activities to internal review and preclearance. Personal securities transactions may be restricted in recognition of impending investment decisions on behalf of clients and other factors. WSA maintains "blackout" periods during which WSA, its employees or other associated persons may not cause the execution of a transaction in a security for their own account or an account in which they have beneficial ownership. Copies of all statements of employee trades (i.e., Preclearance Forms, Tra de Confirmations, and Account Statements) are sent to WSA's Compliance Officer for the purposes of oversight and verification.
Statement of Policy and Procedures Regarding Hedge Fund Securities Transactions -- WSA's Hedge Fund Trading Policy governs securities transactions conducted by hedge fund investment personnel and is intended to ensure that transactions are conducted in accordance with the following principals: (a) a duty at all times to place first the interests of the firm's clients (both "long-only" and hedge funds); (b) the requirement that all hedge fund transactions be conducted in a manner that avoids any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual's responsibility and position of trust; and, (c) the fundamental standard that WSA personnel not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.
- Aggregated Trades - Through WSA's interest in its investment funds (hedge funds) it does invest in securities in which it invests "long-only" client funds in accordance with the following policy: Purchases and sales of securities which are common to client accounts and WSA's investment funds will be allocated pro-rata according to the relative sizes of accounts and desired position sizes among accounts. Great care is taken to avoid even the appearance of impropriety in all situations when trades for WSA "long-only" clients and investment funds are aggregated. Prior to each aggregated trade, senior portfolio managers, traders, and the Compliance Officer discuss each account's relative position size resulting from the initiation of an aggregated trade. The goal is that each trade allocation plan involving aggregated trades between WSA "long-only" clients and investment funds be designed to treat each client fairly and equitably, without advantaging any client over another.
- Prohibitions and Preclearance -- Hedge fund transactions may be effected so long as: (a) purchases or sales do not involve securities in which hedge fund investment personnel have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership unless prior written approval of the transaction is obtained by a Senior Member of the Portfolio Management Staff, the Senior Trader and the Compliance Officer; (b) hedge fund investment personnel initiate a request for pre-clearance in writing in advance of the transaction to the Trading Desk, Senior Management, and the Compliance Officer, disclosing the circumstances and considerations of any possible conflicts of interest surrounding each trade; (c) hedge fund investment personnel not acquire any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in any securities in any initial public offering; (d) hedge fund investment personnel may not acquire any beneficial ownership in any securities in any private placement of securities unless the Compliance Officer and Senior Portfolio Manageme nt Team have given express prior written approval.
Trading Policy -- WSA's trading practices and procedures prohibit unfair trading practices and seeks to disclose and avoid any conflicts of interests or resolve such conflicts in the client's favor. WSA views trade allocation planning as a crucial step in our attempt to obtain best execution and in ensuring the fair and equitable treatment of each client account during the trading process. Trade allocation plans, automatically generated by WSA's computerized trade/portfolio management system allows the trading desk to automatically screen individual account parameters to ensure compliance with client guidelines and objectives, check for any cash restraints, and "Reserve" the appropriate amount of shares, generally on a pro rata basis, for each account within the selected strategies. The Trade Allocation plan ensures: (a) performance-based accounts within a strategy do not get favored over client accounts in a strategy. Also, the firm's own accounts (proprietary accounts) are never favored over any client accounts; (b) no group of accounts is systematically disadvantaged versus any other group; (c) the proper treatment of "hot issues."
This typically results in a trade that is fairly and equitably allocated among accounts on either a pro-rata or rebalancing (i.e., effecting a "bunched" trade in such a way as to even out the position sizes among accounts in a strategy) basis. Exceptions, however, may occur. Individual account constraints and low cash levels may, from time to time, require a "manual override" of the Allocation Plan by the trading desk. In situations where such constraints exist, trades for the constrained accounts can be changed (e.g., constrained accounts may not obtain shares with the other accounts within the strategy, or may instead only obtain a portion of the shares "reserved" for the constrained account) by direction of the Portfolio Manager.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
With regards to compensation, the portfolio managers of the Portfolio all received a base salary. Three of five portfolio managers (as of 12/31/05) were equity owners in the firm and each received quarterly partnership distributions in proportion to the percentage of their equity interest. For example, Mr. Jeffery and Mr. McCain each received 40% of the profits distributed to equity owners, since they each owned 40% of the firm. Mr. LeCoq received 5%. All other employees (including two Portfolio Managers, Trading Staff and Analysts) received a base salary based on their experience level. In addition, employees received two semi-annual bonuses based on the overall profitability of the firm. All non-equity employees also participate in the firm's profit sharing plan and receive medical and dental benefits.
Ownership of Securities
As of December 31, 2005, the dollar range of shares of the Portfolios beneficially owned by the portfolio managers was:
Manager | Dollar Range of Shares owned* in Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | Dollar Range of Shares owned in the Fund Complex |
William Jeffery III | 0 | 0 |
Kenneth F. McCain | 0 | 0 |
Paul J. Ariano | 0 | 0 |
Paul K. Lecoq | 0 | 0 |
Carl Wiese | 0 | 0 |
*The Portfolios' shares are available for purchase only by Participating Insurance Companies and are indirectly owned by investors in the Policies for which the Portfolios serve as the underlying investment vehicle.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
One of the duties undertaken by WRIMCO pursuant to the Management Agreement is to arrange the purchase and sale of securities for the Portfolios. With respect to most fixed-income portfolios, many purchases are made directly from issuers or from underwriters, dealers or banks. Purchases from underwriters include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter. Purchases from dealers will include the spread between the bid and the asked prices. Otherwise, transactions in securities other than those for which an exchange is the primary market are generally effected with dealers acting as principals or market makers. Brokerage commissions are paid primarily for effecting transactions in securities traded on an exchange and otherwise only if it appears likely that a better price or execution can be obtained. The individuals who manage the Portfolios may manage other advisory accounts with similar investment objectives. It can be anticipated that the manager will frequently, yet not always, pl ace concurrent orders for all or most accounts for which the manager has responsibility or the manager may otherwise combine orders for a Portfolio with those of other Portfolios, funds in the Waddell & Reed Advisors Funds and/or other accounts for which WRIMCO has investment discretion, including accounts affiliated with WRIMCO. Under current written procedures, transactions effected pursuant to such combined orders are averaged as to price and allocated in accordance with the purchase or sale orders actually placed for each fund or advisory account, except where the combined order is not filled completely. In this case, for a transaction not involving an initial public offering (IPO), WRIMCO will ordinarily allocate the transaction pro rata based on the orders placed, subject to certain variances provided for in the written procedures. For a partially filled IPO order, subject to certain variances specified in the written procedures, WRIMCO generally allocates the shares as follows: the IPO shares are initially allocated pro rata among the included portfolios/funds and/or advisory accounts grouped according to investment objective, based on relative total assets of each group; and the shares are then allocated within each group pro rata based on relative total assets of the included portfolios/funds and/or advisory accounts, except that (a) within a group having a small cap-related investment objective, shares are allocated on a rotational basis after taking into account the impact of the anticipated initial gain on the value of the included portfolio/fund or advisory account and (b) within a group having a mid cap-related investment objective, shares are allocated based on the portfolio manager's judgment, including but not limited to such factors as the portfolio/fund's or advisory account's investment strategies and policies, cash availability, any minimum investment policy, liquidity, anticipated term of the investment and current securities positions. In all cases, WRIMCO seeks to implement its alloc ation procedures to achieve a fair and equitable allocation of securities among its portfolios/funds and other advisory accounts. Sharing in large transactions could affect the price a Portfolio pays or receives or the amount it buys or sells. As well, a better negotiated commission may be available through combined orders.
To effect the portfolio transactions of each Portfolio, WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, is authorized to engage broker-dealers (brokers) which, in its best judgment based on all relevant factors, will implement the policy of the Portfolio to seek best execution (prompt and reliable execution at the best price obtainable) for reasonable and competitive commissions. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, need not seek competitive commission bidding but is expected to minimize the commissions paid to the extent consistent with the interests and policies of the Portfolio. Subject to review by the Board, such policies include the selection of brokers which provide execution and/or research services and other services, including pricing or quotation services directly or through others (research and brokerage services) considered by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, to be useful or desirable for its investment management of the Portfolio and/or the other f unds and accounts over which WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, has investment discretion.
Research and brokerage services are, in general, defined by reference to Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as including (1) advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities and the availability of securities and purchasers or sellers, (2) furnishing analyses and reports, or (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement and custody). Investment discretion is, in general, defined as having authorization to determine what securities shall be purchased or sold for an account, or making those decisions even though someone else has responsibility.
The commissions paid to brokers that provide such research and/or brokerage services may be higher than the commission another qualified broker would charge for effecting comparable transactions and are permissible if a good faith determination is made by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, that the commission is reasonable in relation to the research or brokerage services provided. No allocation of brokerage or principal business is made to provide any other benefits to WRIMCO or its affiliates or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable. WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, does not direct Fund brokerage to compensate brokers for the sale of Fund shares. The Fund has adopted a policy that prohibits WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, from using Fund brokerage commissions to compensate broker-dealers for promotion or sale of Fund shares.
The investment research provided by a particular broker may be useful only to one or more of the other advisory accounts of WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, and investment research received for the commissions of those other accounts may be useful both to a Portfolio and one or more of such other accounts. To the extent that electronic or other products provided by such brokers to assist WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, in making investment management decisions are used for administration or other non-research purposes, a reasonable allocation of the cost of the product attributable to its non-research use is made and this cost is paid by WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable.
Such investment research, which may be supplied by a third party at the request of a broker, includes information on particular companies and industries as well as market, economic or institutional activity areas. It serves to broaden the scope and supplement the research activities of WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable; serves to make available additional views for consideration and comparisons; and enables WRIMCO or the Portfolio's subadvisor, as applicable, to obtain market information on the price of securities held in a Portfolio or being considered for purchase.
The Fund may also use its brokerage to pay for pricing or quotation services to value securities. The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003:
Periods ended December 31,
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 |
Asset Strategy Portfolio | $818,986 | $ 897,975 | $ 667,227 |
Balanced Portfolio | 786,482 | 632,799 | 295,012 |
Bond Portfolio | --- | --- | --- |
Core Equity Portfolio | 1,080,261 | 941,055 | 844,756 |
Dividend Income Portfolio | 26,775 | 12,200 | NA |
Global Natural Resources | 61,337 | NA | NA |
Growth Portfolio | 1,505,949 | 2,406,395 | 1,489,602 |
High Income Portfolio | 20,810 | 18,381 | 17,529 |
International Growth Portfolio | 700,442 | 704,880 | 878,535 |
International Value Portfolio | 336,505 | 354,718 | 134,078 |
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | --- | --- | --- |
Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | 143,290 | 157,582 | 53,970 |
Mid Cap Growth | 7,612 | NA | NA |
Money Market Portfolio | --- | --- | --- |
Mortgage Securities Portfolio | 90 | --- | NA |
Real Estate Securities Portfolio | 43,744 | 37,426 | NA |
Science and Technology Portfolio | 1,061,158 | 1,148,993 | 1,030,986 |
Small Cap Growth Portfolio | 1,295,577 | 1,982,991 | 1,189,477 |
Small Cap Value Portfolio | 992,776 | 190,584 | 112,049 |
Value Portfolio | 413,044 | 750,313 | 431,224 |
| ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
Total | $9,294,838 | $10,236,292 | $7,144,445 |
The next table shows the transactions, other than principal transactions, which were directed to broker-dealers who provided research services as well as execution and the brokerage commissions paid for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. These transactions were allocated to these broker-dealers by the internal allocation procedures described above.
| Amount of Transactions | Brokerage Commissions |
Asset Strategy Portfolio | $400,568,686 | $624,855 |
Balanced Portfolio | 519,300,564 | 717,058 |
Bond Portfolio | --- | --- |
Core Equity Portfolio | 792,445,887 | 942,721 |
Dividend Income Portfolio | 15,225,305 | 17,565 |
Global Natural Resources | --- | --- |
Growth Portfolio | 1,272,587,597 | 1,327,608 |
High Income Portfolio | 4,233,550 | 10,534 |
International Growth Portfolio | 288,743,218 | 699,942 |
International Value Portfolio | 160,513,037 | 307,285 |
Limited-Term Bond Portfolio | --- | --- |
Micro Cap Growth Portfolio | 3,629,615 | 9,815 |
Mid Cap Growth | 743,659 | 987 |
Money Market Portfolio | --- | --- |
Mortgage Securities Portfolio | --- | --- |
Real Estate Securities Portfolio | 41,155 | 60 |
Science and Technology Portfolio | 448,677,116 | 816,198 |
Small Cap Growth Portfolio | 458,994,596 | 830,990 |
Small Cap Value Portfolio | 113,938,808 | 241,117 |
Value Portfolio | 215,896,939 | 325,303 |
| ------------- | ---------- |
Total | $4,695,539,732 | $6,872,038 |
As of December 31, 2005, each of the following Portfolios held securities issued by their respective regular broker-dealers, as follows: Balanced Portfolio owned Citigroup Inc. and Bank of America Corporation securities in the aggregate amounts of $9,837,031 and $4,628,845, respectively. Citigroup Inc. is the parent of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., a regular broker of the Portfolio. Bank of America Corporation is the parent of Banc of America Securities LLC, a regular broker of the Portfolio. Dividend Income Portfolio owned Bank of America Corporation and Morgan (J.P.) Chase & Co. securities in the aggregate amounts of $751,460 and $674,413, respectively. Bank of America Corporation is the parent of Banc of America Securities LLC, a regular broker of the Portfolio. Morgan (J.P.) Chase & Co. is the parent of Morgan (J.P.) Securities Inc., a regular broker of the Portfolio. Growth Portfolio owned a Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The) security in the aggregate amount of $13,103,046. Goldman Sach s Group, Inc. (The) is the parent of Goldman, Sachs & Co., a regular broker of the Portfolio. International Growth Portfolio owned Credit Suisse Group, UBS AG and Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC (The) securities in the aggregate amounts of $2,090,484, $4,231,723 and $3,250,719, respectively. Credit Suisse Group is the parent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation (The), a regular broker of the Portfolio. UBS AG is the parent of UBS Securities LLC, a regular broker of the Portfolio. Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC (The) is the parent of Royal Bank of Scotland PLC (The), a regular broker of the Portfolio. International Value Portfolio owned Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC (The) and UBS AG securities in the aggregate amounts of $8,858,488 and $4,226,962, respectively. Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC (The) is the parent of Royal Bank of Scotland PLC (The), a regular broker of the Portfolio. UBS AG is the parent of UBS Securities LLC, a regular broker of the Portfolio. Money Market Portfolio ow ned a Royal Bank of Scotland PLC (The) security in the aggregate amount of $1,399,592. Royal Bank of Scotland PLC (The) is a regular broker of the Portfolio. Value Portfolio owned Bank of America Corporation, Citigroup Inc., Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., Morgan (J.P.) Chase & Co. and Morgan Stanley securities in the aggregate amounts of $15,746,380, $10,468,212, $3,535,506, $13,442,527 and $3,756,756, respectively. Bank of America Corporation is the parent of Banc of America Securities LLC, a regular broker of the Portfolio. Citigroup Inc. is the parent of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., a regular broker of the Portfolio. Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. is the parent of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc., a regular broker of the Portfolio. Morgan (J.P.) Chase & Co. is the parent of Morgan (J.P.) Securities Inc., a regular broker of the Portfolio. Morgan Stanley is the parent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, a regular broker of the Portfolio.
The Fund has delegated all proxy voting responsibilities to WRIMCO. WRIMCO has established guidelines that reflect what it believes are desirable principles of corporate governance.
Listed below are several reoccurring issues and WRIMCO's corresponding positions.
Board of Directors Issues:
WRIMCO generally supports proposals requiring that a majority of the board consist of outside, or independent, directors.
WRIMCO generally votes against proposals to limit or eliminate liability for monetary damages for violating the duty of care.
WRIMCO generally votes against indemnification proposals that would expand coverage to more serious acts such as negligence, willful or intentional misconduct, derivation of improper personal benefit, absence of good faith, reckless disregard for duty, and unexcused pattern of inattention. The success of a corporation in attracting and retaining qualified directors and officers, in the best interest of shareholders, is partially dependent on its ability to provide some satisfactory level of protection from personal financial risk. WRIMCO will support such protection so long as it does not exceed reasonable standards.
WRIMCO generally votes against proposals requiring the provision for cumulative voting in the election of directors as cumulative voting may allow a minority group of shareholders to cause the election of one or more directors.
Corporate Governance Issues:
WRIMCO generally supports proposals to ratify the appointment of independent accountants/auditors unless reasons exist which cause it to vote against the appointment.
WRIMCO generally votes against proposals to restrict or prohibit the right of shareholders to call special meetings.
WRIMCO generally votes against proposals which include a provision to require a supermajority vote to amend any charter or bylaw provision, or to approve mergers or other significant business combinations.
WRIMCO generally votes for proposals to authorize an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock.
WRIMCO generally votes against proposals for the adoption of a Shareholder Rights Plan (sometimes referred to as "Purchase Rights Plan"). It believes that anti-takeover proposals are generally not in the best interest of shareholders. Such a Plan gives the board virtual veto power over acquisition offers which may well offer material benefits to shareholders.
Executive/Employee Issues:
WRIMCO will generally vote for proposals to establish an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) as long as the size of the ESOP is reasonably limited.
Political Activity:
WRIMCO will generally vote against proposals requiring the publication of reports on political activity or contributions made by political action committees (PACs) sponsored or supported by the corporation. PAC contributions are generally made with funds contributed voluntarily by employees, and provide positive individual participation in the political process of a democratic society. In addition, Federal and most state laws require full disclosure of political contributions made by PACs. This is public information and available to all interested parties. Requiring reports in newspaper publications results in added expense without commensurate benefit to shareholders.
Conflicts of Interest Between WRIMCO and the Funds:
WRIMCO will use the following three-step process to address conflicts of interest: (1) WRIMCO will attempt to identify any potential conflicts of interest; (2) WRIMCO will then determine if the conflict as identified is material; and (3) WRIMCO will follow the procedures established below to ensure that its proxy voting decisions are based on the best interests of the Portfolio and are not the product of a material conflict.
I. Identifying Conflicts of Interest: WRIMCO will evaluate the nature of its relationships to assess which, if any, might place its interests, as well as those of its affiliates, in conflict with those of the Portfolio's shareholders on a proxy voting matter. WRIMCO will review any potential conflicts that involve the following four general categories to determine if there is a conflict and if so, if the conflict is material:
- Business Relationships -- WRIMCO will review any situation for a material conflict where WRIMCO provides investment advisory services for a company or an employee group, manages pension assets, administers employee benefit plans, leases office space from a company, or provides brokerage, underwriting, insurance, banking or consulting services to a company or if it is determined that WRIMCO (or an affiliate) otherwise has a similar significant relationship with a third party such that the third party might have an incentive to encourage WRIMCO to vote in favor of management.
- Personal Relationships -- WRIMCO will review any situation where it (or an affiliate) has a personal relationship with other proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors, or candidates for directorships to determine if a material conflict exists.
- Familial Relationships -- WRIMCO will review any situation where it (or an affiliate) has a known familial relationship relating to a company (e.g., a spouse or other relative who serves as a director of a public company or is employed by the company) to determine if a material conflict exists.
WRIMCO will designate an individual or committee to review and identify proxies for potential conflicts of interest on an ongoing basis.
II. "Material Conflicts": WRIMCO will review each relationship identified as having a potential conflict based on the individual facts and circumstances. For purposes of this review, WRIMCO will attempt to detect those relationships deemed material based on the reasonable likelihood that they would be viewed as important by the average shareholder.
III. Procedures to Address Material Conflicts: WRIMCO will use the following techniques to vote proxies that have been determined to present a "Material Conflict."
- Use a Proxy Voting Service for Specific Proposals -- As a primary means of voting material conflicts, WRIMCO will vote in accordance with the recommendation of an independent proxy voting service (Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) or another independent third party if a recommendation from ISS is unavailable).
- Client directed -- If the Material Conflict arises from WRIMCO's management of a third party account and the client provides voting instructions on a particular vote, WRIMCO will vote according to the directions provided by the client.
- Use a Predetermined Voting Policy -- If no directives are provided by either ISS or the client, WRIMCO may vote material conflicts pursuant to the pre-determined Proxy Voting Policies, established herein, should such subject matter fall sufficiently within the identified subject matter. If the issue involves a material conflict and WRIMCO chooses to use a predetermined voting policy, WRIMCO will not be permitted to vary from the established voting policies established herein.
- Seek Board Guidance -- If the Material Conflict does not fall within one of the situations referenced above, WRIMCO may seek guidance from the Fund's Board of Directors on matters involving a conflict. Under this method, WRIMCO will disclose the nature of the conflict to the Fund Board and obtain the Board's consent or direction to vote the proxies. WRIMCO may use the Board guidance to vote proxies for its non-mutual fund clients.
Proxy Voting Policies of Subadvisors
ADVANTUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
April, 2004
Summary of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
Advantus Capital Management, Inc. ("Advantus") has adopted policies and procedures relating to the voting of proxies (the "Proxy Policies and Procedures") which include specific proxy voting policies and procedures for portfolios sub-advised by Advantus that are designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of its clients in accordance with its fiduciary duties and legal and regulatory requirements. The Proxy Policies and Procedures do not apply to any client that has explicitly retained authority and discretion to vote its own proxies or delegated such authority and discretion to a third party; Advantus takes no responsibility for the voting of any proxies on behalf of any such client.
A copy of the complete Proxy Policies and Procedures is available to all clients of Advantus upon request, subject to the provision that such Proxy Policies and Procedures are subject to change at any time without notice.
The role of shareholders in corporate governance is typically limited. A majority of decisions regarding operations of the business of a corporation should be left to management's discretion. It is Advantus' policy that the shareholder should become involved with these matters only when management has failed and the corporation's performance has suffered or to protect the rights of shareholders to take action.
The guiding principle by which Advantus votes on all matters submitted to security holders is the maximization of the ultimate economic value of the securities held by its clients. This involves not only the immediate impact of each proposal but other considerations with respect to the security of the shareholders' investments over the long term.
It is the general policy of Advantus to vote on all matters presented to security holders in any proxy, but Advantus reserves the right to abstain on any particular vote or otherwise withhold its vote on any matter if in the judgment of Advantus, the costs associated with voting such proxy outweigh the benefits to clients or if circumstances make such an abstention or withholding otherwise advisable and in the best interest of clients, in the judgment of Advantus.
Advantus has an Investment Policy Committee, which is responsible for overseeing the Proxy Policies and Procedures, modifying the Proxy Policies and Procedures from time to time, and monitoring voting decisions to avoid and resolve any conflicts of interest. The Investment Policy Committee is charged with ensuring that all conflicts of interest are resolved in the best interest of the clients.
The actual mechanical methods employed for voting Proxies is dependent upon the type of client. For those clients who have hired Advantus as an adviser, and not a sub-adviser, Advantus has elected the custodian bank (Wells Fargo Bank) to vote Proxies on behalf of the client. Proxies are directly sent to the custodian bank. Wells Fargo Bank votes the proxies according to their proxy guidelines and philosophy. Wells Fargo Bank employs Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) as its proxy voting agent, responsible for analyzing proxies and recommending a voting position consistent with the Wells Fargo Bank Proxy Guidelines.
For those clients who have hired Advantus as a sub-adviser, Advantus will vote Proxies according to the Advantus Proxy Voting Procedures. Advantus will endeavor to prevent the votes cast for these client portfolios to differ from the votes cast by Wells Fargo Bank on behalf of those Advantus clients who rely on Wells Fargo Bank to vote their Proxies. Advantus will receive the proxy voting information from the client's custodian, then vote the proxy and return it to the company as directed on the proxy form and finally return a copy of each such proxy vote to the client for their record keeping purposes.
Advantus has a set of proxy voting guidelines that state the general view and typical vote of Advantus with respect to the issues listed therein. However, these guidelines are just that -- guidelines; they are not strict rules that must be obeyed in all cases. Advantus' Proxy Policies and Procedures allow it to vote shares contrary to the typical vote indicated by the guidelines if such a vote is in a client's best interests
Advantus maintains records of all proxy voting decisions and votes cast to the extent required by applicable law and regulations.
Listed below are several reoccurring issues and Advantus' corresponding positions.
- Advantus generally supports proposals requiring that at least a majority of the board be independent directors.
- Advantus generally supports indemnification of directors and officers when the actions taken were on behalf of the company and no criminal violations occurred.
- Advantus generally does not support indemnity proposals that are overly broad.
- Advantus generally supports proposals to ratify the appointment of independent auditors unless there is reason to believe that such ratification is not appropriate.
- Advantus will generally vote for all uncontested director nominees.
- Advantus will consider contested elections on a case by case basis considering the facts and circumstances of each particular case.
- Advantus will consider cumulative voting on a case by case basis.
BlackRock Financial Management, Inc.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Fund has delegated proxy voting responsibilities with respect to Small Cap Value Portfolio to BlackRock, subject to the general oversight of the Fund's Board of Directors. The Fund expects BlackRock to vote proxies related to the Portfolio's portfolio securities for which the Portfolio has voting authority consistent with the Portfolio's best interests. BlackRock has adopted its own proxy voting policies (the "Proxy Voting Policy") to be used in voting the Portfolio's proxies, which are summarized below.
BlackRock recognizes that implicit in the initial decision to retain or invest in the security of a corporation is approval of its existing corporate ownership structure, its management, and its operations. Accordingly, proxy proposals that would change the existing status of a corporation are reviewed carefully and supported only when it seems clear that the proposed changes are likely to benefit the corporation and its shareholders. Notwithstanding this favorable predisposition, BlackRock assesses management on an ongoing basis both in terms of its business capability and its dedication to the shareholders to ensure that BlackRock's continued confidence remains warranted. If BlackRock determines that management is acting on its own behalf instead of for the well being of the corporation, it will vote to support the shareholder.
BlackRock's proxy voting policy and its attendant recommendations attempt to generalize a complex subject. Specific fact situations, including differing voting practices in jurisdictions outside the United States, might warrant departure from these guidelines. With respect to voting proxies of non-U.S. companies, a number of logistical problems may arise that may have a detrimental effect on BlackRock's ability to vote such proxies in the best interests of the Portfolio. Accordingly, BlackRock may determine not to vote proxies if it believes that the restrictions or other detriments associated with such vote outweigh the benefits that will be derived by voting on the company's proposal.
Additionally, situations may arise that involve an actual or perceived conflict of interest. For example, BlackRock may manage assets of a pension plan of a company whose management is soliciting proxies, or a BlackRock employee may have a close relative who serves as a director or executive of a company that is soliciting proxies. BlackRock's policy in all cases is to vote proxies based on its clients' best interests and not the product of the conflict.
BlackRock has engaged ISS to assist it in the voting of proxies. ISS analyzes all proxy solicitations BlackRock receives for its clients and advises BlackRock how, based upon BlackRock's guidelines, the relevant votes should be cast.
Below is a summary of some of the procedures described in the Proxy Voting Policy.
Routine Matters. BlackRock will generally support routine proxy proposals, amendments, or resolutions if they do not measurably change the structure, management control, or operation of the issuer and they are consistent with industry standards as well as the corporate laws of the state of incorporation of the issuer.
Social Issues. If BlackRock has determined that management is generally socially responsible, it will generally vote against social issue proposals, which are generally proposed by shareholders who believe that the corporation's internally adopted policies are ill-advised or misguided.
Financial/Corporate Issues. BlackRock will generally vote in favor of proposals that seek to change a corporation's legal, business or financial structure provided the position of current shareholders is preserved or enhanced.
Shareholder Rights. Proposals in this category are made regularly both by management and shareholders. They can be generalized as involving issues that transfer or realign board or shareholder voting power. BlackRock will generally oppose any proposal aimed solely at thwarting potential takeover offers by requiring, for example, super-majority approval. At the same time it believes stability and continuity promote profitability. Individual proposals may have to be carefully assessed in the context of their particular circumstances.
MACKENZIE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
GLOBAL NATURAL RESOURCES PORTFOLIO
SUMMARY - PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Mackenzie Financial Corporation ("Mackenzie"), as investment advisor to the Global Natural Resources Portfolio (the "Portfolio"), has always been committed to the support of good corporate governance. As one of the funds managed or subadvised by Mackenzie, the Portfolio follows the policies and procedures mandated by Mackenzie, a general description of which follows.
Mackenzie's objective is to vote the securities of companies for which it has proxy-voting authority in a manner most consistent with the long-term economic interest of fund investors. At Mackenzie, the portfolio manager is delegated the authority to vote proxies and any contentious proposals are brought to the attention of the Chief Investment Officer ("CIO"). The CIO reserves the final decision on all voting matters.
Summary of Proxy Voting Policies
1. Boards of Directors
Mackenzie generally votes in favour of proposals that support the appointment of independent directors to an issuer board or audit committee, as well as requirements that the chair of the board be separate from the office of the Chief Executive Officer. Generally, the Portfolio will not withhold its vote from a slate of directors because its composition does not fully comply with Mackenzie's guidelines, unless it believes that the composition of the board and its operating procedures will adversely impact shareholder value.
2. Stock Option Plans and Other Executive Compensation
All proxies related to executive compensation are voted on a case-by-case basis. Generally, Mackenzie will vote in favour of stock options and other forms of compensation that do not result in a potential dilution of more than 10% of the issued and outstanding shares, are granted under clearly defined and reasonable terms, are commensurate with the duties of plan participants, and are tied to the achievement of corporate objectives.
Mackenzie will generally not support the repricing of options, plans that give the Board broad discretion in setting the terms of the grant of options, or plans that authorize allocation of 20% or more of the available options to any individual in any single year.
3. Shareholder Rights Plans
Mackenzie will generally vote in favour of shareholder rights plans designed to provide sufficient time to undertake a fair and complete shareholder value maximization process and does not merely seek to entrench management or deter a public bidding process. In addition, Mackenzie will generally support plans that promote the interests and equal treatment of all shareholders, and allows for periodic shareholder ratification.
4. Shareholder Proposals
Mackenzie will evaluate and vote on shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. All proposals on financial matters will be given consideration. Generally, proposals that place arbitrary or artificial constraints on the company will not be supported.
5. Social/Political Issues
As a mutual fund company, it is Mackenzie's fiduciary duty to put the economic interests of Portfolio investors ahead of any non-financial matters. However, actions of social responsibility by companies and their Boards can enhance long-term shareholder value. If relevant to their business, Mackenzie will generally vote for proposals urging responsible policies and practices.
Mackenzie does not intend to supplant the duties and responsibilities of regulatory bodies, or the laws of the jurisdictions in which the company operates.
Conflicts of Interest
Circumstances may occur where Mackenzie may have a potential conflict of interest relative to its proxy voting activities. Potential conflicts of interest could include business relationships with an issuer or proponent of a proxy proposal, or personal or familial relationships with proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors, or candidates for directorships.
The portfolio manager and all other parties involved in providing services to the Portfolio are required to bring all potential conflicts of interest to the attention of Mackenzie's General Counsel ("General Counsel"), CIO, and Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO"). If the General Counsel, CIO and CCO determine that a conflict exists they will ensure that the proxy voting decision is based on Mackenzie's pre-determined proxy voting policies, and the best interests of the Portfolio.
TEMPLETON INVESTMENT COUNSEL, LLC
SUMMARY OF
PROXY VOTING POLICIES & PROCEDURES
Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC (hereinafter "Adviser") has delegated its administrative duties with respect to voting proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (the "Proxy Group"), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc.
All proxies received by the Proxy Group with respect to International Value Portfolio will be voted based upon Adviser's instructions and/or policies. To assist it in analyzing proxies, Adviser subscribes to ISS, an unaffiliated third party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. Although ISS' analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, Adviser does not consider recommendations from ISS or any other third party to be determinative of Adviser's ultimate decision. Adviser votes proxies solely in the interests of the client, Adviser-managed fund shareholders or, where employee benefit plan assets are involved, in the interests of plan participants and beneficiaries (collectively "Advisory Clients"). As a matter of policy, the officers, directors and employees of Adviser and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources wh ose interests conflict with the interests of Advisory Clients. In situations where Adviser perceives a material conflict of interest, Adviser may: disclose the conflict to the relevant Advisory Clients; defer to the voting recommendation of the Advisory Clients, ISS or those of another independent third party provider of proxy services; send the proxy directly to the relevant Advisory Client for a decision, or take such other action in good faith (in consultation with counsel) which would protect the interests of the Advisory Clients.
As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and Adviser will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of management's position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that company's shares.
The Proxy Group is part of the Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC Corporate Legal Department and is overseen by legal counsel. For each shareholder meeting, a member of the Proxy Group will consult with the research analyst that follows the security and will provide the analyst with the meeting notice, agenda, ISS analyses, recommendations and any other available information. Adviser's research analyst and relevant portfolio manager(s) are responsible for making the final voting decision based on their review of the agenda, ISS analysis, their knowledge of the company and any other information readily available. The Proxy Group must obtain voting instructions from Adviser's research analyst, relevant portfolio manager(s) and/or legal counsel prior to submitting the vote.
Adviser has adopted general proxy voting guidelines that are reviewed periodically by various members of Adviser's organization, including portfolio management, legal counsel and Adviser's officers, and are subject to change. These guidelines cannot provide an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise nor can Adviser anticipate all future situations. The guidelines cover such agenda items as the election of directors, ratification of auditors, management and director compensation, anti-takeover mechanisms, changes to capital structure, mergers and corporate restructuring, social and corporate policy issues, and global corporate governance.
The Proxy Group is fully cognizant of its responsibility to process proxies and maintain proxy records pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. In addition, Adviser understands its fiduciary duty to vote proxies and that proxy voting decisions may affect the value of shareholdings. Therefore, Adviser will attempt to process every vote it receives for all domestic and foreign proxies. However, there may be situations in which Adviser cannot process proxies, for example, where a meeting notice was received too late, or sell orders preclude the ability to vote. In addition, Adviser may abstain from voting under certain circumstances or vote against items such as "Other Business" when Adviser is not given adequate information from the company.
The Proxy Group is responsible for maintaining the documentation that supports Adviser's voting position. The Proxy Group is also responsible for maintaining appropriate proxy voting supporting documentation and records. Such records may include, but are not limited to, a copy of all materials returned to the issuer and/or its agent, the documentation described above, listings of proxies voted by issuer and by client, and any other relevant information. The Proxy Group may use an outside service such as ISS to support this function. All files will be retained for at least five years, the first two of which will be on-site. Advisory Clients may view Adviser's complete proxy voting policies and procedures on-line at www.franklintempleton.com, request copies of their proxy voting records and Adviser's complete proxy voting policies and procedures by calling the Proxy Group collect at 1-954-847-2268 or send a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 500 East Broward Boulevard, Suite 1500, For t Lauderdale, FL 33394, Attention: Proxy Group. In addition, the Proxy Group is responsible for ensuring that the proxy voting policies, procedures and records of Adviser are made available as required by law and is responsible for overseeing the filing of such policies and procedures with the SEC.
WALL STREET ASSOCIATES
(re: Micro Cap Growth Portfolio)
Proxy Voting Policy
Wall Street Associates recognizes that it is a fiduciary that owes its clients the duty of care and loyalty with respect to all services it provides to clients, including proxy voting. The duty of care requires an adviser with proxy voting authority to monitor corporate events and to vote the proxies. The duty of loyalty requires an adviser to cast proxy votes in a manner consistent with the best interest of its clients, at no time subrogating client interests to its own.
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1. | Wall Street Associates follows Proxy Voting Procedures. The proxy voting procedures below explain the role of Wall Street Associates' Proxy Voting Committee, Proxy Voting Chairman, Proxy Coordinator, Proxy Voting Service, as well as how the process will work when a proxy question needs to be handled on a case-by-case basis. |
| a. | Proxy Voting Committee and Chairman. Wall Street Associates' Proxy Voting Committee, which is made up of members of the investment team and led by the Proxy Voting Chairman, oversees the proxy voting process. The Committee monitors corporate actions, and reviews and recommends guidelines governing proxy votes, including how votes are cast on specific proposals and which matters are to be considered on a case-by-case basis. The Chairman is responsible for the oversight and execution of Wall Street Associates' Proxy Voting Procedures. |
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| b. | Proxy Coordinator. The Proxy Coordinator, appointed by the Proxy Voting Committee, assists in the coordination and voting of proxies. The Proxy Coordinator deals directly with the Proxy Voting Service and, on a case-by-case basis, will solicit voting recommendations and instructions from the Proxy Voting Committee should proxy questions be referred by the Proxy Voting Service. The Proxy Coordinator is responsible for ensuring that such questions and referrals are responded to in a timely fashion for transmitting appropriate voting instructions to the proxy voting service. |
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| c. | Proxy Voting Service. Wall Street Associates has engaged an independent proxy voting service to assist in the voting of proxies. The proxy voting service is responsible for coordinating with custodians to ensure that all proxy material received by the custodians relating to portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion. To the extent applicable, the proxy voting service votes all the proxies in accordance with Wall Street Associates' Proxy Voting Guidelines. The proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Coordinator for instructions under circumstances where: (1) the application of the proxy voting guidelines is unclear; (2) a particular proxy question is not covered by the guidelines; or (3) the guidelines call for specific instructions on a case-by-case basis. The proxy voting service is also requested to call to the Proxy Coordinator's attention specific proxy questions that, while governed by a guideline, appear to involve unusual or controversial issues. The proxy voting service also assists in disclosing to Clients how proxy votes were cast. Clients may request and obtain a record of proxy votes cast on their behalf. Proxy Voting reports, when requested, are generally delivered in conjunction with client quarterly reports. |
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| d. | Proxy Votes are made on a Case-by-Case Basis. In voting shares on economic issues, Wall Street Associates shall make voting decisions on a case-by-case basis. Shares shall not be automatically voted either for or against management on a particular economic issue but shall be voted based on an analysis of the impact of the vote on the economic value of the shares and solely in the interest of the plan's participants and beneficiaries. Wall Street Associates shall not subordinate the interest of plan participants and beneficiaries in their retirement income to unrelated objectives, even if it is believed such objective to be socially desirable. |
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| e. | Conflicts of Interest. Wall Street Associates has developed procedures designed to ensure it carries out its duty of care in voting proxies in the Client's best interest. To ensure proxy votes are not the product of a conflict of interest, votes will generally be made in accordance with Wall Street Associates' Proxy Voting Guidelines, and on recommendations of an independent third party (the Proxy Voting Service). Occasions may arise where a person or organization involved in the proxy voting process may have a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest may exist, for example, from business relationships with either the company soliciting the proxy or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote. Any individual with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., familial relationship with company management) relating to a particular referral item shall disclose that conflict to the Proxy V oting Chairman and the Compliance Officer and otherwise remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process. In such cases, the Proxy Voting Chairman and Compliance Officer will review each item to determine if a conflict of interest exists and whether such conflict is "material." In this context, "material" conflicts may be: (1) instances where an adviser has an interest in maintaining or developing business with a particular issuer whose management is soliciting proxies; (2) instances where the adviser has a business relationship with a proponent of a proxy proposal; (3) personal and business relationships with participants in a proxy contest, corporate directors or director candidates; and (4) instances where the adviser has a personal interest in the outcome of a proxy contest (e.g., relative serves as director). If a conflict is potentially material, the Proxy Voting Chairman and Compliance Officer will engage in an intensive internal and/or external (if necessary) fact gathering exercise. Afte r assessing the circumstances surrounding an identified and potentially material conflict, the Proxy Voting Chairman and Compliance Officer may take one or more of the following actions: (1) follow the prescribed Proxy Voting Policy and Guidelines; (2) split the votes: (3) delegate the decision to a third party; (4) have the Client vote its own proxy, in cases where the Client has entered into an agreement to do so in the event of an actual material conflict. The Proxy Voting Chairman and Compliance Officer will also advise the Proxy Coordinator for each referral item the (1) describes the conflict of interest; (2) discusses the procedures used to address such conflict of interest; and (3) discloses any contacts from parties outside Wall Street Associates (other than routine communications from proxy solicitors) with respect to the referral item not otherwise reported in an investment professional's recommendation. Written confirmation will be made that any recommendation from an investment professional p rovided under circumstances where a conflict of interest exists was made solely on the investment merits and without regard to any other consideration. |
2. | Wall Street Associates makes independent voting decisions. In voting shares on economic issues, voting decisions are made independently of directions given or threats of loss of business expressed or implied by an opponent or proponent of an economic issue, including the issuer of shares, plan sponsors, any other fiduciaries of the plan, or their respective agents. Wall Street Associates may allow such persons to express opinions with regard to economic issues but shall not reach a voting decision as a result of any improper pressure or directions. |
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| Wall Street Associates shall monitor information on the economic effect of proposals which are frequently submitted to stockholder votes so as: to have the necessary background to evaluate in a timely fashion the economic merits of particular proposals, to vote consistently on recurring proposals, absent unique economic effects and to be able to record clearly the reasons for taking the action chosen. Although Wall Street Associates will ordinarily vote consistently on recurring proposals, the case-by-case analysis required by this policy may require a vote which is inconsistent with prior votes on similar proposals. |
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3. | Recordkeeping Requirements. Wall Street Associates relies on the EDGAR system to maintain proxy statements regarding client securities, and utilized an independent third party to record proxy votes cast and to provide copies of such documents promptly on request. Also, the following records shall be maintained for a minimum of five years, the first two years in the office of Wall Street Associates: |
| a. | Wall Street Associates' updated Proxy Voting Policy; |
| b. | Records of client requests for proxy voting information; |
| c. | Copies of written responses to oral or written client requests for proxy voting information; and |
| d. | Documents prepares by Wall Street Associates material to the voting decision. |
4. | ERISA Considerations. Wall Street Associates shall not undertake on behalf of ERISA plans initiatives to place proposals before an issuer's stockholders unless such initiatives are judged to be in the interest of the plan participants and beneficiaries, to be cost beneficial, and to be otherwise consistent with ERISA. |
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5. | Tender Offers. The policies set forth above shall be applied when Wall Street Associates is called upon to decide whether to tender issues in a tender offer, including an issuer tender offer. |
PROXY VOTING RECORD
Information regarding how the proxies for each Portfolio were voted during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, 2005, is available on the Fund's website, www.waddell.com, and on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.
CAPITAL STOCK
Capital stock is currently divided into the following classes which are a type of class designated a series as that term is defined in the Articles of Incorporation of the Fund: Asset Strategy Portfolio, Balanced Portfolio, Bond Portfolio, Core Equity Portfolio, Dividend Income Portfolio, Energy Portfolio, Global Natural Resources Portfolio, Growth Portfolio, High Income Portfolio, International Growth Portfolio, International Value Portfolio, Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, Micro Cap Growth Portfolio, Mid Cap Growth Portfolio, Money Market Portfolio, Mortgage Securities Portfolio, Real Estate Securities Portfolio, Science and Technology Portfolio, Small Cap Growth Portfolio, Small Cap Value Portfolio and Value Portfolio. The Board may change the designation of any Portfolio and may increase or decrease the numbers of shares of any Portfolio but may not decrease the number of shares of any Portfolio below the number of shares then outstanding.
Each issued and outstanding share in a Portfolio is entitled to participate equally in dividends and other distributions declared by the Portfolio and, upon liquidation or dissolution, in net assets of such Portfolio remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. The shares of each Portfolio when issued are fully paid and nonassessable.
The Fund does not hold annual meetings of shareholders; however, certain significant corporate matters, such as the approval of a new investment advisory agreement or a change in a fundamental investment policy, which require shareholder approval, will be presented to shareholders at a meeting called by the Board for such purpose.
Special meetings of shareholders may be called for any purpose upon receipt by the Fund of a request in writing signed by shareholders holding not less than 25% of all shares entitled to vote at such meeting, provided certain conditions stated in the Bylaws are met. There will normally be no meeting of the shareholders for the purpose of electing directors until such time as less than a majority of directors holding office have been elected by shareholders, at which time the directors then in office will call a shareholders' meeting for the election of directors. To the extent that Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act applies to the Fund, the directors are required to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of any director when requested in writing to do so by the shareholders of record of not less than 10% of the Fund's outstanding shares.
All shares of the Fund have equal voting rights (regardless of the NAV per share) except that on matters affecting only one Portfolio, only shares of the respective Portfolio are entitled to vote. The shares do not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the shares of the Fund voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors of the Fund if they choose to do so, and in such event the holders of the remaining shares would not be able to elect any directors.
Matters in which the interests of all the Portfolios are substantially identical (such as the election of Directors or the approval of independent public accountants) will be voted on by all shareholders without regard to the separate Portfolios. Matters that affect all the Portfolios but where the interests of the Portfolios are not substantially identical (such as approval of the Investment Management Agreement) will be voted on separately by each Portfolio. Matters affecting only one Portfolio, such as a change in its fundamental policies, will be voted on separately by the Portfolio.
Matters requiring separate shareholder voting by a Portfolio shall have been effectively acted upon with respect to any Portfolio if a majority of the outstanding voting securities of that Portfolio votes for approval of the matter, notwithstanding that: (1) the matter has not been approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of any other Portfolio; or (2) the matter has not been approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The phrase a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Portfolio (or of a Fund) means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% of the shares of a Portfolio (or the Fund) present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a series (or a Fund).
To the extent required by law, Policyholders are entitled to give voting instructions with respect to Fund shares held in the separate accounts of Participating Insurance Companies. Participating Insurance Companies will vote the shares in accordance with such instructions unless otherwise legally required or permitted to act with respect to such instructions.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
The separate accounts of the Participating Insurance Companies place orders to purchase and redeem shares of each Portfolio based on, among other things, the amount of premium payments to be invested and the number of surrender and transfer requests to be effected on any day according to the terms of the Policies. Orders for shares of the Portfolios are executed at the time they are received by Waddell & Reed and at the NAV determined as of the close of trading on the previous business day, provided that the applicable Participating Insurance Company represents it has received such orders prior to the close of the NYSE on the previous business day. The applicable Participating Insurance Company may aggregate separately all purchase and/or redemption orders for shares of the Portfolios that it received prior to the close of trading on the NYSE (i.e., 3:00 Central time, unless the NYSE closes earlier in which case such earlier time shall apply). The applicable Participating Insurance Company will not ag gregate pre-3:00 Central time trades with post-3:00 Central time trades. The Portfolios may refuse to sell shares to any person or may suspend or terminate the offering of its shares if such action is required by law or by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction or is, in the sole discretion of the directors of the Portfolios, necessary in the best interest of the shareholders of the Portfolios. No sales charge is paid by any Participating Insurance Company for purchase of shares. Except where required or otherwise permitted by applicable law, redemption payment is generally made within seven days after receipt of a proper request to redeem. The Fund may suspend the right of redemption of shares of any Portfolio and may postpone payment for any period if any of the following conditions exist: (1) the NYSE is closed other than customary weekend and holiday closings or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (2) the SEC has determined that a state of emergency exists which may make payment or transfer not reason ably practicable; (3) the SEC has permitted suspension of the right of redemption of shares for the protection of the shareholders of the Fund; or (4) applicable laws and regulations otherwise permit the Fund to suspend payment on the redemption of shares. Redemptions are ordinarily made in cash but under extraordinary conditions the Fund's Board may determine that the making of cash payments is undesirable. In such case, redemption payments may be made in Portfolio securities. The redeeming shareholders would incur brokerage costs in selling such securities. The Fund has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, pursuant to which it is obligated to redeem shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of its NAV during any 90-day period for any one shareholder.
Should any conflict between Policyowners arise which would require that a substantial amount of net assets be withdrawn from a Portfolio, orderly portfolio management could be disrupted to the potential detriment of Policyowners.
Except as otherwise noted, and via the Participating Insurance Company, a Policyowner may indirectly sell shares and buy shares of another Portfolio, also known as a transfer or an exchange privilege.
Shareholder Communications
Policyowners will receive, from the Participating Insurance Companies, financial statements of the Portfolios as required under the 1940 Act. Each report shows the investments owned by the Portfolios and the market values thereof and provides other information about the Fund and its operations.
Net Asset Value
The NAV of one of the shares of a Portfolio is the value of the Portfolio's assets, less liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding. For example, if on a particular day a Portfolio owned securities worth $100 and held cash of $15, the total value of the assets would be $115. If it had a liability of $5, the NAV would be $110 ($115 minus $5). If it had 11 shares outstanding, the NAV of one share would be $10 ($110 divided by 11). Money Market Portfolio is designed so that the value of each share of this Portfolio will remain fixed at $1.00 per share, except under extraordinary circumstances, although this may not always be possible.
The NAV per share of each Portfolio is ordinarily computed once each day that the NYSE is open for trading as of the close of the regular session of the NYSE or the close of the regular session of any other securities or commodities exchange on which an option or future held by a Portfolio is traded. The NYSE ordinarily closes at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, it is possible that the NYSE may close on other days. The NAV may change every business day, since the value of the assets and the number of shares outstanding typically change every business day.
Under Rule 2a-7, Money Market Portfolio uses the amortized cost method for valuing its portfolio securities provided it meets certain conditions. As a general matter, the primary conditions imposed under Rule 2a-7 relating to the Portfolio's investments are that the Portfolio must: (1) not maintain a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity in excess of 90 days; (2) limit its investments, including repurchase agreements, to those instruments which are U.S. dollar denominated and which WRIMCO, pursuant to guidelines established by the Fund's Board of Directors, determines present minimal credit risks and which are rated in one of the two highest rating categories by the NRSRO(s), as defined in Rule 2a-7; or, in the case of any instrument that is not rated, of comparable quality as determined under procedures established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Fund's Board of Directors; (3) limit its investments in the securities of any one issuer (except U.S. government securiti es) to no more than 5% of its assets; (4) limit its investments in securities rated in the second highest rating category by the NRSRO(s) or comparable unrated securities to no more than 5% of its assets; (5) limit its investments in the securities of any one issuer which are rated in the second highest rating category by the NRSRO(s) or comparable unrated securities to the greater of 1% of its assets or $1,000,000; and (6) limit its investments to securities with a remaining maturity of not more than 397 days. Rule 2a-7 sets forth the method by which the maturity of a security is determined. The amortized cost method involves valuing a security at its cost and thereafter assuming a constant amortization rate to maturity of any discount or premium, and does not reflect the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the security. This method does not take into account unrealized gains or losses.
While the amortized cost method provides some degree of certainty in valuation, there may be periods during which value, as determined by amortized cost, is higher or lower than the price the Portfolio would receive if it sold the instrument. During periods of declining interest rates, the daily yield on the Portfolio's shares may tend to be higher than a like computation made by a fund with identical investments utilizing a method of valuation based upon market prices and estimates of market prices for all of its portfolio instruments and changing its dividends based on these changing prices. Thus, if the use of amortized cost by the Portfolio resulted in a lower aggregate portfolio value on a particular day, a prospective investor in the Portfolio's shares would be able to obtain a somewhat higher yield than would result from investment in such a fund, and existing investors in the Portfolio's shares would receive less investment income. The converse would apply in a period of rising interest rates.
Under Rule 2a-7, the Fund's Board of Directors must establish procedures designed to stabilize, to the extent reasonably possible, the Portfolio's price per share as computed for the purpose of sales and redemptions at $1.00. Such procedures must include review of the portfolio holdings by the Board of Directors at such intervals as it may deem appropriate and at such intervals as are reasonable in light of current market conditions to determine whether the Portfolio's NAV calculated by using available market quotations (see below) deviates from the per share value based on amortized cost.
For the purpose of determining whether there is any deviation between the value of the Portfolio based on amortized cost and that determined on the basis of available market quotations, if there are readily available market quotations, investments are valued at the mean between the bid and asked prices. If such market quotations are not available, the investments will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Fund's Board of Directors, including being valued at prices based on market quotations for investments of similar type, yield and duration.
Under Rule 2a-7, if the extent of any deviation between the NAV per share based upon available market quotations and the NAV per share based on amortized cost exceeds one-half of 1%, the Board of Directors must promptly consider what action, if any, will be initiated. When the Board of Directors believes that the extent of any deviation may result in material dilution or other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders, it is required to take such action as it deems appropriate to eliminate or reduce to the extent reasonably practicable such dilution or unfair results. Such actions could include the sale of portfolio securities prior to maturity to realize capital gains or losses or to shorten average portfolio maturity, withholding dividends or payment of distributions from capital or capital gains, redemptions of shares in kind, or establishing a NAV per share using available market quotations.
The portfolio securities of the Portfolios (other than Money Market Portfolio) that are listed or traded on a stock exchange are valued on the basis of the last sale on that day or, lacking any sales, at the mean of the last bid and asked prices available. In cases where securities or other instruments are traded on more than one exchange, such securities or other instruments generally are valued on the exchange designated by WRIMCO (under procedures established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Board of Directors) as the primary market. Securities traded in the OTC market are valued using the Nasdaq Stock Market, which provides information on bid and asked prices quoted by major dealers in such stocks.
Bonds, other than convertible bonds, are valued using a third-party pricing system. Convertible bonds are valued using this pricing system only on days when there is no sale reported. Short-term debt securities held by the Portfolios are valued at amortized cost. When market quotations for options and futures contracts and non-exchange traded foreign securities held by a Portfolio are readily available, those securities will be valued based upon such quotations. Market quotations generally will not be available for options traded in the OTC market. Warrants and rights to purchase securities are valued at market value. When market quotations are not readily available, securities, options, futures contracts and other assets are valued at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Board of Directors.
Foreign currency exchange rates are generally determined prior to the close of trading of the regular session of the NYSE. Occasionally events affecting the value of foreign investments and such exchange rates occur between the time at which they are determined and the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE, which events will not be reflected in a computation of a Portfolio's NAV on that day. If events materially affecting the value of such investments or currency exchange rates occur during such time period, investments will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. The foreign currency exchange transactions of a Portfolio conducted on a spot (that is, cash) basis are valued at the spot rate for purchasing or selling currency prevailing on the foreign exchange market. This rate under normal market conditions differs from the prevailing exchange rate in an amount generally less than one-tenth of one percent due to the co sts of converting from one currency to another.
Options and futures contracts purchased and held by a Portfolio are valued at the last sales price thereof on the securities or commodities exchanges on which they are traded, or, if there are no transactions, at the mean between bid and asked prices. Ordinarily, the close of the regular session for options trading on national securities exchanges is 4:10 p.m. Eastern time and the close for the regular session for commodities exchanges is 4:15 p.m. Eastern time. Futures contracts will be valued with reference to established futures exchanges. The value of a futures contract purchased by a Portfolio will be either the closing price of that contract or the bid price. Conversely, the value of a futures contract sold by a Portfolio will be either the closing purchase price or the asked price.
When a Portfolio writes a put or call, an amount equal to the premium received is included in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities as an asset, and an equivalent deferred credit is included in the liability section. The deferred credit is marked-to-market (that is, treated as sold for its fair market value) to reflect the current market value of the put or call. If a call a Portfolio wrote is exercised, the proceeds received on the sale of the related investment are increased by the amount of the premium the Portfolio received. If a Portfolio exercised a call it purchased, the amount paid to purchase the related investment is increased by the amount of the premium paid. If a put written by a Portfolio is exercised, the amount that the Portfolio pays to purchase the related investment is decreased by the amount of the premium it received. If a Portfolio exercises a put it purchased, the amount the Portfolio receives from the sale of the related investment is reduced by the amount of the premium it paid. If a put or call written by a Portfolio expires, it has a gain in the amount of the premium; if a Portfolio enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will have a gain or loss depending on whether the premium was more or less than the cost of the closing transaction.
Optional delivery standby commitments are valued at fair value under the general supervision and responsibility of the Fund's Board of Directors. They are accounted for in the same manner as exchange-listed puts.
TAXATION OF THE PORTFOLIOS
General
Shares of the Portfolios are offered only to insurance company separate accounts that fund Policies. See the applicable Policy prospectus for a discussion of the special taxation of insurance companies with respect to such accounts and of the Policyholders.
Each Portfolio is treated as a separate corporation for Federal income tax purposes. Each Portfolio has qualified, since inception, for treatment as a RIC under the Code, so that it is relieved of Federal income tax on that part of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of net investment income, the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and, for each Portfolio other than Money Market Portfolio and Limited-Term Bond Portfolio, net gains from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders. To continue to qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Portfolio must distribute to its shareholders for each taxable year at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (Distribution Requirement) and must meet several additional requirements. For each Portfolio, these requirements include the following:
(1) the Portfolio must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies or other income (including gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies and (b) as a result of the 2004 Act, net income from an interest in a QPTP (Income Requirement); and
(2) at the close of each quarter of the Portfolio's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities that are limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer's outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for these purposes) (50% Diversification Requirement) and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets may be invested in (i) the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (ii) the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Portfolio controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (iii) the securities of one or more QPTPs (c ollectively, RIC Diversification Requirements).
Gains derived by Asset Strategy Portfolio and Global Natural Resources Portfolio from investments in options or futures on gold that are made for the purpose of hedging the Portfolio's investment in securities of companies in the businesses of mining, processing, producing, exploring for, refining, or selling gold generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the Income Requirement. However, direct investments by either of those Portfolios in precious metals or in options or futures on gold made for non-hedging purposes would have adverse tax consequences for the Portfolio and its shareholders if it either (1) derived more than 10% of its gross income in any taxable year from the disposition of such metals, options, and futures and from other income that does not qualify under the Income Requirement or (2) held metals, options, and futures in such quantities that it failed to satisfy the 50% Diversification Requirement. Each of those Portfolios intends to continue to manage its holding s so as to avoid failing to satisfy those requirements for these reasons.
Each Portfolio intends to continue to comply with the diversification requirements imposed on the Participating Insurance Companies' separate accounts by section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations thereunder. These requirements, which are in addition to RIC Diversification Requirements and the diversification requirements imposed on the Portfolios by the 1940 Act, place certain limitations on the assets of each separate account -- and, because section 817(h) and those regulations treat the assets of each Portfolio as assets of the related separate account, of each Portfolio -- that may be invested in securities of a single issuer. Specifically, the regulations provide that, except as permitted by the safe harbor described below, as of the end of each calendar quarter or within 30 days thereafter, no more than 55% of a Portfolio's total assets may be represented by any one investment, no more than 70% by any two investments, no more than 80% by any three investments, and no more than 90% by any four i nvestments. For this purpose, all securities of the same issuer are considered a single investment, and while each U.S. government agency and instrumentality is considered a separate issuer, a particular foreign government and its agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions all are considered the same issuer. Section 817(h) provides, as a safe harbor, that a separate account will be treated as being adequately diversified if the RIC Diversification Requirements are satisfied and no more than 55% of the value of the account's total assets are cash and cash items, government securities and securities of other RICs. Failure of a Portfolio to satisfy the section 817(h) requirements would result in taxation of the Participating Insurance Companies and treatment of the Policyowners other than as described in the prospectuses for the Policies.
If any Portfolio failed to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, (1) it would be taxed at corporate rates on the full amount of its taxable income for that year without being able to deduct the distributions it makes to its shareholders, (2) the shareholders would treat all those distributions, including distributions of net capital gain as dividends to the extent of the Portfolio's earnings and profits, taxable as ordinary income (except that, for individual shareholders, the part thereof that is "qualified dividend income" would be taxable at the rate for net capital gain -- a maximum of 15%); those dividends would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction available to corporations under certain circumstances and (3) most importantly, each insurance company separate account invested therein would fail to satisfy the diversification requirements of Code section 817(h), with the result that the Policies supported by that account would no longer be eligible for tax deferral . In addition, the Portfolio could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment.
Income from Foreign Securities
Dividends and interest received, and gains realized, by a Portfolio (other than the Limited-Term Bond Portfolio) on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions (foreign taxes) that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate foreign taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains in respect of investments by foreign investors.
Each Portfolio (other than Money Market Portfolio and Limited-Term Bond Portfolio) may invest in the stock of passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). A PFIC is any foreign corporation that (with certain exceptions), in general, meets either of the following tests: (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a Portfolio will be subject to Federal income tax on a portion of any excess distribution received on the stock of a PFIC or of any gain on disposition of the stock (collectively, PFIC income), plus interest thereon, even if the Portfolio distributes the PFIC income as a taxable dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Portfolio's investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders.
If a Portfolio invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF), then in lieu of the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Portfolio will be required to include in income each year its pro rata share of the QEF's annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain -- which the Portfolio probably would have to distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requiremen -- even if those earnings and gain were not distributed to the Portfolio by the QEF. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements thereof.
The Portfolio may elect to mark to market its stock in any PFIC. Marking-to-market, in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any, of the fair market value of a PFIC's stock over the Portfolio's adjusted basis therein as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, the Portfolio also may deduct (as an ordinary, not capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock included by the Portfolio for prior taxable years under the election. A Portfolio's adjusted basis in each PFIC's stock with respect to which it makes this election will be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken under the election.
Foreign Currency Gains and Losses
Gains or losses (1) from the disposition of foreign currencies, including forward currency contracts, (2) on the disposition of each debt security denominated in a foreign currency that are attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security and the date of disposition, and (3) that are attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates that occur between the time a Portfolio accrues interest, dividends or other receivables, or expenses or other liabilities, denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Portfolio actually collects the receivables or pays the liabilities, generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses may increase or decrease the amount of a Portfolio's investment company taxable income that must be distributed to its shareholders, rather than affecting the amount of its net capital gain.
Income from Options, Futures and Forward Currency Contracts and Foreign Currencies
The use of hedging and option income strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts and entering into forward currency contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of the gains and losses a Portfolio realizes in connection therewith. Gains from the disposition of foreign currencies (except certain gains that may be excluded by future regulations), and gains from options, futures contracts and forward currency contracts derived by a Portfolio with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies (see the discussion above regarding options and futures on gold), will qualify as permissible income under the Income Requirement.
Any income a Portfolio earns from writing options is treated as short-term capital gains. If a Portfolio enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will have a short-term capital gain or loss based on the difference between the premium it received for the option it wrote and the premium it pays for the option it buys. If an option written by a Portfolio lapses without being exercised, the premium it receives also will be a short-term capital gain. If such an option is exercised and the Portfolio thus sells the securities subject to the option, the premium the Portfolio receives will be added to the exercise price to determine the gain or loss on the sale.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward currency contracts in which a Portfolio may invest may be section 1256 contracts. Section 1256 contracts held by a Portfolio at the end of its taxable year, other than contracts subject to a mixed straddle election made by the Portfolio, are marked-to-market (that is, treated as sold at that time for their fair market value) for Federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gains or losses recognized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gains or losses from any actual sales of section 1256 contracts, are treated as long-term capital gains or losses, and the balance is treated as short-term capital gains or losses. A Portfolio may need to distribute any mark-to-market gains to its shareholders to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, even though it may not have closed the transactions and received cash to pay the distributions.
Code section 1092 (dealing with straddles) may also affect the taxation of options and futures contracts in which a Portfolio may invest. That section defines a "straddle" as offsetting positions with respect to actively traded personal property; for these purposes, options, futures contracts and forward currency contracts are positions in personal property. Section 1092 generally provides that any loss from the disposition of a position in a straddle may be deducted only to the extent the loss exceeds the unrealized gain on the offsetting position(s) of the straddle. In addition, these rules may postpone the recognition of loss that would otherwise be recognized under the mark-to-market rules discussed above. The regulations under section 1092 also provide certain "wash sale" rules, which apply to any transaction where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and "short sale" rules applicable to straddles. If a Portf olio makes certain elections, the amount, character and timing of the recognition of gains and losses from the affected straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the elections made. Because only a few of the regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences of straddle transactions to a Portfolio are not entirely clear.
If a Portfolio has an appreciated financial position -- generally, an interest (including an interest through an option, futures or forward currency contract or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than straight debt) or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis -- and enters into a constructive sale of the position, the Portfolio will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that gain will be recognized at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or futures or forward currency contract entered into by a Portfolio or a related person with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any Portfolio's transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Portfolio holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Portfolio's risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale, or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
Zero Coupon Securities
A Portfolio may acquire zero coupon or other securities issued with OID. As the holder of those securities, a Portfolio must include in its income the OID that accrues on the securities during the taxable year, even if the Portfolio receives no corresponding payment on the securities during the year. Because each Portfolio annually must distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income, including any accrued OID, to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, a Portfolio may be required in a particular year to distribute as a dividend an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash it actually receives. Those distributions will be made from a Portfolio's cash assets or from the proceeds of sales of portfolio securities, if necessary. A Portfolio may realize capital gains or losses from those sales, which would increase or decrease its investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.
The Fund's Financial Statements, including notes thereto and the report of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 are incorporated herein by reference. They are contained in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders, dated December 31, 2005, which is available upon request.
APPENDIX A
The following are descriptions of some of the ratings of securities which the Fund may use. The Fund may also use ratings provided by other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations in determining the eligibility of securities for the Portfolios.
DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS
Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. An S&P corporate or municipal bond rating is a current assessment of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. This assessment of creditworthiness may take into consideration obligors such as guarantors, insurers or lessees.
The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.
The ratings are based on current information furnished to S&P by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform any audit in connection with any ratings and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.
The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
1. | Likelihood of default -- capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
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2. | Nature of and provisions of the obligation; |
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3. | Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights. |
A brief description of the applicable S&P rating symbols and their meanings follow:
AAA -- Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA -- Debt rated AA also qualifies as high-quality debt. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, and debt rated AA differs from AAA issues only in a small degree.
A -- Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB -- Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC, C -- Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB -- Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B -- Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB- rating.
CCC -- Debt rated CCC has a currently indefinable vulnerability to default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B- rating.
CC -- The rating CC is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
C -- The rating C is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.
CI -- The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D -- Debt rated D is in payment default. It is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on a due date even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace periods. The D rating will also be used upon a filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) -- To provide more detailed indications of credit quality, the ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR -- Indicates that no public rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular type of obligation as a matter of policy.
Debt Obligations of issuers outside the United States and its territories are rated on the same basis as domestic corporate and municipal issues. The ratings measure the creditworthiness of the obligor but do not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties.
Bond Investment Quality Standards: Under present commercial bank regulations issued by the Comptroller of the Currency, bonds rated in the top four categories (AAA, AA, A, BBB, commonly known as Investment Grade ratings) are generally regarded as eligible for bank investment. In addition, the Legal Investment Laws of various states governing legal investments may impose certain rating or other standards for obligations eligible for investment by savings banks, trust companies, insurance companies and fiduciaries generally.
Moody's. A brief description of the applicable Moody's rating symbols and their meanings follows:
Aaa -- Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as gilt edge. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa -- Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuations of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A -- Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa -- Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Some bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
NOTE: Bonds within the above categories which possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbol 1 following the rating.
Ba -- Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B -- Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa -- Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca -- Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C -- Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK RATINGS
Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. An S&P preferred stock rating is an assessment of the capacity and willingness of an issuer to pay preferred stock dividends and any applicable sinking fund obligations. A preferred stock rating differs from a bond rating inasmuch as it is assigned to an equity issue, which issue is intrinsically different from, and subordinated to, a debt issue. Therefore, to reflect this difference, the preferred stock rating symbol will normally not be higher than the debt rating symbol assigned to, or that would be assigned to, the senior debt of the same issuer.
The preferred stock ratings are based on the following considerations:
1. | Likelihood of payment - capacity and willingness of the issuer to meet the timely payment of preferred stock dividends and any applicable sinking fund requirements in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
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2. | Nature of, and provisions of, the issue; |
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3. | Relative position of the issue in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights. |
AAA -- This is the highest rating that may be assigned by S&P to a preferred stock issue and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay the preferred stock obligations.
AA -- A preferred stock issue rated AA also qualifies as a high-quality fixed income security. The capacity to pay preferred stock obligations is very strong, although not as overwhelming as for issues rated AAA.
A -- An issue rated A is backed by a sound capacity to pay the preferred stock obligations, although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB -- An issue rated BBB is regarded as backed by an adequate capacity to pay the preferred stock obligations. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make payments for a preferred stock in this category than for issues in the 'A' category.
BB, B, CCC -- Preferred stock rated BB, B, and CCC are regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay preferred stock obligations. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and CCC the highest degree of speculation. While such issues will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
CC -- The rating CC is reserved for a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments but that is currently paying.
C -- A preferred stock rated C is a non-paying issue.
D -- A preferred stock rated D is a non-paying issue with the issuer in default on debt instruments.
NR -- This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular type of obligation as a matter of policy.
Plus (+) or minus (-) -- To provide more detailed indications of preferred stock quality, the rating from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
A preferred stock rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a security inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to S&P by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.
Moody's. Note: Moody's applies numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each rating classification; the modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Preferred stock rating symbols and their definitions are as follows:
aaa -- An issue which is rated aaa is considered to be a top-quality preferred stock. This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks.
aa -- An issue which is rated aa is considered a high-grade preferred stock. This rating indicates that there is a reasonable assurance the earnings and asset protection will remain relatively well-maintained in the foreseeable future.
a -- An issue which is rated a is considered to be an upper-medium grade preferred stock. While risks are judged to be somewhat greater than in the aaa and aa classification, earnings and asset protection are, nevertheless, expected to be maintained at adequate levels.
baa -- An issue which is rated baa is considered to be a medium-grade preferred stock, neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Earnings and asset protection appear adequate at present but may be questionable over any great length of time.
ba -- An issue which is rated ba is considered to have speculative elements and its future cannot be considered well assured. Earnings and asset protection may be very moderate and not well safeguarded during adverse periods. Uncertainty of position characterizes preferred stocks in this class.
b -- An issue which is rated b generally lacks the characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of dividend payments and maintenance of other terms of the issue over any long period of time may be small.
caa -- An issue which is rated caa is likely to be in arrears on dividend payments. This rating designation does not purport to indicate the future status of payments.
ca -- An issue which is rated ca is speculative in a high degree and is likely to be in arrears on dividends with little likelihood of eventual payments.
c -- This is the lowest rated class of preferred or preference stock. Issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt considered short-term in the relevant market. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A-1 for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. Issuers rated A are further referred to by use of numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety. Issues assigned an A rating (the highest rating) are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. An A-1 designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation. An A-2 rating indicates that capacity for timely payment is satisfactory; however, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues rated A-3 have adequate capacity for ti mely payment; however, they are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations. Issues rated B are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment. A C rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity for payment. Debt rated D is in payment default, which occurs when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period.
Moody's commercial paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually promissory obligations not having an original maturity in excess of nine months. Moody's employs the designations of Prime 1, Prime 2 and Prime 3, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers. Issuers rated Prime 1 have a superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations and repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by (1) leading market positions in well established industries; (2) high rates of return on funds employed; (3) conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection; (4) broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation; and (5) well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity. Issuer s rated Prime 2 also have a strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations as will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics described above for Prime 1 issuers, but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variation; capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions; and ample alternate liquidity is maintained. Issuers rated Prime 3 have an acceptable capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations, as will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics above for Prime 1 issuers, but to a lesser degree. The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced; variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and requirement for relatively high financial leverage; and adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
DESCRIPTION OF NOTE RATINGS
Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. An S&P note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes maturing in 3 years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond 3 years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment.
| --Amortization schedule (the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely the issue is to be treated as a note). |
| --Source of Payment (the more the issue depends on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it is to be treated as a note.) |
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| The note rating symbols and definitions are as follows: |
| SP-1 | Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Issues determined to possess very strong characteristics are given a plus (+) designation. |
| SP-2 | Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. |
| SP-3 | Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest. |
Moody's. Moody's Short-Term Loan Ratings -- Moody's ratings for state and municipal short-term obligations will be designated Moody's Investment Grade (MIG). This distinction is in recognition of the differences between short-term credit risk and long-term risk. Factors affecting the liquidity of the borrower are uppermost in importance in short-term borrowing, while various factors of major importance in bond risk are of lesser importance over the short run. Rating symbols and their meanings follow:
MIG 1 -- This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 -- This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 -- This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but this is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
MIG 4 -- This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.
Fitch Ratings-National Short-term Credit Ratings
F1-Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Under Fitch Ratings' national rating scale, this rating is assigned to the best credit risk relative to all others in the same country and is normally assigned to all financial commitments issued or guaranteed by the government. Where the credit risk is particularly strong, a + is added to the assigned rating.
F2-Indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative other issuers in the same country. However, the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
F3-Indicates an adequate capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. However, such capacity is more susceptible to near-term adverse changes than for financial commitments in higher rated categories.
B-Indicates an uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Such capacity is highly susceptible to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C-Indicates a highly uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issues in the same country. Capacity or meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D-Indicates actual or imminent payment default.
Notes to Short-term national rating:
+ or - may be appended to a national rating to denote relative status within a major rating category. Such suffixes are not added to Short-term national ratings other than F1.
Ratings Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as Positive, indicating a potential upgrade, Negative, for a potential downgrade, or Evolving, if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.