Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Jun. 30, 2014 |
Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Note 1. | Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Nature of Business. II-VI Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), a worldwide leader in engineered materials and opto-electronic components, is a vertically-integrated manufacturing company that creates and markets products for a diversified customer base including industrial manufacturing, optical communications, military, high-power electronics, semiconductor and thermo-electronics applications. The Company markets its products through its direct sales force and through distributors and agents. |
The Company uses certain uncommon materials and compounds to manufacture its products. Some of these materials are available from only one proven outside source. The continued high quality of these materials is critical to the stability of the Company’s manufacturing yields. The Company has not experienced significant production delays due to a shortage of materials. However, the Company does occasionally experience problems associated with vendor-supplied materials not meeting specifications for quality or purity. A significant failure of the Company’s suppliers to deliver sufficient quantities of necessary high-quality materials on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. |
Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. |
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Foreign Currency Translation. For II-VI Singapore Pte., Ltd. and its subsidiaries, II-VI Suisse S.a.r.l., Pacific Rare Specialty Metals & Chemicals, Inc. (“PRM”), Photop AOFR Pty. Ltd. (“AOFR”), II-VI Laser Enterprise and II-VI Network Solutions Division the functional currency is the United States (U.S.) dollar. The determination of the functional currency is made based on the appropriate economic and management indicators. |
For all other foreign subsidiaries, the functional currency is the local currency. Assets and liabilities of those operations are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates while income and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates for the reporting period. Translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers highly liquid investment instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We place our cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions and to date have not experienced credit losses in these instruments. Cash of foreign subsidiaries is on deposit at banks in China, Vietnam, Singapore, Japan, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, the Philippines, Belgium, Italy, Hong Kong, Australia and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). |
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Accounts Receivable. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and believes the collection of revenues, net of this allowance, is reasonably assured. |
The Company factored a portion of the accounts receivable of its Japan subsidiary during each of the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. Factoring is done with large banks in Japan. During the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, $12.7 million and $8.5 million, respectively, of accounts receivable had been factored. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the amount included in other accrued liabilities representing the Company’s obligation to the bank for these receivables factored with recourse was immaterial. |
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Inventories. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market (“LCM”), with cost determined on the first-in, first-out basis. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Market cannot exceed the net realizable value (i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predicted costs of completion and disposal) and market shall not be less than net realizable value reduced by an allowance for an approximately normal profit margin. In evaluating LCM, management also considers, if applicable, other factors as well, including known trends, market conditions, currency exchange rates and other such issues. The Company records an inventory reserve as a charge against earnings for all products on hand more than twelve to eighteen months depending on the products that have not been sold to customers or cannot be further manufactured for sale to alternative customers. An additional reserve is recorded for product on hand that is in excess of product sold to customers over the same periods noted above. Inventories are presented net of reserves. The reserves totaled $12.0 million and $7.1 million at June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
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Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost or fair market value upon acquisition. Major improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are generally expensed as incurred. The Company reviews its property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed primarily by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives for building, building improvements and land improvements of 10 to 20 years and 3 to 12 years for machinery and equipment. |
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Business Combinations. The Company accounts for business acquisitions by establishing the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Certain provisions of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) prescribe, among other things, the determination of acquisition-date fair value of consideration paid in a business combination (including contingent consideration) and the exclusion of transaction and acquisition-related restructuring costs from acquisition accounting. |
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Goodwill. The excess purchase price over the fair market value allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible net assets of businesses acquired is reported as goodwill in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at least annually as of April 1, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The evaluation of impairment involves comparing the current fair value of the Company’s reporting units to the recorded value (including goodwill). The Company uses a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model and a market analysis to determine the current fair value of the its reporting units. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in estimating the forecasted cash flows used in the DCF model, including markets and market shares, sales volume and pricing, costs to produce, working capital changes and income tax rates. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of the reporting units are estimated. |
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The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of goodwill prior to completing the two-step process described above to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill and other intangible assets. If the Company concludes that this is the case, it must perform the two-step process. Otherwise, the Company will forego the two-step process and does not need to perform any further testing. |
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Intangibles. Intangible assets are initially recorded at their cost or fair market value upon acquisition. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 7 to 18 years. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but tested annually for impairment at April 1, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. |
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Equity Method Investments. The Company has an equity investment in Guangdong Fuxin Electronic Technology (“Fuxin”) based in Guangdong Province, China of 20.2%, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The total carrying value of the investment recorded at June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013 was $11.6 million and $11.2 million, respectively. During the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s pro-rata share of earnings from this investment was $0.7 million, $1.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, and was recorded in other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. During the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded dividends from this equity investment of $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
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Commitments and Contingencies. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment and/or remediation can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. The Company had no loss contingency liabilities at June 30, 2014 related to commitments and contingencies. |
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Accrued Bonus and Profit Sharing Contribution. The Company records bonus and profit sharing estimates as a charge against earnings. These estimates are adjusted to actual based on final results of operations achieved during the fiscal year. Certain partial bonus amounts are paid on an interim basis, and the remainder is paid after the fiscal year end after the final determination of the applicable percentage or amounts. Other bonuses are paid annually. |
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Warranty Reserve. The Company records a warranty reserve as a charge against earnings based on a percentage of revenues utilizing actual returns over a period that approximates historical warranty experience. |
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Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the consolidated financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount more likely than not to be realized. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted for changes in facts and circumstances. For example, adjustments could result from significant amendments to existing tax law and the issuance of regulations or interpretations by the taxing authorities, new information obtained during a tax examination, or resolution of an examination. The Company believes that its estimates for uncertain tax positions are appropriate and sufficient to pay assessments that may result from examinations of its tax returns. The Company recognizes both accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. |
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Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenues for product shipments when persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists, the product has been shipped or delivered, the sale price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Title and risk of loss passes from the Company to its customer at the time of shipment in most cases with the exception of certain customers. For these customers, title does not pass and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the product at its physical location. |
We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts and warranty reserves based on historical experience and believe the collection of revenues, net of these reserves, is reasonably assured. Our allowance for doubtful accounts and warranty reserve balances at June 30, 2014 were approximately $1.9 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Our reserve estimates have historically been proven to be materially correct based upon actual charges incurred. |
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The Company’s revenue recognition policy is consistently applied across the Company’s segments, product lines and geographical locations. Further, we do not have post shipment obligations such as training or installation, customer acceptance provisions, credits and discounts, rebates and price protection, or other similar privileges. Our distributors and agents are not granted price protection. Our distributors and agents, which comprise less than 10% of consolidated revenues, have no additional product return rights beyond the right to return defective products covered by our warranty policy. Revenues generated from transactions other than product shipments are contract related and have historically accounted for less than 5% of consolidated revenues. We believe our revenue recognition practices have adequately considered the requirements under U.S. GAAP. |
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Shipping and Handling Costs. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included in revenues. Shipping and handling costs incurred by the Company are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Total shipping and handling revenue and costs included in revenues and in selling, general and administrative expenses were immaterial for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012. |
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Research and Development. Internal research and development costs and costs not related to customer and government funded research and development contracts are expensed as incurred. |
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Share-Based Compensation. The Company follows U.S. GAAP in accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, which requires the recognition of the fair value of stock compensation in net earnings. The Company recognizes the share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grantees, which generally equals the vesting period. |
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Workers’ Compensation. The Company is self-insured for certain losses related to workers’ compensation for the majority of its U.S. employees. When estimating the self-insurance liability, the Company considers a number of factors, including historical claims experience, demographic and severity factors and valuations provided by independent third-party consultants. Periodically, management reviews its assumptions and valuations to determine the adequacy of the self-insurance liability. |
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Accumulated other comprehensive income is a measure of all changes in shareholders’ equity that result from transactions and other economic events in the period other than transactions with owners. Accumulated other comprehensive income is a component of shareholders’ equity and consists of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments of $18.0 million and $15.6 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2014 and 2013 and a pension adjustment of $1.4 million as of June 30, 2014. |
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Fair Value Measurements. The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities that are required to be recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact, and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk. |
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Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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Leases. The Company classifies leases as operating in accordance with the provisions of lease accounting. Rent expense under noncancelable operating leases with scheduled rent increases or rent holidays is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term, beginning on the date of initial possession or the effective date of the lease agreement. The amount of the excess of straight-line rent expense over scheduled payments is recorded as a deferred liability. The current portion of unamortized deferred lease costs is included in other accrued liabilities and the long-term portion is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
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Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards |
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In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) which supersedes virtually all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The update's core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and prohibits early adoption. The update allows for the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective approach of adoption. Management is currently evaluating the available transition methods and the potential impact of adoption on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. |
In April 2014, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the criteria for determining which disposals can be presented as discontinued operations and modifies related disclosure requirements. Under the new guidance, a discontinued operation is defined as a disposal of a component or group of components that is disposed of or is classified as held for sale and represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. The new standard will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014 with early adoption permitted and will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2016. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. |
In July 2013, the FASB issued an ASU that changes how certain unrecognized tax benefits are to be presented on the consolidated balance sheet. This ASU clarified existing guidance to require that an unrecognized tax benefit or a portion thereof be presented in the consolidated balance sheet as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward, similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward except when an NOL carryforward, similar tax loss, or tax credit carryforward is not available under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position. In such a case, the unrecognized tax benefit would be presented in the consolidated balance sheet as a liability. This update is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013 and will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2015. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. |
In March 2013, the FASB issued an ASU related to a parent’s accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment upon de-recognition of certain subsidiaries or groups of assets within a foreign entity or of an investment in a foreign entity. The update clarifies the applicable guidance under current U.S. GAAP for the release of the cumulative translation adjustment upon a reporting entity’s de-recognition of a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity or part or all of its investment in a foreign entity. The update requires a reporting entity, which either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity, to release any related cumulative translation adjustment into net income. This update is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013 and will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2015. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. |
In February 2013, the FASB issued an ASU related to disclosure requirements of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The adoption of the guidance requires the Company to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, the Company is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income and the income statement line items affected by the reclassification. This update was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2014 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. |