LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | =640 3,759,621 14.5 % 3,646,485 13.7 % Total $ 26,017,340 100.0 % $ 26,498,469 100.0 % (1) Consists primarily of loans for which credit scores are not considered in the ALLL model. (2) Credit scores updated quarterly. (3) RICs and auto loans include $1.1 billion and $924.7 million of LHFS at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, that do not have an allowance. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) Consumer Lending Asset Quality Indicators-FICO and LTV Ratio For both residential and home equity loans, loss severity assumptions are incorporated in the loan and lease loss reserve models to estimate loan balances that will ultimately charge-off. These assumptions are based on recent loss experience within various current LTV bands within these portfolios. LTVs are refreshed quarterly by applying Federal Housing Finance Agency Home price index changes at a state-by-state level to the last known appraised value of the property to estimate the current LTV. The Company's ALLL incorporates the refreshed LTV information to update the distribution of defaulted loans by LTV as well as the associated loss given default for each LTV band. Reappraisals on a recurring basis at the individual property level are not considered cost-effective or necessary; however, reappraisals are performed on certain higher risk accounts to support line management activities, default servicing decisions, or when other situations arise for which the Company believes the additional expense is warranted. Residential mortgage and home equity financing receivables by LTV and FICO range are summarized as follows: Residential Mortgages (1)(3) December 31, 2017 N/A (2) LTV<=70% 70.01-80% 80.01-90% 90.01-100% 100.01-110% LTV>110% Grand Total FICO Score (dollars in thousands) N/A (2) $ 372,116 $ 6,759 $ 1,214 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 380,089 <600 21 220,737 55,108 35,617 23,834 2,505 6,020 343,842 600-639 45 155,920 42,420 35,009 34,331 2,696 6,259 276,680 640-679 37 320,248 94,601 90,7" id="sjs-B4" xml:space="preserve"> LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Overall The Company's loans are reported at their outstanding principal balances net of any, cumulative charge-offs, unamortized deferred fees and costs and unamortized premiums or discounts. The Company maintains an ACL to provide for losses inherent in its portfolios. Certain loans are pledged as collateral for borrowings, securitizations, or SPEs. These loans totaled $50.8 billion at December 31, 2017 and $53.5 billion at December 31, 2016 . Loans that the Company intends to sell are classified as LHFS. The LHFS portfolio balance at December 31, 2017 was $2.5 billion , compared to $2.6 billion at December 31, 2016 . LHFS in the residential mortgage portfolio are either reported at fair value or at the lower of cost or fair value. For a discussion on the valuation of LHFS at fair value, see Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements . During the third quarter of 2015, the Company determined that it no longer intended to hold certain personal lending assets at SC for investment. The Company adjusted the ACL associated with SC's personal loan portfolio through the provision for credit losses to value the portfolio at the lower of cost or market. Upon transferring the loans to LHFS at fair value, the adjusted ACL was released as a charge-off. Loan originations and purchases under SC’s personal lending platform during 2016 and 2017 have been classified as held for sale and subsequent adjustments to lower of cost or market are recorded through Miscellaneous Income (Expense), net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations . As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value of the personal unsecured held-for-sale portfolio was $1.1 billion . Interest on loans is credited to income as it is earned. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized as adjustments to interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the contractual life of the loan utilizing the interest method. Loan origination costs and fees and premiums and discounts on RICs are deferred and recognized in interest income over estimated lives using estimated prepayment speeds, which are updated on a monthly basis. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, accrued interest receivable on the Company's loans was $515.9 million and $554.5 million , respectively. On February 16, 2018, an agreement was executed to sell substantially all of SBNA’s warehouse facilities with a balance of $830 million at December 31, 2017 for a price contingent upon total consented commitments. These facilities are included in the commercial and industrial loans segment reported under LHFI. This transaction is expected to close within the first quarter of 2018. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) Loan and Lease Portfolio Composition The following presents the composition of the gross loans and leases held-for-investment by portfolio and by rate type: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial LHFI: CRE loans $ 9,279,225 11.5 % $ 10,112,043 11.8 % Commercial and industrial loans 14,438,311 17.9 % 18,812,002 21.9 % Multifamily loans 8,274,435 10.1 % 8,683,680 10.1 % Other commercial (2) 7,174,739 8.9 % 6,832,403 8.0 % Total commercial LHFI 39,166,710 48.4 % 44,440,128 51.8 % Consumer loans secured by real estate: Residential mortgages 8,846,765 11.0 % 7,775,272 9.1 % Home equity loans and lines of credit 5,907,733 7.3 % 6,001,192 7.0 % Total consumer loans secured by real estate 14,754,498 18.3 % 13,776,464 16.1 % Consumer loans not secured by real estate: RICs and auto loans - originated 23,081,424 28.6 % 22,104,918 25.8 % RICs and auto loans - purchased 1,834,868 2.3 % 3,468,803 4.0 % Personal unsecured loans 1,285,677 1.6 % 1,234,094 1.4 % Other consumer (3) 617,675 0.8 % 795,378 0.9 % Total consumer loans 41,574,142 51.6 % 41,379,657 48.2 % Total LHFI (1) $ 80,740,852 100.0 % $ 85,819,785 100.0 % Total LHFI: Fixed rate $ 50,653,790 62.7 % $ 51,752,761 60.3 % Variable rate 30,087,062 37.3 % 34,067,024 39.7 % Total LHFI (1) $ 80,740,852 100.0 % $ 85,819,785 100.0 % (1) Total LHFI includes deferred loan fees, net of deferred origination costs and unamortized purchase premiums, net of discounts as well as purchase accounting adjustments. These items resulted in a net increase in the loan balances of $1.3 billion and $845.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. (2) Other commercial includes commercial equipment vehicle financing ("CEVF") leveraged leases and loans. (3) Other consumer primarily includes recreational vehicle ("RV") and marine loans. Portfolio segments and classes GAAP requires that entities disclose information about the credit quality of their financing receivables at disaggregated levels, specifically defined as “portfolio segments” and “classes,” based on management’s systematic methodology for determining the ACL. The Company utilizes an alternate categorization compared to the financial statement categorization of loans to model and calculate the ACL and track the credit quality, delinquency and impairment status of the underlying loan populations. In disaggregating its financing receivables portfolio, the Company’s methodology begins with the commercial and consumer segments. The commercial segmentation reflects line of business distinctions. The three CRE lines of business distinctions include “Corporate banking,” which includes commercial and industrial owner-occupied real estate, “Middle market real estate,” which represents the portfolio of specialized lending for investment real estate, including financing for continuing care retirement communities and “Santander real estate capital”, which is the CRE of the specialized lending group. "Commercial and industrial" includes non-real estate-related commercial and industrial loans. "Multifamily" represents loans for multifamily residential housing units. “Other commercial” includes loans to global customer relationships in Latin America which are not defined as commercial or consumer for regulatory purposes. The remainder of the portfolio primarily represents the CEVF business. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) The following table reconciles the Company's recorded investment classified by its major portfolio classifications to its commercial loan classifications utilized in its determination of the ALLL and other credit quality disclosures at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively: Commercial Portfolio Segment (2) Major Loan Classifications (1) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Commercial LHFI: CRE: Corporate Banking $ 3,433,971 $ 3,693,109 Middle Market Real Estate 4,820,727 5,180,572 Santander Real Estate Capital 1,024,527 1,238,362 Total commercial real estate 9,279,225 10,112,043 Commercial and industrial (3) 14,438,311 18,812,002 Multifamily 8,274,435 8,683,680 Other commercial 7,174,739 6,832,403 Total commercial LHFI $ 39,166,710 $ 44,440,128 (1) These represent the Company's loan categories based on SEC Regulation S-X, Article 9. (2) These represent the Company's loan classes used to determine its ALLL. (3) Commercial and industrial loans excluded $149.2 million of LHFS at December 31, 2017 and excluded $121.1 million of LHFS at December 31, 2016 . The Company's portfolio classes are substantially the same as its financial statement categorization of loans for the consumer loan populations. “Residential mortgages” includes mortgages on residential property, including single family and 1-4 family units. "Home equity loans and lines of credit" include all organic home equity contracts and purchased home equity portfolios. "RICs and auto loans" includes the Company's direct automobile loan portfolios, but excludes RV and marine RICs. "Personal unsecured loans" includes personal revolving loans and credit cards. “Other consumer” includes an acquired portfolio of marine RICs and RV contracts as well as indirect auto loans. In accordance with the Company's accounting policy when establishing the collective ACL for originated loans, the Company's estimate of losses on recorded investment includes the estimate of the related net unaccreted discount balance that is expected at the time of charge-off, while it considers the entire unaccreted discount for loan portfolios purchased at a discount as available to absorb the credit losses when determining the ACL specific to these portfolios. This accounting policy is not applicable for the purchased loan portfolios acquired with evidence of credit deterioration, on which we elected to apply the FVO. Consumer Portfolio Segment (2) Major Loan Classifications (1) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Consumer loans secured by real estate: Residential mortgages (3) $ 8,846,765 $ 7,775,272 Home equity loans and lines of credit 5,907,733 6,001,192 Total consumer loans secured by real estate 14,754,498 13,776,464 Consumer loans not secured by real estate: RICs and auto loans - originated (4) 23,081,424 22,104,918 RICs and auto loans - purchased (4) 1,834,868 3,468,803 Personal unsecured loans (5) 1,285,677 1,234,094 Other consumer 617,675 795,378 Total consumer LHFI $ 41,574,142 $ 41,379,657 (1) These represent the Company's loan categories based on the SEC's Regulation S-X, Article 9. (2) These represent the Company's loan classes used to determine its ALLL. (3) Residential mortgages exclude $210.2 million and $462.9 million of LHFS at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. (4) RIC and auto loans exclude $1.1 billion and $924.7 million of LHFS at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. (5) Personal unsecured loans exclude $1.1 billion and $1.1 billion of LHFS at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) The RIC and auto loan portfolio is comprised of: (1) RICs originated by SC prior to the Change in Control, (2) RICs originated by SC after the Change in Control, and (3) auto loans originated by SBNA. The composition of the portfolio segment is as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 RICs - Purchased HFI: Unpaid principal balance ("UPB") (1) $ 1,929,548 $ 3,765,714 UPB - FVO (2) 24,926 29,481 Total UPB 1,954,474 3,795,195 Purchase marks (3) (119,606 ) (326,392 ) Total RICs - Purchased HFI 1,834,868 3,468,803 RICs - Originated HFI: UPB (1) 23,373,202 22,527,753 Net discount (309,920 ) (441,131 ) Total RICs - Originated 23,063,282 22,086,622 SBNA auto loans 18,142 18,296 Total RICs - originated post Change in Control 23,081,424 22,104,918 Total RICs and auto loans HFI $ 24,916,292 $ 25,573,721 (1) UPB does not include amounts related to the loan receivables - unsecured and loan receivables from dealers due to the short-term and revolving nature of these receivables. (2) The Company elected to account for these loans, which were acquired with evidence of credit deterioration, under the FVO. (3) Includes purchase marks of $5.5 million and $6.7 million related to purchase loan portfolios on which we elected to apply the FVO at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company originated $6.7 billion and $8.0 billion , respectively, in Chrysler Capital loans, which represented 47% and 49% , respectively, of the Company's total RIC originations. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company's auto RIC portfolio consisted of $8.2 billion and $7.4 billion , respectively, of Chrysler loans, which represented 37% and 32% , respectively, of the Company's auto RIC portfolio. ACL Rollforward by Portfolio Segment The activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total ALLL, beginning of period $ 449,837 $ 3,317,604 $ 47,023 $ 3,814,464 Provision for loan and lease losses 99,606 2,561,500 — 2,661,106 Other (1) 356 5,283 — 5,639 Charge-offs (144,002 ) (4,865,244 ) — (5,009,246 ) Recoveries 37,999 2,401,613 — 2,439,612 Charge-offs, net of recoveries (106,003 ) (2,463,631 ) — (2,569,634 ) ALLL, end of period $ 443,796 $ 3,420,756 $ 47,023 $ 3,911,575 Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period $ 121,612 $ 806 $ — $ 122,418 Release of reserve for unfunded lending commitments (10,112 ) (500 ) — (10,612 ) Loss on unfunded lending commitments (2,695 ) — — (2,695 ) Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 108,805 306 — 109,111 Total ACL, end of period $ 552,601 $ 3,421,062 $ 47,023 $ 4,020,686 Ending balance, individually evaluated for impairment (2) $ 102,326 $ 1,751,828 $ — $ 1,854,154 Ending balance, collectively evaluated for impairment 341,470 1,668,928 47,023 2,057,421 Financing receivables: Ending balance $ 39,315,888 $ 43,947,450 $ — $ 83,263,338 Ending balance, evaluated under the FVO or lower of cost or fair value 149,177 2,420,155 — 2,569,332 Ending balance, individually evaluated for impairment (1) 593,585 6,586,222 — 7,179,807 Ending balance, collectively evaluated for impairment 38,573,126 34,941,073 — 73,514,199 (1) Includes transfers in for the period ending December 31, 2017 related to the contribution of SFS to SHUSA. (2) Consists of loans in TDR status. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) Year Ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total ALLL, beginning of period $ 456,812 $ 2,742,088 $ 47,245 $ 3,246,145 Provision for loan and lease losses 152,112 2,852,730 (222 ) 3,004,620 Charge-offs (245,399 ) (4,720,135 ) — (4,965,534 ) Recoveries 86,312 2,442,921 — 2,529,233 Charge-offs, net of recoveries (159,087 ) (2,277,214 ) — (2,436,301 ) ALLL, end of period $ 449,837 $ 3,317,604 $ 47,023 $ 3,814,464 Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period $ 148,207 $ 814 $ — $ 149,021 Provision for / (Release of) unfunded lending commitments (24,887 ) (8 ) — (24,895 ) Loss on unfunded lending commitments (1,708 ) — — (1,708 ) Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 121,612 806 — 122,418 Total ACL, end of period $ 571,449 $ 3,318,410 $ 47,023 $ 3,936,882 Ending balance, individually evaluated for impairment (1) $ 98,596 $ 1,520,375 $ — $ 1,618,971 Ending balance, collectively evaluated for impairment 351,241 1,797,229 47,023 2,195,493 Financing receivables: Ending balance $ 44,561,193 $ 43,844,900 $ — $ 88,406,093 Ending balance, evaluated under the FVO or lower of cost or fair value (1) 121,065 2,482,595 — 2,603,660 Ending balance, individually evaluated for impairment (1) 666,386 5,795,366 — 6,461,752 Ending balance, collectively evaluated for impairment 43,773,742 35,566,939 — 79,340,681 (1) Consists of loans in TDR status. Year Ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total ALLL, beginning of period $ 413,885 $ 1,329,063 $ 34,941 $ 1,777,889 Provision for loan losses 152,944 3,899,813 12,304 4,065,061 Other (1) — (27,117 ) — (27,117 ) Charge-offs (175,234 ) (4,489,848 ) — (4,665,082 ) Recoveries 65,217 2,030,177 — 2,095,394 Charge-offs, net of recoveries (110,017 ) (2,459,671 ) — (2,569,688 ) ALLL, end of period $ 456,812 $ 2,742,088 $ 47,245 $ 3,246,145 Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period $ 133,002 $ 1,001 $ — $ 134,003 Provision for unfunded lending commitments 14,756 (74 ) — 14,682 Loss on unfunded lending commitments 449 (113 ) — 336 Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 148,207 814 — 149,021 Total ACL end of period $ 605,019 $ 2,742,902 $ 47,245 $ 3,395,166 Ending balance, individually evaluated for impairment (2) $ 54,836 $ 911,364 $ — $ 966,200 Ending balance, collectively evaluated for impairment 401,976 1,830,724 47,245 2,279,945 Financing receivables: Ending balance $ 46,536,277 $ 43,679,576 $ — $ 90,215,853 Ending balance, evaluated under the FVO or lower of cost or fair value (1) 86,399 3,432,322 — 3,518,721 Ending balance, individually evaluated for impairment (2) 504,919 4,473,320 — 4,978,239 Ending balance, collectively evaluated for impairment 45,944,959 35,773,934 — 81,718,893 (1) The "Other" amount represents the impact on the ALLL in connection with SC classifying approximately $1 billion of RICs as held-for-sale during the year. (2) Consists of loans in TDR status. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the RICs acquired in the Change in Control and those originated by SC subsequent to the Change in Control. Year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Purchased Originated Total ALLL, beginning of period $ 559,092 $ 2,538,127 $ 3,097,219 Provision for loan and lease losses 181,698 2,222,710 2,404,408 Charge-offs (606,898 ) (4,102,110 ) (4,709,008 ) Recoveries 250,275 2,120,317 2,370,592 Charge-offs, net of recoveries (356,623 ) (1,981,793 ) (2,338,416 ) ALLL, end of period $ 384,167 $ 2,779,044 $ 3,163,211 Year ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Purchased Originated Total ALLL, beginning of period $ 590,807 $ 1,891,989 $ 2,482,796 Provision for loan and lease losses 309,664 2,459,588 2,769,252 Charge-offs (1,024,882 ) (3,539,153 ) (4,564,035 ) Recoveries 683,503 1,725,703 2,409,206 Charge-offs, net of recoveries (341,379 ) (1,813,450 ) (2,154,829 ) ALLL, end of period $ 559,092 $ 2,538,127 $ 3,097,219 Year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Purchased Originated Total ALLL, beginning of period $ 963 $ 709,024 $ 709,987 Provision for loan and lease losses 1,106,462 2,313,825 3,420,287 Other (1) (27,117 ) — (27,117 ) Charge-offs (1,516,951 ) (2,035,878 ) (3,552,829 ) Recoveries 1,027,450 905,018 1,932,468 Charge-offs, net of recoveries (489,501 ) (1,130,860 ) (1,620,361 ) ALLL, end of period $ 590,807 $ 1,891,989 $ 2,482,796 (1) The "Other" amount represents the impact on the ALLL in connection with SC classifying approximately $1 billion of RICs as held-for-sale during the first quarter of 2015. Refer to Note 19 for discussion of contingencies and possible losses related to the impact of hurricane activity in regions where the Company has lending activities. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) Non-accrual loans by Class of Financing Receivable The recorded investment in non-accrual loans disaggregated by class of financing receivables and other non-performing assets is summarized as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Non-accrual loans: Commercial: CRE: Corporate banking $ 84,072 $ 104,879 Middle market commercial real estate 54,783 71,264 Santander real estate capital 381 3,077 Commercial and industrial 230,481 182,368 Multifamily 11,348 8,196 Other commercial 83,468 11,097 Total commercial loans 464,533 380,881 Consumer: Residential mortgages 265,436 287,140 Home equity loans and lines of credit 134,162 120,065 RICs and auto loans - originated 1,816,226 1,045,587 RICs - purchased 256,617 284,486 Personal unsecured loans 2,366 5,201 Other consumer 10,657 12,694 Total consumer loans 2,485,464 1,755,173 Total non-accrual loans 2,949,997 2,136,054 Other real estate owned ("OREO") 130,777 116,705 Repossessed vehicles 210,692 231,746 Foreclosed and other repossessed assets 2,190 3,838 Total OREO and other repossessed assets 343,659 352,289 Total non-performing assets $ 3,293,656 $ 2,488,343 Age Analysis of Past Due Loans The servicing practices for RICs originated after January 1, 2017 changed such that there is an increase in the minimum payment requirements. While this change does impact the measurement of customer delinquencies, we concluded that it does not have a significant impact on the amount or timing of the recognition of credit losses and allowance for loan losses. For reporting of past due loans, a payment of 90% or more of the amount due is considered to meet the contractual requirements. For certain RICs originated prior to January 1, 2017, the Company considers 50% of a single payment due sufficient to qualify as a payment for past due classification purposes. For RICs originated after January 1, 2017, the required minimum payment is 90% of the scheduled payment, regardless of which origination channel through which the receivable was originated. The payment following the partial payment must be a full payment, or the account will move into delinquency status at that time. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) The age of recorded investments in past due loans and accruing loans 90 days or greater past due disaggregated by class of financing receivables is summarized as follows: As of: December 31, 2017 (in thousands) 30-89 90 Total Current Total (1) Recorded Investment Commercial: CRE: Corporate banking $ 14,396 $ 46,704 $ 61,100 $ 3,372,871 $ 3,433,971 $ — Middle market commercial real estate 5,501 53,820 59,321 4,761,406 4,820,727 — Santander real estate capital 5,277 — 5,277 1,019,250 1,024,527 — Commercial and industrial 49,584 75,924 125,508 14,461,981 14,587,489 — Multifamily 3,562 2,990 6,552 8,267,883 8,274,435 — Other commercial 34,021 3,359 37,380 7,137,359 7,174,739 — Consumer: Residential mortgages 217,558 210,777 428,335 8,628,600 9,056,935 — Home equity loans and lines of credit 50,919 91,975 142,894 5,764,839 5,907,733 — RICs and auto loans - originated 3,405,721 327,045 3,732,766 20,449,706 24,182,472 — RICs and auto loans - purchased 452,235 40,516 492,751 1,342,117 1,834,868 — Personal unsecured loans 85,394 105,054 190,448 2,157,319 2,347,767 96,461 Other consumer 24,879 14,220 39,099 578,576 617,675 — Total $ 4,349,047 $ 972,384 $ 5,321,431 $ 77,941,907 $ 83,263,338 $ 96,461 (1) Financing receivables include LHFS. As of December 31, 2016 (in thousands) 30-89 90 Total Current Total (1) Recorded Commercial: CRE: Corporate banking $ 14,973 $ 40,170 $ 55,143 $ 3,637,966 $ 3,693,109 $ — Middle market commercial real estate 6,967 57,520 64,487 5,116,085 5,180,572 — Santander real estate capital 177 — 177 1,238,185 1,238,362 — Commercial and industrial 46,104 33,800 79,904 18,853,163 18,933,067 — Multifamily 7,133 2,339 9,472 8,674,208 8,683,680 — Other commercial 45,379 2,590 47,969 6,784,434 6,832,403 1 Consumer: Residential mortgages 230,850 224,790 455,640 7,782,525 8,238,165 — Home equity loans and lines of credit 37,209 75,668 112,877 5,888,315 6,001,192 — RICs and auto loans - originated 3,092,841 296,085 3,388,926 19,640,740 23,029,666 — RICs and auto loans - purchased 800,993 71,273 872,266 2,596,537 3,468,803 — Personal unsecured loans 89,524 103,698 193,222 2,118,474 2,311,696 93,845 Other consumer 31,980 20,386 52,366 743,012 795,378 — Total $ 4,404,130 $ 928,319 $ 5,332,449 $ 83,073,644 $ 88,406,093 $ 93,846 (1) Financing receivables include LHFS. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) Impaired Loans by Class of Financing Receivable Impaired loans are generally defined as all TDRs plus commercial non-accrual loans in excess of $1.0 million . Impaired loans disaggregated by class of financing receivables are summarized as follows: December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Recorded Investment (1) UPB Related Average With no related allowance recorded: Commercial: CRE: Corporate banking $ 90,061 $ 115,410 $ — $ 89,538 Middle market commercial real estate 36,345 59,432 — 48,216 Santander real estate capital — — — 1,309 Commercial and industrial 82,541 96,324 — 75,338 Multifamily 9,887 10,838 — 10,129 Other commercial 767 911 — 903 Consumer: Residential mortgages 107,320 128,458 — 141,195 Home equity loans and lines of credit 52,397 54,421 — 50,635 RICs and auto loans - originated — — — — RICs and auto loans - purchased 16,192 20,783 — 25,283 Personal unsecured loans (2) 30,992 30,992 — 28,500 Other consumer 9,557 13,055 — 14,446 With an allowance recorded: Commercial: CRE: Corporate banking 64,097 80,058 13,177 72,269 Middle market commercial real estate 25,243 29,332 4,295 37,757 Santander real estate capital 8,340 8,340 1,051 8,466 Commercial and industrial 176,769 200,382 59,696 196,674 Multifamily 6,201 6,201 313 4,566 Other commercial 77,712 77,772 23,794 42,465 Consumer: Residential mortgages 322,092 392,833 40,963 303,361 Home equity loans and lines of credit 64,827 77,435 4,770 57,345 RICs and auto loans - originated 4,788,299 4,847,929 1,350,022 4,029,808 RICs and auto loans - purchased 1,166,476 1,318,306 347,663 1,511,212 Personal unsecured loans 16,477 16,661 6,259 16,668 Other consumer 11,592 15,290 2,151 12,343 Total: Commercial $ 577,963 $ 685,000 $ 102,326 $ 587,630 Consumer 6,586,221 6,916,163 1,751,828 6,190,796 Total $ 7,164,184 $ 7,601,163 $ 1,854,154 $ 6,778,426 (1) Recorded investment includes deferred loan fees, net of deferred origination costs and unamortized purchase premiums, net of discounts as well as purchase accounting adjustments. (2) Includes LHFS. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) The Company recognized interest income, not including the impact of purchase accounting adjustments, of $795.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 on approximately $5.8 billion of TDRs that were in performing status as of December 31, 2017 . December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Recorded Investment (1) UPB Related Average With no related allowance recorded: Commercial: CRE: Corporate banking $ 89,014 $ 106,212 $ — $ 93,495 Middle market commercial real estate 60,086 83,173 — 69,206 Santander real estate capital 2,618 2,618 — 2,717 Commercial and industrial 68,135 74,034 — 40,163 Multifamily 10,370 11,127 — 9,919 Other commercial 1,038 1,038 — 639 Consumer: Residential mortgages 175,070 222,142 — 160,373 Home equity loans and lines of credit 48,872 48,872 — 39,976 RICs and auto loans - originated — — — 8 RICs and auto loans - purchased 34,373 44,296 — 55,036 Personal unsecured loans (2) 26,008 26,008 — 19,437 Other consumer 19,335 23,864 — 15,915 With an allowance recorded: Commercial: Corporate banking 80,440 85,309 21,202 71,667 Middle market commercial real estate 50,270 66,059 12,575 44,158 Santander real estate capital 8,591 8,591 890 4,623 Commercial and industrial 216,578 232,204 57,855 166,999 Multifamily 2,930 2,930 876 4,292 Other commercial 7,218 7,218 5,198 5,217 Consumer: Residential mortgages 284,630 324,188 38,764 303,845 Home equity loans and lines of credit 49,862 63,775 3,467 60,855 RICs and auto loans - originated 3,271,316 3,332,297 997,169 2,298,646 RICs and auto loans - purchased 1,855,948 2,097,520 471,687 2,155,028 Personal unsecured loans 16,858 17,126 6,846 9,349 Other consumer 13,093 17,253 2,442 15,878 Total: Commercial $ 597,288 $ 680,513 $ 98,596 $ 513,095 Consumer 5,795,365 6,217,341 1,520,375 5,134,346 Total $ 6,392,653 $ 6,897,854 $ 1,618,971 $ 5,647,441 (1) Recorded investment includes deferred loan fees, net of deferred origination costs and unamortized purchase premiums, net of discounts as well as purchase accounting adjustments. (2) Includes LHFS. The Company recognized interest income, not including the impact of purchase accounting adjustments, of $657.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 on approximately $5.2 billion of TDRs that were in performing status as of December 31, 2016 . Commercial Lending Asset Quality Indicators Commercial credit quality disaggregated by class of financing receivables is summarized according to standard regulatory classifications as follows: PASS. Asset is well-protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or guarantors, if any, or by the fair value less costs to acquire and sell any underlying collateral in a timely manner. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) SPECIAL MENTION. Asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention, which, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for an asset at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified. SUBSTANDARD. Asset is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. A well-defined weakness or weaknesses exist that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. DOUBTFUL. Exhibits the inherent weaknesses of a substandard credit. Additional characteristics exist that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values. Possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the credit, an estimated loss cannot yet be determined. LOSS. Credit is considered uncollectible and of such little value that it does not warrant consideration as an active asset. There may be some recovery or salvage value, but there is doubt as to whether, how much or when the recovery would occur. Commercial loan credit quality indicators by class of financing receivables are summarized as follows: December 31, 2017 Corporate Middle Santander Commercial and industrial Multifamily Remaining Total (1) (in thousands) Rating: Pass $ 2,841,401 $ 4,450,160 $ 990,065 $ 13,176,248 $ 8,123,727 $ 7,059,627 $ 36,641,228 Special mention 382,445 246,651 16,739 941,683 105,225 29,657 1,722,400 Substandard 196,382 103,405 17,723 398,325 45,483 21,747 783,065 Doubtful 13,743 20,511 — 71,233 — 63,708 169,195 Total commercial loans $ 3,433,971 $ 4,820,727 $ 1,024,527 $ 14,587,489 $ 8,274,435 $ 7,174,739 $ 39,315,888 (1) Financing receivables include LHFS. December 31, 2016 Corporate Middle Santander Commercial and industrial Multifamily Remaining Total (1) (in thousands) Rating: Pass $ 3,303,428 $ 4,843,468 $ 1,170,259 $ 17,865,871 $ 8,515,866 $ 6,804,184 $ 42,503,076 Special mention 144,125 136,989 44,281 541,828 120,731 10,651 998,605 Substandard 226,206 161,962 23,822 503,185 47,083 11,932 974,190 Doubtful 19,350 38,153 — 22,183 — 5,636 85,322 Total commercial loans $ 3,693,109 $ 5,180,572 $ 1,238,362 $ 18,933,067 $ 8,683,680 $ 6,832,403 $ 44,561,193 (1) Financing receivables include LHFS. Consumer Lending Asset Quality Indicators-Credit Score Consumer financing receivables for which either an internal or external credit score is a core component of the allowance model are summarized by credit score as follows: Credit Score Range (2) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) RICs and auto loans (3) Percent RICs and auto loans (3) Percent No FICO ®(1) $ 4,530,238 17.4 % $ 4,154,228 15.7 % <600 13,395,203 51.4 % 14,100,215 53.2 % 600-639 4,332,278 16.7 % 4,597,541 17.4 % >=640 3,759,621 14.5 % 3,646,485 13.7 % Total $ 26,017,340 100.0 % $ 26,498,469 100.0 % (1) Consists primarily of loans for which credit scores are not considered in the ALLL model. (2) Credit scores updated quarterly. (3) RICs and auto loans include $1.1 billion and $924.7 million of LHFS at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, that do not have an allowance. NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued) Consumer Lending Asset Quality Indicators-FICO and LTV Ratio For both residential and home equity loans, loss severity assumptions are incorporated in the loan and lease loss reserve models to estimate loan balances that will ultimately charge-off. These assumptions are based on recent loss experience within various current LTV bands within these portfolios. LTVs are refreshed quarterly by applying Federal Housing Finance Agency Home price index changes at a state-by-state level to the last known appraised value of the property to estimate the current LTV. The Company's ALLL incorporates the refreshed LTV information to update the distribution of defaulted loans by LTV as well as the associated loss given default for each LTV band. Reappraisals on a recurring basis at the individual property level are not considered cost-effective or necessary; however, reappraisals are performed on certain higher risk accounts to support line management activities, default servicing decisions, or when other situations arise for which the Company believes the additional expense is warranted. Residential mortgage and home equity financing receivables by LTV and FICO range are summarized as follows: Residential Mortgages (1)(3) December 31, 2017 N/A (2) LTV<=70% 70.01-80% 80.01-90% 90.01-100% 100.01-110% LTV>110% Grand Total FICO Score (dollars in thousands) N/A (2) $ 372,116 $ 6,759 $ 1,214 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 380,089 <600 21 220,737 55,108 35,617 23,834 2,505 6,020 343,842 600-639 45 155,920 42,420 35,009 34,331 2,696 6,259 276,680 640-679 37 320,248 94,601 90,7 |