Investments | (4) Investments Debt and equity securities are classified as AFS and are carried at fair value. The Company evaluates whether AFS securities are other-than-temporarily impaired (OTTI) based on criteria that include the extent to which cost exceeds market value, the duration of the market value decline, the credit rating of the issuer or security, the failure of the issuer to make scheduled principal or interest payments and the financial health and prospects of the issuer or security. Declines in the value of AFS securities determined to be OTTI are recognized in earnings and reported as OTTI losses. Debt securities with unrealized losses are considered OTTI if the Company intends to sell the debt security or if the Company will be required to sell the debt security prior to any anticipated recovery. If the Company determines that a debt security is OTTI under these circumstances, the impairment recognized in earnings is measured as the difference between the amortized cost and the current fair value. A debt security is also determined to be OTTI if the Company does not expect to recover the amortized cost of the debt security. However, in this circumstance, if the Company does not intend to sell the debt security and will not be required to sell the debt security, the impairment recognized in earnings equals the estimated credit loss as measured by the difference between the present value of expected cash flows and the amortized cost of the debt security. Expected cash flows are discounted using the debt security’s effective interest rate. An equity security is determined to be OTTI if the Company does not expect to recover the cost of the equity security. Declines in the value of AFS securities determined to be temporary are reported net of income taxes as other comprehensive losses and included as a component of stockholders’ equity. Interest and dividend income, amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts and realized gains and losses on AFS securities are included in investment income. Interest income is accrued as earned. Dividend income is recognized as income on the ex-dividend date of the equity security. The cost of AFS securities sold is based on the first-in, first-out method. Following is a summary of AFS securities as of March 26, 2016 and December 26, 2015 : Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (Amounts are in thousands) March 26, 2016 Tax exempt bonds $ 3,515,795 17,502 2,781 3,530,516 Taxable bonds 2,478,317 5,761 3,549 2,480,529 Restricted investments 164,549 — 309 164,240 Equity securities 845,670 79,480 32,904 892,246 $ 7,004,331 102,743 39,543 7,067,531 December 26, 2015 Tax exempt bonds $ 3,336,841 12,038 2,737 3,346,142 Taxable bonds 2,214,366 1,492 10,399 2,205,459 Restricted investments 164,548 — 1,389 163,159 Equity securities 836,153 78,378 26,357 888,174 $ 6,551,908 91,908 40,882 6,602,934 Realized gains on sales of AFS securities totaled $9,251,000 for the three months ended March 26, 2016 . Realized losses on sales of AFS securities totaled $3,555,000 for the three months ended March 26, 2016 . Realized gains on sales of AFS securities totaled $16,266,000 for the three months ended March 28, 2015 . Realized losses on sales of AFS securities totaled $892,000 for the three months ended March 28, 2015 . The amortized cost and fair value of AFS securities by expected maturity as of March 26, 2016 and December 26, 2015 are as follows: March 26, 2016 December 26, 2015 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (Amounts are in thousands) Due in one year or less $ 1,400,279 1,402,034 1,375,450 1,376,698 Due after one year through five years 4,089,875 4,103,952 3,951,600 3,948,654 Due after five years through ten years 444,990 445,322 161,732 162,999 Due after ten years 58,968 59,737 62,425 63,250 5,994,112 6,011,045 5,551,207 5,551,601 Restricted investments 164,549 164,240 164,548 163,159 Equity securities 845,670 892,246 836,153 888,174 $ 7,004,331 7,067,531 6,551,908 6,602,934 Following is a summary of temporarily impaired AFS securities by the time period impaired as of March 26, 2016 and December 26, 2015 : Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (Amounts are in thousands) March 26, 2016 Tax exempt bonds $ 533,673 2,736 11,743 45 545,416 2,781 Taxable bonds 730,768 2,950 176,955 599 907,723 3,549 Restricted investments 164,240 309 — — 164,240 309 Equity securities 357,258 25,288 21,831 7,616 379,089 32,904 $ 1,785,939 31,283 210,529 8,260 1,996,468 39,543 December 26, 2015 Tax exempt bonds $ 890,907 2,264 63,474 473 954,381 2,737 Taxable bonds 1,676,719 9,988 70,309 411 1,747,028 10,399 Restricted investments 163,159 1,389 — — 163,159 1,389 Equity securities 274,517 20,561 16,112 5,796 290,629 26,357 $ 3,005,302 34,202 149,895 6,680 3,155,197 40,882 There are 296 AFS securities contributing to the total unrealized loss of $39,543,000 as of March 26, 2016 . Unrealized losses related to debt securities are primarily due to interest rate volatility impacting the market value of certain bonds. The Company continues to receive scheduled principal and interest payments on these debt securities. Unrealized losses related to equity securities are primarily due to temporary equity market fluctuations that are expected to recover. |