LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 7. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans receivable at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows: Summary of Loans by Type (In Thousands) December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 739,565 $ 737,342 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 261,071 237,246 All other commercial loans 423,277 399,693 Residential mortgage loans 408,009 413,714 Consumer loans 63,926 60,144 Total 1,895,848 1,848,139 Less: allowance for credit losses on loans (20,035) (19,208) Loans, net $ 1,875,813 $ 1,828,931 In the table above, outstanding loan balances are presented net of deferred loan origination fees of $4,136,000 at December 31, 2024 and $4,459,000 at December 31, 2023. The Corporation grants loans to individuals as well as commercial and tax-exempt entities. Commercial, residential and personal loans are made to customers geographically concentrated in Northcentral Pennsylvania, the Southern tier of New York State, Southeastern Pennsylvania and Southcentral Pennsylvania. Although the Corporation has a diversified loan portfolio, a significant portion of its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent on the local economic conditions within the region. The following table presents an analysis of past due loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: (In Thousands) As of December 31, 2024 Past Due Past Due 30-89 90+ Days Nonaccrual Current Total Days Still Accruing Loans Loans Loans Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 266 $ 0 $ 7,370 $ 731,929 $ 739,565 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 0 62 1,725 259,284 261,071 All other commercial loans 296 0 10,006 412,975 423,277 Residential mortgage loans 4,934 0 4,310 398,765 408,009 Consumer loans 162 57 431 63,276 63,926 Total $ 5,658 $ 119 $ 23,842 $ 1,866,229 $ 1,895,848 (In Thousands) As of December 31, 2023 Past Due Past Due 30-89 90+ Days Nonaccrual Current Total Days Still Accruing Loans Loans Loans Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 2,215 $ 126 $ 8,412 $ 726,589 $ 737,342 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 849 0 1,575 234,822 237,246 All other commercial loans 229 2,593 1,323 395,548 399,693 Residential mortgage loans 5,365 326 3,627 404,396 413,714 Consumer loans 617 145 240 59,142 60,144 Total $ 9,275 $ 3,190 $ 15,177 $ 1,820,497 $ 1,848,139 The Corporation uses an internal risk rating system. Under the risk rating system, the Corporation classifies problem or potential problem loans as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” or “Doubtful” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. Loans that do not currently expose the Corporation to sufficient risk to warrant classification as Substandard or Doubtful, but possess weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention, are deemed to be Special Mention. Substandard loans include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Risk ratings are updated any time that conditions or the situation warrants. Loans not classified are included in the “Pass” rows in the table that follows. Residential mortgage and consumer loans are classified as Pass unless they become 90 days delinquent at which time their classification is changed to Substandard. Such loans are classified as Substandard until six consecutive on-time payments are made at which time their classification is changes back to Pass. The following table presents the amortized cost in loans by credit quality indicators by year of origination as of December 31, 2024: (In Thousands) Term Loans by Year of Origination 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Total Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied Pass $ 59,708 $ 99,900 $ 161,497 $ 78,884 $ 51,851 $ 243,578 $ 0 $ 695,418 Special Mention 0 0 16,233 1,371 0 8,188 0 25,792 Substandard 116 0 9,928 0 0 8,311 0 18,355 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 59,824 $ 99,900 $ 187,658 $ 80,255 $ 51,851 $ 260,077 $ 0 $ 739,565 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 757 $ 0 $ 757 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass $ 25,552 $ 33,533 $ 52,207 $ 49,410 $ 11,444 $ 76,558 $ 0 $ 248,704 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 961 0 961 Substandard 0 5,125 729 2,367 0 3,185 0 11,406 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied $ 25,552 $ 38,658 $ 52,936 $ 51,777 $ 11,444 $ 80,704 $ 0 $ 261,071 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 All other commercial loans Pass $ 73,812 $ 74,301 $ 44,245 $ 44,367 $ 23,084 $ 30,656 $ 109,121 $ 399,586 Special Mention 533 0 2,306 2 0 0 2,147 4,988 Substandard 44 0 3,478 5,229 109 1,078 8,765 18,703 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total all other commercial loans $ 74,389 $ 74,301 $ 50,029 $ 49,598 $ 23,193 $ 31,734 $ 120,033 $ 423,277 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 427 $ 60 $ 21 $ 122 $ 0 $ 630 Residential mortgage loans Pass $ 41,450 $ 48,937 $ 80,789 $ 50,108 $ 35,601 $ 146,231 $ 0 $ 403,116 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 380 0 85 82 4,346 0 4,893 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total residential mortgage loans $ 41,450 $ 49,317 $ 80,789 $ 50,193 $ 35,683 $ 150,577 $ 0 $ 408,009 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Consumer loans Pass $ 3,859 $ 3,441 $ 2,848 $ 1,013 $ 599 $ 679 $ 50,860 $ 63,299 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 8 4 0 0 71 544 627 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total consumer loans $ 3,859 $ 3,449 $ 2,852 $ 1,013 $ 599 $ 750 $ 51,404 $ 63,926 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 69 $ 130 $ 7 $ 8 $ 1 $ 114 $ 329 Total Loans Pass $ 204,381 $ 260,112 $ 341,586 $ 223,782 $ 122,579 $ 497,702 $ 159,981 $ 1,810,123 Special Mention 533 0 18,539 1,373 0 9,149 2,147 31,741 Substandard 160 5,513 14,139 7,681 191 16,991 9,309 53,984 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 205,074 $ 265,625 $ 374,264 $ 232,836 $ 122,770 $ 523,842 $ 171,437 $ 1,895,848 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 69 $ 557 $ 67 $ 29 $ 880 114 $ 1,716 The following table presents the amortized cost in loans by credit quality indicators by year of origination as of December 31, 2023: Term Loans by Year of Origination (In Thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied Pass $ 96,615 $ 167,484 $ 89,582 $ 55,390 $ 80,020 $ 207,017 0 696,108 Special Mention 0 20,072 2,446 0 116 6,188 0 28,822 Substandard 0 0 0 18 566 11,828 0 12,412 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 96,615 $ 187,556 $ 92,028 $ 55,408 $ 80,702 $ 225,033 $ 0 $ 737,342 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass $ 33,761 $ 37,429 $ 52,090 $ 12,858 $ 17,505 $ 71,775 $ 0 $ 225,418 Special Mention 104 746 0 0 0 166 0 1,016 Substandard 5,200 0 2,567 0 0 3,045 0 10,812 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied $ 39,065 $ 38,175 $ 54,657 $ 12,858 $ 17,505 $ 74,986 $ 0 $ 237,246 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 All other commercial loans Pass $ 58,393 $ 90,560 $ 51,813 $ 27,718 $ 16,421 $ 24,326 $ 107,234 $ 376,465 Special Mention 0 2,690 5,043 8 0 794 301 8,836 Substandard 0 1,267 1,250 453 679 1,085 9,658 14,392 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total all other commercial loans $ 58,393 $ 94,517 $ 58,106 $ 28,179 $ 17,100 $ 26,205 $ 117,193 $ 399,693 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 12 $ 12 Residential mortgage loans Pass $ 57,300 $ 87,519 $ 56,183 $ 39,411 $ 32,401 $ 135,546 $ 0 $ 408,360 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 0 285 369 4,700 0 5,354 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total residential mortgage loans $ 57,300 $ 87,519 $ 56,183 $ 39,696 $ 32,770 $ 140,246 $ 0 $ 413,714 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 33 $ 0 $ 33 Consumer loans Pass $ 6,020 $ 4,664 $ 1,944 $ 1,205 $ 175 $ 913 $ 44,312 $ 59,233 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Substandard 0 0 5 11 1 58 836 911 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total consumer loans $ 6,020 $ 4,664 $ 1,949 $ 1,216 $ 176 $ 971 $ 45,148 $ 60,144 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 149 $ 0 $ 18 $ 3 $ 3 $ 138 $ 311 Total Loans Pass $ 252,089 $ 387,656 $ 251,612 $ 136,582 $ 146,522 $ 439,577 $ 151,546 $ 1,765,584 Special Mention 104 23,508 7,489 8 116 7,148 301 38,674 Substandard 5,200 1,267 3,822 767 1,615 20,716 10,494 43,881 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 257,393 $ 412,431 $ 262,923 $ 137,357 $ 148,253 $ 467,441 $ 162,341 $ 1,848,139 Year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 149 $ 0 $ 18 $ 3 $ 36 150 $ 356 The following table is a summary of the Corporation’s nonaccrual loans by major categories for the periods indicated. December 31, 2024 Nonaccrual Loans with Nonaccrual Loans Total Nonaccrual (In Thousands) No Allowance with an Allowance Loans Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 7,370 $ 0 $ 7,370 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,467 258 1,725 All other commercial loans 10,006 0 10,006 Residential mortgage loans 4,310 0 4,310 Consumer loans 431 0 431 Total $ 23,584 $ 258 $ 23,842 December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual Loans with Nonaccrual Loans Total Nonaccrual (In Thousands) No Allowance with an Allowance Loans Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 1,111 $ 7,301 $ 8,412 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,281 294 1,575 All other commercial loans 1,132 191 1,323 Residential mortgage loans 3,627 0 3,627 Consumer loans 240 0 240 Total $ 7,391 $ 7,786 $ 15,177 The Corporation recognized $1,042,000 and $932,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The following table presents the accrued interest receivable written off by reversing interest income during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Year Ended Year Ended (In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 22 $ 48 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 10 0 All other commercial loans 198 0 Residential mortgage loans 29 28 Consumer loans 10 3 Total $ 269 $ 79 The Corporation has certain loans for which repayment is dependent upon the operation or sale of collateral, as the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The underlying collateral can vary based upon the type of loan. The following provides more detail about the types of collateral that secure collateral dependent loans: ● Commercial real estate loans can be secured by either owner occupied commercial real estate or non-owner occupied investment commercial real estate. Typically, owner occupied commercial real estate loans are secured by office buildings, warehouses, manufacturing facilities and other commercial and industrial properties occupied by operating companies. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally secured by office buildings and complexes, retail facilities, multifamily complexes, land under development, industrial properties, as well as other commercial or industrial real estate. ● All other commercial loans include loans typically secured by business assets including inventory, equipment and receivables. Also within this category, commercial construction and land loans and some commercial lines of credit are secured by real estate. ● Residential mortgage loans are typically secured by first mortgages, and in some cases could be secured by a second mortgage. ● Consumer loans are generally secured by automobiles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles and other personal property. Some consumer loans are unsecured and have no underlying collateral. The following table details the amortized cost of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related allowance for credit losses on these loans: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amortized Amortized (In Thousands) Cost Allowance Cost Allowance Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 7,370 $ 0 $ 8,412 $ 648 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 6,749 122 1,575 5 All other commercial loans 16,006 0 1,277 90 Total $ 30,125 $ 122 $ 11,264 $ 743 The following tables summarize the activity related to the ACL on loans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Commercial Commercial All real estate - real estate - other Residential nonowner owner commercial mortgage Consumer (In Thousands) occupied occupied loans loans loans Total Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 12,010 $ 2,116 $ 2,918 $ 1,764 $ 400 $ 19,208 Charge-offs (757) 0 (630) 0 (329) (1,716) Recoveries 0 0 40 6 67 113 Provision (credit) for credit losses on loans 711 728 1,033 (414) 372 2,430 Balance, December 31, 2024 $ 11,964 $ 2,844 $ 3,361 $ 1,356 $ 510 $ 20,035 Commercial Commercial All real estate - real estate - other Residential nonowner owner commercial mortgage Consumer (In Thousands) occupied occupied loans loans loans Unallocated Total Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 6,305 $ 1,942 $ 4,142 $ 2,751 $ 475 $ 1,000 $ 16,615 Adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL) 3,763 7 (88) (344) (234) (1,000) 2,104 Charge-offs 0 0 (12) (33) (311) 0 (356) Recoveries 0 0 44 11 37 0 92 Provision (credit) for credit losses on loans 1,942 167 (1,168) (621) 433 0 753 Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 12,010 $ 2,116 $ 2,918 $ 1,764 $ 400 $ 0 $ 19,208 The ACL on loans individually evaluated decreased to $122,000 at December 31, 2024 from $743,000 at December 31, 2023, primarily from partial charge-offs including two loans with individual ACLs at December 31, 2023. The ACL on loans collectively evaluated was $19,913,000 at December 31, 2024 and $18,465,000 at December 31, 2023. The increase in the ACL at December 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 included a net increase related to changes in qualitative adjustments and the net impact of an increase in loans receivable, partially offset by a decrease in the WARM method estimate and a decrease related to the economic forecast. The ACL on loans individually evaluated was $743,000 at December 31, 2023 compared to $751,000 at January 1, 2023, upon the initial adoption of CECL. The decrease in the ACL at December 31, 2023 from January 1, 2023 included a net increase related to changes in qualitative adjustments, an increase related to the economic forecast and the net impact of an increase in loans receivable, partially offset by a decrease in the WARM method estimate. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, the Corporation calculated the allowance for loan losses under the incurred loss methodology. The following tables are disclosed related to the allowance for loan losses in prior period of 2022. Transactions within the allowance for loan losses, summarized by segment and class were as follows: December 31, December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Provision 2022 (In Thousands) Balance Charge-offs Recoveries (Credit) Balance Allowance for Loan Losses: Commercial: Commercial loans secured by real estate $ 4,405 $ (3,942) $ 0 $ 6,611 $ 7,074 Commercial and industrial 2,723 (150) 0 336 2,909 Commercial construction and land 637 0 0 10 647 Loans secured by farmland 115 0 0 (3) 112 Multi-family (5 or more) residential 215 0 0 196 411 Agricultural loans 25 0 0 (4) 21 Other commercial loans 173 0 0 (49) 124 Total commercial 8,293 (4,092) 0 7,097 11,298 Residential mortgage: Residential mortgage loans - first liens 3,650 0 4 (241) 3,413 Residential mortgage loans - junior liens 184 0 0 (17) 167 Home equity lines of credit 302 0 15 (35) 282 1-4 Family residential construction 202 0 0 9 211 Total residential mortgage 4,338 0 19 (284) 4,073 Consumer 235 (153) 49 113 244 Unallocated 671 0 0 329 1,000 Total Allowance for Loan Losses $ 13,537 $ (4,245) $ 68 $ 7,255 $ 16,615 The average balance of impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans is as follows: (In Thousands) Average Investment in Interest Income Recognized on Impaired Loans Impaired Loans on a Cash Basis Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2022 2022 Commercial: Commercial loans secured by real estate $ 9,757 $ 657 Commercial and industrial 2,078 210 Commercial construction and land 72 3 Loans secured by farmland 80 0 Multi-family (5 or more) residential 197 1,156 Agricultural loans 60 4 Total commercial 12,244 2,030 Residential mortgage: Residential mortgage loans - first lien 575 24 Residential mortgage loans - junior lien 33 7 Home equity lines of credit 43 4 Total residential mortgage 651 35 Total $ 12,895 $ 2,065 The increase in interest income recognized on a cash basis on impaired loans in 2022 resulted mainly from repayments received on loans that had been classified as purchased credit impaired at December 31, 2021. Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Corporation may occasionally make modifications to loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of loans modified during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Year Ended December 31, 2024 (Dollars in Thousands) Term Extension Amortized Cost % of Total Basis Loan Type Financial Effect Commercial Real Estate - Non-owner Occupied $ 2,625 0.35 % Extended the maturity of one loan for 6 months and one loan for 5 years Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied 218 0.08 % Extended the maturity of one loan for 12 months Total $ 2,843 Year Ended December 31, 2023 (Dollars in Thousands) Term Extension Amortized Cost % of Total Basis Loan Type Financial Effect Commercial Real Estate - Non-owner Occupied $ 3,907 0.53 % Extended the maturity of one loan for 6 months and another The Corporation closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. The following tables present the performance of such loans that have been modified in the twelve-month period preceding December 31, 2024 and the twelve-month period preceding December 31, 2023 (in thousands): (In Thousands) Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) December 31, 2024 Current or Past Due Less than 30 Days 90+ Days Past Due Total Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 2,625 $ 0 $ 2,625 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 218 0 218 Total $ 2,843 $ 0 $ 2,843 (In Thousands) Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) December 31, 2023 Current or Past Due Less than 30 Days 90+ Days Past Due Total Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 2,526 $ 1,381 $ 3,907 In the table immediately above, at December 31, 2024 the loan secured by owner occupied commercial real estate of $218,000 and one of the loans secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate with an amortized cost basis of $1,814,000 were in nonaccrual status. Both of the loans included in the table at December 31, 2023 were in nonaccrual status. For the loan secured by non-owner occupied real estate with an amortized cost basis of $1,814,000 at December 31, 2024, the Corporation had extended the maturity for 12 months in the fourth quarter 2023. In 2024, the borrower continued to experience financial difficulty, and the Corporation provided another six-month extension of the maturity. The Corporation recorded a partial charge-off of $640,000 on this loan in 2024. There was no specific allowance on this loan at December 31, 2024, while the specific allowance was $486,000 at December 31, 2023. The loan that was past due more than 90 days at December 31, 2023 in the table above was in default with its modified terms in 2024. The Corporation received payments totaling $48,000 in 2024, all of which were applied to principal. The amortized cost basis of the loan was $1,333,000 at December 31, 2024. Except as described above, the Corporation had no commitments to lend any additional funds on modified loans during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Corporation had no loans that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and had been modified preceding the payment default when the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty at the time of modification The carrying amount of foreclosed residential real estate properties held as a result of obtaining physical possession (included in Foreclosed assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets) is as follows: (In Thousands) December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Foreclosed residential real estate $ 25 $ 47 The amortized cost of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process is as follows: (In Thousands) December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Residential real estate in process of foreclosure $ 717 $ 1,227 The Corporation maintains an allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded balances for existing lines of credit, commitments to extend future credit, commercial letters of credit and credit enhancement obligations related to residential mortgage loans sold with recourse, when there is a contractual obligation to extend credit and when this extension of credit is not unconditionally cancellable (i.e. commitment cannot be canceled at any time). Additional information related to commitments to extend credit and standby letter of credits is provided in Note 15. The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures of $455,000 at December 31, 2024 and $690,000 at December 31, 2023, is included in accrued interest and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the balance and activity in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Year Ended Year Ended (In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Balance, Beginning of Period $ 690 $ 425 Adjustment to allowance for off-balance sheet exposures for adoption of ASU 2016-13 0 793 Recoveries 0 39 Credit for unfunded commitments (235) (567) Balance, End of Period $ 455 $ 690 |