Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses, and Asset Quality Information | Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses, and Asset Quality Information The following is a summary of the major categories of total loans outstanding: ($ in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Commercial and industrial $ 847,284 11 % $ 905,862 11 % Construction, development & other land loans 760,949 9 % 992,980 12 % Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,226,050 15 % 1,259,022 16 % Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 2,572,901 32 % 2,528,060 31 % Multi-family real estate 460,565 6 % 421,376 5 % Residential 1-4 family real estate 1,737,133 22 % 1,639,469 20 % Home equity loans/lines of credit 331,072 4 % 335,068 4 % Consumer loans 76,787 1 % 68,443 1 % Subtotal 8,012,741 100 % 8,150,280 100 % Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees) 797 (178) Total loans $ 8,013,538 $ 8,150,102 Also included in the table above are various SBA loans, generally originated under the SBA 7A program, with additional information on these loans presented in the table below. ($ in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Guaranteed portions of SBA loans included in table above $ 36,131 $ 35,462 Unguaranteed portions of SBA loans included in table above 104,472 107,784 Total SBA loans included in the table above $ 140,603 $ 143,246 Sold portions of SBA loans with servicing retained - not included in tables above $ 341,517 $ 349,275 At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were remaining unaccreted discounts on the retained portion of sold SBA loans amounting to $3.3 million and $3.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, l oans in the amount of $6.6 billion and $6.5 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral for certain borrowings. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total loans included loans to executive officers and directors of the Company, and their associates, totaling approximately $63.3 million and $63.7 million, respectively. While there was one new loan, advances on existing loans totaled approximately $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and repayments amounted to $1.6 million for that period. Available credit on related party loans totaled $1.0 million and $2.7 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized discounts on all acquired loans totaled $17.3 million and $24.0 million, respectively. Loan discounts are generally amortized as yield adjustments over the respective lives of the loans, so long as the loans perform. There was no impairment of acquired loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 that would require acceleration of amortization or charge off of unamortized discount. Nonperforming assets ("NPAs") are defined as nonaccrual loans, modifications to borrowers in financial distress, loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest, and foreclosed real estate. The following table summarizes the NPAs for each date presented. ($ in thousands) September 30, December 31, Nonaccrual loans $ 34,125 $ 32,208 Modifications to borrowers in financial distress 10,262 11,719 Total nonperforming loans 44,387 43,927 Foreclosed real estate 1,519 862 Total nonperforming assets $ 45,906 $ 44,789 At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $0.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in residential mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were two and one loans, respectively, with commitments to lend an immaterial amount of additional funds to a borrower whose loan was nonperforming. The following table is a summary of the Company’s nonaccrual loans by major categories as of September 30, 2024: ($ in thousands) Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance Nonaccrual Loans with an Allowance Total Nonaccrual Loans Commercial and industrial $ — $ 10,310 $ 10,310 Construction, development & other land loans — 17 17 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 879 9,211 10,090 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied — 6,067 6,067 Residential 1-4 family real estate — 5,578 5,578 Home equity loans/lines of credit — 1,925 1,925 Consumer loans — 138 138 Total $ 879 $ 33,246 $ 34,125 The following table is a summary of the Company’s nonaccrual loans by major categories as of December 31, 2023: ($ in thousands) Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance Nonaccrual Loans with an Allowance Total Nonaccrual Loans Commercial and industrial $ 944 $ 8,932 $ 9,876 Construction, development & other land loans — 399 399 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 960 6,082 7,042 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 6,121 1,082 7,203 Residential 1-4 family real estate — 4,843 4,843 Home equity loans/lines of credit 534 2,169 2,703 Consumer loans — 142 142 Total $ 8,559 $ 23,649 $ 32,208 There was no interest income recognized during the periods presented on nonaccrual loans. In the period that the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status, contractual interest income is reversed in the consolidated income statement. The following table represents the accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income during each period indicated: ($ in thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 360 $ 182 Construction, development & other land loans — 2 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 238 105 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 55 8 Residential 1-4 family real estate 45 29 Home equity loans/lines of credit 26 39 Consumer loans 1 2 Total $ 725 $ 367 The following table presents an analysis of the payment status of the Company’s loans as of September 30, 2024: ($ in thousands) Accruing Accruing Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Commercial and industrial $ 834,306 $ 2,468 $ 200 $ 10,310 $ 847,284 Construction, development & other land loans 759,957 910 65 17 760,949 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,215,472 279 209 10,090 1,226,050 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 2,566,325 287 222 6,067 2,572,901 Multi-family real estate 460,419 146 — — 460,565 Residential 1-4 family real estate 1,725,659 1,794 4,102 5,578 1,737,133 Home equity loans/lines of credit 327,772 1,278 97 1,925 331,072 Consumer loans 76,095 322 232 138 76,787 Total $ 7,966,005 $ 7,484 $ 5,127 $ 34,125 8,012,741 Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees) 797 Total loans $ 8,013,538 The following table presents an analysis of the payment status of the Company’s loans as of December 31, 2023: ($ in thousands) Accruing Accruing Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Commercial and industrial $ 892,003 $ 3,726 $ 257 $ 9,876 $ 905,862 Construction, development & other land loans 992,084 241 256 399 992,980 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,250,670 906 404 7,042 1,259,022 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 2,520,496 361 — 7,203 2,528,060 Multi-family real estate 421,376 — — — 421,376 Residential 1-4 family real estate 1,612,357 18,868 3,401 4,843 1,639,469 Home equity loans/lines of credit 331,413 603 349 2,703 335,068 Consumer loans 67,900 270 131 142 68,443 Total $ 8,088,299 $ 24,975 $ 4,798 $ 32,208 8,150,280 Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees) (178) Total loans $ 8,150,102 Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The Company reviews individually evaluated loans on nonaccrual with a net book balance of $500,000 or greater for designation as collateral dependent loans, as well as certain other loans that may still be accruing interest and/or are less than $500,000 in size that management of the Company designates as having higher risk. These loans do not share common risk characteristics and are not included within the collectively evaluated loans for determining the Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL"). The following table presents an analysis of collateral dependent loans of the Company as of September 30, 2024: ($ in thousands) Residential Property Business Assets Commercial Property Total Collateral-Dependent Loans Commercial real estate - owner occupied $ — $ — $ 879 $ 879 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied — — 5,050 5,050 Total $ — $ — $ 5,929 $ 5,929 The following table presents an analysis of collateral dependent loans of the Company as of December 31, 2023: ($ in thousands) Residential Property Business Assets Commercial Property Total Collateral-Dependent Loans Commercial and industrial $ — $ 2,385 $ — $ 2,385 Commercial real estate - owner occupied — — 1,142 1,142 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied — — 6,121 6,121 Home equity loans/lines of credit 534 — — 534 Total $ 534 $ 2,385 $ 7,263 $ 10,182 There have been no material changes from the treatment of collateral dependent loans under CECL as discussed in Note 4 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The following tables presents the activity in the ACL on loans for each of the periods indicated to include Purchase Credit Deterioration (“PCD”) activity in applicable periods. Fluctuations in the ACL each period are based on loan mix and growth, changes in the levels of nonperforming loans, economic forecasts impacting loss drivers, other assumptions and inputs to the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model, and as occurred in 2023, adjustments for acquired loan portfolios. The change to the level of ACL during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was determined based primarily on updated economic forecasts, which are a key assumption in the CECL model and which indicated improvement in certain economic forecasts along with reductions in loan balances during the period, partially offset by a continued reduction of the commercial real estate pricing index. Other than the impact from Hurricane Helene, there was little change to the ACL for the quarter or year to date. ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provisions / (Reversals) Ending balance As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial $ 19,837 $ (1,913) $ 246 $ (27) $ 18,143 Construction, development & other land loans 9,996 — 35 1,394 11,425 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 17,859 (21) 4 657 18,499 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 25,876 — 3 2,754 28,633 Multi-family real estate 5,129 — — 161 5,290 Residential 1-4 family real estate 24,855 — 28 9,183 34,066 Home equity loans/lines of credit 3,177 — 232 165 3,574 Consumer loans 3,329 (754) 17 496 3,088 Total $ 110,058 $ (2,688) $ 565 $ 14,783 $ 122,718 As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial $ 21,227 $ (5,976) $ 1,346 $ 1,546 $ 18,143 Construction, development & other land loans 13,940 (79) 182 (2,618) 11,425 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 18,218 (109) 12 378 18,499 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 24,916 (158) 46 3,829 28,633 Multi-family real estate 3,825 — — 1,465 5,290 Residential 1-4 family real estate 21,396 (6) 255 12,421 34,066 Home equity loans/lines of credit 3,339 (2) 254 (17) 3,574 Consumer loans 2,992 (1,130) 197 1,029 3,088 Total $ 109,853 $ (7,460) $ 2,292 $ 18,033 $ 122,718 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Initial ACL for acquired PCD loans Charge-offs Recoveries Provisions / (Reversals) Ending balance As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 23,442 $ — $ (2,650) $ 450 $ 1,202 $ 22,444 Construction, development & other land loans 18,477 — (120) 54 (4,761) 13,650 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 16,381 — (24) 34 1,873 18,264 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 26,274 — — 302 (1,240) 25,336 Multi-family real estate 3,946 — — 3 (481) 3,468 Residential 1-4 family real estate 14,305 — — 50 4,374 18,729 Home equity loans/lines of credit 3,717 — — 11 (431) 3,297 Consumer loans 2,688 — (409) 67 664 3,010 Total $ 109,230 $ — $ (3,203) $ 971 $ 1,200 $ 108,198 As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 17,718 $ 5,197 $ (6,361) $ 1,216 $ 4,674 $ 22,444 Construction, development & other land loans 15,128 49 (120) 277 (1,684) 13,650 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 14,972 191 (24) 104 3,021 18,264 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 22,780 51 (235) 734 2,006 25,336 Multi-family real estate 2,957 — — 10 501 3,468 Residential 1-4 family real estate 11,354 113 — 275 6,987 18,729 Home equity loans/lines of credit 3,158 8 (2) 85 48 3,297 Consumer loans 2,900 1 (833) 144 798 3,010 Total $ 90,967 $ 5,610 $ (7,575) $ 2,845 $ 16,351 $ 108,198 Credit Quality Indicators There have been no material changes from the treatment of credit quality tracking and risk grade descriptions as discussed in Note 4 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In the tables that follow, substantially all of the "Classified" loans have grades of 7 or Fail, with those categories having similar levels of risk. The tables below present the Company’s recorded investment in loans by credit quality indicators by year of origination or renewal as of the periods indicated. Acquired loans are presented in the year originated, not in the year of acquisition. Term Loans by Year of Origination ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Total As of September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 91,552 $ 88,620 $ 128,666 $ 88,256 $ 61,355 $ 73,296 $ 299,188 $ 830,933 Special Mention 944 361 174 207 347 794 1,890 4,717 Classified 160 1,817 3,440 486 1,009 4,181 541 11,634 Total commercial and industrial 92,656 90,798 132,280 88,949 62,711 78,271 301,619 847,284 Gross charge-offs, YTD 126 460 800 195 134 752 3,509 5,976 Construction, development & other land loans Pass 321,727 192,331 114,704 32,788 14,857 9,801 70,195 756,403 Special Mention 2,497 612 164 9 — 265 13 3,560 Classified 910 — — — 67 9 — 986 Total construction, development & other land loans 325,134 192,943 114,868 32,797 14,924 10,075 70,208 760,949 Gross charge-offs, YTD — 79 — — — — — 79 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 120,529 229,996 272,334 261,248 158,253 127,257 16,711 1,186,328 Special Mention 13,218 1,940 3,515 187 147 7,654 — 26,661 Classified 957 179 1,977 1,268 1,572 7,108 — 13,061 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 134,704 232,115 277,826 262,703 159,972 142,019 16,711 1,226,050 Gross charge-offs, YTD — 25 — 19 — 65 — 109 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied Pass 345,170 435,235 683,731 638,235 263,275 149,114 29,739 2,544,499 Special Mention 14,968 268 189 13 337 5,890 — 21,665 Classified 234 401 570 11 4,233 1,288 — 6,737 Total commercial real estate - non owner occupied 360,372 435,904 684,490 638,259 267,845 156,292 29,739 2,572,901 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — 158 — 158 Multi-family real estate Pass 55,518 41,990 115,324 161,142 41,642 14,628 29,379 459,623 Special Mention — 146 — — — 796 — 942 Classified — — — — — — — — Total multi-family real estate 55,518 42,136 115,324 161,142 41,642 15,424 29,379 460,565 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — — — — Residential 1-4 family real estate Pass 181,377 333,878 416,275 301,453 176,169 311,209 3,298 1,723,659 Special Mention 215 — 11 139 62 910 — 1,337 Classified 1,892 245 2,257 549 1,198 5,996 — 12,137 Total residential 1-4 family real estate 183,484 334,123 418,543 302,141 177,429 318,115 3,298 1,737,133 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — 6 — 6 Home equity loans/lines of credit Pass 2,128 2,679 661 377 175 943 317,182 324,145 Special Mention 121 152 — — — — 16 289 Classified 175 54 — 137 89 8 6,175 6,638 Total home equity loans/lines of credit 2,424 2,885 661 514 264 951 323,373 331,072 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — — 2 2 Consumer loans Pass 13,328 11,137 8,076 2,757 1,252 373 39,517 76,440 Special Mention — — — — — — 23 23 Classified 6 72 46 21 — 28 151 324 Total consumer loans 13,334 11,209 8,122 2,778 1,252 401 39,691 76,787 Gross charge-offs, YTD 6 53 24 33 — — 1,014 1,130 Total loans $ 1,167,626 $ 1,342,113 $ 1,752,114 $ 1,489,283 $ 726,039 $ 721,548 $ 814,018 8,012,741 Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees) 797 Total loans, net of deferred loan costs/(fees) $ 8,013,538 Total gross charge-offs, year to date $ 132 $ 617 $ 824 $ 247 $ 134 $ 981 $ 4,525 $ 7,460 Term Loans by Year of Origination ($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total As of December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 136,735 $ 161,131 $ 111,069 $ 75,312 $ 38,495 $ 60,626 $ 302,684 $ 886,052 Special Mention 2,832 2,547 167 185 448 672 1,135 7,986 Classified 1,626 1,152 720 1,389 1,647 4,487 803 11,824 Total commercial and industrial 141,193 164,830 111,956 76,886 40,590 65,785 304,622 905,862 Gross charge-offs, YTD 171 1,036 713 537 821 1,547 3,533 8,358 Construction, development & other land loans Pass 563,998 231,450 90,374 16,662 11,598 5,816 70,852 990,750 Special Mention 489 273 59 — 2 4 19 846 Classified 657 708 — — 8 11 — 1,384 Total construction, development & other land loans 565,144 232,431 90,433 16,662 11,608 5,831 70,871 992,980 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — 120 — 120 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass 210,449 323,852 299,135 196,343 92,452 86,784 23,198 1,232,213 Special Mention 338 2,533 271 817 5,755 2,253 — 11,967 Classified 4,456 1,505 1,721 895 2,288 3,904 73 14,842 Total commercial real estate - owner occupied 215,243 327,890 301,127 198,055 100,495 92,941 23,271 1,259,022 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — 49 — — 92 3 144 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied Pass 509,596 748,854 722,472 287,235 119,515 84,690 29,001 2,501,363 Special Mention 11,353 199 36 393 1,183 5,942 342 19,448 Classified 871 32 14 4,214 634 1,484 — 7,249 Total commercial real estate - non owner occupied 521,820 749,085 722,522 291,842 121,332 92,116 29,343 2,528,060 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — 235 — — — — 235 Multi-family real estate Pass 57,378 137,533 139,879 43,881 12,231 10,323 20,151 421,376 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Classified — — — — — — — — Total multi-family real estate 57,378 137,533 139,879 43,881 12,231 10,323 20,151 421,376 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — — — — Residential 1-4 family real estate Pass 363,410 400,483 317,515 186,459 94,567 260,102 3,247 1,625,783 Special Mention 681 41 202 64 587 1,987 — 3,562 Classified 1,848 50 474 741 472 6,539 — 10,124 Total residential 1-4 family real estate 365,939 400,574 318,191 187,264 95,626 268,628 3,247 1,639,469 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — 4 — 4 Home equity loans/lines of credit Pass 2,830 1,136 1,141 223 499 1,233 319,199 326,261 Special Mention 163 — 122 — — — 18 303 Classified 255 — 146 91 112 10 7,890 8,504 Total home equity loans/lines of credit 3,248 1,136 1,409 314 611 1,243 327,107 335,068 Gross charge-offs, YTD — — — — — — 309 309 Consumer loans Pass 16,497 12,906 4,999 2,173 432 429 30,757 68,193 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Classified 130 7 45 — 3 34 31 250 Total consumer loans 16,627 12,913 5,044 2,173 435 463 30,788 68,443 Gross charge-offs, YTD 34 79 73 23 — 1 795 1,005 Total loans $ 1,886,592 $ 2,026,392 $ 1,690,561 $ 817,077 $ 382,928 $ 537,330 $ 809,400 8,150,280 Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees) (178) Total loans, net of deferred loan costs/(fees) $ 8,150,102 Total gross charge-offs, year to date $ 205 $ 1,115 $ 1,070 $ 560 $ 821 $ 1,764 $ 4,640 $ 10,175 Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress as a part of our loss mitigation activities. Various types of modification may be offered including principal forgiveness, term extension, payment delays, or interest rate reductions. In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession may be granted. For loans included in the “combination” columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The followings tables present the amortized cost basis at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 of the loans modified during the three and nine months then ended for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by loan category and type of concession granted. ($ in thousands) Payment Delay Term Extension Combination - Term Extension and Payment Delay Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Percent of Total Class of Loans As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024 Construction, development & other land loans $ — $ 143 $ — $ — $ 143 0.02 % Home equity loans/lines of credit — 96 — — 96 0.03 % Total $ — $ 239 $ — $ — $ 239 — % As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial $ 114 $ 1 $ 878 $ 92 $ 1,085 0.13 % Construction, development & other land loans — 208 — — 208 0.03 % Commercial real estate - non owner occupied — 107 — — 107 — % Residential 1-4 family real estate — 199 — — 199 0.01 % Home equity loans/lines of credit — 417 — 173 590 0.18 % Total $ 114 $ 932 $ 878 $ 265 $ 2,189 0.03 % ($ in thousands) Payment Delay Term Extension Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Percent of Total Class of Loans As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 1,142 $ 117 $ — $ 1,259 0.14 % Construction, development & other land loans — 594 — 594 0.06 % Commercial real estate - owner occupied — 4,023 — 4,023 0.32 % Commercial real estate - non owner occupied — 131 — 131 0.01 % Residential 1-4 family real estate — 245 — 245 0.02 % Home equity loans/lines of credit 24 401 99 524 0.16 % Consumer loans — 9 — 9 0.01 % Total $ 1,166 $ 5,520 $ 99 $ 6,785 0.08 % As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 2,589 $ 216 $ — $ 2,805 0.31 % Construction, development & other land loans — 594 10 604 0.06 % Commercial real estate - owner occupied 185 4,302 — 4,487 0.36 % Commercial real estate - non owner occupied — 219 — 219 0.01 % Residential 1-4 family real estate — 750 — 750 0.05 % Home equity loans/lines of credit 24 1,669 99 1,792 0.54 % Consumer loans — 66 — 66 0.10 % Total $ 2,798 $ 7,816 $ 109 $ 10,723 0.13 % For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, there were no modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with principal forgiveness concessions. The following table describes the financial effect for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 of the modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty: Financial Effect of Modification to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Payment Delay Weighted Average Term Extension For the three months ended September 30, 2024 Construction, development & other land loans —% 0 8 Home equity loans/lines of credit —% 0 40 For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial 0.75% 36 13 Construction, development & other land loans —% 0 6 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied —% 0 13 Residential 1-4 family real estate —% 0 103 Home equity loans/lines of credit 2.13% 0 65 The following table describes the financial effect for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 of the modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty: Financial Effect of Modification to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Payment Delay Weighted Average Term Extension For the three months ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial —% 6 26 Construction, development & other land loans —% 0 8 Commercial real estate - owner occupied —% 0 32 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied —% 0 11 Residential 1-4 family real estate —% 0 23 Home equity loans/lines of credit 2.61% 24 84 Consumer loans —% 0 24 For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial —% 4 20 Construction, development & other land loans 1.53% 0 9 Commercial real estate - owner occupied —% 12 34 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied —% 0 13 Residential 1-4 family real estate —% 0 24 Home equity loans/lines of credit 2.61% 24 55 Consumer loans —% 0 9 The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that were modified in the last twelve months as of September 30, 2024: Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) ($ in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Commercial and industrial $ 1,086 $ — $ — $ — Construction, development & other land loans 250 — — — Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 107 — — — Residential 1-4 family real estate 134 — 65 — Home equity loans/lines of credit 1,278 — — — $ 2,855 $ — $ 65 $ — The following table depicts the performance of loans that were modified in the last twelve months as of December 31, 2023: Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) ($ in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Commercial and industrial $ 2,841 $ — $ — $ — Construction, development & other land loans 362 — — — Commercial real estate - owner occupied 4,455 — — — Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 206 — — — Residential 1-4 family real estate 656 79 — — Home equity loans/lines of credit 3,114 — — — Consumer loans 6 — — — $ 11,640 $ 79 $ — $ — None of the modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 are considered to have had a payment default. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amount. Concentration of Credit Risk Most of the Company's business activity is with customers located within the markets where it has banking operations. Therefore, the Company’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy within its markets. Approximately 88% of the Company's loan portfolio is secured by real estate and is therefore susceptible to changes in real estate valuations. There have been no material changes to the primary loan markets (as identified by counties) from year end. Impact of Hurricane Helene Within the portions of Western North and South Carolina that were significantly impacted by Hurricane Helene, the Company identified borrowers with approximately $755 million of loans outstanding. The following is a summary of the categories of those loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024: ($ in thousands) Balance Commercial and industrial $ 10,481 Construction, development & other land loans 29,429 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 98,958 Commercial real estate - non owner occupied 284,825 Multi-family real estate 25,677 Residential 1-4 family real estate 266,554 Home equity loans/lines of credit 39,470 Consumer loans — Total $ 755,394 Given that the storm impacted the area just prior to September 30, 2024 and recovery continues in many communities, the Company performed analyses to identify possible impacts from the storm and has reserved accordingly based upon the information available at this time. The Company applied increased reserve rates based upon severe economic factors to the approximately $755 million of loans in the most impacted path of Hurricane Helene. Additionally, the Company performed an initial evaluation of the largest commercial loans in that area and applied incremental reserves to those loans that were suspected of having higher potential property damage or economic impact from the storm. Due to the potential exposure from Hurricane Helene, the ACL on these impacted loans increased by $13.0 million, expanding the ACL as a percent of loans in the impacted geography from 1.29% to 3.01% as of September 30, 2024 and adding 16 basis points to the overall ACL as a percent of total loans, which was 1.53% as of September 30, 2024. Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments In addition to the ACL on loans, the Company maintains an allowance for lending-related commitments such as unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for lending-related commitments on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for unfunded commitments expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, which is based on a historical funding study derived from internal information, and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life, which are the same loss rates that are used in computing the ACL on loans. The allowance for unfunded loan commitments of $9.3 million and $11.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were separately classified on the consolidated balance sheets within "Other liabilities." The following table presents the balance and activity in the allowance for unfunded loan commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 9,860 $ 13,019 $ 11,369 $ 13,306 Initial provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments acquired from GrandSouth — — — 1,921 Charge-offs — — — — Recoveries — — — — Reversal of provision for unfunded commitments (583) (1,200) (2,092) (3,408) Ending balance $ 9,277 $ 11,819 $ 9,277 $ 11,819 Allowance for Credit Losses - Securities Held to Maturity The ACL for securities held to maturity was insignificant at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. |