Document and Entity Information
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Jan. 31, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2017 | |
Document and Entity Information | |||
Entity Registrant Name | OWENS ILLINOIS INC /DE/ | ||
Entity Central Index Key | 812,074 | ||
Document Type | 10-K | ||
Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2017 | ||
Amendment Flag | false | ||
Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | ||
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | Yes | ||
Entity Voluntary Filers | No | ||
Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes | ||
Entity Filer Category | Large Accelerated Filer | ||
Entity Public Float | $ 2,738,141,000 | ||
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 163,107,627 | ||
Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2,017 | ||
Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY |
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATI
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | |||
Net sales | $ 6,869 | $ 6,702 | $ 6,156 |
Cost of goods sold | (5,736) | (5,490) | (5,046) |
Gross profit | 1,133 | 1,212 | 1,110 |
Selling and administrative expense | (502) | (503) | (476) |
Research, development and engineering expense | (60) | (65) | (64) |
Interest expense, net | (268) | (272) | (251) |
Equity earnings | 77 | 60 | 60 |
Other expense, net | (105) | (76) | (111) |
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | 275 | 356 | 268 |
Provision for income taxes | (70) | (119) | (106) |
Earnings from continuing operations | 205 | 237 | 162 |
Loss from discontinued operations | (3) | (7) | (4) |
Net earnings | 202 | 230 | 158 |
Net (earnings) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (22) | (21) | (23) |
Net earnings attributable to the Company | 180 | 209 | 135 |
Amounts attributable to the Company: | |||
Earnings from continuing operations | 183 | 216 | 139 |
Loss from discontinued operations | (3) | (7) | (4) |
Net earnings attributable to the Company | $ 180 | $ 209 | $ 135 |
Basic earnings per share: | |||
Earnings from continuing operations (in dollars per share) | $ 1.12 | $ 1.33 | $ 0.86 |
Loss from discontinued operations (in dollars per share) | (0.01) | (0.04) | (0.03) |
Net earnings (in dollars per share) | 1.11 | 1.29 | 0.83 |
Diluted earnings per share: | |||
Earnings from continuing operations (in dollars per share) | 1.11 | 1.32 | 0.85 |
Loss from discontinued operations (in dollars per share) | (0.01) | (0.04) | (0.03) |
Net earnings (in dollars per share) | $ 1.10 | $ 1.28 | $ 0.82 |
CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCO
CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | |||
Net earnings | $ 202 | $ 230 | $ 158 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 70 | (224) | (529) |
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax | 289 | 52 | (4) |
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of tax | (8) | 13 | (6) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 351 | (159) | (539) |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | 553 | 71 | (381) |
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (27) | (17) | (7) |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ 526 | $ 54 | $ (388) |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Current assets: | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 492 | $ 492 |
Trade receivables, net of allowances of $34 million and $32 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively | 663 | 580 |
Inventories | 1,036 | 983 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 229 | 199 |
Total current assets | 2,420 | 2,254 |
Other assets: | ||
Equity investments | 525 | 433 |
Pension assets | 49 | 40 |
Other assets | 602 | 602 |
Intangibles | 439 | 464 |
Goodwill | 2,590 | 2,462 |
Total other assets | 4,205 | 4,001 |
Property, plant and equipment: | ||
Land, at cost | 255 | 241 |
Buildings and equipment, at cost: | ||
Buildings and building equipment | 1,180 | 1,090 |
Factory machinery and equipment | 5,015 | 4,496 |
Transportation, office and miscellaneous equipment | 96 | 85 |
Construction in progress | 303 | 238 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | 6,849 | 6,150 |
Less accumulated depreciation | 3,718 | 3,270 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 3,131 | 2,880 |
Total assets | 9,756 | 9,135 |
Current liabilities: | ||
Accounts payable | 1,324 | 1,135 |
Salaries and wages | 166 | 174 |
U.S. and foreign income taxes | 35 | 58 |
Current portion of asbestos-related liabilities | 100 | 115 |
Other accrued liabilities | 378 | 383 |
Other liabilities - discontinued operations | 115 | |
Short-term loans | 151 | 162 |
Long-term debt due within one year | 11 | 33 |
Total current liabilities | 2,280 | 2,060 |
Long-term debt | 5,121 | 5,133 |
Deferred taxes | 99 | 100 |
Pension benefits | 471 | 552 |
Nonpension postretirement benefits | 167 | 162 |
Other liabilities | 209 | 188 |
Asbestos-related liabilities | 482 | 577 |
Share owners' equity of the Company: | ||
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 185,727,663 and 185,354,796 shares issued (including treasury shares), respectively | 2 | 2 |
Capital in excess of par value | 3,099 | 3,080 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 22,648,606 and 23,017,367 shares, respectively | (551) | (560) |
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | 84 | (96) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,826) | (2,172) |
Total share owners' equity of the Company | 808 | 254 |
Noncontrolling interests | 119 | 109 |
Total share owners' equity | 927 | 363 |
Total liabilities and share owners' equity | $ 9,756 | $ 9,135 |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | ||
Trade receivables allowance | $ 34 | $ 32 |
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 |
Common stock, shares authorized | 250,000,000 | 250,000,000 |
Common stock, shares issued | 185,727,663 | 185,354,796 |
Treasury stock, shares | 22,648,606 | 23,017,367 |
CONSOLIDATED SHARE OWNERS' EQUI
CONSOLIDATED SHARE OWNERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Common Stock | |||
Increase (Decrease) in Share Owners' Equity | |||
Balance | $ 2 | $ 2 | $ 2 |
Balance | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Capital in Excess of Par Value | |||
Increase (Decrease) in Share Owners' Equity | |||
Balance | 3,080 | 3,064 | 3,066 |
Issuance of common stock | 1 | 5 | 1 |
Stock compensation | 18 | 11 | 15 |
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interest | (18) | ||
Balance | 3,099 | 3,080 | 3,064 |
Treasury Stock | |||
Increase (Decrease) in Share Owners' Equity | |||
Balance | (560) | (573) | (480) |
Reissuance of common stock | 9 | 13 | 7 |
Treasury shares purchased | (100) | ||
Balance | (551) | (560) | (573) |
Retained Earnings (accumulated deficit) | |||
Increase (Decrease) in Share Owners' Equity | |||
Balance | (96) | (305) | (440) |
Net earnings | 180 | 209 | 135 |
Balance | 84 | (96) | (305) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. | |||
Increase (Decrease) in Share Owners' Equity | |||
Balance | (2,172) | (2,017) | (1,494) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 346 | (155) | (523) |
Balance | (1,826) | (2,172) | (2,017) |
Non-Controlling Interests | |||
Increase (Decrease) in Share Owners' Equity | |||
Balance | 109 | 108 | 117 |
Net earnings | 22 | 21 | 23 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 5 | (4) | (16) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (17) | (16) | (22) |
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interest | 6 | ||
Balance | 119 | 109 | 108 |
Balance | 363 | 279 | 771 |
Issuance of common stock | $ 1 | $ 5 | $ 1 |
Issuance of common stock (in shares) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Reissuance of common stock | $ 9 | $ 13 | $ 7 |
Reissuance of common stock (in shares) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
Treasury shares purchased | $ (100) | ||
Treasury shares purchased (in shares) | 4.1 | ||
Stock compensation | $ 18 | $ 11 | $ 15 |
Net earnings | 202 | 230 | 158 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 351 | (159) | (539) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (17) | (16) | (22) |
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interest | (12) | ||
Balance | $ 927 | $ 363 | $ 279 |
CONSOLIDATED SHARE OWNERS' EQU7
CONSOLIDATED SHARE OWNERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - shares shares in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
CONSOLIDATED SHARE OWNERS' EQUITY | |||
Issuance of common stock (in shares) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Reissuance of common stock (in shares) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
Treasury shares purchased (in shares) | 4.1 |
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Operating activities: | |||
Net earnings | $ 202 | $ 230 | $ 158 |
Loss from discontinued operations | 3 | 7 | 4 |
Non-cash charges (credits): | |||
Depreciation | 387 | 375 | 323 |
Amortization of intangibles and other deferred items | 101 | 103 | 86 |
Amortization of finance fees and debt discount | 13 | 13 | 15 |
Deferred tax provision (benefit) | (12) | (4) | 12 |
Pension expense | 29 | 31 | 31 |
Restructuring, asset impairment and related charges | 72 | 98 | 63 |
Pension settlement charges | 218 | 98 | |
Impairment of equity investment | 25 | ||
Gain on China land sale | (71) | ||
Asbestos-related costs | 16 | ||
Acquisition-related fair value inventory adjustments | 22 | ||
Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments | 10 | ||
Pension contributions | (31) | (38) | (17) |
Asbestos-related payments | (110) | (125) | (138) |
Cash paid for restructuring activities | (62) | (24) | (38) |
Change in components of working capital | (89) | 90 | 88 |
Other | 3 | (50) | (23) |
Cash provided by continuing operating activities | 724 | 758 | 612 |
Cash utilized in discontinued operating activities | (3) | (7) | (4) |
Total cash provided by operating activities | 721 | 751 | 608 |
Investing activities: | |||
Cash payments for property, plant and equipment | (441) | (454) | (402) |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (39) | (56) | (2,351) |
Net cash proceeds related to sale of assets and other | 14 | 85 | 1 |
Net foreign exchange derivative activity | 8 | 4 | |
Cash utilized in continuing investing activities | (466) | (417) | (2,748) |
Cash provided by discontinued investing activities | 115 | ||
Total cash utilized in investing activities | (351) | (417) | (2,748) |
Financing activities: | |||
Additions to long-term debt | 1,458 | 1,235 | 4,538 |
Repayments of long-term debt | (1,764) | (1,453) | (2,321) |
Increase (decrease) in short-term loans | (36) | 10 | 51 |
Payment of finance fees | (28) | (9) | (90) |
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests | (17) | (16) | (22) |
Treasury shares purchased | (100) | ||
Issuance of common stock and other | (5) | 5 | 1 |
Cash provided by (utilized in) financing activities | (392) | (228) | 2,057 |
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash | 22 | (13) | (30) |
Increase (decrease) in cash | 93 | (113) | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 492 | 399 | 512 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ 492 | $ 492 | $ 399 |
Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Significant Accounting Policies | |
Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Significant Accounting Poli Basis of Consolidated Statements The consolidated financial statements of Owens-Illinois, Inc. (the “Company”) include the accounts of its subsidiaries. Newly acquired subsidiaries have been included in the consolidated financial statements from dates of acquisition. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in which it has a significant ownership interest, generally 20% to 50%. Other investments are accounted for at cost. The Company monitors other than temporary declines in fair value and records reductions in carrying values when appropriate. Nature of Operations The Company is a leading manufacturer of glass container products. The Company’s principal product lines are glass containers for the food and beverage industries. The Company has glass container operations located in 23 countries. The principal markets and operations for the Company’s products are in Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia Pacific. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates, at which time the Company would revise its estimates accordingly. Foreign Currency Translation The assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Any related translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in share owners’ equity. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes sales, net of estimated discounts and allowances, when the title to the products and risk of loss are transferred to customers. Provisions for rebates to customers are provided in the same period that the related sales are recorded. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are included with cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Results of Operations. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has various stock-based compensation plans consisting of stock option grants and restricted share awards. Costs resulting from all share-based compensation plans are required to be recognized in the financial statements. A public entity is required to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost is recognized over the required service period (usually the vesting period). No compensation cost is recognized for equity instruments for which employees do not render the required service. Cash The Company defines “cash” as cash and time deposits with maturities of three months or less when purchased. Outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit are included in accounts payable. Accounts Receivable Receivables are stated at amounts estimated by management to be the net realizable value. The Company charges off accounts receivable when it becomes apparent based upon age or customer circumstances that amounts will not be collected. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is established through charges to the provision for bad debts. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on a periodic basis. The evaluation includes historical trends in collections and write-offs, management’s judgment of the probability of collecting accounts and management’s evaluation of business risk. Inventory Valuation Inventories are valued at the lower of average costs or market. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is evaluated annually, as of October 1, for impairment or more frequently if an impairment indicator exists. Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets Intangible assets are amortized over the expected useful life of the asset. Amortization expense directly attributed to the manufacturing of the Company’s products is included in cost of goods sold. Amortization expense related to non-manufacturing activities is included in selling and administrative and other. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and other long-lived assets based on undiscounted projected cash flows, excluding interest and taxes, when factors indicate that impairment may exist. If impairment exists, the asset is written down to fair value. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) is carried at cost and includes expenditures for new facilities and equipment and those costs which substantially increase the useful lives or capacity of existing PP&E. In general, depreciation is computed using the straight-line method and recorded over the estimated useful life of the asset. Factory machinery and equipment is depreciated over periods ranging from 5 to 25 years with the majority of such assets (principally glass-melting furnaces and forming machines) depreciated over 7 to 15 years. Buildings and building equipment are depreciated over periods ranging from 10 to 50 years. Depreciation expense directly attributed to the manufacturing of the Company’s products is included in cost of goods sold. Depreciation expense related to non-manufacturing activities is included in selling and administrative. Depreciation expense includes the amortization of assets recorded under capital leases. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Costs assigned to PP&E of acquired businesses are based on estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company evaluates the recoverability of PP&E based on undiscounted projected cash flows, excluding interest and taxes, when factors indicate that impairment may exist. If impairment exists, the asset is written down to fair value. Derivative Instruments The Company uses currency swaps, interest rate swaps, forward exchange contracts, options and commodity forward contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate, interest rate and commodity market volatility. Derivative financial instruments are included on the balance sheet at fair value. When appropriate, derivative instruments are designated as and are effective as hedges, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. If the underlying hedged transaction ceases to exist, all changes in fair value of the related derivatives that have not been settled are recognized in current earnings. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes and is not a party to leveraged derivatives. Cash flows from forward exchange contracts not designated as hedges are classified as an investing activity and cash flows from commodity forward contracts are classified as operating activities. Cash flows of currency swaps and interest rate swap contracts are classified within the cash flow statement based on the nature of the underlying cash flows. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Generally accepted accounting principles defines a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop assumptions. The carrying amounts reported for cash and short-term loans approximate fair value. In addition, carrying amounts approximate fair value for certain long-term debt obligations subject to frequently redetermined interest rates. Fair values for the Company’s significant fixed rate debt obligations are generally based on published market quotations. The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities consist of natural gas forwards and foreign exchange option and forward contracts. The Company uses an income approach to valuing these contracts. Natural gas forward rates and foreign exchange rates are the significant inputs into the valuation models. These inputs are observable in active markets over the terms of the instruments the Company holds, and accordingly, the Company classifies its derivative assets and liabilities as Level 2 in the hierarchy. The Company also evaluates counterparty risk in determining fair values. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications of prior years’ data have been made to conform to the current year presentation. New Accounting Standards Revenue from Contracts with Customers - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which delayed by one year the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard, and therefore will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company is nearing the completion of its implementation process, which included a review of customer contracts, to evaluate the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. At this time, the Company does not expect that the implementation of this standard in 2018 will have a significant impact on the timing in which it recognizes revenue. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on consolidated net income or the consolidated balance sheet. The standard requires new substantial disclosures and the Company continues to evaluate these requirements. The Company plans to select the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption effective January 1, 2018. Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases”. Under this guidance, lessees will be required to recognize on the balance sheet a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The lease liability represents the lessee's obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, and will be measured as the present value of the lease payments. The right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use a specified asset for the lease term, and will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. ASU No. 2016-02 is required to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. The Company anticipates the new guidance will significantly impact its consolidated financial statements as the Company has a significant number of leases. As further described in Note 16, Operating Leases, as of December 31, 2017, the Company had minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable operating leases totaling $258 million. The Company has begun the implementation of new software to manage its leases in accordance with this new accounting standard. Stock Compensation - In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which requires all excess tax benefits or deficiencies to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. In addition, excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows. Application of the standard is required for the annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Credit Losses - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This guidance requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance also requires enhanced disclosures regarding significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. Goodwill - In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, “Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment” which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, but not exceeding the carrying amount of goodwill. Application of the standard will be applied prospectively and is effective for calendar year-end filers in 2020, with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company elected to early adopt this standard in the fourth quarter of 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Compensation - Retirement Benefits - In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” which requires the service cost component to be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating income within the income statement while the other components will be reported separately outside of operations. Application of the standard is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, except for the reclassification in the Consolidated Results of Operations of prior period pension settlement charges from the Cost of goods sold and Selling and administrative expense accounts into the Other expenses, net account. Derivatives and Hedging - In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” which improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. Application of the standard is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
Segment Information
Segment Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Segment Information | |
Segment Information | 2. Segment Information The Company has four reportable segments based on its geographic locations: Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia Pacific. These four segments are aligned with the Company’s internal approach to managing, reporting, and evaluating performance of its global glass operations. Certain assets and activities not directly related to one of the regions or to glass manufacturing are reported with Retained corporate costs and other. These include licensing, equipment manufacturing, global engineering, and certain equity investments. Retained corporate costs and other also includes certain headquarters administrative and facilities costs and certain incentive compensation and other benefit plan costs that are global in nature and are not allocable to the reportable segments. Beginning in the first quarter of 2017, equity earnings related to the Company’s joint-venture with Constellation Brands in Mexico were recorded in the North America region. In prior years, equity earnings from this joint-venture were recorded in Retained corporate costs and other as it was mostly in construction mode. Beginning in the first quarter of 2018, to better leverage its scale and presence across a larger geography and market, and to reduce administrative costs, the Company merged the North America and Latin America segments into one segment named the Americas. This change in segment reporting for the Americas is aligned with the Company’s internal approach to managing, reporting, and evaluating performance of this region. The Company’s measure of profit for its reportable segments is segment operating profit, which consists of consolidated earnings from continuing operations before interest income, interest expense, and provision for income taxes and excludes amounts related to certain items that management considers not representative of ongoing operations as well as certain retained corporate costs. The Company’s management uses segment operating profit, in combination with selected cash flow information, to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Segment operating profit for reportable segments includes an allocation of some corporate expenses based on both a percentage of sales and direct billings based on the costs of specific services provided. Financial information regarding the Company’s reportable segments is as follows: 2017 2016 2015 Net sales: Europe $ 2,375 $ 2,300 $ 2,324 North America 2,160 2,220 2,039 Latin America 1,551 1,432 1,064 Asia Pacific 714 684 671 Reportable segment totals 6,800 6,636 6,098 Other 69 66 58 Net sales $ 6,869 $ 6,702 $ 6,156 2017 2016 2015 Segment operating profit: Europe $ 263 $ 237 $ 209 North America 318 299 265 Latin America 296 269 183 Asia Pacific 65 77 83 Reportable segment totals 942 882 740 Items excluded from segment operating profit: Retained corporate costs and other (104) (98) (70) Pension settlement charges (218) (98) Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges (77) (129) (80) Charge for asbestos-related costs (16) Gain on China land sale 71 Strategic transaction costs (23) Acquisition-related fair value inventory adjustments (22) Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments (10) Interest expense, net (268) (272) (251) Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes $ 275 $ 356 $ 268 Reportable Retained Consoli- North Latin Asia Segment Corp Costs dated Europe America America Pacific Totals and Other Totals Total assets: 2017 $ 3,133 $ 2,794 $ 2,617 $ 1,001 $ 9,545 $ 211 $ 9,756 2016 2,792 2,522 2,537 926 8,777 358 9,135 2015 2,902 2,500 2,807 917 9,126 295 9,421 Equity investments: 2017 $ 95 $ 259 $ — $ 114 $ 468 $ 57 $ 525 2016 78 21 117 216 217 433 2015 78 22 145 245 164 409 Equity earnings: 2017 $ 18 $ 41 $ — $ — $ 59 $ 18 $ 77 2016 15 12 4 31 29 60 2015 16 19 7 42 18 60 Capital expenditures: 2017 $ 152 $ 106 $ 127 $ 55 $ 440 $ 1 $ 441 2016 163 108 123 59 453 1 454 2015 164 97 89 50 400 2 402 Depreciation and amortization expense: 2017 $ 125 $ 134 $ 176 $ 43 $ 478 $ 10 $ 488 2016 118 139 173 37 467 11 478 2015 120 128 107 40 395 14 409 The Company’s net property, plant and equipment by geographic segment are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. Total 2017 $ 757 $ 2,374 $ 3,131 2016 749 2,131 2,880 2015 736 2,225 2,961 The Company’s net sales by geographic segment are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. Total 2017 $ 2,072 $ 4,797 $ 6,869 2016 2,124 4,578 6,702 2015 1,939 4,217 6,156 Intercompany sales in Latin America totaled $150 million, $179 million and $101 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. For only the year ended December 31, 2015, operations outside the U.S. that accounted for more than 10% of consolidated net sales were in France. |
Inventories
Inventories | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Inventories | |
Inventories | 3. Inventories Major classes of inventory are as follows: 2017 2016 Finished goods $ 873 $ 827 Raw materials 122 118 Operating supplies 41 38 $ 1,036 $ 983 |
Equity Investments
Equity Investments | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Equity Investments | |
Equity Investments | 4. Equity Investments At December 31, 2017 the Company’s ownership percentage in affiliates include: O-I Ownership Affiliates Percentage Business Type BJC O-I Glass Pte. Ltd. % Glass container manufacturer CO Vidrieria SARL ("COV") % Glass container manufacturer Rocky Mountain Bottle Company % Glass container manufacturer Tata Chemical (Soda Ash) Partners % Soda ash supplier Vetrerie Meridionali SpA ("VeMe") % Glass container manufacturer Vetri Speciali SpA % Specialty glass manufacturer Summarized information pertaining to the Company’s equity affiliates follows: 2017 2016 2015 Equity in earnings: Non-U.S. $ 45 $ 19 $ 23 U.S. 32 41 37 Total $ 77 $ 60 $ 60 Dividends received $ 48 $ 38 $ 53 Summarized combined financial information for equity affiliates is as follows (unaudited): 2017 2016 At end of year: Current assets $ 466 $ 425 Non-current assets 1,021 779 Total assets 1,487 1,204 Current liabilities 232 190 Other liabilities and deferred items 198 145 Total liabilities and deferred items 430 335 Net assets $ 1,057 $ 869 For the year: 2017 2016 2015 Net sales $ 883 $ 755 $ 719 Gross profit $ 242 $ 182 $ 193 Net earnings $ 165 $ 145 $ 139 Based on an evaluation of each of the Company’s equity investments for the three years ending December 31, 2017, no investments exceeded the significant subsidiary thresholds per Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X. As such, separate financial statements for the Company’s equity investments are not required to be filed. The Company made purchases of approximately $180 million and $176 million from equity affiliates in 2017 and 2016, respectively, and owed approximately $90 million and $76 million to equity affiliates as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. There is a difference of approximately $10 million as of December 31, 2017, between the amount at which certain investments are carried and the amount of underlying equity in net assets. The portion of the difference related to inventory or amortizable assets is amortized as a reduction of the equity earnings. The remaining difference is considered goodwill. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 are as follows: North Latin Europe America America Other Total Balance as of January 1, 2015 $ 926 $ 723 $ 239 $ 5 $ 1,893 Acquisition related adjustments 316 480 796 Translation effects (86) (19) (95) (200) Balance as of December 31, 2015 840 1,020 624 5 2,489 Acquisition related adjustments 15 26 41 Translation effects (32) 3 (39) (68) Balance as of December 31, 2016 808 1,038 611 5 2,462 Translation effects 105 8 15 128 Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 913 $ 1,046 $ 626 $ 5 $ 2,590 The acquisition related adjustments in 2016 and 2015 primarily relate to the Vitro Acquisition (see Note 19). Goodwill for the Asia Pacific segment is $0 and net of accumulated impairment losses of $1,135 million as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of October 1 (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) by comparing the business enterprise value (“BEV”) of each reporting unit with its carrying value. The BEV is computed based on estimated future cash flows, discounted at the weighted average cost of capital of a hypothetical third-party buyer. If the BEV is less than the carrying value for any reporting unit, then any excess of the BEV of the goodwill over the carrying value will be recorded as an impairment loss. The calculations of the BEV are based on significant unobservable inputs, such as price trends, customer demand, material costs, discount rates and asset replacement costs, and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company completed its annual impairment testing and determined that no impairment existed. Intangible assets Customer list intangible assets are amortized using the accelerated amortization method over their 20 year lives. Net intangible asset values were $439 million and $464 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $41 million, $39 million and $21 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Estimated amortization related to intangible assets through 2022 is as follows: 2018, $44 million; 2019, $42 million; 2020, $41 million; 2021, $39 million; and 2022, $36 million. No impairment existed on these assets at December 31, 2017. The Company has determined that the fair value measurements related to the customer list intangibles are based on significant unobservable inputs and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. |
Other Assets
Other Assets | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Other Assets | |
Other Assets | 6. Other Assets Other assets (noncurrent) consist of the following at December 31, 2017 and 2016: 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets $ 194 $ 185 Deferred returnable packaging costs 119 115 Repair part inventories 106 107 Capitalized software 82 85 Value added taxes 24 22 Other 77 88 $ 602 $ 602 Capitalized software includes costs related to the acquisition and development of internal-use software. These costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Amortization expense for capitalized software was $12 million, $13 million and $19 million for 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Estimated amortization related to capitalized software through 2022 is as follows: 2018, $13 million; 2019, $14 million; 2020, $13 million; 2021, $12 million; and 2022, $11 million. |
Derivative Instruments
Derivative Instruments | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Derivative Instruments | |
Derivative Instruments | 7. Derivative Instruments The Company has certain derivative assets and liabilities which consist of natural gas forwards and foreign exchange option and forward contracts. The Company uses an income approach to value these contracts. Natural gas forward rates and foreign exchange rates are the significant inputs into the valuation models. These inputs are observable in active markets over the terms of the instruments the Company holds, and accordingly, the Company classifies its derivative assets and liabilities as Level 2 in the hierarchy. The Company also evaluates counterparty risk in determining fair values. Commodity Forward Contracts Designated as Cash Flow Hedges In several regions, the Company enters into commodity forward contracts related to forecasted natural gas requirements, the objectives of which are to limit the effects of fluctuations in the future market price paid for natural gas and the related volatility in cash flows. In North America, the majority of its customer contracts contain provisions that pass the price of natural gas to its customers. In certain of these contracts, the customer has the option of fixing the natural gas price component for a specified period of time. To limit the effects of fluctuations in cash flows resulting from these customer contracts, the Company enters into commodity forward contracts related to forecasted natural gas requirements. In Asia Pacific, the Company implemented a hedging program in 2016, which included the execution of commodity forward contracts for certain contracted natural gas requirements. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had entered into commodity forward contracts covering approximately 8,800,000 MM BTUs and 12,300,000 MM BTUs, respectively. The Company accounts for the above forward contracts as cash flow hedges at December 31, 2017 and recognizes them on the balance sheet at fair value. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as, and meets the required criteria for, a cash flow hedge is recorded in the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income component of share owners’ equity (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the underlying hedged item affects earnings. An unrecognized gain of $3 million at December 31, 2017 and an unrecognized gain of $6 million at December 31, 2016 related to the commodity forward contracts was included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings in the period when the commodity forward contracts expire. Any material portion of the change in the fair value of a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge that is deemed to be ineffective is recognized in current earnings. The ineffectiveness related to these natural gas hedges for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was not material. The effect of the commodity forward contracts on the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is as follows: Amount of gain (loss) Reclassified from Amount of gain (loss) Recognized in OCI on Accumulated OCI into Income Commodity Forward Contracts (reported in cost of goods sold) (Effective Portion) (Effective Portion) 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 $ 6 $ 7 $ (4) $ — $ — $ (1) Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts and not Designated as Hedging Instruments The Company may enter into short-term forward exchange or option agreements to purchase foreign currencies at set rates in the future. These agreements are used to limit exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for significant planned purchases of fixed assets or commodities that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currency. The Company may also use foreign exchange agreements to offset the foreign currency risk for receivables and payables, including intercompany receivables, payables, and loans, not denominated in, or indexed to, their functional currencies. The Company records these short-term foreign exchange agreements on the balance sheet at fair value and changes in the fair value are recognized in current earnings. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange and option agreements denominated in various currencies covering the equivalent of approximately $460 million and $490 million, respectively, related primarily to intercompany transactions and loans. The effect of the foreign exchange derivative contracts on the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is as follows: Amount of Gain (Loss) Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Recognized in Income on Foreign Exchange Contracts Foreign Exchange Contracts 2017 2016 2015 Other expense, net $ 10 $ 6 $ 10 Hedges of Multiple Risks The Company has variable-interest rate borrowings denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the borrowing subsidiaries. As a result, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in both the underlying variable interest rate and the currency of the borrowing against the subsidiaries’ functional currency. The Company uses derivatives to manage these exposures and designates these derivatives as cash flow hedges of both interest rate and foreign exchange risks. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of both interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk is recorded in Accumulated OCI and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period for which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. If there is an ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative it is recognized directly in earnings. During the second quarter of 2017, one of the Company’s Euro-functional subsidiaries entered into a cross-currency interest rate swap to manage its exposure to fluctuations in the variable interest rate and the U.S. dollar-Euro exchange rate arising from a U.S. dollar denominated borrowing. This swap involves exchanging fixed rate Euro interest payments for floating rate U.S. dollar interest receipts both of which will occur at the forward exchange rates in effect upon entering into the instrument. This instrument, which settled in the third quarter of 2017, had a pay fixed notional amount of €81 million and a receive floating notional amount of $90 million. There was no ineffectiveness related to these cross-currency interest rate swaps for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the fourth quarter of 2017, one of the Company’s Euro-functional subsidiaries entered into a series of cross-currency interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to fluctuations in the Euro-U.S dollar exchange rate arising from a U.S. dollar denominated borrowing. These swaps involve exchanging fixed rate Euro interest payments for fixed rate U.S. dollar interest receipts both of which will occur at the forward exchange rates in effect upon entering into the instrument. An unrecognized loss of less than $1 million at December 31, 2017 related to these cross-currency interest rate swaps was included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months. These instruments, in the aggregate, have a pay fixed notional amount of €263 million and a receive notional amount of $310 million and reach final maturity in 2023. There was no ineffectiveness related to these cross-currency interest rate swaps for the year ended December 31, 2017. Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Fair Value Hedges During the third and fourth quarters of 2017, the Company entered into a series of interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of €725 million that reach final maturity in 2024. The swaps were executed in order to maintain a capital structure containing appropriate amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt and to reduce net interest payments and expense in the near-term. The Company’s fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps were accounted for as fair value hedges. The relevant terms of the swap agreements match the corresponding terms of the notes and therefore there is no hedge ineffectiveness. The Company recorded the net of the fair market values of the swaps as a long-term liability and short-term asset along with a corresponding net decrease in the carrying value of the hedged debt. Under the swaps, the Company receives fixed rate interest amounts (equal to the interest on the corresponding hedged note) and pays interest at a six-month Euribor rate (set in arrears) plus a margin spread (see table below). The interest rate differential on each swap is recognized as an adjustment of interest expense during each six-month period over the term of the agreement. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value these derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The following selected information relates to fair value swaps at December 31, 2017: Amount Hedged Receive Rate Average Spread Senior Notes due 2024 € 725 3.125 % 2.6 % Balance Sheet Classification The Company records the fair values of derivative financial instruments on the balance sheet as follows: (a) receivables if the instrument has a positive fair value and maturity within one year, (b) deposits, receivables, and other assets if the instrument has a positive fair value and maturity after one year, (c) other accrued liabilities or other liabilities (current) if the instrument has a negative fair value and maturity within one year, and (d) other accrued liabilities or other liabilities if the instrument has a negative fair value and maturity after one year. The following table shows the amount and classification (as noted above) of the Company’s derivatives as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: Fair Value Balance Sheet Location 2017 2016 Asset Derivatives: Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity futures contracts b $ 3 $ 6 Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges a 6 Hedges of multiple risks designated as cash flow hedges a 4 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange derivative contracts a $ 4 $ 9 Total asset derivatives $ 17 $ 15 Liability Derivatives: Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity futures contracts c $ — $ — Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges d 13 Hedges of multiple risks designated as cash flow hedges d 10 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange derivative contracts d 1 5 Total liability derivatives $ 24 $ 5 |
Restructuring Accruals, Asset I
Restructuring Accruals, Asset Impairments and Other Costs Related to Closed Facilities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Restructuring Accruals, Asset Impairments and Other Costs Related to Closed Facilities | |
Restructuring Accruals, Asset Impairments and Other Costs Related to Closed Facilities | 8. Restructuring Accruals, Asset Impairments and Other Costs Related to Closed Facilities The Company continually reviews its manufacturing footprint and operating cost structure and may decide to close operations or reduce headcount to gain efficiencies, integrate acquired operations, reduce future expenses and other market factors. The Company incurs costs associated with these actions including employee severance and benefits, other exit costs such as those related to contract terminations, and asset impairment charges. The Company also may incur other costs related to closed facilities including environmental remediation, clean up, dismantling and preparation for sale or other disposition. The Company accounts for restructuring and other costs under applicable provisions of generally accepted accounting principles. Charges for employee severance and related benefits are generally accrued based on contractual arrangements with employees or their representatives. Other exit costs are accrued based on the estimated cost to settle related contractual arrangements. Estimated environmental remediation costs are accrued when specific claims have been received or are probable of being received. The Company’s decisions to curtail selected production capacity have resulted in write downs of certain long-lived assets to the extent their carrying amounts exceeded fair value or fair value less cost to sell. The Company classified the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of the impaired assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as set forth in the general accounting principles for fair value measurements. When a decision is made to take these actions, the Company manages and accounts for them programmatically apart from the on-going operations of the business. Information related to major programs is presented separately while minor initiatives are presented on a combined basis. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no major restructuring programs were in effect. In 2017, the Company implemented a number of minor restructuring initiatives and recorded restructuring, asset impairment and other charges of $72 million. These charges primarily consisted of employee costs, write-down of assets, and other exit costs in the following regions: Latin America ($45 million), Europe ($19 million), North America ($4 million) and Asia Pacific ($4 million). The restructuring charges recorded in 2017 were discrete actions and are expected to approximate the total cumulative cost for those actions as no significant additional costs are expected to be incurred. As part of the total restructuring charges recorded in Europe in 2016 and 2017, the Company has recorded total cumulative charges of $56 million related to a plant closure in this region and does not expect to execute any further significant actions related to this facility. The restructuring charges recorded in 2017 in the Latin American and European regions primarily relate to capacity curtailments and products produced at those facilities have, in large part, been reallocated to others in their respective regions. The Company expects that the majority of the remaining cash expenditures related to the above charges will be paid out by the end of 2019. In 2016, the Company implemented a number of minor restructuring initiatives and the Company recorded restructuring, asset impairment and other charges of $98 million. These charges primarily consisted of employee costs, write-down of assets, and other exit costs in the following regions: Latin America ($18 million), Europe ($48 million), North America ($4 million), Asia Pacific ($4 million) and other corporate restructuring actions ($24 million). Except for the charges recorded in Europe, the other discrete restructuring charges recorded in 2016 are expected to approximate the total cumulative costs for those actions as no significant additional costs are expected to be incurred. The Company has recorded total cumulative charges of $47 million related to a plant closure in Europe. These restructuring charges primarily relate to several capacity curtailments and the Company reallocated the products produced at these facility to others in the region. The following table presents information related to restructuring, asset impairment and other costs related to closed facilities from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017: Total Restructuring Balance at January 1, 2016 $ 43 Charges 98 Write-down of assets to net realizable value (28) Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits (24) Other, including foreign exchange translation (4) Balance at December 31, 2016 85 Charges 72 Write-down of assets to net realizable value (11) Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits (62) Other, including foreign exchange translation 1 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 85 The restructuring accrual balance represents the Company’s estimates of the remaining future cash amounts to be paid related to the actions noted above. As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s estimates include approximately $65 million for employee benefits costs, $19 million for environmental remediation costs, and $1 million for other exit costs. |
Pension Benefit Plans and Other
Pension Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Pension Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits | |
Pension Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits | 9. Pension Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits Pension Benefit Plans The Company has defined benefit pension plans covering a substantial number of employees located in the United States and several other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Benefits generally are based on compensation for salaried employees and on length of service for hourly employees. The Company’s policy is to fund pension plans such that sufficient assets will be available to meet future benefit requirements. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans use a December 31 measurement date. The changes in the pension benefit obligations for the year are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Obligations at beginning of year $ 1,956 $ 2,190 $ 1,235 $ 1,210 Change in benefit obligations: Service cost 14 15 15 16 Interest cost 78 90 40 44 Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of change in discount rates 123 36 (15) 160 Curtailment, settlement, and plan amendment (393) (200) (171) Participant contributions 1 2 Benefit payments (128) (175) (60) (71) Other 3 Foreign currency translation 103 (129) Net change in benefit obligations (306) (234) (87) 25 Obligations at end of year $ 1,650 $ 1,956 $ 1,148 $ 1,235 The changes in the fair value of the pension plans’ assets for the year are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Fair value at beginning of year $ 1,654 $ 1,909 $ 1,011 $ 1,012 Change in fair value: Actual gain (loss) on plan assets 254 118 87 139 Benefit payments (128) (175) (60) (71) Employer contributions 7 2 24 38 Participant contributions 1 2 Settlements (393) (200) (171) Foreign currency translation 83 (111) Other 2 Net change in fair value of assets (260) (255) (36) (1) Fair value at end of year $ 1,394 $ 1,654 $ 975 $ 1,011 The Company recognizes the funded status of each pension benefit plan on the balance sheet. The funded status of each plan is measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and actuarially calculated benefit obligations as of the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are accumulated in Other Comprehensive Income and the portion of each plan that exceeds 10% of the greater of that plan’s assets or projected benefit obligation is amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of employees still accruing benefits or the expected life of participants not accruing benefits if all, or almost all, of the plan’s participants are no longer accruing benefits. The funded status of the pension plans at year end is as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Plan assets at fair value $ 1,394 $ 1,654 $ 975 $ 1,011 Projected benefit obligations 1,650 1,956 1,148 1,235 Plan assets less than projected benefit obligations (256) (302) (173) (224) Items not yet recognized in pension expense: Actuarial loss 811 1,046 284 352 Prior service cost (credit) 1 1 (2) (1) 812 1,047 282 351 Net amount recognized $ 556 $ 745 $ 109 $ 127 The net amount recognized is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Pension assets $ — $ — $ 49 $ 40 Current pension liability, included with other accrued liabilities (2) (7) (5) (7) Pension benefits (254) (295) (217) (257) Accumulated other comprehensive loss 812 1,047 282 351 Net amount recognized $ 556 $ 745 $ 109 $ 127 The following changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows (amounts are pretax): U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Current year actuarial (gain) loss $ (2) $ 66 $ (40) $ 87 Amortization of actuarial loss (57) (67) (16) (12) Settlement (176) (98) (42) (235) (99) (98) 75 Translation 30 (43) Change in accumulated other comprehensive income $ (235) $ (99) $ (68) $ 32 The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $2,735 million and $3,126 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The components of the net pension expense for the year are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Service cost $ 14 $ 15 $ 24 $ 15 $ 16 $ 15 Interest cost 78 90 96 40 44 44 Expected asset return (128) (149) (170) (63) (65) (67) Amortization: Actuarial loss 57 67 74 16 13 15 Net expense $ 21 $ 23 $ 24 $ 8 $ 8 $ 7 Effective January 1, 2016 the Company amended its salary pension plan in North America to freeze future pension benefits. This action required an obligation remeasurement for the curtailment of benefits, which resulted in a reduction of the Company’s pension expense. In 2017, the Company settled a portion of its pension obligations in the U.S., Canada and the United Kingdom, resulting in settlement charges of $176 million, $27 million and $15 million, respectively. Retiree annuity contract purchase transactions in the U.S. and Canada amounting to approximately $369 million and $123 million, respectively, with several insurers, gave rise to the majority of the settlement transactions, with lump-sum payments directly to plan participants comprising the remainder. In 2016, the Company settled a portion of its U.S. pension obligation via a retiree annuity contract purchase of approximately $200 million, which resulted in a settlement charge of $98 million. Amounts that are expected to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net pension expense during 2018: U.S. Non-U.S. Actuarial loss $ 52 $ 13 The following information is for plans with projected and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets at year end: Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds the Fair Value of Plan Assets the Fair Value of Plan Assets U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 Projected benefit obligations $ 1,650 $ 1,956 $ 905 $ 897 $ 1,650 $ 1,956 $ 261 $ 897 Accumulated benefit obligation 1,650 1,956 878 867 1,650 1,956 241 867 Fair value of plan assets 1,394 1,654 682 632 1,394 1,654 39 632 The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Discount rate 3.69 % 4.17 % 2.76 % 2.94 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 2.78 % 2.90 % The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Discount rate 4.17 % 4.43 % 4.05 % 2.94 % 3.68 % 3.65 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 2.96 % 2.90 % 2.84 % 2.89 % Expected long-term rate of return on assets 7.50 % 7.50 % 8.00 % 6.32 % 7.15 % 7.21 % Future benefits are assumed to increase in a manner consistent with past experience of the plans, which, to the extent benefits are based on compensation, includes assumed salary increases as presented above. For 2017, the Company’s weighted average expected long-term rate of return on assets was 7.50% for the U.S. plans and 6.32% for the non-U.S. plans. In developing this assumption, the Company considered its historical 10-year average return (through December 31, 2016) and evaluated input from its third party pension plan asset consultants, including their review of asset class return expectations. It is the Company’s policy to invest pension plan assets in a diversified portfolio consisting of an array of asset classes within established target asset allocation ranges. The investment risk of the assets is limited by appropriate diversification both within and between asset classes. The assets for the U.S. plans are maintained in a group trust. The U.S. plans hold no individual assets other than the investment in the group trust. The assets of the group trust and the Company’s non-U.S. plans are primarily invested in a broad mix of domestic and international equities, domestic and international bonds, and real estate, subject to the target asset allocation ranges. The assets are managed with a view to ensuring that sufficient liquidity will be available to meet expected cash flow requirements. The investment valuation policy of the Company is to value investments at fair value. All investments are valued at their respective net asset values. Equity securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last reported sales price on their principal exchange on valuation date or official close for certain markets. Fixed income investments are valued by an independent pricing service. Investments in registered investment companies or collective pooled funds are valued at their respective net asset values. Short-term investments are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. The fair value of real estate is determined by periodic appraisals. The Company’s U.S. pension plan assets held in the group trust are measured at net asset value in the fair value hierarchy. The total U.S. plan assets amounted to $1,394 million and $1,654 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In 2017, the U.S. plan assets consisted of approximately 65% equity securities, 28% debt securities, and 7% real estate and other. In 2017, the non-U.S. plan assets consisted of approximately 22% equity securities, 54% debt securities, and 24% real estate and other. The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s non-U.S. pension plan assets at fair value as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: 2017 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 9 $ — $ — $ 9 $ 24 $ — $ — $ 24 Equity securities — — Debt securities 33 33 37 2 39 Real estate — 4 4 Other 27 27 37 6 43 Total $ 42 $ 27 $ — $ 61 $ 39 $ 10 Investments measured at net asset value $ 906 $ 901 Total non-U.S. assets at fair value $ 975 $ 1,011 The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s pension plan assets recorded at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): 2017 2016 Beginning balance $ 10 $ 11 Net increase (decrease) (10) (1) Ending balance $ — $ 10 The net increase (decrease) in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 pension plan assets is primarily due to purchases and sales of unlisted real estate funds. The change in the fair value of Level 3 pension plan assets due to actual return on those assets was immaterial in 2017. In order to maintain minimum funding requirements, the Company is required to make contributions to its defined benefit pension plans of approximately $35 million in 2018. The following estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid in the years indicated: Year(s) U.S. Non-U.S. 2018 $ 111 $ 51 2019 112 47 2020 112 51 2021 109 53 2022 109 55 2023-2027 517 289 The Company also sponsors several defined contribution plans for all salaried and hourly U.S. employees, and employees in Canada, the U.K., The Netherlands and Australia. Participants’ contributions are based on their compensation. The Company matches contributions of participants, up to various limits, in substantially all plans. Company contributions to these plans amounted to $33 million in 2017, $34 million in 2016, and $29 million in 2015. Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions The Company provides retiree health care and life insurance benefits covering certain U.S. salaried and hourly employees, and substantially all employees in Canada. Benefits provided by the Company for hourly retirees are determined by collective bargaining. Employees are generally eligible for benefits upon retirement and completion of a specified number of years of creditable service. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date to measure its postretirement benefit obligations. The changes in the postretirement benefit obligations for the year are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Obligations at beginning of year $ 92 $ 97 $ 81 $ 68 Change in benefit obligations: Service cost 1 1 Interest cost 4 4 3 3 Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of changing discount rates (1) 1 9 Benefit payments (7) (9) (2) (2) Foreign currency translation 5 2 Other 1 Net change in benefit obligations (3) (5) 8 13 Obligations at end of year $ 89 $ 92 $ 89 $ 81 The funded status of the postretirement benefit plans at year end is as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Postretirement benefit obligations $ (89) $ (92) $ (89) $ (81) Items not yet recognized in net postretirement benefit cost: Actuarial gain (loss) (19) (21) (7) (6) Prior service credit 22 30 3 9 (7) (6) Net amount recognized $ (86) $ (83) $ (96) $ (87) The net amount recognized is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Current nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities $ (8) $ (8) $ (3) $ (3) Nonpension postretirement benefits (81) (84) (86) (78) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 3 9 (7) (6) Net amount recognized $ (86) $ (83) $ (96) $ (87) The following changes in benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows (amounts are pretax): U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Current year actuarial (gain) loss $ — $ (1) $ 1 $ 9 Amortization of actuarial loss (2) (2) Amortization of prior service credit 8 8 $ 6 $ 5 $ 1 $ 9 The components of the net postretirement benefit cost for the year are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Service cost $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 Interest cost 4 4 4 3 3 3 Amortization: Actuarial loss 2 2 2 Prior service credit (8) (8) (8) Net amortization (6) (6) (6) — — — Net postretirement benefit (income) cost $ (2) $ (2) $ (2) $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 Amounts that are expected to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net postretirement benefit cost during 2018: U.S. Non-U.S. Amortization: Actuarial loss $ 1 $ — Prior service credit (8) Net amortization $ (7) $ — Amortization included in net postretirement benefit cost is based on the average remaining service of employees. The weighted average discount rates used to determine the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net postretirement benefit cost are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation 3.61 % 4.11 % 4.35 % 3.35 % 3.55 % 3.80 % Net postretirement benefit cost 4.11 % 4.35 % 3.99 % 3.55 % 3.80 % 3.75 % The weighted average assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31 are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.20 % 6.40 % 5.00 % 5.00 % Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (ultimate trend rate) 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2024 2024 N/A N/A Assumed health care cost trend rates affect the amounts reported for the postretirement benefit plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects: U.S. Non-U.S. 1-Percentage-Point 1-Percentage-Point Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Effect on total of service and interest cost $ — $ — $ — $ 1 Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (4) 4 (6) 8 Amortization included in net postretirement benefit cost is based on the average remaining service of employees. The following estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid in the years indicated: Year(s) U.S. Non-U.S. 2018 $ 8 $ 3 2019 7 3 2020 7 3 2021 7 4 2022 6 4 2023 - 2027 28 20 Other U.S. hourly retirees receive health and life insurance benefits from a multi-employer trust established by collective bargaining. Payments to the trust as required by the bargaining agreements are based upon specified amounts per hour worked and were $6 million in 2017, $6 million in 2016 and $6 million in 2015. Postretirement health and life benefits for retirees of foreign subsidiaries are generally provided through the national health care programs of the countries in which the subsidiaries are located. |
Income Taxes
Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Income Taxes | |
Income Taxes | 10. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes was calculated based on the following components of earnings (loss) before income taxes: Continuing operations 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ (43) $ (27) $ — Non-U.S. 318 383 268 $ 275 $ 356 $ 268 Discontinued operations 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ — $ — $ — Non-U.S. (3) (7) (4) $ (3) $ (7) $ (4) The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following: 2017 2016 2015 Current: U.S. $ (5) $ — $ 9 Non-U.S. 87 123 85 82 123 94 Deferred: U.S. 6 3 10 Non-U.S. (18) (7) 2 (12) (4) 12 Total: U.S. 1 3 19 Non-U.S. 69 116 87 Total for continuing operations 70 119 106 Total for discontinued operations — — — $ 70 $ 119 $ 106 A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes based on the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate of 35% to the provision for income taxes is as follows: 2017 2016 2015 Tax provision on pretax earnings from continuing operations at statutory U.S. Federal tax rate $ 96 $ 124 $ 94 Increase (decrease) in provision for income taxes due to: Non-U.S. tax rates (29) (22) (12) U.S. Tax Cut and Jobs Act: transition tax, net of foreign tax credits 2 Tax law changes 152 (3) (3) Change in valuation allowance: U.S. tax law change (162) Change in valuation allowance: other (283) 3 1 Tax attribute expiration 330 Withholding tax, net 8 7 10 Non-deductible acquisition costs 6 Non-deductible expenses 9 20 7 U.S. tax on intercompany dividends and interest 2 3 16 Tax exempt income (3) (2) (3) Intraperiod tax allocation (8) Tax credit (37) (19) (14) Changes in tax reserves (18) 8 5 Mexico inflationary adjustments 13 6 3 Equity earnings (13) (9) (7) Intercompany financing (4) (5) 1 Other taxes based on income 10 11 3 Other items (3) 5 (1) Provision for income taxes $ 70 $ 119 $ 106 Deferred income taxes reflect: (1) the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes; and (2) carryovers and credits for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets: Accrued postretirement benefits $ 44 $ 53 Asbestos-related liabilities 122 242 Foreign tax credit carryovers 124 413 Operating and capital loss carryovers 342 389 Other credit carryovers 17 34 Accrued liabilities 69 95 Pension liabilities 77 138 Other 43 74 Total deferred tax assets 838 1,438 Deferred tax liabilities: Property, plant and equipment 101 131 Intangibles and deferred software 97 119 Other 2 9 Total deferred tax liabilities 200 259 Valuation allowance (543) (1,094) Net deferred taxes $ 95 $ 85 Deferred taxes are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows: 2017 2016 Other assets $ 194 $ 185 Deferred taxes (99) (100) Net deferred taxes $ 95 $ 85 The deferred tax benefit associated with the reduction in the valuation allowance of $551 million was primarily allocated $445 million to income from continuing operations due to the primacy of continuing operations, the change in tax law and expiration of certain tax attribute carryovers, and $79 million to other comprehensive income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined separately for each tax jurisdiction on a separate or on a consolidated tax filing basis, as applicable, in which the Company conducts its operations or otherwise incurs taxable income or losses. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The Company considers the following possible sources of taxable income when assessing the realization of deferred tax assets: · taxable income in prior carryback years; · future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; · future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; and · prudent and feasible tax planning strategies that the Company would be willing to undertake to prevent a deferred tax asset from otherwise expiring. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or whether a change in judgment regarding the valuation allowance has occurred also considers all available positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to: · nature, frequency, and severity of cumulative losses in recent years; · duration of statutory carryforward and carryback periods; · statutory limitations against utilization of tax attribute carryforwards against taxable income; · historical experience with tax attributes expiring unused; and · near‑ and medium‑term financial outlook. The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the evidence may be objectively verified. Accordingly, it is generally difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. The Company uses the actual results for the last two years and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years. The evaluation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events recognized in the financial statements or tax returns and future profitability. The recognition of deferred tax assets represents the Company’s best estimate of those future events. Changes in the current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. In certain tax jurisdictions, the Company’s analysis indicates that it has cumulative losses in recent years. This is considered significant negative evidence which is objective and verifiable and, therefore, difficult to overcome. However, the cumulative loss position is not solely determinative and, accordingly, the Company considers all other available positive and negative evidence in its analysis. Based on its analysis, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance for the portion of deferred tax assets where based on the weight of available evidence it is unlikely to realize those deferred tax assets. Based on the evidence available including a lack of sustainable earnings, the Company in its judgment previously recorded a valuation allowance against substantially all of its net deferred tax assets in the United States. If a change in judgment regarding this valuation allowance were to occur in the future, the Company will record a potentially material deferred tax benefit, which could result in a favorable impact on the effective tax rate in that period. The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act , allows filers to use prior year methodologies or estimates of the anticipated current impact of the Act in the preparation of their 2017 financial statements. At December 31, 2017, the Company had not completed its accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Act; however, in certain cases, as described below, it has made a reasonable estimate of the effects on its existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. In all cases, the Company will continue to make and refine its calculations as additional data is gathered and further analysis is completed. In addition, the Company’s estimates may also be affected as it gains a more thorough understanding of the tax law and certain aspects of the Act are clarified by the taxing authorities. Any adjustments to these provisional amounts will be reported as a component of tax expense (benefit) in the reporting period in which any such adjustments are determined, which will be no later than the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company remeasured certain U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. However, the Company is still analyzing certain aspects of the Act and refining its calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new deferred tax amounts. The provisional amount recorded related to the remeasurement of net deferred tax assets was a net tax charge of $162 million, which was fully offset by an adjustment to valuation allowance. Additionally, the Company recorded a deferred tax benefit of $11 million for the reduction of a deferred tax liability related to an indefinite lived intangible asset. The Act did not change the Company’s judgment regarding the realizability of these net deferred tax assets. The one-time transition tax is based on the Company’s total post-1986 earnings and profits (“E&P”) that were previously deferred from U.S. income taxes and for which no deferred taxes were recorded since the Company previously claimed the indefinite reinvestment assertion exception on these earnings. At the date of enactment, the Company’s equity in the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries for which income taxes had not been provided approximated $2.3 billion on a U.S. taxable E&P basis. The Act had the effect of subjecting approximately $1.8 billion of these undistributed earnings to the one-time transition tax. This tax, amounting to a provisional amount of $331 million, is expected to be substantially offset by available foreign tax credits resulting in a provisional net tax expense of $2 million primarily attributable to state taxes. The Company has not yet completed its calculation of the total post-1986 E&P and associated foreign tax credits for these foreign subsidiaries. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when the Company finalizes the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. The Company anticipates that additional guidance and clarification regarding the implementation of the transition tax will be issued by federal and state taxing authorities and this estimate is, therefore, subject to future refinement. The Company has elected to treat Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI) which is effective in 2018 for the Company as a period cost. At December 31, 2017, before valuation allowance, the Company had unused foreign tax credits of $124 million expiring in 2020 through 2027 and research tax credits of $16 million expiring from 2019 to 2036. Approximately $160 million of the deferred tax assets related to operating and capital loss carryforwards can be carried over indefinitely, with the remaining $182 million expiring between 2018 and 2037. The Company maintains its assertion on a provisional basis that it intends to continue to indefinitely reinvest the gross book-tax basis differences in its non-US consolidated subsidiaries. However, the Company records deferred foreign taxes on gross book-tax basis differences to the extent of foreign distributable reserves for certain foreign subsidiaries. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the transition tax and additional outside basis difference in these entities (i.e., basis difference in excess of that subject to the one-time transition tax) is not practicable. The Company records a liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions. The Company accrues interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as a component of its income tax expense. The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015: 2017 2016 2015 Balance at January 1 $ 74 $ 74 $ 77 Additions and reductions for tax positions of prior years 1 1 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 17 15 10 Reductions due to the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations (7) (3) (5) Reductions due to settlements (9) (12) (1) Foreign currency translation 3 (8) Balance at December 31 $ 79 $ 74 $ 74 Unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective income tax rate $ 72 $ 66 $ 67 Accrued interest and penalties at December 31 $ 8 $ 23 $ 25 Interest and penalties included in tax expense for the years ended December 31 $ (14) $ (2) $ (1) Based upon the outcome of tax examinations, judicial proceedings, or expiration of statute of limitations, it is reasonably possible that the ultimate resolution of these unrecognized tax benefits may result in a payment that is materially different from the current estimate of the tax liabilities. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the estimated liability could decrease up to $7 million within the next 12 months. This is primarily the result of anticipated audit settlements or statute expirations in several taxing jurisdictions. The Company is currently under income tax examination in various tax jurisdictions in which it operates, including Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Germany, and Indonesia. The years under examination range from 2004 through 2015. The Company has received tax assessments in excess of established reserves. The Company is contesting these tax assessments, and will continue to do so, including pursuing all available remedies such as appeals and litigation, if necessary. The Company believes that adequate provisions for all income tax uncertainties have been made. However, if tax assessments are settled against the Company at amounts in excess of established reserves, it could have a material impact to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. During 2017, the Company concluded income tax audits in several jurisdictions, including Canada, Ecuador, France, and Italy. |
Debt
Debt | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Debt | |
Debt | 11. Debt The following table summarizes the long-term debt of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016: 2017 2016 Secured Credit Agreement: Revolving Credit Facility: Revolving Loans $ — $ — Term Loans: Term Loan A 1,148 1,395 Term Loan A (€279 million at December 31, 2016) 282 Senior Notes: 6.75%, due 2020 (€500 million) 594 523 4.875%, due 2021 (€330 million) 392 345 5.00%, due 2022 496 495 4.00%, due 2023 305 5.875%, due 2023 685 682 3.125%, due 2024 (€725 million at December 31, 2017 and €500 million at December 31, 2016) 849 520 5.375%, due 2025 297 297 6.375%, due 2025 295 294 Senior Debentures: 7.80%, due 2018 250 Capital leases 54 57 Other 17 26 Total long-term debt 5,132 5,166 Less amounts due within one year 11 33 Long-term debt $ 5,121 $ 5,133 On April 22, 2015, the Company entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facility, which subsequently has been amended several times with the most recent amendment being entered into on September 28, 2017 (the “Amended Agreement”). At December 31, 2017, the Amended Agreement includes a $300 million revolving credit facility, a $600 million multicurrency revolving credit facility, and a $1,575 million term loan A facility ($1,148 million net of debt issuance costs), each of which has a final maturity date of April 22, 2020. At December 31, 2017, the Company had unused credit of $888 million available under the Amended Agreement. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under the Amended Agreement at December 31, 2017 was 3.17%. The Amended Agreement contains various covenants that restrict, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, the ability of the Company to incur certain liens, make certain investments, become liable under contingent obligations in certain defined instances only, make restricted payments, make certain asset sales within guidelines and limits, engage in certain affiliate transactions, participate in sale and leaseback financing arrangements, alter its fundamental business, and amend certain subordinated debt obligations. The Amended Agreement also contains one financial covenant, a Total Leverage Ratio, that requires the Company not to exceed a ratio calculated by dividing consolidated total debt, less cash and cash equivalents (“Net Indebtedness”), by consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the Amended Agreement. The Total Leverage Ratio could restrict the ability of the Company to undertake additional financing or acquisitions to the extent that such financing or acquisitions would cause the Total Leverage Ratio to exceed the specified maximum of 4.0x for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2017 and each fiscal quarter thereafter. On September 28, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 5 (“Amendment No. 5”) to the Amended Agreement. Amendment No. 5 changes the calculation of the Total Leverage Ratio by excluding from the calculation of Net Indebtedness ordinary course revolver borrowings (except to the extent such borrowings existed at the prior year end) and non-recourse factoring or securitization debt. Failure to comply with these covenants and restrictions could result in an event of default under the Amended Agreement. In such an event, the Company would be unable to request borrowings under the revolving facility, and all amounts outstanding under the Amended Agreement, together with accrued interest, could then be declared immediately due and payable. If an event of default occurs under the Amended Agreement and the lenders cause all of the outstanding debt obligations under the Amended Agreement to become due and payable, this would result in a default under a number of other outstanding debt securities and could lead to an acceleration of obligations related to these debt securities. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions in the Amended Agreement. In addition, the Company believes that it will remain in compliance and that its ability to borrow funds under the Amended Agreement will not be adversely affected by the covenants and restrictions. The interest rates on borrowings under the Amended Agreement are, at the Company’s option, the Base Rate or the Eurocurrency Rate, as defined in the Amended Agreement, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for the term loan A facility and the revolving credit facility is linked to the Company’s Total Leverage Ratio and ranges from 1.25% to 1.75% for Eurocurrency Rate loans and from 0.25% to 0.75% for Base Rate loans. In addition, a facility fee is payable on the revolving credit facility commitments ranging from 0.20% to 0.30% per annum linked to the Total Leverage Ratio. Borrowings under the Amended Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets, excluding real estate and certain other excluded assets, of certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and certain foreign subsidiaries. Borrowings are also secured by a pledge of intercompany debt and equity investments in certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and, in the case of foreign borrowings, of stock of certain foreign subsidiaries. All borrowings under the Amended Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company. During November 2016, the Company issued senior notes with a face value of €500 million that bear interest at 3.125% and are due November 15, 2024 (the “Senior Notes due 2024”). The notes were issued via a private placement and are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries. The net proceeds, after deducting debt issuance costs, totaled approximately $520 million and were used to repay the term loan B facility under the Amended Agreement. In March 2017, the Company expanded its borrowings under the Senior Notes due 2024 by issuing €225 million of additional notes that bear interest at 3.125% and are due November 15, 2024. The notes were issued via a private placement and are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries. The net proceeds, after deducting debt issuance costs, totaled approximately $237 million and were used to repay a portion of the Company’s revolving credit facility. During March 2017, the Company purchased in a tender offer approximately $228 million aggregate principal amount of its 7.80% Senior Debentures due in 2018. In November 2017, the remaining $22 million of the 7.80% Senior Debentures were repurchased by the Company, the indenture relating thereto was discharged, and all collateral and guarantees thereunder were released. The Company recorded $18 million of additional interest charges for note repurchase premiums and the write-off of unamortized finance fees related to these actions. During December 2017, the Company issued senior notes with a face value of $310 million that bear interest at 4.00% and are due March 15, 2023. The notes were issued via a private placement and are guaranteed by certain of the Company‘s domestic subsidiaries. The net proceeds, after deducting debt issuance costs, totaled approximately $305 million and were used to repay a portion of the term loan A facility under the Amended Agreement. In order to maintain a capital structure containing appropriate amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt, the Company has entered into a series of interest rate swap agreements. These swap agreements were accounted for as fair value hedges (see Note 7). The Company assesses its capital raising and refinancing needs on an ongoing basis and may enter into additional credit facilities and seek to issue equity and/or debt securities in the domestic and international capital markets if market conditions are favorable. Also, depending on market conditions, the Company may elect to repurchase portions of its debt securities in the open market. The Company has a €185 million European accounts receivable securitization program, which extends through March 2019, subject to periodic renewal of backup credit lines. Information related to the Company’s accounts receivable securitization program as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: 2017 2016 Balance (included in short-term loans) $ 133 $ 152 Weighted average interest rate 0.76 % 0.74 % The carrying amounts reported for the accounts receivable securitization program, and certain long-term debt obligations subject to frequently redetermined interest rates, approximate fair value. Fair values for the Company’s significant fixed rate debt obligations are based on published market quotations, and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Annual maturities for all of the Company’s long-term debt through 2022 are as follows: 2018, $11 million; 2019, $11 million; 2020, $1,753 million; 2021, $401 million; 2022, $503 million; and 2023 and thereafter $2,453 million. Fair values at December 31, 2017, of the Company’s significant fixed rate debt obligations are as follows: Principal Amount Indicated Market Price Fair Value Senior Notes: 6.75%, due 2020 (€500 million) $ 597 $ 116.99 $ 699 4.875%, due 2021 (€330 million) 394 113.43 447 5.00%, due 2022 500 104.24 521 5.875%, due 2023 700 108.15 757 4.00%, due 2023 310 100.21 311 3.125%, due 2024 (€725 million) 866 105.34 912 6.375%, due 2025 300 112.62 338 5.375%, due 2025 300 105.31 316 |
Contingencies
Contingencies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Contingencies | |
Contingencies | 12. Contingencies Asbestos The Company is a defendant in numerous lawsuits alleging bodily injury and death as a result of exposure to asbestos. From 1948 to 1958, one of the Company's former business units commercially produced and sold approximately $40 million of a high-temperature, calcium-silicate based pipe and block insulation material containing asbestos. The Company sold its insulation business unit at the end of April 1958. The typical asbestos personal injury lawsuit alleges various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability and seeks compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages in various amounts (herein referred to as "asbestos claims"). The following table shows the approximate number of plaintiffs and claimants who had asbestos claims pending against the Company at the beginning of each listed year, the number of claims disposed of during that year, the year’s filings and the claims pending at the end of each listed year (eliminating duplicate filings): 2017 2016 2015 Pending at beginning of year 1,400 2,080 2,260 Disposed 1,320 1,750 1,460 Filed 1,250 1,070 1,280 Pending at end of year 1,330 1,400 2,080 Based on an analysis of the lawsuits pending as of December 31, 2017, approximately 89% of plaintiffs either do not specify the monetary damages sought, or in the case of court filings, claim an amount sufficient to invoke the jurisdictional minimum of the trial court. Approximately 8% of plaintiffs specifically plead damages above the jurisdictional minimum up to, and including, $15 million or less, and 3% of plaintiffs specifically plead damages greater than $15 million but less than or equal to $100 million. As indicated by the foregoing summary, current pleading practice permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages. The Company’s experience resolving hundreds of thousands of asbestos claims and lawsuits over an extended period demonstrates that the monetary relief alleged in a complaint bears little relevance to a claim’s merits or disposition value. Rather, the amount potentially recoverable is determined by such factors as the type and severity of the plaintiff’s asbestos disease, the plaintiff’s medical history and exposure to other disease-causing agents, the product identification evidence against the Company and other co-defendants, the defenses available to the Company and other co-defendants, the specific jurisdiction in which the claim is made, and the plaintiff’s firm representing the claimant. In addition to the pending claims set forth above, the Company has claims-handling agreements in place with many plaintiffs’ counsel throughout the country. These agreements require evaluation and negotiation regarding whether particular claimants qualify under the criteria established by such agreements. The criteria for such claims include verification of a compensable illness and a reasonable probability of exposure to a product manufactured by the Company's former business unit during its manufacturing period ending in 1958. The Company has also been a defendant in other asbestos-related lawsuits or claims involving maritime workers, medical monitoring claimants, co-defendants and property damage claimants. Based upon its past experience, the Company believes that these categories of lawsuits and claims will not involve any material liability and they are not included in the above description of pending matters or in the following description of disposed matters. Since receiving its first asbestos claim, the Company as of December 31, 2017, has disposed of the asbestos claims of approximately 399,000 plaintiffs and claimants at an average indemnity payment per claim of approximately $9,600. The Company’s asbestos indemnity payments have varied on a per claim basis, and are expected to continue to vary considerably over time. Asbestos-related cash payments for 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $110 million, $125 million, and $138 million, respectively. The Company’s cash payments per claim disposed (inclusive of legal costs) were approximately $83,000, $71,000 and $95,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. As discussed above, the Company’s objective is to achieve, where possible, resolution of asbestos claims pursuant to claims-handling agreements. Failure of claimants to meet certain medical and product exposure criteria in the Company’s administrative claims handling agreements has generally reduced the number of claims that would otherwise have been received by the Company in the tort system. In addition, certain court orders and legislative acts have reduced or eliminated the number of claims that the Company otherwise would have received by the Company in the tort system. These developments generally have had the effect of increasing the Company’s per-claim average indemnity payment over time. Beginning with the initial liability of $975 million established in 1993, the Company has accrued a total of approximately $4.9 billion through 2017, before insurance recoveries, for its asbestos-related liability. The Company’s estimates of its liability have been significantly affected by, among other factors, the volatility of asbestos-related litigation in the United States, the significant number of co-defendants that have filed for bankruptcy, the inherent uncertainty of future disease incidence and claiming patterns against the Company, the significant expansion of the defendants that are now sued in this litigation, and the continuing changes in the extent to which these defendants participate in the resolution of cases in which the Company is also a defendant. The Company continues to monitor trends that may affect its ultimate liability and analyze the developments and variables likely to affect the resolution of pending and future asbestos claims against the Company. The material components of the Company’s total accrued liability are determined by the Company in connection with its annual comprehensive legal review and consist of the following estimates, to the extent it is probable that such liabilities have been incurred and can be reasonably estimated: (i) the liability for asbestos claims already asserted against the Company; (ii) the liability for asbestos claims not yet asserted against the Company; and (iii) the legal defense costs estimated to be incurred in connection with the claims already asserted and those claims the Company believes will be asserted. As noted above, the Company conducts a comprehensive legal review of its asbestos-related liabilities and costs annually in connection with finalizing and reporting its annual results of operations, unless significant changes in trends or new developments warrant an earlier review. As part of its current annual comprehensive legal review, the Company provides historical claims filing data to a third party with expertise in determining the impact of disease incidence and mortality on future filing trends to develop information to assist the Company in estimating the total number of future claims to be filed. The Company uses this estimate of total future claims, along with an estimation of disposition costs and related legal costs, as inputs to develop its best estimate of its total probable liability. If the results of the annual comprehensive legal review indicate that the existing amount of the accrued liability is lower (higher) than its reasonably estimable asbestos-related costs, then the Company will record an appropriate charge (credit) to the Company’s results of operations to increase (decrease) the accrued liability. The significant assumptions underlying the material components of the Company’s accrual are: a) settlements will continue to be limited almost exclusively to claimants who were exposed to the Company’s asbestos‑containing insulation prior to its exit from that business in 1958; b) claims will continue to be resolved primarily under the Company’s administrative claims agreements or on terms comparable to those set forth in those agreements; c) the incidence of serious asbestos‑related disease cases and claiming patterns against the Company for such cases do not change materially; d) the Company is substantially able to defend itself successfully at trial and on appeal; e) the number and timing of additional co‑defendant bankruptcies do not change significantly the assets available to participate in the resolution of cases in which the Company is a defendant; and f) co‑defendants with substantial resources and assets continue to participate significantly in the resolution of future asbestos lawsuits and claims. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company concluded that accruals in the amounts of $582 million and $692 million, respectively, were required. These amounts have not been discounted for the time value of money. The Company’s comprehensive legal reviews resulted in charges of $0, $0 and $16 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that it will incur a loss for its asbestos-related liabilities in excess of the amount currently recognized, which is $582 million as of December 31, 2017. The Company estimates that reasonably possible losses could result in asbestos-related liabilities up to $725 million. This estimate of additional reasonably possible loss reflects a qualitative legal judgment regarding the nature of contingencies that could impact future claims and legal costs, which include, but are not limited to, successful attempts by plaintiffs to challenge existing legal barriers to liability, enact plaintiff-oriented liability or damage-related legislation, establish new theories of liability, or revive long-dormant inventories of non-mesothelioma cases. However, it is also possible that the ultimate amount of asbestos-related liabilities could be above this estimate. The Company expects a significant majority of the total number of claims to be received in the next ten years. This timeframe appropriately reflects the mortality of current and expected claimants in light of the Company’s sale of its insulation business unit in 1958. As noted above, the Company’s asbestos-related liability is based on a projection of new claims that will eventually be filed against the Company and the estimated average disposition cost of these claims and related legal costs. Changes in these projections, and estimates, as well as changes in the significant assumptions noted above, have the potential to significantly impact the estimation of the Company’s asbestos-related liability. Other Matters On July 5, 2016, the Company learned that the Enforcement Division of the SEC is conducting an investigation into certain accounting and control matters pertaining to the Company’s determination of its asbestos-related liabilities. On May 13, 2016, the Company restated its consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 in order to correct an error related to the Company’s method for estimating its future asbestos-related liabilities. The Company is cooperating with the SEC’s investigation. At this time, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of this matter or provide meaningful quantification of how the final resolution of this matter may impact its future consolidated financial statements, results of operations, or cash flows. Other litigation is pending against the Company, in many cases involving ordinary and routine claims incidental to the business of the Company and in others presenting allegations that are non-routine and involve compensatory, punitive or treble damage claims as well as other types of relief. The Company records a liability for such matters when it is both probable that the liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Recorded amounts are reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in the factors upon which the estimates are based, including additional information, negotiations, settlements and other events. |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The components of comprehensive income are: (a) net earnings; (b) change in fair value of certain derivative instruments; (c) pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments; and (d) foreign currency translation adjustments. The net effect of exchange rate fluctuations generally reflects changes in the relative strength of the U.S. dollar against major foreign currencies between the beginning and end of the year. The following table lists the beginning balance, annual activity and ending balance of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): Total Accumulated Net Effect of Change in Certain Other Exchange Rate Derivative Employee Comprehensive Fluctuations Instruments Benefit Plans Income (Loss) Balance on January 1, 2016 $ (568) $ (17) $ (1,432) $ (2,017) Change before reclassifications (220) 7 (2) (215) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 6 (a) 72 (b) 78 Translation effect (25) (25) Tax effect 15 15 Intraperiod tax allocation (8) (8) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company (220) 13 52 (155) Balance on December 31, 2016 (788) (4) (1,380) (2,172) Change before reclassifications 65 (3) (8) 54 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (6) (a) 285 (b) 279 Translation effect 32 32 Tax effect 1 (20) (19) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company 65 (8) 289 346 Balance on December 31, 2017 $ (723) $ (12) $ (1,091) $ (1,826) (a) Amount is included in Cost of goods sold on the Consolidated Results of Operations (see Note 7 for additional information). (b) Amount is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost and net postretirement benefit cost (see Note 9 for additional information). |
Stock Based Compensation
Stock Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Stock Based Compensation | |
Stock Based Compensation | 14. Stock Based Compensation The Company has various nonqualified plans approved by share owners under which it has granted stock options, restricted shares and performance vested restricted share units. Starting with the 2017 equity awards, the Company has allocated these awards solely in the form of restricted shares and performance vested restricted share units. As such, the Company’s annual compensation expense related to stock option awards is immaterial . At December 31, 2017, there were 5,620,022 shares available for grants under these plans. Total compensation cost for all grants of shares and units under these plans was $18 million, $11 million and $15 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units Restricted share units granted to employees vest 25% per year beginning on the first anniversary. Granted but unvested restricted share units are forfeited upon termination, unless certain retirement criteria are met. Holders of vested restricted share units receive one share of the Company’s common stock for each unit as units vest. Restricted share units granted to directors vest after one year. The fair value of the restricted shares and restricted share units is equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of restricted shares and restricted share units, is amortized over the vesting periods which range from one to four years. The activity of restricted shares and restricted share units is as follows: Weighted Number of Average Restricted Grant-Date Shares Fair Value (thousands) (per share) Nonvested at January 1, 2017 836 $ 19.44 Granted 601 20.01 Vested (255) 21.30 Forfeited (74) 18.31 Nonvested at December 31, 2017 1,108 19.39 Awards granted during 2016 $ 15.70 Awards granted during 2015 $ 22.69 2017 2016 2015 Total fair value of shares vested $ 5 $ 6 $ 4 Performance Vested Restricted Share Units Performance vested restricted share units vest on January 1 of the third year following the year in which they are granted. Holders of vested units may receive up to 2 shares of the Company’s common stock for each unit, depending upon the attainment of consolidated performance goals established by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. If minimum goals are not met, no shares will be issued. Granted but unvested restricted share units are forfeited upon termination of employment, unless certain retirement criteria are met. The fair value of each performance vested restricted share unit is equal to the product of the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and the estimated number of shares into which the performance vested restricted share unit will be converted. The fair value of performance vested restricted share units is amortized ratably over the vesting period. Should the estimated number of shares into which the performance vested restricted share unit will be converted change, an adjustment will be recorded to recognize the accumulated difference in amortization between the revised and previous estimates. Performance vested restricted share unit activity is as follows: Number of Performance Weighted Average Vested Restricted Shares Grant-Date Fair Value Units (thousands) (per unit) Nonvested at January 1, 2017 1,355 $ 20.76 Granted 528 19.57 Vested (66) 33.39 Forfeited/Cancelled (223) 29.23 Nonvested at December 31, 2017 1,594 18.66 Awards granted during 2016 $ 15.10 Awards granted during 2015 $ 23.63 Approximately 66,000 shares were issued in 2017 with a fair value at issuance date of $2 million related to performance vested restricted share units. As of December 31, 2017, there was $19 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested stock options, restricted shares, restricted share units and performance vested restricted share units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years. |
Other Expense, net
Other Expense, net | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Other Expense, net | |
Other Expense, net | 15. Other Expense, net Other expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 included the following: 2017 2016 2015 Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges $ 77 $ 104 $ 75 Intangible amortization expense 41 39 21 Impairment of equity investment 25 Charge for asbestos related costs 16 Gain on China land compensation (71) Royalty income (11) (13) (12) Strategic transaction costs 23 Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments 10 Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) 5 6 (10) Other expense (income) (7) (14) (12) $ 105 $ 76 $ 111 In 2016, the Company evaluated the future estimated earnings and cash flow of an equity investment and determined that it was other-than-temporarily impaired. As such, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $25 million to reduce its carrying value down to its estimated fair value. The Company classified the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of the impaired assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as set forth in the general accounting principles for fair value measurements. |
Operating Leases
Operating Leases | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Operating Leases | |
Operating Leases | 16. Operating Leases Rent expense attributable to all warehouse, office buildings and equipment operating leases was $84 million in 2017, $80 million in 2016, and $72 million in 2015. Minimum future rentals under operating leases are as follows: 2018, $73 million; 2019, $55 million; 2020, $40 million; 2021, $29 million; 2022, $24 million; and 2023 and thereafter, $37 million. |
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Earnings Per Share | |
Earnings Per Share | 17. Earnings Per Share The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: 2017 2016 2015 Numerator: Net earnings attributable to the Company $ 180 $ 209 $ 135 Denominator (in thousands): Denominator for basic earnings per share-weighted average shares outstanding 162,737 161,857 161,169 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and other 1,910 968 966 Denominator for diluted earnings per share-adjusted weighted average shares outstanding 164,647 162,825 162,135 Basic earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.12 $ 1.33 $ 0.86 Loss from discontinued operations (0.01) (0.04) (0.03) Net earnings $ 1.11 $ 1.29 $ 0.83 Diluted earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.11 $ 1.32 $ 0.85 Loss from discontinued operations (0.01) (0.04) (0.03) Net earnings $ 1.10 $ 1.28 $ 0.82 Options to purchase 1,552,928, 2,770,458 and 1,937,315 weighted average shares of common stock which were outstanding during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares. |
Supplemental Cash Flow Informat
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | 18. Supplemental Cash Flow Information Changes in the components of working capital related to operations (net of the effects related to acquisitions and divestitures) were as follows: 2017 2016 2015 Decrease (increase) in current assets: Receivables $ (37) $ (32) $ (14) Inventories 2 16 (13) Prepaid expenses and other (10) 145 (4) Increase (decrease) in current liabilities: Accounts payable 69 (58) 100 Accrued liabilities (49) (31) 21 Salaries and wages (21) 32 12 U.S. and foreign income taxes (43) 18 (14) $ (89) $ 90 $ 88 The Company uses various factoring programs to sell certain receivables to financial institutions as part of managing its cash flows. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the amount of receivables sold by the Company was $454 million and $318 million, respectively. Any continuing involvement with the sold receivables is immaterial. Income taxes paid in cash were as follows: 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ 4 $ — $ — Non-U.S. 127 99 101 Total income taxes paid in cash $ 131 $ 99 $ 101 Interest paid in cash, including note repurchase premiums, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $261 million, $261 million and $227 million, respectively. Cash interest for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 included $18 million, $9 million and $32 million of note repurchase premiums, respectively. |
Business Combinations and Pro F
Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information | |
Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information | 19. Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information On September 1, 2015, the Company completed the Vitro Acquisition in a cash transaction valued at approximately $2.297 billion in cash, subject to a working capital adjustment and certain other adjustments. The Vitro Business in Mexico is the largest supplier of glass containers in that country manufacturing glass containers across multiple end uses, including food, soft drinks, beer, wine and spirits. The Vitro Acquisition included five food and beverage glass container plants in Mexico, a plant in Bolivia and a North American distribution business, and provided the Company with a competitive position in the glass packaging market in Mexico. The results of the Vitro Business have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since September 1, 2015 and contributed approximately $608 million of incremental net sales and $122 million of incremental segment operating profit in the year ended December 31, 2016. Vitro’s food and beverage glass container operations in Mexico and Bolivia are included in the Latin American operating segment while its distribution business is included in the North American operating segment. Had the Vitro Acquisition occurred at the beginning of 2015, unaudited pro forma consolidated net sales, earnings from continuing operations and earnings from continuing operations per share of common stock (diluted) would have been as follows: Year Ending December 31, 2015 As Acquisition Financing Pro Forma Reported Adjustments Adjustments As Adjusted Net sales $ 6,156 $ 574 $ — $ 6,730 Earnings from continuing operations attributable to the Company $ 139 $ 79 $ (46) $ 172 Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations $ 0.85 $ 1.06 |
Discontinued Operations
Discontinued Operations | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Discontinued Operations | |
Discontinued Operations | 20. Discontinued Operations On April 4, 2016, the annulment committee formed by the World Bank’s International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) ruled that OI European Group B.V. (“OIEG”), a subsidiary of the Company, is free to pursue the enforcement of a prior arbitration award (the “Award”) against Venezuela. As of December 31, 2017, that Award amounts to more than $ 500 million , including reimbursement of expenses and accrued interest. Venezuela’s application to annul the Award was heard by an ad hoc committee of the ICSID in September 2017, but no decision has been rendered yet. On July 31, 2017, OIEG sold its right, title and interest in amounts due under the Award to an Ireland-domiciled investment fund. Under the terms of the sale, OIEG received a payment, in cash, at closing equal to $115 million (the “Cash Payment”). OIEG may also receive additional payments in the future (“Deferred Amounts”) calculated based on the total compensation that is received from Venezuela as a result of collection efforts or as settlement of the Award with Venezuela. In the event that the Award is partially or completely annulled by the ICSID ad hoc annulment committee, OIEG may be required to repay to the purchaser up to the entire amount of the Cash Payment based on a formula tied to the amount of the Award (if any) that is annulled. In addition, OIEG’s right to receive any Deferred Amounts is subject to the limitations described below. OIEG’s interest in any amounts received in the future from Venezuela in respect of the Award is limited to a percentage of such recovery after taking into account reimbursement of the Cash Payment to the purchaser and reimbursement of legal fees and expenses incurred by the Company and the purchaser. OIEG’s percentage of such recovery will also be reduced over time. Because the Award has yet to be satisfied, the annulment proceeding is pending, and the ability to successfully enforce the Award in countries that are party to the ICSID Convention is subject to significant challenges, the Company is unable to reasonably predict the amount of recoveries from the Award, if any, to which the Company may be entitled in the future. Any future amounts that the Company may receive from the Award are highly speculative and the timing of any such future payments, if any, is highly uncertain. As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will receive any future payments under the Award beyond the Cash Payment. Except as noted above in connection with the annulment proceeding that is pending before the ICSID ad hoc committee, the Cash Payment is not subject to any forfeiture or future adjustment. A separate arbitration involving other subsidiaries of the Company was initiated in 2012 to obtain compensation primarily for third-party minority shareholders’ lost interests in the two expropriated plants. However, in November 2017, ICSID issued an award that dismissed this arbitration on jurisdiction grounds. The Company is currently exploring potential next steps. As of December 31, 2017, the Company deferred the gain contingency on the sale of its rights in amounts due under the Award pending the ad hoc committee of the ICSID rendering its decision regarding Venezuela’s application to annul the Award. The loss from discontinued operations of $3 million and $7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, relates to ongoing costs for the Venezuelan expropriation. |
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUA
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (CONSOLIDATED) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (CONSOLIDATED) | |
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (CONSOLIDATED) | OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC. SCHEDULE II – VALUATIO Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 (Millions of Dollars) Reserves deducted from assets in the balance sheets: Allowances for losses and discounts on receivables Additions Balance at Charged to Balance beginning costs and Deductions at end of of period expenses Other (Note 1) period 2017 $ 32 $ 12 $ (2) $ (8) $ 34 2016 $ 29 $ 15 $ (2) $ (10) $ 32 2015 $ 34 $ 12 $ (5) $ (12) $ 29 (1) Deductions from allowances for losses and discounts on receivables represent uncollectible notes and accounts written off. Valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets Balance at Charged to other Balance at beginning of Charged to comprehensive Foreign currency Other end of period income income translation (Note 1) period 2017 $ 1,094 $ 15 $ (79) $ 4 $ (491) $ 543 2016 $ 1,135 $ 3 $ (32) $ (3) $ (9) $ 1,094 2015 $ 1,223 $ 1 $ 5 $ (20) $ (74) $ 1,135 (1) The Tax Cut and Jobs Act ("the Act") was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. The reduction in tax rates reduced certain U.S. deferred tax assets by $162 million, with an offsetting impact to valuation allowance. In 2017, $327 million of foreign tax credits expired, against which a valuation allowance had previously been asserted. |
Significant Accounting Polici30
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Significant Accounting Policies | |
Basis of Consolidated Statements | Basis of Consolidated Statements The consolidated financial statements of Owens-Illinois, Inc. (the “Company”) include the accounts of its subsidiaries. Newly acquired subsidiaries have been included in the consolidated financial statements from dates of acquisition. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in which it has a significant ownership interest, generally 20% to 50%. Other investments are accounted for at cost. The Company monitors other than temporary declines in fair value and records reductions in carrying values when appropriate. |
Nature of Operations | Nature of Operations The Company is a leading manufacturer of glass container products. The Company’s principal product lines are glass containers for the food and beverage industries. The Company has glass container operations located in 23 countries. The principal markets and operations for the Company’s products are in Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia Pacific. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates, at which time the Company would revise its estimates accordingly. |
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation The assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Any related translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in share owners’ equity. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes sales, net of estimated discounts and allowances, when the title to the products and risk of loss are transferred to customers. Provisions for rebates to customers are provided in the same period that the related sales are recorded. |
Shipping and Handling Costs | Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are included with cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Results of Operations. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation The Company has various stock-based compensation plans consisting of stock option grants and restricted share awards. Costs resulting from all share-based compensation plans are required to be recognized in the financial statements. A public entity is required to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost is recognized over the required service period (usually the vesting period). No compensation cost is recognized for equity instruments for which employees do not render the required service. |
Cash | Cash The Company defines “cash” as cash and time deposits with maturities of three months or less when purchased. Outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit are included in accounts payable. |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Accounts Receivable Receivables are stated at amounts estimated by management to be the net realizable value. The Company charges off accounts receivable when it becomes apparent based upon age or customer circumstances that amounts will not be collected. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is established through charges to the provision for bad debts. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on a periodic basis. The evaluation includes historical trends in collections and write-offs, management’s judgment of the probability of collecting accounts and management’s evaluation of business risk. |
Inventory Valuation | Inventory Valuation Inventories are valued at the lower of average costs or market. |
Goodwill | Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is evaluated annually, as of October 1, for impairment or more frequently if an impairment indicator exists. |
Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets | Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets Intangible assets are amortized over the expected useful life of the asset. Amortization expense directly attributed to the manufacturing of the Company’s products is included in cost of goods sold. Amortization expense related to non-manufacturing activities is included in selling and administrative and other. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and other long-lived assets based on undiscounted projected cash flows, excluding interest and taxes, when factors indicate that impairment may exist. If impairment exists, the asset is written down to fair value. |
Property, Plant and Equipment | Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) is carried at cost and includes expenditures for new facilities and equipment and those costs which substantially increase the useful lives or capacity of existing PP&E. In general, depreciation is computed using the straight-line method and recorded over the estimated useful life of the asset. Factory machinery and equipment is depreciated over periods ranging from 5 to 25 years with the majority of such assets (principally glass-melting furnaces and forming machines) depreciated over 7 to 15 years. Buildings and building equipment are depreciated over periods ranging from 10 to 50 years. Depreciation expense directly attributed to the manufacturing of the Company’s products is included in cost of goods sold. Depreciation expense related to non-manufacturing activities is included in selling and administrative. Depreciation expense includes the amortization of assets recorded under capital leases. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Costs assigned to PP&E of acquired businesses are based on estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company evaluates the recoverability of PP&E based on undiscounted projected cash flows, excluding interest and taxes, when factors indicate that impairment may exist. If impairment exists, the asset is written down to fair value. |
Derivative Instruments | Derivative Instruments The Company uses currency swaps, interest rate swaps, forward exchange contracts, options and commodity forward contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate, interest rate and commodity market volatility. Derivative financial instruments are included on the balance sheet at fair value. When appropriate, derivative instruments are designated as and are effective as hedges, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. If the underlying hedged transaction ceases to exist, all changes in fair value of the related derivatives that have not been settled are recognized in current earnings. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes and is not a party to leveraged derivatives. Cash flows from forward exchange contracts not designated as hedges are classified as an investing activity and cash flows from commodity forward contracts are classified as operating activities. Cash flows of currency swaps and interest rate swap contracts are classified within the cash flow statement based on the nature of the underlying cash flows. |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Generally accepted accounting principles defines a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop assumptions. The carrying amounts reported for cash and short-term loans approximate fair value. In addition, carrying amounts approximate fair value for certain long-term debt obligations subject to frequently redetermined interest rates. Fair values for the Company’s significant fixed rate debt obligations are generally based on published market quotations. The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities consist of natural gas forwards and foreign exchange option and forward contracts. The Company uses an income approach to valuing these contracts. Natural gas forward rates and foreign exchange rates are the significant inputs into the valuation models. These inputs are observable in active markets over the terms of the instruments the Company holds, and accordingly, the Company classifies its derivative assets and liabilities as Level 2 in the hierarchy. The Company also evaluates counterparty risk in determining fair values. |
Reclassifications | Reclassifications Certain reclassifications of prior years’ data have been made to conform to the current year presentation. |
New Accounting Standards | New Accounting Standards Revenue from Contracts with Customers - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which delayed by one year the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard, and therefore will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company is nearing the completion of its implementation process, which included a review of customer contracts, to evaluate the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. At this time, the Company does not expect that the implementation of this standard in 2018 will have a significant impact on the timing in which it recognizes revenue. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on consolidated net income or the consolidated balance sheet. The standard requires new substantial disclosures and the Company continues to evaluate these requirements. The Company plans to select the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption effective January 1, 2018. Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases”. Under this guidance, lessees will be required to recognize on the balance sheet a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The lease liability represents the lessee's obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, and will be measured as the present value of the lease payments. The right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use a specified asset for the lease term, and will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. ASU No. 2016-02 is required to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. The Company anticipates the new guidance will significantly impact its consolidated financial statements as the Company has a significant number of leases. As further described in Note 16, Operating Leases, as of December 31, 2017, the Company had minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable operating leases totaling $258 million. The Company has begun the implementation of new software to manage its leases in accordance with this new accounting standard. Stock Compensation - In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which requires all excess tax benefits or deficiencies to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. In addition, excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows. Application of the standard is required for the annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Credit Losses - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This guidance requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance also requires enhanced disclosures regarding significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. Goodwill - In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, “Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment” which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, but not exceeding the carrying amount of goodwill. Application of the standard will be applied prospectively and is effective for calendar year-end filers in 2020, with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company elected to early adopt this standard in the fourth quarter of 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Compensation - Retirement Benefits - In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” which requires the service cost component to be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating income within the income statement while the other components will be reported separately outside of operations. Application of the standard is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, except for the reclassification in the Consolidated Results of Operations of prior period pension settlement charges from the Cost of goods sold and Selling and administrative expense accounts into the Other expenses, net account. Derivatives and Hedging - In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” which improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. Application of the standard is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
Segment Information (Tables)
Segment Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Segment Information | |
Net sales for the Company's reportable segments | 2017 2016 2015 Net sales: Europe $ 2,375 $ 2,300 $ 2,324 North America 2,160 2,220 2,039 Latin America 1,551 1,432 1,064 Asia Pacific 714 684 671 Reportable segment totals 6,800 6,636 6,098 Other 69 66 58 Net sales $ 6,869 $ 6,702 $ 6,156 |
Segment operating profit (loss) for the Company's reportable segments | 2017 2016 2015 Segment operating profit: Europe $ 263 $ 237 $ 209 North America 318 299 265 Latin America 296 269 183 Asia Pacific 65 77 83 Reportable segment totals 942 882 740 Items excluded from segment operating profit: Retained corporate costs and other (104) (98) (70) Pension settlement charges (218) (98) Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges (77) (129) (80) Charge for asbestos-related costs (16) Gain on China land sale 71 Strategic transaction costs (23) Acquisition-related fair value inventory adjustments (22) Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments (10) Interest expense, net (268) (272) (251) Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes $ 275 $ 356 $ 268 |
Total assets for the Company's reportable segments | Reportable Retained Consoli- North Latin Asia Segment Corp Costs dated Europe America America Pacific Totals and Other Totals Total assets: 2017 $ 3,133 $ 2,794 $ 2,617 $ 1,001 $ 9,545 $ 211 $ 9,756 2016 2,792 2,522 2,537 926 8,777 358 9,135 2015 2,902 2,500 2,807 917 9,126 295 9,421 Equity investments: 2017 $ 95 $ 259 $ — $ 114 $ 468 $ 57 $ 525 2016 78 21 117 216 217 433 2015 78 22 145 245 164 409 Equity earnings: 2017 $ 18 $ 41 $ — $ — $ 59 $ 18 $ 77 2016 15 12 4 31 29 60 2015 16 19 7 42 18 60 Capital expenditures: 2017 $ 152 $ 106 $ 127 $ 55 $ 440 $ 1 $ 441 2016 163 108 123 59 453 1 454 2015 164 97 89 50 400 2 402 Depreciation and amortization expense: 2017 $ 125 $ 134 $ 176 $ 43 $ 478 $ 10 $ 488 2016 118 139 173 37 467 11 478 2015 120 128 107 40 395 14 409 |
Schedule of segment information by geographic segment | The Company’s net property, plant and equipment by geographic segment are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. Total 2017 $ 757 $ 2,374 $ 3,131 2016 749 2,131 2,880 2015 736 2,225 2,961 The Company’s net sales by geographic segment are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. Total 2017 $ 2,072 $ 4,797 $ 6,869 2016 2,124 4,578 6,702 2015 1,939 4,217 6,156 |
Inventories (Tables)
Inventories (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Inventories | |
Major classes of inventory | 2017 2016 Finished goods $ 873 $ 827 Raw materials 122 118 Operating supplies 41 38 $ 1,036 $ 983 |
Equity Investments (Tables)
Equity Investments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Equity Investments | |
Company's ownership percentage in affiliates | At December 31, 2017 the Company’s ownership percentage in affiliates include: O-I Ownership Affiliates Percentage Business Type BJC O-I Glass Pte. Ltd. % Glass container manufacturer CO Vidrieria SARL ("COV") % Glass container manufacturer Rocky Mountain Bottle Company % Glass container manufacturer Tata Chemical (Soda Ash) Partners % Soda ash supplier Vetrerie Meridionali SpA ("VeMe") % Glass container manufacturer Vetri Speciali SpA % Specialty glass manufacturer |
Equity in earnings | 2017 2016 2015 Equity in earnings: Non-U.S. $ 45 $ 19 $ 23 U.S. 32 41 37 Total $ 77 $ 60 $ 60 Dividends received $ 48 $ 38 $ 53 |
Summary of balance sheet information of equity investments | 2017 2016 At end of year: Current assets $ 466 $ 425 Non-current assets 1,021 779 Total assets 1,487 1,204 Current liabilities 232 190 Other liabilities and deferred items 198 145 Total liabilities and deferred items 430 335 Net assets $ 1,057 $ 869 |
Summary of income statement information of equity investments | For the year: 2017 2016 2015 Net sales $ 883 $ 755 $ 719 Gross profit $ 242 $ 182 $ 193 Net earnings $ 165 $ 145 $ 139 |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | |
Schedule of changes in carrying amount of goodwill | North Latin Europe America America Other Total Balance as of January 1, 2015 $ 926 $ 723 $ 239 $ 5 $ 1,893 Acquisition related adjustments 316 480 796 Translation effects (86) (19) (95) (200) Balance as of December 31, 2015 840 1,020 624 5 2,489 Acquisition related adjustments 15 26 41 Translation effects (32) 3 (39) (68) Balance as of December 31, 2016 808 1,038 611 5 2,462 Translation effects 105 8 15 128 Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 913 $ 1,046 $ 626 $ 5 $ 2,590 |
Other Assets (Tables)
Other Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Other Assets | |
Schedule of other assets (noncurrent) | 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets $ 194 $ 185 Deferred returnable packaging costs 119 115 Repair part inventories 106 107 Capitalized software 82 85 Value added taxes 24 22 Other 77 88 $ 602 $ 602 |
Derivative Instruments (Tables)
Derivative Instruments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Derivative Instruments | |
Effect of commodity forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges on the results of operations | Amount of gain (loss) Reclassified from Amount of gain (loss) Recognized in OCI on Accumulated OCI into Income Commodity Forward Contracts (reported in cost of goods sold) (Effective Portion) (Effective Portion) 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 $ 6 $ 7 $ (4) $ — $ — $ (1) |
Effect of the foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments on the results of operations | Amount of Gain (Loss) Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Recognized in Income on Foreign Exchange Contracts Foreign Exchange Contracts 2017 2016 2015 Other expense, net $ 10 $ 6 $ 10 |
Schedule of selected information relating to fair value swaps | Amount Hedged Receive Rate Average Spread Senior Notes due 2024 € 725 3.125 % 2.6 % |
Balance Sheet Classification of derivative instruments | Fair Value Balance Sheet Location 2017 2016 Asset Derivatives: Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity futures contracts b $ 3 $ 6 Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges a 6 Hedges of multiple risks designated as cash flow hedges a 4 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange derivative contracts a $ 4 $ 9 Total asset derivatives $ 17 $ 15 Liability Derivatives: Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity futures contracts c $ — $ — Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges d 13 Hedges of multiple risks designated as cash flow hedges d 10 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange derivative contracts d 1 5 Total liability derivatives $ 24 $ 5 |
Restructuring Accruals, Asset37
Restructuring Accruals, Asset Impairments and Other Costs Related to Closed Facilities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Restructuring Accruals, Asset Impairments and Other Costs Related to Closed Facilities | |
Selected information related to the restructuring accruals | The following table presents information related to restructuring, asset impairment and other costs related to closed facilities from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017: Total Restructuring Balance at January 1, 2016 $ 43 Charges 98 Write-down of assets to net realizable value (28) Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits (24) Other, including foreign exchange translation (4) Balance at December 31, 2016 85 Charges 72 Write-down of assets to net realizable value (11) Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits (62) Other, including foreign exchange translation 1 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 85 |
Pension Benefit Plans and Oth38
Pension Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Pension Benefit Plans | |
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | |
Changes in the benefit obligations | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Obligations at beginning of year $ 1,956 $ 2,190 $ 1,235 $ 1,210 Change in benefit obligations: Service cost 14 15 15 16 Interest cost 78 90 40 44 Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of change in discount rates 123 36 (15) 160 Curtailment, settlement, and plan amendment (393) (200) (171) Participant contributions 1 2 Benefit payments (128) (175) (60) (71) Other 3 Foreign currency translation 103 (129) Net change in benefit obligations (306) (234) (87) 25 Obligations at end of year $ 1,650 $ 1,956 $ 1,148 $ 1,235 |
Changes in the fair value of the pension plans' assets | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Fair value at beginning of year $ 1,654 $ 1,909 $ 1,011 $ 1,012 Change in fair value: Actual gain (loss) on plan assets 254 118 87 139 Benefit payments (128) (175) (60) (71) Employer contributions 7 2 24 38 Participant contributions 1 2 Settlements (393) (200) (171) Foreign currency translation 83 (111) Other 2 Net change in fair value of assets (260) (255) (36) (1) Fair value at end of year $ 1,394 $ 1,654 $ 975 $ 1,011 |
Funded status | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Plan assets at fair value $ 1,394 $ 1,654 $ 975 $ 1,011 Projected benefit obligations 1,650 1,956 1,148 1,235 Plan assets less than projected benefit obligations (256) (302) (173) (224) Items not yet recognized in pension expense: Actuarial loss 811 1,046 284 352 Prior service cost (credit) 1 1 (2) (1) 812 1,047 282 351 Net amount recognized $ 556 $ 745 $ 109 $ 127 |
Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Pension assets $ — $ — $ 49 $ 40 Current pension liability, included with other accrued liabilities (2) (7) (5) (7) Pension benefits (254) (295) (217) (257) Accumulated other comprehensive loss 812 1,047 282 351 Net amount recognized $ 556 $ 745 $ 109 $ 127 |
Changes in plan assets and/or benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Current year actuarial (gain) loss $ (2) $ 66 $ (40) $ 87 Amortization of actuarial loss (57) (67) (16) (12) Settlement (176) (98) (42) (235) (99) (98) 75 Translation 30 (43) Change in accumulated other comprehensive income $ (235) $ (99) $ (68) $ 32 |
Components of net periodic pension cost (income) and net periodic postretirement (benefit) cost | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Service cost $ 14 $ 15 $ 24 $ 15 $ 16 $ 15 Interest cost 78 90 96 40 44 44 Expected asset return (128) (149) (170) (63) (65) (67) Amortization: Actuarial loss 57 67 74 16 13 15 Net expense $ 21 $ 23 $ 24 $ 8 $ 8 $ 7 |
Amounts amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income during 2015 | U.S. Non-U.S. Actuarial loss $ 52 $ 13 |
Information for plans with projected and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets | Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds the Fair Value of Plan Assets the Fair Value of Plan Assets U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 Projected benefit obligations $ 1,650 $ 1,956 $ 905 $ 897 $ 1,650 $ 1,956 $ 261 $ 897 Accumulated benefit obligation 1,650 1,956 878 867 1,650 1,956 241 867 Fair value of plan assets 1,394 1,654 682 632 1,394 1,654 39 632 |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs for pension plans, and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net postretirement benefit cost for postretirement plans | The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Discount rate 3.69 % 4.17 % 2.76 % 2.94 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 2.78 % 2.90 % The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs are as follows: U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Discount rate 4.17 % 4.43 % 4.05 % 2.94 % 3.68 % 3.65 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 2.96 % 2.90 % 2.84 % 2.89 % Expected long-term rate of return on assets 7.50 % 7.50 % 8.00 % 6.32 % 7.15 % 7.21 % |
Fair value of defined benefit pension plan assets and target allocations | 2017 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 9 $ — $ — $ 9 $ 24 $ — $ — $ 24 Equity securities — — Debt securities 33 33 37 2 39 Real estate — 4 4 Other 27 27 37 6 43 Total $ 42 $ 27 $ — $ 61 $ 39 $ 10 Investments measured at net asset value $ 906 $ 901 Total non-U.S. assets at fair value $ 975 $ 1,011 |
Reconciliation of pension plan assets recorded at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) | 2017 2016 Beginning balance $ 10 $ 11 Net increase (decrease) (10) (1) Ending balance $ — $ 10 |
Estimated future benefit payments, reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, expected to be paid | Year(s) U.S. Non-U.S. 2018 $ 111 $ 51 2019 112 47 2020 112 51 2021 109 53 2022 109 55 2023-2027 517 289 |
Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions | |
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | |
Changes in the benefit obligations | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Obligations at beginning of year $ 92 $ 97 $ 81 $ 68 Change in benefit obligations: Service cost 1 1 Interest cost 4 4 3 3 Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of changing discount rates (1) 1 9 Benefit payments (7) (9) (2) (2) Foreign currency translation 5 2 Other 1 Net change in benefit obligations (3) (5) 8 13 Obligations at end of year $ 89 $ 92 $ 89 $ 81 |
Funded status | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Postretirement benefit obligations $ (89) $ (92) $ (89) $ (81) Items not yet recognized in net postretirement benefit cost: Actuarial gain (loss) (19) (21) (7) (6) Prior service credit 22 30 3 9 (7) (6) Net amount recognized $ (86) $ (83) $ (96) $ (87) |
Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Current nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities $ (8) $ (8) $ (3) $ (3) Nonpension postretirement benefits (81) (84) (86) (78) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 3 9 (7) (6) Net amount recognized $ (86) $ (83) $ (96) $ (87) |
Changes in plan assets and/or benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Current year actuarial (gain) loss $ — $ (1) $ 1 $ 9 Amortization of actuarial loss (2) (2) Amortization of prior service credit 8 8 $ 6 $ 5 $ 1 $ 9 |
Components of net periodic pension cost (income) and net periodic postretirement (benefit) cost | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Service cost $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 Interest cost 4 4 4 3 3 3 Amortization: Actuarial loss 2 2 2 Prior service credit (8) (8) (8) Net amortization (6) (6) (6) — — — Net postretirement benefit (income) cost $ (2) $ (2) $ (2) $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 |
Amounts amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income during 2015 | U.S. Non-U.S. Amortization: Actuarial loss $ 1 $ — Prior service credit (8) Net amortization $ (7) $ — |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs for pension plans, and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net postretirement benefit cost for postretirement plans | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation 3.61 % 4.11 % 4.35 % 3.35 % 3.55 % 3.80 % Net postretirement benefit cost 4.11 % 4.35 % 3.99 % 3.55 % 3.80 % 3.75 % |
Estimated future benefit payments, reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, expected to be paid | Year(s) U.S. Non-U.S. 2018 $ 8 $ 3 2019 7 3 2020 7 3 2021 7 4 2022 6 4 2023 - 2027 28 20 |
Weighted average assumed health care cost trend rates | U.S. Non-U.S. 2017 2016 2017 2016 Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.20 % 6.40 % 5.00 % 5.00 % Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (ultimate trend rate) 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2024 2024 N/A N/A |
Effects of one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on amount reported for the postretirement benefit plans | U.S. Non-U.S. 1-Percentage-Point 1-Percentage-Point Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Effect on total of service and interest cost $ — $ — $ — $ 1 Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (4) 4 (6) 8 |
Income Taxes (Tables)
Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Income Taxes | |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes calculated based on components of earnings (loss) before income taxes | Continuing operations 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ (43) $ (27) $ — Non-U.S. 318 383 268 $ 275 $ 356 $ 268 Discontinued operations 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ — $ — $ — Non-U.S. (3) (7) (4) $ (3) $ (7) $ (4) |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 2017 2016 2015 Current: U.S. $ (5) $ — $ 9 Non-U.S. 87 123 85 82 123 94 Deferred: U.S. 6 3 10 Non-U.S. (18) (7) 2 (12) (4) 12 Total: U.S. 1 3 19 Non-U.S. 69 116 87 Total for continuing operations 70 119 106 Total for discontinued operations — — — $ 70 $ 119 $ 106 |
Reconciliation of the provision for income taxes | 2017 2016 2015 Tax provision on pretax earnings from continuing operations at statutory U.S. Federal tax rate $ 96 $ 124 $ 94 Increase (decrease) in provision for income taxes due to: Non-U.S. tax rates (29) (22) (12) U.S. Tax Cut and Jobs Act: transition tax, net of foreign tax credits 2 Tax law changes 152 (3) (3) Change in valuation allowance: U.S. tax law change (162) Change in valuation allowance: other (283) 3 1 Tax attribute expiration 330 Withholding tax, net 8 7 10 Non-deductible acquisition costs 6 Non-deductible expenses 9 20 7 U.S. tax on intercompany dividends and interest 2 3 16 Tax exempt income (3) (2) (3) Intraperiod tax allocation (8) Tax credit (37) (19) (14) Changes in tax reserves (18) 8 5 Mexico inflationary adjustments 13 6 3 Equity earnings (13) (9) (7) Intercompany financing (4) (5) 1 Other taxes based on income 10 11 3 Other items (3) 5 (1) Provision for income taxes $ 70 $ 119 $ 106 |
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities and deferred taxes included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets: Accrued postretirement benefits $ 44 $ 53 Asbestos-related liabilities 122 242 Foreign tax credit carryovers 124 413 Operating and capital loss carryovers 342 389 Other credit carryovers 17 34 Accrued liabilities 69 95 Pension liabilities 77 138 Other 43 74 Total deferred tax assets 838 1,438 Deferred tax liabilities: Property, plant and equipment 101 131 Intangibles and deferred software 97 119 Other 2 9 Total deferred tax liabilities 200 259 Valuation allowance (543) (1,094) Net deferred taxes $ 95 $ 85 Deferred taxes are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows: 2017 2016 Other assets $ 194 $ 185 Deferred taxes (99) (100) Net deferred taxes $ 95 $ 85 |
Reconciliation of the gross unrecognized tax benefits | 2017 2016 2015 Balance at January 1 $ 74 $ 74 $ 77 Additions and reductions for tax positions of prior years 1 1 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 17 15 10 Reductions due to the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations (7) (3) (5) Reductions due to settlements (9) (12) (1) Foreign currency translation 3 (8) Balance at December 31 $ 79 $ 74 $ 74 Unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective income tax rate $ 72 $ 66 $ 67 Accrued interest and penalties at December 31 $ 8 $ 23 $ 25 Interest and penalties included in tax expense for the years ended December 31 $ (14) $ (2) $ (1) |
Debt (Tables)
Debt (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Debt | |
Long-term Debt | 2017 2016 Secured Credit Agreement: Revolving Credit Facility: Revolving Loans $ — $ — Term Loans: Term Loan A 1,148 1,395 Term Loan A (€279 million at December 31, 2016) 282 Senior Notes: 6.75%, due 2020 (€500 million) 594 523 4.875%, due 2021 (€330 million) 392 345 5.00%, due 2022 496 495 4.00%, due 2023 305 5.875%, due 2023 685 682 3.125%, due 2024 (€725 million at December 31, 2017 and €500 million at December 31, 2016) 849 520 5.375%, due 2025 297 297 6.375%, due 2025 295 294 Senior Debentures: 7.80%, due 2018 250 Capital leases 54 57 Other 17 26 Total long-term debt 5,132 5,166 Less amounts due within one year 11 33 Long-term debt $ 5,121 $ 5,133 |
Information related to accounts receivable securitization program | 2017 2016 Balance (included in short-term loans) $ 133 $ 152 Weighted average interest rate 0.76 % 0.74 % |
Fair values of the Company's significant fixed rate debt obligations | Principal Amount Indicated Market Price Fair Value Senior Notes: 6.75%, due 2020 (€500 million) $ 597 $ 116.99 $ 699 4.875%, due 2021 (€330 million) 394 113.43 447 5.00%, due 2022 500 104.24 521 5.875%, due 2023 700 108.15 757 4.00%, due 2023 310 100.21 311 3.125%, due 2024 (€725 million) 866 105.34 912 6.375%, due 2025 300 112.62 338 5.375%, due 2025 300 105.31 316 |
Contingencies (Tables)
Contingencies (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Contingencies | |
Asbestos filings and the claims pending at the end of each listed year | 2017 2016 2015 Pending at beginning of year 1,400 2,080 2,260 Disposed 1,320 1,750 1,460 Filed 1,250 1,070 1,280 Pending at end of year 1,330 1,400 2,080 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensi42
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |
Component of accumulated other comprehensive loss | Total Accumulated Net Effect of Change in Certain Other Exchange Rate Derivative Employee Comprehensive Fluctuations Instruments Benefit Plans Income (Loss) Balance on January 1, 2016 $ (568) $ (17) $ (1,432) $ (2,017) Change before reclassifications (220) 7 (2) (215) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 6 (a) 72 (b) 78 Translation effect (25) (25) Tax effect 15 15 Intraperiod tax allocation (8) (8) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company (220) 13 52 (155) Balance on December 31, 2016 (788) (4) (1,380) (2,172) Change before reclassifications 65 (3) (8) 54 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (6) (a) 285 (b) 279 Translation effect 32 32 Tax effect 1 (20) (19) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company 65 (8) 289 346 Balance on December 31, 2017 $ (723) $ (12) $ (1,091) $ (1,826) (a) Amount is included in Cost of goods sold on the Consolidated Results of Operations (see Note 7 for additional information). Amount is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost and net postretirement benefit cost (see Note 9 for additional information). |
Stock Based Compensation (Table
Stock Based Compensation (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Stock Based Compensation | |
Restricted shares and restricted share units activity | Weighted Number of Average Restricted Grant-Date Shares Fair Value (thousands) (per share) Nonvested at January 1, 2017 836 $ 19.44 Granted 601 20.01 Vested (255) 21.30 Forfeited (74) 18.31 Nonvested at December 31, 2017 1,108 19.39 Awards granted during 2016 $ 15.70 Awards granted during 2015 $ 22.69 2017 2016 2015 Total fair value of shares vested $ 5 $ 6 $ 4 |
Performance vested restricted share unit activity | Number of Performance Weighted Average Vested Restricted Shares Grant-Date Fair Value Units (thousands) (per unit) Nonvested at January 1, 2017 1,355 $ 20.76 Granted 528 19.57 Vested (66) 33.39 Forfeited/Cancelled (223) 29.23 Nonvested at December 31, 2017 1,594 18.66 Awards granted during 2016 $ 15.10 Awards granted during 2015 $ 23.63 |
Other Expense, net (Tables)
Other Expense, net (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Other Expense, net | |
Schedule of other expense (income), net | 2017 2016 2015 Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges $ 77 $ 104 $ 75 Intangible amortization expense 41 39 21 Impairment of equity investment 25 Charge for asbestos related costs 16 Gain on China land compensation (71) Royalty income (11) (13) (12) Strategic transaction costs 23 Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments 10 Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) 5 6 (10) Other expense (income) (7) (14) (12) $ 105 $ 76 $ 111 |
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
Earnings Per Share (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Earnings Per Share | |
Computation of basic and diluted earnings per share | 2017 2016 2015 Numerator: Net earnings attributable to the Company $ 180 $ 209 $ 135 Denominator (in thousands): Denominator for basic earnings per share-weighted average shares outstanding 162,737 161,857 161,169 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and other 1,910 968 966 Denominator for diluted earnings per share-adjusted weighted average shares outstanding 164,647 162,825 162,135 Basic earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.12 $ 1.33 $ 0.86 Loss from discontinued operations (0.01) (0.04) (0.03) Net earnings $ 1.11 $ 1.29 $ 0.83 Diluted earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.11 $ 1.32 $ 0.85 Loss from discontinued operations (0.01) (0.04) (0.03) Net earnings $ 1.10 $ 1.28 $ 0.82 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Inform46
Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | |
Supplemental cash flow information | 2017 2016 2015 Decrease (increase) in current assets: Receivables $ (37) $ (32) $ (14) Inventories 2 16 (13) Prepaid expenses and other (10) 145 (4) Increase (decrease) in current liabilities: Accounts payable 69 (58) 100 Accrued liabilities (49) (31) 21 Salaries and wages (21) 32 12 U.S. and foreign income taxes (43) 18 (14) $ (89) $ 90 $ 88 |
Income taxes paid (received) in cash | 2017 2016 2015 U.S. $ 4 $ — $ — Non-U.S. 127 99 101 Total income taxes paid in cash $ 131 $ 99 $ 101 |
Business Combinations and Pro47
Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information | |
Schedule of pro-forma information | Year Ending December 31, 2015 As Acquisition Financing Pro Forma Reported Adjustments Adjustments As Adjusted Net sales $ 6,156 $ 574 $ — $ 6,730 Earnings from continuing operations attributable to the Company $ 139 $ 79 $ (46) $ 172 Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations $ 0.85 $ 1.06 |
Significant Accounting Polici48
Significant Accounting Policies - Equity Method Investments and Stock-Based Compensation (Details) | Dec. 31, 2017item |
Equity Method Investments | |
Number of countries in which the entity operates | 23 |
Maximum | |
Equity Method Investments | |
General ownership percentage for equity method investments | 50.00% |
Minimum | |
Equity Method Investments | |
General ownership percentage for equity method investments | 20.00% |
Significant Accounting Polici49
Significant Accounting Policies - PPE (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | |
New Accounting Pronouncement | |
Minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable operating leases | $ 258 |
Factory machinery and equipment | Minimum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Estimated useful lives | 5 years |
Factory machinery and equipment | Maximum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Estimated useful lives | 25 years |
Glass-melting furnaces and forming machines | Minimum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Estimated useful lives | 7 years |
Glass-melting furnaces and forming machines | Maximum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Estimated useful lives | 15 years |
Buildings and building equipment | Minimum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Estimated useful lives | 10 years |
Buildings and building equipment | Maximum | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | |
Estimated useful lives | 50 years |
Segment Information - Reportabl
Segment Information - Reportable Segments (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)segmentregion | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2015USD ($) | |
Segment Reporting Information | |||
Number of reportable segments | segment | 4 | ||
Regions not directly related to operations | region | 1 | ||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | $ 6,869 | $ 6,702 | $ 6,156 |
Items excluded from Segment Operating Profit: | |||
Retained corporate costs and other | (104) | (98) | (70) |
Pension settlement charges | (218) | (98) | |
Restructuring, asset impairment and other | (77) | (129) | (80) |
Charge for asbestos-related costs | (16) | ||
Gain on China land sale | 71 | ||
Strategic transaction costs | (23) | ||
Acquisition-related fair value inventory adjustments | (22) | ||
Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments | (10) | ||
Interest expense, net | |||
Interest expense, net | (268) | (272) | (251) |
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | |||
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | 275 | 356 | 268 |
Reportable Segment Totals | |||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | 6,800 | 6,636 | 6,098 |
Segment operating profit: | |||
Segment operating profit | 942 | 882 | 740 |
Europe | |||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | 2,375 | 2,300 | 2,324 |
Segment operating profit: | |||
Segment operating profit | 263 | 237 | 209 |
North America | |||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | 2,160 | 2,220 | 2,039 |
Segment operating profit: | |||
Segment operating profit | 318 | 299 | 265 |
Latin America | |||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | 1,551 | 1,432 | 1,064 |
Segment operating profit: | |||
Segment operating profit | 296 | 269 | 183 |
Latin America | Intercompany sales | |||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | 150 | 179 | 101 |
Asia Pacific | |||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | 714 | 684 | 671 |
Segment operating profit: | |||
Segment operating profit | 65 | 77 | 83 |
Other | |||
Net sales: | |||
Net sales | $ 69 | $ 66 | $ 58 |
Segment Information - Assets, I
Segment Information - Assets, Investments, Equity, Capital Expenses and Depreciation and Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Assets | |||
Total assets: | $ 9,756 | $ 9,135 | $ 9,421 |
Equity investments | |||
Equity investments: | 525 | 433 | 409 |
Equity earnings: | |||
Equity earnings | 77 | 60 | 60 |
Capital expenditures: | |||
Capital expenditures: | 441 | 454 | 402 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense: | 488 | 478 | 409 |
Reportable Segment Totals | |||
Assets | |||
Total assets: | 9,545 | 8,777 | 9,126 |
Equity investments | |||
Equity investments: | 468 | 216 | 245 |
Equity earnings: | |||
Equity earnings | 59 | 31 | 42 |
Capital expenditures: | |||
Capital expenditures: | 440 | 453 | 400 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense: | 478 | 467 | 395 |
Europe | |||
Assets | |||
Total assets: | 3,133 | 2,792 | 2,902 |
Equity investments | |||
Equity investments: | 95 | 78 | 78 |
Equity earnings: | |||
Equity earnings | 18 | 15 | 16 |
Capital expenditures: | |||
Capital expenditures: | 152 | 163 | 164 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense: | 125 | 118 | 120 |
North America | |||
Assets | |||
Total assets: | 2,794 | 2,522 | 2,500 |
Equity investments | |||
Equity investments: | 259 | 21 | 22 |
Equity earnings: | |||
Equity earnings | 41 | 12 | 19 |
Capital expenditures: | |||
Capital expenditures: | 106 | 108 | 97 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense: | 134 | 139 | 128 |
Latin America | |||
Assets | |||
Total assets: | 2,617 | 2,537 | 2,807 |
Capital expenditures: | |||
Capital expenditures: | 127 | 123 | 89 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense: | 176 | 173 | 107 |
Asia Pacific | |||
Assets | |||
Total assets: | 1,001 | 926 | 917 |
Equity investments | |||
Equity investments: | 114 | 117 | 145 |
Equity earnings: | |||
Equity earnings | 4 | 7 | |
Capital expenditures: | |||
Capital expenditures: | 55 | 59 | 50 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense: | 43 | 37 | 40 |
Other | |||
Assets | |||
Total assets: | 211 | 358 | 295 |
Equity investments | |||
Equity investments: | 57 | 217 | 164 |
Equity earnings: | |||
Equity earnings | 18 | 29 | 18 |
Capital expenditures: | |||
Capital expenditures: | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense: | $ 10 | $ 11 | $ 14 |
Segment Information - PPE and G
Segment Information - PPE and Geographical Sales (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Segment Reporting Information | |||
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ 3,131 | $ 2,880 | $ 2,961 |
Net sales | 6,869 | 6,702 | 6,156 |
Latin America | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
Net sales | 1,551 | 1,432 | 1,064 |
Latin America | Intercompany sales | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
Net sales | 150 | 179 | 101 |
U.S. | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 757 | 749 | 736 |
Net sales | 2,072 | 2,124 | 1,939 |
Non-U.S. | |||
Segment Reporting Information | |||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,374 | 2,131 | 2,225 |
Net sales | $ 4,797 | $ 4,578 | $ 4,217 |
Segment Information - Concentra
Segment Information - Concentration by Geography (Details) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2015 | |
France | Minimum | |
Segment Reporting Information | |
Percentage of consolidated net sales from continuing operations (as a percent) | 10.00% |
Inventories (Details)
Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Inventories | ||
Finished goods | $ 873 | $ 827 |
Raw materials | 122 | 118 |
Operating supplies | 41 | 38 |
Inventories | $ 1,036 | $ 983 |
Equity Investments - Ownership
Equity Investments - Ownership Percentage (Details) | Dec. 31, 2017 |
BJC O-I Glass Pte. Ltd | |
Equity Investments Information | |
Percentage of equity method investments | 50.00% |
CO Vidrieria SARL ("COV") | |
Equity Investments Information | |
Percentage of equity method investments | 50.00% |
Rocky Mountain Bottle Company | |
Equity Investments Information | |
Percentage of equity method investments | 50.00% |
Tata Chemical (Soda Ash) Partners | |
Equity Investments Information | |
Percentage of equity method investments | 25.00% |
Vetrerie Meridionali SpA ("VeMe") | |
Equity Investments Information | |
Percentage of equity method investments | 50.00% |
Vetri Speciali SpA | |
Equity Investments Information | |
Percentage of equity method investments | 50.00% |
Equity Investments (Details)
Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Summarized combined financial information for equity associates for the year: | |||
Net sales | $ 883 | $ 755 | $ 719 |
Gross profit | 242 | 182 | 193 |
Net earnings | 165 | 145 | 139 |
Current assets | 466 | 425 | |
Non-current assets | 1,021 | 779 | |
Total assets | 1,487 | 1,204 | |
Current liabilities | 232 | 190 | |
Other liabilities and deferred items | 198 | 145 | |
Total liabilities and deferred items | 430 | 335 | |
Net assets | 1,057 | 869 | |
Equity earnings | 77 | 60 | 60 |
Dividends received | 48 | 38 | 53 |
Difference between investment carrying value and amount of underlying equity in net assets | 10 | ||
Purchased equity from affiliates | 180 | 176 | |
Due to Affiliate | 90 | 76 | |
Non-U.S. | |||
Summarized combined financial information for equity associates for the year: | |||
Equity earnings | 45 | 19 | 23 |
U.S. | |||
Summarized combined financial information for equity associates for the year: | |||
Equity earnings | $ 32 | $ 41 | $ 37 |
Goodwill - Goodwill Rollforward
Goodwill - Goodwill Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill | ||||
Balance of Goodwill at beginning of period | $ 2,462 | $ 2,489 | $ 1,893 | |
Acquisition related adjustments | 41 | 796 | ||
Translation effects | 128 | (68) | (200) | |
Balance of Goodwill at end of the period | $ 2,590 | 2,590 | 2,462 | 2,489 |
Impairment charge | 0 | |||
Europe | ||||
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill | ||||
Balance of Goodwill at beginning of period | 808 | 840 | 926 | |
Translation effects | 105 | (32) | (86) | |
Balance of Goodwill at end of the period | 913 | 913 | 808 | 840 |
North America | ||||
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill | ||||
Balance of Goodwill at beginning of period | 1,038 | 1,020 | 723 | |
Acquisition related adjustments | 15 | 316 | ||
Translation effects | 8 | 3 | (19) | |
Balance of Goodwill at end of the period | 1,046 | 1,046 | 1,038 | 1,020 |
Latin America | ||||
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill | ||||
Balance of Goodwill at beginning of period | 611 | 624 | 239 | |
Acquisition related adjustments | 26 | 480 | ||
Translation effects | 15 | (39) | (95) | |
Balance of Goodwill at end of the period | 626 | 626 | 611 | 624 |
Other | ||||
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill | ||||
Balance of Goodwill at beginning of period | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Balance of Goodwill at end of the period | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Asia Pacific | ||||
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill | ||||
Balance of Goodwill at beginning of period | 0 | 0 | ||
Balance of Goodwill at end of the period | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Accumulated impairment losses | $ 1,135 | $ 1,135 | $ 1,135 | $ 1,135 |
Goodwill - Schedule of Intangib
Goodwill - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets | |||
Net Carrying Amount | $ 439 | $ 464 | |
Customer list intangibles | |||
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets | |||
Useful life | 20 years | ||
Amortization expense | $ 41 | $ 39 | $ 21 |
2,017 | 44 | ||
2,018 | 42 | ||
2,019 | 41 | ||
2,020 | 39 | ||
2,021 | 36 | ||
Impairment of intangible assets | $ 0 |
Other Assets (Details)
Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Other assets (non current): | |||
Deferred tax asset | $ 194 | $ 185 | |
Deferred returnable packaging costs | 119 | 115 | |
Repair parts inventories | 106 | 107 | |
Capitalized software | 82 | 85 | |
Value added taxes | 24 | 22 | |
Other | 77 | 88 | |
Total other assets | 602 | 602 | |
Capitalized software | |||
Other information related to capitalized software | |||
Amortization expense for capitalized software | 12 | $ 13 | $ 19 |
Estimated amortization expense | |||
2,017 | 13 | ||
2,018 | 14 | ||
2,019 | 13 | ||
2,020 | 12 | ||
2,021 | $ 11 |
Derivative Instruments - Deriva
Derivative Instruments - Derivatives and Hedges (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||||||
Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)MMBTU | Dec. 31, 2015USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017EUR (€)MMBTU | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)MMBTU | Sep. 30, 2017EUR (€) | Sep. 30, 2017USD ($) | |
Derivatives and Hedges | |||||||
Foreign exchange contracts gain (loss) recognized in income | $ 10 | $ 6 | $ 10 | ||||
Commodity futures contracts | Cash Flow Hedges | |||||||
Derivatives and Hedges | |||||||
Commodity forward contracts gain (loss) recognized in OCI | 6 | $ 7 | (4) | ||||
Commodity forward contracts gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income | $ (1) | ||||||
Commodity forwards contracts | Cash Flow Hedges | |||||||
Derivatives and Hedges | |||||||
Coverage of commodity forward contracts (in MM BTUs) | MMBTU | 12,300,000 | 8,800,000 | 8,800,000 | ||||
Unrecognized (loss) gain included in Accumulated OCI | $ 6 | $ 3 | |||||
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||||||
Derivatives and Hedges | |||||||
Foreign exchange contracts gain (loss) recognized in income | $ 460 | $ 490 | |||||
Cross-currency interest rate swap | Cash Flow Hedges | |||||||
Derivatives and Hedges | |||||||
Unrecognized (loss) gain included in Accumulated OCI | (1) | ||||||
Notional amount | € 263 | $ 310 | € 81 | $ 90 | |||
Interest Rate Swaps | Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||||||
Derivatives and Hedges | |||||||
Notional amount | € | € 725 |
Derivative Instruments - Balanc
Derivative Instruments - Balance Sheet Classification (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) | Nov. 30, 2016 |
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total asset derivatives | $ 17 | $ 15 | |||
Total liability derivatives | $ 24 | 5 | |||
Senior Notes 3.125%, due 2024 (725 million EUR at December 31,2017 and 500 million EUR at December 31,2016) | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Amount Hedged | € | € 725 | ||||
Receive Rate | 3.125% | 3.125% | 3.125% | 3.125% | |
Average Spread | 2.60% | 2.60% | |||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Foreign exchange contracts | Current receivables | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total asset derivatives | $ 4 | 9 | |||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Foreign exchange contracts | Other liabilities (current) | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total liability derivatives | 1 | 5 | |||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Commodity futures contracts | Noncurrent Receivables. | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total asset derivatives | 3 | $ 6 | |||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Interest Rate Swaps | Current receivables | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total asset derivatives | 6 | ||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Interest Rate Swaps | Other liabilities (current) | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total liability derivatives | 13 | ||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Hedges of multiple risks | Current receivables | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total asset derivatives | 4 | ||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Hedges of multiple risks | Other liabilities (current) | |||||
Derivatives, Fair Value | |||||
Total liability derivatives | $ 10 |
Restructuring Accruals, Asset62
Restructuring Accruals, Asset Impairments and Other Costs Related to Closed Facilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Restructuring accrual | |||
Beginning balance, restructuring reserve | $ 85 | $ 43 | |
Charges | 72 | 98 | $ 63 |
Write-down of assets to net realizable value | (11) | (28) | |
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits | (62) | (24) | (38) |
Other, including foreign exchange translation | 1 | (4) | |
Ending balance, restructuring reserve | 85 | 85 | $ 43 |
Latin America | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Employee costs, asset impairments and other exit costs | 45 | 18 | |
Europe | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Cumulative plant closure costs | 56 | 47 | |
Employee costs, asset impairments and other exit costs | 19 | 48 | |
North America | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Employee costs, asset impairments and other exit costs | 4 | 4 | |
Asia Pacific | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Employee costs, asset impairments and other exit costs | 4 | 4 | |
Other Corporate Restructuring Actions | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Employee costs, asset impairments and other exit costs | $ 24 | ||
Severance and other employee separation costs | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Estimated amount of restructuring accrual balance | 65 | ||
Environmental remediation costs | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Estimated amount of restructuring accrual balance | 19 | ||
Other exit costs | |||
Restructuring, Additional Information | |||
Estimated amount of restructuring accrual balance | $ 1 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Othe
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Changes in the Benefit Obligation (Details)) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Changes in the pension and postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Obligations at beginning of year | $ 1,956 | $ 2,190 | |
Change in benefit obligations: | |||
Service cost | 14 | 15 | $ 24 |
Interest cost | 78 | 90 | 96 |
Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of change in discount rates | 123 | 36 | |
Curtailment, settlement, and plan amendment | (393) | (200) | |
Benefit payments | (128) | (175) | |
Net change in benefit obligations | (306) | (234) | |
Obligations at end of year | 1,650 | 1,956 | 2,190 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Changes in the pension and postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Obligations at beginning of year | 1,235 | 1,210 | |
Change in benefit obligations: | |||
Service cost | 15 | 16 | 15 |
Interest cost | 40 | 44 | 44 |
Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of change in discount rates | (15) | 160 | |
Curtailment, settlement, and plan amendment | (171) | ||
Participant contributions | 1 | 2 | |
Benefit payments | (60) | (71) | |
Other | 3 | ||
Foreign currency translation | 103 | (129) | |
Net change in benefit obligations | (87) | 25 | |
Obligations at end of year | 1,148 | 1,235 | 1,210 |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Changes in the pension and postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Obligations at beginning of year | 92 | 97 | |
Change in benefit obligations: | |||
Interest cost | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of change in discount rates | (1) | ||
Benefit payments | (7) | (9) | |
Other | 1 | ||
Net change in benefit obligations | (3) | (5) | |
Obligations at end of year | 89 | 92 | 97 |
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Changes in the pension and postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Obligations at beginning of year | 81 | 68 | |
Change in benefit obligations: | |||
Service cost | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Interest cost | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Actuarial (gain) loss, including the effect of change in discount rates | 1 | 9 | |
Benefit payments | (2) | (2) | |
Foreign currency translation | 5 | 2 | |
Net change in benefit obligations | 8 | 13 | |
Obligations at end of year | $ 89 | $ 81 | $ 68 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot64
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Changes in Fair Value of Pension Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Changes in fair value of pension plan assets | ||
Fair value at beginning of year | $ 1,654 | $ 1,909 |
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets | 254 | 118 |
Benefit payments | (128) | (175) |
Employer contributions | 7 | 2 |
Settlements | (393) | (200) |
Net change in fair value of assets | (260) | (255) |
Fair value at end of year | 1,394 | 1,654 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Changes in fair value of pension plan assets | ||
Fair value at beginning of year | 1,011 | 1,012 |
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets | 87 | 139 |
Benefit payments | (60) | (71) |
Employer contributions | 24 | 38 |
Participant contributions | 1 | 2 |
Settlements | (171) | |
Foreign currency translation | 83 | (111) |
Other | 2 | |
Net change in fair value of assets | (36) | (1) |
Fair value at end of year | $ 975 | $ 1,011 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot65
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Funded Status (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Pension Benefit Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Percentage of minimum target plan asset allocations | 10.00% | ||
U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 1,394 | $ 1,654 | $ 1,909 |
Projected benefit and postretirement benefit obligations | 1,650 | 1,956 | 2,190 |
Plan assets less than projected benefit obligations | (256) | (302) | |
Items not yet recognized in pension expense and net postretirement benefit cost: | |||
Actuarial loss | 811 | 1,046 | |
Prior service cost (credit) | 1 | 1 | |
Total | 812 | 1,047 | |
Net amount recognized | 556 | 745 | |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 975 | 1,011 | 1,012 |
Projected benefit and postretirement benefit obligations | 1,148 | 1,235 | 1,210 |
Plan assets less than projected benefit obligations | (173) | (224) | |
Items not yet recognized in pension expense and net postretirement benefit cost: | |||
Actuarial loss | 284 | 352 | |
Prior service cost (credit) | (2) | (1) | |
Total | 282 | 351 | |
Net amount recognized | 109 | 127 | |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Projected benefit and postretirement benefit obligations | 89 | 92 | 97 |
Items not yet recognized in pension expense and net postretirement benefit cost: | |||
Actuarial loss | (19) | (21) | |
Prior service cost (credit) | 22 | 30 | |
Total | 3 | 9 | |
Net amount recognized | (86) | (83) | |
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Projected benefit and postretirement benefit obligations | 89 | 81 | $ 68 |
Items not yet recognized in pension expense and net postretirement benefit cost: | |||
Actuarial loss | (7) | (6) | |
Total | (7) | (6) | |
Net amount recognized | $ (96) | $ (87) |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot66
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Net Amount Recognized Included in Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||
Current pension liability and nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities | $ (2) | $ (7) |
Pension benefits and nonpension postretirement benefits | (254) | (295) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | 812 | 1,047 |
Net amount recognized | 556 | 745 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||
Pension assets | 49 | 40 |
Current pension liability and nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities | (5) | (7) |
Pension benefits and nonpension postretirement benefits | (217) | (257) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | 282 | 351 |
Net amount recognized | 109 | 127 |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | ||
Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||
Current pension liability and nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities | (8) | (8) |
Pension benefits and nonpension postretirement benefits | (81) | (84) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | 3 | 9 |
Net amount recognized | (86) | (83) |
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | ||
Net amount recognized included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||
Current pension liability and nonpension postretirement benefit, included with Other accrued liabilities | (3) | (3) |
Pension benefits and nonpension postretirement benefits | (86) | (78) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (7) | (6) |
Net amount recognized | $ (96) | $ (87) |
Pension Benefit Plans and Oth67
Pension Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | ||
Current year actuarial (gain) loss | $ (2) | $ 66 |
Amortization of actuarial loss | (57) | (67) |
Loss due to settlement | (176) | (98) |
Total | (235) | (99) |
Changes in benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | (235) | (99) |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | ||
Current year actuarial (gain) loss | (40) | 87 |
Amortization of actuarial loss | (16) | (12) |
Loss due to settlement | (42) | |
Total | (98) | 75 |
Translation | 30 | (43) |
Changes in benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | (68) | 32 |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | ||
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | ||
Current year actuarial (gain) loss | (1) | |
Amortization of actuarial loss | (2) | (2) |
Amortization of prior service credit | 8 | 8 |
Total | 6 | 5 |
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | ||
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income | ||
Current year actuarial (gain) loss | 1 | 9 |
Total | $ 1 | $ 9 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot68
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Components of Net Periodic Pension and Postretirement Cost (Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Pension Benefit Plans | |||
Amortization: | |||
Accumulated benefit obligation | $ 2,735 | $ 3,126 | |
U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Components of net periodic pension cost | |||
Service cost | 14 | 15 | $ 24 |
Interest cost | 78 | 90 | 96 |
Expected asset return | (128) | (149) | (170) |
Amortization: | |||
Actuarial loss | 57 | 67 | 74 |
Net periodic pension cost | 21 | 23 | 24 |
Settlement cost | 176 | 98 | |
Annuity contract purchase for settlement of pension obligation | 369 | 200 | |
Canadian Pension Plans | |||
Amortization: | |||
Settlement cost | 27 | ||
Annuity contract purchase for settlement of pension obligation | 123 | ||
Pension Plan of the United Kingdom | |||
Amortization: | |||
Settlement cost | 15 | ||
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Components of net periodic pension cost | |||
Service cost | 15 | 16 | 15 |
Interest cost | 40 | 44 | 44 |
Expected asset return | (63) | (65) | (67) |
Amortization: | |||
Actuarial loss | 16 | 13 | 15 |
Net periodic pension cost | 8 | 8 | 7 |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Components of net periodic pension cost | |||
Interest cost | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Amortization: | |||
Actuarial loss | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Prior service cost | (8) | (8) | (8) |
Net amortization | (6) | (6) | (6) |
Net periodic pension cost | (2) | (2) | (2) |
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Components of net periodic pension cost | |||
Service cost | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Interest cost | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Amortization: | |||
Net periodic pension cost | $ 4 | $ 4 | $ 4 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot69
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Amortized From AOCI (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | |
U.S. Pension Plans | |
Amortization: | |
Actuarial loss | $ 52 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |
Amortization: | |
Actuarial loss | 13 |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | |
Amortization: | |
Actuarial loss | 1 |
Prior service cost | (8) |
Net amortization | $ (7) |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot70
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Projected and Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds the Fair Value of Plan Assets | ||
Projected benefit obligations | $ 1,650 | $ 1,956 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | 1,650 | 1,956 |
Fair value of plan assets | 1,394 | 1,654 |
Accumulated Benefit Obligations Exceeds the Fair Value of Plan Assets | ||
Projected benefit obligations | 1,650 | 1,956 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | 1,650 | 1,956 |
Fair value of plan assets | 1,394 | 1,654 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds the Fair Value of Plan Assets | ||
Projected benefit obligations | 905 | 897 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | 878 | 867 |
Fair value of plan assets | 682 | 632 |
Accumulated Benefit Obligations Exceeds the Fair Value of Plan Assets | ||
Projected benefit obligations | 261 | 897 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | 241 | 867 |
Fair value of plan assets | $ 39 | $ 632 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot71
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Weighted Average Assumptions (Details) | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost | |||
Tenure used for computing historical long-term rate of return assumption | 10 years | ||
U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Discount rate used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (as a percent) | 3.69% | 4.17% | |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost | |||
Discount rate used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost (as a percent) | 4.17% | 4.43% | 4.05% |
Rate of compensation increase (as a percent) | 2.96% | ||
Expected long-term rate of return on assets (as a percent) | 7.50% | 7.50% | 8.00% |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Discount rate used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (as a percent) | 2.76% | 2.94% | |
Rate of compensation increase (as a percent) | 2.78% | 2.90% | |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost | |||
Discount rate used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost (as a percent) | 2.94% | 3.68% | 3.65% |
Rate of compensation increase (as a percent) | 2.90% | 2.84% | 2.89% |
Expected long-term rate of return on assets (as a percent) | 6.32% | 7.15% | 7.21% |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Discount rate used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (as a percent) | 3.61% | 4.11% | 4.35% |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost | |||
Discount rate used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost (as a percent) | 4.11% | 4.35% | 3.99% |
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | |||
Discount rate used to determine pension and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (as a percent) | 3.35% | 3.55% | 3.80% |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost | |||
Discount rate used to determine net periodic pension costs and net postretirement benefit cost (as a percent) | 3.55% | 3.80% | 3.75% |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot72
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - U.S. Plan Assets By Hierarchy (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 1,394 | $ 1,654 | $ 1,909 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 975 | 1,011 | 1,012 |
Investments measured at net asset value | 906 | 901 | |
Total non-U.S. assets at fair value | 975 | 1,011 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 9 | 24 | |
Equity securities | U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Percentage of pension plan assets | 65.00% | ||
Equity securities | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Percentage of pension plan assets | 22.00% | ||
Debt securities | U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Percentage of pension plan assets | 28.00% | ||
Debt securities | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Percentage of pension plan assets | 54.00% | ||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 33 | 39 | |
Real estate | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 4 | ||
Other | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 27 | 43 | |
Real estate and other | U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Percentage of pension plan assets | 7.00% | ||
Real estate and other | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Percentage of pension plan assets | 24.00% | ||
Level 1 | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 42 | 61 | |
Level 1 | Cash and cash equivalents | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 9 | 24 | |
Level 1 | Debt securities | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 33 | 37 | |
Level 2 | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 27 | 39 | |
Level 2 | Debt securities | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 2 | ||
Level 2 | Other | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 27 | 37 | |
Level 3 | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 10 | $ 11 | |
Level 3 | Real estate | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | 4 | ||
Level 3 | Other | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Plan assets at fair value | $ 6 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot73
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Reconciliation of Pension Plan Assets Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | ||
Fair value at beginning of year | $ 1,654 | $ 1,909 |
Net increase (decrease) | (260) | (255) |
Fair value at end of year | 1,394 | 1,654 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | ||
Fair value at beginning of year | 1,011 | 1,012 |
Net increase (decrease) | (36) | (1) |
Fair value at end of year | 975 | 1,011 |
Other | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | ||
Fair value at beginning of year | 43 | |
Fair value at end of year | 27 | 43 |
Level 3 | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | ||
Fair value at beginning of year | 10 | 11 |
Net increase (decrease) | (10) | (1) |
Fair value at end of year | 10 | |
Level 3 | Other | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | ||
Fair value at beginning of year | $ 6 | |
Fair value at end of year | $ 6 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot74
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Minimum Funding Requirements and Estimated Future Benefit Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Defined contribution plans for salaried and hourly U.S. employees | $ 33 | $ 34 | $ 29 |
U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Estimated future benefit payments | |||
2,018 | 111 | ||
2,019 | 112 | ||
2,020 | 112 | ||
2,021 | 109 | ||
2,022 | 109 | ||
2023 - 2027 | 517 | ||
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Contribution to defined benefit plan in 2018 | 35 | ||
Estimated future benefit payments | |||
2,018 | 51 | ||
2,019 | 47 | ||
2,020 | 51 | ||
2,021 | 53 | ||
2,022 | 55 | ||
2023 - 2027 | 289 | ||
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Estimated future benefit payments | |||
2,018 | 8 | ||
2,019 | 7 | ||
2,020 | 7 | ||
2,021 | 7 | ||
2,022 | 6 | ||
2023 - 2027 | 28 | ||
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Estimated future benefit payments | |||
2,018 | 3 | ||
2,019 | 3 | ||
2,020 | 3 | ||
2,021 | 4 | ||
2,022 | 4 | ||
2023 - 2027 | $ 20 |
Pensions Benefit Plans and Ot75
Pensions Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Weighted Average Assumptions Assumed and Effect of Percentage Point Change in Health Care Cost Trend (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure | |||
Payments to the trust as required by the bargaining agreements are based upon specified amounts per hour worked | $ 6 | $ 6 | $ 6 |
U.S Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Weighted average assumed health care cost trend (in percent) | |||
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year (as a percent) | 6.20% | 6.40% | |
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (ultimate trend rate) (as a percent) | 5.00% | 5.00% | |
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate | 2,024 | 2,024 | |
Effect of one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates (in percent) | |||
One-Percentage-Point Increase, effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | $ (4) | ||
One-Percentage-Point Decrease, effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | $ 4 | ||
Non-U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||
Weighted average assumed health care cost trend (in percent) | |||
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year (as a percent) | 5.00% | 5.00% | |
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (ultimate trend rate) (as a percent) | 5.00% | 5.00% | |
Effect of one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates (in percent) | |||
One-Percentage-Point Decrease, effect on total of service and interest cost | $ 1 | ||
One-Percentage-Point Increase, effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | (6) | ||
One-Percentage-Point Decrease, effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations | $ 8 |
Income Taxes - Provision for In
Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes, Continued and Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Continuing operations | |||
U.S. | $ (43) | $ (27) | |
Non-U.S. | 318 | 383 | $ 268 |
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | 275 | 356 | 268 |
Discontinued operations; | |||
Non-U.S. | (3) | (7) | (4) |
Discontinued operations total | $ (3) | $ (7) | $ (4) |
Income Taxes - Provision (Benef
Income Taxes - Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Current: | |||
U.S. | $ (5) | $ 9 | |
Non-U.S. | 87 | $ 123 | 85 |
Total | 82 | 123 | 94 |
Deferred: | |||
U.S. | 6 | 3 | 10 |
Non-U.S. | (18) | (7) | 2 |
Total | (12) | (4) | 12 |
Total: | |||
U.S. | 1 | 3 | 19 |
Non-U.S. | 69 | 116 | 87 |
Total for continuing operations | 70 | 119 | 106 |
Total | $ 70 | $ 119 | $ 106 |
Income Taxes - Reconciliation o
Income Taxes - Reconciliation of the Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
A reconciliation of the provision (benefit) for income taxes | |||
Statutory U.S. Federal tax rate (as a percent) | 35.00% | ||
Increase (decrease) in provision for income taxes due to: | |||
Tax provision on pretax earnings (loss) from continuing operations at statutory U.S. Federal tax rate | $ 96 | $ 124 | $ 94 |
Non-U.S. tax rates | (29) | (22) | (12) |
U.S. Tax Cut and Jobs Act: transition tax, net of foreign tax credits | 2 | ||
Tax law changes | 152 | (3) | (3) |
Change in valuation allowance: U.S. tax law change | (162) | ||
Change in valuation allowance: other | (283) | 3 | 1 |
Tax attribute expiration | 330 | ||
Withholding tax, net | 8 | 7 | 10 |
Non-deductible acquisition costs | 6 | ||
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Amount | 9 | 20 | 7 |
U.S. tax on intercompany dividends and interest | 2 | 3 | 16 |
Tax exempt income | (3) | (2) | (3) |
Intraperiod tax allocation | (8) | ||
Tax credit | (37) | (19) | (14) |
Change in tax reserves | (18) | 8 | 5 |
Mexico inflationary adjustment | 13 | 6 | 3 |
Equity earnings | (13) | (9) | (7) |
Intercompany financing | (4) | (5) | 1 |
Other taxes based on income | 10 | 11 | 3 |
Other items | (3) | 5 | (1) |
Total for continuing operations | $ 70 | $ 119 | $ 106 |
Income Taxes - Deferred Taxes (
Income Taxes - Deferred Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Deferred tax assets: | ||
Accrued postretirement benefits | $ 44 | $ 53 |
Asbestos-related liabilities | 122 | 242 |
Foreign tax credit | 124 | 413 |
Operating and capital loss carryovers | 342 | 389 |
Other credit carryovers | 17 | 34 |
Accrued liabilities | 69 | 95 |
Pension liability | 77 | 138 |
Other | 43 | 74 |
Total deferred tax assets | 838 | 1,438 |
Deferred tax liabilities: | ||
Property, plant, and equipment | 101 | 131 |
Intangibles and deferred software | 97 | 119 |
Other | 2 | 9 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 200 | 259 |
Valuation allowance | (543) | (1,094) |
Net deferred taxes | 95 | 85 |
Deferred taxes are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: | ||
Other assets | 194 | 185 |
Deferred taxes | (99) | (100) |
Net deferred taxes | 95 | $ 85 |
Deferred tax benefit associated with reduction in valuation allowance | 551 | |
Deferred tax benefit associated with reduction in valuation allowance allocated to income from continuing operations | 445 | |
Deferred tax benefit associated with reduction in valuation allowance allocated to other comprehensive income | $ 79 |
Income Taxes - Tax Cuts and Job
Income Taxes - Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Act") (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Statutory U.S. Federal tax rate (as a percent) | 35.00% | |
Provisional amount recorded related to the remeasurement of the net deferred tax assets | $ 162 | |
Provisional offset amount recorded related to the remeasurement of the net deferred tax assets | (162) | |
Benefit for the reduction of a deferred tax liability related to an indefinite lived intangible asset | 11 | |
Equity in the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries for which income taxes had not been provided | 2,300 | |
Effect of subjecting undistributed earnings to the one-time transition tax | 1,800 | |
Provisional amount expected to be offset by available foreign tax credits | 331 | |
Provisional amount expected to be offset by available foreign tax credits primarily attributable to state taxes | $ 2 | |
Forecast | ||
Statutory U.S. Federal tax rate (as a percent) | 21.00% |
Income Taxes - Possible Changes
Income Taxes - Possible Changes and Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Reasonably possible change in unrecognized tax benefits | |||
Unused foreign tax credits expiring in 2020 through 2027 | $ 124 | $ 413 | |
Unused research tax credits expiring from 2019 to 2036 | 16 | ||
Operating and capital loss carryforwards with indefinite life | 160 | ||
Operating and capital loss carryforwards expiring between 2018 and 2037 | 182 | ||
Reconciliation of the Company's total gross unrecognized tax benefits | |||
Balance at beginning of the period | 74 | 74 | $ 77 |
Additions and reductions for tax positions of prior years | 1 | 1 | |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 17 | 15 | 10 |
Reduction due to lapse of the applicable statute of limitations | (7) | (3) | (5) |
Reductions due to settlements | (9) | (12) | (1) |
Foreign currency translation | 3 | ||
Foreign currency translation | (8) | ||
Balance at ending of the period | 79 | 74 | 74 |
Unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would impact the Company's effective income tax rate | 72 | 66 | 67 |
Accrued interest and penalties | 8 | 23 | 25 |
Interest and penalties included in tax expense | $ (14) | $ (2) | $ (1) |
Period during which unrecognized tax benefits are reasonably possible of being settled as a result of audit settlements or statute expirations | 12 months | ||
Maximum | |||
Reconciliation of the Company's total gross unrecognized tax benefits | |||
Reasonably possible decrease in unrecognized tax benefits related to audit settlements or statute expirations | $ 7 |
Debt (Details)
Debt (Details) $ / shares in Units, € in Millions, $ in Millions | Apr. 22, 2015item | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2017USD ($) | Nov. 30, 2016USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2015USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / shares | Sep. 30, 2017USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2017EUR (€) | Mar. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) | Nov. 30, 2016EUR (€) |
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 5,132 | $ 5,166 | ||||||||||||||
Less amounts due within one year | 11 | 33 | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 5,121 | 5,133 | ||||||||||||||
Total leverage ratio | 4.00% | |||||||||||||||
Net proceeds, after deducting debt issuance costs | $ 1,458 | $ 1,235 | $ 4,538 | |||||||||||||
New Agreement | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Number financial maintenance covenants | item | 1 | |||||||||||||||
Secured Credit Agreement | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Unused Credit | $ 888 | |||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable securitization | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted average interest rate, short-term debt (as a percent) | 3.17% | 3.17% | ||||||||||||||
Term Loan A | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 1,148 | 1,395 | ||||||||||||||
Face Value | 1,575 | |||||||||||||||
Net proceeds, after deducting debt issuance costs | $ 1,148 | |||||||||||||||
Term Loan A (279 million EUR at December 31, 2016) | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | € 279 | 282 | ||||||||||||||
Senior Notes 6.75%, due 2020 (500 million EUR) | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | € 500 | $ 594 | 523 | |||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 6.75% | 6.75% | ||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 597 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 116.99 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 699 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes 4.875%, due 2021 (330 million EUR) | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | € 330 | $ 392 | 345 | |||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 4.875% | 4.875% | ||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 394 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 113.43 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 447 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes 5.00%, due 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 496 | 495 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 5.00% | 5.00% | ||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 500 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 104.24 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 521 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes 5.875%, due 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 685 | 682 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 5.875% | 5.875% | ||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 700 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 108.15 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 757 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes 3.125%, due 2024 (725 million EUR at December 31,2017 and 500 million EUR at December 31,2016) | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | € 725 | $ 849 | € 500 | 520 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 3.125% | 3.125% | 3.125% | 3.125% | 3.125% | |||||||||||
Face Value | € | € 225 | € 500 | ||||||||||||||
Net proceeds, after deducting debt issuance costs | $ 237 | $ 520 | ||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 866 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 105.34 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 912 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes, 5.375% due 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 297 | 297 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 5.375% | 5.375% | ||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 300 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 105.31 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 316 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes 6.375%, due 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 295 | 294 | ||||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 6.375% | 6.375% | ||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 300 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 112.62 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 338 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes 4.00%, due 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 305 | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 4.00% | 4.00% | ||||||||||||||
Face Value | $ 310 | |||||||||||||||
Net proceeds, after deducting debt issuance costs | $ 305 | |||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 310 | |||||||||||||||
Indicated Market Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 100.21 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ 311 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Debentures 7.80%, due 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | 250 | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate, stated percentage | 7.80% | 7.80% | 7.80% | 7.80% | ||||||||||||
Face Value | $ 228 | |||||||||||||||
Fair values of fixed rate debt obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Principal Amount | $ 22 | |||||||||||||||
Interest charges for note repurchase premiums and related write-off of unamortized finance fees | $ 18 | |||||||||||||||
Capital leases | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ 54 | 57 | ||||||||||||||
Other debt | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | 17 | 26 | ||||||||||||||
Revolving Credit Facility | New Agreement | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | 300 | |||||||||||||||
Multicurrency Revolving Credit Facility | New Agreement | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | 600 | |||||||||||||||
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program | ||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable securitization | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term loans and long-term debt due within one year | $ 133 | $ 152 | ||||||||||||||
Weighted average interest rate, short-term debt (as a percent) | 0.76% | 0.76% | 0.74% | 0.74% | ||||||||||||
European Accounts Receivable Securitization Program | ||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable securitization | ||||||||||||||||
Maximum Borrowing Capacity | € | € 185 | |||||||||||||||
Minimum | Term Loan A | New Agreement | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Interest rate margin, Eurocurrency Rate loans (as a percent) | 1.25% | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate margin, Base Rate loans (as a percent) | 0.25% | |||||||||||||||
Minimum | Revolving Credit Facility | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Facility fee payable (as a percent) | 0.20% | |||||||||||||||
Maximum | Term Loan A | New Agreement | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Interest rate margin, Eurocurrency Rate loans (as a percent) | 1.75% | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate margin, Base Rate loans (as a percent) | 0.75% | |||||||||||||||
Maximum | Revolving Credit Facility | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Instrument | ||||||||||||||||
Facility fee payable (as a percent) | 0.30% |
Debt - Annual Maturities of Lon
Debt - Annual Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) |
Annual maturities of long-term debt through 2018 | |
2,018 | $ 11 |
2,019 | 11 |
2,020 | 1,753 |
2,021 | 401 |
2,022 | 503 |
2023 and thereafter | $ 2,453 |
Contingencies - Asbestos (Detai
Contingencies - Asbestos (Details) | 12 Months Ended | ||||
Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)item | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)itemplaintiff | Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)item | Dec. 31, 2014item | Dec. 31, 1993USD ($) | |
Asbestos | |||||
Sale of goods containing asbestos from 1948 to 1958 | $ 40,000,000 | ||||
Number of pending plaintiffs and claimants | item | 1,330 | 1,400 | 2,080 | 2,260 | |
Approximate number of claims disposed of to date | plaintiff | 399,000 | ||||
Average indemnity payment per claim | $ 9,600 | ||||
Payments for Asbestos-Related Liabilities | $ 110,000,000 | 125,000,000 | $ 138,000,000 | ||
Cash payments per claim disposed including legal costs | $ 83,000 | 71,000 | 95,000 | ||
Asbestos-related liability, total amount accrued beginning in 1993 through 2016 before insurance recoveries | 4,900,000,000 | $ 975,000,000 | |||
Number of years, estimate of accrued liability | 10 years | ||||
Accrual of asbestos related liability | $ 582,000,000 | 692,000,000 | |||
Asbestos related charges | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 16,000,000 | ||
Approximate number of plaintiffs and claimants asbestos claims pending against the entity | |||||
Disposed (in number of litigants) | item | 1,320 | 1,750 | 1,460 | ||
Filed (in number of litigants) | item | 1,250 | 1,070 | 1,280 | ||
Maximum | |||||
Asbestos | |||||
Loss contingency, plaintiffs damages | $ 725,000,000 | ||||
Damages unspecified or sufficient to invoke jurisdictional minimum | |||||
Asbestos | |||||
Percentage of asbestos plaintiffs, approximate percentage | 89.00% | ||||
Damages of $15 million or less | |||||
Asbestos | |||||
Percentage of asbestos plaintiffs, approximate percentage | 8.00% | ||||
Damages of $15 million or less | Minimum | |||||
Asbestos | |||||
Loss contingency, plaintiffs damages | $ 15,000,000 | ||||
Damages greater than $15 million but less than $100 million | |||||
Asbestos | |||||
Percentage of asbestos plaintiffs, approximate percentage | 3.00% | ||||
Damages greater than $15 million but less than $100 million | Minimum | |||||
Asbestos | |||||
Loss contingency, plaintiffs damages | $ 15,000,000 | ||||
Damages greater than $15 million but less than $100 million | Maximum | |||||
Asbestos | |||||
Loss contingency, plaintiffs damages | $ 100,000,000 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensi85
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Increase (Decrease) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax | |||
Balance at beginning of the period | $ (2,172) | ||
Intraperiod tax allocation | $ (8) | ||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 351 | (159) | $ (539) |
Balance at end of the period | (1,826) | (2,172) | |
Net Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations | |||
Increase (Decrease) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax | |||
Balance at beginning of the period | (788) | (568) | |
Change before reclassifications | 65 | (220) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 65 | (220) | |
Balance at end of the period | (723) | (788) | (568) |
Change in Certain Derivative Instruments | |||
Increase (Decrease) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax | |||
Balance at beginning of the period | (4) | (17) | |
Change before reclassifications | (3) | 7 | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | (6) | 6 | |
Tax effect | 1 | ||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (8) | 13 | |
Balance at end of the period | (12) | (4) | (17) |
Employee Benefit Plans | |||
Increase (Decrease) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax | |||
Balance at beginning of the period | (1,380) | (1,432) | |
Change before reclassifications | (8) | (2) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | 285 | 72 | |
Translation effect | 32 | (25) | |
Tax effect | (20) | 15 | |
Intraperiod tax allocation | (8) | ||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 289 | 52 | |
Balance at end of the period | (1,091) | (1,380) | (1,432) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. | |||
Increase (Decrease) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax | |||
Balance at beginning of the period | (2,172) | (2,017) | |
Change before reclassifications | 54 | (215) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | 279 | 78 | |
Translation effect | 32 | (25) | |
Tax effect | (19) | 15 | |
Intraperiod tax allocation | (8) | ||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 346 | (155) | |
Balance at end of the period | $ (1,826) | $ (2,172) | $ (2,017) |
Stock Based Compensation - Shar
Stock Based Compensation - Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
Shares available for grants under the plans | 5,620,022 | ||
Compensation cost for all grants of shares and units | $ 18 | $ 11 | $ 15 |
Stock Based Compensation - Rest
Stock Based Compensation - Restricted share and Restricted Share Units and Performance Vested Restricted Share Units (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares | Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)$ / shares | |
Restricted share and Restricted Share Units and Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | |||
Unrecognized compensation cost of unvested stock options, restricted shares, restricted share units and performance vested restricted share units (in dollars) | $ | $ 19 | ||
Weighted average period during which unrecognized compensation costs would be recognized | 2 years | ||
Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units | |||
Restricted share and Restricted Share Units and Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | |||
Nonvested, beginning balance (in shares) | 836,000 | ||
Granted (in shares) | 601,000 | ||
Vested (in shares) | (255,000) | ||
Forfeited (in shares) | (74,000) | ||
Nonvested, ending balance (in shares) | 1,108,000 | 836,000 | |
Nonvested, Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 19.44 | ||
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | 20.01 | $ 15.70 | $ 22.69 |
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | 21.30 | ||
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | 18.31 | ||
Nonvested, Closing balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 19.39 | $ 19.44 | |
Total fair value of shares issued (in dollars) | $ | $ 5 | $ 6 | $ 4 |
Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units | Shares granted to employees after March 21, 2005 | Minimum | |||
Restricted share and Restricted Share Units and Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | |||
Fair value of restricted shares, amortization period | 1 year | ||
Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units | Shares granted to employees after March 21, 2005 | Maximum | |||
Restricted share and Restricted Share Units and Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | |||
Fair value of restricted shares, amortization period | 4 years | ||
Restricted Share Units | Shares granted to directors after 2007 | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
Period after which shares granted can be vested | 1 year | ||
Restricted Share Units | Shares granted to employees after 2010 | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
Percentage of shares vested per year beginning on first anniversary | 25.00% | ||
Common stock distribution ratio | 1 | ||
Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award | |||
Period after which shares granted can be vested | 3 years | ||
Restricted share and Restricted Share Units and Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | |||
Nonvested, beginning balance (in shares) | 1,355,000 | ||
Granted (in shares) | 528,000 | ||
Vested (in shares) | (66,000) | ||
Forfeited (in shares) | (223,000) | ||
Nonvested, ending balance (in shares) | 1,594,000 | 1,355,000 | |
Nonvested, Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 20.76 | ||
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | 19.57 | $ 15.10 | $ 23.63 |
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | 33.39 | ||
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | 29.23 | ||
Nonvested, Closing balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares | $ 18.66 | $ 20.76 | |
Total fair value of shares vested (in dollars) | $ | $ 2 | ||
Shares issued | 66,000 | ||
Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | Maximum | |||
Restricted share and Restricted Share Units and Performance Vested Restricted Share Units | |||
Shares of common stock holder may receive, per unit of vested units | 2 |
Other Expense, net (Details)
Other Expense, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Other Expense, net | |||
Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges | $ 77 | $ 104 | $ 75 |
Intangible amortization expense | 41 | 39 | 21 |
Impairment of equity investment | 25 | ||
Charge for asbestos related costs | 0 | 0 | 16 |
Gain on China land compensation | (71) | ||
Royalty income | (11) | (13) | (12) |
Strategic transaction costs | 23 | ||
Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments | 10 | ||
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) | 5 | 6 | (10) |
Other expense (income) | (7) | (14) | (12) |
Other Expense (Income), net | $ 105 | $ 76 | $ 111 |
Operating Leases (Details)
Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Operating Leases | |||
Rent expense attributable to warehouse, office buildings and equipment operating leases | $ 84 | $ 80 | $ 72 |
Minimum future rentals under operating leases | |||
2,018 | 73 | ||
2,019 | 55 | ||
2,020 | 40 | ||
2,021 | 29 | ||
2,022 | 24 | ||
2023 and thereafter | $ 37 |
Earnings Per Share (Details)
Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Numerator: | |||
Net earnings attributable to the Company | $ 180 | $ 209 | $ 135 |
Denominator (in thousands): | |||
Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) | 162,737,000 | 161,857,000 | 161,169,000 |
Effect of dilutive securities: | |||
Stock options and other (in shares) | 1,910,000 | 968,000 | 966,000 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares) | 164,647,000 | 162,825,000 | 162,135,000 |
Basic earnings per share: | |||
Earnings from continuing operations (in dollars per share) | $ 1.12 | $ 1.33 | $ 0.86 |
Loss from discontinued operations (in dollars per share) | (0.01) | (0.04) | (0.03) |
Net earnings (in dollars per share) | 1.11 | 1.29 | 0.83 |
Diluted earnings per share: | |||
Earnings from continuing operations (in dollars per share) | 1.11 | 1.32 | 0.85 |
Loss from discontinued operations (in dollars per share) | (0.01) | (0.04) | (0.03) |
Net earnings (in dollars per share) | $ 1.10 | $ 1.28 | $ 0.82 |
Weighted average shares of common stock attributable to options not included in diluted earnings per share (in shares) | 1,552,928 | 2,770,458 | 1,937,315 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Inform91
Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | |||
Interest paid note repurchase premiums | $ 18 | $ 9 | $ 32 |
Decrease (increase) in current assets: | |||
Receivables | (37) | (32) | (14) |
Inventories | 2 | 16 | (13) |
Prepaid expenses and other | (10) | 145 | (4) |
Increase (decrease) in current liabilities: | |||
Accounts payable | 69 | (58) | 100 |
Accrued liabilities | (49) | (31) | 21 |
Salaries and wages | (21) | 32 | 12 |
U.S. and foreign income taxes | (43) | 18 | (14) |
Changes in components of working capital, total | (89) | 90 | 88 |
Amount of receivables sold | 454 | 318 | |
Interest paid in cash | 261 | 261 | 227 |
Income taxes paid (received) in cash | |||
U.S. Income taxes paid in cash | 4 | ||
Non-U.S. Income taxes paid in cash | 127 | 99 | 101 |
Total income taxes paid in cash | $ 131 | $ 99 | $ 101 |
Business Combinations and Pro92
Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information (Details) $ in Millions | Sep. 01, 2015USD ($)Plant | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2015USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) |
Business Combinations | |||||
Net sales | $ 6,869 | $ 6,702 | $ 6,156 | ||
Gross profit | $ 1,133 | $ 1,212 | $ 1,110 | ||
Vitro Acquisition | |||||
Business Combinations | |||||
Total consideration | $ 2,297 | ||||
Number of plants acquired | Plant | 5 | ||||
Net sales | $ 608 | ||||
Gross profit | $ 122 |
Business Combinations and Pro93
Business Combinations and Pro Forma Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)$ / shares | |
Business Combinations, Pro Forma | |
Net sales | $ 6,730 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the Company | $ 172 |
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ / shares | $ 1.06 |
As Reported | |
Business Combinations, Pro Forma | |
Net sales | $ 6,156 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the Company | $ 139 |
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ / shares | $ 0.85 |
Acquisition Adjustments | |
Business Combinations, Pro Forma | |
Net sales | $ 574 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the Company | 79 |
Financing Adjustments | |
Business Combinations, Pro Forma | |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the Company | $ (46) |
Discontinued Operations (Detail
Discontinued Operations (Details) $ in Millions | Jul. 31, 2017USD ($) | Apr. 04, 2016Plant | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2015USD ($) |
Subsidiaries | |||||
Litigation Settlement, Amount | $ 500 | ||||
Loss from discontinued operations | (3) | $ (7) | $ (4) | ||
Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale | OI European Group B.V. (“OIEG”) | |||||
Subsidiaries | |||||
Litigation Settlement, Amount | $ 115 | ||||
Disposed Venezuelan subsidiaries | |||||
Subsidiaries | |||||
Expropriated plants | Plant | 2 | ||||
Disposed Venezuelan subsidiaries | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale | |||||
Subsidiaries | |||||
Loss from discontinued operations | $ (3) | $ (7) |
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND Q95
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (CONSOLIDATED) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | |
Additions | ||||
Statutory U.S. Federal tax rate (as a percent) | 35.00% | |||
Change in valuation allowance: U.S. tax law change | $ 162 | |||
Expired foreign tax credits | 327 | |||
Forecast | ||||
Additions | ||||
Statutory U.S. Federal tax rate (as a percent) | 21.00% | |||
Allowances for losses and discounts on receivables | ||||
Reserves deducted from assets in the balance sheets: | ||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ 34 | 32 | $ 29 | $ 34 |
Additions | ||||
Charged to costs and expenses/charged to income | 12 | 15 | 12 | |
Other | (2) | (2) | (5) | |
Deductions | (8) | (10) | (12) | |
Balance at end of period | 34 | 32 | 29 | |
Valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets | ||||
Reserves deducted from assets in the balance sheets: | ||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ 543 | 1,094 | 1,135 | 1,223 |
Additions | ||||
Charged to costs and expenses/charged to income | 15 | 3 | 1 | |
Other | (79) | (32) | 5 | |
Foreign currency translation | 4 | (3) | (20) | |
Other | (491) | (9) | (74) | |
Balance at end of period | $ 543 | $ 1,094 | $ 1,135 |