Depreciation expense increased $54.6 million, or 20%, to $327.1 million in 2004 from $272.5 million in 2003. The majority of the increase reflects rising average fixed asset balances, which increased 11% in 2004. Increased fixed asset balances in 2004 resulted from the following factors: - the addition of 785 new cell sites since September 30, 2003 (excluding the net divestiture of 154 sites, primarily as a result of the sale of properties to AT&T Wireless), which were built to improve coverage and capacity in U.S. Cellular’s markets, both in currently served areas as well as in areas where U.S. Cellular has launched or is preparing to launch commercial service; and
- the addition of digital radio channels to U.S. Cellular’s network to accommodate increased usage.
In addition, the following factors also contributed to the increase: - a change in the useful lives of certain asset categories, which increased depreciation expense $12.1 million in 2004;
- certain Time Division Multiple Access (“TDMA”) digital radio equipment consigned to a third party for future sale was written down by $11.3 million prior to its consignment, increasing depreciation expense by that amount. This writedown was necessary to reduce the book value of the assets to be sold to their estimated proceeds from disposition;
- a $5.2 million addition to depreciation expense related to the writedown of certain assets prior to their disposition; and
- in preparation for the implementation of a fixed asset management and tracking software system, including a bar code asset identification system, U.S. Cellular is conducting a physical inventory review of its cell site fixed assets. U.S. Cellular expects to complete the review in the fourth quarter of 2004. U.S. Cellular charged $4.0 million to depreciation expense for the estimated write-off in the second quarter of 2004. To the extent the final results differ from the $4.0 million already charged to expense, an adjustment would be required in the fourth quarter of 2004.
In 2003, $5.0 million of depreciation expense was recorded related to the writeoff of certain assets. See “Financial Resources” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussions of U.S. Cellular’s capital expenditures. 34
Amortization and accretion expensedecreased $9.0 million, or 20%, to $36.4 million in 2004 from $45.4 million in 2003, primarily representing a $7.5 million decrease in amortization related to the customer list intangible assets and other amortizable assets acquired in the Chicago market transaction during 2002. The customer list assets are amortized using the declining balance method, based on average customer retention periods of each customer list. Therefore, decreasing amounts of amortization expense will be recorded in each 12-month period following the establishment of each customer list asset. Amortization and accretion expense includes $3.7 million of accretion related to the asset retirement obligation in 2004 and $3.2 million in 2003. Loss on impairment of intangible assets totaled $49.6 million in 2003. As discussed previously, U.S. Cellular restated its 2003 and 2002 financial statements related to the implementation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” In connection with this restatement, U.S. Cellular reperformed the annual impairment test for its investment in licenses for 2003, which was originally performed during the second quarter of 2003. This resulted in the recognition of an additional impairment loss of $49.6 million, before an income tax benefit of $19.6 million. The 2004 annual impairment tests for investments in licenses and goodwill were performed in the second quarter of 2004. Other than a license impairment loss of $1.8 million recorded on the Daytona market that is currently subject to a definitive agreement for sale to MetroPCS, no impairment losses resulted from the 2004 annual impairment tests. See “Investment and Other Income (Expense)” for a discussion of this license impairment loss. Loss (gain) on assets of operations held for saletotaled a gain of $0.7 million in 2004 and a loss of $23.6 million in 2003. The amount recorded in 2004 was a reduction of a $22.0 million estimated loss recorded in the fourth quarter 2003 on the sale of U.S. Cellular markets in southern Texas to AT&T Wireless on February 17, 2004. The result was an aggregate loss of $21.3 million, representing the difference between the carrying value of the markets sold and the cash received in the transaction. The southern Texas markets sold to AT&T Wireless were included in consolidated operations from January 1, 2004 through February 17, 2004. The $23.6 million loss in 2003 represented the difference between the fair value of the assets U.S. Cellular received and expects to receive in the AT&T Wireless exchange transaction which was completed in August 2003, and the recorded value of the assets it transferred to AT&T Wireless. Operating IncomeOperating income increased $41.5 million, or 44%, to $136.2 million in 2004 from $94.7 million in 2003. The operating income margins (as a percent of service revenues) were 6.9% in 2004 and 5.3% in 2003. The increase in operating income and operating income margin in 2004 reflects the following: - the Loss on impairment of intangible assets recorded in 2003;
- the Loss on assets of operations held for sale recorded in 2003 related to the asset exchange transaction with AT&T Wireless;
- increased service revenues, driven by growth in the number of customers served by U.S. Cellular's systems and an increase in average monthly revenue per customer;
- a decline in amortization and accretion expense, primarily due to the reduction in the amortization of the customer list asset related to the Chicago market;
- a slight decline in system operations expense, primarily driven by the effects of the divestitures of markets to AT&T Wireless in 2003 and 2004 and an ongoing reduction both in the per-minute cost of usage on U.S. Cellular’s systems and in negotiated roaming rates; and
- reductions in billing expense.
These factors were partially offset by the following: - increased minutes of use and cell sites in service;
- increased selling, general and administrative expense, primarily due to the increases in commissions and agent payments, advertising expenses and expenses related to acquiring, serving and retaining additional customers;
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- increased equipment subsidies, primarily due to the increase in the number of handsets sold to new customers and related to the renewal or upgrade of service contracts of existing U.S. Cellular customers as well as the increased subsidy per handset; and
- increased depreciation expense, primarily driven by an increase in average fixed assets related to ongoing improvements to U.S. Cellular’s wireless network and a change in the useful lives of certain fixed assets.
U.S. Cellular expects most of the above factors to continue to have an effect on operating income and operating margins for the next several quarters provided that, except to the extent disclosed in this Form 10-Q, U.S. Cellular cannot anticipate the extent to which the factors related to Loss on impairment of intangible assets and (Gain) loss on assets of operations held for sale may have an effect, if any, since these will depend on the outcome of future events. Any changes in the above factors, as well as the effects of other drivers of U.S. Cellular’s operating results, may cause operating income and operating margins to fluctuate over the next several quarters. U.S. Cellular plans to incur additional expenses during the remainder of 2004 as it competes in its established markets and in recently launched markets. Additionally, U.S. Cellular plans to build out its network into other as yet unserved portions of its licensed areas, and expects to begin sales and marketing operations in those areas in 2005 and subsequent years. U.S. Cellular launched its brand of data-related wireless services in many of its markets in the second half of 2003, and expects to incur expenses related to its continued marketing of data-related wireless services in the next few years. As a result, depending on the timing and effectiveness of these initiatives, U.S. Cellular anticipates that operating income will range from $150 million to $175 million for the full year of 2004, including $500 million of anticipated depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses, compared to $119 million of operating income in 2003. U.S. Cellular anticipates that service revenues will total approximately $2.65 billion for the full year of 2004, compared to service revenues of $2.4 billion in 2003. The anticipated service revenue growth in 2004 reflects the continued growth in U.S. Cellular’s customer base and the continued marketing of data-related wireless services in its markets, partially offset by the effects of the sale of properties to AT&T Wireless in February 2004 and the markets transferred to AT&T Wireless in the exchange transaction completed in August 2003. Depending on the timing and effectiveness of its marketing efforts, U.S. Cellular anticipates that net customer activations from its marketing channels will total 615,000 to 645,000 for the full year of 2004. However, management anticipates that average monthly service revenue per customer will decrease slightly, as retail service revenue per minute of use and inbound roaming revenue per minute of use decline. U.S. Cellular anticipates that its net costs associated with customer growth, service and retention, initiation of new services, launches in new markets and fixed asset additions will continue to grow. U.S. Cellular anticipates that its net customer retention costs will increase in the future as competitive pressures continue and as per unit handset costs increase without compensating increases in the per unit sales price of handsets to customers and agents. Management believes there exists a seasonality in both service revenues, which tend to increase more slowly in the first and fourth quarters, and operating expenses, which tend to be higher in the fourth quarter than in the other quarters due to increased marketing activities and customer growth, which may cause operating income to vary from quarter to quarter. Management anticipates that the impact of such seasonality will decrease in the future, particularly as it relates to operating expenses, as the proportion of full year customer activations derived from fourth quarter holiday sales is expected to decline to reflect ongoing, rather than seasonal, promotions of U.S. Cellular’s products. 36
Effects of Competition on Operating Income U.S. Cellular competes directly with several wireless communications services providers, including enhanced specialized mobile radio service providers, in each of its markets. In general, there are between five and seven competitors in each wireless market in which U.S. Cellular provides service. U.S. Cellular generally competes against each of the six near-nationwide wireless companies: Verizon Wireless, Sprint PCS Group (and affiliates), Cingular Wireless LLC, AT&T Wireless, T-Mobile USA Inc. and Nextel Communications. However, not all six competitors operate in all markets where U.S. Cellular does business. U.S. Cellular believes that these competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, sales, purchasing and distribution resources than it does. In addition, Cingular Wireless LLC has recently acquired AT&T Wireless, which increased this competitor’s financial, technical, marketing, sales, purchasing and distribution resources. The use of national advertising and promotional programs by such national wireless operators may be a source of additional competitive and pricing pressures in all U.S. Cellular markets, even if those operators may not provide service in a particular market. U.S. Cellular provides wireless services comparable to the national competitors, but the other wireless companies operate in a wider geographic area and are able to offer no- or low-cost roaming and long-distance calling packages over a wider area on their own networks than U.S. Cellular can offer on its network. If U.S. Cellular offers the same calling area as one of these competitors, it will incur roaming charges for calls made in portions of the calling area that are not part of its network. In the Midwest, U.S. Cellular’s largest contiguous service area, it can offer larger regional service packages without incurring significant roaming charges than it is able to offer in other parts of its network. U.S. Cellular also employs a customer satisfaction strategy throughout its markets which it believes has contributed to a relatively low customer churn rate. Some of U.S. Cellular’s competitors bundle other services, such as landline telephone service and internet access, with their wireless communications services, which U.S. Cellular either does not have the ability to offer or has chosen not to offer. In addition, U.S. Cellular competes against both larger and smaller regional wireless companies in certain areas, including ALLTEL, Western Wireless Corporation and Rural Cellular Corporation, and against resellers of wireless services. Since each of these competitors operates on systems using spectrum licensed by the FCC and has comparable technology and facilities, competition for customers among these systems in each market is principally on the basis of quality of service, price, size of area covered, services offered and responsiveness of customer service. Since U.S. Cellular’s competitors do not disclose their subscriber counts in specific regional service areas, market share for the competitors in each regional market cannot be accurately determined. Effects of Wireless Number Portability on Operating Income The FCC has adopted wireless number portability rules requiring wireless carriers to allow a customer to retain, subject to certain geographical limitations, their existing telephone number when switching from one telecommunications carrier to another. These rules have become effective for all U.S. Cellular markets on or before May 24, 2004. U.S. Cellular has been successful in facilitating number portability requests in a timely manner. The implementation of wireless number portability has not had a material effect on U.S. Cellular’s results of operations to date. However, U.S. Cellular is unable to predict the impact that the implementation of number portability will have in the future. The implementation of wireless number portability may increase churn rates for U.S. Cellular and other wireless companies, as the ability of customers to retain their wireless telephone numbers removes a significant barrier for customers who wish to change wireless carriers. However, to the extent U.S. Cellular loses customers, the effect may be offset to the extent it is able to obtain additional new customers who wish to change their service from other wireless carriers as a result of wireless number portability. The future volume of any porting requests, and the processing costs related thereto, may increase U.S. Cellular’s operating costs in the future. Any of the above factors could have an adverse effect on U.S. Cellular’s competitive position, costs of obtaining new subscribers, liquidity, financial position and results of operations. 37
Investment and Other Income (Expense) totaled $(14.4) million in 2004 and $(11.0) million in 2003. Investment income increased $14.7 million, or 40%, to $51.9 million in 2004 from $37.2 million in 2003. Investment income primarily represents U.S. Cellular’s share of net income from the markets managed by others that are accounted for by the equity method. The aggregate net income of these investment markets increased significantly in 2004, resulting in a corresponding increase in investment income. Interest and dividend income increased $0.3 million, or 10%, to $3.2 million in 2004 from $2.9 million in 2003. Interest income primarily includes interest earned on U.S. Cellular cash balances. Dividend income is earned on the investment in Vodafone stock. Vodafone’s semiannual dividend increased 21% in 2004 compared to 2003. Interest (expense) increased $17.4 million, or 37%, to $64.9 million in 2004 from $47.5 million in 2003. Interest expense in 2004 is primarily related to U.S. Cellular’s 6.7% notes ($24.4 million); its 7.25% notes ($11.6 million); its 8.75% notes ($8.6 million); its 7.5% notes ($7.3 million); its Liquid Yield Option Notes ($5.9 million); its revolving credit facilities with a series of banks ($2.5 million); its Vodafone forward contracts ($2.2 million); and its Intercompany Note with TDS (the “Intercompany Note”) ($0.9 million). See below for a discussion of the repayments of the Intercompany Note, the Liquid Yield Option Notes and the 7.25% notes during 2004. Interest expense in 2003 primarily related to U.S. Cellular’s 7.25% notes ($13.9 million); its 8.75% notes ($8.5 million); its revolving credit facilities with a series of banks ($7.9 million); its Liquid Yield Option Notes ($7.0 million); its Intercompany Note with TDS ($6.5 million); and its Vodafone forward contracts ($2.2 million). The overall increase in interest expense in the first nine months of 2004 is primarily due to the effect of the issuance of the 6.7% notes in December 2003 and June 2004, the issuance of the 7.5% notes in June 2004 and subsequent repayment of lower variable interest rate revolving credit facility borrowings in December 2003. The Liquid Yield Option Notes accreted interest at 6% annually, but did not require current cash payments of interest. All accreted interest was added to the outstanding principal balance on June 15 and December 15 of each year for purposes of calculating interest expense. U.S. Cellular redeemed all of such notes for cash as of July 26, 2004. U.S. Cellular’s $250 million principal amount of 7.25% senior notes were unsecured and were due in August 2007. Interest on such notes was payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year. U.S. Cellular redeemed such notes on August 16, 2004. U.S. Cellular’s $130 million principal amount of 8.75% senior notes are unsecured and become due in November 2032. Interest on such notes is payable quarterly on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year. U.S. Cellular’s $544 million principal amount of 6.7% senior notes are unsecured and become due in December 2033. Interest on such notes is payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year. U.S. Cellular originally issued $444 million of the 6.7% notes in December 2003 in order to reduce the use of its revolving credit facility and the related interest rate risk. An additional $100 million of such notes was issued in June 2004. The proceeds of such additional issuance, together with the proceeds of the 7.5% notes discussed below, were used to redeem the Liquid Yield Option Notes on July 26, 2004. The balance of the net proceeds, together with borrowings under the revolving credit agreement, was used to redeem all of U.S. Cellular’s 7.25% senior notes on August 16, 2004. As of June 17, 2004, U.S. Cellular issued $330 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% senior notes due 2034. These notes are unsecured and interest on such notes is payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year. For information regarding U.S. Cellular’s Revolving Credit Facilities, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Revolving Credit Facilities.” For information regarding the Intercompany Note from TDS, see “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.” 38
Loss on investments totaled $1.8 million in 2004 and $3.5 million in 2003. A $3.5 million license impairment loss was recorded in 2003 related to U.S. Cellular’s investment in a non-operational market in Florida that remained with U.S. Cellular after the exchange with AT&T Wireless was completed in August 2003. An additional impairment loss of $1.8 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2004 to reflect a further impairment in the carrying value of the same investment. In September 2004, U.S. Cellular entered into an agreement to sell this market to MetroPCS. No gain or loss is expected on the sale. Income TaxesIncome tax expense increased $8.7 million, or 23% to $46.4 million in 2004 from $37.7 million in 2003 primarily due to higher pretax income. In addition, in 2004, U.S. Cellular recorded income tax expense of $3.3 million on the pending sale of certain assets to ALLTEL, and recorded tax benefits of $6.0 million primarily resulting from the substantial completion of the audit of TDS’s consolidated federal income tax returns for 1997 through 2001. U.S. Cellular and its subsidiaries are included in the TDS consolidated group. In 2003, U.S. Cellular recorded tax benefits of $27.7 million on Loss on investments, Loss on impairment of intangible assets and (Gain) loss on assets of operations held for sale. The effective tax rate was 38.1% in 2004 and was 45.1% in 2003 including the effect of the losses and gains. Excluding the tax effects of losses and gains, the effective tax rate on operations was 33.4% in 2004 and 40.8% in 2003. For further analysis and discussion of U.S. Cellular’s effective tax rates in 2004 and 2003, see Note 4 – Income Taxes. TDS and U.S. Cellular are parties to a Tax Allocation Agreement, pursuant to which U.S. Cellular is included in a consolidated federal income tax return with other members of the TDS consolidated group. For financial reporting purposes, U.S. Cellular computes federal income taxes as if it was filing a separate return as its own affiliated group and was not included in the TDS group. Cumulative Effect of Accounting ChangeEffective January 1, 2003, U.S. Cellular adopted SFAS No.143 “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” and recorded the initial liability for legal obligations associated with an asset retirement. The cumulative effect of the implementation of this accounting standard on periods prior to 2003 was recorded in the first quarter of 2003, decreasing net income by $14.3 million, net of tax and minority interest, or $0.17 per basic and diluted share. Net IncomeNet incomeincreased $46.4 million, to $68.5 million in 2004 from $22.1 million in 2003.Diluted earnings per sharewas $0.79 in 2004 and $0.26 in 2003. 39
Three Months Ended September 30, 2004 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2003As discussed previously, pursuant to its revised accounting for leases, U.S. Cellular recorded out-of-period adjustments to operating revenues and operating expenses during the third quarter of 2004. The adjustments were not considered material to the current year or any prior years’earnings, earnings trends or individual financial statement line items. The adjustments were recorded in the current quarter ended September 30, 2004, and no prior periods were adjusted. The impact of the out-of-period adjustments on the affected line items in U.S. Cellular’s consolidated Statement of Operations is as follows: |