Insurance Reserves and Policyholder Funds | Note 3. Insurance Reserves and Policyholder Funds The following table presents the Company’s reserves for life, accident and health, and property and casualty losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses at December 31, 2016 and 2015. Amount of Insurance In Force, Net 2016 2015 2016 2015 Future policy benefits Life insurance policies: Ordinary $ 54,554 $ 54,130 $ 245,017 $ 247,590 Mass market 2,003 2,205 2,463 2,758 Individual annuities 84 103 — — 56,641 56,438 $ 247,480 $ 250,348 Accident and health insurance policies 18,202 15,698 74,843 72,136 Unearned premiums 23,208 25,348 Losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses 62,562 63,870 Other policy liabilities 2,066 1,991 Total insurance reserves and policyholder funds $ 162,679 $ 163,345 Annualized premiums for accident and health insurance policies were $95,956 and $87,480 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Future Policy Benefits Liabilities for life insurance future policy benefits are based upon assumed future investment yields, mortality rates, and withdrawal rates after giving effect to possible risks of unexpected claim experience. The assumed mortality and withdrawal rates are based upon the Company’s experience. The interest rates assumed for life, accident and health future policy benefits are generally: (i) 2.5% to 5.5% for issues prior to 1977, (ii) 7% graded to 5.5% for 1977 through 1979 issues, (iii) 9% for 1980 through 1987 issues, (iv) 5% to 7% for 1988 through 2009 issues, (v) 4% for 2010 through 2012 issues, and (vi) 3.5% for 2013 through 2016 issues. Loss and Claim Reserves Loss and claim reserves represent estimates of projected ultimate losses and are based upon: (a) management’s estimate of ultimate liability and claims adjusters’ evaluations for unpaid claims reported prior to the close of the accounting period, (b) estimates of incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims based on past experience, and (c) estimates of loss adjustment expenses. The estimated liability is periodically reviewed by management and updated, with changes to the estimated liability recorded in the statement of operations in the year in which such changes are known. Activity in the liability for unpaid loss and claim reserves is summarized as follows: 2016 2015 Balance at January 1 $ 63,870 $ 66,625 Less: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses (11,741 ) (14,302 ) Net balance at January 1 52,129 52,323 Incurred related to: Current year 103,252 99,447 Prior years (3,377 ) (701 ) Total incurred 99,875 98,746 Paid related to: Current year 71,980 68,159 Prior years 28,258 30,781 Total paid 100,238 98,940 Net balance at December 31 51,766 52,129 Plus: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses 10,796 11,741 Balance at December 31 $ 62,562 $ 63,870 Prior years’ development was primarily the result of better than expected development on prior years loss and claim reserves for certain lines of business in both American Southern and Bankers Fidelity. Following is a reconciliation of total incurred losses to total insurance benefits and losses incurred: 2016 2015 Total incurred losses $ 99,875 $ 98,746 Cash surrender value and matured endowments 1,278 1,390 Benefit reserve changes 2,044 1,228 Total insurance benefits and losses incurred $ 103,197 $ 101,364 Liability for Unpaid Losses, Claims and Loss Adjustment Expenses The following is information, by significant product lines, about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2016, net of reinsurance, as well as the cumulative number of reported claims and the total of IBNR reserves plus expected development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts. The information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2007 to 2016 is presented as supplementary information. Medicare Supplement For the Years Ended December 31, (Unaudited) As of December 31, 2016 Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance IBNR Reserves Cumulative Number of Reported Claims Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 29,616 $ 29,169 $ 29,230 $ 29,225 $ 29,214 $ 29,213 $ 29,213 $ 29,212 $ 29,111 $ 29,211 $ — 526,227 2008 29,344 28,698 28,721 28,712 28,688 28,687 28,683 28,683 28,682 — 528,104 2009 31,124 30,455 30,481 30,447 30,438 30,432 30,431 30,430 — 555,808 2010 34,849 34,328 34,323 34,303 34,282 34,272 34,268 — 620,799 2011 38,188 38,296 38,360 38,327 38,316 38,302 — 658,696 2012 50,021 50,996 51,021 50,998 50,989 — 860,258 2013 56,974 56,970 57,034 57,023 — 949,778 2014 57,179 56,938 56,981 — 933,020 2015 55,482 54,939 62 890,878 2016 58,849 9,520 879,603 $ 439,674 Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 24,324 $ 29,169 $ 29,230 $ 29,255 $ 29,214 $ 29,213 $ 29,213 $ 29,212 $ 29,211 $ 29,211 2008 24,055 28,698 28,721 28,712 28,688 28,687 28,683 28,683 28,682 2009 29,866 30,455 30,481 30,447 30,438 30,432 30,431 30,430 2010 29,127 34,328 34,323 34,303 34,282 34,272 34,268 2011 31,720 38,296 38,360 38,327 38,316 38,302 2012 42,267 50,996 51,021 50,998 50,989 2013 47,770 56,970 57,034 57,023 2014 48,024 56,938 56,981 2015 45,430 54,876 2016 49,165 $ 429,927 Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 9,747 The cumulative number of reported claims for the Medicare Supplement line of business is the count of distinct claims incurred and submitted to Medicare for payment in the given year. Multiple payments on the same claim are not counted in the frequency information. Estimated ultimate claims incurred, using claims data reported during each month of any given year, are calculated using the chain ladder method modified to use seasonality and trend-adjusted expected claims for the final two months. Additional adjustments to the estimated ultimate claims incurred are then applied to account for seasonal changes in billing and payment frequencies. The IBNR reserve is calculated as estimated ultimate claims less paid claims and claims in course of settlement. Thirty-six months of loss data are used to develop the estimated ultimate incurred claims. Similar approaches are used for other less significant health products, subject to modifications to account for unique aspects of the product. Automobile Liability For the Years Ended December 31, (Unaudited) As of December 31, 2016 Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance IBNR Reserves Cumulative Number of Reported Claims Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 6,711 $ 6,733 $ 7,415 $ 7,407 $ 7,253 $ 7,296 $ 7,299 $ 7,314 $ 7,303 $ 7,290 $ — 1,663 2008 9,723 7,011 6,627 6,374 6,124 6,112 6,106 6,104 6,105 — 1,534 2009 10,817 8,891 8,659 8,558 8,245 8,123 8,155 8,154 — 1,754 2010 10,752 10,818 10,547 9,937 10,068 10,185 10,202 18 1,946 2011 12,263 13,802 13,235 13,289 13,281 13,495 65 2,129 2012 12,980 15,007 14,108 13,707 13,313 19 2,338 2013 18,664 20,702 21,096 21,823 906 3,251 2014 20,812 21,881 22,041 1,683 3,522 2015 18,521 19,857 2,992 3,431 2016 20,549 7,421 3,374 $ 142,829 Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 2,631 $ 4,792 $ 5,957 $ 6,519 $ 6,824 $ 7,008 $ 7,230 $ 7,247 $ 7,249 $ 7,290 2008 2,426 4,202 5,077 5,695 5,839 6,065 6,104 6,104 6,105 2009 3,250 5,208 6,353 7,502 7,995 8,123 8,155 8,154 2010 3,211 6,274 8,291 9,382 9,725 10,056 10,090 2011 4,205 7,934 9,858 12,071 13,039 13,106 2012 4,627 8,791 11,507 12,932 13,197 2013 5,144 12,193 16,782 19,407 2014 6,822 13,807 17,554 2015 6,226 11,878 2016 6,796 $ 113,577 Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 29,252 Automobile Physical Damage For the Years Ended December 31, (Unaudited) As of December 31, 2016 Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance IBNR Reserves Cumulative Number of Reported Claims Accident Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 $ 5,478 $ 5,114 $ 5,113 $ 5,070 $ 5,070 $ — 1,129 2013 6,039 5,515 5,536 5,599 — 1,598 2014 8,079 7,657 7,583 1 1,633 2015 8,287 7,955 2 1,583 2016 6,877 196 1,187 $ 33,084 Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Accident Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 $ 4,610 $ 5,075 $ 5,089 $ 5,067 $ 5,067 2013 4,778 5,486 5,466 5,599 2014 6,437 7,619 7,570 2015 6,745 7,937 2016 5,804 $ 31,977 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance 41 Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 1,148 General Liability For the Years Ended December 31, (Unaudited) As of December 31, 2016 Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance IBNR Reserves Cumulative Number of Reported Claims Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 6,549 $ 5,124 $ 4,648 $ 4,293 $ 3,960 $ 4,257 $ 4,377 $ 4,457 $ 4,443 $ 4,503 $ 17 488 2008 5,386 4,359 2,858 2,685 2,479 2,489 2,507 2,548 2,647 20 387 2009 3,392 2,215 1,944 1,730 1,702 1,727 1,828 1,832 4 283 2010 4,114 2,699 2,269 2,337 2,258 2,400 2,423 10 288 2011 3,022 1,723 1,452 1,338 1,174 1,242 17 198 2012 4,055 1,305 1,269 1,270 1,214 23 155 2013 3,461 728 926 817 2 186 2014 3,744 501 557 128 189 2015 4,421 1,037 467 136 2016 3,119 2,660 63 $ 19,391 Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 901 $ 1,825 $ 2,566 $ 2,993 $ 3,387 $ 3,595 $ 3,966 $ 4,214 $ 4,371 $ 4,426 2008 534 1,091 1,637 1,861 2,023 2,123 2,418 2,506 2,564 2009 476 941 1,082 1,410 1,629 1,662 1,796 1,816 2010 284 678 1,374 1,542 2,037 2,368 2,382 2011 295 412 582 835 1,161 1,169 2012 371 707 847 1,034 1,113 2013 104 339 579 811 2014 171 299 331 2015 98 259 2016 116 $ 14,987 All outstanding liabilities before 2007, net of reinsurance 238 Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 4,642 Surety For the Years Ended December 31, (Unaudited) As of December 31, 2016 Incurred Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance IBNR Reserves Cumulative Number of Reported Claims Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 3,287 $ 1,953 $ 893 $ 983 $ 1,084 $ 868 $ 856 $ 818 $ 814 $ 769 $ — 37 2008 3,883 2,098 2,420 2,312 2,312 2,360 2,360 2,324 2,324 — 62 2009 4,920 5,025 4,239 3,951 3,616 4,636 4,916 4,664 — 83 2010 3,995 4,624 3,618 3,396 3,607 3,549 3,563 — 93 2011 4,422 4,786 5,080 5,092 4,966 5,031 1 124 2012 4,979 4,767 5,396 5,345 4,869 — 86 2013 3,060 2,007 2,743 2,947 31 56 2014 3,214 3,130 2,990 75 46 2015 1,902 1,630 377 48 2016 3,314 1,703 41 $ 32,101 Cumulative Paid Losses, Claims and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Accident Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2007 $ 255 $ 519 $ 664 $ 698 $ 937 $ 849 $ 853 $ 816 $ 814 $ 769 2008 503 1,369 2,261 2,232 2,311 2,359 2,360 2,324 2,324 2009 103 1,595 2,640 3,205 3,410 3,760 3,757 4,663 2010 928 2,193 2,780 2,943 3,252 3,545 3,560 2011 1,031 3,207 4,622 4,748 4,939 5,022 2012 2,257 4,581 4,856 5,331 4,869 2013 323 1,010 1,369 2,763 2014 1,331 2,327 2,727 2015 641 856 2016 1,054 $ 28,607 Liabilities for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 3,494 For the property and casualty lines of business, the number of claims presented above equals the number of occurrences by type of claim reported to the Company. The number of claims reported during a given year corresponds to the number of claims records opened during the year. Frequency information is maintained on a cumulative basis by accident year by line of business. For automobile claims, a claim count is separately maintained for bodily injury, property damage and physical damage claims. The Company has consistently monitored claim frequency on this basis, and believes this provides more meaningful information than using claimant count which can change over the course of settling a claim. In general, when a claim is reported, claims representatives establish a “case reserve” for the estimated amount of the ultimate payment based on the known information of the claim at that time. Claims managers review and monitor all property and casualty claims in excess of $25,000. As new information becomes available or payments are made on a claim, the case reserve is adjusted to reflect the revised estimate of the ultimate amount to be paid out. Estimates and assumptions pertaining to individual claims are based on complex and subjective judgments and subject to change at any time as new information becomes available. In addition to case reserves, IBNR reserves are established to provide for claims which have not been reported to the Company as of the reporting date as well as potential adverse development on known case reserves. IBNR reserve estimates are derived through a number of analytical techniques. Actuarial data is analyzed by line of business, coverage and accident year. Qualitative factors are also considered in determining IBNR reserves and include such factors as judicial decisions, general economic trends such as inflation, changes in policy forms, and underwriting changes. Reserves are reviewed quarterly and any indicated adjustments are made. Because of the inherent uncertainties in establishing both case and IBNR reserves, ultimate loss experience may prove better or worse than indicated by the combined claim reserves. Adjustments to claim reserves are reflected in the period recognized and could increase or decrease earnings for the period. The following is supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2016. Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance (Unaudited) Reserve Line 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year Medicare Supplement 83.7 % 16.3 % 0.1 % -0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Automobile Liability 33.2 % 29.3 % 17.1 % 11.7 % 4.2 % 2.3 % 1.1 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.6 % Automobile Physical Damage 86.1 % 13.1 % -0.2 % 1.0 % 0.0 % General Liability 18.9 % 20.8 % 16.7 % 15.3 % 13.3 % 4.9 % 6.8 % 3.3 % 2.8 % 1.2 % Surety 27.7 % 33.3 % 19.4 % 11.3 % 7.0 % 1.6 % 0.2 % 4.4 % -0.1 % -5.9 % The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables to the liability for losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses is as follows: December 31, 2016 Net outstanding liabilities: Medicare Supplement $ 9,747 Automobile Liability 29,252 Automobile Physical Damage 1,148 General Liability 4,642 Surety 3,494 Other short-duration insurance lines 2,060 Liabilities for unpaid losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance 50,343 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses: Medicare Supplement 990 Automobile Liability 5,556 Automobile Physical Damage 106 General Liability 4,135 Other insurance lines 9 Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses 10,796 Unallocated claims adjustment expenses 1,423 Total gross liability for unpaid losses, claims and loss adjustment expenses $ 62,562 |