Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business— Ebix, Inc. and its subsidiaries, (“Ebix” or the “Company”, "we", "us", and "our") is a leading international supplier of on-demand infrastructure Exchanges to the insurance, financial, and healthcare industries. In the insurance industry, the Company’s main focus is to develop and deploy a wide variety of insurance and reinsurance exchanges on an on-demand basis, while also providing SaaS enterprise solutions in the area of CRM, front-end and back-end systems, outsourced administrative and risk compliance. The Company's products feature fully customizable and scalable on-demand software designed to streamline the way insurance professionals manage distribution, marketing, sales, customer service, and accounting activities. With a "Phygital” strategy that combines physical distribution outlets in many Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries to a Omni-channel online digital platform, the Company’s EbixCash Financial exchange portfolio encompasses leadership in areas of domestic and international money remittance, foreign exchange (Forex), travel, pre-paid & gift cards, utility payments, lending, and wealth management in India and other markets. The Company has its headquarters in Johns Creek, Georgia and also conducts operating activities in Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Singapore, United Kingdom, Brazil, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and United Arab Emirates. International revenue accounted for 68.6% , 60.4% , and 41.8% of the Company’s total revenue in 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 , respectively. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ebix and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. Non-controlling interests in net income or losses, and net equity are reported in amounts that reflect the non-controlling party(s) percentage ownership in the respect subsidiaries. The effect of intercompany balances and transactions has been eliminated. Use of Estimates —The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during those reporting periods. Management has made material estimates primarily with respect to revenue recognition and contract liabilities, accounts receivable, acquired intangible assets, annual impairment reviews of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, investments, contingent earnout liabilities in connection with business acquisitions, and the provision for income taxes. Actual results may be materially different from those estimates. Reclassification —Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to be consistent with current year presentation within our financial statements, specifically with respect to the presentation of receivables from service providers and payables to service agents. Segment Reporting —Since the Company, from the perspective of its chief operating decision maker, allocates resources and evaluates business performance as a single entity that provides software and related services to various industries on a worldwide basis, the Company reports as a single segment. The applicable enterprise-wide disclosures are included in Note 15. Cash and Cash Equivalents —The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Such investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company does maintain cash balances in banking institutions in excess of federally insured amounts and therefore is exposed to the related potential credit risk associated with such cash deposits. Short-term Investments —The Company’s primary short-term investments consist of certificates of deposits with established commercial banking institutions in India that have readily determinable fair values. Ebix accounts for such investments that are reasonably expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during the year as short-term investments that are available-for-sale. The carrying amount of investments in marketable securities approximates their fair value. The carrying value of our short-term investments was $4.4 million and $31.2 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Restricted Cash — The carrying value of our restricted cash was $35.1 million and $8.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The balance consists of upfront cash consideration and possible future contingent earn-out payments held in an escrow account in connection with a 2016 business acquisition. If earn-out targets are not achieved, amounts held in escrow will be returned to the Company. The Company also holds fixed deposits pledged with banks for issuance of bank guarantees and letters of credit related to its India operations for our working capital facility. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the statement of financial position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows: For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 (In thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $ 73,228 $ 137,858 63,895 Restricted cash 35,051 8,317 4,040 Restricted cash included in other long-term assets 3,090 3,506 2,932 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows $ 111,369 $ 149,681 $ 70,867 Fiduciary Funds - Restricted —Due to the EbixHealth JV being a third party administrator (“TPA”), the Company collects premiums from insureds and, after deducting its fees, remits these premiums to insurance companies. Unremitted insurance premiums and/or claim funds established for the benefit of various carriers are held in a fiduciary capacity until disbursed by the Company. The use of premiums collected from insureds but not yet remitted to insurance companies is restricted by law in certain states. The total assets held on behalf of others, $5.0 million , are recorded as an asset and offsetting fiduciary funds - restricted liability. Fair Value Measurements —The Company follows the relevant GAAP guidance regarding the determination and measurement of the fair value of assets/liabilities in which fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction valuation hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes the following three levels of inputs that may be used in the methodology to measure fair value: • Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices available in active markets for identical investments to the reporting entity at the measurement date. • Level 2 — Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs, which are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. • Level 3 — Unobservable inputs, which are used to the extent that observable inputs are not available, and used in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability and wherein the reporting entity makes estimates and assumptions related to the pricing of the asset or liability including assumptions regarding risk. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , the Company has the following financial instruments for which it had to consider fair values and had to make fair value assessments: • Short-term investments (commercial bank certificates of deposits and mutual funds), for which the fair values are measured as a Level 1 instrument. • Contingent accrued earn-out business acquisition consideration liabilities for which fair values are measured as Level 3 instruments. These contingent consideration liabilities were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are remeasured quarterly based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary. The increases or decreases in the fair value of contingent consideration can result from changes in anticipated revenue levels and changes in assumed discount periods and rates. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, they are categorized as Level 3. Other financial instruments not measured at fair value on the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018 but which require disclosure of their fair values include: cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related benefits, finance lease obligations, and the revolving line of credit and term loan debt . The Company believes that the estimated fair value of such instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 reasonably approximates their carrying value as reported on the consolidated balance sheets. Additional information regarding the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is presented in the following tables: Fair Values at Reporting Date Using* Descriptions Balance at December 31, 2019 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (In thousands) Assets Commercial bank certificates of deposits ($50 thousand is recorded in the long term asset section of the consolidated balance sheets in "Other Assets") $ 4,493 $ 4,493 $ — $ — Mutual funds 1,058 1,058 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 5,551 $ 5,551 $ — $ — Liabilities Contingent earn-out acquisition consideration (a) 10,095 — — 10,095 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ 10,095 $ — $ — $ 10,095 (a) The income valuation approach is applied and the valuation inputs include the contingent payment arrangement terms, projected cash flows, rate of return, and probability assessments. * During the year ended December 31, 2019 there were no transfers between fair value Levels 1, 2 or 3. Fair Values at Reporting Date Using* Descriptions Balance at December 31, 2018 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (In thousands) Assets Commercial bank certificates of deposits ($681 thousand is recorded in the long term asset section of the consolidated balance sheets in "Other Assets") $ 26,714 26,714 — — Mutual Funds 5,159 5,159 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 31,873 $ 31,873 $ — $ — Liabilities Contingent earn-out acquisition consideration (a) 24,976 — — 24,976 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ 24,976 $ — $ — $ 24,976 (a) The income valuation approach is applied and the valuation inputs include the contingent payment arrangement terms, projected cash flows, rate of return, and probability assessments. * During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were no transfers between fair value Levels 1, 2 or 3. For the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), the following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for each category therein, and gains or losses recognized during the year: Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Contingent Liability for Accrued Earn-out Acquisition Consideration Balance at December 31, 2019 Balance at December 31, 2018 (In thousands) Beginning balance $ 24,976 37,096 Total remeasurement adjustments: (Gains) or losses included in earnings ** (16,543 ) (1,391 ) Reductions recorded against goodwill — (13,718 ) Foreign currency translation adjustments *** (260 ) (1,620 ) Acquisitions and settlements Business acquisitions 1,922 8,440 Settlements — (3,831 ) Ending balance $ 10,095 $ 24,976 The amount of total (gains) or losses for the year included in earnings or changes to net assets, attributable to changes in unrealized (gains) or losses relating to assets or liabilities still held at year-end. $ (16,543 ) $ (1,391 ) ** recorded as a component of general and administrative expenses *** recorded as a component of other comprehensive income within stockholders' equity Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's contingent consideration liabilities designated as Level 3 are as follows: (In thousands) Fair Value at December 31, 2019 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input Contingent acquisition consideration: (Wdev, Miles, Zillious, and Essel acquisitions) $10,095 Discounted cash flow Expected future annual revenue streams and probability of achievement (In thousands) Fair Value at December 31, 2018 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input Contingent acquisition consideration: (Wdev, ItzCash, Indus and Miles acquisitions) $24,976 Discounted cash flow Expected future annual revenue streams and probability of achievement Sensitivity to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs As presented in the table above, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of contingent consideration related to business acquisitions are forecasts of expected future annual revenues as developed by the Company's management and the probability of achievement of those revenue forecasts. The discount rate used in these calculations is 12.6% . Significant increases (decreases) in these unobservable inputs in isolation would likely result in a significantly (lower) higher fair value measurement. Revenue Recognition and Contract Liabilities —The Company derives its revenues primarily from software subscription and transaction fees, software license fees, financial transaction fees, risk compliance solution services fees, and professional service fees including associated fees for consulting, implementation, training, and project management provided to customers with installed systems, and applications. Sales and value-added taxes are not included in revenues, but rather are recorded as a liability until the taxes assessed are remitted to the respective taxing authorities. The Company determines revenue recognition by applying the following steps: • identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; • identification of the performance obligations in the contract; • determination of the transaction price; • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and • recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. The Company analyzes its different services individually to determine the appropriate basis for revenue recognition, as further described below. Additionally, certain services exist in multiple channels. As Ebix derives revenues from three product/service channels—EbixCash Exchanges, Insurance Exchanges, and Risk Compliance Solutions—for policy disclosure purposes, contracts are discussed in conjunction with the channel to which they are most significant. The Company assesses the terms of customer contracts including termination rights, penalties (implied or explicit), and renewal rights. Insurance Exchanges Insurance Exchanges revenues are primarily derived from consideration paid by customers related to our SaaS platforms, related services and the licensing of software. A typical contract for our SaaS platform will also include services for setup, customization, transaction processing, maintenance, and/or hosting. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately may require significant judgement. Set-up and customization services, related to our SaaS platforms, are not considered to be distinct from the usage fees associated with the SaaS platform and, accordingly, are accounted for as a single performance obligation. These services along with the usage or transaction fees are recognized over the contract duration which considers the significance of the upfront fees in the context of the contract and which may, therefore, exceed the initial contracted term. Contracts generally do not contain a right of return or refund provisions. Our contracts often do contain overage fees, contingent fees, or service level penalties which are accounted for as variable consideration. Revenue accounted for as variable consideration is immaterial and is recognized using the “right to invoice” practical expedient when the invoiced amount equals the value provided to the customer. Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price. Determining the stand-alone selling price may require significant judgement. The stand-alone selling price is the price at which an entity has sold or would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. The Company determines the stand-alone selling price based on observable price of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances, when such observable prices are available. When standalone selling price is not directly observable, the Company estimates the stand-alone selling price using the market assessment approach by considering historical pricing and other market factors. Software Licenses Software license revenues attributable to a software license that is a separate performance obligation are recognized at the point in time that the customer obtains control of the license. Subscription Services Subscription services revenues are associated with performance obligations that are satisfied over specific time periods and primarily consist of post-contract support services. Revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contract term. Our subscription contracts are generally for an initial three-year period with subsequent one-year automatic renewals. Transaction Fees Transaction revenue is comprised of fees applied to the volume of transactions that are processed through our SaaS platforms. These are typically based on a per-transaction rate and are invoiced for the same period in which the transactions were processed and as the performance obligation is satisfied. The amount invoiced generally equals the value provided to the customer, and revenue is typically recognized when invoiced using the as-invoiced practical expedient. Professional Services Professional service revenue primarily consists of fees for setup, customization, training, or consulting. Professional service fees are generally on a time and materials basis or a fixed fee. Revenues for time and materials are recognized as such services are rendered while fixed fee revenues are recognized based on the input method driven by the expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date. Professional services, particularly related to SaaS platforms, may have significant dependencies on the related licensed software and may not be considered a distinct performance obligation. Risk Compliance Services ("RCS") RCS revenues consist of two revenue streams-Certificates of Insurance (COI) and Consulting Services. COI revenues are derived from consideration paid by customers for the creation and tracking of certificates of insurance. These are transactional-based revenues. Consulting Services revenues are driven by distinct consulting service engagements rendered to customers for which revenues are recognized using the output method on a time and material basis as the services are performed. COI Creation and Tracking The Company provides services to issue and track certificates of insurance in the United States and Australian markets. Revenue is derived from transaction fees for each certificate issued or tracked. The Company recognizes revenue at the issuance of each certificate or over the period the certificate is being tracked. Consulting Services The Company provides consulting services to clients around the world for project management and development. Consulting services fees are generally on a time and materials basis or a fixed fee. Revenues for time and materials are recognized using an output method as the services are rendered while fixed fee revenues are recognized based on the input method driven by the expected hours to complete the project measured against the actual hours completed to date. EbixCash Exchanges ("EbixCash") EbixCash revenues are primarily derived from consideration paid by customers for financial transaction services, including services like transferring or exchanging money. The significant majority of EbixCash revenue is for a single performance obligation and is recognized at a point in time. These revenues vary by transaction based upon channel, send and receive locations, the principal amount sent, whether the money transfer involves different send and receive currencies, and speed of service, as applicable. EbixCash also offers several other services, including payment services and ticketing and travel services for which revenue is impacted by varying factors. EbixCash acts as the principal in most transactions and reports revenue on a gross basis, as EbixCash controls the service at all times prior to transfer to the customer, is primarily responsible for fulfilling the customer contracts, has the risk of loss, and has the ability to establish transaction prices. The main services from which EbixCash derives revenue are as follow: EbixCash Travel Exchanges EbixCash Travel revenues are primarily derived from commissions and transaction fees received from various travel providers and international exchanges involved in the sale of travel to the consumer. EbixCash Travel revenue is for a single performance obligation and is recognized at a point in time. Travel revenues include reservation commissions, segment fees from global travel exchange providers, and transaction net revenues (i.e., the amount charged to travelers less the amount owed to travel service providers) in connection with our reservation services; ancillary fees, including travel insurance-related revenues and certain reservation booking fees; and credit card processing rebates and customer processing fees. EbixCash Travel services include the sale of hotel rooms, airline tickets, bus tickets and train tickets. EbixCash’s Travel revenue is also derived from ticket sales, wherein the commissions payable to EbixCash Travel, along with any transaction fees paid by travel providers and travel exchanges, is recognized as revenue after completion of the service. The transaction price on such services is agreed upon at the time of the purchase. EbixCash Travel revenue for the corporate MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) packages is recognized at full purchase value at the completion of the obligation with the corresponding costs recorded under direct expenses. For MICE revenues, EbixCash Travel acts as the principal in transactions, and accordingly reports revenue on a gross basis. EbixCash Travel controls the service at all times prior to transfer to the customer, is responsible for fulfilling the customer contracts, has the risk of loss, and has the ability to establish transaction prices. EbixCash Money Transfer For the EbixCash money transfer business, EbixCash has one performance obligation whereupon the customer engages EbixCash to perform one integrated service. This typically occurs instantaneously when the beneficiary entitled to receive the money transferred by the sender visits the EbixCash outlet and collects the money. Accordingly, EbixCash recognizes revenue upon completion of the following: 1) the customer’s acknowledgment of EbixCash’s terms and conditions and the receipt of payment information, 2) the money transfer has been processed, 3) the customer has received a unique transaction identification number, and 4) funds are available to be picked up by the beneficiary. The transaction price is comprised of a transaction fee and the difference between the exchange rate set by EbixCash to the customer and the rate available in the wholesale foreign exchange market, as applicable, both of which are readily determinable at the time the transaction is initiated Foreign Exchange and Outward Remittance Services For EbixCash’s foreign exchange and payment services, customers agree to terms and conditions for all transactions, either at the time of initiating a transaction or signing a contract with EbixCash to provide payment services on the customer’s behalf. In the majority of EbixCash’s foreign exchange and payment services, EbixCash makes payments to the recipient to satisfy its performance obligation to the customer, and therefore, EbixCash recognizes revenue on foreign exchange and payment when this performance obligation has been fulfilled. Consumer Payment Services EbixCash offers several different bill payment services that vary by considerations such as: 1) who pays the fee to EbixCash (consumer or biller), 2) whether the service is offered to all potential consumers, or only to those for which EbixCash has a relationship with the biller, and 3) whether the service utilizes a physical agent network offered for consumers’ convenience, among other factors. The determination of which party is EbixCash’s customer for revenue recognition purposes is based on these considerations for each of EbixCash’s bill payment services. For all transactions, EbixCash’s customers agree to EbixCash’s terms and conditions, either at the time of initiating a transaction (where the consumer is determined to be the customer for revenue recognition purposes) or upon signing a contract with EbixCash to provide services on the biller’s behalf (where the biller is determined to be the customer for revenue recognition purposes). As with consumer money transfers, customers engage EbixCash to perform one integrated service-collect money from the consumer and process the bill payment transaction, thereby providing the billers real-time or near real-time information regarding their customers’ payments and simplifying the billers’ collection efforts. EbixCash’s revenues from bill payment services are generated from contracts to process transactions at any time during the duration of the contract. The transaction price on bill payment services is contractual and determinable. Certain biller agreements may include per-transaction or fixed periodic rebates, which EbixCash records as a reduction to revenue. Gift Cards EbixCash resells gift cards to consumers that can be later redeemed at various merchants. Gift cards are recorded as inventory until sold to the consumer. Gift card revenue is recognized at full purchase value at the time of sale with the corresponding cost of vouchers recorded as under direct expenses. EbixCash Technology Services EbixCash also offers on-demand technology to various providers in the area of lending, wealth & asset management, travel and logistics across the world. Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities includes payments or billings that have been received or made prior to performance. In certain cases, cash collections pertain to maintenance and support fees, initial setup or registration fees under hosting agreements, software license fees received in advance of delivery and acceptance, and software development fees paid in advance of completion and delivery. Approximately $6.4 million and $10.2 million of contract liabilities were included in billed accounts receivable at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Impact of New Revenue Recognition Standard on Financial Statement Line Items Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and other related updates. This standard requires entities to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We applied this standard to contracts for which performance was not substantially complete as of the date of adoption. For those contracts that were modified prior to the date of adoption, we reflected the aggregate effect of those modifications when determining the appropriate accounting under the new standard. We don’t believe the effect of applying this practical expedient resulted in material differences. We applied this standard through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. Upon adoption, the cumulative effect of applying this standard resulted in a decrease of approximately $8.8 million to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Revenue presented for periods prior to 2018 was accounted for under previous standards and has not been adjusted. Revenue and net income for 2018 did not differ materially from amounts that would have resulted from application of the previous standards. Disaggregation of Revenue The following tables present revenue disaggregated by primary geographical regions and product channels for the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 (In thousands) United States $ 182,530 $ 196,984 $ 211,895 Canada 4,805 5,611 7,522 Latin America 19,755 19,866 21,128 Australia 33,268 35,770 34,366 Singapore* 6,549 7,674 6,330 New Zealand 1,955 2,015 1,933 India* 300,678 196,372 61,857 Europe 14,695 15,387 17,062 Indonesia* 9,706 7,482 1,055 Philippines* 5,991 6,483 623 United Arab Emirates* 683 1,042 200 Mauritius* — 3,140 — $ 580,615 $ 497,826 $ 363,971 *Primarily India led businesses for which total revenue was $320.0 million, $217.5 million and $64.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The Company’s revenues are derived from three product/service groups. Presented in the table below is the breakout of our revenue streams for each of those product/service groups for the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 . For the Year Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2019 2018 2017 EbixCash Exchanges $ 319,953 $ 217,457 $ 64,324 Insurance Exchanges 190,067 192,604 200,508 Risk Compliance Solutions 70,595 87,765 99,139 Totals $ 580,615 $ 497,826 $ 363,971 Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract The Company’s capitalized costs are primarily derived from the fulfillment of SaaS related setup and customizations from which the customer receives benefit through continued access to and use of the SaaS product platforms. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 340-40-25-5, we capitalize the costs directly related to the setup and development of these customizations which satisfy the Company’s performance obligation with respect to access to the Company’s underlying product platforms. The capitalized costs primarily consist of the salaries of the developers directly involved in fulfilling the project and are solely based on the time spent on that project. The Company amortizes the capitalized costs ratably over the expected useful life of the related customizations, matching our treatment for the related revenue, and the capitalized costs are recoverable from profit margin included in the contract. As of December 31, 2019 , the Company had $734 thousand of contract costs in “Other current assets” and $1.2 million in “Other Assets” on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (In thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Balance, beginning of period $ 2,238 $ 2,401 Costs recognized from beginning balance (708 ) (898 ) Additions, net of costs recognized 367 735 Balance, end of period $ 1,897 $ 2,238 Contract Liabilities The Company records contract liabilities when it receives payments or invoices in advance of the performance of services.A significant portion of this balance relates to contracts where the customer has paid in advance for the use of our SaaS platforms over a specified period of time. This portion is recognized as the related performance obligation is fulfilled (generally less than one year). Part of our performance obligation for these contracts consists of the |