Fresh Tracks Therapeutics (FRTX) 10-Q 2021 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

Or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-21088

BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware				93-0948554
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)				(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
	5777 Central Avenue,	Boulder,	CO	80301
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)

(720) 505-4755

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share	BBI	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of ‘‘large accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘smaller reporting company,’’ and ‘‘emerging growth company’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 3, 2021, there were 115,048,346 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		3
RISK FACTORS SUMMARY		4
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		6
	ITEM 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6
	ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
	ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
	ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures	37
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings	39
	ITEM 1A. Risk Factors	39
	ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
	ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	69
	ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	69
	ITEM 5. Other Information	69
	ITEM 6. Exhibits	70

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties for purposes of the safe harbor provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact, including statements relating to future financial, business, and/or research and clinical performance, conditions, plans, prospects, trends, or strategies and other such matters, including without limitation, our strategy; future operations; future financial position; future liquidity; future revenue; projected expenses; results of operations; the anticipated timing, scope, design, progress, results, and/or reporting of data of ongoing and future non-clinical and clinical trials; intellectual property rights, including the validity, term, and enforceability of such; the expected timing and/or results of regulatory submissions and approvals; and prospects for commercializing any of Brickell’s product candidates, or research collaborations with, or actions of, its partners, including in Japan, South Korea, the United States (“U.S.”), or any other country. The words “may,” “could,” “should,” “might,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “will,” evaluate,” “advance,” “aim,” “help,” “progress,” “select,” “initiate,” “looking forward,” and similar expressions and their variants, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on management’s current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and performance could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this Quarterly Report to “Brickell,” “Brickell Subsidiary,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” or similar references, refer to Brickell Biotech, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report, in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, and under a similar heading in any other periodic or current report we may file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in the future. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge quickly and from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

You should read carefully the factors described in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our future public filings and on our website.

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RISK FACTORS SUMMARY

Our business, financial condition, and operating results may be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown. Any one or more of such factors could directly or indirectly cause our actual results of operations and financial condition to vary materially from past or anticipated future results of operations and financial condition. Any of these factors, in whole or in part, let alone combined with any of the others, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price. We have provided a summary of some of these risks below, with a more detailed explanation of those and other risks applicable to the Company in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report.

•Our business depends on the successful continued financing, clinical development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of our pipeline assets.

•Clinical drug development for sofpironium bromide and our other pipeline assets is expensive, time-consuming, and uncertain.

•Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Kaken”) substantially controls the development and commercialization of sofpironium bromide in Japan and certain other Asian countries and may make decisions regarding product development, regulatory strategy, and commercialization that may not be in our best interests. Kaken may be unable to secure an appropriate local business partner (if desirable) and/or obtain approval of the drug in the ex-Japan Asian markets over which it has rights.

•If we or any partners with which we may collaborate to market and sell sofpironium bromide are unable to achieve and maintain medical insurance coverage and adequate levels of reimbursement for this late-stage compound following its regulatory approval and usage by patients, our commercial success may be hindered severely. Kaken may not be able to maintain adequate pricing in Japan for sofpironium bromide given that country’s more restrictive price controls than the U.S.

•Even if sofpironium bromide obtains regulatory approval outside Japan, and despite our partner Kaken launching the drug as ECCLOCK® in Japan in 2020, it may fail to achieve the broad degree of physician and patient adoption and use necessary for commercial success.

•Sofpironium bromide, where approved, will face significant competition and its failure to compete effectively may prevent it from achieving significant market penetration.

•We may face generic competition for sofpironium bromide, which could expose us to litigation or adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

•If clinical research organizations (“CROs”) and other third parties do not meet our requirements or otherwise conduct clinical trials for our pipeline assets as required or are unable to staff or supply our trials, we may not be able to satisfy our contractual obligations or obtain regulatory approval for, or commercialize, our pipeline assets at all or in the time frames currently planned for.

•We currently have limited marketing capabilities and no sales organization. If we are unable to generate adequate financing, establish sales and marketing capabilities on our own or through third parties, or are delayed in establishing these capabilities, we will be unable to successfully commercialize our product candidates, if approved, or generate meaningful product revenue.

•We will need to raise substantial additional financing in the future to fund our operations, which may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.

•If the holders of our company’s stock options and warrants exercise their rights to purchase our common stock, the ownership of our stockholders will be diluted.

•We may never obtain regulatory approval to commercialize any of our product candidates in the U.S., or anywhere else in the world other than Japan, and any products approved for sale will be subject to continued regulatory review and compliance obligations and there could be further restrictions on post-approval activities, including commercialization efforts. In obtaining regulatory approval, we will need to negotiate an appropriate product label

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(aka package insert) with the regulators, which will determine the extent of our allowed promotional activities, and this label could be restrictive or prohibitory with regard to subject matter we believe is necessary to maximize the commercial success of sofpironium bromide.

•Major public health issues, and specifically the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19 and COVID-19 variants, and the impact as certain markets emerge from the pandemic, especially in terms of constraints on supply chains and human resource availability, and different degrees of success various countries experience in rolling out their vaccine campaigns, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations and other aspects of our business and that of our suppliers, contractors, and business partners.

•We have sponsored or supported and may in the future sponsor or support clinical trials for our product candidates outside the U.S. and Japan, and the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (“PMDA”), and applicable foreign regulatory authorities may not accept data from such trials; in addition, we may not be allowed alone or with local country business partners to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates without first conducting clinical trials in each of these other countries.

•We may face product liability exposure, and if successful claims are brought against us, we may incur substantial liability if our insurance coverage for those claims is inadequate.

•We may be subject to risks related to pre-approval promotion or off-label use, or unauthorized direct-to-consumer advertising, of our product candidates.

•Healthcare reform measures, including price controls or restricted access, could hinder or prevent the commercial success of our product candidates in any country.

•We are and may be subject to stricter healthcare laws, regulation, and enforcement, and our failure to comply with those laws could expose us to liability or adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

•We rely completely on third-party contractors to supply, manufacture, and distribute clinical drug supplies and to help prepare for a possible launch for our product candidates, including certain sole-source suppliers and manufacturers; we intend to rely on third parties for commercial supply, manufacturing, and distribution, and possibly sales and promotion, if any of our product candidates receive regulatory approval; and we expect to rely on third parties for supply, manufacturing, and distribution of preclinical, clinical, and commercial supplies, and possibly sales and promotion, of any future product candidates.

•Manufacturing and supply of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (“API”) and other substances and materials used in our product candidates and finished drug products is a complex and technically challenging undertaking, and there is potential for failure at many points in the manufacturing, testing, quality control and assurance, and distribution supply chain, as well as the potential for latent defects after products have been manufactured and distributed.

•We may not be able to finance or acquire additional pipeline or marketed assets to grow or sustain our company business.

•We may not be able to obtain, afford, maintain, or enforce global patent rights or other intellectual property rights that cover sofpironium bromide, our autoimmune and neuroinflammatory portfolio, and related technologies (and any other product candidates) that are of sufficient type, breadth, and term.

•We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights meaningfully throughout the world.

•If we fail to comply with our obligations under our intellectual property license agreements, we could lose license rights that are important to our business. Additionally, these agreements may be subject to disagreement over contract interpretation, which could narrow the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology, or other key aspects of product development and/or commercialization, or increase our financial or other obligations to our licensors.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,383	$	30,115
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,668		3,415
Total current assets	24,051		33,530
Property and equipment, net	65		30
Operating lease right-of-use asset	72		74
Total assets	$	24,188	$	33,634
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,338	$	568
Accrued liabilities	2,809		5,420
Lease liability, current portion	55		74
Note payable, current portion	—		291
Total current liabilities	4,202		6,353
Lease liability, net of current portion	18		—
Note payable, net of current portion	—		146
Total liabilities	4,220		6,499
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)	0		0
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; 88,732,346 and 53,551,461 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	887		536
Additional paid-in capital	158,381		132,492
Accumulated deficit	(139,300)		(105,893)
Total stockholders’ equity	19,968		27,135
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	24,188	$	33,634

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenue
Collaboration revenue	$	—	$	142	$	—	$	1,795
Royalty revenue	132		—		300		—
Total revenue	132		142		300		1,795
Operating expenses:
Research and development	10,222		1,281		25,112		6,657
General and administrative	3,269		3,211		9,127		8,713
Total operating expenses	13,491		4,492		34,239		15,370
Loss from operations	(13,359)		(4,350)		(33,939)		(13,575)
Investment and other income, net	107		24		597		27
Interest expense	(1)		—		(65)		—
Net loss	$	(13,253)	$	(4,326)	$	(33,407)	$	(13,548)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.16)	$	(0.15)	$	(0.47)	$	(0.82)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	83,378,318		28,107,785		70,959,097		16,475,843

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited, in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net loss	$	(13,253)	$	(4,326)	$	(33,407)	$	(13,548)
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities arising during holding period, net of tax benefit of $0	—		—		—		28
Total comprehensive loss	$	(13,253)	$	(4,326)	$	(33,407)	$	(13,520)

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In-Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
		Shares			Par Value
Balance, December 31, 2020		53,551,461	$	536		$	132,492	$	—	$	(105,893)	$	27,135
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		12,444,887	124			8,845		—		—		8,969
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $50		1,083,548	11			1,617		—		—		1,628
Issuance of common stock upon restricted stock unit settlement, net of shares withheld for taxes		96,350	1			(53)		—		—		(52)
Stock-based compensation		—	—			469		—		—		469
Net loss		—	—			—		—		(9,005)		(9,005)
Balance, March 31, 2021		67,176,246	672			143,370		—		(114,898)		29,144
Common stock issued, net of issuance costs of $259		4,768,976	47			3,890		—		—		3,937
Stock-based compensation		—	—			421		—		—		421
Net loss		—	—			—		—		(11,149)		(11,149)
Balance, June 30, 2021		71,945,222	719			147,681		—		(126,047)		22,353
Issuance of common stock under license agreement		2,816,901	28			1,943		—		—		1,971
Common stock issued, net of issuance costs of $757		13,970,223	140			7,980		—		—		8,120
Stock-based compensation		—	—			777		—		—		777
Net loss		—	—			—		—		(13,253)		(13,253)
Balance, September 30, 2021		88,732,346	$	887		$	158,381	$	—	$	(139,300)	$	19,968

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	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In-Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
		Shares									Par Value
Balance, December 31, 2019		8,480,968	$	85	$	92,497	$	(28)	$	(84,980)		$	7,574
Issuance of common stock and common stock purchase warrants, net of offering costs of $10		950,000	10		1,980		—		—			1,990
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		221,293	2		13		—		—			15
Issuance of common stock upon restricted stock unit settlement, net of shares withheld for taxes		19,643	—		(13)		—		—			(13)
Stock-based compensation		—	—		403		—		—			403
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities		—	—		—		28		—			28
Net loss		—	—		—		—		(4,103)			(4,103)
Balance, March 31, 2020		9,671,904	97		94,880		—		(89,083)			5,894
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		2,202,863	22		(15)		—		—			7
Issuance of common stock upon restricted stock unit settlement, net of shares withheld for taxes		6,673	—		(4)		—		—			(4)
Common stock and warrants issued, net of issuance costs of $1,443		14,790,133	148		18,531		—		—			18,679
Stock-based compensation		—	—		453		—		—			453
Net loss		—	—		—		—		(5,119)			(5,119)
Balance, June 30, 2020		26,671,573	267		113,845		—		(94,202)			19,910
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		1,113,424	11		(10)		—		—			1
Issuance of common stock upon restricted stock unit settlement, net of shares withheld for taxes		56,221	—		(22)		—		—			(22)
Common stock issued, net of issuance costs of $261		3,400,418	34		2,562		—		—			2,596
Stock-based compensation		—	—		553		—		—			553
Net loss		—	—		—		—		(4,326)			(4,326)
Balance, September 30, 2020		31,241,636	$	312	$	116,928	$	—	$	(98,528)		$	18,712

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(33,407)	$	(13,548)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Issuance of common stock under license agreement	1,971		—
Stock-based compensation	1,667		1,409
Gain on loan extinguishment	(437)		—
Depreciation	15		9
Reduction of discount on marketable securities	—		25
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	748		112
Accounts payable	756		(1,119)
Accrued liabilities	(2,663)		(376)
Deferred revenue	—		(1,795)
Net cash used in operating activities	(31,350)		(15,283)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures, net	(36)		—
Maturities of marketable securities	—		4,500
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(36)		4,500
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs	13,685		23,265
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants	8,969		23
Proceeds from the issuance of note payable	—		437
Net cash provided by financing activities	22,654		23,725
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(8,732)		12,942
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—BEGINNING	30,115		7,232
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—ENDING	$	21,383	$	20,174
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Forgiveness of Paycheck Protection Program loan	$	437	$	—

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRICKELL BIOTECH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Brickell Biotech, Inc. (the “Company” or “Brickell”) is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company striving to transform patient lives by developing innovative and differentiated prescription therapeutics for the treatment of dermatologic, autoimmune, and other debilitating diseases. The Company’s pipeline combines a potential best-in-class, late-stage program for the treatment of hyperhidrosis with a novel, cutting-edge platform and development-stage candidates with broad potential in autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders. The Company’s strategy includes in-licensing, acquiring, developing, and commercializing innovative pharmaceutical products that it believes can meaningfully benefit patients who are suffering from chronic, debilitating diseases that are underserved by available therapies.

The Company’s most advanced product candidate, sofpironium bromide, is a new chemical entity that belongs to a class of medications called anticholinergics. The Company has developed sofpironium bromide, 15% as a potential best-in-class, self-administered, once daily, topical therapy for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis, also known as excessive underarm sweating. In October 2021, the Company reported positive topline results of its United States (“U.S.”) Phase 3 pivotal clinical program for sofpironium bromide gel, 15% for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis, which achieved statistical significance on all primary and secondary efficacy endpoints and was generally well-tolerated. Sofpironium bromide gel, 5% is approved in Japan for the same indication under the brand name ECCLOCK®. The Company’s operations to date have been limited to business planning, raising capital, developing its pipeline assets (in particular sofpironium bromide), identifying and in-licensing product candidates, conducting clinical trials, and other research and development.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company has incurred significant operating losses and has an accumulated deficit as a result of ongoing efforts to in-license and develop product candidates, including conducting preclinical and clinical trials and providing general and administrative support for these operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had a net loss of $33.4 million and net cash used in operating activities of $31.4 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $21.4 million and an accumulated deficit of $139.3 million.

The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2021, combined with the net proceeds of $8.9 million received from the subsequent sale of the Company’s common stock in a public offering (see Note 8. “Subsequent Events”), are sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months from the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company expects to continue to incur additional substantial losses in the foreseeable future as a result of the Company’s research and development activities. Additional funding will be required in the future to continue with the Company’s planned development and other activities.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Brickell Subsidiary, Inc., and are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules and regulations, certain footnotes or other financial information normally included in financial statements prepared

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in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial information. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2021, for any other interim period, or for any other future period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 has been derived from audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company operates in 1 operating segment and, accordingly, no segment disclosures have been presented herein. The Company’s management performed an evaluation of its activities through the date of filing of these financial statements and concluded that there are no subsequent events requiring disclosure, other than as disclosed.

Use of Estimates

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires it to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may take in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s business is subject to significant risks common to early-stage companies in the pharmaceutical industry including, but not limited to, the ability to develop appropriate formulations, scale up and produce the compounds; dependence on collaborative parties; uncertainties associated with obtaining and enforcing patents and other intellectual property rights; clinical implementation and success; the lengthy and expensive regulatory approval process; compliance with regulatory and other legal requirements; competition from other products; uncertainty of broad adoption of its approved products, if any, by physicians and patients; significant competition; ability to manage third-party manufacturers, suppliers, contract research organizations, business partners and other alliances; and obtaining additional financing to fund the Company’s efforts.

The product candidates developed by the Company require approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales in the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions, respectively. There can be no assurance that the Company’s current and future product candidates will receive the necessary approvals. If the Company is denied approval or approval is delayed, it may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and its financial condition.

The Company expects to incur substantial operating losses for the next several years and will need to obtain additional financing in order to develop and, if successful, commercialize its product candidates. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available or will be at terms acceptable to the Company.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in a timely transaction with an independent counterparty in the principal market, or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. A three-tier hierarchy distinguishes between (1) inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs) and (2) inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or

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liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy is summarized in the three broad levels listed below:

Level 1—quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

Level 2—other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, interest rates, credit risk, etc.)

Level 3—significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities)

The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

	Level 1 (1)
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets:
Money market funds	$	13,643	$	29,182

____________

(1)    No assets as of each respective date were identified as Level 2 or 3 based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy. The Company had no financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of each respective date.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair values of each class of financial instrument disclosed herein:

Money Market Funds—The carrying amounts reported as cash and cash equivalents in the condensed consolidated balance sheets approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature and/or market rates of interest (Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy).

Revenue Recognition

The Company currently recognizes revenue primarily from licensing and royalty fees received under the Kaken Agreement described below, of which the terms of the agreement include non-refundable upfront fees, funding of research and development activities, payments based upon achievement of milestones, and royalties on net product sales.

In March 2015, the Company entered into a license, development, and commercialization agreement (as amended, the “Kaken Agreement”) with Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Kaken���). Under the Kaken Agreement, the Company granted to Kaken an exclusive right to develop, manufacture, and commercialize the Company’s sofpironium bromide compound in Japan and certain other Asian countries (the “Territory”). In exchange, Kaken paid the Company an upfront, non-refundable payment of $11.0 million (the “upfront fee”). In addition, the Company was entitled to receive aggregate payments of up to $10.0 million upon the achievement of specified development milestones, and $30.0 million upon the achievement of commercial milestones, as well as tiered royalties based on a percentage of net sales of licensed products in the Territory. The Kaken Agreement further provides that Kaken will be responsible for funding all development and commercial costs for the program in the Territory. Kaken was also required to enter into negotiations with the Company, to supply the Company, at cost, with clinical supplies to perform Phase 3 clinical trials in the U.S.

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In May 2018, the Company entered into an amendment to the Kaken Agreement, pursuant to which the Company received an upfront non-refundable fee of $15.6 million (the “Kaken R&D Payment”), which was initially recorded as deferred revenue, to provide the Company with research and development funds for the sole purpose of conducting certain clinical trials and other such research and development activities required to support the submission of a new drug application for sofpironium bromide. Upon receipt of the Kaken R&D Payment on May 31, 2018, a milestone payment originally due upon the first commercial sale in Japan was removed from the Kaken Agreement and all future royalties to the Company under the Kaken Agreement were reduced by 150 basis points. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $0.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively, related to the Kaken R&D Payment. The Kaken R&D Payment was recognized in full by the end of the third quarter of 2020.

The Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that it determines are within the scope of Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligations. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct and determines those that are performance obligations. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. To date, the Company has not received approval for any drug candidates from the FDA.

At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when or as the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the performance obligation to determine whether the performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

Licenses of Intellectual Property

If a license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer, and the customer can use and benefit from the license.

Milestones

At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments (variable consideration), the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the value of the associated milestone (such as a regulatory submission) is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the Company or the Company’s collaboration partner’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis, for which the Company recognizes revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-

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evaluates the probability of achievement of such development milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts the Company’s estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license, collaboration, and other revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment and future periods through the end of the performance obligation period. To date, Kaken has paid the Company $10.0 million in milestone payments under the Kaken Agreement.

Royalties

For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and for which the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Prior to November 2020, the Company had not recognized any royalty revenue from any collaboration arrangement. In September 2020, Kaken received regulatory approval in Japan to manufacture and market sofpironium bromide gel, 5% (ECCLOCK®) for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized royalty revenue earned on a percentage of net sales of ECCLOCK in Japan of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. No royalty revenue was recognized in the corresponding 2020 periods.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to expense when incurred and consist of costs incurred for independent and collaboration research and development activities. The major components of research and development costs include formulation development, clinical studies, clinical manufacturing costs, in-licensing fees for development-stage assets, salaries and employee benefits, toxicology studies, allocations of various overhead and occupancy costs. Research costs typically consist of applied research, preclinical, and toxicology work. Pharmaceutical manufacturing development costs consist of product formulation, chemical analysis, and the transfer and scale-up of manufacturing at contract manufacturers. Assets acquired (or in-licensed) that are utilized in research and development that have no alternative future use are expensed as incurred.

From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and can be reasonably estimated. The Company expects that contingencies related to regulatory approval milestones will only become probable once such regulatory outcome is achieved.

Clinical Trial Accruals

Expense accruals related to clinical trials are based on the Company’s estimates of services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and third-party clinical research organizations that conduct and manage clinical trials on the Company’s behalf. The financial terms of these agreements vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of patients and the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing costs, the Company estimates the period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period based upon patient enrollment, clinical site activations, or information provided to the Company by its vendors on their actual costs incurred. Any estimates of the level of services performed or the costs of these services could differ from actual results.

Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. When the effects are not anti-dilutive, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the Company’s net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the

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impact of all potentially dilutive common shares. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share, since the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

The following table sets forth the potential common shares excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:

	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2021	2020
Outstanding warrants		27,944,544	19,556,108
Outstanding options		7,089,524	4,743,537
Unvested restricted stock units		47,435	204,233
Total		35,081,503	24,503,878

Leases

The Company accounts for leases under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842 (“ASC 842”). Under ASC 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets, lease liabilities and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. The Company does not currently hold any financing leases. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of one year or less and not to separate lease components and non-lease components for long-term real estate leases. Lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As such, the Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate based on industry peers in determining the present value of lease payments. Industry peers consist of several public companies in the biotechnology industry with comparable characteristics. The Company’s facility operating lease has one single component. The lease component results in a right-of-use asset being recorded on the balance sheet, which is amortized as lease expense on a straight-line basis in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards has had or may have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

NOTE 3. ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Accrued compensation	$	1,255	$	1,369
Accrued contracted research and development services	1,242		3,733
Accrued professional fees	312		318
Total	$	2,809	$	5,420

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NOTE 4. NOTE PAYABLE

On April 15, 2020, the Company executed an unsecured promissory note to IberiaBank (the “PPP Loan”) pursuant to the U.S. Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under Division A, Title I of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The Company used the PPP Loan proceeds in the principal amount of $0.4 million and bearing interest at a fixed rate of 1.00% per annum to cover payroll costs and certain other permitted costs in accordance with the relevant terms and conditions of the CARES Act. In January 2021, the Company applied for forgiveness of the full amount of the PPP Loan, which was forgiven in full in June 2021. As a result, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.4 million in the condensed consolidated statements of operations within the line “Investment and other income, net.”

NOTE 5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Lease

In August 2016, the Company entered into a multi-year, noncancelable lease for its Colorado-based office space, which was amended in June 2021 to, among other things, extend the lease term to December 31, 2022 (as amended, the “Boulder Lease”). Under the terms of the Boulder Lease, the Company may, at its option, renew the Boulder Lease for 2 additional terms of three years each. Upon adoption of ASC 842 and subsequent modification of the Boulder Lease, the Company recognized a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability for the lease. Minimum base lease payments under the lease agreement are recognized on a straight-line basis over the full term of the lease. In addition to base rental payments included in the contractual obligations table below, the Company is responsible for its pro rata share of the operating expenses for the building, which includes common area maintenance, utilities, property taxes, and insurance. Operating lease cost for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $16 thousand and $23 thousand, respectively. Lease expense for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $0.1 million.

The following is a summary of the contractual obligations related to operating lease commitments as of September 30, 2021, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on the Company’s liquidity and cash flows in future periods (in thousands):

2021 (remaining three months)	$	5
2022	73
Total maturities	78
Less imputed interest	(5)
Present value of lease liability	$	73

License and Development Agreement with Voronoi

On August 27, 2021, the Company entered into a License and Development Agreement (the “Voronoi License Agreement”) with Voronoi Inc. (“Voronoi”), pursuant to which the Company acquired exclusive, worldwide rights to research, develop, and commercialize novel therapeutics generated from a proprietary DYRK1A inhibitor platform. In accordance with the terms of the Voronoi License Agreement, in exchange for the license rights, the Company made a one-time payment of $2.5 million in cash and issued $2.0 million, or 2,816,901 shares, of its common stock to Voronoi. As a result, the Company recorded $4.8 million in research and development expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

With respect to the first-generation compounds arising from the DYRK1A inhibitor platform, the Voronoi License Agreement provides that the Company will make payments to Voronoi of up to $211.0 million in the aggregate contingent upon achievement of specified development, regulatory, and commercial milestones. With

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respect to the second-generation compounds arising from the DYRK1A inhibitor platform, the Company will make payments to Voronoi of up to $107.5 million in the aggregate contingent upon achievement of specified development, regulatory, and commercial milestones. Further, the Voronoi License Agreement provides that the Company will pay Voronoi tiered royalty payments ranging from low single digits up to 10% of net sales of products arising from the DYRK1A inhibitor platform. All of the contingent payments and royalties are payable in cash except for $1.0 million of the development and regulatory milestone payments, which amount is payable in shares of the Company’s common stock. Under the terms of the Voronoi License Agreement, the Company will be responsible for, and bear the future costs of, worldwide development and commercialization of all the licensed compounds.

Amended and Restated License Agreement with Bodor

In February 2020, the Company, together with Brickell Subsidiary and Bodor Laboratories, Inc. and Dr. Nicholas S. Bodor (collectively, “Bodor”) entered into an amended and restated license agreement (the “Amended and Restated License Agreement”). The Amended and Restated License Agreement supersedes the License Agreement, dated December 15, 2012, entered into between Brickell Subsidiary and Bodor, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement, effective as of October 21, 2013, and Amendment No. 2 to License Agreement, effective as of March 31, 2015.

The Amended and Restated License Agreement retains with the Company a worldwide, exclusive license to develop, manufacture, market, sell, and sublicense products containing the proprietary compound sofpironium bromide based upon the patents referenced in the Amended and Restated License Agreement for a defined field of use. As of September 30, 2021, under the original License Agreement and the Amended and Restated License Agreement, the Company had remaining obligations to pay Bodor (i) a royalty on sales of product outside the Territory, including a low single-digit royalty on sales of certain product not covered by the patent estate licensed from Bodor; (ii) approximately 50 to 55% of all royalties the Company receives from Kaken for sales of product within the Territory; (iii) a percentage of non-royalty sublicensing income the Company receives from Kaken or other sublicensees; and (iv) up to an aggregate of $0.8 million (plus an additional $0.1 million for approvals of additional products) in cash payments and $1.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock upon the achievement of certain regulatory milestones.

Under the terms of the Amended and Restated License Agreement, the Company made a $0.5 million milestone payment to Bodor following the closing of a public offering in June 2020 and accrued an additional $1.0 million related to its plan to initiate its U.S. Phase 3 pivotal program in the fourth quarter of 2020. As a result, the Company recorded $1.5 million as research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. No similar or associated research and development expense was incurred in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021, but the Company paid Bodor the applicable amount with respect to the royalties it received from Kaken for sales of ECCLOCK in Japan during those periods.

NOTE 6. CAPITAL STOCK

Common Stock

On April 19, 2021, following approval by the Company’s stockholders, the Company filed an amendment to its amended and restated certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware that increased the number of the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, from 100,000,000 to 300,000,000. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote, and the holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and as declared or paid by its board of directors. The Company had reserved authorized shares of common stock for future issuance at September 30, 2021 as follows:

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	September 30, 2021
Common stock warrants	27,944,544
Common stock options outstanding	7,089,524
Shares available for grant under the Omnibus Plan	3,615,201
Shares available for grant under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	2,600,000
Unvested restricted stock units	47,435
Total	41,296,704

Public Offerings of Common Stock and Warrants

In July 2021, the Company completed a sale of 12,983,871 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $0.62 per share in an underwritten public offering (the “July 2021 Offering”). The July 2021 Offering resulted in net proceeds of approximately $7.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The Company is using the net proceeds from the July 2021 Offering for research and development, including clinical trials, working capital, and general corporate purposes.

In October 2020, the Company completed a sale of 19,003,510 shares of its common stock, and, to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,829,812 shares of its common stock, and accompanying common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 20,833,322 shares of its common stock (the “October 2020 Offering”). Each share of common stock and pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock was sold together with a common warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock. The public offering price of each share of the Company’s common stock and accompanying common warrant was $0.72 and $0.719 for each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant, respectively. The shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, and the accompanying common warrants, were issued separately and were immediately separable upon issuance. The common warrants are exercisable at a price of $0.72 per share of the Company’s common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The pre-funded warrants were exercised in October 2020 at an exercise price of $0.001 per share of the Company’s common stock. The October 2020 Offering resulted in net proceeds of approximately $13.7 million to the Company after deducting underwriting commissions and discounts and other offering expenses of $1.3 million and excluding the proceeds from the exercise of the warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 12,427,387 common warrants associated with the October 2020 Offering were exercised at a weighted-average exercise price of $0.72 per share, resulting in aggregate proceeds of approximately $8.9 million.

In June 2020, the Company completed a sale of 14,790,133 shares of its common stock, and, to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 2,709,867 shares of its common stock, and accompanying common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 17,500,000 shares of its common stock (the “June 2020 Offering”) (and together with the October 2020 Offering, the “2020 Offerings”). Each share of common stock and pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock was sold together with a common warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The public offering price of each share of common stock and accompanying common warrant was $1.15 and $1.149 for each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant, respectively. The shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, and the accompanying common warrants, were issued separately and were immediately separable upon issuance. The pre-funded warrants were exercised in the third quarter of 2020 at an exercise price of $0.001 per share of common stock. The common warrants were immediately exercisable at a price of $1.25 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The June 2020 Offering resulted in approximately $18.7 million of net proceeds to the Company after deducting underwriting commissions and discounts and other offering expenses of $1.4 million and excluding the proceeds from the exercise of the warrants. Certain officers of the Company participated in the June 2020 Offering by purchasing an aggregate purchase price of $0.2 million of the Company's common stock and warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 17,500 common

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warrants associated with the June 2020 Offering were exercised at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.25 per share, resulting in aggregate proceeds of approximately $22 thousand.

The Company is using the net proceeds from the 2020 Offerings for research and development, including clinical trials, working capital, and general corporate purposes.

At Market Issuance Sales Agreements

In March 2021, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2021 ATM Agreement”) with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (“Oppenheimer”) and William Blair & Company, L.L.C. (“William Blair”) as the Company’s sales agents (the “Agents”). Pursuant to the terms of the 2021 ATM Agreement, the Company may sell from time to time through the Agents shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. Such shares are issued pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-254037). Sales of the shares are made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on The Nasdaq Capital Market at market prices or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. Under the terms of the 2021 ATM Agreement, the Company may also sell the shares from time to time to an Agent as principal for its own account at a price to be agreed upon at the time of sale. Any sale of the shares to an Agent as principal would be pursuant to the terms of a separate placement notice between the Company and such Agent. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold 486,352 shares of common stock under the 2021 ATM Agreement at a weighted-average price of $0.86 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of $0.4 million, after giving effect to a 3% commission to the Agents. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold 4,449,828 shares of common stock under the 2021 ATM Agreement at a weighted-average price of $0.89 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of $3.8 million, after giving effect to a 3% commission to the Agents. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $46.0 million of shares of common stock were remaining, but had not yet been sold by the Company under the 2021 ATM Agreement.

In April 2020, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2020 ATM Agreement”) with Oppenheimer as the Company’s sales agent. Pursuant to the terms of the 2020 ATM Agreement, the Company may sell from time to time through Oppenheimer shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $8.0 million. Such shares are issued pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-236353). Sales of the shares are made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on The Nasdaq Capital Market at market prices or as otherwise agreed by the Company and Oppenheimer. Under the terms of the 2020 ATM Agreement, the Company may also sell the shares from time to time to Oppenheimer as principal for its own account at a price to be agreed upon at the time of sale. Any sale of the shares to Oppenheimer as principal would be pursuant to the terms of a separate placement notice between the Company and Oppenheimer. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, no sales of common stock under the 2020 ATM Agreement occurred. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold 1,089,048 shares of common stock under the 2020 ATM Agreement at a weighted-average price of $1.55 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.6 million, after giving effect to a 3% commission to Oppenheimer as agent. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $2.6 million of shares of common stock were remaining, but had not yet been sold by the Company under the 2020 ATM Agreement.

Private Placement Offerings

In February 2020, the Company and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) entered into (i) a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”); (ii) a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”); and (iii) a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park purchased, and the Company sold, (i) an aggregate of 950,000 shares of common stock (the “Common Shares”); (ii) a warrant to initially purchase an aggregate of up to 606,420 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “Series A Warrant”); and (iii) a

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warrant to initially purchase an aggregate of up to 1,556,420 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.16 per share (the “Series B Warrant,” and together with the Series A Warrant, the “Warrants”). The aggregate gross purchase price for the Common Shares and the Warrants was $2.0 million.

Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase, up to $28.0 million in the aggregate of shares of common stock. In order to retain maximum flexibility to issue and sell up to the maximum of $28.0 million of the Company’s common stock under the Purchase Agreement, the Company sought and, at its annual meeting on April 19, 2021, received, stockholder approval for the sale and issuance of common stock in connection with the Purchase Agreement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d). Sales of common stock by the Company will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s sole discretion, over the 36-month period commencing on August 14, 2020 (the “Commencement Date”).

Following the Commencement Date, under the Purchase Agreement, on any business day selected by the Company, the Company may direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 100,000 shares of common stock on such business day (each, a “Regular Purchase”), provided, however, that (i) the Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 125,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the common stock is not below $3.00 on the purchase date; and (ii) the Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 150,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the common stock is not below $5.00 on the purchase date. In each case, Lincoln Park’s maximum commitment in any single Regular Purchase may not exceed $1,000,000. The purchase price per share for each such Regular Purchase will be based on prevailing market prices of common stock immediately preceding the time of sale. In addition to Regular Purchases, the Company may direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional accelerated purchases if the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. In all instances, the Company may not sell shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of the outstanding shares of common stock. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold to Lincoln Park 500,000 shares under the Purchase Agreement at a weighted-average price of $0.81 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of $0.4 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold to Lincoln Park 1,300,000 shares under the Purchase Agreement at a weighted-average price of $0.81 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of $1.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $26.9 million of shares of common stock were remaining, but had not yet been sold by the Company under the Purchase Agreement.

The Company agreed with Lincoln Park that it will not enter into any “variable rate” transactions with any third party, subject to certain exceptions, for a period defined in the Purchase Agreement. The Company has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time, at no cost or penalty.

The Securities Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement, and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements, and conditions to completing future sale transactions, indemnification rights, and obligations of the parties.

Preferred Stock

Under the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Company’s board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, at its discretion, in one or more classes or series and to fix the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, and liquidation preferences, without further vote or action by the Company’s stockholders. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had no shares of preferred stock outstanding and had not designated the rights, preferences, or privileges of any class or series of preferred stock.

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NOTE 7. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Equity Incentive Plans

2020 Omnibus Plan

On April 20, 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2020 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”), which replaced, with respect to new award grants, the Company’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “2009 Plan”), and the Vical Equity Incentive Plan (the “Vical Plan”) (collectively, the “Prior Plans”) that were previously in effect. Following the approval of the Omnibus Plan on April 20, 2020, no additional grants will be made pursuant to the Prior Plans, but awards outstanding under those plans as of that date remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. On August 31, 2020 and April 19, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved increases in the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the Omnibus Plan by 4,500,000 and 4,000,000 shares, respectively, and as of September 30, 2021, 9,125,000 shares were authorized and 5,757,267 shares were subject to outstanding awards under the Omnibus Plan. As of September 30, 2021, 3,615,201 shares remained available for grant under the Omnibus Plan.

2009 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2009 Plan was replaced by the Omnibus Plan on April 20, 2020, and as a result, as of September 30, 2021, there were no remaining shares available for new grants under the 2009 Plan. However, as of September 30, 2021, 1,262,512 shares were subject to outstanding awards under the 2009 Plan, which awards remain outstanding in accordance with their terms.

Vical Equity Incentive Plan

In connection with the merger in 2019, the Company adopted the Vical Plan, which was replaced by the Omnibus Plan on April 20, 2020. As a result, as of September 30, 2021, there were no remaining shares available for new grants under the Vical Plan. However, as of September 30, 2021, 117,180 shares were subject to outstanding awards under the Vical Plan, which awards remain outstanding in accordance with their terms.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On April 19, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Brickell Biotech, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which had a first eligible purchase period commencing on July 1, 2021. The ESPP allows qualified employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lower of: (i) the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the applicable purchase period or (ii) the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day of the applicable purchase period. New six-month purchase periods begin each January 1 and July 1. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had 2,600,000 shares available for issuance under the ESPP.

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock-based compensation expense reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was allocated as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Research and development	$	161	$	98	$	358	$	270
General and administrative	616		455		1,309		1,139
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	777	$	553	$	1,667	$	1,409

NOTE 8. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Public Offering of Common Stock

In October 2021, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with William Blair, as representative of the several underwriters named in Schedule 1 thereto, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, in an underwritten public offering (the “October 2021 Offering”), 26,316,000 shares (the “Base Shares”) of the Company’s common stock. In addition, the underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase 3,947,400 additional shares of common stock on the same terms (the “Option Shares,” and together with the Base Shares, the “Shares”). The offering price to the public in the October 2021 Offering was $0.38 per Share, and the underwriters agreed to purchase the Shares from the Company pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement at a price of $0.3534 per Share, representing an underwriting discount of seven percent (7.0%). The October 2021 Offering resulted in net proceeds of approximately $8.9 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company anticipates using the net proceeds from the October 2021 Offering for research and development, including clinical trials, working capital, business development, and general corporate purposes.

The Underwriting Agreement also contains representations, warranties, indemnification, and other provisions customary for transactions of this nature. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company and its directors and officers agreed, for a period of 90 days, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, pledge, or otherwise dispose of the Company’s common stock and other of the Company’s securities that they beneficially own, including securities that are convertible into shares of common stock and securities that are exchangeable or exercisable for shares of common stock, without the prior written consent of William Blair.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We are a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company striving to transform patient lives by developing innovative and differentiated prescription therapeutics for the treatment of dermatologic, autoimmune, and other debilitating diseases. Our pipeline combines a potential best-in-class, late-stage program for the treatment of hyperhidrosis with a novel, cutting-edge platform and development-stage candidates with broad potential in autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders. Our executive management team and board of directors bring extensive experience in product development and global commercialization, having served in leadership roles at large global pharmaceutical companies and biotechs that have developed and/or launched successful products, including several that were first-in-class and/or achieved iconic status, such as Cialis®, Taltz®, Gemzar®, Prozac®, Cymbalta®, and Juvederm®. Our strategy is to leverage this experience to in-license, acquire, develop, and commercialize innovative pharmaceutical products that we believe can meaningfully benefit patients who are suffering from chronic, debilitating diseases that are underserved by available therapies.

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Hyperhidrosis Program

Sofpironium Bromide Overview

Sofpironium bromide is a new chemical entity that belongs to a class of medications called anticholinergics. Anticholinergics block the action of acetylcholine, a chemical that transmits signals within the nervous system that are responsible for a range of bodily functions, including activation of the sweat glands. Sofpironium bromide was retrometabolically designed. Retrometabolic drugs are designed to exert their action locally and are potentially rapidly metabolized into a less active form once absorbed into the blood. We have developed sofpironium bromide gel, 15% as a potential best-in-class, self-administered, once daily, topical therapy for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis, also known as excessive underarm sweating. Sofpironium bromide gel, 15% has completed a U.S. Phase 3 pivotal clinical program (also referred to as our “Cardigan Studies”) for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis, and sofpironium bromide gel, 5% is approved in Japan for the same indication under the brand name ECCLOCK®.

Hyperhidrosis is a debilitating, life-altering medical condition of sweating beyond what is physiologically required for thermoregulation of the body. Primary axillary hyperhidrosis is believed to be caused by an overactive cholinergic response of the sweat glands and affects an estimated 15.3 million, or 4.8%, of the U.S. population, and 12.76% of the population in Japan. According to a 2016 update on the prevalence and severity of hyperhidrosis in the U.S., axillary hyperhidrosis, which is the targeted first potential indication for sofpironium bromide, is the most common occurrence of hyperhidrosis, affecting approximately 65% of patients, or an estimated 10 million individuals, in the U.S.

U.S. Phase 3 Pivotal Cardigan Studies

Our U.S. Phase 3 pivotal clinical program for sofpironium bromide gel, 15% was comprised of two pivotal clinical studies. The Cardigan I and Cardigan II studies enrolled 350 subjects and 351 subjects, respectively, who were nine years of age and older with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. The Cardigan Studies were multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, vehicle (placebo)-controlled, evaluating the efficacy and safety of topically applied sofpironium bromide gel, 15%. Subjects applied sofpironium bromide gel, 15% or placebo to their underarms once daily at bedtime for six consecutive weeks, with a two-week post-treatment follow-up. The co-primary efficacy endpoints of the Cardigan Studies included the proportion of subjects achieving at least a 2-point improvement on the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Measure-Axillary© (HSDM-Ax) scale, a proprietary and validated patient-reported outcome measure, and change in gravimetric sweat production (“GSP”), each from baseline to end of treatment (“EOT”).

In October 2021, we reported positive topline results from both Cardigan Studies, which achieved statistical significance on all primary and secondary efficacy endpoints. In the Cardigan I and II Studies, sofpironium bromide gel, 15% was generally well-tolerated. We expect that the results from the Cardigan Studies, along with all previously completed clinical studies with sofpironium bromide, will form the basis of a prospective U.S. new drug application (“NDA”) for sofpironium bromide gel, 15%, which we anticipate submitting to the FDA in mid-2022.

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Cardigan Studies Efficacy Results*

All primary and secondary efficacy endpoints demonstrated statistically significant differences between sofpironium bromide gel, 15% (SB) and vehicle (or placebo), as follows:

	Cardigan I			Cardigan II
Co-Primary Efficacy Endpoints	SB (n=173)	Vehicle (n=177)	p-value	SB (n=180)	Vehicle (n=171)	p-value
•Proportion of subjects achieving at least a 2-point improvement in the HDSM-Ax score from baseline to EOT	49.3%	29.4%	p<0.001	63.9%	47.0%	p=0.003
•Change in GSP3 from baseline to EOT (in mg)	-129.5	-99.3	p=0.002	-145.9	-131.7	p=0.030

	Cardigan I			Cardigan II
Secondary Efficacy Endpoints	SB (n=173)	Vehicle (n=177)	p-value	SB (n=180)	Vehicle (n=171)	p-value
•Proportion of subjects achieving at least a 1-point improvement in the HDSM-Ax score from baseline to EOT	82.8%	69.5%	p=0.005	89.9%	80.8%	p=0.020
•Proportion of subjects achieving at least a 2‑point improvement in the HDSM-Ax score and at least a 70% reduction in GSP from baseline to EOT	32.1%	10.2%	p<0.0001	35.5%	21.4%	p=0.006
•Proportion of subjects achieving at least a 1‑point improvement in the HDSM-Ax score and at least a 50% reduction in GSP from baseline to EOT	54.3%	33.3%	p<0.001	68.7%	54.6%	p=0.014

* Intent-to-Treat analysis population

Cardigan Studies Safety Results

In the Cardigan Studies, sofpironium bromide gel, 15% was generally well-tolerated. The Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (“TEAEs”) were mild or moderate in severity and transient in nature. Overall, 89% of patients who were randomized to sofpironium gel, 15% in the studies completed the full six weeks of treatment. Common adverse events (incidence ≥2%) observed in the sofpironium bromide gel, 15% treatment group in the Cardigan I and II studies were dry mouth (11.6%, 17.2%), blurred vision (5.2%, 11.7%), application site pain (6.4%, 10.0%), application site erythema (5.2%, 7.8%), mydriasis (7.5%, 5.0%), application site pruritis (6.4%, 2.2%), application site dermatitis (5.8%, 5.6%), urinary retention (1.2%, 3.3%), application site irritation (1.2%, 3.3%), dry eye (0.6%, 3.3%), headache (1.2%, 2.2%), constipation (0.6%, 2.2%) and urinary hesitation (0.6%, 2.2%), respectively. Five (2.9%) and nine (5.0%) subjects who received sofpironium bromide gel, 15%, discontinued the Cardigan I and II studies, respectively, due to a TEAE. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported.

U.S. Phase 3 Open-Label Long-Term Safety Study

In July 2020, we completed our U.S. Phase 3 open-label long-term safety study (“LTSS”) evaluating the safety and efficacy of sofpironium bromide gel, 5% and 15% for 48 weeks of treatment in 300 patients aged nine years or older with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Patients were randomized to receive either sofpironium bromide gel, 5% or 15% in a 1:2 ratio. Subjects applied the assigned investigational product once daily at bedtime to

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both axillae for 48 weeks, followed by a four-week post-treatment follow-up. A total of 190 patients completed the full study duration of 52 weeks.

Overall, the safety, tolerability, and efficacy results for sofpironium bromide gel, 5% and 15% in the LTSS were consistent with prior clinical experience and no unexpected safety findings were observed. There were no clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters or vital signs over 48 weeks of treatment.

Collaboration with Kaken in Asia

Under our License, Development, and Commercialization Agreement with Kaken, dated March 31, 2015 (as amended, the “Kaken Agreement”), we and Kaken have completed multiple clinical trials of sofpironium bromide gel involving over 1,690 subjects in the U.S. and Japan. These trials evaluated the potential safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of sofpironium bromide gel in adult and pediatric patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis and healthy adult subjects.

In September 2020, Kaken received regulatory approval in Japan to manufacture and market sofpironium bromide gel, 5% under the brand name ECCLOCK for the once-daily treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Japan is the first country to approve sofpironium bromide, which also marks the first approval of a topical prescription product for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis in Japan. This approval was based on the results of Kaken’s Japanese pivotal Phase 3 registration study of sofpironium bromide gel, 5% in 281 patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis.

In November 2020, Kaken launched commercial sales of ECCLOCK in Japan. This marked the first commercialization of sofpironium bromide for any indication worldwide. Under the Kaken Agreement, we are entitled to receive commercial milestone payments, as well as tiered royalties based on a percentage of net sales of ECCLOCK in Japan. As a result, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, we have recognized royalty revenue earned on a percentage of net sales of ECCLOCK in Japan. To help ensure patient safety, Japanese law generally restricts new pharmaceutical products to 14-day prescriptions for one year from the first day of the month that government-approved pricing for the product to be launched is listed. This means that in the first year of launch, patients must return to see their prescribing physician in person to obtain a refill lasting another two weeks in duration. In addition to Japan, Kaken has rights to develop and commercialize sofpironium bromide in South Korea, China, and certain other Asian countries, and we are entitled to receive royalties based on a percentage of Kaken’s net sales in these countries.

In June 2021, Kaken initiated a Japanese Phase 1 clinical study to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of sofpironium bromide gel in patients with primary palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, or excessive sweating from the palms and soles, for which there are currently no approved topical prescription treatment options in Japan (or anywhere else in the world).

Together with Kaken, we were granted by the Japanese Patent Office a composition of matter patent with claims directed to the novel polymorphic, or crystalline, forms of sofpironium bromide that are being commercialized by Kaken in Japan and would be by us in the U.S. subject to our own ongoing development efforts. This patent is expected to provide additional protection for these newly developed and distinct forms in certain countries around the world, including Japan, potentially through at least 2040.

DYRK1A Inhibitor Platform

Development of DYRK1A Inhibitors

On August 27, 2021, we entered into a License and Development Agreement (the “Voronoi License Agreement”) with Voronoi Inc. (“Voronoi”), pursuant to which we acquired exclusive, worldwide rights to research, develop, and commercialize novel therapeutics generated from a proprietary DYRK1A inhibitor

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platform. These novel DYRK1A inhibitors aim to restore immune balance in patients whose immune system has become dysregulated. Based on the promising preclinical efficacy data generated to date on these novel DYRK1A inhibitor programs, we believe this platform has the potential to offer first-in-class, new and potent therapies across a wide array of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

The initial lead program that we expect to advance is BBI-02, a Phase 1-ready, highly selective, and orally bioavailable DYRK1A inhibitor that has demonstrated promising results in various preclinical models, including atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. In these models, BBI-02 showed encouraging decreases in disease severity and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to current standard-of-care agents, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologics. Notably, many current therapies for autoimmune disorders are broadly immunosuppressant, which may lead to severe side effects, such as increased infection risk. In contrast, preclinical data have shown BBI-02 to drive regulatory T-cell differentiation while dampening pro-inflammatory TH17 cells and MyD88/IRAK4-related signaling pathways. Regulatory T cells serve to maintain tolerance and keep the autoreactive, pro-inflammatory T cells in check, thus inhibiting autoimmune disease and limiting chronic inflammation. The myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (“MyD88”) protein is normally spliced into a long form and a short form. DYRK1A inhibition shifts the balance to produce more MyD88 short form, which leads to IRAK4, a protein kinase involved in signaling immune responses from toll-like receptors, not being phosphorylated and so appears to deactivate downstream cascades of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. Based on current understanding, this inhibition of the release of excess cytokines can be achieved by re-establishing the role of MyD88 short form as a negative regulator of this pathway. Unlike many existing therapies, as well as those currently being investigated, BBI-02 may have the ability to target both the adaptive and innate immune imbalance simultaneously, potentially resulting in, or substantially achieving, restoration of immune homeostasis that, if proven, would represent a paradigm shift in the treatment of certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

We intend to progress BBI-02 into a Phase 1 clinical study in Canada in the first half of 2022, with topline results expected by the end of 2022. In addition, throughout 2022 we expect to conduct formulation development activities for BBI-03, a topically applied preclinical DYRK1A inhibitor, and to select and initiate development of a lead next-generation candidate from the platform for the potential treatment of neuroinflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases.

BBI-02 and BBI-03 are covered by a composition of matter patent issued in the U.S., Japan, China, and other key countries through at least 2038, subject to patent term extensions that may be available depending on how these early-stage assets are developed, as well as pending applications for this and other patents elsewhere.

Significant Financing and Licensing Arrangements

Public Offerings of Common Stock and Warrants

In October 2021, we completed the sale of 26,316,000 shares of our common stock (the “October 2021 Offering”). The October 2021 Offering resulted in net proceeds of approximately $8.9 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses payable by us. In addition, the underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase 3,947,400 additional shares of common stock on the same terms. We anticipate using the net proceeds from the October 2021 Offering for research and development, including clinical trials, working capital, business development, and general corporate purposes. Pursuant to the October 2021 Offering, we and our directors and officers agreed, for a period of 90 days, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, pledge, or otherwise dispose of our common stock and other of our securities that we or they beneficially own, including securities that are convertible into shares of common stock and securities that are exchangeable or exercisable for shares of common stock, without the prior written consent of William Blair & Company, L.L.C. (“William Blair”).

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In July 2021, we completed the sale of 12,983,871 shares of our common stock (the “July 2021 Offering”). The July 2021 Offering resulted in net proceeds of approximately $7.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We are using the net proceeds from the July 2021 Offering for research and development, including clinical trials, working capital, and general corporate purposes.

In October 2020, we completed the sale of 19,003,510 shares of our common stock, and, to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,829,812 shares of our common stock, and accompanying common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 20,833,322 shares of our common stock (the “October 2020 Offering”). The October 2020 Offering resulted in net proceeds of approximately $13.7 million to us after deducting underwriting commissions and discounts and other offering expenses of $1.3 million and excluding the proceeds from the exercise of the warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 12,427,387 common warrants associated with the October 2020 Offering were exercised at a weighted-average exercise price of $0.72 per share, resulting in aggregate proceeds of approximately $8.9 million.

In June 2020, we completed the sale of 14,790,133 shares of our common stock, and, to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 2,709,867 shares of our common stock, and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 17,500,000 shares of our common stock (the “June 2020 Offering”) (and together with the October 2020 Offering, the “2020 Offerings”). The June 2020 Offering resulted in approximately $18.7 million of net proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions and discounts and other offering expenses of $1.4 million and excluding the proceeds from the exercise of the warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 17,500 common warrants associated with the June 2020 Offering were exercised at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.25 per share, resulting in aggregate proceeds of approximately $22 thousand.

We are using the proceeds from the 2020 Offerings for research and development, including clinical trials, working capital, and general corporate purposes. For additional information regarding the 2020 Offerings, see Note 6. “Capital Stock” of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.

At Market Issuance Sales Agreements

In March 2021, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2021 ATM Agreement”) with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (“Oppenheimer”) and William Blair as our sales agents (the “Agents”). Pursuant to the terms of the 2021 ATM Agreement, we may sell from time to time through the Agents shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. Such shares are issued pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-254037). Sales of shares are made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on The Nasdaq Capital Market at market prices or as otherwise agreed by us and the Agents. Under the terms of the 2021 ATM Agreement, we may also sell the shares from time to time to an Agent as principal for its own account at a price to be agreed upon at the time of sale. Any sale of the shares to an Agent as principal would be pursuant to the terms of a separate placement notice between us and such Agent. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we sold 4,449,828 shares under the 2021 ATM Agreement at a weighted-average price of $0.89 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of $3.8 million, after giving effect to a 3% commission to the Agents. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $46.0 million of shares of common stock were remaining, but had not yet been sold under the 2021 ATM Agreement.

In April 2020, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2020 ATM Agreement” and, together with the 2021 ATM Agreement, the “ATM Agreements”) with Oppenheimer as our sales agent. Pursuant to the terms of the 2020 ATM Agreement, we may sell from time to time through Oppenheimer shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $8.0 million. Such shares are issued pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-236353). Sales of the shares are made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on The Nasdaq Capital Market at market prices or as otherwise agreed by us and Oppenheimer. Under the terms of the 2020 ATM Agreement, we may also sell the shares from time

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to time to Oppenheimer as principal for its own account at a price to be agreed upon at the time of sale. Any sale of the shares to Oppenheimer as principal would be pursuant to the terms of a separate placement notice between us and Oppenheimer. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we sold 1,089,048 shares under the 2020 ATM Agreement at a weighted-average price of $1.55 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.6 million, after giving effect to a 3% commission to Oppenheimer as agent. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $2.6 million of shares of common stock were remaining, but had not yet been sold under the 2020 ATM Agreement.

Private Placement Offerings

In February 2020, we and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) entered into (i) a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”); (ii) a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”); and (iii) a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park purchased, and we sold, (i) an aggregate of 950,000 shares of common stock (the “Common Shares”), (ii) a warrant to initially purchase an aggregate of up to 606,420 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “Series A Warrant”), and (iii) a warrant to initially purchase an aggregate of up to 1,556,420 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.16 per share (the “Series B Warrant” and, together with the Series A Warrant, the “Warrants”). The aggregate gross purchase price for the Common Shares and the Warrants was $2.0 million.

Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase, up to $28.0 million in the aggregate of shares of our common stock. In order to retain maximum flexibility to issue and sell up to the maximum of $28.0 million of our common stock under the Purchase Agreement, we sought and, at our annual meeting on April 19, 2021, received, stockholder approval for the sale and issuance of common stock in connection with the Purchase Agreement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d). Sales of common stock by us will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at our sole discretion, over the 36-month period commencing on August 14, 2020 (the “Commencement Date”).

Following the Commencement Date, under the Purchase Agreement, on any business day selected by us, we may direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 100,000 shares of our common stock on such business day (each, a “Regular Purchase”), provided, however, that (i) the Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 125,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the common stock is not below $3.00 on the purchase date; and (ii) the Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 150,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the common stock is not below $5.00 on the purchase date. In each case, Lincoln Park’s maximum commitment in any single Regular Purchase may not exceed $1,000,000. The purchase price per share for each such Regular Purchase will be based on prevailing market prices of common stock immediately preceding the time of sale. In addition to Regular Purchases, we may direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional accelerated purchases if the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. In all instances, we may not sell shares of our common stock to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we sold to Lincoln Park 1,300,000 shares under the Purchase Agreement at a weighted-average price of $0.81 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of $1.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $26.9 million of shares of common stock were remaining, but had not yet been sold under the Purchase Agreement.

We agreed with Lincoln Park that we will not enter into any “variable rate” transactions with any third party, subject to certain exceptions, for a period defined in the Purchase Agreement. We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time, at no cost or penalty.

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License and Development Agreement with Voronoi

On August 27, 2021, we entered into the Voronoi License Agreement with Voronoi, pursuant to which we acquired exclusive, worldwide rights to research, develop, and commercialize novel therapeutics generated from a proprietary DYRK1A inhibitor platform. In accordance with the terms of the Voronoi License Agreement, in exchange for the license rights, we made a one-time payment of $2.5 million in cash and issued $2.0 million, or 2,816,901 shares, of our common stock to Voronoi. As a result, we recorded $4.8 million in research and development expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

With respect to the first-generation compounds arising from the DYRK1A inhibitor platform, the Voronoi License Agreement provides that we will make payments to Voronoi of up to $211.0 million in the aggregate contingent upon achievement of specified development, regulatory, and commercial milestones. With respect to the second-generation compounds arising from the DYRK1A inhibitor platform, we will make payments to Voronoi of up to $107.5 million in the aggregate contingent upon achievement of specified development, regulatory, and commercial milestones. Further, the Voronoi License Agreement provides that we will pay Voronoi tiered royalty payments ranging from low single digits up to 10% of net sales of products arising from the DYRK1A inhibitor platform. All of the contingent payments and royalties are payable in cash except for $1.0 million of the development and regulatory milestone payments, which amount is payable in shares of our common stock. Under the terms of the Voronoi License Agreement, we will be responsible for, and bear the future costs of, worldwide development and commercialization of all the licensed compounds.

Amended and Restated License Agreement with Bodor

In February 2020, we, together with Brickell Subsidiary and Bodor Laboratories, Inc. and Dr. Nicholas S. Bodor (collectively, “Bodor”) entered into an amended and restated license agreement (the “Amended and Restated License Agreement”), which supersedes the License Agreement, dated December 15, 2012, entered into between Brickell Subsidiary and Bodor, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement, effective as of October 21, 2013, and Amendment No. 2 to License Agreement, effective as of March 31, 2015.

The Amended and Restated License Agreement retains with us a worldwide, exclusive license to develop, manufacture, market, sell and sublicense products containing the proprietary compound sofpironium bromide based upon the patents referenced in the Amended and Restated License Agreement for a defined field of use. As of September 30, 2021, under the original License Agreement and the Amended and Restated License Agreement, we had remaining obligations to pay Bodor (i) a royalty on sales of product outside Kaken’s territory, including a low single-digit royalty on sales of certain product not covered by the patent estate licensed from Bodor; (ii) approximately 50 to 55% of all royalties we receive from Kaken for sales of product within its territory; (iii) a percentage of non-royalty sublicensing income we receive from Kaken or other sublicensees; and (iv) up to an aggregate of $0.8 million (plus an additional $0.1 million for approvals of additional products) in cash payments and $1.0 million of shares of our common stock upon the achievement of certain regulatory milestones.

Under the terms of the Amended and Restated License Agreement, we made a $0.5 million milestone payment to Bodor following the closing of a public offering in June 2020 and accrued an additional $1.0 million related to our plan to initiate our U.S. Phase 3 pivotal program in the fourth quarter of 2020. As a result, we recorded $1.5 million as research and development expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. No similar or associated research and development expense was incurred in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021, but we paid Bodor the applicable amount with respect to the royalties we received from Kaken for sales of ECCLOCK in Japan during those periods.

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Financial Overview

Our operations to date have been limited to business planning, raising capital, developing our pipeline assets (in particular sofpironium bromide), identifying and in-licensing product candidates, conducting clinical trials, and other research and development activities.

To date, we have financed operations primarily through funds received from the sale of common stock and warrants, convertible preferred stock, debt and convertible notes, payments received under license and collaboration agreements, and cash and investments acquired in connection with the merger pursuant to which Private Brickell became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brickell Biotech, Inc. (formerly Vical Incorporated) in 2019 (the “Merger”). Other than through our sublicense of rights to sofpironium bromide to Kaken in Japan, we do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any product sales. Since inception, we have incurred operating losses. We recorded a net loss of $33.4 million and $13.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $139.3 million. We expect to continue incurring significant expenses and operating losses for at least the next several years as we:

•    prepare and submit an NDA for sofpironium bromide gel, 15% to the FDA;

•    conduct certain pre-commercialization activities related to sofpironium bromide gel, 15%;

•    initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial for BBI-02;

•    advance research and development-related activities to develop and expand our product pipeline;

•    maintain, expand, and protect our intellectual property portfolio for all our assets;

•    hire additional staff, including clinical, regulatory, quality, alliance management, scientific, and management personnel; and

•    add operational and finance personnel to support product and business development efforts and to support operating as a public company.

We do not expect to generate significant revenue unless and until we successfully complete development of, obtain marketing approval for, and commercialize product candidates, either alone or in collaboration with third parties. We expect these activities may take several years and our success in these efforts is subject to significant uncertainty. We expect we will need to raise substantial additional capital prior to the regulatory approval and commercialization of any of our product candidates. Until such time, if ever, that we generate substantial product revenues, we expect to finance our operations through public or private equity or debt financings, collaborations or licenses, or other available financing transactions. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds through these or other means when needed.

Key Components of Operations

Revenue

Revenue generally consists of revenue recognized under our strategic collaboration agreements for the development and commercialization of our product candidates. Our strategic collaboration agreements generally outline overall development plans and include payments we receive at signing, payments for the achievement of certain milestones, and royalties. For these activities and payments, we utilize judgment to assess the nature of the performance obligations to determine whether the performance obligations are satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. Prior to 2020, we had not recognized any royalty revenue from any collaboration arrangement. Beginning during the three months ended December 31, 2020, and continuing in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, pursuant to the Kaken Agreement, we recognized royalty revenue earned on a percentage of net sales of ECCLOCK in Japan, and we expect to continue to recognize such royalties going forward. Other than the revenue we may generate in connection with this agreement, we do not expect to generate any revenue

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from any product candidates that we develop unless and until we obtain regulatory approval and commercialize our products or enter into other collaboration agreements with third parties.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses principally consist of payments to third parties known as CROs and upfront in-licensing fees of development-stage assets. CROs help plan, organize, and conduct clinical and nonclinical studies under our direction. Personnel costs, including wages, benefits, and share-based compensation, related to our research and development staff in support of product development activities are also included, as well as costs incurred for supplies, preclinical studies and toxicology tests, consultants, and facility and related overhead costs.

Below is a summary of our research and development expenses related to sofpironium bromide and our DYRK1A inhibitor platform by categories of costs for the periods presented. To date, the expenses associated with our DYRK1A inhibitor platform primarily relate to upfront in-licensing fees. The other expenses category includes travel, lab and office supplies, clinical trial management software, license fees, and other miscellaneous expenses. We expect our research and development expenses related to sofpironium bromide to decrease in future periods given the end of our Phase 3 clinical trials for sofpironium bromide. In the upcoming quarters, we expect to incur research and development expense related to our DYRK1A inhibitor platform and programs as we initiate our Phase 1 clinical trial for BBI-02 and begin other research and development-related activities, though at levels consistent with expenditures for development of early-stage assets.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Direct program expenses related to
Sofpironium bromide	$	4,185	$	409	$	17,735	$	4,140
DYRK1A inhibitor platform	4,827		—		4,827		—
Personnel and other expenses
Salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation	637		758		1,573		2,233
Regulatory and compliance	513		79		884		137
Other expenses	60		35		93		147
Total research and development expenses	$	10,222	$	1,281	$	25,112	$	6,657

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including wages, benefits, and share-based compensation, related to our executive, sales, marketing, finance, and human resources personnel, as well as professional fees, including legal, accounting, and sublicensing fees.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net consists primarily of a gain on extinguishment of debt recognized in June 2021 as a result of the forgiveness of an outstanding loan that we received under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”). Other income, net also consists of interest income, interest expense, and various income or expense

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items of a non-recurring nature. We earn interest income from interest-bearing accounts and money market funds. Interest expense is comprised of interest incurred related to a note payable. Our interest income varies each reporting period depending on our average cash balances during the period and market interest rates. We expect interest income to fluctuate in the future with changes in average cash balances and market interest rates.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have prepared the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and related disclosures at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its critical estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, accrued research and development expenses, warrants, and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on our historical experience and on assumptions that we believe are reasonable; however, actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There were no changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in the 2020 Form 10-K. For information on our significant accounting policies, please refer to Note 2 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Unless otherwise discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we believe that the impact of recently issued guidance to be adopted in the future is not expected to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	132	$	142
Research and development expenses	(10,222)		(1,281)
General and administrative expenses	(3,269)		(3,211)
Total other income, net	106		24
Net loss	$	(13,253)	$	(4,326)

Revenue

Revenue decreased by $10.0 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. Revenue in 2021 consisted of royalty revenue recognized related to sales of ECCLOCK in Japan by Kaken, while revenue in 2020 was driven by collaboration revenue recognized for research and development activities under the Kaken Agreement pursuant to which Kaken provided research and development funding to us. The decrease in collaboration revenue recognized was primarily attributable to our Phase 3 open-label long-term safety study of sofpironium bromide gel and other ancillary clinical studies that were concluded or winding down by the end of the first quarter of 2020. Conducting these studies was the basis for revenue recognition over time, through the third quarter of 2020, of a $15.6 million research and

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development payment received from Kaken in the second quarter of 2018. Beginning during the three months ended December 31, 2020, and continuing in 2021, pursuant to the Kaken Agreement, we recognized royalty revenue earned on a percentage of net sales of ECCLOCK in Japan, and we expect to continue to recognize such royalties on Kaken’s net sales going forward.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased by $8.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was primarily due to a $4.8 million expense recorded related to the upfront payment in cash and shares of our common stock under the Voronoi License Agreement and an increase of $3.8 million in clinical costs related to our U.S. Phase 3 pivotal clinical program for sofpironium bromide.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020, remaining generally consistent with the comparable period.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2021		2020
		(in thousands)
Revenue		$	300	$	1,795
Research and development expenses		(25,112)		(6,657)
General and administrative expenses		(9,127)		(8,713)
Total other income, net		532		27
Net loss		$	(33,407)	$	(13,548)

Revenue

Revenue decreased by $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Revenue in 2021 consisted of royalty revenue recognized related to sales of ECCLOCK in Japan by Kaken, while revenue in 2020 was driven by collaboration revenue recognized for research and development activities under the Kaken Agreement pursuant to which Kaken provided research and development funding to us. The decrease in collaboration revenue recognized was primarily attributable to our Phase 3 open-label long-term safety study of sofpironium bromide gel and other ancillary clinical studies that were concluded or winding down by the end of the first quarter of 2020. Conducting these studies was the basis for revenue recognition over time, through the third quarter of 2020, of a $15.6 million research and development payment received from Kaken in the second quarter of 2018. Beginning in late 2020, and continuing in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, pursuant to the Kaken Agreement, we recognized royalty revenue earned on a percentage of net sales of ECCLOCK in Japan, and we expect to continue to recognize such royalties on Kaken’s net sales going forward.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased by $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was primarily due to an increase of $13.6 million in clinical costs related to our U.S. Phase 3 pivotal clinical program for sofpironium bromide and

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a $4.8 million expense recorded related to the upfront payment in cash and shares of our common stock under the Voronoi License Agreement.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation and administrative expenses.

Total Other Income, Net

Total other income, net increased by $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.4 million that resulted from the forgiveness of the PPP Loan in June 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred significant operating losses and have an accumulated deficit as a result of ongoing efforts to in-license and develop our product candidates, including conducting preclinical and clinical trials and providing general and administrative support for these operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we had a net loss of $33.4 million and $13.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $139.3 million. As of September 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21.4 million compared to $30.1 million as of December 31, 2020. Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily through funds received from the sale of common stock and warrants, convertible preferred stock, debt, and convertible notes, payments received under license and collaboration agreements, and cash and investments acquired in the Merger.

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2021, combined with the net proceeds of $8.9 million received from the sale of our common stock in a public offering in October 2021, will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months, through the potential sofpironium bromide NDA to the FDA, which is expected to occur in mid-2022, as well as the receipt of the Phase 1 topline results for BBI-02, which are anticipated by year-end 2022. We expect to continue to incur additional substantial losses in the foreseeable future as a result of our research and development activities. Additional funding will be required in the future to continue with our planned development and other activities.

Cash Flows

Since inception, we have primarily used our available cash to fund expenditures related to product discovery and development activities. The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(31,350)	$	(15,283)
Investing activities	(36)		4,500
Financing activities	22,654		23,725
Total	$	(8,732)	$	12,942

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Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities of $31.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased compared to $15.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was primarily attributable to an increase in cash used to support our operating activities, including but not limited to, our clinical trials, an increase in research and development activities, and general working capital requirements. The $16.1 million increase was impacted by an increase in net loss of $19.9 million, partially offset by the net effect of changes in working capital of $2.0 million and an increase in non-cash operating expenses of $1.8 million, which primarily consisted of $2.0 million in expense for the issuance of our common stock under the Voronoi License Agreement and a $0.4 million gain on extinguishment of the PPP Loan.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased by $4.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in net cash provided by investing activities was primarily the result of a $4.5 million reduction in maturities of marketable securities.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $22.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased compared to $23.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily related to a reduction of $11.3 million in net proceeds from offerings of common stock and warrants and $0.4 million in proceeds received from the PPP Loan, which was partially offset by higher net proceeds received of $8.9 million from the exercise of warrants and $1.8 million in sales of our common stock under the ATM Agreements and the Purchase Agreement.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and are not required to provide the information under this item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on this evaluation, our

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principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2021.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management has determined that there were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our Company, nor is any such litigation threatened as of the date of this filing.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business, financial condition, and operating results may be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below. Any one or more of such factors could directly or indirectly cause our actual results of operations and financial condition to vary materially from past or anticipated future results of operations and financial condition. Any of these factors, in whole or in part, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price. The following information should be read in conjunction with Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (Unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report.

Risks Related to Our Business Operations

Our business depends on the successful continued financing, clinical development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of our pipeline assets.

The successful development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of our pipeline assets, which include sofpironium bromide, require significant additional financing and depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to the following:

•timely and successful completion of clinical trials for our product candidate portfolio, which may be significantly costlier than we currently anticipate, especially in a pandemic, and/or produce results that do not achieve the endpoints of the trials or which are ultimately deemed not to be clinically meaningful;

•whether we are required by the FDA or similar foreign regulatory agencies to conduct additional clinical trials beyond the recently completed U.S. Phase 3 pivotal clinical program to support the approval and commercialization of sofpironium bromide;

•achieving and maintaining, and, where applicable, ensuring that our third-party contractors achieve and maintain, compliance with our and their contractual obligations and with all regulatory and legal requirements applicable to them and to our pipeline assets;

•ability of third parties with which we contract to manufacture consistently adequate commercial supplies of sofpironium bromide or potential clinical trial supplies for development of our pipeline assets, to remain in good standing with regulatory agencies and to develop, validate, and maintain or supervise commercially viable manufacturing processes that are compliant with FDA-regulated current good manufacturing practices and other requirements, to hire and retain a sufficient and qualified workforce, and to manage their own supply chain to comply with their contractual obligations to us, which supply chains and workforce availability have been constrained during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

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•a continued acceptable safety and tolerability profile during clinical development of our pipeline assets and especially following any commercial approval of sofpironium bromide;

•ability to obtain favorable labeling for sofpironium bromide through regulators that allows for successful commercialization, given the drug may be marketed only to the extent approved by these regulatory authorities (unlike with most other industries);

•ability to commercialize sofpironium bromide successfully in the U.S. and outside Japan, if approved for marketing, sale, and distribution in such countries and territories, whether alone or in collaboration with Kaken or others;

•ability of Kaken to commercialize sofpironium bromide successfully in Japan now that it has been approved and is being marketed;

•acceptance by physicians, insurers and payors, and patients of the quality, benefits, safety, and efficacy of our pipeline assets, if and where approved, including relative to alternative and competing treatments and the next best standard of care;

•existence of a regulatory, pricing and reimbursement, and legal environment conducive to the success of sofpironium bromide and our other pipeline assets;

•ability to price our pipeline assets to recover our development costs and generate a satisfactory profit margin;

•our ability and our partners’ ability to establish and enforce intellectual property rights in and to sofpironium bromide and our other pipeline assets, including but not limited to patents, regulatory exclusivity rights, trademarks, copyrights, and licenses; and

•our ability to raise capital to commercialize sofpironium bromide, which will be limited if our common stock price does not appreciate.

If we do not achieve one or more of these factors, many of which are beyond our reasonable control, in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability to obtain regulatory approvals or commercialize sofpironium bromide or our other pipeline assets. Although we anticipate submitting an NDA for sofpironium bromide gel, 15% to the FDA in mid-2022, there can be no assurance that it will receive the necessary approvals. If approval is denied or delayed, it would have a material adverse impact on us.

Even if regulatory approvals are obtained, we may never be able to successfully commercialize sofpironium bromide or any of our other pipeline assets. Accordingly, we cannot assure that we will be able to generate sufficient revenue through the sale of sofpironium bromide, or any other asset, to continue our business.

Clinical drug development for sofpironium bromide and our other pipeline assets is expensive, time-consuming, and uncertain.

Clinical development for sofpironium bromide and our other pipeline assets is expensive, time-consuming, difficult to design and implement, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Most product candidates that commence clinical trials are never approved by regulatory authorities for commercialization, and of those that are approved, many do not cover their costs of development or ever generate a profit. In addition, we, any partner with which we currently or may in the future collaborate, the FDA, a local or central institutional review board, or other regulatory authorities, including state and local agencies and counterpart agencies in foreign countries, may suspend, delay, extend, require modifications, or add additional requirements to or terminate our clinical trials at any time.

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In the case of sofpironium bromide, we are seeking to deliver sufficient concentrations of API, absorbed from the skin surface through the skin barrier to the targeted dermal tissue to achieve the intended therapeutic effect, in this case treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. The topical route of administration may involve new dosage forms, which can be difficult to develop and manufacture and may raise novel regulatory issues and result in development or review delays or inability to get the investigational drug approved for use.

The rest of our pipeline for autoimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases is still too early in clinical development to know whether they will progress past Phase 1 clinical trials.

We currently do not have in place a commercial supply agreement with Kaken or any other party and our inability to execute one in a timely manner could have a material adverse impact on our business even if sofpironium bromide is approved for use by the FDA in the U.S.

At this time, we do not have a commercial supply agreement for drug substance and product components for sofpironium bromide with Kaken or other suppliers, and we may not be able to enter into such an agreement with acceptable terms, on a timely basis, or at all. Our inability to enter into an adequate commercial supply agreement at the right time for sofpironium bromide for the U.S. and other markets outside of Japan and certain other Asian countries would materially impact our business.

Kaken substantially controls the development and commercialization of sofpironium bromide in Japan and certain other Asian countries and may make decisions regarding product development, regulatory strategy, and commercialization that may not be in our best interests. Kaken may be unable to secure an appropriate local business partner (if desirable) and/or obtain approval of the drug in the ex-Japan Asian markets over which it has rights.

The Kaken Agreement granted Kaken an exclusive license in Japan and certain rights to additional Asian countries to develop and commercialize sofpironium bromide. Under the terms of the Kaken Agreement, as amended, we received an upfront payment, development milestones, and research and development payments and have received and are eligible to receive future milestones and royalties based on a percentage of net sales.

Kaken has final decision-making authority for the overall regulatory, development, and commercialization strategy for sofpironium bromide, market access activities, pricing and reimbursement activities, promotion, distribution, packaging, sales, and safety and pharmacovigilance in Japan and certain other Asian countries. In exercising its final decision-making authority in such territories, Kaken may make decisions regarding product development or regulatory strategy based on its determination of how best to preserve and extend regulatory approvals in these territories for sofpironium bromide, which may delay or prevent achieving regulatory approval for sofpironium bromide in Kaken’s territories, as well as by us in the U.S. and the other territories where we maintain exclusive rights. Additionally, Kaken is responsible for conducting certain API-related activities (chemistry, manufacturing, and controls) that will be required for FDA approval in the U.S., and as a result, we are reliant on Kaken to execute successfully, in a timely, compliant, and efficient manner, such activities on our behalf. To the extent Kaken experiences delays and/or difficulties in performing its development activities, this could prevent or cause substantial delays in our ability to seek approval for sofpironium bromide gel in the U.S. and other territories in which we maintain exclusive rights.

In September 2020, Kaken received approval of an NDA in Japan for the manufacturing and marketing of sofpironium bromide gel, 5% under the brand name ECCLOCK for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis, and in November 2020, Kaken launched commercial sales of ECCLOCK in Japan. Beginning in January 2021, Kaken would have paid us royalties on net sales, but instead offset amounts we owed Kaken under a Clinical Supply Agreement that we entered into with Kaken in July 2019, which offsets were completed in the second quarter of 2021, after we fully paid the remaining amounts we owed Kaken. Despite Kaken receiving regulatory approval and commencing commercial activities in Japan, we cannot provide any assurance that an NDA in any other Asian markets will be approved or that regulatory approvals in other Asian countries

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will occur. We will not receive additional milestone or other payments from Kaken if Kaken does not continue to be successful in its development, regulatory, or commercial activities, if the approval is withdrawn for any reason, or if Kaken is unable to maintain an adequate price for ECCLOCK in Japan.

If we or any partners with which we may collaborate to market and sell sofpironium bromide are unable to achieve and maintain medical insurance coverage and adequate levels of reimbursement for this late-stage compound following its regulatory approval and usage by patients, our commercial success may be hindered severely. Kaken may not be able to maintain adequate pricing in Japan for sofpironium bromide given that country’s more restrictive price controls than the U.S.

If sofpironium bromide only becomes available by prescription, successful sales by us or by any partners with which we collaborate may depend on managed care approvals and the availability of adequate reimbursement from third-party payors, as patients would then be forced to pay for the drug out-of-pocket if coverage and associated reimbursement are denied. Patients who are prescribed medicine for the treatment of their conditions generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the costs associated with their prescription drugs. The availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement from governmental healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S., and private third-party payors is often critical to new product acceptance regardless of how well the product works. Coverage decisions may depend on clinical and economic standards that disfavor new drug products when more established or lower-cost therapeutic alternatives are already available or subsequently become available, even if these alternatives are not as safe and effective or may be affected by the budgets and demands on the various entities responsible for providing health insurance to patients who will use sofpironium bromide. If insurers and payors decide that hyperhidrosis itself is not a disease they are willing to extend coverage to, which could happen if they only think the treatment improves quality of life, then coverage and reimbursement for sofpironium bromide may be denied, or at least severely restricted. In this case, patients would be forced to pay for sofpironium bromide out-of-pocket for cash, which they may not be willing or able to do. Even if we obtain coverage for sofpironium bromide, the resulting reimbursement payment rates might not be adequate or may require co-payments that patients find unacceptably high. Patients may not use sofpironium bromide unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of sofpironium bromide.

In addition, the market for sofpironium bromide will depend significantly on access to third-party payors’ drug formularies or lists of medications for which third-party payors provide coverage and reimbursement. The industry competition to be included in such formularies often leads to downward pricing pressures on pharmaceutical companies and there may be time limitations on when a new drug may even be eligible for formulary inclusion. Also, third-party payors may refuse to include sofpironium bromide in their formularies or otherwise restrict patient access to sofpironium bromide when a less costly generic equivalent or other treatment alternative is available in the discretion of the formulary.

Third-party payors, whether foreign or domestic, or governmental or commercial, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In the U.S., although private third-party payors tend to follow Medicare and Medicaid practices, no uniform or consistent policy of coverage and reimbursement for drug products exists among third-party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for drug products can differ significantly from payor to payor as well as state to state. Consequently, the coverage determination process is often uncertain and a time-consuming and costly process that must be played out across many jurisdictions and different entities and which will require us to provide scientific, clinical, and health economics support for the use of sofpironium bromide compared to current alternatives and do so to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained and in what amount or time frame.

Further, we believe that future coverage and reimbursement likely will be subject to increased restrictions both in the U.S. and in international markets, potentially based on changes in law and/or payor practices. Third-party

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coverage and reimbursement for sofpironium bromide may not be available or adequate in either the U.S. or international markets, which could harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

After receiving regulatory approval in 2020 for ECCLOCK from Japanese regulators, Kaken applied for and received pricing approval in Japan, which is required by law to do before selling. On November 18, 2020, ECCLOCK was placed on Japan’s National Health Insurance drug reimbursement price list. To curb increasing healthcare expenditures, Japanese regulators require a biennial drug price review process. The nature of this review is highly regulated, with downward pricing pressures, and could adversely impact the pricing of ECCLOCK over time in Japan and the resulting royalties payable to us. If Kaken is unable to maintain the current price for ECCLOCK, or is unable to increase the price in future years, this would have a negative impact on sales in Japan.

Even if sofpironium bromide obtains regulatory approval outside Japan, and despite our partner Kaken launching the drug as ECCLOCK in Japan in 2020, it may fail to achieve the broad degree of physician and patient adoption and use necessary for commercial success.

The commercial success of sofpironium bromide, if and as approved, will depend significantly on the broad adoption and use of it by physicians and patients for approved indications, and may not be commercially successful even though the drug is shown to be safe and effective. The degree and rate of physician and patient adoption of sofpironium bromide, if approved, especially in the U.S., will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to:

•patient demand for approved products that treat hyperhidrosis;

•our ability to market and sell the drug, including through direct-to-consumer advertising and non-traditional sales strategies;

•our ability to manage the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic to supply/manufacture sofpironium bromide commercially, and otherwise market and sell sofpironium bromide while the pandemic continues in effect, and the short- and long-term consequences of such pandemic if and as certain markets improve;

•the safety and effectiveness of sofpironium bromide, and ease of use, compared to other available hyperhidrosis therapies, whether approved or used by physicians off-label;

•the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement from managed care plans and other healthcare payors for sofpironium bromide;

•the cost of treatment with sofpironium bromide in relation to alternative hyperhidrosis treatments and willingness to pay for sofpironium bromide, if approved, on the part of patients;

•overcoming physician or patient biases toward particular therapies for the treatment of hyperhidrosis and achieving acceptance by physicians, major operators of clinics and patients of sofpironium bromide as a safe, effective, and economical hyperhidrosis treatment;

•patients’ perception of hyperhidrosis as a disease and one for which medical treatment may be appropriate and a prescription therapy may be available;

•insurers’ and physicians’ willingness to see hyperhidrosis as a disease worth treating and for which reimbursement will be made available for treatment, or, if limited or no reimbursement is available, the degree to which patients will be willing to purchase sofpironium bromide treatment out-of-pocket;

•proper administration of sofpironium bromide;

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•patient satisfaction with the results and administration of sofpironium bromide and overall treatment experience;

•limitations or contraindications, warnings, precautions, or approved indications for use different than those sought by us that are contained in any final FDA-approved labeling for sofpironium bromide;

•any FDA requirement to undertake a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or results from any post-marketing surveillance studies that FDA may require as a condition of product approval;

•the effectiveness of our sales, marketing, pricing, reimbursement and access, government affairs, legal, medical, public relations, compliance, chemistry, manufacturing and controls, and distribution efforts;

•adverse publicity about sofpironium bromide or favorable publicity about competitive products;

•new government regulations and programs, including price controls and/or public or private institutional limits or prohibitions on ways to commercialize drugs, such as increased scrutiny on direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals or restrictions on sales representatives to market pharmaceuticals; and

•potential product liability claims or other product-related litigation or litigation related to licensing and or other commercial matters associated with sofpironium bromide.

If sofpironium bromide is approved for use but fails to achieve the broad degree of physician and patient adoption necessary for commercial success, or our stock price does not increase to adequate levels to allow for financing of a commercial launch and we are unable to secure necessary funds from other sources, then our operating results and financial condition will be adversely affected, which may delay, prevent, or limit our ability to generate revenue and continue our business.

Major public health issues, and specifically the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19 and COVID-19 variants, and the impact as certain markets emerge from the pandemic, especially in terms of constraints on supply chains and human resource availability, and different degrees of success various countries experience in rolling out their vaccine campaigns, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations and other aspects of our business and that of our suppliers, contractors, and business partners.

The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business and operating results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19 variants and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others, and even as or after the pandemic subsides, how long it takes for global supply chains to handle the pent-up demand for goods and services and the shutdowns associated around the world with those supply chains, and worker eagerness to return to the workforce and/or change employment patterns.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could delay or interrupt our business operations. Ongoing materials required for an eventual NDA for submission to the FDA, study monitoring, and data analysis may be paused or delayed due to changes in hospital or university policies, federal, state, or local regulations, prioritization of hospital resources toward pandemic efforts, worker and supplier patterns, or other reasons related to, or as a consequence of, the pandemic. Some participants and clinical investigators may not be able to comply with clinical trial protocols. For example, quarantines or other travel limitations (whether voluntary or required) may impede participant movement, affect sponsor access to study sites, or interrupt healthcare services, and we may be unable to complete our clinical trials. Further, if our operations are adversely impacted, we risk a delay, default, and/or nonperformance under existing agreements, which may increase our costs. These cost increases may not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance. Infections and deaths related to the pandemic may disrupt the U.S.’ and other countries’ healthcare and healthcare regulatory systems. Such disruptions could

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divert healthcare resources away from, or materially delay FDA or other regulatory review and/or approval with respect to, our clinical trials. It is unknown how long these disruptions could continue, were they to occur. Any elongation or de-prioritization of our clinical trials or delay in regulatory review resulting from such disruptions could materially affect the development and study of our product candidates.

We currently rely on third parties, such as contract laboratories, contract research organizations, medical institutions, and clinical investigators to conduct studies and clinical trials for our pipeline assets. If these third parties themselves are adversely impacted by restrictions or disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we will likely experience delays, and/or realize additional costs. As a result, our efforts to obtain regulatory approvals for, and to commercialize, our therapeutic candidates may be delayed or otherwise adversely impacted.

The spread of COVID-19, which has caused a broad impact globally, including restrictions on travel and quarantine policies put into place by businesses and governments, negative supply chain impacts, and worker unavailability, may have a material economic effect on our business. While the potential economic impact brought by, and the duration of, the pandemic may be difficult to assess or predict, it has already caused, and is likely to result in further, significant disruption of global financial and distribution markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital either at all or on favorable terms. In addition, a recession, depression, or other sustained adverse market event resulting from the spread of COVID-19 could materially and adversely affect our business and the value of our common stock.

The ultimate impact of the current pandemic, or any other health epidemic, is highly uncertain and subject to change. We cannot predict the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our business and that of our key partners like Kaken, our clinical trials, our research programs, healthcare systems, or the global economy as a whole. However, these effects could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Sofpironium bromide, where approved, will face significant competition and its failure to compete effectively may prevent it from achieving significant market penetration.

The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by rapidly advancing technologies, intense competition, less effective patent terms, and a strong emphasis on developing newer, fast-to-market proprietary therapeutics. Numerous companies are engaged in the development, patenting, manufacturing, and marketing of healthcare products competitive with those that we are developing, including sofpironium bromide. We face competition from a number of sources, such as pharmaceutical companies, generic drug companies, biotechnology companies, and academic and research institutions, many of which have greater financial resources, marketing capabilities, sales forces, manufacturing capabilities, research and development capabilities, regulatory expertise, clinical trial expertise, intellectual property portfolios, more international reach, experience in obtaining patents and regulatory approvals for product candidates and other resources than us. Some of the companies that offer competing products also have a broad range of other product offerings, large direct sales forces, and long-term customer relationships with our target physicians, which could inhibit our market penetration efforts. In addition, sofpironium bromide, where approved, may compete with other dermatological products, including over-the-counter (“OTC”) treatments, for a share of some patients’, or payors’, discretionary budgets and for physicians’ attention within their clinical practices.

We anticipate that sofpironium bromide would compete with other therapies currently used for hyperhidrosis, including but not limited to:

•Self-Administered Treatments. Self-administered treatments, such as OTC and prescription topical antiperspirants, and Qbrexza® (glycopyrronium) 2.4% topical cloth. Oral and compounded topical anticholinergics also may be used off-label.

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•Non-Surgical Office-Based Procedures. Office-based procedures have been approved by the FDA for certain uses and which may be used, on-or off-label, to treat hyperhidrosis, including intradermal injections of BOTOX®, marketed by Allergan plc, and MiraDry®, a microwave-based treatment marketed by Miramar Labs, Inc.

•Surgical Treatments. Surgical treatments include techniques for the removal of sweat glands, such as excision, curettage, and liposuction. Surgical procedures, such as endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, are also used to destroy nerves that transmit activating signals to sweat glands.

To compete successfully in this market, we will have to provide an attractive and cost-effective alternative to these existing and other new therapies. Such competition could lead to reduced market share for sofpironium bromide and contribute to downward pressure on the pricing of sofpironium bromide, which could harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

In some international markets, due to different regulatory requirements than in the U.S., there may be more dermatological products available for use than in the U.S., and there may be fewer limitations on the claims that our competitors can make about the effectiveness of their products and the manner in which they can market them. As a result, we could face more competition in these markets than in the U.S.

We may face generic competition for sofpironium bromide, which could expose us to litigation or adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Upon expiration of patent protection (including applicable extensions) in the U.S. (and any other countries where patent coverage exists, such as Japan) for sofpironium bromide, we could lose a significant portion of then-existing sales of sofpironium bromide in a short period of time from generic competition, which would reduce existing sales and could expose us to litigation, adversely affecting our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects. Further, other therapies used for hyperhidrosis that would compete with sofpironium bromide could lose their patent protection at any time, increasing the risk of generic competition, which could reduce existing sales and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Additionally, we could face what is known as a paragraph IV filing as part of a generic drug manufacturer’s abbreviated new drug application (“ANDA”). ANDAs allow generic drug manufacturers to gain approval for generic drugs without completing their own costly clinical trials by showing that the generic form shares “bio-equivalence” with the branded drug (in this example, sofpironium bromide) under patent protection. In a paragraph IV filing, the applicant asserts that the patent they are targeting is (i) invalid, (ii) not infringed by their product, or (iii) not enforceable as written. Once an ANDA is filed, the patent holder has a defined period in which to respond and bring a counterclaim against the generic drug manufacturer if it wishes to challenge the filing. Should we be subject to a paragraph IV filing for sofpironium bromide, we could lose our existing patent protection for sofpironium bromide significantly earlier than expected, which would have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

If CROs and other third parties do not meet our requirements or otherwise conduct clinical trials for our pipeline assets as required or are unable to staff or supply our trials, we may not be able to satisfy our contractual obligations or obtain regulatory approval for, or commercialize, our pipeline assets at all or in the time frames currently planned for.

We have in the past relied, and expect to continue to rely, on third-party CROs to conduct and oversee our clinical trials for pipeline assets and other aspects of product development. We also rely on various medical institutions, clinical investigators, and contract laboratories to conduct our trials in accordance with our clinical protocols and all applicable regulatory requirements, including the FDA’s regulations and good clinical practice (“GCP”) requirements, which are an international standard meant to protect the rights and health of patients and

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to define the roles of clinical trial sponsors, administrators and monitors, and state regulations governing the handling, storage, security and recordkeeping for drug and biologic products. These CROs and other third parties play a significant role in the conduct of these trials and the subsequent collection and analysis of data from the clinical trials. We rely heavily on these parties for the execution of our clinical trials and preclinical studies and control only certain aspects of their activities. We and our CROs and other third-party contractors are required to comply with GCP and current good laboratory practice (“GLP”) requirements, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCP and GLP requirements through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators, and trial sites. If we or any of these third parties fail to comply with applicable GCP and GLP requirements, or reveal noncompliance from an audit or inspection, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or other regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our or our partners’ marketing applications. We cannot assure that upon inspection by a given regulatory authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical or preclinical trials comply with applicable GCP and GLP requirements, or that our CROs and other third-party contractors are otherwise compliant with applicable laws despite their contractual assurances to us. In addition, our clinical trials generally must be conducted with product produced under Current Good Manufacturing Practice (“cGMP”) regulations. Our failure, or the failure by our CROs and other third-party contractors, to comply with these regulations and policies, or to obtain supply of key items in sufficient quantities, in a timely manner or at all, may require us to extend or repeat clinical trials, which would delay or halt the regulatory approval process, or could cause us to fail to meet certain contractual obligations, including but not limited to milestone commitments, with licensors of our portfolio assets like Bodor and Voronoi.

If any of our CROs or clinical trial sites terminate their involvement in one of our clinical trials for any reason, including but not limited to impacts caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or clinical trial sites, or do so on commercially reasonable terms, and in a satisfactory timeframe. If our relationship with clinical trial sites is terminated, we may experience the loss of follow-up information on patients enrolled in our clinical trials unless we are able to transfer the care of those patients to another qualified clinical trial site. In addition, principal investigators for our clinical trials may serve as scientific advisors or consultants to us from time to time and could receive cash or equity compensation in connection with such services. If these relationships and any related compensation result in perceived or actual conflicts of interest, the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical trial site may be questioned by the FDA.

We currently have limited marketing capabilities and no sales organization. If we are unable to generate adequate financing, establish sales and marketing capabilities on our own or through third parties, or are delayed in establishing these capabilities, we will be unable to successfully commercialize our product candidates, if approved, or generate meaningful product revenue.

We currently have limited marketing capabilities and no sales organization and limited cash runway. To commercialize our product candidates, if approved, in the U.S., Australia, Canada, the European Union, Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and other jurisdictions we seek to enter, we must continue to obtain additional financing, build our marketing, sales, distribution, managerial, and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services, and we may not be successful in doing any of these. Although our employees have experience in the marketing, sale, and distribution of pharmaceutical products, and business development activities involving external alliances, from prior employment at other companies, we as a company have no prior experience in the commercial launch, marketing, sale, and distribution of pharmaceutical products, and there are significant risks involved in building and managing a sales organization, including our ability to fund costs and expenses of a sales organization and its activities, hire, retain, and incentivize qualified individuals, generate sufficient sales leads, or contract for a sales force and in either case, provide adequate training to sales and marketing personnel, and effectively manage a geographically dispersed sales and marketing team so they operate in an effective and compliant way. Any failure or delay in the development of our internal (or external contracted-for) sales, marketing, distribution, and

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pricing/reimbursement/access capabilities would impact adversely the commercialization of these products. In addition, we may need more than one approved and marketed product to sustain employing an internal salesforce.

To commercialize sofpironium bromide in the rest of the world, we may be able to leverage the current (and only) regulatory approval in Japan and/or commercial infrastructure of our partner, Kaken, which will provide us with resources and expertise in certain areas that are greater than we could initially provide ourselves. We may choose to collaborate with additional third parties in various countries, including the U.S., that have direct sales forces, commercial and regulatory capacities, and established distribution systems, either to augment our own sales force and distribution systems or in lieu of our own sales force and distribution systems. We may not have sufficient financial resources to enter into and pay for such arrangements, and/or we may not be able to find adequate business partners in these other countries. If we are unable to enter into such arrangements on acceptable terms or at all, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. The inability to commercialize successfully our product candidates, either on our own or through collaborations with one or more third parties, would harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures, illegal stock trading or manipulation by external parties, cyber-attacks, or a deficiency in or exploitation of our cyber-security.

We rely on cloud-based software to provide the functionality necessary to operate our company, utilizing what is known as “software as a service” (“SaaS”). SaaS allows users like us to connect to and use cloud-based applications over the Internet, such as email, calendaring, and office tools. SaaS provides us with a complete software solution that we purchase on a subscription basis from a cloud service provider. Despite our efforts to protect confidential and sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure across all our platforms, and similar efforts by our cloud service provider(s) and our other third-party contractors, consultants and vendors, whether information technology (“IT”) providers or otherwise, including but not limited to our CROs, law firms, accountants, and even the government regulators who we rely on to advance our business, this information, and the systems used to store and transmit it, are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, computer hacking or breaches, natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, terrorism, war, labor unrest, and telecommunication and electrical failures. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusion, or other illegal acts, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber-terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity, and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Other emerging threats we face include: phishing, account takeover attacks, data breach or theft (no matter where the data are stored), loss of control, especially in SaaS applications, over which users have access to what data and level of access, new malware, zero-day threats, and threats within our own organization. In addition, and probably exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and increased remote working arrangements, malicious cyber actors may increase malware and ransom campaigns and phishing emails targeting teleworkers as well as company systems, preying on the uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 or other world trends and events, which exposes us to additional cybersecurity risks, or may try to illegally obtain inside information to manipulate our stock price. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, or substantial manipulation of our stock price, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs and our business operations. In addition, since we sponsor clinical trials, any breach that compromises patient data and identities, thereby causing a breach of privacy, could generate significant reputational damage and legal liabilities and costs to recover and repair, including affecting trust in us to recruit for future clinical trials. For example, the loss or theft of clinical trial data from completed, ongoing, or future clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts, stock manipulation, and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our data or applications or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability or suffer from stock price volatility or decline, and the further development and commercialization of our products and product candidates could be delayed.

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We may be adversely affected by natural disasters and other catastrophic events and by man-made problems such as war or terrorism or labor disruptions that could disrupt our business operations, and our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not adequately protect us from a serious disaster.

Our corporate office is located in Boulder, Colorado, near a major flood and blizzard zone and in an area prone to wildfires. If a disaster, power outage, or other event occurred that prevented us from using all or a significant portion of our office, that damaged critical infrastructure, or that otherwise disrupted operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible for us to continue our business for a period of time. Our contract manufacturers’ and suppliers’ facilities are located in multiple locations where other natural disasters or similar events, such as tornadoes, earthquakes, storms, fires, explosions or large-scale accidents or power outages, could severely disrupt our operations, could expose us to liability and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects. All of the aforementioned risks may be further increased if we do not implement a disaster recovery plan or our partners’ or manufacturers’ disaster recovery plans prove to be inadequate.

Risks Related to Our Liquidity, Financial Matters, and Our Common Stock

We will need to raise substantial additional financing in the future to fund our operations, which may not be available to us on favorable terms or at all.

We will require substantial additional funds to develop and, if successful, commercialize our product candidates. Our future capital requirements will depend upon a number of factors, including but not limited to: the number and timing of future product candidates in the pipeline; progress with and results from preclinical testing and clinical trials; the ability to manufacture sufficient drug supplies to complete preclinical and clinical trials; the costs involved in preparing, filing, acquiring, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent and other intellectual property claims; compliance with our material contracts including the licensing agreements for sofpironium bromide and our autoimmune and neuroinflammatory portfolio; the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals and favorable reimbursement or formulary acceptance for such product candidates; and overall stock market conditions, global business trends, our stock price performance, and our ability to generate funding under these and other conditions.

Raising additional capital may be costly or difficult to obtain and could significantly dilute stockholders’ ownership interests or inhibit our ability to achieve our business objectives. If we raise additional funds through public or private equity offerings, the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Further, to the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of common stock or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, our stockholders’ ownership interests in our company will be diluted. In addition, any debt financing may subject us to fixed payment obligations and covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends. If we raise additional capital through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances, or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish certain valuable intellectual property or other rights to our product candidates, technologies, future revenue streams or research programs or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us in one or more countries.

Our ability to raise additional funds is uncertain and is limited given our small market capitalization and current stock price. Even if sufficient funding is available, there can be no assurance that it will be available on terms acceptable to us or our stockholders.

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Our operating results and liquidity needs could be affected negatively by global market fluctuations and economic downturns.

Our operating results and liquidity could be affected negatively by global economic conditions generally, both in the U.S. and elsewhere around the world, including but not limited to that related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and global IT threats. The market for discretionary pharmaceutical products, medical devices, and procedures may be particularly vulnerable to unfavorable economic or other conditions. Some patients may consider sofpironium bromide as discretionary, and if full reimbursement for the product is not available, demand for the product may be tied to the discretionary, out-of-pocket cash-spending levels of our targeted patient populations. Domestic and international equity and debt markets have experienced and may in the future experience heightened volatility and turmoil based on domestic and international economic conditions and concerns. In the event these economic conditions and concerns continue or worsen and the markets again become volatile, or a bear market ensues in the U.S. stock market, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or other stimulus, our operating results and liquidity could be affected adversely by those factors in many ways, including weakening demand for sofpironium bromide, making it more difficult for us to raise funds if necessary, and our stock price may decline.

Our stock price and volume of shares traded have been and may continue to be highly volatile, and our common stock may continue to be illiquid.

The market price of our common stock has been subject to significant fluctuations, including after reporting positive topline results of our U.S. Phase 3 pivotal clinical program for sofpironium bromide. The closing price of our common stock fluctuated from $4.69 per share as of September 3, 2019, the first trading date of our operating as a publicly-traded company, to $0.399 per share as of October 28, 2021. Market prices for securities of biotechnology and other life sciences companies historically have been particularly volatile and subject even to large daily price swings. In addition, there has been limited liquidity in the trading market for our securities, which may adversely affect stockholders. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to continue to fluctuate include, but are not limited to:

•negative reaction by stockholders concerned about our ability to obtain sufficient funds to commercialize sofpironium bromide, if it is approved, given the positive results of the Phase 3 pivotal clinical program;

•our need for additional potential financings to raise funds to commercialize our pipeline assets, which could result in significant additional share dilution;

•material developments in, or the conclusion of, any litigation to enforce or defend any intellectual property rights or defend against the intellectual property rights of others;

•our inability to increase our share price to at least $1.00 per share for the frequency and duration required by The Nasdaq Capital Market to stay listed on this stock exchange and the impact that this lower price may have on investors, including our inability to address the remedial conditions laid out by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) in our current notice of non-compliance in this regard;

•the entry into, or termination of, or breach by us or our partners of material agreements, including key commercial partner or licensing agreements, including the Kaken and/or Voronoi Agreements;

•our ability to obtain timely regulatory approvals for sofpironium bromide or future product candidates, and delays or failures to obtain such approvals;

•failure of sofpironium bromide, if approved in the U.S., to achieve commercial success;

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•issues in manufacturing or the supply chain for sofpironium bromide or future product candidates;

•the results of any future clinical trials of sofpironium bromide or our other pipeline assets;

•failure of other product candidates, if approved, to achieve commercial success;

•announcements of any dilutive equity financings;

•announcements by commercial partners or competitors of new commercial products, clinical progress or the lack thereof, significant contracts, commercial relationships, or capital commitments;

•the introduction of technological innovations or new therapies or formulations that compete with sofpironium bromide or our other pipeline assets;

•lack of commercial success of competitive products or products treating the same or similar indications;

•failure to elicit meaningful stock analyst coverage and downgrades of our stock by analysts, or to obtain more institutional shareholders; and

•the loss of key employees and/or inability to recruit the necessary talent for new positions or to replace exiting employees.

Moreover, the stock markets in general have experienced substantial volatility in our industry, especially for microcap biotechnology companies, and such volatility has often been unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies or a certain industry segment, such as the ongoing reaction of global markets to the COVID-19 pandemic and other economic disruptions or concerns. These broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, shareholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our profitability and reputation and could expose us to liability or impact negatively our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations.

Our operations to date have been limited primarily to business planning, raising capital, developing our pipeline assets (in particular sofpironium bromide), identifying and in-licensing product candidates, conducting clinical trials, and other research and development activities. Consequently, any predictions about our future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history or approved products on the market. Our revenue and profitability will depend on development funding for our product portfolio, the achievement of sales milestones and royalties under the Kaken Agreement, our ability to satisfy the development and regulatory milestones under the Voronoi Agreement, as well as our ability to do the same with regard to any potential future collaboration and license agreements, overall sales of sofpironium bromide and any future products, if approved, and our ability to maintain all of our product licenses. Any upfront and milestone payments either owed by or to us may vary significantly from product to product, period to period, and country to country, and any such variance could cause a significant fluctuation in our operating results from one period to the next. In addition, we measure compensation cost for stock-based awards made to employees at the grant date of the award, based on the fair value of the award, and recognize the cost as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period. As the variables that we use as a basis for valuing these awards change

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over time, including our underlying stock price and stock price volatility, the magnitude of the expense that we must recognize may vary significantly. Furthermore, our operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of other factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict.

We are a “smaller reporting company” and the reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies may make our common stock less attractive to some investors.

We qualify as a “smaller reporting company” under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. As a smaller reporting company, we are entitled to rely on certain exemptions and reduced disclosure requirements, such as simplified executive compensation disclosures and reduced financial statement disclosure requirements, in our SEC filings. These exemptions and decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our common stock price may be more volatile.

If the holders of our company’s stock options and warrants exercise their rights to purchase our common stock, the ownership of our stockholders will be diluted.

If the holders of our outstanding stock options and warrants exercise their rights to acquire our common stock and service conditions related to restricted stock units are met, the percentage ownership of our stockholders existing prior to the exercise of such rights will be diluted. As of September 30, 2021, we had outstanding warrants to purchase (i) one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.07 per share; (ii) 490,683 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.36 per share; (iii) 9,005 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $33.31 per share; (iv) 1,556,420 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.16 per share; (v) 17,482,500 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.25 per share; and (vi) 8,405,935 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.72 per share. As of September 30, 2021, we also had 7,089,524 options issued and outstanding to purchase our common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.21 per share and 47,435 shares of common stock underlying unvested restricted stock units outstanding.

We may not be able to access the full amounts available under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, which could prevent us from accessing the capital we need to continue our operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

On February 17, 2020, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which Lincoln Park agreed to purchase from us up to an aggregate of $28.0 million of our common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 36-month period commencing on August 14, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $26.9 million of shares of common stock were remaining, but had not yet been sold, under the Purchase Agreement. All remaining funds available under the Purchase Agreement are subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the Purchase Agreement, including that our common stock remains listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, the effectiveness of a registration statement relating to the resale of the shares to be sold to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement and that no event of default has occurred under the Purchase Agreement. Additionally, depending upon the prevailing market price of our common stock, we may not be able to sell shares to Lincoln Park if such a sale would result in us issuing to Lincoln Park more than 9.99% of our shares outstanding prior to entering into the Purchase Agreement. In the event that we are unable to satisfy the conditions specified, the purchase commitment made by Lincoln Park will be unavailable to us and Lincoln Park will not be required to purchase any shares of our common stock. If obtaining funding from Lincoln Park were to prove unavailable, we will need to secure other sources of funding in order to continue with our proposed development activities and launch and commercialize any product candidates for which we receive regulatory approval. Additionally, even if we are able to sell all shares under the Purchase Agreement, we will still need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating, and development plans.

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Our failure to maintain compliance with Nasdaq continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. On June 17, 2021, we received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq informing us that because the closing bid price for our common stock listed on Nasdaq was below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, we were not in compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Rule”). In accordance with Nasdaq’s listing rules, we have a period of 180 calendar days, or until December 13, 2021, to regain compliance with the Rule. If at any time during this 180-day period, the closing bid price of our common stock is at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide written confirmation that we have achieved compliance with the Rule.

The notice also disclosed that in the event we do not regain compliance with the Rule by December 13, 2021, we may be eligible for additional time. To qualify for additional time, we would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and would need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. If we meet these requirements, Nasdaq will inform us that we have been granted an additional 180 calendar days. However, if it appears to Nasdaq that we will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if we are otherwise not eligible, Nasdaq will provide notice that our securities will be subject to delisting. We intend to continue to monitor the bid price for our common stock between now and December 13, 2021, and will consider available options to resolve the deficiency and regain compliance with the Rule, including seeking stockholder approval of a reverse split of our common stock in order to increase the trading price of our common stock in compliance with The Nasdaq Capital Market rules. There is no assurance, however, that we will be eligible for an additional compliance period or that our common stock will not be delisted from Nasdaq.

The perception among investors that we are at a heightened risk of delisting could negatively affect the market price and trading volume of our common stock. If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, the delisting could: substantially decrease trading in our common stock; adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws; adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future on acceptable terms, if at all; result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, partners, and employees and fewer business development opportunities; and result in limited news and analyst coverage. Additionally, the market price of our common stock may decline further, and shareholders may lose some or all of their investment.

We do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.

Our current expectation is that we will retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our shares will be your sole source of gain, if any, for the foreseeable future.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax assets to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $420.8 million of federal and $382.7 million of state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards available to offset future taxable income, of which $91.8 million will carryforward indefinitely and the remainder expiring in varying amounts beginning in 2021 for federal and state purposes if unused. Utilization of these NOLs depends on many factors, including our future income, which cannot be assured. Under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts (“Tax Act”), U.S. federal NOLs incurred in 2018 and

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later years may be carried forward indefinitely, but our ability to utilize such U.S. federal NOLs to offset taxable income is limited to 80% of the current-year taxable income. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states within the U.S. will conform to the Tax Act. In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and corresponding provisions of state law, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change” (which is generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage points change (by value) in its equity ownership over a rolling three-year period), the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. We have not determined whether we have experienced Section 382 ownership changes in the past and if a portion of our NOLs is therefore subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. Therefore, we cannot provide any assurance that a change in ownership within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and corresponding provisions of state law has not occurred in the past, and there is a risk that changes in ownership could have occurred. We may experience ownership changes as a result of subsequent changes in our stock ownership, as a result of offerings of our stock or subsequent shifts in our stock ownership, some of which may be outside of our control. In that case, the ability to use NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income will be limited following any such ownership change and could be eliminated. If eliminated, the related asset would be removed from the deferred tax asset schedule with a corresponding reduction in the valuation allowance on our financial statements.

Risks Related to Legal, Regulatory, and Compliance Matters

We may never obtain regulatory approval to commercialize any of our product candidates in the U.S., or anywhere else in the world other than Japan, and any products approved for sale will be subject to continued regulatory review and compliance obligations and there could be further restrictions on post-approval activities, including commercialization efforts. In obtaining regulatory approval, we will need to negotiate an appropriate product label (aka package insert) with the regulators, which will determine the extent of our allowed promotional activities, and this label could be restrictive or prohibitory with regard to subject matter we believe is necessary to maximize the commercial success of sofpironium bromide.

The research, testing, manufacturing, safety surveillance, efficacy, quality assurance and control, recordkeeping, labeling, packaging, storage, approval, sale, marketing, distribution, import, export, and reporting of safety and other post-market information related to our investigational drug products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the U.S. and foreign countries, and such regulations differ from country to country and frequently are revised.

Although we anticipate submitting an NDA for sofpironium bromide gel, 15% to the FDA in mid-2022, there can be no assurance that it will receive the necessary approvals. If approval is denied or delayed, it would have a material adverse impact on us.

Even after we or our partners achieve regulatory approval for a product candidate, if any, we or our partners will be subject to continued regulatory review and compliance obligations, including on how the product is commercialized. For example, with respect to our product candidates for the U.S., the FDA may impose significant restrictions on the approved indicated use(s) for which the product may be marketed or on the conditions of approval. A product candidate’s approval may contain requirements for potentially costly post-approval studies and surveillance, including Phase 4 clinical trials, to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product or include in the approved label restrictions on the product and how it may be used or sold. We also will be subject to ongoing FDA obligations and continued regulatory review with respect to, among other things, the manufacturing, processing, labeling, packaging, distribution, pharmacovigilance and adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, and recordkeeping for our product candidates. These requirements include submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, continued compliance with cGMP requirements and with the FDA’s GCP requirements and GLP requirements, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA for all of our product candidates in clinical and preclinical development, and for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval, as well as continued compliance with the FDA’s laws

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governing commercialization of the approved product, including but not limited to the FDA’s Office of Prescription Drug Promotion’s regulation of promotional activities and direct-to-consumer advertising, fraud and abuse, antikickback, product sampling, debarment, scientific speaker engagements and activities, formulary interactions as well as interactions with healthcare practitioners, including various conflict-of-interest reporting requirements for any healthcare practitioners we may use as consultants, and laws relating to the pricing of drug products, including federal “best price” regulations that if not met can prohibit us from participating in federal reimbursement programs like Medicare or Medicaid. To the extent that a product candidate is approved for sale in other countries, we may be subject to similar or more onerous (e.g., prohibition on direct-to-consumer advertising and price controls that do not exist in the U.S.) restrictions and requirements imposed by laws and government regulators, and even private institutions, in those countries.

In addition, manufacturers of drug and biologic products and their facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with cGMP regulations. If we or a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the manufacturing, processing, distribution, or storage facility where, or processes by which, the product is made, a regulatory agency may impose restrictions on that product or us, including requesting that we initiate a product recall, or requiring notice to physicians or the public, withdrawal of the product from the market, or suspension of manufacturing.

If we, our partners, our product candidates, or the manufacturing facilities for our product candidates fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may:

•impose restrictions on the sale, marketing, advertising, or manufacturing of the product, or amend, suspend, or withdraw product approvals, or revoke necessary licenses;

•mandate modifications to or prohibit promotional and other product-specific materials or require us to provide corrective information to healthcare practitioners and other customers and/or patients, or in our advertising and promotion;

•require us or our partners to enter into a consent decree, which can include imposition of various fines, reimbursements for inspection costs, required due dates for specific actions, penalties for noncompliance and, in extreme cases, require an independent compliance monitor to oversee our activities;

•issue warning letters, bring enforcement actions, initiate surprise inspections, issue show cause notices or untitled letters describing alleged violations, which may be publicly available;

•commence criminal investigations and prosecutions;

•debar certain healthcare professionals;

•exclude us from participating in or being eligible for government reimbursement and formulary inclusion;

•initiate audits, inspections, accounting and civil investigations, or litigation;

•impose injunctions, suspensions, or revocations of necessary approvals or other licenses;

•impose other civil or criminal penalties;

•suspend or cancel any ongoing clinical trials;

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•place restrictions on the kind of promotional activities that can be done;

•delay or refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us or our potential partners;

•refuse to permit drugs or precursor chemicals to be imported or exported to or from the U.S.;

•suspend or impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements;

•change or restrict our product labeling; or

•seize or detain products or require us or our partners to initiate a product recall.

The regulations, policies, or guidance of the FDA, Japan’s PMDA, and other applicable government agencies may change quickly, and new or additional statutes or government laws or regulations may be enacted, including at federal, state, and local levels, or case law may issue, which can differ by geography and could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates or further restrict or regulate post-approval activities, including commercialization efforts. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature, or extent of adverse government regulations that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, or judicial outcomes based on litigation, either in the U.S. or abroad. If we are not able to achieve and maintain regulatory or other legal compliance, we may not be permitted to commercialize our product candidates, which would adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability.

We have sponsored or supported and may in the future sponsor or support clinical trials for our product candidates outside the U.S. and Japan, and the FDA, PMDA, and applicable foreign regulatory authorities may not accept data from such trials; in addition, we may not be allowed alone or with local country business partners to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates without first conducting clinical trials in each of these other countries.

We have sponsored or supported and may in the future choose to sponsor or support one or more of our clinical trials outside of the U.S. Although the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory authorities may accept data from clinical trials conducted outside the U.S. or the applicable jurisdiction, acceptance of such study data by the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory authorities may be subject to certain conditions or exclusions. Where data from foreign clinical trials are intended to serve as the basis for marketing approval in the U.S., the FDA will not approve the application on the basis of foreign data alone unless such data are applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice; the studies were performed by clinical investigators of recognized competence; and the data are considered valid without the need for an on-site inspection by the FDA or, if the FDA considers such an inspection to be necessary, the FDA is able to validate the data through an on-site inspection or other appropriate means. Many foreign regulatory bodies have similar requirements. In addition, such foreign studies would be subject to the applicable local laws of the foreign jurisdictions where the studies are conducted. There can be no assurance the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory authorities will accept data from trials conducted outside of the U.S. or the applicable home country. If the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory authority does not accept such data, it would likely result in the need for additional clinical trials, which would be costly and time-consuming and delay aspects of our business plan.

We may face product liability exposure, and if successful claims are brought against us, we may incur substantial liability if our insurance coverage for those claims is inadequate.

We face an inherent risk of product liability or similar causes of action as a result of the clinical testing (and use) of our product candidates and will face an even greater risk if we commercialize any products. This risk exists even if a product is approved for commercial sale by the FDA and is manufactured in facilities licensed and regulated by the FDA or an applicable foreign regulatory authority and notwithstanding that we comply

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with applicable laws on promotional activity. Our products and product candidates are designed to affect important bodily functions and processes. Any side effects, manufacturing defects, misuse, or abuse associated with our product candidates could result in actual or perceived injury to a patient that may or may not be reversible or potentially even cause death. We cannot offer any assurance that we will not face product liability or other similar suits in the future or that we will be successful in defending them, nor can we assure that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover our liability under any such cases.

In addition, a liability claim may be brought against us even if our product candidates merely appear to have caused an injury. Product liability claims may be brought against us by consumers, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, or others selling or otherwise coming into contact with our product candidates, among others, and under some circumstances even government agencies. If we cannot successfully defend against product liability or similar claims, we will incur substantial liabilities, reputational harm, and possibly injunctions and punitive actions. In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in:

•withdrawal or delay of recruitment or decreased enrollment rates of clinical trial participants;

•termination or increased government regulation of clinical trial sites or entire trial programs;

•the inability to commercialize, or restrictions on commercializing, our product candidates;

•decreased demand for our product candidates;

•impairment of our business reputation;

•product recall or withdrawal from the market or labeling, marketing, or promotional restrictions;

•substantial costs of any related litigation or similar disputes;

•distraction of management’s attention and other resources from our primary business;

•significant delay in product launch;

•debarment of our clinical trial investigators or other related healthcare practitioners working with our Company;

•substantial monetary awards to patients or other claimants against us that may not be covered by insurance;

•withdrawal of reimbursement or formulary inclusion; or

•loss of revenue.

We have obtained product liability insurance coverage for our clinical trials. Large judgments have been awarded in class action or individual lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. Our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all of our product liability-related expenses or losses and may not cover us for any expenses or losses we may suffer. Moreover, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive, restrictive, and narrow, and, in the future, we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance coverage at a reasonable cost, or through self-insurance, in sufficient amounts or upon adequate terms to protect us against losses due to product liability or other similar legal actions. We will need to increase our product liability coverage if any of our product candidates receive regulatory approval, which will be costly, and we may be unable to obtain this increased product liability insurance on commercially reasonable terms or at all and for all

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geographies in which we wish to launch. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us could, if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, decrease our cash, expose us to liability and harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

We may be subject to risks related to pre-approval promotion or off-label use, or unauthorized direct-to-consumer advertising, of our product candidates.

In the U.S., the FDA strictly regulates the advertising and promotion of drug products, and drug products may only be marketed or promoted for their FDA-approved uses, consistent with the product’s approved labeling and to appropriate patient populations. Advertising and promotion of any product candidate that obtains approval in the U.S. will be heavily scrutinized by the FDA, the Department of Justice, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), state attorneys general, members of Congress, the public, and others. Violations, including promotion of our products for unapproved or off-label uses, or inappropriate direct-to-consumer advertising, are subject to enforcement letters, inquiries and investigations, and civil, criminal, and/or administrative sanctions by the FDA and other government agencies or tribunals and lawsuits by competitors, healthcare practitioners, consumers, investors, or other plaintiffs. Additionally, advertising and promotion of any product candidate that obtains approval outside of the U.S. will be heavily scrutinized by relevant foreign regulatory authorities.

Even if we obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require labeling changes or impose significant restrictions on a product’s indicated uses or marketing, or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly post-approval studies or post-market surveillance.

In the U.S., engaging in impermissible promotion of our product candidates for off-label uses, or engaging in pre-approval promotion of an unapproved drug candidate, also can subject us to false claims litigation under federal and state statutes, which can lead to civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties and fines and agreements, such as a corporate integrity agreement, that materially restrict the manner in which we promote or distribute our product candidates. If we do not lawfully promote our products once they have received regulatory approval, we may become subject to such litigation and, if we are not successful in defending against such actions, those actions could expose us to liability and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects and even result in having an independent compliance monitor assigned to audit our ongoing operations at our cost for a lengthy period of time.

Healthcare reform measures, including price controls or restricted access, could hinder or prevent the commercial success of our product candidates in any country.

The enactment of any new healthcare initiatives or pharmaceutical industry regulations could have significant impacts on our ability to advance the development of sofpironium bromide or other product candidates and eventually to commercialize them, if at all. Specifically, on September 9, 2021, the Biden White House released a Prescription Drug Pricing Plan (“Plan”) to reduce prescription drug prices and out-of-pocket costs for patients. This Plan highlights legislative policies that the White House supports to lower drug prices by allowing the Secretary of HHS to negotiate Medicare Part B (physician-administered) and Part D (outpatient) drug prices directly with pharmaceutical companies and make those prices available in the commercial market. However, to date, details are limited as to what these negotiations might look like. The Plan also pledges support for a redesign of the Medicare Part D program that would institute a lower cap on out-of-pocket spending to protect beneficiaries by shifting significantly more of the cost management burden onto payers and drug manufacturers after a Medicare beneficiary reaches his or her out-of-pocket spending limit. The Plan also aims to curb annual price increases of existing drugs covered by Medicare Parts B and D, imposing an inflationary rebate for those that exceed an unspecified inflation index (consumer or medical price inflation index). HHS also may pursue other administrative actions without Congress. While these proposals have not yet been enacted, we expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit

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the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our product candidates if approved or additional pricing pressures.

There are also calls to severely curtail or ban all direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals or restrict activities by pharmaceutical sales representatives to have access to prescribers, which would limit our ability to market our product candidates. With regard to marketing directly to consumers and patients, the U.S. is in a minority of jurisdictions that even allow this kind of advertising, and its removal could limit the potential reach of a marketing campaign.

We are and may be subject to strict healthcare laws, regulation, and enforcement, and our failure to comply with those laws could expose us to liability or adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Certain federal and state healthcare laws and regulations pertaining to fraud and abuse and patients’ rights and privacy are and will be applicable to our business. We are subject to regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we or our partners conduct business. The healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include: the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended; Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 202 (21 CFR Part 202); the 21st Century Cures Act, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute; federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws; the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act; the Prescription Drug Marketing Act (for sampling of drug product); the federal Best Price Act and Medicaid drug rebate program; the federal physician sunshine reporting requirements under the Affordable Care Act and state disclosure laws; the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act as it applies to activities both inside and outside of the U.S.; the federal Right-to-Try legislation; and state law equivalents of many of the above federal laws.

Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. In addition, healthcare reform legislation has strengthened these laws. For example, the Affordable Care Act, among other things, amended the intent requirement of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and certain criminal healthcare fraud statutes. A person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the Affordable Care Act provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act.

Achieving and sustaining compliance with these laws may prove costly. In addition, any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and result in reputational damage. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental laws or regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including administrative, civil, and criminal penalties, damages, including punitive damages, fines, disgorgement, the exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, individual imprisonment or corporate criminal liability, or the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, and injunctions, any of which could expose us to liability and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, other clinical trial staff, consultants, vendors, CROs, and any partners with which we may collaborate may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

We are exposed to the risk that our employees, officers, directors, independent contractors, principal investigators, other clinical trial staff, consultants, advisors, vendors, CROs, and any partners with which we may collaborate may engage in fraudulent or other illegal or unethical activity. Misconduct by these persons

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could include intentional, reckless, gross or negligent misconduct or unauthorized activity that violates: laws or regulations, including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete, and accurate information to the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities; product sampling; manufacturing standards; federal, state and foreign healthcare fraud and abuse laws and data privacy; anticorruption laws, anti-kickback and Medicare/Medicaid rules, debarment laws, promotional laws, securities laws, and/or laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data, books, and records. If any such or similar actions are instituted against us and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative and punitive penalties, damages, monetary fines, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid, and other federal or state healthcare programs, debarments, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, injunctions, and curtailment or cessation of our operations, any of which could expose us to liability and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

We incur costs and demands upon management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies.

We incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses to operate as a public company, including costs associated with public company reporting and other SEC requirements. We also incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq. These rules and regulations have, and are expected to continue to, increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. These rules and regulations may also make it expensive for us to operate our business.

Risks Related to Strategic Matters

We intend to continue to in-license and acquire product candidates and may engage in other strategic transactions, which could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses, and present significant distractions to our management.

One of our ongoing strategies is to in-license and acquire additional product candidates, and we may engage in other strategic transactions. Additional potential transactions that we may consider include a variety of different business arrangements, including mergers and acquisitions, spin-offs, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, co-marketing, co-promotion, distributorships, development and co-development, royalty monetization, restructurings, divestitures, business combinations, contract sales forces, out-licensing or divesture of existing products, and investments on a global basis. Any such transaction(s) may require us to incur non-recurring or other charges, may increase our near- and long-term expenditures, and may cause us to grow and expand rapidly, putting pressure on current resources and capabilities, and may pose significant integration challenges or disrupt our management or business, which could adversely affect our operations and financial results. Further, any such transaction(s) may require us to obtain additional financing, which may not be available to us on favorable terms or at all. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will undertake or successfully complete future transactions of the nature described above, and any transaction that we do complete could expose us to liability, delays, and implementation obstacles that could harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects. We have no current commitment or obligation to enter into any transaction described above other than ones to which we are already committed.

Our failure to in-license, acquire, develop, and market successfully additional product candidates or approved products would impair our ability to grow our business.

We intend to in-license, acquire, develop, and market additional products and product candidates. Because our internal research and development capabilities are limited, we may be dependent on pharmaceutical or other companies, investment groups or funds, academic or government scientists, and other researchers to sell or license products or technology to us. The success of this strategy depends partly on our ability to identify and

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select promising pharmaceutical product candidates and products, negotiate licensing or acquisition agreements with their current owners, and finance these arrangements.

The process of proposing, negotiating, and implementing a license or acquisition of a product candidate or approved product is lengthy and complex. Other companies, including some with substantially greater financial, marketing, sales, legal and other resources, may compete with us for the license or acquisition of product candidates and approved products. We have limited resources to identify and execute the acquisition or in-licensing of third-party products, businesses, and technologies and integrate them into our current infrastructure. Moreover, we may devote resources to potential acquisitions or licensing opportunities that are never completed, or we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such efforts. We may not be able to acquire the rights to additional product candidates on terms that we find acceptable or at all.

Further, any product candidate that we acquire may require (or, in the case of the pipeline assets we licensed from Voronoi, do require) additional development efforts prior to commercial sale, including preclinical or clinical testing and approval by the FDA and applicable foreign regulatory authorities for the targeted use(s), or present with significant integration issues. All product candidates are prone to significant risks of failure typical of pharmaceutical product development, including the possibility that a product candidate will not be shown to be sufficiently safe and effective for approval by regulatory authorities. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that any approved products that we acquire will be manufactured or sold profitably, obtain reimbursement, be subject to patents and other intellectual property rights that provide any form of market or regulatory exclusivity, sustain historical levels of performance that made the acquisition initially attractive, or achieve/maintain market acceptance.

We may choose not to continue developing or commercializing any of our product candidates at any time during development or after approval, which would reduce or eliminate our potential return on investment for those product candidates.

At any time, we may decide to discontinue the development of any of our early-stage or licensed rights to product candidates for a variety of reasons, including the appearance of new technologies that make our product obsolete or significantly impact the ability to commercialize the affected product successfully, competition from a competing product including entry of generics, supply chain considerations, intellectual property right impacts, ability to price or changes in or failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, inability to generate financing to commercialize a product, market reaction to the market potential for any product asset, or constraints on obtaining additional financing and capital. If we terminate or exit a program in which we have invested significant resources, we will not receive any return, or only a partial return, on our investment, and we will have missed the opportunity to have allocated those resources to potentially more productive uses.

Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties

We expect to rely on our collaboration with third-party partners for the successful development and commercialization of our product candidates.

We expect to rely upon the efforts of third-party partners for the successful development and commercialization of our current and future product candidates. The clinical, regulatory, and commercial success of our product candidates may depend upon maintaining successful relationships with third-party partners which are subject to a number of significant risks, including the following:

•our partners’ ability to execute their responsibilities in a timely, cost-efficient, and compliant manner and to maintain their supply chain systems and safeguard their IT operations and their and our data;

•reduced control over supply, delivery, and manufacturing schedules;

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•price increases and product reliability;

•our ability to attract and retain the right partners;

•manufacturing deviations from internal or regulatory specifications;

•quality or integrity incidents;

•the failure of partners to perform their obligations for technical, market, legal, or other reasons;

•misappropriation of our current or future product candidates;

•ability of partners to comply with applicable laws or continue their own operations based on their unique situations; and

•other risks in potentially meeting our current and future product commercialization schedule or satisfying the requirements of our end-users.

We cannot assure that we will be able to establish or maintain third-party partner relationships to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates.

We rely completely on third-party contractors to supply, manufacture, and distribute clinical drug supplies and to help prepare for a possible launch for our product candidates, including certain sole-source suppliers and manufacturers; we intend to rely on third parties for commercial supply, manufacturing, and distribution, and possibly sales and promotion, if any of our product candidates receive regulatory approval; and we expect to rely on third parties for supply, manufacturing, and distribution of preclinical, clinical, and commercial supplies, and possibly sales and promotion, of any future product candidates.

We do not currently have, nor do we plan to acquire, the infrastructure or internal capability to supply, store, manufacture, or distribute preclinical, clinical, or commercial quantities of drug substances or products. Additionally, we have not entered into a long-term commercial supply agreement to provide us with such drug substances or products. As a result, our ability to develop our product candidates is dependent, and our ability to supply our products commercially will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain the APIs and other substances and materials used in our product candidates successfully from third parties and to have finished products manufactured by third parties in accordance with regulatory requirements and in sufficient quantities for preclinical and clinical testing and commercialization. If we fail to develop and maintain supply and other technical relationships with these third parties, or global conditions like the coronavirus pandemic significantly and adversely impact such third parties, we may be unable to continue to develop or commercialize our products and product candidates.

We do not have direct control over whether our contract suppliers and manufacturers will maintain current pricing terms, be willing (or able) to continue supplying us with APIs and finished products, or maintain adequate capacity and capabilities to serve our needs, including quality control, quality assurance, and qualified personnel. We are dependent on our contract suppliers and manufacturers for day-to-day compliance with applicable laws and cGMPs for production of both APIs and finished products. If the safety or quality of any product or product candidate or component is compromised due to a failure to adhere to applicable laws or for other reasons, we may not be able to commercialize or obtain regulatory approval for the affected product or product candidate successfully, and we may be held liable for injuries sustained as a result.

In order to conduct larger or late-stage clinical trials for our product candidates and supply sufficient commercial quantities of the resulting drug product and its components, if that product candidate is approved for sale, our contract manufacturers and suppliers will need to produce our drug substances and product

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candidates in larger quantities, more cost-effectively and, in certain cases, at higher yields than they currently achieve. If our third-party contractors are unable to scale up the manufacture of any of our product candidates successfully in sufficient quality and quantity and at commercially reasonable prices, or are shut down or put on clinical hold by government regulators, and we are unable to find one or more replacement suppliers or manufacturers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost in substantially equivalent volumes and quality, and we are unable to transfer the processes successfully on a timely basis, the development of that product candidate and regulatory approval or commercial launch for any resulting products may be delayed, or there may be a shortage in supply, either of which could significantly harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

We expect to continue to depend on third-party contract suppliers and manufacturers for the foreseeable future. Our supply and manufacturing agreements, if any, do not guarantee that a contract supplier or manufacturer will provide services adequate for our needs. Additionally, any damage to, destruction of, or threats to our third-party manufacturers’ or suppliers’ facilities, equipment, or systems, even by force majeure or by criminal acts, may significantly impair our ability to have our products and product candidates manufactured on a timely basis. Our reliance on contract manufacturers and suppliers further exposes us to the possibility that they, or third parties with access to their facilities and systems, will have access to and may misappropriate our trade secrets, clinical trial and other research data, or other proprietary information. In addition, the manufacturing facilities of certain of our suppliers may be located outside of the U.S. This may give rise to difficulties in importing our products or product candidates or their components into the U.S. or other countries, or otherwise protecting these assets.

Manufacturing and supply of the APIs and other substances and materials used in our product candidates and finished drug products is a complex and technically challenging undertaking, and there is potential for failure at many points in the manufacturing, testing, quality control and assurance, and distribution supply chain, as well as the potential for latent defects after products have been manufactured and distributed.

Manufacturing and supply of APIs, other substances and materials, and finished drug products are technically challenging. Changes beyond our direct control can impact the quality, volume, price, and successful delivery of our products and product candidates and can impede, delay, limit, or prevent the successful development and commercialization of our products and product candidates. Mistakes and mishandling, and/or disruptions in the supply chain, are not uncommon despite reasonable best efforts and can affect successful production and supply. Some of these risks include but are not limited to:

•failure of our manufacturers to follow cGMP or other legal requirements or mishandling of or adulterating product while in production or in preparation for transit;

•inability of our contract suppliers and manufacturers to efficiently and cost-effectively increase and maintain high yields and batch quality, consistency, and stability;

•difficulty in establishing optimal drug delivery substances and techniques, production and storage methods, and packaging and shipment processes;

•challenges in designing effective drug delivery substances and techniques especially in light of competitor options;

•transportation and import/export risk, particularly given the global nature of our supply chain;

•delays in analytical results or failure of analytical techniques that we depend on for quality control/assurance and release of a product;

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•natural disasters, strikes and labor disputes, epidemics or pandemics, war and terrorism, financial distress, lack of raw material supply, issues with facilities and equipment, third-party criminal threats such as IT malware and/or ransom attempts caused by holding systems hostage, or other forms of disruption to business operations of our contract manufacturers and suppliers; and

•latent defects that may become apparent after a product has been released and even sold and used and that may result in recall and destruction of the product.

Any of these factors could result in delays or higher costs in connection with our clinical trials, regulatory submissions, required approvals, or commercialization of our products, which could expose us to liability or harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

We may not be able to obtain, afford, maintain, or enforce global patent rights or other intellectual property rights that cover sofpironium bromide, our autoimmune and neuroinflammatory portfolio, and related technologies (and any other product candidates) that are of sufficient type, breadth, and term.

Our success with respect to sofpironium bromide, our autoimmune and neuroinflammatory portfolio, and other product candidates will depend, in part, on our ability to protect patent and other intellectual property protections in both the U.S. and other countries, to preserve our trade secrets, and to prevent third parties from infringing on our proprietary rights. Our ability to prevent unauthorized or infringing use of sofpironium bromide, our autoimmune and neuroinflammatory portfolio, and other product candidates by third parties depends in substantial part on our ability to leverage valid and enforceable patents and other intellectual property rights around the world.

The patent application process, also known as patent prosecution, is expensive and time-consuming, and we and our current or future licensors and licensees may not be able to prepare, file, and prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner in all the countries that may be desirable. It is also possible that we or our current licensors and licensees, or any future licensors or licensees, will fail to identify patentable aspects of inventions made in the course of development and commercialization activities before it is too late to obtain patent protection by others on them. Therefore, these and any of our patents and applications may not be prosecuted and enforced in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business. Moreover, our competitors independently may develop equivalent knowledge, methods, and know-how or discover workarounds to our patents that would not constitute infringement. Our partners or licensees may inappropriately take or use our intellectual property and/or confidential information to infringe our patents or otherwise violate their contractual obligations as to us related to protection of our intellectual property. Any of these outcomes could impair our ability to enforce the exclusivity of our patents effectively, which may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Due to constantly shifting global legal standards relating to patentability, validity, enforceability, and claim scope of patents covering pharmaceutical inventions, our ability to protect patents in any jurisdiction is uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions, especially across countries. Accordingly, rights under any applicable patents that apply to us may not cover our product candidates or may not provide us with sufficient protection for our product candidates to afford a sustainable commercial advantage against competitive products or processes, including those from branded, generic, and OTC pharmaceutical companies. In addition, we cannot guarantee that any patents or other intellectual property rights will issue from any pending or future patent or other similar applications related to us. Even if patents or other intellectual property rights have issued or will issue, we cannot guarantee that the claims of these patents and other rights are or will be held valid or enforceable by the courts or other legal authorities, through injunction or otherwise, or will provide us with any significant protection against competitive products or otherwise be commercially valuable

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to us in every country of commercial significance that we may target, or that a legislative or executive branch of government may alter the rights and enforceability thereof at any time.

Competitors in the therapeutic areas of our strategic focus have created a substantial amount of prior art, including scientific publications, abstracts, posters, presentations, patents and patent applications, and other public disclosures including on the Internet and various social media. Our ability to protect valid and enforceable patents and other intellectual property rights depends on whether the differences between our proprietary technology and the prior art allow our technology to be patentable over the prior art. We do not have outstanding issued patents covering all of the recent developments in our technology and are unsure of the patent protection that we will be successful in securing, if any. Even if the patents do issue successfully, third parties may design around or challenge the validity, enforceability, or scope of such issued patents or any other issued patents or intellectual property that apply to us, which may result in such patents and/or other intellectual property being narrowed, invalidated, or held unenforceable. If the breadth or strength of protection provided by the patents and other intellectual property we hold or pursue with respect to our product candidates is challenged, regardless of our future success, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us to develop, or threaten our ability to commercialize or finance, our product candidates.

The laws of some foreign jurisdictions do not provide intellectual property rights to the same extent or duration as in the U.S., and many companies have encountered significant difficulties in acquiring, maintaining, protecting, defending, and especially enforcing such rights in foreign jurisdictions. If we encounter such difficulties in protecting, or are otherwise precluded from effectively protecting, our intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions, our business prospects could be substantially harmed, especially internationally.

Patents have a limited lifespan. In the U.S., the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years after it is filed, with patent term extensions granted in certain instances to compensate for part of the period in which the drug was under development and could not be commercialized while under the patent. Without patent protection for sofpironium bromide and the rest of our product portfolio, we may be open to competition from generic versions of these assets. The issued U.S. patents relating to sofpironium bromide run through 2031, including expected extensions just described. Other patent rights we are seeking in the U.S. for sofpironium bromide would provide expected coverage through 2040, but only in the event of a grant of such rights. BBI-02 and BBI-03 are covered by a composition of matter patent issued in the U.S., Japan, China, and other key countries through at least 2038, subject to patent term extensions that may be available depending on how these early-stage products are developed, as well as pending applications for this and other patents elsewhere. We are evaluating the patent protection and strategy for the remainder of the assets in-licensed from Voronoi.

Proprietary trade secrets and unpatented know-how and confidential information are also important to our business. Although we have taken steps to protect our trade secrets, unpatented know-how, and confidential information by entering into confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements with third parties and intellectual property protection agreements with officers, directors, employees, and certain consultants and advisors, there can be no assurance that binding agreements will not be breached or enforced by courts or other legal authorities, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach, including injunctive and other equitable relief, or that our trade secrets, unpatented know-how, and confidential information will not otherwise become known, be inadvertently disclosed by us or our agents and representatives, or be independently discovered by our competitors. If trade secrets are independently discovered, we would not be able to prevent their use, and if we and our agents or representatives inadvertently disclose trade secrets, unpatented know-how, and/or confidential information, we may not be allowed to retrieve the inadvertently disclosed trade secret, unpatented know-how, and/or confidential information and maintain the exclusivity we previously enjoyed.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights meaningfully throughout the world.

Filing, prosecuting, and defending patents on our product candidates do not guarantee exclusivity. The requirements for patentability differ in certain countries, particularly developing countries, and can change over

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time in the same country. In addition, the laws of some other countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as laws in the U.S., especially when it comes to granting use and other kinds of patents and what kind of enforcement rights will be allowed, especially injunctive relief in a civil infringement proceeding. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in countries outside the U.S. and even in launching an identical version of our product notwithstanding us having a valid patent or other intellectual property rights in that country. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we or our licensors have not obtained patent or other protections to develop their own products, or produce copy products, and, further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent and other protections but enforcement against infringing activities is inadequate or where we have no patents or other intellectual property rights. These products may compete with our products, and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from commercialization or other uses.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly in developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to pharmaceuticals, and the judicial and government systems are often corrupt, apathetic, or ineffective, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our intellectual property rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our global patents and other rights at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our global patent applications at risk of not issuing, and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuit that we initiate or infringement action brought against us, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful when we are the plaintiff. When we are the defendant, we may be required to post large bonds to stay in the market while we defend ourselves from an infringement action.

In addition, certain countries in Europe and certain developing countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties, especially if the patent owner does not enforce or use its patents over a protracted period of time. In some cases, the courts will force compulsory licenses on the patent holder even when finding the patentholder’s patents are valid if the court believes it is in the best interests of the country to have widespread access to an essential product covered by the patent. Further, there is no guarantee that any country will not adopt or impose compulsory licensing in the future. In these situations, the royalty the court requires to be paid by the licenseholder receiving the compulsory license may not be calculated at fair market value and can be inconsequential, thereby disaffecting the patentholder’s business. In these countries, we may have limited remedies if our patents are infringed or if we are compelled to grant a license to our patents to a third party, which could also materially diminish the value of those patents. This would limit our potential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we own or license, especially in comparison to what we enjoy from enforcing our intellectual property rights in the U.S. Finally, our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights may be adversely affected by unforeseen changes in both U.S. and foreign intellectual property laws, or changes to the policies in various government agencies in these countries, including but not limited to the patent office issuing patents and the health agency issuing pharmaceutical product approvals. For example, in Brazil, pharmaceutical patents require prior initial approval from the Brazilian health agency, ANVISA. Finally, many countries have large backlogs in patent prosecution, and in some countries in Latin America, it can take years, even decades, just to get a pharmaceutical patent application reviewed notwithstanding the merits of the application.

Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment, and other requirements imposed by governmental patent and similar agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for noncompliance with these requirements.

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Periodic maintenance, validation, and annuity fees on any issued patent are due to be paid to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) and foreign patent agencies in several stages over the lifetime of a patent. The USPTO and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment, and other similar provisions during the patent application process. While an inadvertent lapse can, in many cases, be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction just for failure to know about and/or timely pay such fee. Noncompliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees in prescribed time periods, and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents in the format and style the country requires. If we or our licensors fail to maintain the patents and patent applications covering our product candidates for any reason, our competitors might be able to otherwise enter the market, which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

In addition, countries continue to increase the fees that are charged to acquire, maintain, and enforce patents and other intellectual property rights, which may become prohibitive to initiate or continue paying in certain circumstances.

If we fail to comply with our obligations under our intellectual property license agreements, we could lose license rights that are important to our business. Additionally, these agreements may be subject to disagreement over contract interpretation, which could narrow the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology, or other key aspects of product development and/or commercialization, or increase our financial or other obligations to our licensors.

We have entered into in-license arrangements with respect to all of our product candidates. These license agreements impose various diligence, milestone, royalty, insurance, reporting, and other obligations on us. If we fail to comply with these obligations, the respective licensors may have the right to terminate or modify the license, or trigger other more disadvantageous contract clauses, in which event we may not be able to finance, develop or market the affected product candidate. The loss of such rights could expose us to liability and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

Our commercial success depends on our ability to develop, manufacture, market, and sell our product candidates and use our proprietary technologies without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties and do this in one or more countries. We cannot assure that marketing and selling such product candidates and using such technologies will not infringe existing or future patents or other intellectual property rights. Numerous U.S. and foreign-issued patents and pending patent applications owned by third parties exist in the fields relating to our product candidates. As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents and other intellectual property rights are issued, the risk increases that others may assert that our product candidates, technologies, or methods of delivery or use(s) infringe their patent or other intellectual property rights. Moreover, it is not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents and other intellectual property rights cover various drugs, biologics, drug delivery systems and formulations, manufacturing processes, or their methods of use, and which of these patents may be valid and enforceable. Thus, because of the large number of patents issued and patent applications filed in our fields across many countries, there may be a risk that third parties may allege they have patent or other rights encompassing our product candidates, technologies, or methods.

In addition, there may be issued patents of third parties that are infringed or are alleged to be infringed by our product candidates or proprietary technologies notwithstanding the patents we may possess. Because some patent applications in the U.S. and other countries may be maintained in confidence until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the U.S. and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen (18) months or some other time after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature or other public

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disclosures often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our patents or our pending applications. Our competitors may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering our product candidates or technology similar to our technology. Any such patent application may have priority over our patent applications or patents, which could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering such technologies, which may mean paying significant licensing fees or royalties, or the like. If another party has filed a U.S. patent application on inventions similar to ours, we or the licensor may have to participate in the U.S. in an interference proceeding to determine priority of invention.

We may be exposed to, or threatened with, future litigation by third parties having patent or other intellectual property rights alleging that our product candidates or proprietary technologies infringe such third parties’ intellectual property rights, including litigation resulting from filing in the U.S. under Paragraph IV of the Hatch-Waxman Act or other countries’ laws similar to the Hatch-Waxman Act. These lawsuits could claim that there are existing patent rights for such drug, and this type of litigation can be costly and could adversely affect our operating results and divert the attention of managerial and technical personnel, even if we do not infringe such patents or the patents asserted against us are ultimately established as invalid. There is a risk that a court or other legal authority would decide that we are infringing the third party’s patents and would order us to stop the activities covered by the patents. In addition, there is a risk that a court or other legal authority will order us to pay the other party significant damages for having violated the other party’s patents or intellectual property rights.

Because we rely on certain third-party licensors, licensees, and partners and will continue to do so in the future, around the world, if one of our licensors, licensees, or partners is sued for infringing a third party’s intellectual property rights, this could expose us to liability, and our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects could suffer in the same manner as if we were sued directly. In addition to facing litigation risks, we have agreed to indemnify certain third-party licensors, licensees, and partners against claims of infringement caused by our proprietary technologies, and we have entered or may enter into cost-sharing agreements with some of our licensors, licensees, and partners that could require us to pay some of the costs of patent or other intellectual property rights litigation brought against those third parties whether or not the alleged infringement is caused by our proprietary technologies. In certain instances, these cost-sharing agreements could also require us to assume greater responsibility for infringement damages than would be assumed just on the basis of our technology.

The occurrence of any of the foregoing could expose us to liability or adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects at any time.

General Risk Factors

Provisions of Delaware law and our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage another company from acquiring us and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions of Delaware law and our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay, or prevent a merger or acquisition that our stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace or remove our board of directors. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

•authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock without any need for action by stockholders;

•providing for a classified board of directors with staggered terms;

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•requiring supermajority stockholder voting to effect certain amendments to our current certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

•eliminating the ability of stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders; and

•establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings.

Although we believe these provisions collectively provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if an offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.

If we fail to attract and retain management and other key personnel and directors, we may be unable to continue to successfully develop or commercialize our product candidates or otherwise implement our business plan.

Our ability to compete in the highly competitive pharmaceuticals industry depends on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, scientific, medical, legal, regulatory and compliance, sales and marketing, business development, commercial and other personnel, and directors of our board of directors. We are highly dependent on our management, scientific personnel, and our directors. The loss of the services of any of these individuals could impede, delay, or prevent the regulatory approval of sofpironium bromide, successful development of the rest of our product pipeline, completion of our planned clinical trials, commercialization of our product candidates, or in-licensing or acquisition of new assets and could impact negatively our ability to implement successfully our business plan and in a way that complies with all applicable laws. If we lose the services of any of these individuals, we might not be able to find suitable diverse replacements on a timely basis or at all, and our business could be harmed as a result. We might not be able to attract or retain diverse qualified management and other key personnel or directors in the future due to the intense competition for qualified individuals among biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and other businesses. This risk is heightened recently for most employers by the global reaction to emergence from the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on worker availability and government regulation of workplace practices associated with public health and other factors.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit	Form	Date of Filing	Exhibit Number	Filed Herewith
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended through April 19, 2021	8-K	4/19/2021	3.2
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws, as currently in effect	10-Q	5/14/2020	3.2
10.1†	License and Development Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2021, by and between Voronoi Inc. and Brickell Biotech, Inc.	8-K	9/1/2021	10.1
10.2	Employment Agreement, dated August 26, 2021, by and between Brickell Biotech, Inc. and Monica Luchi				×
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended				×
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended				×
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				×
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document				×
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document				×
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document				×
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document				×
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document				×
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document				×
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)				×

__________________

×	Filed herewith.
†	Certain confidential information contained in this agreement has been omitted because it (i) is not material. and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
*	This certification is being furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant, whether made before or after the date hereof.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Brickell Biotech, Inc.
Date: November 9, 2021	By:	/s/ Robert. B. Brown
		Robert B. Brown Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
	By:	/s/ Albert N. Marchio, II
		Albert N. Marchio, II Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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