Derivatives | Derivatives The Company’s operating results are affected by changes to commodity prices. The Grain and Ethanol businesses have established “unhedged” position limits (the amount of a commodity, either owned or contracted for, that does not have an offsetting derivative contract to lock in the price). To reduce the exposure to market price risk on commodities owned and forward grain and ethanol purchase and sale contracts, the Company enters into exchange traded commodity futures and options contracts and over-the-counter forward and option contracts with various counterparties. These contracts are primarily traded via the regulated Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME"). The Company’s forward purchase and sales contracts are for physical delivery of the commodity in a future period. Contracts to purchase commodities from producers generally relate to the current or future crop years for delivery periods quoted by regulated commodity exchanges. Contracts for the sale of commodities to processors or other commercial consumers generally do not extend beyond one year . All of these contracts meet the definition of derivatives. While the Company considers its commodity contracts to be effective economic hedges, the Company does not designate or account for its commodity contracts as hedges as defined under current accounting standards. The Company accounts for its commodity derivatives at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of the commodity derivative contracts that require the receipt or posting of cash collateral is recorded on a net basis (offset against cash collateral posted or received, also known as margin deposits) within commodity derivative assets or liabilities. Management determines fair value based on exchange-quoted prices and in the case of its forward purchase and sale contracts, estimated fair value is adjusted for differences in local markets and non-performance risk. For contracts for which physical delivery occurs, balance sheet classification is based on estimated delivery date. For futures, options and over-the-counter contracts in which physical delivery is not expected to occur but, rather, the contract is expected to be net settled, the Company classifies these contracts as current or noncurrent assets or liabilities, as appropriate, based on the Company’s expectations as to when such contracts will be settled. Realized and unrealized gains and losses in the value of commodity contracts (whether due to changes in commodity prices, changes in performance or credit risk, or due to sale, maturity or extinguishment of the commodity contract) and grain inventories are included in cost of sales and merchandising revenues. Generally accepted accounting principles permit a party to a master netting arrangement to offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments against the right to reclaim cash collateral or obligation to return cash collateral under the same master netting arrangement. The Company has master netting arrangements for its exchange traded futures and options contracts and certain over-the-counter contracts. When the Company enters into a futures, option or an over-the-counter contract, an initial margin deposit may be required by the counterparty. The amount of the margin deposit varies by commodity. If the market price of a futures, option or an over-the-counter contract moves in a direction that is adverse to the Company’s position, an additional margin deposit, called a maintenance margin, is required. The margin deposit assets and liabilities are included in short-term commodity derivative assets or liabilities, as appropriate, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents at June 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 , a summary of the estimated fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments that require cash collateral and the associated cash posted/received as collateral. The net asset or liability positions of these derivatives (net of their cash collateral) are determined on a counterparty-by-counterparty basis and are included within current or noncurrent commodity derivative assets (or liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets: June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 June 30, 2016 (in thousands) Net derivative asset position Net derivative liability position Net derivative asset position Net derivative liability position Net derivative asset position Net derivative liability position Collateral paid (received) $ 15,452 $ — $ 28,273 $ — $ 38,252 $ (480 ) Fair value of derivatives (12,835 ) — 1,599 — 13,491 1,480 Balance at end of period $ 2,617 $ — $ 29,872 $ — $ 51,743 $ 1,000 The following table presents, on a gross basis, current and noncurrent commodity derivative assets and liabilities: June 30, 2017 (in thousands) Commodity Derivative Assets - Current Commodity Derivative Assets - Noncurrent Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Current Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Noncurrent Total Commodity derivative assets $ 26,101 $ 1,201 $ 4,404 $ 2 $ 31,708 Commodity derivative liabilities (29,934 ) (10 ) (22,508 ) (336 ) (52,788 ) Cash collateral 15,452 — — — 15,452 Balance sheet line item totals $ 11,619 $ 1,191 $ (18,104 ) $ (334 ) $ (5,628 ) December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Commodity Derivative Assets - Current Commodity Derivative Assets - Noncurrent Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Current Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Noncurrent Total Commodity derivative assets $ 36,146 $ 140 $ 1,447 $ 6 $ 37,739 Commodity derivative liabilities (18,972 ) (40 ) (24,614 ) (345 ) (43,971 ) Cash collateral 28,273 — — — 28,273 Balance sheet line item totals $ 45,447 $ 100 $ (23,167 ) $ (339 ) $ 22,041 June 30, 2016 (in thousands) Commodity Derivative Assets - Current Commodity Derivative Assets - Noncurrent Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Current Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Noncurrent Total Commodity derivative assets $ 134,504 $ 2,095 $ 5,925 $ 84 $ 142,608 Commodity derivative liabilities (56,832 ) (161 ) (48,628 ) (2,266 ) (107,887 ) Cash collateral 38,252 — (480 ) — 37,772 Balance sheet line item totals $ 115,924 $ 1,934 $ (43,183 ) $ (2,182 ) $ 72,493 The gains and losses included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the line items in which they are located are as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, (in thousands) 2017 2016 2017 2016 Gains (losses) on commodity derivatives included in cost of sales and merchandising revenues $ (41,873 ) $ 34,800 $ (14,848 ) $ 25,941 The Company had the following volume of commodity derivative contracts outstanding (on a gross basis) at June 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 : June 30, 2017 Commodity (in thousands) Number of Bushels Number of Gallons Number of Pounds Number of Tons Non-exchange traded: Corn 184,197 — — — Soybeans 31,532 — — — Wheat 7,340 — — — Oats 41,526 — — — Ethanol — 256,518 — — Corn oil — — 4,658 — Other 90 500 — 100 Subtotal 264,685 257,018 4,658 100 Exchange traded: Corn 94,895 — — — Soybeans 27,470 — — — Wheat 43,925 — — — Oats 2,290 — — — Ethanol — 3,990 — — Other — 840 — 60 Subtotal 168,580 4,830 — 60 Total 433,265 261,848 4,658 160 December 31, 2016 Commodity (in thousands) Number of Bushels Number of Gallons Number of Pounds Number of Tons Non-exchange traded: Corn 175,549 — — — Soybeans 20,592 — — — Wheat 7,177 — — — Oats 36,025 — — — Ethanol — 215,081 — — Corn oil — — 9,358 — Other 108 1,144 — 110 Subtotal 239,451 216,225 9,358 110 Exchange traded: Corn 63,225 — — — Soybeans 39,005 — — — Wheat 45,360 — — — Oats 4,120 — — — Ethanol — 78,120 — — Subtotal 151,710 78,120 — — Total 391,161 294,345 9,358 110 June 30, 2016 Commodity (in thousands) Number of Bushels Number of Gallons Number of Pounds Number of Tons Non-exchange traded: Corn 242,269 — — — Soybeans 52,599 — — — Wheat 13,100 — — — Oats 30,722 — — — Ethanol — 130,464 — — Corn oil — — 13,800 — Other 17 — — 128 Subtotal 338,707 130,464 13,800 128 Exchange traded: Corn 148,665 — — — Soybeans 46,570 — — — Wheat 22,790 — — — Oats 2,820 — — — Ethanol — 36,540 — — Subtotal 220,845 36,540 — — Total 559,552 167,004 13,800 128 At June 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 , the Company had recorded the following amounts for the fair value of the Company's interest rate derivatives: June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 June 30, 2016 (in thousands) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Interest rate contracts included in other long-term liabilities $ (2,158 ) $ (2,530 ) $ (5,422 ) Total fair value of interest rate derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ (2,158 ) $ (2,530 ) $ (5,422 ) The gains and losses included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and the line item in which they are located for interest rate derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, (in thousands) 2017 2016 2017 2016 Interest income (expense) $ (17 ) $ (694 ) $ 372 $ (2,294 ) The Company also has foreign currency derivatives which are considered effective economic hedges of specified economic risks but which are not designated as accounting hedges. At June 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 , the Company had recorded the following amounts for the fair value of the Company's foreign currency derivatives: June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 June 30, 2016 (in thousands) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Foreign currency contracts included in short-term assets (liabilities) $ 654 $ (112 ) $ 1,391 Total fair value of foreign currency contract derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 654 $ (112 ) $ 1,391 The gains and losses included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and the line item in which they are located for foreign currency contract derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, (in thousands) 2017 2016 2017 2016 Foreign currency derivative gains included in Other income, net $ 669 $ (87 ) $ 767 $ 1,391 |