Par Pacific (PARR) 424B5 Prospectus supplement for primary offering

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-229528

The information in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not offers to sell these securities, nor are they soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to completion, dated March 15, 2021

Preliminary prospectus supplement

(To prospectus dated February 15, 2019)

5,000,000 shares

Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.

Common stock

We are offering 5,000,000 shares of our common stock.

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PARR.” On March 12, 2021, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $19.66 per share.

	Per share	Total
Public offering price
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)
Proceeds, before expenses, to us

(1) We have also agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain of their expenses in connection with this offering. See “Underwriting.”

The underwriters also have the option to purchase up to an additional 750,000 shares from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement.

Delivery of the shares of common stock will be made on or about                 , 2021 through the book-entry facilities of the Depository Trust Company.

Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement.

In order to avoid an “ownership change” for federal income tax purposes, our certificate of incorporation prohibits any person from becoming a holder of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock, and restricts the ability of any holder of 5% or more of our common stock from disposing of or acquiring shares of our common stock without our consent, except under limited circumstances. Consequently, there are limitations on the acquisition of shares of common stock as described in this prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Joint book-running managers

J.P. Morgan Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

The date of this prospectus supplement is                 , 2021

Table of contents

Prospectus supplement

	Page
About this prospectus supplement		S-ii
Cautionary note regarding forward looking statements		S-ii
Summary		S-1
The offering		S-5
Risk factors		S-6
Use of Proceeds		S-10
Capitalization		S-11
Material U.S. federal income tax consequences to non-U.S. holders		S-13
Underwriting		S-18
Legal matters		S-27
Experts		S-27
Where you can find more information		S-27
Incorporation of certain documents by reference		S-28

Prospectus

About this prospectus	i
Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.	1
Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements	4
Where you can find more information	5
Incorporation of certain documents by reference	6
Risk factors	7
Use of proceeds	8
Description of debt securities	9
Description of capital stock	19
Description of depositary shares	28
Description of warrants	30
Description of subscription rights	32
Description of purchase contracts	33
Description of units	34
Forms of securities	35
Plan of distribution	37
Legal matters	40
Experts	40

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About this prospectus supplement

This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering. The second part, the accompanying base prospectus, gives more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. You should read the entire prospectus supplement, as well as the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference that are described under “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” in the accompanying base prospectus and in this prospectus supplement. In the event that the information contained in this prospectus supplement differs or varies from the information contained in the accompanying base prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in this prospectus supplement. You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus or to which we have referred you. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and any “free writing prospectus.” If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. The information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus or in any document incorporated by reference herein or therein is accurate only as of the date hereof or thereof, as applicable, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus or of any sale of our common stock by the underwriters. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such date. If any statement in one of those documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date, for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus, the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

This prospectus supplement contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. See “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements

Certain statements in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference herein may constitute “forward-looking” statements as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), or in releases made by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), all as may be amended from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “seeks,” “scheduled to,” or other similar words, or the negative of these words or other variations of these words or comparable language, or by discussion of strategy or intentions. These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of such laws. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements included in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein and therein. Please read “Risk Factors” on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement. The risk factors and other factors noted throughout this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

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The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein and therein by reference are largely based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors. Although we believe such estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control. In addition, management’s assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate. All readers are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein and therein by reference are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any reader that such statements will be realized or that the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements due to factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and elsewhere in the documents we incorporate herein by reference. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf.

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Summary

This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference for a more a complete understanding of this offering of shares of our common stock. You should read “Risk Factors” for more information about important risks that you should consider carefully before buying our common stock.

In this prospectus supplement, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires.

The company

We own and operate market-leading energy and infrastructure businesses. Our strategy is to acquire and develop energy and infrastructure businesses in logistically-complex markets.

Our business is organized into three primary operating segments:

• Refining—We own and operate four refineries, including one idled refinery, with total operating throughput capacity of over 150 thousand barrels per day (“Mbpd”). Our refineries in Kapolei, Hawaii, produce ultra-low sulfur diesel (“ULSD”), gasoline, jet fuel, marine fuel, low sulfur fuel oil, and other associated refined products primarily for consumption in Hawaii. We idled one of our Kapolei refineries in the first quarter of 2020 for economic reasons. Our refinery in Newcastle, Wyoming, produces gasoline, ULSD, jet fuel, and other associated refined products that are primarily marketed in Wyoming and South Dakota. Our refinery in Tacoma, Washington, produces distillates, gasoline, asphalt, and other associated refined products that are primarily marketed in the Pacific Northwest.

• Retail—We operate 123 fuel retail outlets in Hawaii, Washington, and Idaho. Our fuel retail outlets in Hawaii sell gasoline and diesel throughout the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, and Kauai. We operate convenience stores at 34 of our Hawaii retail fuel outlets that sell merchandise such as soft drinks, prepared foods, and other sundries. Our Hawaii retail network includes Hele and “76” branded fuel retail sites, company-operated convenience stores, 7-Eleven operated convenience stores, other sites operated by third parties, and unattended cardlock stations. Through December 31, 2020, we rebranded 42 of our fueling stations in Hawaii to Hele (the Hawaiian word for movement or “let’s go”) and all 34 company-operated convenience stores in Hawaii to “nomnom,” a new proprietary brand. Our retail outlets in Washington and Idaho sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise and operate under the “Cenex^®” and “Zip Trip^®” brand names. We began to rebrand our 33 Washington and Idaho locations during December 2020 to “nomnom” and the rebranding of four sites was completed as of December 31, 2020.

• Logistics—We operate an extensive multi-modal logistics network spanning the Pacific, the Northwest, and the Rockies. We own and operate terminals, pipelines, a single point mooring, and trucking operations to distribute refined products throughout the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Molokai, and Kauai. We lease marine vessels for the movement of petroleum, refined products, and ethanol between the U.S. West Coast and Hawaii. We own and operate a crude oil pipeline gathering system, a refined products pipeline, storage facilities, and loading racks in Wyoming and a jet fuel storage facility and pipeline that serve Ellsworth Air

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Force Base in South Dakota. We own and operate logistics assets in Washington, including a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, storage facilities, a truck rack, and a proprietary pipeline that serves Joint Base Lewis McChord. In 2020, we completed a project at our Tacoma, Washington location to allow for the storage and shipment of ethanol through our unit train and marine terminals.

We also own a 46.0% equity investment in Laramie Energy, LLC (“Laramie Energy”), a joint venture entity focused on producing natural gas in Garfield, Mesa and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado.

On January 9, 2018, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with CHS Inc. to acquire 21 owned retail gasoline, convenience store facilities and 12 leased retail gasoline, convenience store facilities at various locations in Washington and Idaho (collectively, “Northwest Retail”). On March 23, 2018, we completed the acquisition for cash consideration of approximately $74.5 million. The results of operations of Northwest Retail are included in our retail segment commencing March 23, 2018.

On August 29, 2018, we entered into a Topping Unit Purchase Agreement with IES Downstream, LLC to purchase certain of its refining units and related assets in addition to certain hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon inventory (collectively, the “Par West Acquisition”). On December 19, 2018, we completed the Par West Acquisition for total consideration of approximately $66.9 million, net of a $4.3 million receivable related to net working capital adjustments. The purchase price consisted of $47.6 million in cash and approximately 1.1 million shares of our common stock with a fair value of $19.3 million. The results of operations of the acquired assets are included in our refining segment commencing December 19, 2018.

On November 26, 2018, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement to acquire U.S. Oil & Refining Co. and certain affiliated entities, a privately-held downstream business (the “Washington Acquisition”). The Washington Acquisition included a 42 Mbpd refinery, a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, and 2.9 million barrels of refined product and crude oil storage. The refinery and associated logistics system are strategically located in Tacoma, Washington, and currently serve the Pacific Northwest market. On January 11, 2019, we completed the Washington Acquisition for a total purchase price of $326.5 million, including acquired working capital, consisting of cash consideration of $289.5 million and approximately 2.4 million shares of our common stock with a fair value of $37.0 million. The Washington refinery’s results of operations are included in our refining and logistics segments commencing January 11, 2019.

Our Corporate and Other reportable segment primarily includes general and administrative costs.

Recent developments

Impact of COVID-19 update

The COVID-19 pandemic, in conjunction with related government and other preventative measures taken to mitigate the spread of the virus, have caused severe disruptions in the worldwide economy, including the global demand for crude oil and refined products, the movement of people and goods in the United States, and the global supply chain for industrial and commercial production, all of which have in turn disrupted our businesses and operations.

We continue to actively respond to the impacts that these matters are having on our business. We decreased throughput rates at our Hawaii and Wyoming refineries in response to reduced refined product demand, idled one of our Hawaii refineries, completed our turnaround in Hawaii later in 2020 than previously planned, and reduced the scope of our Washington turnaround scheduled in the first quarter of 2021. In addition, we adjusted production of certain refined products to meet the changing local demand profile. We continue to maintain an

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ample supply of refined products to meet the refined product needs in the regions in which we operate. On May 5, 2020, we announced that 29 employees were furloughed in response to the previously announced decline in throughput rates at our refineries in Kapolei, Hawaii, and our President and Chief Executive Officer and the independent members of the Company’s Board of Directors reduced their cash salaries by 75% through October 2020. In response to sustained decreased demand for refined products in Hawaii, we significantly reduced discretionary spending company-wide and, in early October 2020, we reduced headcount in our refining segment in Hawaii. In November 2020, we announced that we were taking additional measures to reduce our operating expenses. These measures include non-renewal of the leases of certain marine assets to more closely align our logistics capability with reduced demand. As of December 31, 2020, the Par West refinery had been idle for more than nine months due to the reduction in demand resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the length of idle time and the high cost to restart the refinery and no current plans or timeline to do so, we recorded an impairment charge of $17.9 million to write off the corresponding assets and accumulated depreciation for all assets other than land that are not expected to be used as part of our ongoing refining operations in Hawaii.

We have undertaken additional liquidity-enhancing measures, including deferring or delaying certain capital expenditures originally planned for 2020 and early 2021 related to turnaround activities at three of our refineries and, in early June 2020, accessing the capital markets to issue $105 million aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes due 2026. Interest rates associated with our inventory financing arrangements and borrowings under those inventory financing arrangements have also declined. In addition, we closed the Sale-Leaseback Transaction described below.

We believe the steps we have taken have strengthened our ability to operate through current conditions. We also utilized some of the tax payment deferral opportunities and federal refund acceleration opportunities provided by the IRS, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, and various state-specific provisions. We continue to maintain existing processes and procedures including, but not limited to, processes and procedures around protection of our technology systems and proprietary data, even though a significant number of our employees are working from home. During this time of uncertainty, the health and wellbeing of our employees and customers are our top priorities as we continue navigating the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing and the impacts of the virus on people and businesses continue to evolve. In Washington, for example, mandatory self-quarantine orders have been lifted and replaced by recommended self-quarantines for travelers arriving from areas of high COVID-19 activity. Beginning October 15, 2020, U.S. travelers to the state of Hawaii have an option to take a rapid COVID-19 test as an alternative to a 14-day quarantine if they test negative. The State of Hawaii has also begun to allow visitors from Japan to enter the state with a recent negative COVID-19 test, and certain airlines have resumed scheduled flights between Japan and Hawaii. We continue to actively monitor the impact of the global situation on our people, operations, financial condition, liquidity, suppliers, customers, and industry. Due to the rapid development and fluidity of the situation, the full magnitude of the COVID-19 impact on our financial condition, future results of operations, and future cash flows and liquidity is uncertain and has been and may continue to be material.

Sale-leaseback transaction

On February 11, 2021, Par Hawaii, LLC (“PHL”) and Par Property LLC (collectively, the “Sellers”), both our wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into a Purchase Agreement and Escrow Instructions (the “Purchase Agreement”) with MDC Coast HI 1, LLC, a subsidiary of Realty Income Corporation (the “Buyer”), and Fidelity

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National Title Insurance Company, pursuant to which the Sellers and Buyer agreed to consummate a sale-leaseback transaction (the “Sale-Leaseback Transaction”). Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Sellers agreed to sell to the Buyer a total of 22 retail convenience store/fuel station properties located in Hawaii (the “Sale-Leaseback Properties”) for an aggregate cash purchase price of $116.1 million.

On February 23, 2021, the Sellers and Buyer closed the Sale-Leaseback Transaction with respect to 21 Sale-Leaseback Properties for an aggregate cash purchase price of approximately $109.4 million. On March 12, 2021, the Sellers and Buyer closed the Sale-Lease Back Transaction with respect to the remaining property for the remaining aggregate cash purchase price of approximately $6.7 million.

We used approximately $53.1 million of the net cash proceeds to repay our Retail Property Term Loan and related interest rate swap, our PHL Term Loan and our Mid Pac Term Loan, which were related to certain of the Sale-Leaseback Properties, and expect to use the remainder for general corporate purposes.

Upon the closing of the sale of the Sale-Leaseback Properties, PHL entered into a Master Land and Building Lease Agreement (the “Lease Agreement”) with the Buyer, pursuant to which, among other things, PHL leased the Sale-Leaseback Properties from the Buyer, on a commercial triple-net basis, for 15 years, unless earlier terminated. The initial lease term may be extended for up to four five-year renewal terms in accordance with the terms of the Lease Agreement. Under the terms of the Lease Agreement, PHL is responsible for monthly rent and all expenses related to the leased facilities, including, but not limited to, insurance premiums, taxes, and other expenses, such as utilities.

In connection with PHL’s entry into the Lease Agreement, Par Petroleum, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a guaranty agreement in favor of the Buyer, pursuant to which, among other things, Par Petroleum, LLC guaranteed the payment when due of the monthly rent, and all other additional rent, interest, and charges payable by PHL to the Buyer under the Lease Agreement, and the performance by PHL of all the material terms, conditions, covenants, and agreements of the Lease Agreement.

Potential sponsorship of blank check company

We are considering the sponsorship and formation of a blank check company, which would be focused on identifying an acquisition target business involved in the North American energy value chain, specifically with a focus on sustainability and energy transition themes. To the extent that we pursue this opportunity, we anticipate that all of the founder shares or private placement warrants that are typically granted in transactions of this type would be owned by the Company.

Neither this prospectus supplement, nor the accompanying base prospectus or any document incorporated by reference herein or therein, constitute an offer of any securities in the potential blank check company.

Corporate information

Our principal executive office is located at 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024. Our telephone number is (281) 899-4800, and our website is www.parpacific.com. The information on our website or on any other website is not part of this prospectus supplement, and you should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, any related free writing prospectus and in the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference when making a decision as to whether to buy our common stock in this offering.

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The offering

Issuer Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.

Shares of common stock offered 5,000,000 shares.

Option to purchase additional shares The underwriters also have the option to purchase up to an additional 750,000 shares from us within 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement.

Shares of common stock outstanding after this offering(1) 59,002,538 shares (59,752,538 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

Use of proceeds We estimate that, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, we will receive approximately $         million of net proceeds from this offering, or $         million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including repaying indebtedness, capital expenditures and funding working capital. Please read “Use of Proceeds.”

NYSE symbol “PARR”

Risk factors You should carefully consider the “Risk Factors” on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement and in our other filings with the SEC before making an investment in our common stock.

(1) The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 54,002,538 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020, including 592,941 shares of unvested restricted stock, and excludes:

• 1,451,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options, at a weighted-average exercise price of $19.86 per share;

• 183,491 shares of our common stock issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock units;

• 505,983 additional shares of our common stock available for future issuance under our Second Amended and Restated 2012 Long Term Incentive Plan; and

• 286,809 additional shares of our common stock available for future issuance under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Except as otherwise noted, all information in this prospectus supplement assumes that the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is not exercised in this offering.

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Risk factors

Investing in shares of our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before investing, you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this prospectus supplement, including the risk factors incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and other filings we make with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer, and you could lose your investment in us.

Risks related to this offering and our common stock

Because our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering, you may not agree with how we use the proceeds, and we may not invest the proceeds successfully.

Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of the proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether we are using the proceeds appropriately. It is possible that we may invest the proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us.

Because we have no near term plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock, investors must look solely to stock appreciation for a return on their investment in us.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the near term. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects, and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our common stock or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline.

The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover our company downgrades our common stock or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline.

The price of our common stock historically has been volatile. This volatility may affect the price at which you could sell your common stock.

The market price for our common stock has varied between a high of $20.18 on March 12, 2021 and a low of $5.91 on September 28, 2020, during the twelve month period ended March 12, 2021. This volatility may affect the price at which you could sell your common stock. Our stock price is likely to continue to be volatile and subject to significant price and volume fluctuations in response to market and other factors; variations in our quarterly operating results from our expectations or those of securities analysts or investors; downward

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revisions in securities analysts’ estimates; and announcement by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments.

An impairment of an equity investment, a long-lived asset, or goodwill could reduce our earnings or negatively impact the value of our common stock.

Consistent with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, we evaluate our goodwill for impairment at least annually and our equity investments and long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite useful lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. For the investments we account for under the equity method, such as Laramie Energy, the impairment test requires us to consider whether the fair value of the equity investment as a whole, not the underlying net assets, has declined and whether that decline is other than temporary. If we determine that an other-than-temporary impairment is indicated, we would be required to recognize a non-cash charge to earnings with a correlative effect on equity and balance sheet leverage as measured by debt to total capitalization. As a result of the global economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and a steep decline in current and forecasted prices and demand for crude oil and refined products, the goodwill at our refining reporting units in Hawaii and Washington was fully impaired and the goodwill associated with our retail reporting unit in Washington and Idaho was partially impaired, resulting in a charge of $67.9 million in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. Additionally, as a result of our impairment evaluations of our investment in Laramie Energy, we recorded impairment charges of $45.3 million and $81.5 million on our consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These impairment charges or any additional impairment charges could have a negative impact on the price of our common stock. Additionally, there can be no assurance that no future impairment charge will be made with respect to our equity investments, goodwill, and long-lived assets.

The market for our common stock has been historically illiquid, which may affect your ability to sell your shares.

The volume of trading in our common stock has historically been low. In addition, a substantial amount of our common stock is held by two investors who have restrictions on their ability to sell the stock. The lack of substantial liquidity can adversely affect the price of our stock at a time when you might want to sell your shares. There is no guarantee that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be maintained on the NYSE, or that the volume of trading will be sufficient to allow for timely trades. Investors may not be able to sell their shares quickly or at the latest market price if trading in our stock is not active or if trading volume is limited. In addition, if trading volume in our common stock is limited, trades of relatively small numbers of shares may have a disproportionate effect on the market price of our common stock.

Delaware law, our charter documents and concentrated stock ownership may impede or discourage a takeover, which could reduce the market price of our common stock.

We are a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law impose various impediments to the ability of a third party to acquire control of us, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. For example, the change in ownership limitations contained in Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation could have the effect of discouraging or impeding an unsolicited takeover proposal. In addition, our board of directors or a committee thereof has the power, without stockholder approval, to designate the terms of one or more series of preferred stock and issue shares of preferred stock. The ability of our board of directors or a committee thereof to create and issue a new series of preferred stock and certain provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could impede a merger, takeover, or other business combination involving us or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer for our common stock, which, under certain circumstances, could reduce the market price of our common stock.

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Zell Credit Opportunities Master Fund, L.P. and Blackrock, Inc., together with their respective affiliates, each owned or had the right to acquire as of December 31, 2020 approximately 24.2% and 13.9%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock. The level of their combined ownership of shares of our common stock could have the effect of discouraging or impeding an unsolicited acquisition proposal.

We may issue preferred stock with terms that could adversely affect the voting power or value of our common stock and any future issuances of our common stock may reduce our stock price.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations, and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock.

Additionally, we are not restricted from issuing additional shares of common stock, or securities convertible into common stock, under a registration statement declared effective by the SEC. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock. However, one or more large issuances of our common stock, or securities convertible into our common stock, may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock.

The effect of the issuance of shares of common stock in this offering may be to dilute your ownership interest or lower the market price of our common stock.

In this offering, we are offering an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock. The increase in the number of outstanding shares of our common stock being issued in this offering would dilute a stockholder’s ownership interest or could have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock.

Conversion of our 5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 will dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders, or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.

Our approximately $48.7 million outstanding principal amount of 5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”) will mature on June 15, 2021. Pursuant to the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, on March 10, 2021 we gave notice of our election to settle all conversions of the Convertible Notes by our delivery of shares of our common stock for all such conversions occurring on or after March 15, 2021.

The conversion of some or all of the Convertible Notes will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we deliver shares of our common stock upon any such conversion. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion, or the anticipated conversion of the Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock, could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Convertible Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Convertible Notes could be used to satisfy short positions, which could depress the price of our common stock.

Investor sentiment towards climate change, fossil fuels, sustainability, and other Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) matters could adversely affect our business and our stock price.

There have been efforts in recent years aimed at the investment community, including investment advisors, sovereign wealth funds, public pension funds, universities, and other groups, to promote the divestment of shares of energy companies, as well as to pressure lenders and other financial services companies to limit or curtail activities with energy companies. As a result, some financial intermediaries, investors, and other capital markets participants have reduced or ceased lending to, or investing in, companies that operate in industries

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with higher perceived environmental exposure, such as the energy industry. For example, in December 2020, the State of New York announced that it will be divesting the state’s Common Retirement Fund from fossil fuels. If this or similar divestment efforts are continued, the price of our common stock or debt securities, and our ability to access capital markets or to otherwise obtain new investment or financing, may be negatively impacted.

Members of the investment community are also increasing their focus on ESG practices and disclosures, including practices and disclosures related to greenhouse gases and climate change in the energy industry in particular, and diversity and inclusion initiatives and governance standards among companies more generally. As a result, we may face increasing pressure regarding our ESG practices and disclosures. Additionally, members of the investment community may screen companies such as ours for ESG performance before investing in our common stock or debt securities or lending to us. Over the past few years there has also been an acceleration in investor demand for ESG investing opportunities, and many large institutional investors have committed to increasing the percentage of their portfolios that are allocated towards ESG-focused investments. As a result, there has been a proliferation of ESG-focused investment funds seeking ESG-oriented investment products.

If we are unable to meet the ESG standards or investment or lending criteria set by these investors and funds, we may lose investors, investors may allocate a portion of their capital away from us, our cost of capital may increase, the price of our common stock and debt securities may be negatively impacted, and our reputation may also be negatively affected.

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Use of proceeds

We expect to receive net proceeds from this offering of 5,000,000 shares of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions but before paying offering expenses, of approximately $            .

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including repaying indebtedness, capital expenditures and funding working capital.

The amounts and timing of our actual use of the net proceeds will vary depending on numerous factors. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering.

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Capitalization

The following table sets forth, on an unaudited basis, our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2020, as follows:

• on an actual basis;

• as adjusted to give effect to the consummation of the Sale-Leaseback Transaction and the use of proceeds received from such sale; and

• as further adjusted to give effect to the issuance and sale of the common stock offered hereby (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares).

The table below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our historical audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement (in thousands).

	As of December 31, 2020
	Actual			As adjusted			As further adjusted(4)
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	68,309		$	126,909
Principal amount of Long-term debt, including current maturities:
5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021		48,665			48,665			48,665
ABL Credit Facility due 2022(1)		—			—			—
Retail Property Term Loan due 2024		42,494			—			—
7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2025		300,000			300,000			300,000
Term Loan B due 2026		228,125			228,125			228,125
12.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2026		105,000			105,000			105,000
Mid Pac Term Loan due 2030		1,399			—			—
PHL Term Loan due 2030		5,840			—			—
Total principal amount of long-term debt		731,523			681,790			683,189
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, none issued		—			—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized (actual, adjusted and as further adjusted), 54,002,538 shares outstanding (actual and adjusted), 59,002,538 outstanding (as further adjusted)(2)		540			540
Additional paid-in capital(2)		726,504			726,504
Accumulated deficit(3)		(477,028	)		(477,028	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(3,742	)		(3,742	)
Total stockholders’ equity		246,274			246,274
Total capitalization	$	977,797		$	928,064

(1) The ABL Credit Facility is subject to borrowing base availability and is expected to be undrawn at the closing of this offering. As of December 31, 2020, the borrowing base under the ABL Credit Facility was approximately $39.8 million.

(2) The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on the number of shares outstanding on December 31, 2020 and excludes:

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• 1,451,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options, at a weighted-average exercise price of $19.86 per share;

• 183,491 shares of our common stock issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock units;

• 505,983 additional shares of our common stock available for future issuance under our Second Amended and Restated 2012 Long Term Incentive Plan; and

• 286,809 additional shares of our common stock available for future issuance under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

(3) Accumulated deficit excludes any potential gain or loss on sale of assets resulting from the Sale-Leaseback Transaction.

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Material U.S. federal income tax consequences to non-U.S. holders

The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock issued pursuant to this offering, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. The effects of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate and gift tax laws, and any applicable state, local or non-U.S. tax laws are not discussed. This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Treasury Regulations”), judicial decisions, and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), in each case as in effect as of the date hereof. These authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively in a manner that could adversely affect a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock. We have not sought and will not seek any rulings from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position to those discussed below regarding the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock.

This discussion is limited to Non-U.S. Holders that hold our common stock as a “capital asset” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to a Non-U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, including the impact of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to Non-U.S. Holders subject to special rules, including, without limitation:

• U.S. expatriates and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

• persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;

• persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;

• persons holding our common stock as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment;

• banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions;

• real estate investment trusts or regulated investment companies;

• brokers, dealers or traders in securities;

• “controlled foreign corporations,” “passive foreign investment companies,” and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax;

• partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);

• tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations;

• persons deemed to sell our common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the Code;

• persons who hold or receive our common stock pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation;

• “qualified foreign pension funds” (within the meaning of Section 897(1)(2) of the Code and entities, all of the interests of which are held by qualified foreign pension funds);

• tax-qualified retirement plans; and

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• persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to the common stock being taken into account in an applicable financial statement.

If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partnerships holding our common stock and partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.

THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK ARISING UNDER THE U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY.

Definition of a non-U.S. holder

For purposes of this discussion, a “Non-U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of our common stock that is neither a “U.S. person” nor an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. person is any person that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as any of the following:

• an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

• a corporation, or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

• an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or

• a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code), or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Distributions

We do not anticipate declaring or paying dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future.    However, if we do make distributions of cash or property on our common stock, such distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Amounts not treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes will constitute a return of capital and first be applied against and reduce a Non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its common stock, but not below zero. Any excess will be treated as capital gain and will be treated as described below under “—Sale or Other Taxable Disposition.”

Subject to the discussion below on effectively connected income, dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty, provided the Non-U.S. Holder furnishes to us or our paying agent prior to the payment of dividends a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable documentation) certifying qualification for the lower treaty rate). A Non-U.S. Holder that does not timely furnish the required documentation, but that qualifies for a reduced treaty rate, may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under any applicable income tax treaty.

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If dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such dividends are attributable), the Non-U.S. Holder will be exempt from the U.S. federal withholding tax described above. To claim the exemption, the Non-U.S. Holder must furnish to the applicable withholding agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

Any such effectively connected dividends will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular graduated rates. A Non-U.S. Holder that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on its effectively connected earnings and profits (as adjusted for certain items), which will include such effectively connected dividends. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding any applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

Sale or other taxable disposition

Subject to the discussion below under “—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding,” a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain realized upon the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock unless:

• the gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such gain is attributable);

• the Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the disposition and certain other requirements are met; or

• our common stock constitutes a United States real property interest (“USRPI”) by reason of our status as a United States real property holding corporation (“USRPHC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Gain described in the first bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular graduated rates. A Non-U.S. Holder that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on its effectively connected earnings and profits (as adjusted for certain items), which will include such effectively connected gain.

A Non-U.S. Holder described in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on any gain derived from the disposition, which may generally be offset by U.S. source capital losses of the Non-U.S. Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided the Non-U.S. Holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses.

With respect to the third bullet point above, we believe we currently are not, and do not anticipate becoming, a USRPHC. Because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends, however, on the fair market value of our USRPIs relative to the fair market value of our non-U.S. real property interests and our other business assets, there can be no assurance we currently are not a USRPHC or will not become one in the future. Even if we are or were to become a USRPHC, gain arising from the sale or other taxable disposition by a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if our common stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, and such Non-U.S. Holder owned, actually and constructively, 5% or less of our common stock throughout the shorter of the five-

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year period ending on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period. If we were to become a USRPHC and our common stock were not considered to be “regularly traded” on an established securities market during the calendar year in which the relevant disposition by a Non-U.S. Holder occurs, such Non-U.S. Holder (regardless of the percentage of stock owned) would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock and a 15% withholding tax would apply to the gross proceeds from such disposition.

Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding potentially applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

Information reporting and backup withholding

Payments of dividends on our common stock will not be subject to backup withholding, provided the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know the Non-U.S. Holder is a United States person and the Non-U.S. Holder either certifies its non-U.S. status, such as by furnishing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or W-8ECI, or otherwise establishes an exemption. However, information returns are required to be filed with the IRS in connection with any dividends on our common stock paid to the Non-U.S. Holder, regardless of whether any tax was actually withheld. In addition, proceeds of the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related brokers generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting if the applicable withholding agent receives the certification described above and does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such Non-U.S. Holder is a United States person, or the Non-U.S. Holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Proceeds of a disposition of our common stock conducted through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting.

Copies of information returns that are filed with the IRS may also be made available under the provisions of an applicable treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is established.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Additional withholding tax on payments made to foreign accounts

Withholding taxes may be imposed under Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code (such Sections commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or “FATCA”) on certain types of payments made to non-U.S. financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities. Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends on, or (subject to the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below) gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, our common stock paid to a “foreign financial institution” or a “non-financial foreign entity” (each as defined in the Code) (including, in some cases, when such foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity is acting as an intermediary), unless (1) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations, (2) the non-financial foreign entity either certifies it does not have any “substantial United States owners” (as defined in the Code) or furnishes identifying information regarding each direct and indirect substantial United States owner, or (3) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules and provides appropriate documentation (such as an IRS Form W-FBEN-E). If the payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence and reporting requirements in (1) above, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury requiring, among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain “specified United States

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persons” or “United States-owned foreign entities” (each as defined in the Code), annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial institutions and certain other account holders. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.

On December 18, 2018, the Treasury Department issued proposed regulations (Reg. 132881-17) which removed the requirement to withhold on the gross proceeds arising from sales or other dispositions of securities issued by a U.S. corporation. Therefore, no withholding under Section 1471 of the Code should apply to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our common stock under current IRS guidance. Withholding under FATCA generally applies to payments of dividends on our common stock to Non-U.S. Holders, unless the Non-U.S. Holder furnishes evidence of an exception described in the preceding paragraph.

Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding under FATCA to their investment in our common stock.

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Underwriting

We are offering the shares of common stock described in this prospectus supplement through a number of underwriters. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC are acting as joint book-running managers of the offering and as representatives of the underwriters. We have entered into an underwriting agreement with the underwriters. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, the number of shares of common stock listed next to its name in the following table:

Name	Number of shares
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
Total

The underwriters are committed to purchase all the common shares offered by us if they purchase any shares. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may also be increased or the offering may be terminated.

The underwriters propose to offer the common shares directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $             per share. Any such dealers may resell shares to certain other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to $             per share from the public offering price. After the initial offering of the shares to the public, if all of the common shares are not sold at the public offering price, the underwriters may change the offering price and the other selling terms. Sales of any shares made outside of the United States may be made by affiliates of the underwriters.

The underwriters have an option to buy up to 750,000 additional shares of common stock from us. The underwriters have 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement to exercise this option to purchase additional shares. If any shares are purchased with this option to purchase additional shares, the underwriters will purchase shares in approximately the same proportion as shown in the table above. If any additional shares of common stock are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on the same terms as those on which the shares are being offered.

The underwriting fee is equal to the public offering price per share of common stock less the amount paid by the underwriters to us per share of common stock. The underwriting fee is $             per share. The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.

	Without option to purchase additional shares exercise	With full option to purchase additional shares exercise
Per Share	$	$
Total	$	$

We estimate that the total expenses of this offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and accounting expenses, but excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $            .

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A prospectus supplement in electronic format may be made available on the web sites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in the offering. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters and selling group members that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

We have agreed that we will not (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or submit to, or file with, the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any shares of our common stock, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, loan, disposition or filing, or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers all or a portion of the economic consequences associated with the ownership of any shares of common stock or any such other securities (regardless of whether any of these transactions are to be settled by the delivery of shares of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise), in each case without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC for a period of 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, other than the shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering.

The restrictions on our actions, as described above, do not apply to certain transactions, including (i) the issuance of shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of our common stock pursuant to the conversion or exchange of convertible or exchangeable securities or the exercise of warrants or options (including net exercise) or the settlement of RSUs (including net settlement), in each case outstanding on the date of the underwriting agreement and described in this prospectus supplement; (ii) grants of stock options, stock awards, restricted stock, RSUs, or other equity awards and the issuance of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock (whether upon the exercise of stock options or otherwise) to our employees, officers, directors, advisors, or consultants pursuant to the terms of an equity compensation plan or stock purchase plan in effect as of the closing of this offering and described in this prospectus supplement; (iii) our filing of any registration statement on Form S-8 relating to securities granted or to be granted pursuant to any plan in effect on the date of the underwriting agreement and described in this prospectus supplement or any assumed benefit plan pursuant to an acquisition or similar strategic transaction; (iv) the transfer of shares of common stock to us in connection with the net or cashless exercise of awards pursuant to the equity compensation plan in effect on the closing of this offering and described in this prospectus supplement; or (v) amend an existing equity compensation plan or adopt a new equity compensation plan, file a registration statement on Form S-8 relating to securities granted or to be granted pursuant such amended or new equity compensation plan, and issue securities pursuant to such amended or new equity compensation plan, provided that such amended or new equity compensation plan satisfies the transaction requirements of General Instruction A.1 of Form S-8 under the Securities Act.

Our directors and executive officers (such persons, the “lock-up parties”) have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters prior to the commencement of this offering pursuant to which each lock-up party, with limited exceptions, for a period of 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement (such period, the “restricted period”), may not (and may not cause any of their direct or indirect affiliates to), without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock (including, without limitation, common stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such lock-up parties in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and securities which may be issued

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upon exercise of a stock option or warrant (collectively with the common stock, the “lock-up securities”)), (2) enter into any hedging, swap or other agreement or transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the lock-up securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of lock-up securities, in cash or otherwise, (3) make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any lock-up securities, or (4) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing. Such persons or entities have further acknowledged that these undertakings preclude them from engaging in any hedging or other transactions or arrangements (including, without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward, swap or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) designed or intended, or which could reasonably be expected to lead to or result in, a sale or disposition or transfer (by any person or entity, whether or not a signatory to such agreement) of any economic consequences of ownership, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, of any lock-up securities, whether any such transaction or arrangement (or instrument provided for thereunder) would be settled by delivery of lock-up securities, in cash or otherwise.

The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph and contained in the lock-up agreements between the underwriters and the lock-up parties do not apply, subject in certain cases to various conditions, to certain transactions, including (a) transfers of lock-up securities: (i) as bona fide gifts, or for bona fide estate planning purposes, (ii) by will or intestacy, (iii) to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the lock-up party or any immediate family member, (iv) to a partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which the lock-up party and its immediate family members are the legal and beneficial owner of all of the outstanding equity securities or similar interests, (v) to a nominee or custodian of a person or entity to whom a disposition or transfer would be permissible under clauses (i) through (iv), (vi) in the case of a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, (A) to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is an affiliate of the lock-up party, or to any investment fund or other entity controlling, controlled by, managing or managed by or under common control with the lock-up party or its affiliates or (B) as part of a distribution to members, partners or stockholders of the lock-up party; (vii) by operation of law, (viii) to us from an employee upon death, disability or termination of employment of such employee, (ix) as part of a sale of lock-up securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of this offering, (x) to us in connection with the vesting, settlement or exercise of restricted stock units, options, warrants or other rights to purchase shares of our common stock (including “net” or “cashless” exercise), including for the payment of exercise price and tax and remittance payments, (xi) pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction approved by our board of directors and made to all shareholders involving a change in control, provided that if such transaction is not completed, all such lock-up securities would remain subject to the restrictions in the immediately preceding paragraph, (xii) in transactions relating to shares of common stock or other securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of this offering or (xiii) in dispositions by the parties signing lock-up agreements in connection with this offering in an amount not to exceed an aggregate of 200,000 shares of common stock; (b) exercise of the options, settlement of RSUs or other equity awards, or the exercise of warrants granted pursuant to plans described in this prospectus supplement or an amended or newly adopted plan, provided that any lock-up securities received upon such exercise, vesting or settlement would be subject to restrictions similar to those in the immediately preceding paragraph; (c) the conversion of outstanding preferred stock, warrants to acquire preferred stock, or convertible securities into shares of our common stock or warrants to acquire shares of our common stock, provided that any common stock or warrant received upon such conversion would be subject to restrictions similar to those in the immediately preceding paragraph; (d) the establishment by lock-up parties of trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, provided that such plan does not provide for the transfer of lock-up securities during the restricted period; and (e) the sale of our common stock pursuant to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

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J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, in their sole discretion, may release the securities subject to any of the lock-up agreements with the underwriters described above, in whole or in part at any time.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.

Our common stock is listed/quoted on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PARR”.

In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, which involves making bids for, purchasing and selling shares of common stock in the open market for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock while this offering is in progress. These stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of common stock, which involves the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares of common stock than they are required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing shares of common stock on the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be “covered” shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares referred to above, or may be “naked” shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount. The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their option to purchase additional shares, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriters may purchase shares through the option to purchase additional shares. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.

The underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to Regulation M of the Securities Act of 1933, they may also engage in other activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock, including the imposition of penalty bids. This means that if the representatives of the underwriters purchase common stock in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short sales, the representatives can require the underwriters that sold those shares as part of this offering to repay the underwriting discount received by them.

These activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of the common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock, and, as a result, the price of the common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have provided in the past to us and our affiliates and may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for us and such affiliates in the ordinary course of their business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. In addition, from time to time, certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the account of customers, and hold on behalf of themselves or their customers, long or short positions in our debt or equity securities or loans, and may do so in the future. In addition, affiliates of certain of the underwriters are lenders under our ABL Credit Facility and the counterparty to our supply and offtake agreements.

Selling restrictions

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required.

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The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

Notice to prospective investors in Canada

The shares may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the shares must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

Pursuant to section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriters are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

Notice to prospective investors in the European Economic Area

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area (each a “Member State”), no shares have been offered or will be offered pursuant to the offering to the public in that Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares which has been approved by the competent authority in that Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Regulation, except that offers of shares may be made to the public in that Member State at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Regulation:

(a) to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined under the Prospectus Regulation;

(b) to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined under the Prospectus Regulation), subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriters; or

(c) in any other circumstances falling within Article 1(4) of the Prospectus Regulation,

provided that no such offer of shares shall require us or any underwriter to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation and each person who initially acquires any shares or to whom any offer is made will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed to and with each of the underwriters and the Company that it is a “qualified investor” within the meaning of Article 2(e) of the Prospectus Regulation. In the case of any shares being offered to a financial intermediary as that term is used in the Prospectus Regulation, each such financial

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intermediary will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that the shares acquired by it in the offer have not been acquired on a non-discretionary basis on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in circumstances which may give rise to an offer of any shares to the public other than their offer or resale in a Member State to qualified investors as so defined or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the underwriters have been obtained to each such proposed offer or resale.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to shares in any Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for any shares, and the expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.

Notice to prospective investors in the United Kingdom

In relation to the United Kingdom, no shares of common stock have been offered or will be offered pursuant to this offering to the public in the United Kingdom prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares that either (i) has been approved by the Financial Conduct Authority, or (ii) is to be treated as if it had been approved by the Financial Conduct Authority in accordance with the transitional provision in Regulation 74 of the Prospectus (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, except that offers of shares may be made to the public in the United Kingdom at any time under the following exemptions under the UK Prospectus Regulation:

(a) to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of the UK Prospectus Regulation;

(b) to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in Article 2 of the UK Prospectus Regulation); or

(c) in any other circumstances falling within section 86 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“FSMA”),

provided that no such offer of shares shall require the Issuer or any representative to publish a prospectus pursuant to section 85 of the FSMA or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the UK Prospectus Regulation.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any shares in any relevant state means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for any shares, and the expression “UK Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.

We have not authorized and do not authorize the making of any offer of shares through any financial intermediary on their behalf, other than offers made by the underwriters with a view to the final placement of the shares as contemplated in this prospectus. Accordingly, no purchaser of the shares, other than the underwriters, is authorized to make any further offer of the shares on behalf of us or the underwriters.

In addition, in the United Kingdom, this document is being distributed only to, and is directed only at, and any offer subsequently made may only be directed at persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in Article 2 of the UK Prospectus Regulation) (i) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended, or the Order, and/or (ii) who are high net worth companies (or persons to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated) falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”) or otherwise in circumstances which have not resulted and will not result in an offer to the public of the shares in the United Kingdom within the meaning of the FSMA.

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Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant person should not act or rely on the information included in this document or use it as basis for taking any action. In the United Kingdom, any investment or investment activity that this document relates to may be made or taken exclusively by relevant persons.

Notice to prospective investors in Switzerland

The shares may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document does not constitute a prospectus within the meaning of, and has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares or the offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, the Company, the shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of shares will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA (FINMA), and the offer of shares has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes (“CISA”). The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of shares.

Notice to prospective investors in Japan

The shares have not been and will not be registered pursuant to Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. Accordingly, none of the shares nor any interest therein may be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any “resident” of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the benefit of a resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan in effect at the relevant time.

Notice to prospective investors in Hong Kong

The shares have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (the “SFO”) of Hong Kong and any rules made thereunder; or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong (the “CO”) or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the CO. No advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares has been or may be issued or has been or may be in the possession of any person for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the SFO and any rules made thereunder.

Notice to prospective investors in Singapore

Each joint book-running manager has acknowledged that this prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, each joint book-running manager has

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represented and agreed that it has not offered or sold any shares or caused the shares to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase and will not offer or sell any shares or cause the shares to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and has not circulated or distributed, nor will it circulate or distribute, this prospectus or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than:

(a) to an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289) of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA;

(b) to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA) pursuant to Section 275(1) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA; or

(c) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:

(a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

(b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor,

securities or securities-based derivatives contracts (each term as defined in Section 2(1) of the SFA) of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:

(i) to an institutional investor or to a relevant person, or to any person arising from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) orSection 276(4)(i)(B) of the SFA;

(ii) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer;

(iii) where the transfer is by operation of law;

(iv) as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA; or

(v) as specified in Regulation 37A of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Securities and Securities-based Derivatives Contracts) Regulations 2018.

In connection with Section 309B of the SFA and the CMP Regulations 2018, unless otherwise specified before an offer of shares, the Company has determined, and hereby notifies all relevant persons (as defined in Section 309A(1) of the SFA), that the shares are “prescribed capital markets products” (as defined in the CMP Regulations 2018) and Excluded Investment Products (as defined in MAS Notice SFA 04-N12: Notice on the Sale of Investment Products and MAS Notice FAA-N16: Notice on Recommendations on Investment Products).

Notice to prospective investors in Australia

This prospectus:

(a) does not constitute a disclosure document or a prospectus under Chapter 6D.2 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (the “Corporations Act”);

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(b) has not been, and will not be, lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”), as a disclosure document for the purposes of the Corporations Act and does not purport to include the information required of a disclosure document for the purposes of the Corporations Act; and

(c) may only be provided in Australia to select investors who are able to demonstrate that they fall within one or more of the categories of investors, available under section 708 of the Corporations Act (“Exempt Investors”).

The shares may not be directly or indirectly offered for subscription or purchased or sold, and no invitations to subscribe for or buy the shares may be issued, and no draft or definitive offering memorandum, advertisement or other offering material relating to any shares may be distributed in Australia, except where disclosure to investors is not required under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act or is otherwise in compliance with all applicable Australian laws and regulations. By submitting an application for the shares, you represent and warrant to us that you are an Exempt Investor.

As any offer of shares under this document will be made without disclosure in Australia under Chapter 6D.2 of the Corporations Act, the offer of those securities for resale in Australia within 12 months may, under section 707 of the Corporations Act, require disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D.2 if none of the exemptions in section 708 applies to that resale. By applying for the shares you undertake to us that you will not, for a period of 12 months from the date of issue of the shares, offer, transfer, assign or otherwise alienate those shares to investors in Australia except in circumstances where disclosure to investors is not required under Chapter 6D.2 of the Corporations Act or where a compliant disclosure document is prepared and lodged with ASIC.

Notice to prospective investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre (“DIFC”)

This document relates to an Exempt Offer in accordance with the Markets Rules 2012 of the Dubai Financial Services Authority (“DFSA”). This document is intended for distribution only to persons of a type specified in the Markets Rules 2012 of the DFSA. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with Exempt Offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus supplement nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein and has no responsibility for this document. The securities to which this document relates may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of the securities offered should conduct their own due diligence on the securities. If you do not understand the contents of this document you should consult an authorized financial advisor.

In relation to its use in the DIFC, this document is strictly private and confidential and is being distributed to a limited number of investors and must not be provided to any person other than the original recipient, and may not be reproduced or used for any other purpose. The interests in the securities may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly to the public in the DIFC.

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Legal matters

The validity of the issuance of the common stock and certain other legal matters in connection with the issuance of the common stock will be passed upon for us by Porter Hedges LLP, Houston, Texas. Certain legal matters with respect to the common stock will be passed upon for the underwriters by Latham  & Watkins LLP, Houston, Texas.

Experts

The consolidated financial statements, and the related financial statement schedule, incorporated in this Prospectus Supplement by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the effectiveness of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements and financial statement schedule have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

Where you can find more information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Our filings are available to the public at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. We maintain a website at www.parpacific.com. On the Investors page of that site, we provide access to our SEC filings free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with the SEC. The information on our website or any other website is not incorporated in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus by reference and you should not consider it a part of this offering.

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Incorporation of certain documents by reference

This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement and, as permitted by SEC rules, does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus supplement to any of our contracts or other documents, the reference may not be complete and, for a copy of the contract or document, you should refer to the exhibits that are part of or incorporated by reference into the registration statement

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus supplement the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to the documents containing such information. Information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement. Any statement contained in this prospectus supplement or a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement or any other document subsequently filed with the SEC that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus supplement is current as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus supplement.

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and future filings we make with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus supplement and until the offering described in this prospectus supplement is completed or is otherwise terminated, in each case excluding any information “furnished” pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information “furnished” under Item 9.01, of any Current Report on Form 8-K or other information “furnished” to the SEC which is not deemed “filed,” unless we specifically provide that such “furnished” information is to be incorporated by reference:

• Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 8, 2021 (File No. 001-36550); and

• Our Current Reports on Form 8-K or Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2021 and February  16, 2021 (two filings), February  24, 2021 and March 15, 2021 (File No. 001-36550) (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01, of any such Current Report on Form 8-K).

This prospectus supplement incorporates documents by reference that are not delivered with this prospectus supplement. Copies of these documents, other than the exhibits to the documents (unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents), are available upon written or oral request, at no charge, from us. Requests for such copies should be directed to Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024, Attention: Corporate Secretary, telephone number: (281) 899-4800.

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PROSPECTUS

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.

$750,000,000

Debt Securities

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Depositary Shares

Warrants

Subscription Rights

Purchase Contracts

Units

Guarantees of Non-Convertible Debt Securities

We may offer from time to time debt securities, shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts and units. Any non-convertible debt securities we issue under this prospectus may be guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries.

The aggregate initial offering price of the securities that we offer will not exceed $750,000,000. We will offer the securities in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the offering.

Our common stock is quoted on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “PARR.” The last reported sale price of our common stock on February 5, 2019 was $16.66 per share.

In order to avoid an “ownership change” for federal income tax purposes, our certificate of incorporation prohibits any person from becoming a holder of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock, and restricts the ability of any holder of 5% or more of our common stock from disposing of or acquiring shares of our common stock without our consent, except under limited circumstances. Consequently, there are limitations on the acquisition of shares of common stock as described in this prospectus.

We will provide the specific terms of the offering in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you invest. This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Investing in our securities involves significant risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 7 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is February 15, 2019.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		i
PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.		1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		4
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		5
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE		6
RISK FACTORS		7
USE OF PROCEEDS		8
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES		9
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK		19
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES		28
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS		30
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS		32
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS		33
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS		34
FORMS OF SECURITIES		35
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		37
LEGAL MATTERS		40
EXPERTS		40

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission (the “SEC”), utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $750 million. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of the offering and the offered securities. This prospectus, together with applicable prospectus supplements, any information incorporated by reference, and any related free writing prospectuses we file with the Commission, includes all material information relating to these offerings and securities. We may also add, update or change in the prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including without limitation, a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations that apply to these offerings or securities or the specific plan of distribution. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement or information incorporated by reference having a later date, you should rely on the information in that prospectus supplement or incorporated information having a later date. We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Documents By Reference” and the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information,” before buying any of the securities being offered.

You should rely only on the information we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus.

Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made under it implies that there has been no change in our affairs or that the information in this prospectus is correct as of any date after the date of

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this prospectus. You should assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security.

The registration statement containing this prospectus, including exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. We have filed and plan to continue to file other documents with the Commission that contain information about us and our business. Also, we will file legal documents that control the terms of the securities offered by this prospectus as exhibits to the reports that we file with the Commission. The registration statement and other reports can be read at the Commission website or at the Commission offices mentioned under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

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PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.

As used in this prospectus, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “Par” mean Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

We own, manage and maintain interests in energy and infrastructure businesses. Our strategy is to identify, acquire and operate energy and infrastructure companies with attractive competitive positions.

Our business is organized into three primary operating segments:

• Refining—Our refineries in Kapolei, Hawaii, produce ultra-low sulfur diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, marine fuel, low sulfur fuel oil, and other associated refined products primarily for consumption in Hawaii. Our refinery in Newcastle, Wyoming, produces gasoline, ultra-low sulfur diesel, jet fuel, and other associated refined products that are primarily marketed in Wyoming and South Dakota. Our refinery in Tacoma, Washington produces distillate, gasoline, asphalt and other associated refined products primarily marketed to the Pacific and West Coast markets.

• Retail—Our retail outlets in Hawaii sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise throughout the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, and Kauai. Our Hawaii retail network includes Hele and “76” branded retail sites, company-operated convenience stores, 7-Eleven operated convenience stores, other sites operated by third parties, and unattended cardlock stations. We recently completed the rebranding of 24 of our 34 company-operated convenience stores in Hawaii to “nomnom,” a new proprietary brand. Our retail outlets in Washington and Idaho sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise and operate under the “Cenex^®” and “Zip Trip^®” brand names.

• Logistics—We own and operate terminals, pipelines, a single-point mooring (“SPM”), and trucking operations to distribute refined products throughout the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Molokai, and Kauai. We also own and operate a crude oil pipeline gathering system, a refined products pipeline, storage facilities, and loading racks in Wyoming and a jet fuel storage facility and pipeline that serve Ellsworth Air Force Base in South Dakota. In addition, in Washington, we own and operate a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, storage facilities, a truck rack, and a proprietary pipeline that serves McChord Air Base.

We also own a 46.0% equity investment in Laramie Energy, LLC (“Laramie Energy”), a joint venture entity focused on producing natural gas in Garfield, Mesa and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado. We are not required to make any additional capital contributions to Laramie Energy.

Our refining, retail, and logistics segments were established through the acquisitions of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC (“PHR,” formerly Hawaii Independent Energy, LLC) and Par Hawaii, Inc. (“PHI,” formerly Koko’oha Investments, Inc.), which owns 100% of the outstanding membership interests of Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC (“Mid Pac”). PHR was acquired from Andeavor (formerly Tesoro Corporation) on September 25, 2013 for approximately $75 million in cash, plus net working capital and inventories, earn-out payments of $27.3 million, and the funding of certain start-up expenses and overhaul costs prior to closing. PHI was acquired on April 1, 2015 for cash consideration of approximately $74.4 million and the assumption of $45.3 million of debt.

On July 14, 2016, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding units representing the membership interests in Hermes Consolidated, LLC (d/b/a Wyoming Refining Company) and indirectly Wyoming Refining Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC (collectively, “Wyoming Refining” or “WRC”) (the “WRC Acquisition”). We paid cash consideration of $209.4 million and assumed debt consisting of term loans of $58.0 million and revolving loans of $10.1 million. The results of operations of Wyoming Refining are included in our refining and logistics segments effective July 14, 2016.

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On March 23, 2018, we acquired twenty-one (21) and twelve (12) leased retail gasoline, convenience store facilities, all at various locations in Washington and Idaho (collectively, the “Northwest Retail Properties”). The Northwest Retail Properties operate under the “Cenex^®” and “Zip Trip^®” brand names. We acquired the Northwest Retail Properties for a purchase price of $70 million, plus the value of certain inventory at closing. In connection with the closing of the Northwest Retail Properties acquisition, the parties and their respective affiliates entered into a number of ancillary agreements, including a multi-year branded petroleum marketing agreement for the continued supply of Cenex-branded refined products by CHS Inc. to the Northwest Retail Properties and a multi-year supply agreement pursuant to which we supply refined products to CHS Inc. within the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest markets. The acquired stations represent the second largest branded retail position in Spokane.

On December 19, 2018, pursuant to the terms of a Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 29, 2018 (the “Topping Unit Purchase Agreement”), among PHR, IES Downstream, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“IES”), Eagle Island, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which was subsequently merged with and into PHR (“Eagle”), and, solely for certain purposes specified in the Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, us (the “Topping Unit Acquisition”), PHR acquired all of the limited liability company interests of Eagle, the owner of certain refining units and related assets located near our original refinery in Kapolei, Hawaii (the “Topping Units”). The purchase price for the Topping Unit Acquisition was $45 million, payable with $30 million in cash and 860,502 shares of our common stock. The purchase price will be adjusted by the value of hydrocarbon and certain nonhydrocarbon inventory and for certain prorated expenses related to the ownership of the Topping Units as of the closing date, with the initial adjustment for the nonhydrocarbon inventory paid for by the issuance of 247,700 shares of our common stock. We financed the cash portion of the purchase price for the Topping Unit Acquisition with cash on hand and financed working capital under our existing supply and offtake agreements.

On January 11, 2019, pursuant to the terms of a purchase and sale agreement, dated as of November 26, 2018 (the “USOR Purchase Agreement” and, together with the Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, the “Acquisition Agreements”) between our subsidiary Par Petroleum, LLC (“Par Petroleum”) and TrailStone NA Oil & Refining Holdings, LLC (the “Trailstone Seller”), Par Petroleum acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests in TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC, which was subsequently renamed Par Tacoma, LLC (“Trailstone”), from Trailstone Seller (the “USOR Acquisition” and together with the Topping Unit Acquisition, the “Acquisitions”). TrailStone owns U.S. Oil & Refining Co. (“USOR”). The USOR Acquisition includes a 42,000 bpd refinery, a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, and 2.9 MMbbls of refined product and crude oil storage, which refinery and associated logistics assets are located in Tacoma, Washington (the “Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business”). The purchase price for the USOR Acquisition was $358 million, payable with approximately $321 million in cash and 2,363,776 shares of our common stock. The purchase price will be adjusted by net working capital, the value of hydrocarbon inventory, reimbursable capital expenditures, closing indebtedness and transaction expenses. We financed the cash portion of the purchase price with cash on hand, debt financing with Bank of Hawaii and a $250.0 million senior secured term loan facility with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as sole lead arranger, sole bookrunner, sole syndication agent and as a lender thereunder. USOR was a party to an intermediation arrangement (the “USOR Intermediation Agreement”) that was amended and remained in place at the closing of the USOR Acquisition. The USOR Intermediation Agreement provides a structured financing arrangement based on USOR’s crude oil and refined products inventories and associated accounts receivables.

In addition to the three operating segments described above, we have one additional reportable segment, Corporate and Other. Our Corporate and Other reportable segment includes administrative costs and several small non-operated oil and gas interests that were owned by our predecessor.

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Our principal executive offices are located at 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024. Our telephone number is (281) 899-4800. Our website is located at www.parpacific.com. Information on our website does not constitute part of this prospectus and should not be relied upon in connection with making any decision with respect to an investment in our securities. We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public from commercial document retrieval services and at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference herein may constitute “forward-looking” statements as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), or in releases made by the SEC, all as may be amended from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “seeks,” “scheduled to,” or other similar words, or the negative of these words or other variations of these words or comparable language, or by discussion of strategy or intentions. These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of such laws. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements included in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein. Please read “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus. The risk factors and other factors noted throughout this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein by reference are largely based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors. Although we believe such estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control. In addition, management’s assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate. All readers are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein by reference are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any reader that such statements will be realized or that the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements due to factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and elsewhere in the documents we incorporate herein by reference. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus forms a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information found in the registration statement. For further information regarding us and our securities, you may desire to review the full registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules, filed under the Securities Act, as well as our proxy statement, annual, quarterly and other reports and other information we file with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website on the Internet at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding companies that file electronically with the SEC. We maintain a website on the Internet at www.parpacific.com. Our registration statement, of which this prospectus constitutes a part, can be downloaded from the SEC’s website or from our website at www.parpacific.com. Information on the SEC website, our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and does not constitute part of this prospectus.

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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The rules of the SEC allow us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to that information. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below:

• Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March  12, 2018, and portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 29, 2018, incorporated by reference therein (File No. 001-36550);

• Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Form 10-Q/A for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on May  10, 2018, for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018, filed with the SEC on August  8, 2018, and for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, filed with the SEC on November  7, 2018 and on February 4, 2019 (File No. 001-36550);

• A description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on July 16, 2014 (File No. 001-36550); and

• Our Current Reports on Form 8-K or Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on January  9, 2018, February  14, 2018, March  6, 2018, March  7, 2018, March  23, 2018, March  27, 2018, May  9, 2018, May  10, 2018, May  14, 2018, July  20, 2018, July  27, 2018, August  8, 2018 (two filings), August 30, 2018, November  7, 2018 (two filings), November 27, 2018, November 30, 2018, December  7, 2018, December  11, 2018, December  13, 2018, December  20, 2018, January  14, 2019 and February 11, 2019 (File No. 001-36550) (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01, of any such Current Report on Form 8-K).

All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01, on any Current Report on Form 8-K) after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of each offering under this prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated in this prospectus by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.

Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus incorporates documents by reference that are not delivered with this prospectus. Copies of these documents, other than the exhibits to the documents (unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents), are available upon written or oral request, at no charge, from us. Requests for such copies should be directed to Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024, Attention: Corporate Secretary, telephone number: (281) 899-4800.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors and all of the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus, including those risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018, and our subsequent Commission filings, in evaluating an investment in our securities. If any of these risks were to occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. When we offer and sell any securities pursuant to a prospectus supplement, we may include additional risk factors relevant to such securities in the prospectus supplement.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement or any pricing supplement, we will use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us for general corporate purposes. These purposes may include capital expenditures, repayment or refinancing of indebtedness, acquisitions and repurchases and redemptions of securities. Pending any specific application, we may initially invest funds in short-term marketable securities or apply them to the reduction of indebtedness.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

Our debt securities, consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness, may be issued from time to time in one or more series:

• in the case of senior debt securities, under a senior indenture to be entered into among us, the guarantors of those securities, if any, and a trustee we will identify in a prospectus supplement; and

• in the case of subordinated debt securities, under a subordinated indenture to be entered into among us, the guarantors of those securities, if any, and a trustee we will identify in a prospectus supplement.

Any such senior indenture or subordinated indenture will be substantially in the form included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Because the following is only a summary of the indentures and the debt securities, it does not contain all information that you may find useful. For further information about the indentures and the debt securities, we urge you to read the indentures, the forms of securities, the applicable prospectus supplements and the applicable supplemental indentures.

As used in this section of the prospectus and under the captions “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Depositary Shares,” “Description of Warrants,” “Description of Subscription Rights,” “Description of Purchase Contracts,” and “Description of Units,” the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “Par” mean Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. only, and not the subsidiaries of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Description of Debt Securities have the meanings given to them in the aforementioned indentures.

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement, any debt securities we offer will be our direct, unsecured general obligations. The debt securities will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities, either of which may be issued in registered or global form. The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to certain of our senior debt. In general, this means that if we declare bankruptcy, holders of the senior debt securities and certain other senior debt will be paid in full before the holders of subordinated debt securities will receive any payment on their securities. Non-convertible debt securities may be fully, irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by some or all of our subsidiaries, other than “minor” subsidiaries as such term is interpreted in securities regulations governing financial reporting for guarantors.

We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries. Consequently, our ability to repay our obligations, including our obligation to pay interest on the debt securities, to repay the principal amount of the debt securities at maturity or upon redemption, or to buy back the securities, depends to a certain extent upon our ability to receive cash flow from our subsidiaries. That is, we will depend upon our subsidiaries’ earnings and their distributions of those earnings to us, and upon our subsidiaries repayment of investments and advances we have made to them to meet our obligations under the debt securities and our other obligations. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and, except to the extent our subsidiaries guarantee the non-convertible debt securities, have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due on the debt securities or to make funds available to us to do so.

Generally, the debt securities will be effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries and us and to all existing and future indebtedness of all non-guarantor subsidiaries. This means that our rights and the rights of our creditors, including the holders of our debt securities, to receive any of the cash or other assets of any subsidiary upon its liquidation or reorganization or otherwise are necessarily subject to the superior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent that we or our creditors may be recognized as creditors of the subsidiary. Our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make other payments or

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advances to us will also depend upon their operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and contractual restrictions. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, the indentures do not limit our subsidiaries’ ability to enter into other agreements that prohibit or restrict dividends or other payments or advances to us.

The indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that can be issued. The debt securities may be issued in one or more series as we may authorize from time to time. A prospectus supplement and a supplemental indenture relating to the offering of a particular series of debt securities will set forth the specific terms of the offered debt securities.

These terms will include some or all of the following:

• the title of the debt securities and whether they are subordinated debt securities or senior debt securities;

• any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;

• the ability to issue additional debt securities of the same series;

• the price or prices at which we will sell the debt securities;

• the maturity date or dates of the debt securities;

• the rate or rates of interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, at which the debt securities will bear interest, or the method of determining such rate or rates, if any;

• the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;

• in the case of discount debt securities, the rate of accretion of principal, which may be fixed or variable, or the method of determining such rate, and the date or dates from which principal will accrete or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;

• the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive period during which interest payment periods may be extended;

• the dates on which we will pay interest on the debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date;

• the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities will be payable, where any securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange or conversion, as applicable, and notices and demands may be delivered to or upon us pursuant to the indenture;

• if we possess the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which we may redeem the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions;

• our obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which we will redeem, repay or purchase the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation;

• the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000;

• whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments;

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• the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of the debt securities which we must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with an Event of Default (as described below), if other than the full principal amount;

• provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of the debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events;

• any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or our covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable indenture;

• any limitation on our ability to incur debt, redeem stock, sell our assets or other restrictions;

• the application, if any, of the terms of the indenture relating to legal defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to the debt securities;

• whether the subordination provisions summarized below or different subordination provisions will apply to the debt securities;

• the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange (or upon which we may require the holders to convert or exchange) the debt securities into or for common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property of ours or of another person (or upon which such debt securities shall automatically convert or be exchanged into or for such other securities or property);

• whether any of the debt securities will be issued in global form and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which global debt securities may be exchanged for certificated debt securities;

• any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an Event of Default;

• the depository for global or certificated debt securities;

• any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to the debt securities;

• to whom any interest on any debt security shall be payable, if other than the person in whose name the security is registered, on the record date for such interest, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global debt security will be paid if other than in the manner provided in the applicable indenture;

• if the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities of the series is to be payable in one or more currencies or currency units other than as stated, the currency, currencies or currency units in which it shall be paid and the periods within and terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amounts payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined);

• the collateral, if any, securing such debt securities, and the guarantors, if any, who will guarantee such non-convertible debt securities, or the methods of determining such collateral, if any, and such guarantors, if any;

• the portion of the principal amount of any securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities pursuant to the applicable indenture if other than the entire principal amount;

• if the principal amount payable at the stated maturity of any debt security of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the stated maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such securities as of any such date for any purpose, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any maturity other than the stated maturity or which shall be deemed to be outstanding as of any date prior to the stated maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined);

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• to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of the indentures to such extent as shall be necessary to add any of our subsidiaries as a co-issuer of debt securities of an applicable series; and

• any other terms of the debt securities not inconsistent with the provisions of the indentures, as amended or supplemented.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.

Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. The debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.

Subordination

The prospectus relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to any Senior Debt on the terms set forth below:

Under the subordinated indenture, “Senior Debt” means all amounts due on obligations in connection with any of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of the subordinated indenture or thereafter incurred or created:

• the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on our indebtedness for borrowed money and indebtedness evidenced by securities, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments issued by us (including all mandatory obligations under repurchase agreements for the payment of the repurchase price for the securities purchased pursuant thereto);

• any of our obligations as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles;

• all of our obligations for the reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance, security purchase facility or similar credit transaction;

• all of our obligations in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or options contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other similar agreements;

• all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons for the payment of which we are responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and

• all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of ours (whether or not such obligation is assumed by us).

However, Senior Debt does not include:

• any indebtedness which expressly provides that such indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities, or that such indebtedness shall be subordinated to any other of our indebtedness, unless such indebtedness expressly provides that such indebtedness shall be senior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities;

• any of our indebtedness in respect of the subordinated debt securities;

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• any indebtedness or liability for compensation to employees, for goods or materials purchased in the ordinary course of business or for services;

• any of our indebtedness to any subsidiary; or

• any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by us.

Senior Debt shall continue to be Senior Debt and be entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such Senior Debt.

If we default in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Debt when it becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or otherwise, then, unless and until such default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, we will make no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise but excluding payments in securities which are subordinate in right of payment to all then outstanding Senior Debt, or “Junior Securities”) in respect of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities or in respect of any redemption, retirement, purchase or other acquisition of any of the subordinated debt securities.

In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any subordinated debt securities, the holders of all senior debt securities outstanding at the time of such acceleration, subject to any security interest, will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due on the senior debt securities before the holders of the subordinated debt securities will be entitled to receive any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the subordinated debt securities.

If any of the following events occur, we will pay in full all Senior Debt before we make any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, to any holder of subordinated debt securities:

• any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. (or relating to our property), whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership;

• any general assignment by us for the benefit of creditors; or

• any other marshaling of our assets or liabilities.

In such event, any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, which would otherwise (but for the subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of the subordinated debt securities, will be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Debt in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior Debt has been paid in full. If any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities is received by the trustee of any subordinated debt securities in contravention of any of the terms of the subordinated indenture and before all the Senior Debt has been paid in full (other than permitted payments in Junior Securities), such payment or distribution or security will be received in trust for the benefit of, and paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of the Senior Debt at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Debt in full.

The subordinated indenture does not limit the issuance of additional Senior Debt.

Subsidiary Guarantees

If specified in the prospectus supplement, our guarantor subsidiaries will guarantee the non-convertible debt securities of a series. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to the guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries.

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Subject to the limitations described below and in the prospectus supplement, the guarantor subsidiaries will, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guarantee the punctual payment when due, whether at the maturity date, by acceleration or otherwise, of all our payment obligations under the indentures and the non-convertible debt securities of a series, whether for principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the non-convertible debt securities or otherwise. The guarantor subsidiaries will also pay all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the applicable trustee in enforcing any rights under a guarantee with respect to a guarantor subsidiary.

In the case of subordinated non-convertible debt securities, a guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be subordinated in right of payment to the senior debt of such guarantor subsidiary on the same basis as the subordinated non-convertible debt securities are subordinated to our senior debt. No payment will be made by any guarantor subsidiary under its guarantee during any period in which payments by us on the subordinated non-convertible debt securities are suspended by the subordination provisions of the subordinated indenture.

Each guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be limited to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by the relevant guarantor subsidiary without rendering such guarantee voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally.

Each guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be a continuing guarantee and will:

• remain in full force and effect until either (a) payment in full of all the applicable non-convertible debt securities (or such non-convertible debt securities are otherwise satisfied and discharged in accordance with the provisions of the applicable indenture) or (b) released as described in the following paragraph;

• be binding upon each guarantor subsidiary; and

• inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the applicable trustee, the holders of the non-convertible debt securities and their successors, transferees and assigns.

In the event that a guarantor subsidiary ceases to be our subsidiary, or all or substantially all of the assets or all of the capital stock of any guarantor subsidiary is sold or disposed of, including by way of sale, merger, consolidation or otherwise, such guarantor subsidiary will be released and discharged of its obligations under its guarantee without any further action required on the part of the trustee or any holder of the non-convertible debt securities, and no other person acquiring or owning the assets or capital stock of such guarantor subsidiary will be required to enter into a guarantee. If legal or covenant defeasance occurs with respect to the non-convertible debt securities of any series, all the guarantor subsidiaries will be released and discharged from their obligations under their guarantees. In addition, the prospectus supplement may specify additional circumstances under which a guarantor subsidiary can be released from its guarantee.

Consolidation, Merger, Sale of Assets and Other Transactions

We may not merge with or into or consolidate with another entity or sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, any other entity other than a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ours, and no entity may merge with or into or consolidate with us or, except for any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ours, sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of its properties and assets to us, unless:

• we are the surviving corporation or the entity formed by or surviving such merger or consolidation or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease or conveyance has been made, if other than us, has expressly assumed by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the applicable indenture;

• immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and

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• we deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that the supplemental indenture complies with the applicable indenture.

Events of Default, Notice and Waiver

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following shall constitute “Events of Default” under the indentures with respect to each series of debt securities:

• our failure to pay any interest on any debt security of such series when due and payable, continued for 30 days;

• our failure to pay principal (or premium, if any) on any debt security of such series when due, regardless of whether such payment became due because of maturity, redemption, acceleration or otherwise, or is required by any sinking fund established with respect to such series;

• our failure to observe or perform any other of our covenants or agreements with respect to such debt securities for 90 days after we receive notice of such failure;

• certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.; and

• any other Event of Default provided with respect to securities of that series.

If an Event of Default with respect to any debt securities of any series outstanding under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee under such indenture or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series outstanding may declare, by notice as provided in the applicable indenture, the principal amount (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of that series) of all the debt securities of that series outstanding to be due and payable immediately.

However, in the case of an Event of Default involving certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, acceleration is automatic. After such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived. Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof will become due and payable. Please read the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof.

Any past default under either indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, and any Event of Default arising therefrom, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of such series outstanding under such indenture, except in the case of (i) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt securities of such series or (ii) default in respect of a covenant or provision which may not be amended or modified without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such series affected.

The trustee is required within 90 days after the occurrence of a default (which is known to the trustee and is continuing), with respect to the debt securities of any series (without regard to any grace period or notice requirements), to give to the holders of the debt securities of such series notice of such default.

The trustee, subject to its duties during default to act with the required standard of care, may require indemnification by the holders of the debt securities of any series with respect to which a default has occurred before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the indentures at the request of the holders of the debt securities of such series. Subject to such right of indemnification and to certain other limitations, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series under either indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any

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trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of such series, provided that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with the applicable indenture and the trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any action against us under either of the indentures (except actions for payment of overdue principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt security or for the conversion or exchange of such debt security in accordance with its terms) unless:

• an Event of Default has occurred and the holder has given to the trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the debt securities of such series specifying an Event of Default, as required under the applicable indenture;

• the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding under such indenture shall have requested the trustee to institute such action and offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

• the trustee shall not have instituted such action within 60 days of such request; and

• no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the trustee during such 60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series.

We are required to furnish annually to the trustee statements as to our compliance with all conditions and covenants under each indenture.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

As set forth below, we may discharge or defease our obligations under the indentures, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may discharge certain obligations to holders of any series of debt securities issued under either the senior indenture or the subordinated indenture which have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and which have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year (or scheduled for redemption within one year) by irrevocably depositing with the trustee money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such debt securities not previously delivered to the trustee for cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of debt securities which have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and we have paid all other sums payable under the applicable indenture.

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may elect either (i) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to the debt securities of or within any series (except as otherwise provided in the relevant indenture) (“legal defeasance”) or (ii) to be released from our obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to the debt securities of or within any series (“covenant defeasance”), upon the deposit with the relevant indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon. As a condition to legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of legal defeasance under clause (i) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture. In addition, in the case of either legal

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defeasance or covenant defeasance, we shall have delivered to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with.

We may exercise our legal defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option.

Modification and Waiver

Under each indenture, we and the applicable trustee may supplement the indenture for certain purposes which would not materially adversely affect the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities of a series without the consent of those holders. We and the applicable trustee may also modify the indenture or any supplemental indenture in a manner that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each affected series issued under the indenture. However, each indenture requires the consent of each holder of debt securities that would be affected by any modification which would:

• change the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof;

• reduce the amount of principal of an original issue discount debt security or any other debt security payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;

• change the currency in which any debt security or any premium or interest is payable;

• impair the right to enforce any payment on or with respect to any debt security;

• reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for modification or amendment of the indenture or for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; or

• modify any of the above provisions.

Each indenture permits the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series issued under the indenture which is affected by the modification or amendment to waive our compliance with certain covenants contained in the indenture.

Payment and Paying Agent

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement:

• payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest;

• principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as we may designate for such purpose from time to time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at our option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register;

• a paying agent designated by us will act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by us for the debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series; and

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• all monies paid by us to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to us upon request, and the holder of such debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Denominations, Registrations and Transfer

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, debt securities will be represented by one or more global certificates registered in the name of a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. In such case, each holder’s beneficial interest in the global securities will be shown on the records of DTC or one of its participants and transfers of beneficial interests will only be effected through DTC’s or such participant’s records.

A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:

• DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue serving as the depositary for the relevant global securities or DTC ceases to maintain certain qualifications under the Exchange Act and no successor depositary has been appointed for 90 days; or

• we determine in our sole discretion, that the global security shall be exchangeable.

If debt securities are issued in certificated form, they will only be issued in the minimum denomination specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and integral multiples of such denomination. Transfers and exchanges of such debt securities will only be permitted in such minimum denomination. Transfers of debt securities in certificated form may be registered at the trustee’s corporate office or at the offices of any paying agent or trustee appointed by us under the applicable indenture. Exchanges of debt securities for an equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities in different denominations may also be made at such locations.

Governing Law

Each indenture and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.

Trustee

Wilmington Trust, National Association will be the trustee under any senior debt securities indenture. Wilmington Trust, National Association or another trustee may be appointed trustee under any subordinated debt securities indenture.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

The prospectus supplement will describe the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, preferred stock or other debt securities. These terms will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder, or at our option. These provisions may allow or require the number of shares of our common stock or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of debt securities to be adjusted.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

As of December 31, 2018, our authorized capital consisted of 500,000,000 shares of voting common stock, of which approximately 47.0 million shares were issued and outstanding, and 3,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, none of which were outstanding.

In the discussion that follows, we have summarized selected provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and stockholders agreement, as well as the Warrant Issuance Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement (each as defined below) relating to our capital stock, as well as the registration rights agreement (the “Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement”) with respect to the issuance (the “Convertible Notes Offering”) of our 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”), the registration rights agreement (the “Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement”) with respect to the issuance of the 2.50% convertible subordinated bridge notes on September 23, 2016 (the “Bridge Notes”), the registration rights agreement with respect to the Topping Unit Acquisition (the “Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement”), and the registration rights agreement with respect to the USOR Acquisition (the “USOR Registration Rights Agreement”). You should read our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, stockholders agreement, Warrant Issuance Agreement, Registration Rights Agreement, Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement, Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement, Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement and USOR Registration Rights Agreement as currently in effect for more details regarding the provisions we describe below and for other provisions that may be important to you. We have filed copies of those documents with the SEC, and they are incorporated by reference herein. Please read “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Such holders do not have the right to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Holders of our common stock have no redemption or conversion rights, no preemptive or other rights to subscribe for our securities and are not entitled to the benefits of any sinking fund provisions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally and ratably in all of the assets remaining, if any, after satisfaction of all our debts and liabilities, and of the preferential rights of any series of preferred stock then outstanding. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) out of funds legally available therefor.

Our certificate of incorporation contains restrictions on the transfer of the Company Securities (as defined therein, and which includes our common stock) by holders who are, or would become as a result of such transfer, a holder of at least 5% of our common stock (a “5% Shareholder”). Such restrictions were put in place in order to preserve our net operating loss carryovers, capital loss carryovers, general business credit carryovers, alternative minimum tax credit carryovers and foreign tax credit carryovers, as well as any “net unrealized built-in loss” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On November 10, 2014, as permitted by the terms of Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation, we entered into the Allocation Agreement with Zell Credit Opportunities Master Fund, L.P. (“ZCOF”), ZCOF Par Petroleum Holdings, L.L.C. and Whitebox Multi-Strategy Partners, L.P. to reallocate the proportionate amount of our common stock that the 5% Shareholders are permitted to transfer among our remaining 5% Shareholders. In accordance with Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation, the Board has approved, on a prospective basis, one or more Transfers (as defined in our certificate of incorporation) of shares of our common stock by the remaining 5% Shareholders up to the new allocation amounts included on a schedule to the Allocation Agreement.

Warrants

On August 31, 2012, pursuant to the terms of a warrant issuance agreement (the “Warrant Issuance Agreement”), we issued warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 959,213 shares (the

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“Warrant Shares”) of our common stock. The holders of the Warrants are entitled to purchase Warrant Shares at an exercise price of $0.09 per share, subject to certain adjustments from time to time. The Warrants expire on the earlier of August 31, 2022 or the occurrence of certain merger or consolidation transactions. At December 31, 2018, Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 354,350 Warrant Shares were outstanding.

The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the exercise prices of the Warrants will be adjusted in connection with certain issuances or sales of shares of our common stock and convertible securities, or any subdivision, reclassification or combinations of common stock, as set forth in the Warrant Issuance Agreement. Additionally, in the case of any reclassification or capital reorganization of our capital stock, the holder of each Warrant outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of such reclassification or reorganization shall have the right to receive upon exercise of the applicable Warrant, the kind and amount of stock, other securities, cash or other property that such holder would have received if such Warrant had been exercised.

Preferred Stock

The Board is authorized to establish one or more series of preferred stock and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred stock, the powers, designation, preferences and rights of each series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of each series, including:

• the designation of the series and the number of shares to constitute the series;

• the dividend rate of the series, the conditions and dates upon which such dividends shall be payable, the relation which such dividends shall bear to the dividends payable on any other class or classes of stock, and whether such dividends shall be cumulative or noncumulative;

• whether the shares of the series shall be subject to redemption by the Company and, if made subject to such redemption, the times, prices and other terms and conditions of such redemption;

• the terms and amount of any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of the shares of the series;

• whether or not the shares of the series shall be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of any other class or classes or of any other series of any class or classes of stock of the Company, and, if provision be made for conversion or exchange, the times, prices, rates, adjustments and other terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange;

• the extent, if any, to which the holders of the shares of the series shall be entitled to vote with respect to the election of directors or otherwise;

• the restrictions, if any, on the issue or reissue of any additional preferred stock; and

• rights of the holders of the shares of the series upon the dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company.

The prospectus supplement relating to any series of preferred stock we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering. The description of the terms of the preferred stock to be set forth in an applicable prospectus supplement will not be complete and will be subject to and qualified by the certificate of designation relating to the applicable series of preferred stock. You should read that document for provisions that may be important to you. We will include that document as an exhibit to a filing with the Commission in connection with an offering of preferred stock.

The authorized shares of preferred stock, as well as shares of common stock, are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder action is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities are listed or traded. If the approval of our stockholders is not required for the issuance of shares of preferred stock or common stock, the Board may determine not to seek stockholder approval.

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Although the Board has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could issue a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of that series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. The Board will make any determination to issue shares based on its judgment as to our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. The Board, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt, including a tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority of, our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or that might result in stockholders receiving a premium for their stock over the then current market price of the stock.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

As noted above, because our stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights, stockholders holding a majority of the shares of common stock outstanding will be able to elect all of our directors. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that only the chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, or any officer upon the written request of a majority of the Board, may call a special meeting of the stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation requires a 66 2/3% stockholder vote for the amendment or repeal of certain provisions of the certificate of incorporation relating to the liability of directors, indemnification of officers and directors, and the transfer restrictions noted above. Our bylaws require a 66 2/3% stockholder vote for the amendment or repeal of certain provisions of the bylaws. The combination of the lack of cumulative voting and the 66 2/3% stockholder voting requirements will make it more difficult for existing stockholders to replace the Board as well as for another party to obtain control of us by replacing the Board. Because the Board has the power to retain and discharge our officers, these provisions could also make it more difficult for existing stockholders or another party to effect a change in management. In addition, the authorization of undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for the Board to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us.

These provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of us. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continued stability in the composition of the Board and its policies and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened acquisition of us. These provisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal. The provisions also are intended to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, such provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares and, as a consequence, they also may inhibit fluctuations in the market price of our shares that could result from actual or rumored takeover attempts. Such provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management.

As noted above, our certificate of incorporation contains restrictions on the transfer of Company Securities by holders who are, or would become as a result of such transfer, 5% Shareholders. These restrictions on transfer may have the effect of preserving effective control of us by our principal stockholders and preserving the tenure of the board of directors and management.

In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

• before such date, the Board of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested holder;

• upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by persons

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who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

• on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the Board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 of the DGCL defines business combination to include the following:

• any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

• any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

• subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

• any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

• the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.

In general, Section 203 of the DGCL defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

Stockholders Agreement

We entered into a stockholders agreement in April 2015 for the benefit of the holders of any of our securities entitled to vote for members of the Board providing that in the event that we are no longer required to file annual and quarterly reports with the SEC, we will provide, as soon as reasonably practicable, comparable audited reports on an annual basis, unaudited reports on a quarterly basis (which annual and quarterly reports shall contain substantially similar descriptions of business and management discussion and analysis provisions as are then required to be included in relevant filings with the SEC), and earnings releases on a quarterly basis, made available to such holders through a secure website and subject to a standard click-through access and confidentiality agreement.

Registration Rights Agreements

Registration Rights Agreement

The company and certain of our stockholders (the “Rights Holders”), including affiliates of ZCOF and Whitebox Advisors, LLC (“Whitebox”), are parties to a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) providing the Rights Holders with certain registration rights.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, among other things, any Rights Holder or group of Rights Holders that, together with its or their affiliates, holds more than fifteen percent (15%) of the Registrable Shares (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), will have the right to require the Company to file with the SEC, a registration statement on Form S-1 or S-3, or any other appropriate form under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act for a public offering of all or part of its Registrable Shares (a “Demand Registration”) by delivery of written notice to the Company, or a demand request.

Within 90 days after receiving the demand request, we are required to file with the SEC the registration statement, on any form for which we then qualify and which is available for the sale of the Registrable Shares in

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accordance with the intended methods of distribution thereof, with respect to the demand registration. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement to be declared effective as soon as practicable after such filing. We will not be obligated (i) to effect a demand registration within ninety (90) days after the effective date of a previous demand registration, other than for a shelf registration, or (ii) to effect a demand registration unless the demand request is for a number of Registrable Shares with an expected market value that is equal to at least (x) $15 million as of the date of such demand request or is for one hundred percent of the demanding holders of Registrable Shares with respect to any demand registration made on Form S-1 or (y) $5 million as of the date of such demand request with respect to any demand registration made on Form S-3.

Upon receipt of any demand request, we are required to give written notice, within ten (10) days of such demand request, to all other holders of Registrable Shares, who will have the right to elect to include in any subsequent demand registration such portion of their Registrable Shares as they may request, subject to certain exceptions.

In addition, subject to certain exceptions, if we propose to register any class of our common stock for sale to the public, we are required, subject to certain conditions, to include all Registrable Shares with respect to which the Company has received written requests for inclusion.

The rights of a holder of Registrable Shares may be transferred, assigned or otherwise conveyed to any transferee or assignee of such Registrable Shares, subject to applicable state and federal securities laws and regulations and our certificate of incorporation. We will be responsible for expenses relating to the registrations contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement.

The registration rights granted in the Registration Rights Agreement are subject to customary indemnification and contribution provisions, as well as customary restrictions such as suspension periods and, if a registration is for an underwritten offering, limitations on the number of shares to be included in the underwritten offering imposed by the managing underwriter.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, a registration statement relating to resales by affiliates of ZCOF and Whitebox of the shares received by them in connection with our emergence from bankruptcy on August 31, 2012 was declared effective by the SEC on June 23, 2015.

Convertible Notes Offering Registration Rights

In connection with the closing of the Convertible Notes Offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers under which we agreed for the benefit of the holders of the Convertible Notes and any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium that we will, at our cost:

• file a shelf registration statement (which shall be an automatic shelf registration statement if we are then a well-known seasoned issuer (“WKSI”)) with the SEC as soon as practicable following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes and in any event on or prior to the 90th day after the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes, covering resales of any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and in respect of any make-whole premium;

• if we are not a WKSI on such 90th day, use our best efforts to cause the shelf registration statement to become effective within 180 days after the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes; and

• use our best efforts to keep the shelf registration statement effective until the earlier of (1) the 120th calendar day immediately following the maturity date or (2) the date on which there are no longer outstanding any Convertible Notes or “restricted” (within the meaning of Rule 144) shares of our common stock that have been received upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium.

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The registration statement required by the terms of the Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement was declared effective by the SEC on November 30, 2016.

We may suspend the effectiveness of the shelf registration statement or the use of the prospectus that is part of the shelf registration statement during specified periods under certain circumstances relating to pending corporate developments, public filings with the SEC and similar events. We need not specify the nature of the event giving rise to a suspension in any suspension notice to holders of the Convertible Notes. Each holder, by its acceptance of the Convertible Notes, agrees to hold any such suspension notice in response to a notice of a proposed sale in confidence. Except in the case of a suspension period as the result of the filing of a post-effective amendment solely to add additional selling security holders, any suspension period may not exceed an aggregate of:

• 30 days in any 90-day period; or

• 60 days in any 360-day period.

However, if the disclosure relates to a proposed or pending material business transaction, the disclosure of which the Board determines in good faith would be reasonably likely to impede our ability to consummate such transaction, or would otherwise be seriously detrimental to us and our subsidiaries taken as a whole, we may extend the suspension period from 30 days to 45 days in any 90-day period or from 60 days to 90 days in any 360-day period.

Each of the following is a registration default:

• the registration statement has not been filed (and become effective upon such filing if we are then a WKSI) prior to or on the 90th day following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes;

• if we are not a WKSI on such 90th day, the registration statement has not been declared effective prior to or on the 180th day following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes;

• we have not, through our omission, named as a selling securityholder in the prospectus, a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment a holder who has supplied the questionnaire described below and who is entitled to be so named as a selling securityholder within the required time periods as described below; or

• at any time after the effectiveness date, the registration statement ceases to be effective or is not usable and (1) we do not cure the lapse of effectiveness or usability within ten business days by a post-effective amendment, prospectus supplement or report filed under the Exchange Act (other than (a) in the case of a suspension period described in the preceding paragraph or (b) in the case of a suspension of the registration statement as the result of the filing of a post-effective amendment solely to add additional selling securityholders), (2) a suspension period, when aggregated with other suspension periods during the prior 90-day period, continues, unterminated, for more than 30 days or, if applicable, 45 days or (3) a suspension period, when aggregated with other suspension periods during the prior 360-day period, continues, unterminated, for more than 60 days or, if applicable, 90 days.

If a registration default occurs, predetermined liquidated damages will accrue on the Convertible Notes, from, and including, the day following such registration default to, but excluding, the earlier of (1) the day on which such registration default has been cured and (2) the date the registration statement is no longer required to be kept effective for our common stock. The liquidated damages will be paid to those entitled to interest payments on such dates semiannually in arrears on each June 15 and December 15 and will accrue at a rate per year equal to:

• 0.25% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to, and including, the 90th day following such registration default; and

• 0.50% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes from, and after, the 91st day following such registration default.

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We will not pay liquidated damages on any Convertible Note after it has been converted into shares of our common stock. If a Convertible Note ceases to be outstanding during a registration default (as a result of the holder exercising its conversion rights or otherwise), we will prorate the liquidated damages to be paid with respect to that Convertible Note.

In no event will liquidated damages exceed 0.50% per year. If a holder converts some or all of its Convertible Notes and we issue any shares of our common stock to satisfy all or any portion of our conversion obligation or if we issue any shares of our common stock in respect of any make-whole premium, in each case, when there exists a registration default, such holder will not be entitled to receive liquidated damages on such common stock, and we will instead increase the conversion rate or the amount of such make-whole premium, as the case may be, by 3% for each $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes. If a registration default occurs after a holder has converted its Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock or after we have issued shares of our common stock in respect of any make-whole premium, such holder will not be entitled to any compensation with respect to such common stock. Other than our obligations to pay liquidated damages, we will not have any liability for damages with respect to a registration default on any registrable securities.

A holder who elects to sell securities under the shelf registration statement will:

• be required to be named as a selling securityholder in the related prospectus;

• be required to deliver a prospectus to purchasers;

• be subject to the civil liability provisions under the Securities Act in connection with any sales; and

• be subject to the provisions of the registration rights agreement, including indemnification provisions.

Under the registration rights agreement, we will:

• pay all expenses of the shelf registration statement;

• provide each registered holder with copies of the prospectus;

• notify holders when the shelf registration statement has become effective; and

• take other reasonable actions as are required to permit unrestricted resales of shares of our common stock issued upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium in accordance with the terms and conditions of the registration rights agreement.

Bridge Notes Registration Rights

In connection with the issuance of the Bridge Notes, we entered into the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement with the purchasers of the Bridge Notes (the “Bridge Notes Purchasers”). The Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement required us (i) to file, no later November 11, 2016, with the SEC a shelf registration statement covering resales of the shares of our common stock, if any, issuable upon (1) conversion of the Bridge Notes, (2) exercise of subscription rights by any Bridge Note Purchaser or its affiliates pursuant to our 2016 subscription rights offering, and (3) a stock dividend or stock split or in connection with any combination of shares, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or other reorganization, other than shares freely tradeable without any limitations or restrictions under the Securities Act, (ii) to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause such shelf registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC no later than (A) January 6, 2017 or (B) if earlier, five business days after the date on which the SEC informs us that it will not review the shelf registration statement, and (iii) to use our commercially reasonable efforts to keep such shelf registration statement effective until the earlier of (A) the date on which all of such shares have been sold, (B) the date on which such shares may be sold without volume restrictions under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, or (C) the third anniversary of the effective date of such shelf registration statement.

If we do not fulfill our obligations under the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement with respect to the filing deadline, effectiveness deadline or effectiveness period of a registration statement, we will be required to

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pay the holders of the Bridge Notes liquidated damages in an amount in cash equal to 1.00% of such holder’s “Allocated Purchase Price,” which is the amount effectively paid by such holder for the common stock acquired upon conversion of the Bridge Notes, per calendar month or portion thereof prior to the cure of such event of default. The maximum payment of liquidated damages to any such holder associated with all events of default will not exceed 5.00% of such holder’s Allocated Purchase Price.

The registration statement required by the terms of the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement was declared effective by the SEC on December 21, 2016.

Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the Topping Unit Acquisition, we entered into the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement with IES. Under the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to file with the SEC within three (3) days after the closing date of the Topping Unit Acquisition and to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause to become effective a registration statement relating to the resales of the common stock issued in connection with the Topping Unit Acquisition (the “Topping Unit Shares”), with an effectiveness deadline as promptly as practicable after filing of the prospectus relating to the registration statement, but in no event later than (x) ninety (90) days after the closing of the Topping Unit Acquisition, or (y) if earlier, three (3) business days after the date on which the SEC informs us (I) that the SEC will not review the registration statement or (II) that we may request acceleration of the effectiveness of the registration statement. We also agreed to use our commercially reasonable efforts to keep the registration statement effective until the earliest to occur of (i) the disposition of the Topping Unit Shares, (ii) the availability under Rule 144 for each holder of the Topping Unit Shares to immediately freely resell such Topping Unit Shares without notice, current information, manner of sale or volume restrictions or (iii) the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement.

The registration statement required by the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement was filed with the SEC on December 21, 2018.

USOR Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the USOR Acquisition, we entered into the USOR Registration Rights Agreement with Trailstone Seller. Under the USOR Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to file with the SEC within five (5) days after the closing date of the USOR Acquisition and to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause to become effective a registration statement relating to the resales of 2,363,776 shares of our common stock issued in connection with the USOR Acquisition (the “USOR Shares”), with an effectiveness deadline as promptly as practicable after filing of the prospectus relating to the registration statement, but in no event later than (x) sixty (60) days after the closing of the USOR Acquisition, or (y) if earlier, five (5) business days after the on which the SEC informs us (I) that the SEC will not review the registration statement or (II) that we may request the effectiveness of the registration statement and we make such request.

If we do not fulfill our obligations under the USOR Registration Rights Agreement with respect to the filing deadline, effectiveness deadline or effectiveness period of a registration statement that does not relate to an underwritten registration or a piggyback registration, we will be required to pay the holders of the USOR Shares liquidated damages. In addition, the USOR Registration Rights Agreement provides the holders of the USOR Shares with certain customary demand, shelf takedown and piggyback registration rights, subject to certain exceptions and to certain customary limitations (including with respect to minimum offering size and maximum number of demands and underwritten shelf takedowns).

The registration statement required by the USOR Registration Rights Agreement was filed with the SEC on January 16, 2019.

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Listing

Our common stock is quoted on the NYSE under the symbol “PARR.”

Transfer Agent and Registrar

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

General

We may, at our option, elect to have shares of preferred stock be represented by depositary shares. The shares of any series of the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company selected by us as the depositary. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable interest in the number of shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock underlying such depositary share, including dividend, voting, redemption, conversion, exchange and liquidation rights.

The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement, each of which will represent the applicable interest in a number of shares of a particular series of the preferred stock described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Unless otherwise specified in this prospectus supplement, a holder of depositary shares is not entitled to receive the shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares.

Dividends and Other Distributions

The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares representing such preferred stock in proportion to the numbers of such depositary shares owned by such holders on the relevant record date.

In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto or the depositary may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.

Redemption of Depositary Shares

If preferred stock underlying the depositary shares is subject to redemption, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of the preferred stock held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the aggregate redemption price payable with respect to the number of shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares. Whenever we redeem preferred stock from the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date a proportionate number of depositary shares representing the shares of preferred stock that were redeemed. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot, pro rata or by another equitable method as may be determined by us.

After the date fixed for redemption, the depositary shares so called for redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders of the depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive the redemption price payable upon such redemption. Any funds deposited by us with the depositary for any depositary shares which the holders thereof fail to redeem shall be returned to us after a period of two years from the date such funds are so deposited.

Voting

Upon receipt of notice of any meeting or action in lieu of any meeting at which the holders of any shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in such notice to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred stock. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock) will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the

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number of shares of preferred stock underlying such holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote the number of shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all action which may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order to enable the depositary to do so.

Amendment of the Depositary Agreement

The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the depositary, provided, however, that any amendment which materially and adversely alters the rights of the existing holders of depositary shares will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding.

Charges of Depositary

We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges that arise solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any exchange or redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary shares will pay all other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges, and, in addition, such other charges as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.

Miscellaneous

We, or at our option, the depositary, will forward to the holders of depositary shares all reports and communications from us which we are required to furnish to the holders of preferred stock.

Neither the depositary nor we will be liable if either of us is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstances beyond our control in performing our obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and those of the depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of our duties thereunder and we and the depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary share or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity has been furnished. We and the depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary; Termination of the Deposit Agreement

The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor depositary will be appointed by us within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal. The deposit agreement may be terminated at our direction or by the depositary if a period of 90 days has expired after the depositary has delivered to us written notice of its election to resign and a successor depositary has not been appointed. Upon termination of the deposit agreement, the depositary will discontinue the transfer of depositary receipts, will suspend the distribution of dividends to the holders thereof, and will not give any further notices (other than notice of such termination) or perform any further acts under the deposit agreement except that the depositary will continue to deliver preferred stock certificates, together with such dividends and distributions and the net proceeds of any sales of rights, preferences, privileges or other property in exchange for depositary receipts surrendered. Upon our request, the depositary shall deliver all books, records, certificates evidencing preferred stock, depositary receipts and other documents relating to the subject matter of the depositary agreement to us.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants to purchase debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, depositary shares, purchase contracts or units that are registered pursuant to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities that are registered pursuant to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates. Warrants sold with other securities may be attached to or separate from the other securities. We will issue each series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement between us and a warrant agent that we will name in the prospectus supplement. We will describe additional terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreements in the applicable prospectus supplement.

General

If warrants are offered, the prospectus supplement relating to a series of warrants will include the specific terms of the warrants, including:

• the offering price;

• the title of the warrants;

• the aggregate number of warrants offered;

• the dates or periods during which the warrants can be exercised;

• whether the warrants will be issued in individual certificates to holders or in the form of global securities held by a depositary on behalf of holders;

• the designation and terms of any securities with which the warrants are issued;

• if the warrants are issued as a unit with another security, the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the other security will be separately transferable;

• if the exercise price is not payable in U.S. dollars, the foreign currency, currency unit or composite currency in which the exercise price is denominated;

• any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the warrants;

• any special tax implications of the warrants or their exercise;

• any antidilution provisions of the warrants;

• any redemption or call provisions applicable to the warrants; and

• any other terms of the warrants.

Transfers and Exchanges

A holder will be able to exchange warrant certificates for new warrant certificates of different denominations, or to transfer warrants, at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement. Prior to exercise, holders of warrants will have none of the rights of holders of the underlying securities.

Exercise

Holders will be able to exercise warrants up to 5:00 P.M. New York City time on the date set forth in the prospectus supplement as the expiration date.

After this time, unless we have extended the expiration date, the unexercised warrants will be void.

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Subject to any restrictions and additional requirements that may be set forth in a prospectus supplement, holders of warrants may exercise them by delivering to the warrant agent at its corporate trust office the following:

• warrant certificates properly completed; and

• payment of the exercise price.

As soon as practicable after the delivery, we will issue and deliver to the indicated holder the securities purchasable upon exercise. If a holder does not exercise all the warrants represented by a particular certificate, we will also issue a new certificate for the remaining number of warrants.

No Rights of Security Holder Prior to Exercise

Prior to the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants, and will not be entitled to:

• in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise; or

• in the case of warrants to purchase equity securities, the right to vote or to receive dividend payments or similar distributions on the securities purchasable upon exercise

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the relevant warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for any warrantholder. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility if we default in performing our obligations under the relevant warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any legal proceedings or to make any demand upon us.

Title

We and the warrant agents and any of our respective agents may treat the registered holder of any warrant certificate as the absolute owner of the warrants evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the warrants so requested, despite any notice to the contrary.

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DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS

We may issue subscription rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, other securities described in this prospectus or any combination thereof. These subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered by us and may or may not be transferable by the securityholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other investors pursuant to which the underwriters or other investors may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

To the extent appropriate, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the subscription rights to purchase shares of our securities offered thereby, including the following:

• the date of determining the securityholders entitled to the subscription rights distribution;

• the price, if any, for the subscription rights;

• the exercise price payable for the common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or other securities upon the exercise of the subscription right;

• the number of subscription rights issued to each securityholder;

• the amount of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or other securities that may be purchased per each subscription right;

• any provisions for adjustment of the amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the subscription rights or of the exercise price of the subscription rights;

• the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;

• the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;

• the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities;

• the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights;

• any applicable federal income tax considerations; and

• any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange and exercise of the subscription rights.

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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS

We may issue purchase contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and us to sell to the holders, a specified number, or amount, of securities at a future date or dates. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a purchase contract and an underlying debt or preferred security covered by this prospectus, U.S. Treasury security or other U.S. government or agency obligation. The holder of the unit may be required to pledge the debt, preferred security, U.S. Treasury security or other U.S. government or agency obligation to secure its obligations under the purchase contract.

If purchase contracts are offered, the prospectus supplement will specify the material terms of the purchase contracts, the units and any applicable pledge or depository arrangements, including one or more of the following:

• the stated amount that a holder will be obligated to pay under the purchase contract in order to purchase the underlying security;

• the settlement date or dates on which the holder will be obligated to purchase the underlying security and whether the occurrence of any events may cause the settlement date to occur on an earlier date and the terms on which any early settlement would occur;

• the events, if any, that will cause our obligations and the obligations of the holder under the purchase contract to terminate;

• the settlement rate, which is a number that, when multiplied by the stated amount of a purchase contract, determines the number, or amount, of securities that we will be obligated to sell and a holder will be obligated to purchase under that purchase contract upon payment of the stated amount of that purchase contract;

• whether the purchase contracts will be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a purchase contract and an underlying debt or preferred security with an aggregate principal amount or liquidation amount equal to the stated amount;

• the type of security, if any, that is pledged by the holder to secure its obligations under a purchase contract;

• the terms of the pledge arrangement relating to the security, including the terms on which distributions or payments of interest and principal on the security will be retained by a collateral agent, delivered to us or be distributed to the holder; and

• the amount of the contract fee, if any, that may be payable by us to the holder or by the holder to us, the date or dates on which the contract fee will be payable and the extent to which we or the holder, as applicable, may defer payment of the contract fee on those payment dates.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of one or more shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, warrants, debt securities, subscription rights, purchase contracts or any combination of such securities, including guarantees of non-convertible debt securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:

• the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be separately traded;

• the terms and conditions applicable to the units, including a description of the terms of any applicable unit agreement governing the units; and

• a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units.

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FORMS OF SECURITIES

We may issue the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units of any series in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary and registered in the name of the depositary or its nominee. In that case, one or more global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of outstanding registered securities of the series to be represented by such global securities. Unless and until the depositary exchanges a global security in whole for securities in definitive registered form, the global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to a nominee of the depositary or by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary or by the depositary or any of its nominees to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of such successor.

The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any portion of a series of securities to be represented by a global security will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such series. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.

Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for such global security known as “participants” or persons that may hold interests through such participants.

Upon the issuance of a global security, the depositary for such global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal or face amounts of the securities represented by the global security beneficially owned by the participants. The accounts to be credited shall be designated by any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of such securities.

Ownership of beneficial interests in such global security will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for such global security (with respect to interests of participants) and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons holding through participants). The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such limits and such laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in global securities.

So long as the depositary for a global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of such global security, such depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by such global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. Except as set forth below, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have the securities represented by such global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of such securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the global security and, if such person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which such person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security desires to give or take any action which a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement, the depositary for such global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take such action, and such participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participants to give or take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.

Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on debt securities, and any payments to holders with respect to warrants, purchase contracts or units represented by a global security registered in the name of a

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depositary or its nominee will be made to such depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of such global security. None of us, the trustees, the warrant agents, the unit agents or any of our other agents, agent of the trustees or agent of the warrant agents or unit agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

We expect that the depositary for any securities represented by a global security, or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or other distribution of underlying securities or commodities to holders in respect of such global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in such global security as shown on the records of such depositary or its nominee. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in such global security held through such participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such participants.

If the depositary for any securities represented by a global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and we do not appoint a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days, we will issue such securities in definitive form in exchange for such global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion determine not to have any of the securities of a series represented by one or more global securities and, in such event, will issue securities of such series in definitive form in exchange for all of the global security or securities representing such securities. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a global security will be registered in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the relevant trustee, warrant agent or other relevant agent of ours. We expect that such instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in such global security.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell our securities from time to time through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers, in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We may also sell our securities upon the exercise of subscription rights that may be distributed to security holders. We may use these methods in any combination.

We will describe the terms of the offering of the securities in a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or any related free writing prospectus, including:

• the name or names of any underwriters, if any;

• the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;

• any underwriting discounts and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation;

• any initial public offering price;

• any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

• any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Only underwriters we name in the prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or any related free writing prospectus are underwriters of the securities offered thereby.

The distribution of securities may be effected, from time to time, in one or more transactions, including:

• block transactions (which may involve crosses) and transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or any other organized market where the securities may be traded;

• purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to a prospectus supplement;

• ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

• sales “at the market” to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise; and

• sales in other ways not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers.

By Underwriters

We may use an underwriter or underwriters in the offer or sale of our securities.

• If we use an underwriter or underwriters, the offered securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account.

• We will include the names of the specific managing underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriters, and the terms of the transactions, including the compensation the underwriters and dealers will receive, in the prospectus supplement.

• The underwriters will use this prospectus and the prospectus supplement to sell our securities.

We may also sell securities pursuant to one or more standby agreements with one or more underwriters in connection with the call, redemption or exchange of a specified class or series of any of our outstanding securities. In a standby agreement, the underwriter or underwriters would agree either:

• to purchase from us up to the number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon conversion or exchange of all the shares of the class or series of our securities at an agreed price per share of common stock; or

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• to purchase from us up to a specified dollar amount of offered securities at an agreed price per offered security, which price may be fixed or may be established by formula or other method and which may or may not relate to market prices of our common stock or any other outstanding security.

The underwriter or underwriters would also agree, if applicable, to convert or exchange any securities of the class or series held or purchased by the underwriter or underwriters into or for our common stock or other security.

The underwriter or underwriters may assist in the solicitation of conversions or exchanges by holders of the class or series of securities.

By Dealers

We may use a dealer to sell our securities.

• If we use a dealer, we, as principal, will sell our securities to the dealer.

• The dealer will then resell our securities to the public at varying prices that the dealer will determine at the time it sells our securities.

• We will include the name of the dealer and the terms of our transactions with the dealer in the prospectus supplement.

If we offer securities in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders, we may enter into a standby underwriting agreement with dealers, acting as standby underwriters. We may pay the standby underwriters a commitment fee for the securities they commit to purchase on a standby basis. If we do not enter into a standby underwriting arrangement, we may retain a dealer-manager to manage a subscription rights offering for us.

By Agents

We may designate agents to solicit offers to purchase our securities.

• We will name any agent involved in offering or selling our securities and any commissions that we will pay to the agent in the prospectus supplement.

• Unless we indicate otherwise in the prospectus supplement, our agents will act on a best efforts basis for the period of their appointment.

• Our agents may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act of any of our securities that they offer or sell.

By Delayed Delivery Contracts

We may authorize our agents and underwriters to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase our securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts.

• If we use delayed delivery contracts, we will disclose that we are using them in the prospectus supplement and will tell you when we will demand payment and delivery of the securities under the delayed delivery contracts.

• These delayed delivery contracts will be subject only to the conditions that we set forth in the prospectus supplement.

• We will indicate in the prospectus supplement the commission that underwriters and agents soliciting purchases of our securities under delayed delivery contracts will be entitled to receive.

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Direct Sales

We may directly solicit offers to purchase our securities, and we may directly sell our securities to institutional or other investors, including our affiliates. We will describe the terms of our direct sales in the prospectus supplement. We may also sell our securities upon the exercise of rights which we may issue.

General Information

Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of our securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive and any profit they make on the resale of the offered securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any underwriters or agents will be identified and their compensation described in a prospectus supplement. We may indemnify agents, underwriters and dealers against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or make contributions to payments they may be required to make relating to those liabilities. Our agents, underwriters and dealers, or their affiliates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.

Each series of securities offered by this prospectus (other than common stock) may be a new issue of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom securities offered by this prospectus are sold by us for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities offered by this prospectus, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of the trading market for any securities offered by this prospectus.

Representatives of the underwriters through whom our securities are sold for public offering and sale may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves syndicate sales in excess of the offering size, which creates a syndicate short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the offered securities so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the offered securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Penalty bids permit the representative of the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the offered securities originally sold by such syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Such stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the offered securities to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of such transactions. These transactions may be effected on a national securities exchange and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for, us and our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.

Fees and Commissions

In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the aggregate maximum discount, commission or agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials; however, it is anticipated that the maximum commission or discount to be received in any particular offering of securities will be less than this amount.

If 5% or more of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will be passed on for us by Porter Hedges LLP, Houston, Texas. The validity of issuance of certain of the offered securities and other matters arising under Hawaii law are being passed upon by Kobayashi Sugita & Goda, LLP, Honolulu, Hawaii. The validity of issuance of certain of the offered securities and other matters arising under Wyoming law are being passed upon by Holland & Hart LLP. The validity of issuance of certain of the offered securities and other matters arising under Washington law are being passed upon by Perkins Coie LLP. Any underwriters will be advised about other issues relating to any offering by their own legal counsel.

EXPERTS

The financial statements and the related financial statement schedule incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the effectiveness of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements and financial statement schedule have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The financial statements of Laramie Energy, LLC as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the three years ended December 31, 2017, incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, included in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 7, 2018, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The information incorporated by reference into this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of our proved reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value is based, in part, on estimates of reserves and future net revenue as of December 31, 2017, that were prepared by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., an independent petroleum engineering firm. These estimates are aggregated and the sums incorporated by reference into this prospectus in reliance upon the authority of the firm as an expert in these matters.

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5,000,000

J.P. Morgan

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

                    , 2021