Investments | Note 3. Investments The following tables set forth the estimated fair value, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and cost or amortized cost of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities and equity securities, aggregated by type and industry, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Fixed maturities were comprised of the following: September 30, 2018 Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Cost or Amortized Cost Fixed maturities: Bonds: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities $ 26,240 $ 7 $ 1,449 $ 27,682 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 8,224 259 135 8,100 Corporate securities: Utilities and telecom 18,891 855 756 18,792 Financial services 51,517 1,031 2,142 52,628 Other business – diversified 47,267 240 2,668 49,695 Other consumer – diversified 54,807 87 3,889 58,609 Total corporate securities 172,482 2,213 9,455 179,724 Redeemable preferred stocks: Other consumer – diversified 192 - - 192 Total redeemable preferred stocks 192 - - 192 Total fixed maturities $ 207,138 $ 2,479 $ 11,039 $ 215,698 December 31, 2017 Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Cost or Amortized Cost Fixed maturities: Bonds: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities $ 31,155 $ 149 $ 511 $ 31,517 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 10,809 630 1 10,180 Corporate securities: Utilities and telecom 21,882 1,709 130 20,303 Financial services 53,686 2,049 453 52,090 Other business – diversified 44,184 1,024 1,349 44,509 Other consumer – diversified 53,200 924 1,477 53,753 Total corporate securities 172,952 5,706 3,409 170,655 Redeemable preferred stocks: Other consumer – diversified 192 - - 192 Total redeemable preferred stocks 192 - - 192 Total fixed maturities $ 215,108 $ 6,485 $ 3,921 $ 212,544 Bonds having an amortized cost of $9,896 and $11,178 and included in the tables above were on deposit with insurance regulatory authorities as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, in accordance with statutory requirements. Equity securities were comprised of the following: September 30, 2018 Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Cost Equity securities: Common and non-redeemable preferred stocks: Utilities and telecom $ 1,602 $ 637 $ - $ 965 Financial services 4,770 390 - 4,380 Other business – diversified 320 273 - 47 Other consumer – diversified 17,013 11,890 - 5,123 Total equity securities $ 23,705 $ 13,190 $ - $ 10,515 December 31, 2017 Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Cost Equity securities: Common and non-redeemable preferred stocks: Utilities and telecom $ 1,588 $ 624 $ - $ 964 Financial services 5,634 851 - 4,783 Other business – diversified 297 250 - 47 Other consumer – diversified 15,836 10,712 - 5,124 Total equity securities $ 23,355 $ 12,437 $ - $ 10,918 The carrying value and amortized cost of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by contractual maturity were as follows. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Carrying Value Amortized Cost Carrying Value Amortized Cost Due in one year or less $ 3,148 $ 3,150 $ 1,653 $ 1,655 Due after one year through five years 19,055 19,408 13,738 14,056 Due after five years through ten years 126,581 131,961 112,847 112,116 Due after ten years 42,251 43,970 67,328 64,928 Varying maturities 16,103 17,209 19,542 19,789 Totals $ 207,138 $ 215,698 $ 215,108 $ 212,544 The following tables present the Company’s unrealized loss aging for securities by type and length of time the security was in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. September 30, 2018 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities $ 3,923 $ 178 $ 20,812 $ 1,271 $ 24,735 $ 1,449 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 4,402 135 - - 4,402 135 Corporate securities 90,396 4,116 50,934 5,339 141,330 9,455 Total temporarily impaired securities $ 98,721 $ 4,429 $ 71,746 $ 6,610 $ 170,467 $ 11,039 December 31, 2017 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities $ 12,175 $ 162 $ 12,737 $ 349 $ 24,912 $ 511 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 999 1 - - 999 1 Corporate securities 40,108 653 32,667 2,756 72,775 3,409 Total temporarily impaired securities $ 53,282 $ 816 $ 45,404 $ 3,105 $ 98,686 $ 3,921 The evaluation for an other than temporary impairment is a quantitative and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties in the determination of whether declines in the fair value of investments are other than temporary. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, changes in general economic conditions, an issuer’s financial condition or near term recovery prospects and the effects of changes in interest rates. In evaluating a potential impairment, the Company considers, among other factors, management’s intent and ability to hold the securities until price recovery, the nature of the investment and the expectation of prospects for the issuer and its industry, the status of an issuer’s continued satisfaction of its obligations in accordance with their contractual terms, and management’s expectation as to the issuer’s ability and intent to continue to do so, as well as ratings actions that may affect the issuer’s credit status. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were one hundred thirty-three and sixty-nine securities, respectively, in an unrealized loss position which primarily included certain of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities within the financial services, other diversified business and other diversified consumer sectors. The increase in the number and value of securities in an unrealized loss position during the nine month period ended September 30, 2018, was primarily attributable to the rising interest rate environment. The Company does not currently intend to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position. Based upon the Company’s expected continuation of receipt of contractually required principal and interest payments and its intent and ability to retain the securities until price recovery, as well as the Company’s evaluation of other relevant factors, including those described above, the Company has deemed these securities to be temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2018. The following describes the fair value hierarchy and provides information as to the extent to which the Company uses fair value to measure the value of its financial instruments and information about the inputs used to value those financial instruments. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs in the valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. The Company’s financial instruments valued using Level 1 criteria include cash equivalents and exchange traded common stocks. Level 2 Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for an asset or liability or prices for similar assets or liabilities. The Company’s financial instruments valued using Level 2 criteria include significantly all of its fixed maturities, which consist of U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and certain corporate fixed maturities, as well as its non-redeemable preferred stocks. In determining fair value measurements of its fixed maturities and non-redeemable preferred stocks using Level 2 criteria, the Company utilizes data from outside sources, including nationally recognized pricing services and broker/dealers. Prices for the majority of the Company’s Level 2 fixed maturities and non-redeemable preferred stocks were determined using unadjusted prices received from pricing services that utilize a matrix pricing concept, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities based on various relationships to other benchmark quoted prices. Level 3 Valuations that are derived from techniques in which one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable (including assumptions about risk). Fair value is based on criteria that use assumptions or other data that are not readily observable from objective sources. The Company’s financial instruments valued using Level 3 criteria consist of a limited number of fixed maturities. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the value of the Company’s fixed maturities valued using Level 3 criteria was $1,018 and $1,369, respectively. The use of different criteria or assumptions regarding data may have yielded materially different valuations. As of September 30, 2018, financial instruments carried at fair value were measured on a recurring basis as summarized below: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Assets: Fixed maturities $ - $ 206,120 $ 1,018 (1) $ 207,138 Equity securities 19,155 4,550 (1) - 23,705 Cash equivalents 8,653 - - 8,653 Total $ 27,808 $ 210,670 $ 1,018 $ 239,496 (1) All underlying securities are financial service industry related. As of December 31, 2017, financial instruments carried at fair value were measured on a recurring basis as summarized below: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Assets: Fixed maturities $ - $ 213,739 $ 1,369 (1) $ 215,108 Equity securities 17,973 5,382 (1) - 23,355 Cash equivalents 13,855 - - 13,855 Total $ 31,828 $ 219,121 $ 1,369 $ 252,318 (1) All underlying securities are financial service industry related. The following tables provide a roll-forward of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Fixed Maturities Balance, December 31, 2017 $ 1,369 Total unrealized losses included in other comprehensive loss (30 ) Balance, March 31, 2018 1,339 Total unrealized gains included in other comprehensive loss 7 Balance, June 30, 2018 1,346 Total realized gains included in earnings 208 Total unrealized losses included in other comprehensive loss (53 ) Settlements (483 ) Balance, September 30, 2018 $ 1,018 Fixed Maturities Balance, December 31, 2016 $ 1,264 Total unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income 38 Balance, March 31, 2017 1,302 Total unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income 30 Balance, June 30, 2017 1,332 Total unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income 19 Balance, September 30, 2017 $ 1,351 The Company’s fixed maturities valued using Level 3 inputs consist solely of issuances of pooled debt obligations of multiple, smaller financial services companies that are not actively traded. There are no assumed prepayments and/or default probability assumptions as a majority of these instruments contain certain U.S. government agency strips to support repayment of the principal. Other qualitative and quantitative information received from the original underwriter of the pooled offerings is also considered, as applicable. The following table is a summary of realized investment gains (losses) for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Gross gains $ 484 $ 539 $ 1,101 $ 2,879 Gross losses - - (304 ) (61 ) Realized investment gains, net $ 484 $ 539 $ 797 $ 2,818 The following table presents the portion of unrealized gains (losses) related to equity securities still held for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities $ 1,355 $ - $ 1,025 $ - Less: Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period (272 ) - (272 ) - Net unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date $ 1,083 $ - $ 753 $ - |