KfW 18-K Annual report (foreign governments)

Exhibit (e)
management report

Basic information on KfW Group 3
Overview 3
Strategic objectives 2024 4
Internal management system 5
Alternative key financial figures used 6
Economic report 8
General economic environment 8
Development of KfW Group 10
Development of earnings position 12
Development of net assets 17
Development of financial position 19
Risk report 21
Overview of key indicators and further developments 21
Basic principles and objectives of risk management 22
Organisation of risk management and monitoring 23
Risk management approach of KfW Group 25
Overview 25
Internal capital adequacy assessment process 26
Types of risk 30
Counterparty default risk 30
Market price risk 37
Liquidity risk 39
Internal liquidity adequacy assessment process (ILAAP) 39
Operational risk and business continuity management 40
Other risks 41
Additional internal control procedures 43
Forecast and opportunity report 45
General economic environment and development trends 45
New business projections 47
Funding projections 49
Earnings projections 49
Overall conclusion 49
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Basic information on KfW Group
Overview
KfW Group consists of KfW and five consolidated subsidiaries. KfW is a promotional bank of the Federal Republic of Germany, which owns 80% of KfW while the German Federal States own 20%. The institutional framework for the promotional mandate, including the Federal Republic of Germany’s liability for KfW’s obligations, is defined in the Law Concerning KfW (KfW Law).
KfW promotes sustainable improvement of economic, social and environmental conditions around the world, with an emphasis on the German economy. The focus of KfW’s promotional activities is on the megatrends anchored in KfW’s strategic objectives. A variety of different financing products and services address in particular the areas small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), startups, innovation, climate and environmental protection, the housing sector, infrastructure, education, export and project finance and development cooperation. The domestic promotional lending busi-
ness with enterprises and private individuals is characterised by the on-lending strategy, in which KfW extends loans to commercial banks, which, in turn, lend the funds to the ultimate borrowers. KfW thus does not have its own network of branch offices. It funds its business activities via the national and international money and capital markets. In addition to KfW, the group’s main operating subsidiaries are (i) KfW IPEX-Bank, which provides export and project finance, and (ii) DEG, which is active in promoting the private sector in developing countries and emerging economies. As a new subsidiary of KfW, KfW Capital invests in German and European venture capital and venture debt funds in order to strengthen venture and early growth financing in Germany.
In accordance with the business sector structure for KfW Group, the sectors and their main products and services can be presented as follows:
Start-up financing
Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) Financing of general corporate investments and investments in innovation, energy and environmental protection
Education financing
Financing for housing construction, conversion and refurbishment
Financing of municipal and social infrastructure
Individualfinanzierung & entliche Kunden Customised corporate financing with equity and debt capital
(Customised Finance & Public Clients) Customised financing of banks and promotional institutions of the federal states
KfW Capital Investments in German and European venture capital and venture debt funds
Financing of German and European export activities
Export and project finance Financing of projects and investments which are of special interest for Germany and Europe
Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies on behalf of the Federal Government through budget funds and complementary
Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies market funds raised by KfW
Financing provided by DEG Deutsche Infestations- und
Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (private sector promotion)
Securities and money market investments
Financial markets Holding arrangements for the Federal Republic of Germany
Transactions mandated by the Federal Government, loan granted to Greece
Funding
Head oce Central interest rate and currency management
Strategic equity investments
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Composition of the KfW Group Total assets (IFRS, before consolidation)
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
KfW, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 502,495 483,453
Subsidiaries
KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, Frankfurt am Main (KfW IPEX-Bank), Germany 27,029 27,969
DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, Cologne (DEG), Germany 6,885 6,274
KfW Beteiligungsholding GmbH, Bonn, Germany 3,307 3,215
KfW Capital GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 254 25
Interkonnektor GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 376 292
Investments accounted for using the equity method
Microfinance Enhancement Facility S.A., Luxembourg (19.2%), Luxembourg 614 592
DC Nordseekabel GmbH & Co. KG, Bayreuth (50.0%), Germany 888 745
Green for Growth Fund, Southeast Europe S.A., Luxembourg (13.25%), Luxembourg 525 470
AF Eigenkapitalfonds für deutschen Mittelstand GmbH & Co. KG, Munich (47.5%), Germany 90 115
coparion GmbH & Co. KG, Cologne (16.4%), Germany 84 45
The development of the group’s operating income is determined by KfW.
Strategic objectives 2024
KfW Group has a set of strategic objectives in place that define KfW’s targeted medium-term positioning. This framework encompasses top-level objectives at the overall bank level and serves as a central, binding reference for the strategic orientation of all business sectors, with a five-year horizon. Strategic objectives 2024 was adopted in 2019.
KfW’s primary objective is sustainable promotion. It aims to improve economic, social and environmental living conditions in Germany, Europe and around the world. This primary objective is supported by the two promotional principles of subsidiarity and sustainability.
Subsidiarity means that KfW focuses on eliminating market weaknesses. Putting this principle into practice, KfW strives to consistently maintain high-quality promotional activities. KfW is also aiming for an increase in the volume of new commitments in line with the development of Germany’s nominal GDP growth.
It should be noted with regard to the principle of sustainability that KfW aims to achieve a ranking among the top five national and international promotional banks in the relevant sustainability ratings (Sustainalytics, imug, ISS ESG).
Within the framework of these promotional principles, KfW finances projects relating to the following megatrends of our time: climate change and the environment (environmental share (of financing) > 38%), globalisation, social change and digitalisation and innovation. In domestic promotion, KfW aims to achieve an SME ratio of > 40% in financing small and medium-sized German enterprises.
The primary objective is complemented by secondary objectives in the areas of profitability and efƒiciency, risk and capital, regulation and processes and customer and employee centricity. Dig-italisation and agility are considered fundamental prerequisites for achieving these objectives.
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Internal management system
KfW has an integrated strategy and planning process. Conceived as a group-wide strategy process, group business sector planning is KfW Group’s central planning and management tool. Group business sector planning consists of two consecutive sub-processes performed every year: strategic planning and operational planning. The overall strategy and planning process includes the collaboration of staff responsible for planning in all areas.
The group-wide strategic objectives set by the Executive Board form the basis for the group’s strategic planning. This system of objectives serves KfW Group as a roadmap, indicating the direction in which KfW would like to develop over the next five years. It defines KfW Group’s medium-term targeted positioning and sets top-level objectives for the entire bank. The strategic objectives are reviewed annually for relevance, completeness and aspiration level and are adjusted where necessary, for example, due to changed parameters or newly determined focus areas. Efforts are made, however, to ensure that there are no fundamental changes made to the strategic roadmap in the course of the annual review. Major medium-term strategic initiatives are developed by the business sectors and departments in a base case within this strategic framework. Project eƒciencies and cost reduction measures are also considered in business sector planning. Assumptions regarding the future development of determinant factors are made based on a risks and opportunities assessment. This analysis takes into account both external factors (including market development, regulatory requirements, the competitive situation and customer behaviour), and internal factors and resources (including human and technical and organisational resources, promotional expense, primary cost planning and tied-up capital) as well as targeted earnings levels. It involves evaluation of the key business and revenue drivers for the business sectors and the group. The central departments (e.g. information technology, human resources and central services) play important roles in achieving the strategic objectives. By involving these departments, their own strategies are aligned with the strategic objectives. The first regular capital budget in the base case is prepared on a multi-year horizon. This enables identification of any capital bottlenecks arising from strategic considerations or changed parameters, in response to which measures can be agreed on to mitigate such capital shortages. The Executive Board defines top-down objectives for all departments or subsidiaries (with regard to promotion, risk and finances) for the entire planning period based on the assessment and prioritisation of all strategic initiatives from a group perspective. Strategic group-level planning will be expanded to include business strategy scenario analysis. Scenario analysis is a “what if” analysis of a specific, plausible scenario, looking at the interaction of exogenous influencing factors and translating the results of the analysis into management-relevant
parameters in new business, earnings and risk/capital. Such scenarios assist in the process of identifying potential risks and opportunities for promotional targets and KfW’s profitability and risk-bearing capacity, and enable these factors to be considered in the further planning process if necessary.
The business sectors plan their new business, risks and earnings, and each department their budgets and FTEs based on the top-down objectives defined by the Executive Board, taking into account any changes in external or internal factors. These plans are checked for consistency with the group’s and business sectors’ strategic planning. The interest rate forecast plays a key role in shaping KfW’s earnings position. Thus, a high and a low interest rate scenario are also examined in addition to the anticipated base case. The plans are also assessed for future risk-bearing capacity in a second round of regular capital budgeting in a base and stress case over a multi-year horizon. The Executive Board approves the resulting operating budget or has plans fine-tuned in a revision round if necessary. Any changes to the business strategy are subject to consultation with the Risk Controlling department in order to ensure consistency between the business and risk strategies. The operational planning process ends when the Executive Board has adopted a final budget for the entire planning period, including the future capital requirement.
The key conclusions from the planning process are incorporated into the business and risk strategies. The management has overall responsibility for formulating and adopting both strategies. The business strategy comprises the group’s strategic objectives for its main business activities as well as important internal and external factors, which are included in the strategy process. It also contains the business sectors’ contribution to the strategic objectives and the measures for achieving each objective. Moreover, the business strategy combines the operating budget at the group and business sector levels. The Executive Board sets out KfW Group’s risk policies in its risk strategy, which is consistent with the business strategy. KfW Group has defined strategic risk objectives for factors including risk-bearing capacity and liquidity. The main risk management approaches and risk tolerance are also incorporated into the risk strategy as a basis for operational risk management. Any changes to the business strategy are subject to consultation with the Risk Controlling department in order to ensure consistency between the business and risk strategy. The Executive Board draws up the operating budget for the entire planning period, including any future capital requirement as well as the business and risk strategy. The budget is then presented to the supervisory body (Board of Supervisory Directors) for approval, along with the business and risk strategy for discussion. After the Board of Supervisory Directors has decided on the business and risk strategy, it is appropriately communicated to the staff.
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The adoption of the business sector planning serves as a foundation for the group’s qualitative and quantitative objectives. The Executive Board reviews target achievement both on a regular and on an ad hoc basis during the current financial year. The assumptions concerning external and internal factors made when determining the business strategy are also subject to regular checks. The development of relevant control variables, their attainment, and the reasons for any shortfalls are analysed as part of strategic management. Strategic assumptions are re- viewed and a systematic variance analysis of early objectives and forecasts is performed at the beginning of every year. Findings gained from this comparison are incorporated into the next planning process. At mid-year, the forecasting process serves as a comprehensive basis for interim management input on quantitative group variables in line with the strategic objectives (new business, risk and earnings in respect of funding opportunities), while providing a guide for achieving planned objectives. Ad hoc issues of strategic relevance are also addressed in consultation with the group’s departments. Recommendations for action concerning potential strategy adjustments or optimising the use of resources are made to the Executive Board by means
Alternative key financial figures used
The KfW Group Management Report contains key financial figures that are not defined in the IFRS. In its strategic objectives, KfW uses key indicators prescribed by accounting standards and supervisory regulations as well as key figures that are geared toward promotion as the core business activity. It also uses key figures in which the temporary effects on results determined and reported in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and which KfW does not consider representative, are adjusted.
KfW has defined the following alternative key financial figures:
Promotional business volume
Promotional business volume refers to the commitments of each business sector during the reporting period. In addition to the lending commitments shown in the statement of financial position, promotional business volume comprises loans from Federal Government funds for promotion of developing countries and emerging economies – which are accounted for as trust activities – financial guarantees, equity financing and securities purchases in certain asset classes (green bonds, SME loan securitisation). Promotional business volume also includes grants committed as part of development aid and in domestic promotional programmes. Allocation to the promotional business volume for the current financial year is generally based on the commitment date of each loan, financial guarantee and grant, and the transaction date of the equity finance and securities transactions. On the other hand, allocation of global loans to the promotional
of the strategic performance report. The results of the analysis are included in further strategy discussions and strategic planning processes. The achievement of objectives is regularly monitored by the Board of Supervisory Directors based on reports submitted under the KfW Bylaws. The commentary in these reports outlines analyses of causes and any potential plans for action. Detailed reports are prepared on a monthly or quarterly basis as part of operational controlling. These comprehensive detailed analyses at group, business sector and/or product group level comprise earnings, cost and FTEs, developments and are reported to specific departments. Additionally, analyses of significant relevance to overall group performance are also presented directly to the Executive Board. The risk controlling function has been implemented alongside strategic and operational controlling. Early warning systems have been established and mitigation measures defined for all material risk types in line with the risk management requirements set out in the risk strategy. All controlling and monitoring approaches are integrated into risk reporting. The Board of Supervisory Directors receives a risk report quarterly.
institutions of the federal states (Landesförderinstitute – “LFI”) and BAföG government loans is based on individual drawdown volume and date, instead of the total volume of the contract at the time of commitment. In the lending business, financing amounts denominated in foreign currency are converted into euros at the exchange rate on the commitment date, whereas in the securities and equity finance business, the conversion generally occurs at the rate on the transaction date.
See the “Development of KfW Group” economic report or segment reports for a breakdown of promotional business volume by individual segment.
Promotional expense
Promotional expense is understood to mean certain expenses from the two business sectors Mittelstandsbank & Privatkunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) and Individualfinanzierung & Öffentliche Kunden (Customised Finance & Public Clients) to achieve KfW’s promotional objectives.
Interest rate reductions accounted for at present value are the key component of KfW’s promotional expenses. KfW grants these reductions for certain domestic promotional loans for new business during the first fixed interest rate period in addition to passing on KfW’s favourable funding conditions (obtained on the strength of its Triple A rating). The difference between the fair value of these promotional loans and the transaction value during the first fixed interest rate period, due to the interest rate being below the market rate, is recognised in profit or loss
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as an interest expense and accounted for as an adjustment to the carrying amount under the items Loans and advances to banks or Loans and advances to customers. In addition, the accumulated interest rate reductions over the fixed interest rate period are recognised in Net interest income through profit or loss (see the relevant Notes on KfW’s promotional lending business, loans and advances to banks or customers, and provisions).
An additional promotional component (in commission expense) comprises the expense paid in the form of upfront fees to sales partners for processing microloans. Promotional expense also contains disposable and product-related marketing and sales expenses (administrative expense).
Cost/income ratio (before promotional expense)
The cost/income ratio (before promotional expense) comprises administrative expense, (excluding promotional expense) in relation to net interest income and net commission income before promotional expense.
The cost/income ratio (CIR) shows costs in relation to income and is thus a measure of efficiency. To enable comparison of the CIR with other (non-promotional) institutions, an adjustment for promotional expense is made to the numerator (administrative expense) and denominator (net interest income and net commission income).
Consolidated profit before IFRS effects
Consolidated profit before IFRS effects from hedging is another key financial figure based on Consolidated profit in accordance with IFRS. Derivative financial instruments are entered into for hedging purposes. Under IFRS, the requirements for the recog- nition and valuation of derivatives and hedges give rise to tem- porary net gains or losses that are of set over the term as a whole. In KfW’s opinion, such temporary effects on results are not representative as they are caused solely by economically effctive hedging relationships.
Consequently, the following reconciliations are performed by eliminating temporary contributions to profit and loss as follows:
– Valuation results from micro and macro hedge accounting.
– Net gains or losses from the use of the fair value option to avoid an accounting mismatch in the case of funding, including related hedging derivatives.
– Net gains or losses from the fair value accounting of hedges with high economic effectiveness but not qualifying for hedge accounting.
– Net gains or losses from foreign currency translation of foreign currency positions, in accordance with recognition and valuation requirements for derivatives and hedging relationships.
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Economic report
General economic environment
According to IMF estimates, global real gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 2.9% in 2019 compared with 2018 (see table on gross domestic product and global trade). Global economic growth was therefore slower than in 2018, when global real GDP rose by 3.6% year on year, and also slower than the average growth rate for 2011 to 2018, which was also 3.6% per year.
This was accompanied by a lower increase in industrial production in the period from January to November 2019 compared with the prior-year period (see table on industrial production). As a result, also global trade** has slowed down, measured by growth rates (see table on gross domestic product and global trade).
Gross domestic product and global trade at constant prices; year-on-year change
2011–2018
2019 estimate1) 20181) average2)
in % in % in %
Global economy* 2.9 3.6 3.6
Global volume of trade** 1.0 3.7 4.0
*The IMF aggregates the annual growth rates of gross domestic product at constant prices of each country on the basis of the shares of country-specific gross domestic
product at purchasing power parities in the corresponding global aggregate to the growth rate of global real GDP.
**Goods and services; average of annual percentage changes in global imports and exports.
Sources:
1) IMF (2020), World Economic Outlook. An Update to the Key WEO Projections, 20 January 2020.
2) KfW Research calculations based on World Economic Outlook Data, October 2019 Edition and IMF (2020), World Economic Outlook.
An Update to the Key WEO Projections, 20 January 2020.
Industrial production; change over prior-year period
Average Average
Jan.–Nov. 2019 Jan.–Nov. 2018
in % in %
Volume of global industrial production* 0.7 3.1
*Excluding construction; seasonally adjusted and import-weighted.
Source: KfW Research calculations based on data from CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis
As in the global economy as a whole, economic development in the member states of the European Economic and Monetary
Union (EMU) also lost momentum last year. Measured in terms of price-adjusted gross domestic product, economic output in the EMU countries rose by 1.2% in 2019 over the previous year. Although the increase in price-adjusted GDP was therefore just 0.1 percentage points below the average growth of 2011 to 2018, the difference compared to 2018 was larger at 0.7 percentage points (see table on gross domestic product at constant prices). The slowdown in price-adjusted economic growth affected all four
major euro-area economies (Germany, France, Italy and Spain). According to the European Commission, the lower growth rate of price-adjusted gross domestic product is due to escalating trade conflicts, the below-average increase in the volume of global trade and the decline in global economic growth. Uncertainty resulting from tariff threats, increasing geopolitical tension, lack of clarity regarding the terms of Brexit and the continued weakness of the non-financial economy has also been identified by the European Commission as a negative factor for price-adjusted economic growth in 2019.
Sources:
– National statistical offices: Destatis, Insee, Istat, INE
– European Commission forecast, November 2019
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Gross domestic product at constant prices, year-on-year change
2011–2018
2019 2018 average
in % in % in %
Euro area 1.2 1.9 1.3
Germany 0.6 1.5 1.9
Source: Eurostat, Destatis
In Germany, price-adjusted GDP grew by 0.6% year on year in 2019, which was not only less than in 2018 (+1.5%), but also less than the average for 2011 to 2018 (see table on gross domestic product at constant prices). Domestic spending in 2019 was a positive factor in the growth of price-adjusted gross domestic product. With a sustained rise in the number of people in employment located in Germany (+0.9%), there was an increase in both price-adjusted consumer spending (+1.8%) and price-adjusted gross fixed capital formation in construction (+3.8%). Gross fixed capital formation in machinery and equipment also increased in 2019 (+0.4%). In contrast, net exports slowed the increase in price-adjusted GDP in 2019 by 0.4 percentage points, with the growth in price-adjusted exports (+0.9%) lagging behind the growth in price-adjusted imports (+1.9%). As regards output, the 3.6%-decline in price-adjusted gross value added in the manufacturing industry (excluding construction) curbed growth in price-adjusted GDP in 2019.
Development in the financial markets was dominated in 2019 by the monetary policy turnaround of the US Federal Reserve and renewed monetary easing by the European Central Bank (ECB). The Federal Reserve initially decided not to raise its key rates any further. It even lowered its key rate range by 25 basis points (bp) three times between July and October, reducing it to 1.50%–1.75%. The ECB was prompted in March 2019 to an- nounce a new series of targeted longer-term refinancing operations (“TLTRO III”) starting in September 2019. It then adopted a further package of expansionary monetary policy measures in September. These included a 10 bp cut in its deposit rate to –0.50% and the resumption of net asset purchases from November 2019 (for a monthly amount of EUR 20 billion on an open-ended basis). The ECB had only completed its last asset purchase programme at the end of 2018.
Against the backdrop of these monetary policy measures, money market interest rates, swap rates and government bond yields declined in the euro area and in the US compared to the previous year. For instance, the 3-month EURIBOR averaged –0.36% in 2019 (2018: –0.32%); the 5-year EUR swap rate averaged –0.14% (2018: +0.35%); and the yield of the 10-year German government bond was –0.21% (2018: +0.46%). In the US, the 3-month LIBOR in 2019 was 2.33% on average for the year, compared with 2.31% in the previous year, but declined to 1.91% by the end of 2019. The 5-year USD swap rate averaged 1.94% in 2019 compared with 2.84% the previous year, and the yield on 10-year US Treasuries was 2.14% compared with 2.91% the previous year. The yield curves for the EUR and the USD flattened as measured by the diïfference between the yields of 10 and 2-year government bonds. On average in 2019, the curve steepness measured in this way for German government bonds was 46 bp (2018: 105 bp) and for US government bonds 17 bp (2018: 39 bp).
In the stock markets, the US S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial leading indices reached new all-time highs at the end of 2019 and also traded higher on an annual average than in 2018. Although Germany’s leading DAX 30 index stood at 13,249 points at the end of 2019, around 25% higher than the beginning of the year, the 2019 average of 12,109 points was just under one percent below the prior-year average. The trade-weighted euro weakened on average by just under 2% (against the currencies of the 18 most important trading partners outside the euro area) in 2019. It fared somewhat worse against the US dollar. The EUR/USD exchange rate (measured in USD per EUR) averaged 1.18 in 2018, but was down to just 1.12 in 2019, representing a decline of 5%.
Sources:
– Destatis: Fachserie 18 Series 1.1, National Accounts—Domestic Product—First annual results 2019, January 2020
– Federal Reserve, FOMC statement, 30 January 2019
– Federal Reserve, FOMC statement, 31 July 2019
– Federal Reserve, FOMC statement, September 2018, 2019
– Federal Reserve, FOMC statement, 30 October 2019
– European Central Bank, Press Conference, Mario Draghi, President of the ECB, Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, Frankfurt am Main, 7 March 2019
– European Central Bank, Press Conference, Mario Draghi, President of the ECB, Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, Frankfurt am Main, 12 September 2019
– Bloomberg, Financial market data, 21 January 2020
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Development of KfW Group
KfW had a successful year of promotion in 2019, reflected in the increase in total promotional business volume to
EUR 77.3 billion (2018: EUR 75.5 billion).
The earnings position, with a consolidated profit of EUR 1.4 billion, was down on the previous year (EUR 1.6 billion), but still exceeded expectations (EUR 0.8 billion). The operating result before valuation (before promotional expense) increased by EUR 1.4 billion to EUR 1.7 billion. This is also reflected in the cost-income ratio (before promotional expense), which declined to 44.0% (2018: 50.2%) as a result of increased income from interest and commissions and a decline in administrative expense. The valuation result reduced consolidated profit by EUR 0.2 billion (2018: added EUR 0.4 billion).
In its current consolidated income projections for 2020, KfW expects consolidated profit before IFRS effects of around EUR 0.8 billion, which is at the lower end of the range of strategic projections.
Consolidated total assets rose by EUR 20.2 billion to EUR 506.0 billion in 2019.
This increase was mainly attributable to an increase of
EUR 9.4 billion in liquidity held (to EUR 45.6 billion) and an increase of EUR 5.0 billion in Net loans and advances to EUR 389.9 billion. KfW’s promotional business is refinanced in the capital markets. The volume of own issues reported under certificated liabilities amounted to EUR 436.2 billion (year-end 2018: EUR 418.6 billion). The EUR 1.1 billion increase in equity to EUR 31.4 billion was due especially to consolidated comprehensive income.
Business performance in 2019 was largely characterised by the following developments:
A. Continued high demand for KfW products
With a promotional volume of EUR 77.3 billion in financial year 2019 (2018: EUR 75.5 billion), the group was under its projected new business volume of EUR 78.1 billion.
Financing of EUR 43.4 billion (2018: EUR 46.0 billion) was committed in the domestic promotional business. Demand for promotional loans declined overall due to the low-interest-rate environment; however, it differed between programmes. The commitment volume in financing for businesses rose both for the KfW Entrepreneur Loan and under the KfW Renewable Energy Programme. KfW Capital, the subsidiary responsible for expanding venture capital financing, committed to investments of EUR 0.2 billion in its first full financial year.
International business increased by 16% to a promotional volume of EUR 32.7 billion (2018: EUR 28.3 billion). It was marked by an increase in commitments in Export and project finance, from EUR 17.7 billion to EUR 22.1 billion, with the volume of refinancing for export loans covered by the Federal Government (CIRR ship and ERP financing programmes) accounting for the largest share at EUR 3.5 billion, following EUR 0.7 billion the previous year. The Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies business sector remained unchanged at EUR 10.6 billion.
KfW raised EUR 80.6 billion in the capital markets to fund its business activities (2018: EUR 76.1 billion).
Promotional business volume of KfW Group
2019 2018
EUR in billions EUR in billions
Domestic business 43.4 46.0
Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) 36.0 36.3
Individualfinanzierung & offer entliche Kunden (Customised Finance & Public Clients) 7.2 9.5
KfW Capital 0.2 0.1
Financial markets 1.4 1.5
International business 32.7 28.3
Export and project finance 22.1 17.7
Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies 10.6 10.6
Volume of new commitments1) 77.3 75.5
1) Adjusted for export and project financing refinanced through KfW programme loans.
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B. Operating result up on the previous year
At EUR 1,677 million (2018: EUR 1,387 million), the Operating result before valuation (before promotional expense) was 21% above the prior-year level and exceeded the target. This was due to the increase from EUR 374 million to EUR 512 million in net commission income (before promotional expense) and the decline by EUR 80 million to EUR 1,320 million in administrative expense (before promotional expense). Net interest income (before promotional expense) remained the largest source of KfW’s income at EUR 2,484 million (2018: EUR 2,413 million).
C. Valuation result down on the previous year
Charges arising from risk provisions for lending business totalled EUR 174 million in 2019. This figure was still below that of projected standard risk costs of EUR 491 million, but above the prior-year figure (2018: EUR 3 million).
The purely IFRS-related effects from the valuation of derivatives lowered the 2019 result by EUR 80 million (2018: increased the result by EUR 325 million). The EUR 95 million contribution to
earnings caused by the equity investment portfolio (2018: EUR 128 million) largely resulted from the Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies business sector (EUR 50 million).
D. Promotional expense remains low in the low interest rate environment
KfW’s domestic promotional expense, which has a negative impact on KfW Group’s earnings position, was EUR 159 million in financial year 2019 (2018: EUR 216 million), and thus lower than projected. This was primarily the result of a decline in int- erest rate reductions (EUR 137 million; 2018: EUR 185 million), due in particular to the limited need in the low-interest environment for interest rate reductions to achieve our promotional business volume target.
The following key figures provide an overview of key financial figure development in 2019:
Key financial figures of KfW Group
2019 2018
Key figures of the income statement EUR in millions EUR in millions
Operating result before valuation (before promotional expense) 1,677 1,387
Operating result after valuation (before promotional expense) 1,503 1,834
Promotional expense 159 216
Consolidated profit 1,367 1,636
Cost-income ratio (before promotional expense)1) 44.0% 50.2%
2019 2018
Key economic figures EUR in millions EUR in millions
Consolidated profit before IFRS effects 1,447 1,311
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
Key figures of the statement of financial position EUR in billions EUR in billions
Total assets 506.0 485.8
Volume of lending 486.2 483.5
Volume of business 610.7 590.7
Equity 31.4 30.3
Equity ratio 6.2% 6.2%
1) Administrative expense (before promotional expense) in relation to adjusted income. Adjusted income is calculated from net interest income and net commission income
(in each case before promotional expense).
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Comparison with the previous year’s forecast
2018 Forecast for 2019 2019 Actual
New business
Promotional business volume EUR 78.1 billion EUR 77.3 billion
Funding approx. EUR 80 billion EUR 80.6 billion
Result
Consolidated profit before IFRS effects EUR 0.8 billion EUR 1.4 billion
Strategic target consolidated profit EUR 1.0 billion EUR 1.4 billion
Net interest income (before promotional expense) high +3%
Low interest environment detrimental
Net commission income > previous year +37%
Administrative expense (before promotional expense) EUR 1,370 million EUR 1,320 million
CIR (before promotional expense) 46.3% 44.0%
< standard risk costs
significantly higher
Risk provisions for lending business than 2018 EUR –174 million
Promotional expense Prior-year target level Actual –26%, Target –53%
The main differences between the forecasts from the Financial
Report 2018 and the actual business development in 2019 are
presented in the economic report.
Development of earnings position
The earnings position in 2019 was characterised by a year-on-year
increase in the operating result combined with a decline in the
valuation result. This resulted in a consolidated profit of
EUR 1.4 billion, which is below the prior year figure (EUR 1.6 bil-
lion) but exceeds the target (EUR 0.8 billion).
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report | 12

Reconciliation of internal earnings position (before promotional expense) with external earnings position
(after promotional expense) for financial year 2019 ��  
Reconciliation
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Net interest income    
(before promotional expense) 2,484 –137 2,347 Net interest income
Net commission income    
(before promotional expense) 512 –13 499 Net commission income
Administrative expense    
(before promotional expense) 1,320 9 1,328 Administrative expense
Operating result before valuation    
(before promotional expense) 1,677 –159 1,518 Operating result before valuation
Risk provisions for lending business –174 –174 Risk provisions for lending business
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting –1 –1 Net gains/losses from hedge accounting
Other financial instruments    Net gains/losses from other financial instru-
at fair value through profit or loss –9 –9 ments at fair value through profit or loss
Net gains/losses from disposal of
–6 financial instruments measured at
Securities and investments –5    amortised cost
1 Net gains/losses from risk provisions in
the securities business
Net gains/losses from investments    Net gains/losses from investments
accounted for using the equity method 15 15 accounted for using the equity method
Operating result after valuation    
(before promotional expense) 1,503 –159 1,344 Operating result after valuation
Net other operating income or loss 46 46 Net other operating income or loss
Profit/loss from operating activities    
(before promotional expense) 1,549 –159 1,391 Profit/loss from operating activities
Promotional expense 159 –159 0 –
Taxes on income 23 23 Taxes on income
Consolidated profit 1,367 1,367 Consolidated profit
Temporary net gains/losses    Temporary net gains/losses
from hedge accounting –80 –80 from hedge accounting
Consolidated profit before IFRS effects 1,447 1,447 Consolidated profit before IFRS effects
13 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report

Reconciliation of internal earnings position (before promotional expense) with external earnings position
(after promotional expense) for financial year 2018    
Promotional
expense
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Net interest income    
(before promotional expense) 2,413 –185 2,228 Net interest income
Net commission income    
(before promotional expense) 374 –12 362 Net commission income
Administrative expense    
(before promotional expense) 1,400 18 1,418 Administrative expense
Operating result before valuation    
(before promotional expense) 1,387 –216 1,171 Operating result before valuation
Risk provisions for lending business –3 –3 Risk provisions for lending business
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 480 480 Net gains/losses from hedge accounting
Other financial instruments    Net gains/losses from other financial instru-
at fair value through profit or loss –54 –54 ments at fair value through profit or loss
Net gains/losses from disposal of
financial instruments measured at
Securities and investments 2 2 amortised cost
Net gains/losses from investments    Net gains/losses from investments
accounted for using the equity method 22 22 accounted for using the equity method
Operating result after valuation    
(before promotional expense) 1,834 –216 1,618 Operating result after valuation
Net other operating income or loss 5 5 Net other operating income or loss
Profit/loss from operating activities    
(before promotional expense) 1,839 –216 1,623 Profit/loss from operating activities
Promotional expense 216 –216 0 –
Taxes on income –13 –13 Taxes on income
Consolidated profit 1,636 1,636 Consolidated profit
Temporary net gains/losses    Temporary net gains/losses
from hedge accounting 325 325 from hedge accounting
Consolidated profit before IFRS effects 1,311 1,311 Consolidated profit before IFRS effects
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report | 14

At EUR 1,677 million (2018: EUR 1,387 million), the Operating result before valuation (before promotional expense) was above the prior-year level and the target (EUR 1,588 million).
At EUR 2,484 million, Net interest income (before promotional expense) increased compared to the 2018 figure (EUR 2,413 million). The increase is due to interest margin income in the lending business and the treasury result. In contrast, return on equity declined.
Net commission income (before promotional expense) was EUR 512 million, which is higher than the 2018 figure of EUR 374 million. The increase was mainly due to remuneration of EUR 211 million (2018: EUR 143 million) for the promotional programmes, which was received primarily under the Energy- efficient Construction and Refurbishment programmes, as well as the “Baukindergeld” scheme introduced in 2018. KfW also generated commission income totalling EUR 240 million (2018: EUR 186 million) from the administration of German Financial Cooperation in the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies. The increase in payments from the Federal Government includes income received in 2019 from final billings of programmes and the administration of Financial Cooperation for 2018. The remuneration from the Federal Government was offset by related administrative expense.
Administrative expense (before promotional expense) declined from EUR 1,400 million to EUR 1,320 million and was lower than expected (EUR 1,370 million).
Personnel expense amounted to EUR 749 million, which is below the previous year’s figure of EUR 771 million. However, the prior-year figure was impacted by a non-recurring effect from the creation of pension provisions. The higher number of employees and negotiated pay increases served to increase expenses.
Non-personnel expense (before promotional expense) declined to EUR 571 million (2018: EUR 629 million). Of the EUR 58 million decrease, EUR 61 million was attributable to the reduced utilisation of consultancy and support services.
The savings against a budget of EUR 50 million in administrative expense resulted from a lower-than-projected increase in FTEs and lower costs for external capacity support.
The cost-income ratio before promotional expense decreased to 44.0% (2018: 50.2%), mainly due to the overall increase in operating income and decreased expenditure. Adjusted for income and expenses from products for which cost-based remuneration has been agreed with the Federal Government, the cost-income ratio for 2019 amounts to 36.0% (2018: 41.9%).
KfW Group’s risk provisions for lending business resulted in an impact on earnings in 2019 of EUR 174 million, greater than in the previous year (2018: EUR 3 million), but below the projected standard risk costs (EUR 491 million). Expenses resulting from risk provisions for lending business largely related to education financing in the business sector Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) and to the subsidiary DEG in the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies.
Net additions to the provision for imminent credit risks (stage 3), including direct write-offs, and the result from modified contracts increased by EUR 115 million year on year (2018: EUR 96 million) and primarily related to the business sector Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) with additions of EUR 114 million. Of this figure, EUR 86 million was attributable to education financing (2018: EUR 45 million). The business sec- tor Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies needed a further addition of EUR 108 million (2018: EUR 40 million), of which EUR 109 million was attributable to DEG. The business sector Export and project finance recorded net reversals of EUR 8 million in 2019 (2018: EUR 9 million).
At EUR 77 million, income from recoveries of loans previously written off was the same as that of the previous year (2018: EUR 77 million). Of this, EUR 46 million was attributable to the business sector Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden and EUR 15 million to the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies. Risk provisions increased to EUR 1.2 billion in financial year 2019 (2018: EUR 1.0 billion).
Of this total, EUR 0.5 billion was attributable to the Export and project finance business sector and EUR 0.4 billion to the Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies business sector.
In 2019, risk provisions for loan portfolio risks that cannot be allocated (stages 1 and 2) remained unchanged at EUR 0.6 billion: EUR 0.3 billion from stage 1 and EUR 0.2 billion from stage 2.
The net losses from hedge accounting and other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss amounted to EUR 10 million (2018: net gains of EUR 426 million), and in financial year 2019 were characterised by negative, purely IFRS-related effects from the measurement of derivatives used for hedging purposes and by offsetting positive effects from the equity investment portfolio.
The equity investment portfolio measured at fair value through profit or loss was influenced by both the positive performance of investments and exchange rate-induced increases in value,
| KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report

particularly due to the appreciation of the US dollar. Overall, it generated income of EUR 79 million (2018: EUR 105 million). This development is primarily due to the activities in the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies, which accounted for EUR 44 million (2018: EUR 92 million). Of DEG’s contribution of EUR 24 million, EUR 32 million was attributable to exchange rate-induced increases in value.
The result from foreign currency translation had a negative effect with net expenses of EUR 6 million (2018: EUR 24 million) due to exchange rate changes, particularly with respect to the US dollar, combined with the corresponding foreign currency items in the consolidated statement of finan-cial position.
Hedge accounting and borrowings recognised at fair value, including derivatives used for hedging purposes, resulted in net expenses of EUR 80 million (2018: income of EUR 325 million). The mark-to-market derivatives are part of economically hedged positions. However, if the other part of the hedging relationship cannot be carried at fair value or different valuation methods and parameters have to be applied, this inevitably results in temporary fluctuations in income that are fully offset over the term of the transactions.
The result from the valuation of securities at fair value declined to EUR 0 million (2018: EUR 8 million).
In the case of securities not carried at fair value, developments in the financial markets resulted in a net positive difference of EUR 42 million between the carrying amount and the fair value (2018: negative difference of EUR 9 million). This development is partly attributable to increases in the value of covered bonds.
There were net gains of EUR 10 million (2018: EUR 24 million) from securities and investments as well as from investments accounted for using the equity method. Investments accounted for using the equity method contributed EUR 15 million to the result. This was attributable to the performance of the business sector Export and project finance and the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies. However, Export and project finance also recorded losses from the sale of loans.
Net other operating income was EUR 46 million, which was up on the previous year’s figure (2018: EUR 5 million). Net reversals of provisions in the amount of EUR 37 million contributed to the positive result.
At EUR 159 million in 2019, KfW’s domestic promotional expense, which has a negative impact on KfW Group’s earnings position, was below both the prior-year level (2018: EUR 216 million) and projections (EUR 338 million).
Interest rate reductions are the key component of KfW’s promotional expense. KfW grants these for certain domestic promotional loans during the first fixed-interest-rate period, which has a negative effect on its earnings position, in addition to passing on its funding conditions which are influenced by its triple-A rating. The volume of interest rate reductions was EUR 137 million in 2019, which was below both the prior-year figure (2018: EUR 185 million) and the projected figure (EUR 310 million).
This was partly due to the low demand for interest rate-reduced promotional loans. Also, due to the persistently low level of interest rates, no additional stimulus in the promotional business was necessary in order to achieve the promotional objectives. .
Moreover, promotional expenses reported in net commission income and administrative expense were incurred in the amount of EUR 22 million (2018: EUR 30 million). This spending was aimed, among other things, at the sale of KfW’s promotional products.
Accounting for the net income tax result of EUR –23 million (EUR 2018: positive net result of EUR 13 million), the consolidated profit of EUR 1,367 million was lower than in the previous year (EUR 1,636 million) but above expectations of EUR 844 million.
Consolidated profit before IFRS effects from hedging is another key financial figure based on Consolidated profit in accordance with IFRS to reflect the fact that KfW uses deriva- tive financial instruments solely for hedging purposes. Under IFRS, the requirements for the recognition and valuation of derivatives and hedges nevertheless give rise to temporary net gains or losses that are offset over the term as a whole. Against this backdrop, the IFRS effects from hedging relation- ships amounting to EUR –80 million (2018: EUR +325 million) are eliminated.
The reconciled earnings position amounted to a profit of EUR 1,447 million (2018: EUR 1,311 million). Overall, KfW
Group achieved a result in financial year 2019 that exceeded its sustainable earnings potential of EUR 1.0 billion.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report | 16

Development of net assets    
Lending to banks and customers accounted for 77% of the Assets    
group’s assets as of 31 December 2019 (2018: 79%). 31 December 2019 (31 Dec. 2018)
3% (3%)    8% (6%)
4% (5%)    
8% (7%)    
52% (54%)
25% (25%)    
Net loans and advances to banks Net loans and advances to
customers Securities and investments Other receivables to
banks and customers Derivatives Other assets
The volume of lending is up on the previous year,    
at EUR 486.3 billion.    
Volume of lending
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances 391,550 386,453
Risk provisions for lending business –1,670 –1,545
Net loans and advances 389,881 384,908
Contingent liabilities from financial guarantees 2,636 2,312
Irrevocable loan commitments 82,052 84,116
Loans and advances held in trust 11,679 12,209
Total 486,248 483,545
Loans and advances increased by EUR 5.1 billion in 2019, due in part to disbursements under the Energy-efficient Construction and Refurbishment programmes. Overall, disbursements in new lending business more than compensated for unscheduled repay- ments (EUR 11.6 billion; 2018: EUR 12.7 billion) and scheduled repayments. At EUR 389.9 billion, Net loans and advances still accounted for 80% of lending volume.
Contingent liabilities from financial guarantees increased from EUR 2.3 billion to EUR 2.6 billion. Irrevocable loan commitments were below the previous year’s level, at EUR 82.1 billion. Within assets held in trust, the volume of loans and advances held in
trust, which primarily comprised loans to promote developing countries financed by budget funds provided by the Federal Republic of Germany, decreased by EUR 0.5 billion to EUR 11.7 billion.
At EUR 19.8 billion, Other loans and advances to banks and customers were EUR 1.1 billion below the previous year’s amount of EUR 20.9 billion. This includes, in particular, short-term secured and unsecured investments held for general liquidity management purposes and in connection with collateral management in the derivatives business. The decline mainly affected short-term, collateralised investments.
17 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report

The total amount of securities and investments, at
EUR 37.8 billion, was above the previous year’s level.
Securities and investments
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Bonds and other fixed-income securities 34,511 32,867
Shares and other non-fixed income securities 0 0
Equity investments 3,242 2,818
Shares in non-consolidated subsidiaries 43 43
Total 37,795 35,729
The securities portfolio, which increased by 5% in financial year 2019, accounted for a significant portion of securities and investments. The increase in the portfolio was almost completely due to the increase of EUR 1.5 billion to EUR 32.7 billion in Bonds and other debt securities, while the volume of money market securities rose by EUR 0.2 billion to EUR 1.8 billion. In addition, equity investments increased by EUR 0.4 billion to EUR 3.2 billion.
Derivatives with positive fair values, which are primarily used to hedge refinancing transactions, rose from EUR 14.8 billion in 2018 to EUR 16.2 billion. Value adjustments from macro hedging related to the underlying asset portfolios increased from EUR 9.1 billion to EUR 10.9 billion.
With the exception of balances with central banks, which increased by EUR 10.7 billion to EUR 17.5 billion, other asset line items changed only slightly.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report | 18

Development of financial position    
KfW Group’s funding strategy in the national and international Financial position
capital markets is based on three pillars: “benchmark bonds in 31 December 2019 (31 Dec. 2018)
euros and US dollars”, “other public bonds” and “private place-    
ments”. Funds raised in the form of certificated liabilities    
6% (6%) 1% (1%)
account for 86% of total assets (previous year: 86%).    
2% (3%)
5% (4%)
86% (86%)
Certificated liabilities Liabilities to banks and customers
Derivatives Equity Other liabilities
Borrowings increased by EUR 16.9 billion to EUR 461.2 billion.
Borrowings
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Short-term funds 44,000 44,051
Bonds and notes 395,557 376,842
Other funding 21,663 18,211
Total 461,221 439,104
19 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report

Funds raised in the form of certificated liabilities rose by EUR 17.6 billion to EUR 436.2 billion. This increase of EUR 11.8 billion was a result of an expansion of borrowings. KfW Group’s principal sources of funding were medium and long-term bonds and notes issued by KfW. At year-end 2019, such funds amounted to EUR 395.6 billion (year-end 2018: EUR 376.8 billion) and accounted for 86% of borrowings. Short-term issues of commercial paper decreased by EUR 1.1 billion to EUR 40.6 billion. Total short-term funds, including demand deposits and term deposits, amounted to EUR 44.0 billion. Other funding for KfW, in addition to promissory note loans from banks and customers (Schuldscheindarlehen), which decreased by EUR 1.0 billion to EUR 5.5 billion year on year, consisted mainly of cash collateral received of EUR 9.9 billion (year-end 2018: EUR 6.2 billion), primarily to reduce counter-party risk from the derivatives business and liabilities to the Federal Republic of Germany.
The carrying amounts of derivatives with negative fair values, which were primarily used to hedge loans, decreased by EUR 3.3 billion from EUR 12.4 billion, primarily due to changes in market parameters, and amounted to EUR 9.1 billion at year-end 2019.
There were only minor changes in the other liability line items in the statement of financial position.
At EUR 31.4 billion, equity was EUR 1.0 billion above the level of 31 December 2018 of EUR 30.3 billion. The increase resulted in particular from consolidated profit (EUR 1.4 billion). As of
31 December 2019, the equity ratio remained 6.2%.
Equity
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Paid-in subscribed capital 3,300 3,300
Capital reserve 8,447 8,447
Reserve from the ERP Special Fund 1,191 1,191
Retained earnings 18,742 17,371
Fund for general banking risks 600 600
Revaluation reserves –918 –594
Total 31,362 30,315
The consolidated profit was allocated to retained earnings.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Economic report | 20

Risk report
Overview of key indicators and further developments
Risks are reported on a group level in accordance with
KfW Group’s internal risk management. Selected indicators are
presented below:
Regulatory capital ratios:
25% 20.1% 20.1% 21.3% 21.3%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2018 2019
Tier 1 capital ratio    Total capital ratio
The increase in the capital ratios is attributable in particular to
the increase in regulatory capital and to changes in the meas-
urement of counterparty default risk.
Credit risk: Credit quality structure
2019 (2018), Net exposure breakdown:
3% (3%) 2% (2%)
20% (21%)
75% (74%)
Investment grade    Non-investment grade    Watch list
Default
The share of investment grade net exposure increased slightly
over the previous year to 75% of total net exposure.
Economic risk-bearing capacity:
(EUR in billions)
40
28.3 29.8
30
18.4
20 14.5
10
0
2018 2019
Available risk coverage resources    Total ECAP requirement
Excess coverage rose in 2019, mainly due to the reduction in the
confidence level from 99.99% to 99.90% as part of the further
development of the risk-bearing capacity concept. Risk-bearing
capacity was maintained at a solvency target of 99.90%.
Market price risk:
2019 (2018), ECAP (EUR in billions)
0.32 (0.36)
0.61 (0.77)
Total
0.3 (n/a) 3.3* (5.4)
2.91 (4.27)
Interest risk    Interest volatility risk    Currency risk
Credit spread risk
* After diversification
The capital requirement for market price risk decreased as a
result of the implementation of an enhanced method for meas-
uring market price risk, including the transition to a new sys-
tem, as well as the reduction in the confidence level.
21 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

Liquidity risk:
1.00
Internal limit
0.80
0.60 0.42 0.49
0.40
0.20
0
2018 2019
Liquidity risk indicator (worst case)
The liquidity risk indicators remained considerably below the internal limit throughout the year.
In financial year 2019, as in previous years, KfW Group refined the processes and instruments in its risk management and controlling, taking into account current banking supervisory requirements. This involved, in particular, the adjustment of the
Basic principles and objectives of risk management
KfW Group has a statutory promotional mandate. Sustainable promotion is KfW Group’s overarching purpose. The aim of risk management is for the group to take risks only to the extent that they appear manageable in the context of its current and anticipated earnings position and the expected development of the risks. KfW Group’s risk/return management takes into account the business model of a promotional bank without the primary intention of generating a profit and without a trading book, with adherence to supervisory requirements constituting a fundamental prerequisite to the group’s business activities.
Operational risk:
ECAP (EUR in millions)
2,000
1,500
1,441 844
1,000
500
0
2018 2019
ECAP
The reduction of the confidence level to 99.90% in 2019 resulted
in a decrease in the economic capital requirement (ECAP).
risk-bearing capacity concept in view of the requirements of
the new guidelines for the supervisory assessment of internal
bank risk-bearing capacity concepts and the implementation of
the new system for measuring market price risk.
The promotional bank business model determines the group’s
risk culture, the underlying principle of which enables the group
to implement the four regulatory-based elements of risk culture.
Incentive structures for employees and their responsibilities are
designed accordingly. Senior management specifies the desired
code of conduct and sets an example in practicing it, with the
desired dialogue established by means of communication with
and through the relevant bodies.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 22

Organisation of risk management and monitoring Risk management bodies and responsibilities
As part of its overall responsibility, KfW’s Executive Board determines the group’s risk policies. The Board of Supervisory Directors is informed at least quarterly of KfW Group’s risk situation. The Risk and Credit Committee set up by the Board of Supervisory Directors is primarily responsible for advising the Board of Supervisory Directors about the group’s current and future overall risk tolerance and strategy and supports it in monitoring the implementation of the latter. The Committee decides on loan approvals (including loans to members of management), operational level equity investments, funding and swap transactions where committee authorisation is required by the KfW Bylaws. The Audit Committee monitors, above all, the accounting process and the effectiveness of the risk management system and internal control and offers recommendations to the Board of Supervisory Directors concerning its approval of KfW’s annual and consolidated financial statements.
Group risk management is carried out by various decision-making bodies, which are linked by their overlapping membership
structures. At the top of the system is the Executive Board, which takes the key decisions on risk policy and receives relevant information for this purpose. There are three risk committees below the level of the Executive Board (Credit Risk Committee, Market Price Risk Committee and Operational Risk Committee) which prepare decisions for the Executive Board and also take their own decisions within their remits. The committees also perform KfW Group management functions; thus, representatives from KfW subsidiaries are also included. Working groups such as the Rating Systems Working Group, Collateral Working Group, Country Rating Working Group, Corporate Sector Risk Working Group, Market Price Risk Working Group, Hedge Committee and OpRisk Working Group support the committees. Committee resolutions are adopted by simple majority with middle and back office departments (Marktfolge) or Risk Controlling entitled to veto decisions. Escalation to Executive Board level is possible in all committees.
Board of Supervisory Directors
Presidial and Nomination
Risk and Credit Committee Audit Committee Remuneration Committee Committee
Executive Board
Ëš Ëš Ëš
Credit Risk Committee Market Price Risk Committee Operational Risk Committee
Credit Risk Committee
The Credit Risk Committee is chaired by the Chief Risk Officer and meets once a week. The committee’s other voting members are the Director of Credit Risk Management, members of the Executive Board with front-office responsibilities and KfW IPEX-Bank’s Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”). The weekly meetings of the Credit Risk Committee involve in particular making important lending decisions in line with the credit approval policy, with KfW subsidiary exposures also being presented. In addition, current developments in the loan portfolio, including country and sector risks, are discussed once a month on an ad hoc basis; DEG’s CRO is also entitled to vote in these discussions. An additional meeting, held on a quarterly basis, also includes the Director of Risk Controlling and those of the business sectors materially affected by credit risk issues, as well as the DEG CRO and the managing director of KfW Capital responsible for risk issues. Internal Auditing, Group Development and Legal staff are granted guest status. This quarterly meeting involves discussion and decisions on general credit risk matters. These include in particular reports and draft resolutions on the risk situation and risk management as well as on credit risk
methods and principles. Reports are also made on the develop- ment of regulatory requirements, their impact and the progress of implementation projects in KfW Group.
The Credit Risk Committee is supported by various working groups. The Country Rating Working Group serves as the central unit for assessing country risk. The Collateral Working Group supports the committee in connection with methodological and procedural issues and decisions relating to collateral acceptance and valuation, in particular the (further) development of methods used, approval of validation results and adjustments to the collateral management processes. The Rating Systems Working Group is responsible for credit risk measurement instruments and rating procedures. The Corporate Sector Risk Working Group is a group-wide expert panel which analyses sector and product-related credit risks in the corporate segment. The Credit Risk Committee acknowledges the decisions taken and reports submitted by the working groups and other important matters they have addressed, on the basis of the working groups’ minutes.
23 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

Market Price Risk Committee
The Market Price Risk Committee, which meets monthly and as required, is chaired by the Chief Risk Officer. The members of the Executive Board responsible for capital markets business and finance are also represented. The members of the committee entitled to vote also include the directors of Risk Controlling, Financial Markets, Accounting and Transaction Management, as well as the CROs of KfW IPEX-Bank and DEG. Internal Auditing and Compliance and Group Development and Economics have guest status. The Market Price Risk Committee discusses KfW Group’s market price risk position and assesses the market price risk strategy on a monthly basis. The committee also monitors KfW Group’s liquidity risk position and decides on questions relating to the principles and methods applied for the management of market price and liquidity risks, and on funding and transfer pricing and valuation for commer-
Operational Risk Committee
The Operational Risk Committee meets once a quarter and provides support to the Executive Board in cross-functional management and the necessary decisions and acknowledgements in respect of operational and reputational risk, and group security including business continuity management. The Operational Risk Committee comprises the Chief Risk Officer, who is responsible for chairing the meetings, a further Executive Board member (deputy chair of meetings) and all KfW directors. Moreover, the managing director level of KfW IPEX-Bank, DEG and KfW Capital is represented on the committee. Internal Auditing participates in the meetings but is not entitled to vote. The committee makes decisions on group-wide management measures. Moreover, the committee discusses the risk status on the basis of the findings obtained through diffrent methods and instruments and evaluates any group-wide need for action, with the aim of adequate risk management. In the area of business continuity management (“BCM”) the committee establishes crisis-prevention and emergency-planning measures using the results of the annual business impact analysis. Monitoring is based on reports about planned or implemented emergency and
cial transactions. The committee prepares the final decision of the Executive Board regarding the interest risk strategy. Furthermore, the Market Price Risk Committee is supported by the Hedge Committee, which deals primarily with the earnings effects of IFRS hedge accounting and the further development thereof, and by the Market Price Risk Working Group. In addition to acknowledging validation reports and decisions on changes to models, this working group also develops, evaluates, decides on and prepares decisions to be made by the Market Price Risk Committee on other methodological issues relating to market price and liquidity risks as well as measurement issues. The Market Price Risk Committee acknowledges the decisions taken and the reports submitted by the Market Price Risk Working Group and other matters it has addressed, on the basis of the working group’s minutes.
crisis team tests and significant disruptions to business. The committee meeting documents, together with the minutes and the resolutions and recommendations contained therein, are submitted to the Executive Board. The committee has formed the Group Security Board (“GSB”) to take up matters relating to group security and business continuity management (“BCM”) and the OpRisk Working Group as a working group for exchange with the decentralised department coordinators for operational risk and business continuity management (“BOB”).
Additionally, the subsidiaries and organisational entities of KfW Group exercise their own control functions within the group- wide risk management system. Group-wide projects and working groups are in place to implement a group-wide approach, such as in the rollout of rating instruments to subsidiaries or in the management and valuation of collateral. The responsibility for developing and structuring risk management and risk control activities is located outside the front office departments and lies in particular with the Risk Controlling department.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 24

Risk management approach of KfW Group
OVERVIEW
Strategic objectives
Strategy/ objectives Business strategy Risk strategy (including risk appetite)
Securing KfW’s promotional capacity by ensuring capital adequacy (ICAAP) and liquidity (ILAAP)
Risk committees & internal control procedures
Credit Risk Committee Market Price Risk Committee Operational Risk Committee
Internal control system (ICS)
Direction Direction internal control mechanisms Direction front/back Internal office Direction Risk Management/Controlling* Direction Compliance auditing
Risk inventory Risk assessment Stress tests Risk reporting
Internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) Internal liquidity
Ensuring economic and normative risk-bearing capacity, adequacy process avoiding excessive indebtedness (ILAAP)
Credit risk Market price risk Operational risk Liquidity risk
– Portfolio guidelines – Proprietary models – Models for determin- – Proprietary models
– Risk guidelines for interest, ing capital require- for liquidity risks
– Second vote or interest rate ments (pillar II) – Liquidity transfer central voting (pro- volatility, foreign – Risk assessments pricing gramme business) currency and credit – Risk indicators – Limiting
– Limit management spread risks – Loss event analyses – Scenario analyses system – Limiting and – Emergency con- – Early warning
– Proactive collateral budgeting cepts/crisis team procedure management – Emergency planning
– Internal rating models Investment risk Project risk
– Loan portfolio model – Risk management – Central project port- culture
– Early warning Governance instruments process for equity folio management risk procedure investments at – Management of review controls and – Intensive operational level individual projects and monitoring – Management of strategic equity
Reputational risk integrated investments independent
Processes — Corporate
– Sustainability
Process management Process
– Exclusion list and countries blacklist
Concentration risk
Risk strategy addresses intra- and inter-risk concentrations as well as profit concentrations
Intra-group risk
Group risk management is monitoring the subsidiaries’ business activities according to the “look through” principle
Regulatory risk
Impact and scenarios analyses, including in multi-year capital planning
Model development and validation processes
Model inventory Modelling guideline Methodology principles
New Products Process (“NPP”)/changes in operational processes or structures / mergers and acquisitions
IT system landscape
* In addition to Risk Controlling, Credit Risk Management and Transaction Management in some cases also exercise control functions due to organisational reasons.
25 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

To ensure capital and liquidity adequacy in line with defined risk tolerance, Risk Controlling supports the Executive Board in developing and implementing the group’s risk strategy together with the relevant subsidiaries, KfW IPEX-Bank, DEG and KfW Capital.
The risk strategy translates the group’s long-term and strategic risk objectives into operational risk management requirements. This involves defining risk management objectives for core business activities and measures for achieving targets, as well as determining KfW Group’s appetite for material risks.
In order to determine its material risks, KfW Group conducts a risk inventory at least once a year. The risk inventory identi-fies and defines types of risks relevant to the group and then subjects them to a materiality evaluation. The materiality of a risk type depends primarily on the quantifiable potential danger for KfW Group’s net assets, earnings and liquidity, as well as the materiality threshold defined by the Executive Board. The key outcome of the risk inventory is an overall risk profile, which provides an overview of KfW Group’s material and immaterial risk types. The 2019 inventory identified that KfW Group faces the following material risks: credit, market price, liquidity, operational, equity investment, regulatory, project, reputational and intra-group risks. Risk concentrations associated with mate-
INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS The group’s internal capital adequacy assessment process (“ICAAP”) is characterised by two perspectives:
The aim of the ICAAP’s normative perspective is in particular the continuity of operations. To this end, the regulatory and supervisory capital requirements of Pillar I in accordance with the Capital Requirements Regulation (“CRR”) and the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz – “KWG”) are to be ensured both on an ongoing basis and in a longer-term view (normative capital planning). In addition to a base scenario, the total capital ratio is also considered in adverse scenarios. This is intended to enable early identification of any capital bottlenecks. Achievement of the strategic risk-bearing capacity objectives is also monitored in KfW’s planning and management process. To avoid excessive debt, the leverage ratio is integrated into the normative perspective as a further control variable.
In 2019, the group developed its economic risk-bearing capacity concept further in response to the revision of the banking supervisory risk-bearing capacity guidelines. One significant change concerned the reduction of the confidence level for risk measurement from 99.99% to 99.90%, whereby the group follows a widely accepted industry standard. The strategic capitalisation objective and the still accepted lower limits on risk-bearing capacity were raised as part of the risk strategy in order to maintain the security level of economic risk-bearing capacity. The economic perspective of the ICAAP serves to protect creditors from economic loss. This is achieved by compar-
rial risks either within a risk type or across various risk types in are taken into account in the risk inventory.
The Executive Board is informed about KfW Group’s risk situation on a monthly basis. A risk report is issued quarterly to KfW Group’s supervisory bodies. The respective bodies are informed on an ad hoc basis as required.
.
The models used for group-wide risk measurement and manage- ment are regularly validated in accordance with appropriate principles and guidelines, and are refined where necessary. These include the models for measuring and managing credit, equity investment, market price, liquidity, project and operational risks,—as well as the models for financial reporting measurement.
a The risk management approach is set out in the group’s proce- dural rules. The procedural rules stipulate the framework for the the application of uniform policies and procedures to identify, measure, control and monitor risk. The rules and regulations laid out in the procedural rules are binding for the entire group and are accessible to employees through their publication on the intranet. KfW group-wide regulations are supplemented by—rules specific to each business sector. See the following sec- tions for details on other elements of KfW Group’s risk manage— ment approach.
ing the capital available as of a reporting date (available finan-cial resources) with the risk assumed as of the same date (economic capital requirement or ECAP for all material risks to capital). Both capital and risk figures are present value-based and static, i.e., they do not take into account new business or expected results. Available financial resources are based on reg- ulatory capital, adjusted for impaired assets and accrued prof- its. The amount of economic capital required is largely deter— mined by the confidence level for risk measurement.
to The multi-year capital planning process does not include a reg-- ular forecast of economic risk-bearing capacity, although an indicative forecast of economic risk-bearing capacity may be produced if necessary, if future developments which may have a material impact on risk-bearing capacity are identified via a list of questions.
The economic perspective of the ICAAP is reviewed annually to ensure its appropriateness. The results of this review are taken into account in the assessment of risk-bearing capacity.
Both ICAAP perspectives include regularly performed stress—tests in the form of simulations of adverse economic conditions
- (downturn and stress scenarios). A traffic light system, established in this context with thresholds for normative and eco-in nomic risk-bearing capacity, indicates a need for action as part of operational and strategic management in the event of criti— cal developments.
-
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 26

Budgets based on total risk exposure in accordance with Art. 92 CRR at the level of each business sector/department are taken into account to ensure risk-bearing capacity. The allocated budgets are available to the business sectors/departments for backing existing and new business for the various types of risk. Capital allocation is conducted as part of KfW Group’s annual business sector planning process. In addition to the
requirements induced by business sector and area planning,    this process also takes into account the risk objectives and the bank’s risk tolerance. Budget compliance is checked on a monthly basis and action is taken, if necessary. Moreover, economic capital budgets are set for material risk types as their central control and limit variable and are monitored monthly.
Normative risk-bearing capacity
Key regulatory figures (pursuant to advanced IRB approach)
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 20181)
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Total risk exposure in accordance with Art. 92 CRR 138,750 140,988
– Credit risk 131,477 133,758
– Market price risk 1,732 1,431
– Operational risk 5,541 5,798
Regulatory capital 29,526 28,297
– Tier 1 capital 29,526 28,278
– Tier 2 capital 0 19
Tier 1 capital ratio 21.3% 20.1%
Total capital ratio 21.3% 20.1%
1) Due to effects from adjusting events, total risk exposure as of 31 December 2018 increased slightly by EUR 155 million (0.11%) compared to the previous year’s report.
KfW received an initial partial approval as of 30 June 2017 to calculate the regulatory capital ratios in accordance with the advanced IRB approach. The aim is to obtain additional approval for other portfolio segments by 2022. Meanwhile, portfolio segments not yet approved are evaluated with the
credit risk standardised approach (CRSA). The increase in the capital ratio is largely attributable to the increase in regulatory capital and to changes in the measurement of counterparty default risk. At 21.3%, the total capital ratio at year-end 2019 remained above the overall capital requirement.
Minimum requirements for total capital ratios
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
Total SREP capital requirements (TSCR) 13.5% 13.8%
Capital conservation buffer 2.5% 1.875%
Countercyclical capital buffer 0.156% 0.114%
Other systemic buffer 0.33% -
Overall capital requirement (OCR) 16.5% 15.7%
27 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

Economic risk-bearing capacity
To assess its economic risk-bearing capacity, KfW Group compares its economic capital requirement for potential losses from material quantifiable risks to capital with its available financial resources. The basis for available financial resources is regulatory capital in accordance with Art. 25–91 (Part Two) CRR, which is adjusted for previously unrecognised accrued profits, hidden burdens on securities, some capital deduction items and any tier 2 capital that may be available.
KfW Group bases its calculation of the economic capital requirement on a time frame of one year. The economic capital requirement for various types of risks is aggregated by adding them up, with no allowance made for diversification effects.
Credit risk is the risk of losses if business partners fail to meet their payment obligations to KfW Group at all, in due time or in full (default) or if their credit ratings deteriorate (migration). Credit risk includes settlement risk in connection with derivative transactions and credit valuation adjustment risk (“CVA” risk) in relation to derivative exposures. The economic capital requirement for credit risk is quantified by the Risk Controlling department, largely with the help of statistical models. For counter-party and migration risks, the loss potential is computed using a loan portfolio model and the risk measure of “credit value-at-risk”. The difference between credit value-at-risk and expected loss is referred to as the economic capital requirement. The economic capital requirement for CVA risk is based on the CVA charge of Pillar I, which is adjusted for economically relevant aspects (including consideration of other risk-relevant items and the use of internal ratings). For settlement risks, a buffer determined on the basis of different quantification approaches, which is reviewed annually, is applied in calculating economic risk-bearing capacity.
The economic capital requirement for equity investments at operational level is measured in the same way as for counter-party and migration risks.
The economic capital requirement for market price risk is calculated on the basis of the value-at-risk concept. Pillar II’s economic analysis takes account of interest risk (consisting of the jointly analysed sub-risk types: interest risk, as well as tenor and cross-currency basis spread risks) of the banking book, foreign currency risk, credit spread risk for securities and interest rate volatility risk. The possible loss of present value or
price is determined for each type of market price risk using a value-at-risk based on historical simulation. Ultimately, the economic capital requirement is determined by total value-at-risk (“VaR”), which takes into account diversification effects between the various types of market price risk.
The economic capital requirement for operational risk is calculated using an internal statistical model, which was derived from regulatory requirements for advanced measurement approaches. It takes a risk-sensitive approach to internal and external event data and risk scenarios. The capital requirement is calculated at group level, taking into account diversification effects, and then allocated to the business sectors. Moreover, the measurement of the quality of operational risk management within the group can generate premiums that are then applied to the capital requirement.
Project risks are also taken into account in the risk-bearing capacity concept. Both quantified individual risks from projects and general assumptions about potential losses in the project portfolio are included in risk measurement.
In addition, as a result of the annual ICAAP adequacy assessment, a model buffer was applied to cover model weaknesses and foreseeable methodological changes in economic risk-bearing capacity.
Using this method, the economic risk-bearing capacity as of
31 December 2019 satisfied a confidence level of 99.90%. The excess coverage of the available financial resources beyond the total capital requirement as of 31 December 2019 of EUR 15,308 million increased compared to 31 December 2018 (EUR 9,928 million). This increase is due to the decline in the total capital requirement, which is mainly attributable to the reduction in the confidence level from 99.99% to 99.90% in the course of revising the risk-bearing capacity concept, and is also attributable to the implementation of enhanced market price risk measurement (see “Market price risk” section). On the other hand, available financial resources have increased in particular due to the accrued profit for 2019. In addition, available finan-cial resources now also include the second half-year profit for 2018, which was not yet included in regulatory capital as of
31 December 2018 and was consequently not included in the available financial resources based on the previous definition.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 28

Economic risk-bearing capacity as of 31 December 2019    
EUR in millions                
Credit risk Invest- Market OpRisk Project 91    
incl. migration, CVA ment price risk (81)    
and settlement risk risk risk    
Model buffer 1,200 14,467 Total economic
8,539 518 3,275 844    (0) (18,369*) capital requirement
(10,607) (739) (5,403) (1,441)    
29,775 Available risk
(28,297) coverage resources
15,308 Excess
(9,928) coverage
In brackets: figures as of 31 December 2018, solvency level 99.99%    
* Incl. hidden burdens of EUR 98 million    
The Group manages liquidity risks primarily on the basis of internal risk indicators. Moreover, maximum liquidity gap limits (outflows on a monthly and yearly basis), available liquidity (liquidity potential) and the difference between the average re- sidual maturity of inflows and outflows (maturity gap) are monitored. On the basis of the KfW Law, KfW’s liquidity risks are additionally limited by the utilisation threshold in accordance with Article 4 of the KfW Law. The utilisation threshold compares current and non-current liabilities and must not exceed 10%. Internal indicators relating to the liquidity situation are based on comparing liquidity requirements and liquidity potential as a ratio in stress scenarios of differing severity. No capital is currently allocated as part of calculating risk-bearing capacity.
Reputational risks are evaluated and managed on a qualitative basis. No capital backing is currently provided as part of calculating risk-bearing capacity. The materiality of reputational risk is primarily due to the fact that KfW is a govern-
Stress and scenario calculations
To ensure the early indicator function and proactive focus in the ICAAP, KfW Group monitors, on a quarterly basis, different scen- arios (baseline or expected scenario), a downturn scenario (slight economic slowdown) and a stress scenario (deep recession) as well as their respective effects on risk-bearing capacity. These analyses show the group’s resilience and ability to act in the event of the occurrence of one of these scenarios. The baseline and stress scenarios also take the leverage ratio into account.
The baseline scenario includes projected business performance, expected comprehensive income and other effects influencing normative risk-bearing capacity, such as foreseeable changes in the capital structure and methodological developments.
ment-owned institution with a high moral responsibility and, as such, is subject to corresponding expectations in terms of ethics, governance and compliance standards. Materiality is thus not based on observed or potential decreases in KfW Group’s net assets, earnings or liquidity.
Each risk identification model represents a simplification of a complex reality and builds on the assumption that risk parameters observed in the past can be considered representative of the future. Not all possible inputs and their complex interactions can be identified and modelled for the risk development of a portfolio. This is addressed by including safety margins in the design of the model, and a supplementary model buffer in the calculation of risk-bearing capacity. This is one reason why KfW Group carries out stress tests with both the credit risk models and the market price risk models. The group continues to develop its risk models and processes in line with current banking regulations.
In the downturn and stress scenarios, effects on earnings and changes in capital requirements during the forecast period (in the economic perspective directly related to risk-bearing cap- acity as of the balance sheet date) are simulated, assuming negative economic development scenarios of varying severity. The effects of a severe global recession emanating from the eurozone are depicted in the stress scenario. In both scenarios, KfW Group currently assumes an overall increase in credit risk (counterparty and migration risks) and equity investment risk. In these scenarios, the EUR and USD interest rates as well as the EUR-USD exchange rate are forecast to develop in line with the economic situation. At the same time, it is assumed that increasing market uncertainties will lead to increased volatility
29 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

in interest rates, currencies and credit spreads, as a result of which the economic capital requirement for the corresponding types of risk will rise. Losses from securities prices as well as from operational and project risk further reduce capital in the stress scenario.
Overall, the group meets the economic risk-bearing capacity requirements, including the confidence level of 99.90% in the scenarios analysed. The regulatory capital ratios and the leverage ratio exceed the expected capital requirements.
Further stress tests are regularly carried out in addition to the economic scenarios to examine the resilience of KfW Group’s
Types of risk
COUNTERPARTY DEFAULT RISK
KfW Group faces counterparty default risks1) in the context of its promotional mandate. The majority of final borrower default risks are borne by the on-lending institutions in the domestic promotional lending business. Due to the business model, this results in a large proportion of bank risks in the portfolio. Other main risks result from promotional activities in the area of
economic and normative risk-bearing capacity. In addition to the sensitivity analyses and standard stress tests, current potential macroeconomic dangers form the basis for varying scenario stress tests. The focus in 2019 was on scenarios of a crisis of confidence in the EU, flagging economic growth in China, an Iran-Middle East crisis and a possible further deterioration of the global economy. In addition, the concentration and inverse stress tests show how concentration risks and other potential dangers could jeopardise KfW Group’s business model. In 2019, they again simulated the potential impact of the planned regulatory changes associated with the finalisation of Basel III on the group’s capital ratios.
start-up finance for SMEs and equity investments. Particularly in these segments of domestic promotion, KfW Group bears the risk stemming from final borrowers. In addition, KfW Group faces risks in the business sectors Export and project finance as well as Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies.
Debtor level Sovereigns Banks Enterprises Other
– Retail
Major rating    – Structured products processes
procedures    – Corporate rating – Start-up rating
– Country rating – Bank rating – Investment fund
(Probability    – SME rating
of default)    rating
– Special financing
– Self-employment rating development
further
Business level    Exposure at default and
Loss given default Validation
Portfolio level Loan portfolio model
1) Counterparty default risk is defined as the risk of financial loss that can occur if the borrower or counterparty fails to meet contractual payment obligations.
Counterparty default risk also includes country risk, comprising transfer, conversion and political risks.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 30

Counterparty default risk is measured by estimating the probability of default (PD), the exposure at default (EAD) and the loss given default (LGD). The product of the three aforementioned variables is the loss that can be expected, statistically, on average over many years. The expected loss is taken into account when determining risk-bearing capacity by deducting it from the available financial resources in accordance with the supervisory requirements of Article 158 of the CRR.
KfW Group uses internal rating procedures to determine the probability of default for banks, countries, corporations, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), start-ups, the self-employed and investment funds. These procedures are based on scorecards2) and generally follow a uniform model architecture consisting of a machine rating, checklist, group logic and a manual override. Simulation and cash flow-based rating procedures are used for significant parts of special financing and structured products, some of which were licensed from an external provider. For structured products, tranche ratings are determined on the basis of the default pattern of the asset pool and the waterfall structure of the transactions. The existing small-ticket retail positions (e.g. from the area of education financing) are valued using an automated procedure specially set up for this purpose. The rating procedures aim to predict the probability of default on a one-year basis. As a rule, the middle and back office departments are responsible for preparing ratings for risk-bearing business. Ratings for these exposures are updated regularly, at least once per year. With the approval of the supervisory authority, the previously enhanced and validated rating procedure for banks was implemented in July 2019. In addition, further developments were initiated as a result of new regulatory requirements (including rating procedures for corporations and countries), the design of which is to be completed by the beginning of 2020.
The probability of default is mapped on a uniform master scale for the entire KfW Group for the comparison of ratings from different rating procedures and business sectors. The master scale consists of 20 distinct classes which are divided into four groups: investment grade, non-investment grade, watch list and default. The range of default probabilities and the average default probability are defined for each class of the master scale. There are operating procedures specifying the responsibilities, competencies and control mechanisms associated with each rating procedure. External ratings are mapped to KfW Group’s master scale to ensure the comparability of internal ratings with ratings of external rating agencies. The rating procedures are validated and further developed.
Exposure at default (EAD) and valuation of collateral influence the severity of loss. Collateral has a risk-mitigating effect in calculating loss given default (LGD). In valuing acceptable collateral, the expected net revenue from collateral realisation in the case of loss, including haircuts, is determined. Haircuts to cover the credit risk of final borrowers are a major factor in the valuation of assignments made by financing partners in the on-lending business. For tangible collateral, haircuts are applied in particular for market price volatility, the costs of realisation and devaluation resulting from depreciation. Depending on the availability of data, the various valuation procedures for individual types of collateral are based on internal and external historical data and on expert estimates. A risk principle for loan collateral regulates uniform management, valuation and recognition of collateral across KfW Group. In addition to net revenue from collateral realisation, the recovery rate for uncollateralised exposure amounts is also an important component in determining LGD. The collateral valuation procedure and the procedure for estimating EAD and LGD are also subject to regular validation and further developed as needed, with new regulatory requirements also addressed.
A scorecard is a mathematical and statistical model and/or an expert knowledge-based model. The individual risk factors considered relevant for credit rating are con- verted into a score depending on their prevalence or value and weighted for aggregation.
31 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

KfW Group has limit management systems, risk guidelines and various portfolio guidelines to limit risks from new business. This set of risk management instruments forms the basis for the second vote on lending transactions, serves as an orientation guide for loan approvals and has the function of ensuring the appropriate quality and risk structure of KfW Group’s portfolio, while taking into account the special nature of KfW Group’s promotional business. At KfW, Group Risk Management has the second vote on a single exposure level. KfW IPEX-Bank and DEG each have their own second vote independent of the front office. The relevant business decision- making processes are structured with a view to risk. Lending transactions require a second vote depending on the type, scope of the risk content and complexity of the transaction. The qualification levels for approval of new business depend on rating, collateralisation or net exposure and total commitments to the group of connected customers. Approval is also required by the Board of Supervisory Directors’ Risk and Credit Committee for pre-defined, individual transaction volumes (according to rating and product type).
The portfolio guidelines distinguish between different types of counterparties and product variants and define the conditions under which business transactions may generally be conducted. In addition, risk guidelines for countries, sectors and products are defined in order to react to existing or potential negative developments with specific requirements for lending. The limit management systems ultimately track both risk concentrations (concentration limits) and credit rating-dependent individual counterparty risk (counterparty limits). Concentration limits serve to restrict risk concentrations in the loan portfolio and thus to prevent major individual losses. Counterparty limits serve to fine-tune the counterparty-specific management of credit default risk.
Existing higher-risk exposures are divided into a watch list and a list for non-performing loans. The watch list serves to identify potential problem loans early and, if necessary, to make preparations for handling these loans. This involves regularly reviewing and documenting the economic situation, the particular borrower’s market environment and the collateral provided, and formulating proposals for remedial action – particularly proposals for risk-limiting measures. For non-performing loans and also to a large extent for watch-list exposures3), process responsibility lies with restructuring units, to ensure involvement of specialists and professional management of problematic loans. The objective of this system is to achieve recovery of a loan through restructuring, reorganisation and workout arrangements. If the business partner is deemed incapable or unworthy of restructuring, the priority becomes optimum reali-sation of the asset and the related collateral. The Restructuring division is responsible for non-performing loans and for providing intensive support to banks and higher volume loans with a risk amount greater than EUR 1 million in the KfW portfolio. The portfolio credit management department is responsible for supporting retail business. KfW IPEX-Bank’s non-performing loans and exposures under intensive support, including KfW, DEG and KfW Capital trust activities, are managed directly by each subsidiary. Internal interface regulations are in place in the relevant business sectors to ensure control of responsibilities and allocation. Restructuring also cooperates with the front office departments and the central Legal Affairs department.
In the event of a crisis in the banking sector, the bank has to be able to act immediately both in-house and externally. A financial institution crisis plan is also in place for this purpose. It primarily provides for the establishment of a working group under the direction of the Credit Risk Management department, immediate loss analysis and implementation of the necessary next steps.
3) The assumption of responsibility for watch-list cases at KfW IPEX-Bank is decided on a case-by-case basis by Risk Management in consultation with the unit responsible for restructuring.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 32

Information on default risk and default risk concentrations (gross carrying amounts) as of 31 December 2019
Loans and advances Loans and advances
to banks    to customers1)
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
Investment grade Rating 1–4 167,073 0 0 34,522 0 0
Rating 5–8 84,117 0 0 28,774 60 0
Non-investment grade Rating 9–15 29,785 6 0 30,913 1,348 0
Watch list Rating 16–18 454 259 0 3,546 3,300 0
Default Rating 19–20 0 0 209 0 0 17,335
Total 281,429 265 209 97,755 4,708 17,335
Securities and investments Off-balance sheet transactions
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
Investment grade Rating 1–4 24,103 0 0 31,909 0 0
Rating 5–8 9,892 0 0 32,451 11 0
Non-investment grade Rating 9–15 444 0 0 18,952 91 0
Watch list Rating 16–18 0 0 0 839 564 0
Default Rating 19–20 0 0 77 0 0 310
Total 34,440 0 77 84,151 667 310
1) Loans and advances to customers also include the retail business, for which the stage is not derived based on the current rating but on the basis of negative criteria and
30 days past due status. Risk concentrations arise in the event of negative criteria or 30 days past due status. If one of these criteria is met, the customer is placed on
the watch list. In contrast, the stage 1 share of the retail segment without significant deterioration in credit risk is largely allocated to “non-investment grade”.
33 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report                

Information on default risk and default risk concentrations (gross carrying amounts) as of 31 December 2018
Loans and advances Loans and advances
to banks    to customers1)
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
Investment grade Rating 1–4 165,648 0 0 32,677 0 0
Rating 5–8 83,773 0 0 28,338 15 0
Non-investment grade Rating 9–15 29,814 144 0 31,203 1,419 0
Watch list Rating 16–18 581 309 0 3,432 3,011 0
Default Rating 19–20 0 0 127 0 0 17,159
Total 279,816 453 127 95,650 4,445 17,159
Securities and investments Off-balance sheet transactions
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
Investment grade Rating 1–4 23,234 0 0 34,545 0 0
Rating 5–8 8,780 16 0 29,042 3 0
Non-investment grade Rating 9–15 719 20 0 20,637 108 0
Watch list Rating 16–18 0 0 0 1,198 259 0
Default Rating 19–20 0 0 91 0 0 211
Total 32,732 35 91 85,422 370 211
1) Loans and advances to customers also include the retail business, for which the stage is not derived based on the current rating but on the basis of negative criteria
and 30 days past due status. Risk concentrations arise in the event of negative criteria or 30 days past due status. If one of these criteria is met, the customer is placed
on the watch list. In contrast, the stage 1 share of the retail segment without significant deterioration in credit risk is largely allocated to “non-investment grade”,
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 34

Credit risks and related credit protection of financial instruments measured at amortised cost as of 31 December 2019
Maximum risk
Maximum risk
Risk mitigation from
of default1)
of default
collateral stage 3
stage 3
tangible
personal
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks
281,661
115
0
26
Loans and advances to customers
118,370
16,277
42
15,685
Securities and investments
34,511
77
0
77
Off-balance sheet transactions
85,055
301
0
230
Total
519,597
16,770
42
16,018
1) Net carrying amount, excluding collateral and other credit enhancements
Credit risks and related credit protection of financial instruments measured at amortised cost as of 31 December 2018
Maximum risk
Maximum risk
Risk mitigation from
of default1)
of default
collateral stage 3
stage 3
tangible
personal
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks
280,201
88
0
25
Loans and advances to customers
115,904
16,184
120
15,718
Securities and investments
32,851
91
0
90
Off-balance sheet transactions
85,930
206
0
10
Total
514,885
16,568
120
15,843
1) Net carrying amount, excluding collateral and other credit enhancements
A large part of the personal collateral of the financial instru-
Portfolio structure
ments classified as stage 3 comprises federal guarantees and
The interaction of the risks associated with the individual expo-
credit insurance. These also include the federal guarantee for
sures in KfW Group’s loan portfolio4) is assessed based on an
the fully protected mandated transaction within the framework
internal portfolio model. Concentrations of individual borrowers
of the support measures for Greece in the approximate amount
or groups of borrowers give rise to a risk of major losses that
of EUR 15 billion. Tangible collateral for financial instruments
could jeopardise KfW Group’s existence. On the basis of the
classified as stage 3 exclusively consists of ship mortgages.
economic capital concept, the Risk Controlling department
measures risk concentrations by individual borrower, sector and
KfW Group did not take possession of any assets previously
country. Risk concentrations are primarily reflected in the eco-
held as tangible collateral in 2019.
nomic capital requirement. The results of these measurements
form the main basis for managing the loan portfolio.
4) The loan portfolio includes loans as well as securities and investments in performing business. The non-performing portfolio is only included in the presentation of credit quality.
35 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

Regions Economic capital requirement by region
The increase over the previous year in the euro area’s share of 31 December 2019 (31 Dec. 2018)
the total economic capital requirement to 89% (31 Dec. 2018:    
88%) resulted primarily from method adjustments in accounting 2% (2%)    1% (1%)
for collateral. This resulted in a significant increase in economic 3% (3%)    
1% (1%)    
capital requirements, in Germany in particular – above all in the 2% (3%)    
2% (2%)    
on-lending business (mainly in energy transition and housing 5% (6%)    
programmes).    
84% (82%)
Germany Euro area countries (excl. Germany)
EU countries (excl. euro area countries)
Europe outside EU Africa Asia (incl. Australia
and New Zealand) Latin America North America
Sectors Economic capital requirement by sector
The significant share of overall capital required for credit risks 31 December 2019 (31 Dec. 2018)
attributable to the financial sector is due to KfW Group’s    
promotional mandate. By far the greatest portion of KfW Group’s 1% (1%) 3% (4%)
domestic promotional business consists of loans on-lent through 1% (1%)
1% (1%)
commercial banks. The financial sector’s share of the economic 2% (3%)
capital requirement increased overall, due primarily to the 2% (4%) 84% (81%)
adjustments to methods described above. This particularly 6% (5%)
aï¬ected banks with large volumes of on-lending business.    
Financial industry Financial investments/funds Consumer
Energy/environment Essential goods
Transport infrastructure Public sector Other
Credit quality Credit quality by net exposure
As credit quality is a major factor influencing economic capital 31 December 2019 (31 Dec. 2018)
requirements, analysing the credit quality structure involves
examining the distribution of net exposure5) by credit quality 3% (3%) 2% (2%)
category. The higher proportion of investment grade exposure
in total net exposure was primarily the result of new business.
The watch list proportion is stable at 2.7% (previous year: 2.8%),
while the default proportion of 1.7% rose slightly to 1.9%. 20% (21%)
75% (74%)
Investment grade Non-investment grade Watch list
Default
5) Net exposure is the economic loss that potentially occurs in the event of an economic or political default event.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 36

Securitisations in KfW Group’s portfolio
Securitisations had a par value of around EUR 5.9 billion as of
31 December 2019. Accounting for the mark-to-market valuation of the securities reported at fair value and impairments, the portfolio also had a book value (including pro rata interest)
of around EUR 5.9 billion. The following tables show the composition of the securitisation portfolio by asset class, rating grade and geographical distribution.
Geographical breakdown of the underlying asset pool (based on par value)    
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
% %
Europe                99.7 99.5
World                0 0
North America                0.3 0.5
Africa                0 0
Asia                0 0
Exposure based on par values                
CLO RMBS CMBS ABCP Other Total as of Total as of
securiti- 31 Dec. 31 Dec.
sations 2019 2018
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
Investment grade 0 1,052 3 1,807 2,994 5,856 5,381
Non-investment grade 0 0 0 0 67 67 93
Watch list 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Default 7 0 0 0 0 7 15
7 1,052 3 1,807 3,061 5,930 5,488
The portfolio volume increased over the volume of 31 Decem-ber 2018 (nominal EUR +0.4 billion). The increase relates exclusively to the investment grade portfolio. In the geographical
MARKET PRICE RISK
KfW Group measures and manages market price risk on a present-value basis. The key drivers of market price risk in this context are:
– interest risk (consisting of the jointly analysed sub-risk types: interest risk, as well as tenor and cross-currency basis spread risks);
– interest rate volatility risk (newly defined sub-risk type since
1 March 2019);
– foreign currency risk; and
– issuer-related spreads for securities (credit spread risks).
breakdown of the underlying asset pool, the entire portfolio remains almost fully attributable to Europe, with Germany accounting for the lion’s share.
Market price risk within the group required a total of
EUR 3.3 billion in economic capital as of 31 December 2019. This is EUR 2.1 billion less than the previous year. The changes are mainly due to the switch to a new risk system on 1 March 2019 and the reduction in the confidence level mentioned above. The switch also involved diversified means of calculating the total ECAP requirement for market price risk across all market risk sub-types, significant changes to methods and extended modelling of options (in particular, the implied floors of lending transactions). KfW Group market price risk breaks down as follows:
37 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

Economic capital requirement for market price risk
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Interest risk1) 2,910 4,273
Interest risk 2,998 3,562
Tenor basis spread risk 209 711
Cross-currency basis spread risk 359
Interest rate volatility risk 304 -
Currency risk 611 769
Credit spread risk 318 361
Diversification –868 -
Market price risk 3,275 5,403
1) Due to diversification eï¬ects in the interest risk, the risk sub-types do not add up to the total interest risk.
Value-at-risk approach
The economic capital requirement is calculated using a value-at-risk (“VaR”) calculation across the various types of market price risk using a uniform method. Historical simulation is used as the VaR model. Historical simulation is based on market data time series comprising the previous three years (751 trading days). The uniform holding period is 12 months, with time scaling based on a one-day holding period. In addition, scaling to the target quantile (99.9%) is carried out on the basis of a 97.5% quantile determined using historical simulation.
VaR indicators are determined for each of the following types of risk: interest risk, tenor and cross-currency basis spread risks, currency risk, interest rate volatility risk and credit spread risk. The total VaR is also calculated taking account of diversifi-cation eï¬ects between the aforementioned risk types. The total VaR, interest risk, interest rate volatility risk, credit spread risk and currency risk are limited.
Interest risk
Yield curves defined as risk factors serve as the basis for historical simulation to quantify interest risks. These implicitly include interest risk as well as tenor and cross-currency basis spread risks. In contrast, interest rate volatility and credit spread risks are explicitly not included in interest risk, but are modelled separately and reported using separate key VaR indicators. The capital requirement for interest risk decreased by EUR 1,363 million to EUR 2,910 million as of the reporting date,
31 December 2019.
Interest rate volatility risk
The interest rate volatility risk is based on changes in the market values of modelled interest rate options (e.g. termination
rights). The economic capital requirement for these risks is calculated in the same way as for other types of risk, using histor- ical simulation (see Value at Risk section). With regard to the lending business, interest volatility risk results from “floors at 0” anchored in loan agreements. Interest rate volatility risk is measured as a side eï¬ect of the original business activity and limited by means of an ECAP sub-limit. The capital requirement for interest rate volatility risk had risen by EUR 304 million as of 31 December 2019.
Currency risk
The economic capital requirement for currency positions is calculated in the same way as for interest risk, using historical simulation. The capital requirement for currency risk decreased by EUR 158 million to EUR 611 million as of the reporting date,
31 December 2019.
Credit spread risk
Risk measurement is carried out for the securities portfolio. The economic capital requirement for this risk type is calculated in the same way as for other risk types, using historical simulation. The economic capital requirement for credit spread risk as of 31 December 2019 was EUR 318 million. Credit spread risk declined by EUR 43 million year on year.
Stress testing
In addition to the calculation of the ECAP requirement based on the VaR model of historical simulation, the eï¬ects of extreme market situations (scenarios) on the present value and VaR target variables are determined by means of stress tests. The new regulatory requirements for present value stress testing (“IRRBB”) are also met.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 38

LIQUIDITY RISK
Liquidity risk is the risk of a lack of liquidity on the part of an institution or market, or of more expensive funding. Liquidity risk thus comprises insolvency risk, market liquidity risk and funding risk.
– Insolvency risk: Risk that payment obligations cannot be met, cannot be met on time or cannot be met in full.
– Market liquidity risk: Risk of (value) losses if assets cannot be traded on the market due to lack of liquidity, cannot be traded in due time, in full or in sufficient quantity or cannot be traded at prevailing market conditions.
– Funding risk: Risk of lower income due to more expensive funding (liabilities) that cannot be passed on to borrowers.
The primary objective of liquidity management is to ensure that KfW Group is capable of meeting its payment obligations at all times. KfW is available as a contractual partner for all commercial transactions of its subsidiaries, particularly for their funding. For this reason the liquidity requirements of the subsidiaries are included both in KfW Group’s funding plans and in the liquidity maintenance strategy.
Liquidity risk is measured on the basis of economic scenario analyses and the utilisation threshold under Article 4 of the KfW Law. In addition, liquidity gaps are limited based on business already concluded, available liquidity potential and the maturity gap between inflows and outflows.
INTERNAL LIQUIDITY ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS The internal liquidity adequacy assessment process (ILAAP) principle describes the management and monitoring of KfW Group’s liquidity risk position. The procedure established by the institution serves to identify, measure, manage and monitor liquidity. The aim of the ILAAP is to ensure liquidity and avoid liquidity bottlenecks. It also assesses internal governance and institution-wide controls.
KfW Group prioritises management of insolvency risk. Market liquidity risk and funding risk are examined annually as part of the risk inventory; they were not classified as material as of
31 December 2019. The funding risk is limited indirectly by limiting the maturity gap. Insolvency risks are mainly limited through economic liquidity risk ratios and limits for liquidity potential and liquidity gaps. The aim of the liquidity risk strategy is to preserve the ability to meet payment obligations at all times and when due, even in stress scenarios.
Internal measurement of liquidity risk is based on scenario calculations. This approach first analyses the expected inflow and total outflow of payments for the next twelve months based on business already concluded. This baseline cash flow is then supplemented by planned and estimated payments (e.g. borrowings from the capital market, expected liquidity-related loan defaults or planned new business). The result provides an over- view of the liquidity required by KfW Group over the next twelve months. The liquidity required is calculated for diï¬erent scenarios. In this respect, market-wide and institution-specific risk factors are stressed and an evaluation is made of the impact on KfW Group’s liquidity.
Parallel to the above approach, KfW Group also determines the available liquidity potential, which largely consists of KfW’s collateral account with the Bundesbank, repurchase agreement assets, the liquidity portfolio and the volume of commercial paper that is regularly placeable on the market. The available liquidity potential is subjected to stress analysis in the same way as the other cash flow components. The ratio of cumulative required liquidity to the cumulative available liquidity potential is calculated for each scenario. This figure may not exceed the value of 1 in any scenario for any period. The prescribed horizon in the normal case scenario is twelve months, in the stress case six months, and in the two worst case scenarios, three months. The scenario assumptions are validated on an annual basis.
The indicators are calculated and reported to the Market Price Risk Committee on a monthly basis. The following table shows the risk indicators for the scenarios as of 31 December 2019:
| KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

KfW liquidity risk indicators
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
Indicator Indicator
Normal case 0.10 0.00
Stress case 0.24 0.13
Worst case (institution-specific) 0.31 0.17
Worst case 0.49 0.42
The internal liquidity risk indicators remained below the internal limit of 1 throughout 2018.
Current funding environment
KfW Group raised a total volume of EUR 80.6 billion on the international capital markets in financial year 2019 (2018: EUR 76.1 billion). It issued a total of 157 individual transactions in 12 diï¬erent currencies. Around 78% of its long-term funding was in the two main funding currencies: the euro and the US dollar. The share of bonds denominated in euros decreased again – to 52% in 2019 (2018: 61%); those denominated in US dollars amounted to 26% (2018: 27%).
OPERATIONAL RISK AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT
KfW Group’s organisational structure provides for a two-tier system comprising decentralised and centralised units liaising with the Operational Risk Committee. Management of risks is decentralised and performed within the business sectors and subsidiaries by the respective directors or managing directors, who are supported by the respective sector coordinators of Operational Risk and Business Continuity Management. Monitoring and communication of risks is performed on a cross-functional basis by Risk Controlling (central OpRisk Controlling) and Central Services (central Business Continuity Management). These staï¬ develop the relevant methods and instruments for identifying and assessing risks and monitor their group-wide uniform application.
The aim of management and control of operational risk and business continuity management is the proactive identification
The programme volume of the Euro Commercial Paper (“ECP”) programme designed for global investors amounted to EUR 70 billion. The volume issued under the ECP programme was lower in 2019 than in the previous year. The outstanding volume here amounted to EUR 33.8 billion at the end of 2019 (year-end 2018: EUR 35.1 billion). The issue volume under the US Commercial Paper (“USCP”) programme was also lower year on year in 2019. The USCP programme, with a programme volume of USD 10 billion, is specially designed for the US market. KfW Group uses this programme to cover a large portion of its need for short-term funds in US dollars. The outstanding volume amounted to USD 6.7 billion at the end of 2019 (year-end 2018: USD 6.8 billion).
and averting of potential losses for KfW Group, i.e. to make emergencies and crises manageable and to secure KfW Group’s structural ability to remain in operation even in the event of loss of key resources.
In accordance with Article 4 (1) No. 52 of the CRR, KfW Group defines operational risk as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. The following types of risk/sub-types of operational risk are also defined and monitored as a rule by specialised second line of defence units: compliance risk, information security risk, payment transaction risk, physical security risk, legal risk, conduct risk, service provider risk (including outsourc-ing risk), personnel risk, operational risk from adjustment processes, model risk and information technology risk unrelated to information security.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 40

Losses are recorded in KfW Group in an OpRisk events database. After each quarter, recorded loss events and any measures introduced as a result are reported to the relevant departments. The Executive Board, the Board of Supervisory Directors and the Operational Risk Committee are briefed monthly or quarterly as part of internal risk reporting. Ad hoc reports are also made if a loss exceeds a certain level.
In addition, operational risks are identified in risk assessments carried out group-wide. Such assessments also examine new activities in the New Products Process (“NPP”) as well as changes in operational processes for potential operational risks. Within the risk assessments, operational risk is measured on the basis of expert estimates in combination with other information such as internal loss events, which are backed by a distribution assumption for loss frequency and amount. The results of the risk assessment are reported to the Operational Risk Committee and the Executive Board. As part of the risk assessment, the business areas check the implementation of additional risk-mitigating measures (e.g. checks as part of the internal control system, or “ICS”).
Where adequate monitoring of operational risks using metrics is possible, risk indicators are used. Compliance with centrally prescribed risk-mitigating requirements (e.g. training course participation, deadlines, escalation procedures) is monitored using business area-specific OpRisk information dashboards to ensure escalation across all levels up to the Executive Board in the event of non-compliance.
OTHER RISKS
Equity investment risks
In managing equity investment risks, KfW Group diï¬erentiates between risks from equity investments at operational level and strategic equity investments:
Equity investments (operational level)
Undertaking equity investments at operational level is part of the group’s promotional mandate. Accordingly, there are equity investments in connection with domestic and European investment financing and in the Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies and Export and project finance business areas. KfW group-wide basic rules for equity investments at operational level are set out in guidelines. Specific rules tailored to certain segments of equity investments are also set out in portfolio guidelines, working instructions or risk guidelines. Risk measurement is performed at an individual loan commitment level for operational level equity investments in the same way as for credit risk using models specified for this purpose. Equity investment portfolio risks are reported separately in a dedicated report as well as quarterly in the risk report.
Overall, operational risk within the group required a total of EUR 844 million in economic capital as of 31 December 2019. This is EUR 597 million less than as of 31 December 2018. This reduction in economic capital is due to the adjustment of the confidence level from 2019 onwards.
Business continuity management is implemented if a business interruption occurs due to internal or external events. This is an integrated management process which covers the four key outage and loss scenarios: site outages (building or infrastructure), IT system outages, staï¬ outages and service provider outages. Business continuity management incorporates preventative components (emergency preparedness) and reactive components (emergency and crisis management).
For the purpose of business continuity management, business processes are analysed and categorised based on how critical they are, and the supporting resources for each case examined accordingly. Identifying critical business processes and their dependency on supporting resources forms the basis for eï¬ec-tive business continuity management. Individual measures are developed for these business processes and their supporting resources, in order to be able to guarantee the required availability and reduce business risks. These include emergency workstations, emergency plans, communication tools and alerts/ alarms. KfW Group’s crisis team takes responsibility for overall crisis management if necessary. It practises emergency and crisis organisation teamwork in regular crisis team tests.
Strategic equity investments
Strategic equity investments support KfW’s mandate of providing an efficient and sustainable promotional offering. In addition to reinforcing and expanding core competencies, the focus of this investment type is on complementing KfW’s business sectors. Strategic equity investments normally have a long-term holding period. KfW also makes strategic equity investments in accordance with Article 2 (4) of the KfW Law (mandated transactions). The Federal Government mandates such equity investments to KfW because the Federal Republic of Germany has a state interest in them.
Dedicated organisational units are responsible for strategic equity investments based on an equity investment manual that describes legal bases, strategies, principles, procedures and responsibilities of equity investment management. Acquisitions and disposals of and changes to strategic equity investments are subject to defined processes as well as authorisation by the Executive Board and – in accordance with the KfW Bylaws –
41 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

authorisation by the Board of Supervisory Directors. Moreover, acquiring a strategic equity investment in excess of 25%, creating or increasing such an equity investment or fully disposing of it requires authorisation by the Federal Ministry of Finance in accordance with Section 65 (3) of the Federal Budget Code
(Bundeshaushaltsordnung – “BHO”). Strategic equity investments and their individual risks are monitored and presented to the Executive Board as part of an annual equity investment report, as well as in ad hoc reports, if necessary. The individually defined strategies for the equity investments are updated annually. Moreover, the group is normally represented in the supervisory bodies of its strategic equity investments.
Intra-group risk
Due to the risk relevance for the group and the objective of consistent group management, the risks of KfW IPEX-Bank, DEG and KfW Capital are fully taken into account as part of group risk management. For example, the business activities of these subsidiaries are applied to the group-wide limits on a look-through basis and included in the capital allocation of the group, and representatives of the subsidiaries are members of the group’s risk committees. KfW also monitors the risk situation of its subsidiaries on a stand-alone basis. The management of each subsidiary reports regularly to the responsible members of the Executive Board on risk, as well as finance and strategy.
Reputational risk
Reputational risk is the risk that the perception of the group from the point of view of the relevant internal and external stakeholders will deteriorate for the long term with a negative impact on KfW Group. This negative impact could lead to a decrease in KfW Group’s net assets, earnings or liquidity (e.g. decline in new business) or may be of a non-monetary nature (e.g. difficulty in recruiting new staï¬). Reputational risk may arise as a consequence of other types of risk, or independently.
In the risk management process, reputational risk is primarily managed in a decentralised manner. The framework for this purpose includes sustainability management with a group-wide sustainability mission statement, which uses a multidimensional approach to address central areas of action in the banking business and operations and as an employer. Furthermore, examinations of new activities in the NPP as well as of out-sourced activities in outsourcing management are regularly conducted to detect potential reputational risks.
Moreover, as part of risk identification, the central reputational risk control function coordinates qualitative reputational risk assessment and creates a risk profile outlining the group’s greatest reputational risks. In addition, reputational risk events that have occurred are reported on an ongoing basis.
Project risk
Original project risk comprises, in particular, planning assump- tions that turn out to be inaccurate. Project risk has implications for the achievement of project objectives with regard to cost, time and achievement of objectives (e.g. new technical requirements, and time constraints arising from parallel projects). Managing project risk is part of project management and takes place in both the project planning and execution stages.
The Central Project Management Office (“CPMO”) supports the projects in fulfilling their objectives and achieving their targets. The CPMO provides scaled specifications and support services according to project size. As the central authority for project portfolio management, the CPMO provides the methodological framework for implementation of projects within the group and is responsible for the evaluation and presentation of the risk situation of the project portfolio and the department portfolios for a specified number of projects. Compliance with this framework and these requirements by the aforementioned projects is also monitored and supported.
Regulatory risk
Regulatory risks for KfW Group arise primarily from an increase in requirements regarding minimum capital ratios and from possible negative effects on the group’s business model due to future changes in the regulatory environment. These include the costs resulting from the implementation and ongoing fulfilment of the additional requirements as well as the associated capital tie-up.
As part of the capital adequacy process, regulatory risk is to be addressed through conservative traffic light limits as a management and early warning instrument with regard to regulatory capital requirements. In addition, the capitalisation of KfW Group is reviewed as part of capital planning and in cooperation with the owners. In this context, potential negative eï¬ects arising from the finalisation of the capital adequacy requirements under Basel III are analysed and assessed, in particular.
Moreover, KfW actively keeps track of changes in its legal envi- ronment, which makes it possible to identify new regulatory requirements and to determine any necessary action.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 42

Additional internal control procedures
Process-integrated internal control system (ICS)
The aim of KfW Group’s ICS is to use suitable principles, measures and procedures to ensure the eï¬ectiveness and profitability of business activities, compliance with the legal requirements applicable to KfW Group, the accuracy and reliability of external and internal accounting, and the protection of assets.
There are group-wide ICS rules as well as binding group-wide minimum requirements of the ICS. KfW Group’s ICS is based on the relevant legal (bank regulatory) requirements6), in particular those set forth in the KWG and MaRisk, and the market standard COSO model7).
The KfW Executive Board holds overall responsibility for the group’s internal control system. At KfW IPEX-Bank, KfW Capital and DEG, the respective company management holds overall responsibility. Design and implementation at the diï¬erent corporate levels are the responsibility of the relevant managers according to the organisational structure.
In accordance with the COSO model, the ICS consists of the five following interrelated components: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information/communication and monitoring/auditing. These components extend to all KfW Group’s organisational entities, functions and processes.
The control environment is the environment within which KfW Group introduces and applies rules. Risk assessment includes the identification, analysis and evaluation of risks that result from implementing corporate strategy. Control activities are aimed at achieving corporate objectives eï¬ectively and detecting or minimising risks. A KfW Group information and communication policy is aimed at comprehensively providing all stakeholders with the information they need in the required detail to make decisions. Appropriate monitoring and audit mechanisms are in place to determine the functionality and eï¬ectiveness of the ICS.
Procedural rules form the basis of the ICS. These constitute the framework for a proper business organisation within KfW Group, in the form of a binding policy.
Workflow organisational measures and controls are intended to ensure that monitoring is integrated into processes. Monitoring measures integrated into processes serve to avoid, reduce, detect and/or correct processing errors or financial loss. The eï¬ects of any planned changes to operational processes and structures on the procedure and intensity of monitoring are analysed in advance.
KfW Group has implemented accounting-related controls to minimise the risk of error in stand-alone and consolidated financial statements and ensure the correctness and reliability of internal and external financial reporting. The accounting-related controls are part of the ICS.
The system is supplemented by the Compliance department, which defines and monitors compliance with relevant measures, on the basis of relevant rules and norms. The Compliance function performs regular process-based and accompanying monitoring of the relevant areas of the internal control system. The results of additional second line of defence units (OpRisk in particular) are included in monitoring and the further develop- ment of the internal control system.
To ensure the adequacy and eï¬ectiveness of the ICS, KfW regularly scrutinises and continually refines its standards and conventions.
A report is rendered annually to KfW Group’s supervisory bodies. The adequacy and eï¬ectiveness of the ICS is also assessed by Internal Auditing on the basis of risk-based audits carried out independently of group procedures.
Compliance
The Executive Board bears the overall responsibility for compli- ance within the group. The Executive Board delegates the associated tasks to the Compliance department. The officers appointed by the Executive Board for the relevant areas of responsibility are located in the Compliance department. These are in particular the group officers for securities compliance, money laundering and fraud prevention (central unit in accord- ance with Section 25h of the German Banking Act (Kreditwesen- gesetz – “KWG”).
The Compliance organisation is structured in accordance with the Three Lines of Defence model and as the second line of defence, it is aligned with the requirements for a MaRisk compliance function. In this context, group compliance has included measures to comply with data protection regulations as well as measures for the prevention of insider trading, money launder- ing, terrorism financing and other criminal activities, and for monitoring legal requirements and the associated implementation measures. There are therefore binding rules and procedures that influence the day-to-day implementation of values and the corporate culture, which are updated regularly and on an ad hoc basis to reflect current law as well as market requirements. The aim is to manage and assess compliance risks
6) See Section 25a (1) no. 1 KWG, MaRisk AT 4.3, and Sections 289 (5), 315 (2) no. 5, 324, and 264d HGB.
7) COSO = Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
43 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report

as part of non-financial risks (NFRs) by means of key performance indicators (KPIs) to be developed (e.g. for information security risk, money laundering, fraud, financial sanctions, securities compliance, data protection, etc.) and to establish a risk management cycle based on current management philosophy regarding financial risks (credit risk).
Within the scope of its duties as second line of defence, Compliance is responsible for and authorised to implement statutory or regulatory requirements and Executive Board decisions, to analyse individual cases/irregularities, to coordinate necessary measures and, where applicable, to initiate ad hoc measures to limit damage. In relation to all other areas of the group, the Compliance department performs its tasks autonomously and independently and is not subject to any instructions, in particular with regard to analysis (including evaluation of results), monitoring activities, defining and implementing rules and measures, and reporting. In order to perform its duties, Compliance has a complete and unrestricted right to information, inspection and access to all premises, documents, records, audio recordings and systems.
Internal Auditing
Internal Auditing is an instrument of the Executive Board. As an entity that works independently of KfW Group procedures, it audits and assesses all of KfW Group’s processes and activities to identify the risks involved and reports directly to the Executive Board.
With a view to risk management processes, Internal Auditing performed an audit in the reporting year of the decentralised risk management processes and central aspects of risk management and risk control which were relevant group-wide. Focal points included audits of projects regarding the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), as well as assessing reporting and payment transactions.
Moreover, Internal Auditing continued to monitor the ongoing development of risk measurement procedures in 2019 by attending meetings of decision-making bodies (as a guest).
Internal Auditing also functions as KfW Group’s internal auditing department. It is involved in subsidiaries’ audit planning and incorporates the audit results of the subsidiaries’ internal auditing departments in group-wide internal audit reporting.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Risk report | 44

Forecast and opportunity report
General economic environment and development trends
KfW expects global economic growth to pick up only slightly in 2020, given that global real gross domestic product (“GDP”) is projected to increase by 3.1% year on year, following growth of 2.9% in 2019 according to the IMF estimate. Experts forecast divergent development between industrialised nations and developing countries/emerging economies, as defined by the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”). Real GDP in industrialised countries as a whole will probably increase more slowly in 2020 than in 2019. According to the IMF in its October issue of the World Economic Outlook 2019, this trend applies in particular to the US, where the fiscal stimulus is no longer expected to have an expansionary eï¬ect, but rather a neutral one, and to
Japan, where the eï¬ects of the VAT increase will probably weigh on private consumption despite fiscal countermeasures. Devel- oping countries and emerging economies in the aggregate may develop in the opposite direction compared to industrialised nations, large emerging economies such as Brazil, Mexico, Russia and India, in particular, are expected to post higher annual real GDP growth rates than in 2019, while countries such as Turkey and Iran are likely to have overcome their recessions. Annual economic growth in developing countries and emerging econo- mies as a whole for 2020, however, will continue to lag behind the 2011-2018 average of 5.0%.
Gross domestic product at constant prices, year-on-year change    
2011-2018
2019 estimate1) 2020 forecast2) average
in % in % in %
Global economy* 2.9 3.1 3.6
Industrialised countries* 1.7 1.5 1.9
Developing countries and emerging economies* 3.7 4.2 5.0
Sources:    
1) IMF (2020), World Economic Outlook. An Update to the Key WEO Projections, January 20, 2020    
2) Forecasts using the World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019    
* Aggregation of annual GDP growth rates at each country’s constant prices based on the shares of each country’s GDP valued at purchasing power parity (“PPP”) in the
corresponding aggregate. Grouped into industrialised countries and emerging economies based on IMF classification. Average calculated as the geometric mean of
annual growth rates.    
There are certain risks to this baseline scenario according to the IMF, which believes that global real GDP growth may be lower in 2020 due to various developments: (a) a further escalation of trade tensions and the associated increase in political uncertainty; (b) a rise in risk premiums in the financial markets, which is likely to tighten financial conditions, particularly for economies with budget and current account deficits; (c) increased vulnerability to external shocks in countries that have posted increases in private (household and corporate) and public debt; and (d) geopolitical disputes and extreme weather conditions (climate change) that adversely aï¬ect productivity growth (e.g., by disrupting supply chains).
For the euro area, KfW expects price-adjusted GDP to grow by 1.0% in 2020. The anticipated growth rate will therefore not reach the previous year’s level and is also below the average for the period from 2011 to 2018. As regards GDP demand-side components, private consumption is likely to make the largest percentage-point contribution to price-adjusted GDP growth (0.8 percentage points). This forecast is based on the assumption that employment in the euro area will continue to grow in 2020.
According to the European Commission, the uncertainty associated with the ongoing trade policy tensions is a factor that will dampen the growth of price-adjusted GDP in 2020. This factor increases the likelihood that growth in gross fixed capital formation will decline and that net exports will not contribute to growth.
45 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Forecast and opportunity report

In Germany, price-adjusted GDP in 2020 is expected to grow by 0.9% compared to the previous year (price and calendar-adjusted GDP 2020: +0.5% year on year). In light of the forecasts for the global economy described above, KfW assumes that net exports will slow price-adjusted GDP growth in 2020.
In contrast, KfW expects consumption and construction investment to make the greatest contributions to growth in 2020 on the expenditure side of price-adjusted GDP. The latter is based on the assumption that the proportion of the working population whose place of work is in Germany will continue to rise in 2020.
Gross domestic product at constant prices, year-on-year change    
2011-2018
2019 2020 forecast average
in % in % in %
Euro area 1.2 1.0 1.3
Germany 0.6 0.9 1.9
USA 2.3 2.0 2.2
Sources for the table: Eurostat, Destatis, BEA    
In KfW’s opinion, risks particularly relevant to the euro area and Germany that could lead to lower than expected growth in price-adjusted GDP in 2020 are the following: an escalation of global trade policy tensions, including the possibility of US special tariï¬s on car and car part imports from the European Union; a disorderly Brexit or new conflicts in the negotiations on long-term relations between the European Union and the UK, which are likely to begin in 2020; and Italy’s national debt, which is a permanent source of uncertainty as regards confidence among the financial market participants in the European Monetary Union’s and thus also Germany’s financial markets.
For 2020 KfW assumes that average money and capital market interest rates will be lower than in 2019 in the euro area and the US particularly in the financial market environment given the declining growth rates of real GDP in these regions.
For the euro area, KfW expects the deposit rate of the European Central Bank (ECB) to average –0.60% in 2020. This lower figure compared to 2019 (–0.44%) is projected because, as in the ECB staff projections, the inflation rate – measured by the annual inflation rate of the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) – is expected to be lower than the average for 2019. Such development normally results in central banks moving to a more expansionary monetary policy. Moreover, the environment of low inflation rates, which are not compatible
with the ECB’s inflation target of “below, but close to, 2%”, is likely to lead the ECB, as announced in its “Introductory Statements” to the press conferences on its monetary policy decisions at the end of 2019, to continue net purchases of securities at a monthly rate of EUR 20 billion for as long as necessary. The lower deposit rate, together with the net purchases of securities resumed in November 2019 (which tend to have a dampening eï¬ect on interest rates), can be expected to result in lower average EUR swap rates for medium and longer terms in 2020 than in 2019. This assumption is made particularly in view of the fact that market participant expectations of rising key interest rates are likely to remain very limited given the real GDP growth KfW expects for the euro area, which is assumed to be lower than the average for this decade before 2019 (2011-2018). The yield curve (the spread between ten and two-year swap rates) is expected to flatten slightly on average in 2020 according to KfW assumptions.
For the US, KfW expects the US Federal Reserve to make two further key interest rate cuts in 2020 given the anticipated lower real GDP growth compared with 2019. The Federal Reserve’s projections show that the members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) do not expect key rates to change at year-end 2020 from year-end 2019. However, given the decline in real GDP growth assumed for 2020 compared to 2019, KfW – unlike the FOMC members – believes that the average annual inflation rate in the years up to 2022 will not
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Forecast and opportunity report | 46

exceed the Federal Reserve’s 2% target, as measured by the annual inflation rate of the core components of the Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index (core rate of the “PCE” deflator). KfW believes that the yield curve (spread between ten and two-year USD swap rates) is likely to be somewhat steeper on average in 2020 than in 2019 as the two-year swap rates are expected to fall more sharply than the ten-year rates. The primary upside and downside risks to the above forecasts that were identifiable at the time of writing this report are the outcome of the trade war between the US and China, the results of the US presidential election and the development of the related campaign, and the eï¬ects of an agreed, postponed or even cancelled Brexit.
KfW has assessed the impact of Brexit on the various business sectors of KfW Group and developed options for action based
New business projections Overview
As the central control variable for its net assets, KfW Group projects new business volume of EUR 77.0 billion for 2020 – close to the 2019 level. This forecast reflects the continuation of the growth trend in the Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies and Export and project finance business sectors, and the stabilisation of the commitment volume for promotion of the German economy in the low-interest environment compared to the past few years. The commitment volume in the business sector Financial markets is expected to decline significantly from 2019 due to the focus on green bonds.
Domestic business
The business sector Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden
(SME Bank & Private Clients) is divided by client group into two segments: SME Bank and Private Clients. The SME Bank business segment expects demand for commercial financing to decline in 2020 due to the deteriorating economic outlook and the persistent low interest rates.
The Private Clients business segment expects demand for housing-related financing to remain comparable to that of previous years. The main reasons are as follows: (1) low interest rates and rising incomes favour investment in residential property; (2) climate protection and energy transition are boosting demand in the Energy-efficient Construction and Refurbishment housing programmes; (3) demographic trends require increasing investment in needs-based housing development; and (4) the aï¬ordable housing crisis entails further funding potential.
In view of the sustained high demand for the educational funding anchored in the segment, Private Clients expects such promotion to continue at its existing level.
The main challenge in the prolonged low interest environment is in passing on the negative funding rates to the financing partners in the on-lending scheme to ensure that promotional loans remain attractive. The reorganisation of promotion for energy-efficient residential and non-residential buildings also requires further systematic development of the promotional
on the conservative assumption of a hard Brexit without a transition period.
In particular, the accreditation process for new EU entities of KfW business partners aï¬ected by Brexit has been largely completed. The same applies to the contractual negotiations on the structure of framework agreements for OTC derivatives and to the transfer of existing portfolios to these EU entities. As regards central clearing via a central counterparty in the UK, KfW has concluded that it would only be indirectly aï¬ected if there were any impact on business partners. Accordingly, even in the unlikely case of a hard Brexit, KfW does not expect any restrictions on its ability to act with respect to its derivatives business and its funding. KfW considers the potential impact on credit risk to be acceptable overall. In KfW’s opinion, the group’s necessary preparations have progressed so far that major restrictions on the business sectors are not to be expected.
oï¬ering. Moreover, digitalisation of promotional business increasingly requires a high level of standardisation and machine readability of promotional products and processes in order to enable the digital provision of promotional information/services on relevant platforms and portals. The Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) business sector plans a total commitment volume of EUR 35.5 billion for 2020.
In the Municipal and Social Infrastructure segment of the business sector Individualfinanzierung & Öï¬entliche Kunden (Customised Finance & Public Clients), the strained budget and debt situation of some municipalities, combined with limited capacities in the construction industry, continues to restrict their investment opportunities. Overall, demand for promotional funds is expected to remain stable, particularly in the context of the digitalisation needed in municipalities.
Individual financing with financing partners in Germany and Europe as well as global funding of promotional institutions of the German federal states will likely continue to be characterised by a sound refinancing situation at partner banks and the current low interest rates. There is lively demand for global loans to promote German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in their leasing investments, with only selective demand for global loan financing expected in other European countries. Moderate demand is currently projected for the refinancing of export loans, which will likely be influenced by major projects in the German export industry.
The persistent low-interest environment is clearly the greatest challenge in maintaining the attractiveness of products with regard to global loans for Europe and global funding of promotional institutions of the German federal states, as well as for customised corporate finance.
The business sector plans to continue its promotion in 2020 with a new business volume of EUR 10 billion. Growth impetus is expected to come from measures implemented under the future investment programme designed to counter the eï¬ects of an imminent economic slowdown.
47 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Forecast and opportunity report

The KfW Capital subsidiary expects a commitment volume of EUR 230 million in financial year 2020. The achievement of the projected volume could be hampered by an economic downturn and an accompanying decline in demand for venture capital.
Financial markets
The business sector Financial markets ended its capital market-based promotional activities for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises as of 31 December 2019.
The business sector is planning new business in the amount of EUR 0.4 billion in the green bond portfolio for financial year 2020. The green bond portfolio to fund suitable environmental and climate protection projects has a target volume of up to EUR 2 billion, of which 80% (EUR 1.6 billion) had already been invested by 30 December 2019.
International business
Despite the globally deteriorating economic outlook , there are still regions with growth potential in Europe, as well as among developing countries and emerging markets relevant for the Export and project finance business sector. The sector continues to face challenges such as economic sanctions in markets such as Russia. In addition to potential protectionist eï¬orts, geopolitical risks (conflicts between the US and Iran, the US and North Korea, the US and China, Russia and Ukraine, the UK and the EU, and the situation in Syria) can adversely aï¬ect world trade and thus financing opportunities. Overall, KfW sees sufficient potential for German and European exporters and enterprises that invest in their competitiveness, on the basis of which financing approaches for the Export and project finance business sector can be derived.
There is additional potential for new business, particularly in technological trends such as broadband and smart infrastructure. Further potential can be found in established sectors, finance arranging activities, earlier entry into complex projects and major underwritings and syndications.
The Export and project finance business sector expects a total commitment volume of EUR 19 billion for 2020.
The Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies business sector encompasses the business activities of KfW Development Bank and DEG.
The KfW Development Bank business area is expected to experience dynamic business growth to continue in the next few years. KfW Development Bank will continue to support projects of the German Federal Government and international institutions for development policy and international cooperation in 2020. The German Federal Government and the European Commission assume responsibility in the area of international environmental and climate protection and are involved in a large number of climate initiatives. Given the ongoing displacement and migration trends, refugee aid and reducing causes of displacement are also high on the political agenda of German and European development cooperation. The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium für wirtschaft-
liche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung—“BMZ”) also supports the G20 Compact with Africa initiative through reform partnerships with currently six selected countries.
Official Development Assistance (ODA) budget funds for development cooperation and international climate finance from both the Federal Government’s budget and the European Commission continue to increase. The BMZ focuses on alleviating poverty, securing food supply, education and good governance, in addition to climate and environmental protection, refugee aid and reducing the causes of displacement. The regional focus is primarily on Africa and the Middle East.
In connection with the refugee and crisis context, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on climate change, the European Commission has developed an “EU External Investment Plan”. At the same time, the European Commission and the member states are developing a range of promotional instruments for European development cooperation (the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument of the Multiannual Financial Framework/MFF 2021-2027). This initiative focuses, among other things, on increased mobilisation of private capital, greater visibility for European development cooperation and closer cooperation between European promotional institutions.
The quality requirements for development cooperation are also increasing, coupled with high demands for transparency and information from policymakers and the public regarding the results, eï¬ects and risks of development cooperation.
Against the backdrop of planned projects of the German Federal Government and international institutions, KfW Development Bank expects a new business volume of EUR 9.8 billion for 2020.
Stagnant economic growth in developing countries and emerging economies in which DEG pursues its commitment is likely to persist in 2020 for the time being. The reasons for this being the US-Chinese trade tensions and the weakness of industrialised nations, as well as other country-specific causes (e.g. Argentina’s recession).
In this challenging economic environment, new business is intended to generate an eï¬ective and profitable portfolio of around EUR 12 billion by 2024, by means including the following: a) an expanded range of services, including the creation of a broad local currency offering, increased offer of supplementary capital such as Tier II instruments, mezzanine financing and corporate bonds; b) expansion of business support services, particularly in the areas of environmental and social issues, climate and resource protection, good corporate governance and vocational and further training; and c) DEG private sector involvement in the focus region of Africa to support Federal Government initiatives as part of “Compact with Africa”.
DEG plans a new commitment volume of EUR 2 billion for financial year 2020.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Forecast and opportunity report | 48

Funding projections
KfW issues bonds with maturities of up to 30 years to fund its promotional activities worldwide and is assessed by rating agencies as having excellent credit quality (triple A rating) thanks to the explicit direct guarantee of the Federal Government. KfW has achieved a stable position in the capital markets with its diversified long term-oriented funding strategy. The product oï¬ering in the bond issuance business will continue to be focused on investors’ needs. KfW’s benchmark bonds in euros and US
Earnings projections
In the current group earnings projections for 2020, KfW expects Consolidated profit (before IFRS eï¬cts) of approximately EUR 0.8 billion based on anticipated macroeconomic conditions. The expected result remains below the strategic objective of EUR 1 billion. Net interest income (before promotional expense) is expected to be at the level of 2019. Total net interest income is likely to remain adversely aï¬ected in 2020 by the ongoing low-interest environment. KfW expects that the income generated by return on equity, in particular, will continue to decline. The aim is to largely oï¬set this decline with additional income from interest margins. Opportunities and risks for consolidated profit may arise primarily for the treasury result from deviating market conditions in conjunction with KfW’s positioning.
KfW plans to keep net commission income for the budget period at the level achieved in 2019.
Overall conclusion
In view of the above-mentioned macroeconomic conditions and the challenges presented by the persistent low-interest environment, KfW expects new business volume of EUR 77.0 billion at the
dollars will continue to account for the highest share of total volume. Further diversification takes place in various products depending on the market.
Long-term funding via the capital markets of approximately EUR 75 billion is projected for 2020, which is slightly below the previous year’s funding volume (EUR 81 billion).
Administrative expense projections for 2020 are based on the Delta cost-cutting project requirements. KfW expects group costs to grow to around EUR 1.4 billion in comparison to 2019. Strategic projects, such as KfW Development Bank’s growth case and the further development of KfW IPEX-Bank, are the main reason for the expected increase in costs. Although these put pressure on Administrative expense, they will generate higher income in the medium to long term, and are therefore not out of line with the Delta project. The expected cost-income ratio (CIR) before promotional expense is budgeted at 48% for 2020.
The macroeconomic scenario on which the projections are based envisages an increase in risk provisions, with the projected standard risk costs unlikely to be fully utilised.
KfW expects promotional expense of EUR 0.3 billion in 2020 (2019: EUR 0.2 billion), although implementation depends on 2020 market conditions.
level of 2019 and a related consolidated profit of EUR 0.8 billion for 2020.
| KfW Financial Report 2019 Group management report | Forecast and opportunity

Consolidated financial statements

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 53
Consolidated statement of financial position 55
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 56
Consolidated statement of cash flows 61
Accounting policies 64
(1) Basis of presentation 64
(2) Accounting standards that are new, amended or to be adopted for the first time 65
(3) Changes to significant accounting policies and estimates 67
(4) Judgements and accounting estimates 67
(5) Group of consolidated companies 68
(6) Basis of consolidation 68
(7) Financial instruments 68
(8) Derivatives and hedging relationships 77
(9) Foreign currency translation 79
(10) Revenue from contracts with customers 79
(11) Promotional lending business at KfW 80
(12) Loans and advances to banks and customers 80
(13) Risk provisions for lending business 81
(14) Securities and investments 81
(15) Repurchase agreements 81
(16) Property, plant and equipment 82
(17) Intangible assets 82
(18) Liabilities to banks and customers and Certificated liabilities 82
(19) Provisions 83
(20) Equity 84
(21) Trust activities 84
Notes to the statement of comprehensive income 85
(22) Net interest income 85
(23) Risk provisions for lending business 87
(24) Net commission income 87
(25) Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 89
(26) Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss 91
(27) Risk provisions in the securities business 93
(28) Net gains/losses from disposal of financial instruments measured at amortised cost 93
(29) Net gains/losses from investments accounted for using the equity method 93
(30) Administrative expense 94
(31) Net other operating income or loss 94
(32) Taxes on income 95
Segment reporting 96
(33) Segment reporting by business sector 96
(34) Segment reporting by region 100
51 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements

Notes to the statement of financial position 101
(35) Cash reserves 101
(36) Loans and advances to banks 101
(37) Loans and advances to customers 102
(38) Risk provisions for lending business 103
(39) Development of gross carrying amounts in lending business 105
(40) Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting 106
(41) Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 107
(42) Other derivatives 107
(43) Securities and investments 108
(44) Investments accounted for using the equity method 110
(45) Property, plant and equipment 110
(46) Intangible assets 111
(47) Income tax assets 112
(48) Other assets 113
(49) Liabilities to banks 114
(50) Liabilities to customers 114
(51) Certificated liabilities 114
(52) Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting 115
(53) Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 115
(54) Other derivatives 116
(55) Provisions 116
(56) Income tax liabilities 121
(57) Other liabilities 122
(58) Equity 123
Notes to financial instruments 124
(59) Gains and losses from financial instruments by measurement category 124
(60) Statement of financial position for financial instruments by measurement category 126
(61) Fair values of financial instruments 130
(62) Disclosures on methods used to measure financial instruments at fair value 131
(63) Disclosures on micro fair value hedge accounting 149
(64) Disclosures on macro fair value hedge accounting 153
(65) Additional disclosures on derivatives 156
(66) Additional disclosures on Liabilities to banks 158
(67) Additional disclosures on Liabilities to customers 158
(68) Additional disclosures on Certificated liabilities 159
(69) Contractual payment obligations arising from financial instruments 159
(70) Disclosures on repurchase agreements 160
(71) Disclosure on setting financial instruments 162
Other notes 166
(72) balance sheet transactions 166
(73) Trust activities and administered loans 166
(74) Leasing transactions as lessee 167
(75) Average number of employees during the financial year 168
(76) Remuneration report 168
(77) Related party disclosures 176
(78) Auditor’s fees 178
(79) Disclosures on unconsolidated structured entities 178
(80) Disclosures on shareholdings 180
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | 52

Consolidated statement of
comprehensive income
Income statement    
Notes 2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Interest income from the ective interest method 2,767 2,836
Other interest income 1,151 851
Interest income, total (22) 3,918 3,687
Interest expense (22) 1,571 1,459
Net interest income 2,347 2,228
Risk provisions for lending business1) (7), (13), (23) –174 –3
Net interest income after risk provisions 2,173 2,225
Commission income (10), (24) 524 387
Commission expense (24) 25 25
Net commission income 499 362
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting (8), (25), (63), (64) –1 480
Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value    
through profit or loss (26) –9 –54
Net gains/losses from risk provisions in the securities business (7), (27) 1 0
Net gains/losses from disposal of financial instruments    
measured at amortised cost (28) –6 2
Net gains/losses from investments accounted for using the equity method (6), (29) 15 22
Administrative expense (30) 1,328 1,418
Net other operating income or loss (31) 46 5
Profit/loss from operating activities 1,391 1,623
Taxes on income (32) 23 –13
Consolidated profit 1,367 1,636
1) Net gains/losses from non-substantial contractual modifications are reported under Risk provisions for lending business.
53 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Consolidated profit
1,367
1,636
Changes recognised directly in equity
–320
155
Change in own credit risk of liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
–14
157
Defined benefit pension obligations
–323
0
Deferred taxes on defined benefit pension obligations
17
–1
Consolidated comprehensive income
1,047
1,791
Other comprehensive income comprises amounts recognised directly in equity under
Revaluation reserves. These amounts include income and expense from the change in
own credit risk of liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, changes in
actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit pension obligations, and changes in
deferred taxes reported depending on the underlying transaction.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of comprehensive income | 54

Consolidated statement of
financial position    
Assets    
Notes 31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Cash reserves (35) 28,195 17,465
Loans and advances to banks (7), (11), (12), (36), (39), (64) 281,912 280,413
Loans and advances to customers (7), (11), (12), (37), (39), (64) 129,416 126,878
Risk provisions for lending business (7), (13), (38) –1,670 –1,545
Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting (8), (40), (64) 10,887 9,071
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting (8), (41), (63), (64), (65) 10,859 9,512
Other derivatives (7), (8), (42), (65) 5,383 5,274
Securities and investments (7), (14), (15), (43), (63) 37,795 35,729
Investments accounted for using the equity method (6), (44) 609 514
Property, plant and equipment (16), (45) 1,021 958
Intangible assets (17), (46) 188 225
Income tax assets (47) 703 579
Other assets (10), (48) 723 716
Total 506,022 485,790
Liabilities and equity    
Notes 31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Liabilities to banks (7), (18), (49), (63), (64), (66) 14,899 8,220
Liabilities to customers (7), (18), (50), (63), (64), (67) 10,131 12,303
Certificated liabilities (7), (18), (51), (63), (68) 436,191 418,581
Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting (8), (52), (64) 77 98
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting (8), (53), (63), (64), (65) 6,674 9,891
Other derivatives (7), (8), (54), (65) 2,453 2,529
Provisions (13), (19), (55) 3,335 3,028
Income tax liabilities (56) 358 284
Other liabilities (10), (57) 542 540
Equity (20), (58) 31,362 30,315
Paid-in subscribed capital 3,300 3,300
Capital reserve 8,447 8,447
Reserve from the ERP Special Fund 1,191 1,191
Retained earnings 18,742 17,371
Fund for general banking risks 600 600
Revaluation reserves (7), (20) –918 –594
Total 506,022 485,790
55 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of financial position

Consolidated statement
of changes in equity    
Consolidated statement of changes in equity in financial year 2019
As of Changes in Appropriation Reclassification As of
1 Jan. 2019 consolidated of consolidated of revaluation 31 Dec. 2019
group comprehensive reserves to
income 2019 retained earnings
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Subscribed capital 3,750 0 0 0 3,750
less uncalled outstanding    
contributions –450 0 0 0 –450
Capital reserve 8,447 0 0 0 8,447
Reserve from the ERP Special    
Fund 1,191 0 0 0 1,191
Retained earnings 17,371 0 1,367 4 18,742
Statutory reserve under    
Article 10 (2) KfW Law 1,875 0 0 0 1,875
Special reserve under    
Article 10 (3) KfW Law 10,092 0 1,280 0 11,372
Special reserve less    
the special loss account    
from provisioning pursuant    
to Section 17 (4) of the    
D-Mark Balance Sheet Law 21 0 0 0 21
Other retained earnings 5,383 0 87 4 5,474
Fund for general banking risks 600 0 0 0 600
Revaluation reserves –594 0 –320 –4 –918
Valuation results from    
financial instruments    
(after tax) 0 0 0 0 0
Valuation result from the    
change in own credit risk of    
liabilities designated at fair    
value through profit or loss –21 0 –14 –4 –40
Actuarial gains and losses    
from defined-benefit pen-    
sion obligations (after tax) –573 0 –306 0 –879
Equity 30,315 0 1,047 0 31,362
KfW’s net income amounting to EUR 1,280 million was used to increase the special
reserve under Article 10 (3) of the KfW Law.
The dierence to the consolidated comprehensive income is allocated to Other
retained earnings or – if recognised directly in equity – to Revaluation reserves.
The column Reclassification of revaluation reserves to retained earnings includes a
reclassification in the amount of EUR 4 million from revaluation reserves to retained
earnings recorded directly in equity due to a disposal within the liabilities measured
at fair value.    
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of changes in equity | 56

The following tables as well as Notes 20 and 58 provide details on the Consolidated
statement of changes in equity.    
Development of revaluation reserves in financial year 2019    
Liabilities to Liabilities to Own bonds Actuarial Eects of Total
banks FVD customers and gains and deferred
(share of own FVD promissory losses from taxes
credit risk) (share of own note loans defined benefit
credit risk) in the FVD pension obli-
category gations
(share of own    
credit risk)    
EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR
in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 –5 –29 12 –603 30 –594
Changes recognised                
directly in equity                
Decrease due to disposals                
and reclassification to                
Retained earnings 0 0 –4 0 0 –4
Increase due to disposals                
and reclassification to                
Retained earnings 0 0 0 0 0 0
Change in own credit rating                
for liabilities designated at fair                
value through profit or loss 3 13 –30 0 0 –15
Changes in revaluation                
reserves due to changes in                
actuarial valuation parameters 0 0 0 –323 17 –306
Total changes recognised                
directly in equity 3 13 –34 –323 17 –324
As of 31 Dec. 2019 –2 –16 –22 –926 47 –918
57 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Consolidated statement of changes in equity in financial year 2018    
As of IFRS 9 As of Changes in Appropriation As of
31 Dec. 2017 transition 1 Jan. 2018 consolidated of 31 Dec. 2018
group consolidated
comprehensive
income 2018
EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR
in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions
Subscribed capital 3,750 0 3,750 0 0 3,750
less uncalled outstanding                
contributions –450 0 –450 0 0 –450
Capital reserve 8,447 0 8,447 0 0 8,447
Reserve from the                
ERP Special Fund 1,191 0 1,191 0 0 1,191
Retained earnings 15,500 236 15,735 0 1,636 17,371
Statutory reserve under                
Article 10 (2) KfW Law 1,875 0 1,875 0 0 1,875
Special reserve under                
Article 10 (3) KfW Law 9,207 0 9,207 0 884 10,092
Special reserve less the                
special loss account from                
provisioning pursuant to                
Section 17 (4) of the                
D-Mark Balance Sheet Law 21 0 21 0 0 21
Other Retained earnings 4,396 236 4,632 0 751 5,383
Fund for general banking risks 600 0 600 0 0 600
Revaluation reserves –295 –454 –749 0 155 –594
Valuation results from                
financial instruments                
(after tax) 277 –277 0 0 0 0
Valuation result from the                
change in own credit risk of                
liabilities designated at fair                
value through profit or loss 0 –178 –178 0 157 –21
Actuarial gains and losses                
from defined-benefit pen-                
sion obligations (after tax) –572 0 –572 0 –1 –573
Equity 28,742 –218 28,524 0 1,791 30,315
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of changes in equity | 58

Development of revaluation reserves in financial year 2018    
Securities Liabilities to Liabilities to Own bonds Actuarial Eleects of Total
and banks FVD customers and gains and deferred
investments (share of FVD (share promissory losses from taxes
own credit of own note loans defined ben-
risk) credit risk) in the FVD efit pension
category obligations
(share    
of own    
credit risk)    
EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR
in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions
As of 31 Jan. 2017 277 0 0 0 –603 32 –295
IFRS 9 transition ects –277 –7 –42 –128 0 0 –454
As of 1 Jan. 2018 0 –7 –42 –128 –603 32 –749
Changes recognised                
directly in equity                
Change in own credit                
risk for liabilities                
designated at fair value                
through profit or loss n/a 2 14 140 0 0 157
Changes in revaluation                
reserves due to changes                
in actuarial valuation                
parameters n/a 0 0 0 0 –1 –1
Total changes recognised                
directly in equity n/a 2 14 140 0 –1 155
As of 31 Dec. 2018 n/a –5 –29 12 –603 30 –594
59 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Change in the revaluation reserves from actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit pension obligations including
the related deferred taxes in financial year 2019    
Actuarial gains and Eects of Total
losses for defined deferred taxes
benefit pension
obligations
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 –603 30 –573
Changes recognised directly in equity –323 17 –306
Changes in revaluation reserves due to changes in actuarial valuation    
parameters –323 17 –306
As of 31 Dec. 2019 –926 47 –879
Change in the revaluation reserves from actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit pension obligations including
the related deferred taxes in financial year 2018    
Actuarial gains and Eects of Total
losses for defined deferred taxes
benefit pension
obligations
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 –603 32 –572
Changes recognised directly in equity 0 –1 –1
Changes in revaluation reserves due to changes    
in actuarial valuation parameters 0 –1 –1
As of 31 Dec. 2018 –603 30 –573
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of changes in equity | 60

Consolidated statement
of cash flows
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Consolidated profit 1,367 1,636
Non-cash items included in consolidated profit
and reconciliation to cash flow from operating activities:
Depreciation, amortisation, impairment and reversal of impairment losses
(receivables, property, plant and equipment, securities and investments) 402 –190
and changes in risk provisions for lending business
Changes in other provisions 119 200
Other non-cash expenses and income –9 112
Profit/loss from the disposal of securities and investments and property, plant and equipment 0 0
Other adjustments –2,314 –2,176
Subtotal –435 –418
Changes in assets and liabilities from operating activities
after adjustment for non-cash items:
Loans and advances to banks –1,506 –5,924
Loans and advances to customers –2,677 912
Securities –1,996 –2,098
Other assets relating to operating activities –3,378 –134
Liabilities to banks 6,682 2,247
Liabilities to customers –2,160 2,405
Certificated liabilities 17,580 12,292
Other liabilities relating to operating activities –3,371 –5,066
Interest and dividends received 3,918 3,687
Interest paid –1,571 –1,459
Income tax paid –33 –81
Cash flow from operating activities 11,054 6,363
Property, plant and equipment/Intangible assets:
Cash proceeds from disposals 5 1
Cash payments for acquisitions –163 –104
Securities and investments (equity investments):
Cash proceeds from disposals/Cash payments for acquisitions –165 118
Cash flow from investing activities –324 15
Cash proceeds from/Cash payments for capital increases/decreases 0 0
Changes from other financing activities 0 0
Cash flow from financing activities 0 0
Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of the previous period 17,465 11,087
Cash flow from operating activities 11,054 6,363
Cash flow from investing activities –324 15
Cash flow from financing activities 0 0
Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of the period 28,195 17,465
61 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of cash flows

The balance of Cash and cash equivalents reported in the statement of cash flows in accordance with IAS 7 is identical to the statement of financial position item Cash reserves and thus comprises cash on hand and balances with central banks.
The Statement of cash flows shows the changes in Cash and cash equivalents in the financial year classified as the Cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. Other adjustments largely comprise the adjustments for net interest income in the amount of EUR –2,347 million (2018: EUR –2,228 million). The cash payments for the repayment portion of lease liabilities included in Cash flow from operating activities amounted to EUR 11 million in financial year 2019. The cash payments for the interest portion of lease liabilities are reported under Interest paid.
For more information on KfW Group’s liquidity risk management, see “Risk report – Liquidity risk”.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Consolidated statement of cash flows | 62

Notes

Accounting policies
(1) Basis of presentation
KfW is the promotional bank of the Federal Republic of Germany and was founded in 1948 as a public law institution based in Frankfurt am Main.
The Executive Board of KfW is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the group management report. After the recommendation of the Audit Committee, the consolidated financial statements and the group management report are submitted to KfW’s Board of Supervisory Directors for approval. As of 3 March 20201, no significant events have occurred since the reporting date (31 Dec. 2019).
As of the reporting date, KfW Group comprises KfW and five subsidiaries that are fully consolidated. One joint venture and four associated companies are accounted for using the equity method.
Pursuant to Section 315e (1) of the German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch – “HGB”), the consolidated financial statements as of 31 December 2019 have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as adopted by the European Union (EU), and with the interpretations set out by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRS IC), as mandatory consolidated accounts in accordance with Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No. 1606/2002 (IAS Regulation) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002, as well as further regulations on the adoption of certain international accounting standards. The standards and interpretations that apply are those that have been published and endorsed by the European Union as of the reporting date.
The supplementary provisions of the German Commercial Code that also apply to IFRS consolidated financial statements have been taken into account. The group management report prepared in accordance with Section 315 of the German Commercial Code includes the risk report with risk-oriented information on financial instruments as set out in IFRS 7, as well as information on capital and capital management as set out in IAS 1.134.
The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting policies that are consistent across KfW Group and are prepared on a going concern basis. The companies included in the consolidated financial statements have prepared their annual financial statements as of 31 December 2019, except for some associated companies accounted for using the equity method, where financial statements as of
30 September 2019 were used. Material events for the latter companies as of the reporting date were also taken into account.
The accounting policies in the consolidated financial statements were applied consistently.
The reporting currency is the euro. Unless otherwise specified, all amounts are stated in millions of euros (EUR in millions).
1 Date of Executive Board approval of publication
64 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

(2) Accounting standards that are new, amended or to be adopted for the first time
A. Impact of new or amended IFRS/IFRIC interpretations adopted for the first time in financial year 2019
In January 2016, the IASB published the new IFRS 16 “Leases” standard, replacing IAS 17 “Leases”, IFRIC 4 “Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease”, SIC 15 “Operating Leases – Incentives” and SIC 27 “Evaluating the Substance of Transactions in the Legal Form of a Lease”. KfW Group has applied the standard since 1 January 2019. All leases that were recognised as operating leases in accordance with IAS 17 until
31 December 2018 are thus recognised for the first time this reporting year in accordance with the provisions of IFRS 16. As the transition was made using the modified retrospective approach, the prior-year comparative figures were not restated.
As a result of the introduction of IFRS 16, KfW as lessee must report each right of use in Property, plant and equipment and the associated lease obligation in Other liabilities. The lessee shall measure the lease liabilities at the present value of the lease payments not paid at that date, discounted at the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. Accordingly, KfW determines the incremental borrowing rate of the basis of the refi-nancing rate it uses for its own issues.
The capitalised rights of use correspond to the amount of lease liabilities at the time of initial application. Depreciation, amortisation and impairments of rights of use are subsequently reported in Administrative expense. Interest expenses from discounting the rights of use and the interest compounded on lease liabilities are included in Other interest expense.
The initial application of IFRS 16 did not result in any eects to be recorded in equity for KfW Group. The only minimal on net assets, financial position and results of operations arise exclusively from the “leasing buildings” class.
The following table shows the reconciliation of the minimum lease payments from operating leases in accordance with IAS 17 disclosed as of 31 December 2018 to the lease liabilities in accordance with IFRS 16 recognised as of 1 January 2019:
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies | 65

Reconciliation of recognised lease liabilities
EUR in millions
Minimum lease payments from operating leases as of 31 Dec. 2018 80
Utilisation of application options and other adjustments within the scope of initial application of IFRS 16 3
of discounting using the incremental borrowing rate –1
Lease liabilities as of 1 Jan. 2019 82
The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to determine lease liabilities
as of 1 January 2019 is 0.38% p.a.
The lease liabilities of EUR 69 million recognised as of 31 December 2019 in accord-
ance with the new accounting standards are by capitalised rights of use in the
amount of EUR 68 million as of the reporting date.
The amendments to IFRIC 23 “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments” (June 2017)
regarding IAS 12 “Income Taxes”, applied for the first time, did not have any effect on
the group’s net assets, financial position and results of operations.
The amendments to IAS 28 “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures” (October
2017, “Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures”), applied for the first
time, did not have any impact on the group’s net assets, financial position and results
of operations.
The amendments to various standards to be applied for the first time due to the
annual improvements to IFRS 2015 – 2017 cycle (Dec. 2017) did not have any
impact on the group’s net assets, financial position and results of operations.
The amendments to IAS 19 “Employee Benefits” (February 2018, “Plan Amendment,
Curtailment or Settlement”), applied for the first time, did not have any impact on the
group’s net assets, financial position and results of operations.
B. Impact of new or amended IFRS/IFRIC interpretations to be adopted
in the future that were endorsed by the EU into European law before the
reporting date
The IASB issued “Definition of Material (Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8)” in October
2018. The amendments are aimed at standardising the definition of ‘material’. IAS 1
“Presentation of Financial Statements” now contains a standard definition of ‘material’
as well as the corresponding text numbers; the definition in IAS 8 “Accounting Policies,
Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” will be replaced by a reference to IAS 1
in future. The amendments are to be applied for financial years beginning on or after
1 January 2020. The amendments do not have any impact on KfW Group’s net assets,
financial position and results of operations.
The IASB also issued “Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in
IFRS Standards” in March 2018, along with the revised framework. These amendments
are to be applied for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2020. The amend-
ments do not, however, have any impact on KfW Group’s net assets, financial position
and results of operations.
C. New or amended IFRS/IFRIC interpretations to be applied in the future that
were published by the EU before the reporting date but have not yet been
endorsed into European law:
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” was issued in May 2017. This standard is intended to
replace IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts” in the future. IFRS 17 sets out principles for the
recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts within
66 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

the scope of the standard. IFRS 17 is expected to be applied for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2021.
The IASB published “Definition of a Business (Amendments to IFRS 3)” in October 2018. The amendments are aimed at resolving the for an entity in determining whether it has acquired a business or a group of assets. The amendments are relevant for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after 1 January 2020. Implementation into European law is expected in 2020.
As a result of the change in reference rates in the course of the Benchmark Rate Reform, the IASB is currently working on amending standards in order to limit unintended on banks’ financial statements. Phase one of these amendments was adopted by the IASB in September 2019; early application in 2019 was possible. Adoption of Phase 2 is expected in 2020.
KfW is making extensive preparations for the amendments under the Benchmark Rate Reform. Related project activities were set up that cover the following subject areas:
- Product design for new business
- Handling existing business if reference rates cease to be available
- Impact on measurement of financial instruments
- Effects in the context of hedge accounting
KfW is refraining from early application of the amendments to the standards in the 2019 consolidated financial statements.
(3) Changes to significant accounting policies and estimates
Except for the changes mentioned in the section above that are due to the first-time application of new or amended IRFS/IFRIC no changes to significant accounting policies and estimates have been made in the reporting period.
(4) Judgements and accounting estimates
The consolidated financial statements include amounts based on management’s judgements and/or estimates and assumptions which are determined to the best of our ability and in accordance with the applicable accounting standard. Actual results realised in a future period may differ from these estimates. Material judgements, estimates and assumptions are required, in particular, for calculating risk provisions (including risk provisions for lending business), recognising and measuring provisions (primarily for pension liabilities and legal risks), measuring the fair value of financial instruments based on valuation models (including determining the existence of an active market), determining remaining terms of leases, assessing and measuring impairment of assets, and assessing the utilisation of deferred tax assets. The estimates and the assumptions underlying these estimates are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are based, among other things, on historical experience or expected future events that appear likely given the particular circumstances. Where judgements as well as estimates and their underlying assumptions were required, the assumptions made are explained in the relevant notes.
KfW does not expect any deviations from its assumptions and does not foresee any uncertainties in its estimates that could result in a material adjustment to the related assets and liabilities within the next financial year. Given the strong dependency on the development of the economy and financial markets, however, such deviations and uncertainties cannot be fully ruled out. These risks are nevertheless low because valuation models – especially those involving the use of inputs not based on observable market data – are employed to measure only small parts of receivables, securities, investments and borrowings measured at fair value, on the one hand, and only a small portion of financial derivatives used to economically hedge risk, on the other hand.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies | 67

(5) Group of consolidated companies
All significant subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated companies are included in the consolidated financial statements.
Subsidiaries are all business units (including structured entities) over which the group exercises control. Control exists when a group is exposed or entitled to variable cash flows through its relationship and has the opportunity to use its power of disposal to influence the amount of such cash flows. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements (full consolidation) from the point at which control is transferred to the group. They are deconsolidated when control is lost.
Joint ventures and associated companies are included in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS 11/IAS 28 if a joint agreement is in place or the group has significant influence. Significant influence exists when KfW can participate in financial and business policy decisions regarding the associated company even if it does not have sole or joint control.
The composition of the consolidated group is presented in the Notes under “List of KfW Group shareholdings”.
(6) Basis of consolidation
Consolidation involves revaluing the total assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries at the acquisition date, irrespective of the equity interest held, and incorporating them into the consolidated statement of financial position. The resulting adjustments from hidden reserves and hidden burdens are treated in accordance with the applicable standards. If the revaluation adjustments result in an excess compared to acquisition cost, this excess amount is capitalised as goodwill. No goodwill is currently recognised.
Any intercompany assets and liabilities as well as expenses and revenues from transactions between consolidated group companies are eliminated. Intercompany profits between fully consolidated companies are also eliminated.
Investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. The group’s share of the profits or losses of associates as well as joint ventures is recognised as a separate line item in the income statement.
There are no minority interests within KfW Group.
(7) Financial instruments
A. Classification and measurement
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. The rules under IFRS 9 serve as the basis for recognition and measurement of financial instruments.
Initial recognition is as of the settlement date for non-derivative financial instruments and as of the trade date for derivatives. On this date, financial instruments (financial assets, financial liabilities and derivatives) are to be assigned to a category that determines their subsequent measurement.
Classification of financial assets at initial recognition thus determines their subsequent measurement. Classification and subsequent measurement of debt instruments is based on the business model and characteristics of the contractual cash flows (solely payments of principal and interest, or SPPI criterion). Equity instruments, on the other hand, must always be measured at fair value.
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IFRS 9 distinguishes between four categories of measurement:
1. At amortised cost
2. At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), with the two sub-categories: mandatory and designated
3. At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) with no recycling into profit or loss (not used at KfW)
4. At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) with recycling into profit or loss (not used at KfW)
Instruments are assigned to business models on a portfolio basis. IFRS 9 provides for three business models to manage financial assets:
1. Hold to collect – financial assets are held with the objective of collecting contractual cash flows.
2. Hold to collect and sell – financial assets are held with the objective of both collecting the contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets (not used at KfW).
3. Hold to sell – financial assets held with the objective of selling, or which do not fulfil the “hold to collect” or “hold to collect and sell” criteria.
The cash flow criterion is assessed for each individual financial asset as the second step. The cash flows of financial instruments are then to be assessed as to whether they are consistent with a basic lending arrangement and thus solely constitute payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the outstanding loan balance. If payments contain payments beyond solely payments of principal and interest, they must be measured at fair value. IFRS 9 defines interest as compensation for the time value of money and credit risk assumed, although it can also include a premium for liquidity risk. As is customary for the sector, compensation (e.g. for equity or administrative costs), and a profit margin may also be included. KfW employs group-wide rules and a standardised classification of contractual ancillary agreements in assessing the SPPI criterion.
A financial asset must have been allocated to a portfolio with the “hold to collect” business model and meet the cash flow criterion for measurement at amortised cost. The KfW business model is focused on a long-term sustainability approach. As KfW does not enter into any transactions with the intention of generating a short-term profit, the Executive Board has decided on the “hold to collect” business model for all credit portfolios (except for the two cases mentioned below). Moreover, the group’s lending business is largely consistent with the definition of a basic lending arrangement, and thus meets the SPPI criterion. The two exceptions to the “hold to collect” business model in the lending business are as follows:
- Holding arrangements for the Federal Republic of Germany: Holdings KfW maintains by mandate for the Federal Republic of Germany are not subject to KfW management. Sales are to be executed upon the Federal Government’s instruction. As KfW cannot assume that these positions will remain in the portfolio for the long term, it cannot assume a “hold to collect” intention.
- KfW IPEX-Bank’s syndication business: This business focuses on short-term sale and not on the objective of holding and selling the assets in equal measure.
Both cases of exception are assigned to the “hold to sell” business model. The holdings are measured at FVTPL.
Securities portfolios are also assigned to the “hold to collect” business model. This applies to KfW’s liquidity portfolio as well. As KfW places minimum requirements on the ECB-eligibility of securities with regard to its liquidity portfolio, liquidity is secured by means of repo transactions. This therefore means that sales from the liquidity portfolio are unnecessary. The ancillary agreements are recorded and evaluated in the
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies | 69

system to check the SPPI criterion. Securitisations are checked on a case-by-case basis to address the special rules for “contractually linked instruments”. Consequently, KfW securities portfolios are largely measured at amortised cost using the interest method, as is its lending business.
KfW’s investments from equity finance are accounted for at fair value through profit or loss, as these are either equity instruments or debt instruments with no fixed interest or principal payments. KfW does not exercise the option of FVTOCI for equity instruments.
Consequently, KfW only applies the first two categories for financial assets: amortised cost and fair value through profit and loss.
IFRS 9 only provides for two categories for financial liabilities: amortised cost and fair value through profit and loss. Financial liabilities are accounted for at fair value through profit or loss if they are classified as held for trading or assigned to this measurement category at initial recognition through application of the fair value option; otherwise they are accounted for at amortised cost. The classification must be irrevocably determined at initial recognition. Reclassification is not permitted.
All non-derivative financial liabilities are held for non-trading purposes at KfW. All non-derivative financial liabilities for which the fair value option has not been exercised are classified as liabilities at amortised cost. These are thus measured at amortised cost using the interest method. For the group, this category covers funding reported in Liabilities to banks and customers and Certificated liabilities. The fair value option is exercised for some structured liabilities such as promissory note loans (Schuldscheindarlehen) and certificated liabilities. This concerns liabilities with bifurcated structures as well as liabilities with non-bifurcated structures for which there is an accounting mismatch unless they meet the requirements for application of hedge accounting. In exercising the fair value option, valuation resulting from changes in own credit risk are recognised directly in equity in the revaluation reserve.
Derivatives are concluded at KfW solely for hedging purposes and measured at fair value through profit or loss.
Derivatives are recognised as of the trade date, and all other financial assets as of the settlement date. They are derecognised when the contractual rights from the assets have expired, the power of disposal or control has been transferred, or a substantial portion of the risks and rewards has been transferred to a third party unrelated to KfW Group. Financial liabilities are derecognised if the obligations specified in the contract have been discharged or cancelled, or have expired.
For transactions mandated by the German Federal Government in accordance with Article 2 (4) of the KfW Law, the group’s general recognition procedures for the relevant financial instruments are applied. Measurement is based on the relevant individual contractual terms and conditions concerning risk allocation.
Financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value.
Financial instruments subsequently measured at amortised cost are measured based on the fair value at initial recognition, taking into account any principal repayments, impairments, and where applicable, contractual amendments. The amortisation of premiums and discounts, transaction costs and fees is performed in accordance with the interest method on the basis of the contractual cash flows. Discounts are amortised in the promotional lending business until the end of the first fixed interest rate period (generally five to ten years).
Subsequent measurement at fair value for recognition in the financial statements or for the disclosure of financial instruments in the Notes is presented in section D. Fair value.
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Classes for financial instruments have been largely defined in agreement with the group’s business model, which is focused on the lending business, carried at amortised cost. Such classes are based on products (e.g., loans and advances to banks are broken down separately into money-market transactions and loans and advances) or on the line items of the statement of financial position. The balance sheet items thus generally reflect a view based on the material risks encompassed by each against the backdrop of interest rate and currency risk management at the overall bank level (interaction between non-derivative financial instruments and derivative hedging transactions). Information about the type and extent of risks associated with financial instruments is also provided in the risk report section of the group management report.
B. Impairments
At KfW Group, provisions for loan losses are accounted for in accordance with IFRS 9 requirements and applied to the following financial instruments:
- Loans and receivables as well as third-party securities measured at amortised cost
- Loan commitments not measured at fair value through profit or loss
- Financial guarantees not measured at fair value through profit or loss
Impairments are calculated based on a three-stage model. All assets are assigned to stage 1 at initial recognition and an impairment is calculated that is equivalent to the 12-month expected credit loss (ECL).
Subsequently, expected credit losses are calculated based on changes in a financial instrument’s credit risk since initial recognition. If there has been a significant deterioration of the credit risk (stage 2) or objective evidence of impairment is identified (stage 3), expected credit losses are to be calculated over the remaining lifetime (lifetime ECLs). If, in contrast, there has been no significant increase in credit risk, the financial instrument is still assigned to stage 1 and only the ECLs for the term of the instrument resulting within the next 12 months from potential loss events are taken into account.
A lifetime ECL is recognised for financial instruments in stage 2 as risk provisioning. This is based on risk parameters oriented to regulatory and internal credit risk models for parameterisation of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD). Interest income for financial instruments in stage 2 continues to be recorded using the effective interest method based on the gross carrying amount.
A lifetime ECL is also recognised for financial instruments in stage 3 as risk provisioning. Assignment to stage 3 and thus classification as impaired is undertaken in line with the group-wide default definition, which reflects the definition of “default of an obligor” in accordance with Article 178 of the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). The definition distinguishes between the 90 days past due and unlikely to pay criteria. A distinction is made in calculating impairment in stage 3 between significant (non-retail) and non-significant (retail) financial instruments. Impairment for retail business in stage 3 is calculated based on risk parameters and applying a PD of 1. Individual impairment is recognised for incurred losses and is computed on the basis of individual loans for significant portfolios in the lending business. The amount of the impairment loss equals the difference between the carrying amount of the loan and the present value of discounted expected future cash flows from interest, redemption payments and collateral cash flows. Any reversals of individual impairment losses are accounted for through profit or loss. Interest income for these financial instruments is recognised based on the net carrying amount.
In contrast to the lending business, expected losses for defaulted securities are not calculated based on cash flow but instead on market values in stage 3. This is due to the assumption that the market value in the case of impairment is primarily influenced by credit rating factors.
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Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets (“POCI”) are not significant due to KfW’s business model. The bank has therefore decided not to separately disclose these special requirements. If there are individual cases that meet the POCI definition, they will be assigned to stage 3 based on the default rating at the time of purchase.
KfW takes a nuanced approach to assignment to stages that takes both rating and qualitative information into account.
The bank uses the rating at initial recognition, taking account of the migration expected until the time of measurement (initial forward rating) to assess whether a transaction can migrate from stage 1 to stage 2. This rating, which is relevant for pricing, is compared with the rating at the time of measurement. This ensures that only transactions for which there is a significant deviation from the originally expected migration are transferred to stage 2. Concessions (contractual modifications) made to the obligor for economic or legal reasons (forbearance), are also considered as a factor in transfer to a subsequent stage.
As there is no individual rating specific to an obligor in the retail business, transfers from stage 1 to stage 2 are based on other credit deterioration indicators, such as negative factors or 30-days-past-due status.
KfW does not exercise the option of waiving assessment on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk, if the instrument is determined to have ‘low credit risk’ at the reporting date (low credit risk exemption).
The IFRS 9 impairment model takes a symmetrical approach to migration, meaning that forward migration to stages 2 or 3 as well as reversion back from stages 2 and 3 are possible. Periods of good conduct are taken into account in backward migration. The periods of good conduct are generally based on regulatory requirements (e.g., definition of default). Additional periods of good conduct were also defined for the retail business, based on previous past-due status (> 30 days) or default. These range from 90 days to two years, depending on the specifics of the case.
Expected credit losses for stage 1 and stage 2 and the retail business in stage 3 are calculated based on individual transactions using statistical risk parameters. The regulatory and internal credit risk models for parametrisation of PD, EAD and LGD that KfW uses in risk management serve as the basis for this calculation. These parameters are adequately adjusted to determine expected credit losses in accordance with IFRS 9. This enables uniform credit risk modelling in line with supervisory law, risk management and IFRS requirements even though they may individually differ somewhat in scope.
Calculation of one-year PD is based on the internal rating system, in which every exposure is assigned a PD score that corresponds to a rating scale of 18 levels for non-defaulted transactions (“PL”) and two levels for defaulted transactions (“NPL”). The lifetime PDs are derived from the one-year PD via migration matrices. For IFRS-9-compliant PD modelling, the internal credit risk parameters are adjusted by placing a greater weight on macroeconomic factors from a point-in-time (“PIT”) perspective. The adjustment is made through segment and rating-specific modelling of PD premiums and discounts on regulatory PD (through-the-cycle PD). This is based on expert estimates of the economic situation of sectors and countries, with assessment of expected effects, taking into account forward-looking information. This approach differs for the retail business, for which premiums and discounts are calculated applying an expert model based on econometric factors.
LGD is the loss ratio that results in the event of default after taking collateral into account. In accordance with IFRS 9 impairment requirements, a multi-year view without taking internal costs into account and without any downturn components is generally
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required. The regulatory LGD parameters are adjusted accordingly in order that internal costs and downturn components for IFRS 9 are not included in the calculation of expected credit losses.
The EAD per time bucket corresponds to the loan drawdown expected at the time of default, taking into account additional drawings on open lines of credit. For the off-balance sheet portion, the expected drawdown is calculated based on credit conversion factors (CCFs).
An asset is written off in the event that it, or a portion thereof, is estimated as irrecoverable (write-off). In the non-retail business, this is not performed until there is no longer a prospect of recovery, as, for instance, all collateral has been realised or, in the event of insolvency, creditor quotas have been distributed or insolvency proceedings have been discontinued for lack of assets. Write-offs in the retail business are performed pursuant to defined criteria such as insolvency or a fixed default period, which are both related to termination of the loan. Recovery is pursued as long as it is economically viable.
In the case of a write-off, the gross carrying amount is reduced by the amount of the write-off. Current provisions for loan losses are utilised first, and any remaining amount is written off directly.
Levels were assigned retrospectively for the total amount at initial recognition. The option of determining the lifetime expected credit losses of all existing financial instruments unless they are low credit risk at initial recognition and at each subsequent reporting date, was therefore not utilised.
C. Contractual modifications
IFRS 9 defines contractual modifications as an amendment of contractual cash flows. These can be indexed to the market rate or credit rating. In contrast, an adjustment of contractual payments agreed at the time the contract was concluded and thus intrinsic to the contract is not deemed a contractual modification.
In the case of a modification of contractual payments of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, an assessment is first made as to whether the asset is subject to partial or full derecognition. Partial derecognition is defined as owing to an event that affects the nominal value of the financial asset, such as (partial) waivers and unscheduled (partial) principal repayments, in particular. Where a financial asset is derecognised, the new financial asset recognised is treated as new business. The following rules are applied to all other contractual modifications.
Substantial contractual modifications result in derecognition of financial assets even if the same or the modified contract legally remains valid. The modified financial instrument is treated in accordance with IFRS 9 as a new contract and reclassified on the basis of general IFRS 9 classification criteria. Derecognition resulting from substantial modification is not relevant for the “hold to collect” business model. In the case of substantial modification of credit-impaired financial assets (non-performing loans—“NPLs”), the impairment loss is adjusted at derecognition. The amount of adjustment is the difference between the previous net carrying amount of the derecognised asset and the fair value of the newly recorded asset. The reduction in loan loss provisions is then recorded as utilisation at the time of derecognition. There are no further gains or losses resulting from the derecognition.
There is no write-off for non-substantial contractual modifications that do not result in (partial) derecognition. A revaluation of the gross carrying amount of the modified financial instrument is performed instead. The resulting valuation difference is recognised in profit or loss as a modification gain or loss. The modification gain or loss reflects the effects on net present value of the contractually agreed upon change in cash flows. The original effective interest rate is applied for discounting cash flows.
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Then, on subsequent reporting dates, the original effective interest rate is applied to what is at that time the current (modified) cash flow for discounting. An amortisation result is calculated as the delta to the amortised costs of the previous reporting date on the basis of the amortised costs calculated using this method. This result is reported as a component of Net interest income. This therefore yields an amortisation amount that partially represents the original premium/discount but also includes amortisation of the modification gain/loss.
The modification list serves as the group-wide basis for identification of relevant contractual modifications. Differentiation between substantial and non-substantial modi-fications is made by means of qualitative analysis based on the cash flow criterion:
- If a contract modification does not fulfil the cash flow criterion, it is classified as substantial. This includes contractual modifications such as agreement on performance-related interest payments or performance-related payments after successful restructuring. Such contractual modifications are typically made in the context of intensive and problem loan management as part of complex restructuring.
- Changes in borrowers and currency without a contractual currency change option are also deemed substantial modifications.
- Any other contractual modifications that fulfil the cash flow criterion are not deemed substantial. These include less complex contractual modifications, such as interest rate adjustments, principal repayment deferrals, interest and repayment forbearance (interest rate unchanged).
Since a substantial modification usually means failure to fulfil the cash flow criterion, the newly recorded financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value.
In the event of a non-substantial modification, an assessment must be made of whether the credit risk has increased significantly and whether a stage transfer may consequently be necessary. A credit risk-related contractual modification triggers an ad hoc rating as an early warning signal or at least a documented review of the need for an ad hoc rating in accordance with requirements for early detection of risks.
At KfW Group, modification gains and losses with no related derecognitions are reported net in a separate sub-item under “Risk provisions for lending business”.
D. Fair value
Subsequent measurement at fair value, which, depending on the measurement category, is regularly determined either for recognition in the statement of financial position or for the disclosure of financial instruments in the Notes, is based on the following hierarchy at KfW Group:
Active market (allocation to the “Quoted market price” level)
The best objective evidence of fair value is provided by published price quotations in an active market. A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available and those prices represent current – i.e. traded on the reporting date or shortly before – and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis. Together with the traded nominal volumes, the contract sizes and the number of contracts, this assessment takes into account in particular the bid-ask spreads observed which in the event of a significant increase indicate the absence of an active market.
No active market – valuation techniques (allocation to “Valuation methods based on observable market data [model]” or “Valuation methods based in part on data not observable in a market”)
If the financial instrument is not quoted in an active market, valuation techniques are used. The valuation techniques applied include, in particular, the discounted cash flow (DCF) method and option pricing models, as well as a comparison to the fair value of a financial instrument with almost identical characteristics (e.g., multiple-based models). The valuation techniques take account of all input parameters that the market
74 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

participants would include in the pricing of that financial instrument, e.g., market interest rates, risk-free interest rates, credit spreads or swap curves. As these input parameters can generally be observed in the market and are usually the only significant parameters for measuring financial instruments using valuation techniques, the level for the financial instruments measured at fair value using valuation methods is usually “Valuation methods based on observable market data (model)”. This allocation also generally applies for prices quoted on inactive markets published by price service agencies. If significant input parameters that are not observable on the market, such as expected risk-free customer margins or capital costs, are used in valuation techniques, the financial instrument is allocated to the “Valuation methods based in part on data not observable in a market” level.
If, at the date of initial recognition, differences arise between the market-based transaction price and the model price resulting from a valuation technique that makes significant use of unobservable parameters, an analysis is performed to determine whether there are economic reasons for these initial differences (e.g. conclusion of a transaction on a market that is not the main market for this transaction). These economic reasons only apply to a small part of the derivative portfolio of KfW Group, which comprises a hedging instrument for customers with respect to the export and project financing business. In relation to this, OTC (over the counter) derivatives in line with the market are not concluded on the main market (OTC interbank market) relevant to valuation. The initial differences determined upon conclusion of these derivatives are amortised through profit or loss over the life of the financial instruments, as the valuation parameters unobservable on the market are relevant to the valuation procedure. The reliability of this valuation technique is ensured via regular model validations.
This (valuation) hierarchy is applied in the group as follows:
Fair values are derived from active markets, in particular, for bonds and other fixed-income securities – unless there are inactive markets, and valuation techniques or prices quoted on inactive markets published by price service agencies are therefore used – as well as own issuances reported on the liabilities side. However, fair values are derived from valuation techniques for non-derivative financial instruments recognised in Loans and advances to banks and customers, Equity investments, Liabilities to banks and customers, and some of the products recognised under Certificated liabilities. Valuation techniques are also used for OTC derivatives.
The steps detailed below are taken for certain product groups:
For securities in the Securities and investments line item, the group examines whether a financial instrument is quoted on an active market on the basis of homogeneous portfolios. Market activity is assessed based on the following criteria:
- There is more than one market maker.
- Prices are set on a regular basis.
- Prices deviate only slightly between market makers.
- The bid-ask spread is narrow.
Prices on active markets are used to determine the fair value of the group’s asset securities as of the reporting date. In addition, for parts of the portfolio, prices from price service agencies are used that do not qualify as prices quoted on active markets. Should these not be available in individual cases, valuation techniques are used to determine fair value taking into account observable market parameters. The input parameters include, in particular, changes in creditworthiness and risk-free interest rates, but they also take into account general and financial instrument-specific tightening of the market due to lower liquidity.
In the case of OTC derivatives, valuation techniques are used that pay special attention to counterparty-specific default risks, taking into account available collateral.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies | 75

Default risks are not calculated separately for each transaction but for the portfolio of transactions on which a framework agreement is based. The resulting credit risk adjustment amounts are very low as KfW generally pledges collateral for positive market values in accordance with the collateral agreements concluded. In accordance with market practices, risk-free overnight interest rates are used for the valuation of a major part of the derivatives portfolio with collateralisation agreements.
The fair value of Loans to banks and customers is calculated using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method based on the discounting of the risk-adjusted cash flows. The expected loss calculated for the respective reporting date is used to correct the contractual cash flows.
The holding arrangements for the Federal Republic of Germany are accounted for as receivables from the Federal Government. The receivables comprise the KfW-funded purchase price of the items held for the Federal Republic of Germany as well as an additional benefit from the sales proceeds of the items. The receivables are measured at fair value, with the additional benefit being accounted for as a key value driver using current market prices of the items held.
Valuation methods based on net asset value are also used in addition to the discounted cash flow method for valuation of equity investments.
The Federal Republic of Germany’s liability for specific KfW liabilities in accordance with Article 1a of the KfW Law has an advantageous effect on KfW’s ability to fund itself. In determining the fair value of KfW’s liabilities, the effect of this explicit direct state guarantee is also taken into account. The state guarantee does not represent an independent unit of account.
The fair value of financial instruments due on demand, such as Cash reserves or receivables and liabilities due on demand, is their carrying amount.
When no prices from liquid markets are available and prices on inactive markets cannot be provided by price service agencies, recognised valuation models and methods are used. The DCF method is used for securities, swaps, and currency and money market transactions with no embedded options and no complex coupons. Stand-alone options, as well as derivatives with embedded options, triggers, guaranteed interest rates and/or complex coupon agreements, are measured using recognised models (e.g., Hull & White) unless they are listed on a stock exchange.
The aforementioned models are calibrated, if possible, on the basis of observable market data for instruments that are similar in terms of the type of transaction, maturity, and credit quality.
E. Financial guarantee contracts
A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the guarantor to make specified payments that compensate the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to meet its contractual payment obligations. At initial recognition, a financial guarantee contract is to be measured at fair value, which is zero at contract conclusion, as the value of the premium on fair value contracts is equal to the value of the guarantee obligation. If a financial guarantee contract is not designated to the fair value measurement category at initial recognition, a provision is recognised for expected losses from a financial guarantee as part of a subsequent assessment, applying IFRS 9 rules for risk provisioning. KfW Group does not voluntarily designate financial guarantee contracts for measurement at fair value.
Provisions for expected losses from financial guarantees are reported under Provisions for credit risks.
76 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

(8) Derivatives and hedging relationships A. Hedging transactions/hedge accounting
KfW Group enters into financial derivatives to economically hedge interest rate fluctuation and currency risks, particularly those related to funding, lending and securities activities. Interest rate swaps, interest rate/currency swaps and base currency swaps are mainly used for this purpose. Interest rate swaps are used to convert fixed rate interest payments of the issuances or lending transactions into variable payments. In the case of refinancing in a foreign currency, payments are also converted into the functional currency (EUR). The hedge ratio for the issues is normally 1:1. Ineffectiveness therefore results exclusively from unhedged risks such as counterparty risk or tenor or basis spread risks.
Economic hedging relationships are designated as hedge accounting relationships or designated as fair value through profit or loss by using the fair value option when the IFRS requirements are met. Economic hedging relationships can also be recognised in the financial statements through bifurcation of separable embedded derivatives on the liabilities side that are accounted for through profit or loss. In these cases, if the hedges are economically effective, the impact on the financial statements, with respect to the hedged risks, from the instruments used for hedging purposes and the hedged transactions will substantially offset each other, so that the group’s income statement substantially reflects the risk-mitigating impact of these hedging relationships.
However, not all economic hedging relationships qualify for hedge accounting or the fair value option. In these cases, the risk-mitigating impact of the derivatives used for hedging purposes is not reflected in the accounts because the hedged risk associated with the underlying transactions is not recognised in profit or loss under IFRS. The applicable recognition requirements may therefore lead to one-sided valuation results from the derivatives used for hedging purposes in the group’s income statement – as well as volatility in profit or loss – despite an economically effective hedging relationship.
Hedge accounting in the group is used solely in the form of fair value hedges to recognise economic hedging relationships. The hedging relationship is designated, firstly, at individual transaction and group level in the form of micro fair value hedge accounting, and, secondly, at portfolio level in the form of macro fair value hedge accounting. KfW has exercised the option of applying IAS 39 rules for hedge accounting. If risk-free overnight interest rates are used in the valuation of the derivatives, this market practice is also subject to micro fair value hedge accounting for the measurement of the hedged risk related to the hedged item. The hedged risk in macro fair value hedge accounting relates to the variable interest rates of the derivative portfolio. The effec-tiveness of the hedging relationships is assessed using the dollar offset method and a regression analysis (80%-125% range for assessing effectiveness).
In micro fair value hedge accounting, interest and currency risks from bonds allocated to Securities and investments (amortised cost category) and, above all, from borrowings (amortised cost category) are hedged. In micro fair value hedging relationships at individual transaction level, the fair values attributable to the hedged risks are reported as an adjustment of the carrying amount of the hedged items with the corresponding gain or loss recognised in Net gains/losses from hedge accounting. The hedging instruments used for this purpose are recognised at fair value in Derivatives designated for hedge accounting. Changes in the value of the hedging instruments are also recognised in Net gains/losses from hedge accounting, largely compensating the profit or loss effects of the hedged items.
In macro fair value hedge accounting, interest risks primarily from bonds allocated to Securities and investments (amortised cost) that are hedged against interest risks as part of dynamic asset liability management, are hedged. The fair values attributable to the hedged risks in the hedged portfolios in the amortised cost category are accounted for in Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting on the assets side. Fair value changes attributable to the hedged risks from the hedged portfolios are shown in Net gains/losses from hedge accounting.
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The hedging instruments are reported at fair value in Derivatives designated for hedge accounting. Changes in the value of these instruments are also recognised in Net gains/losses from hedge accounting, with the effect that they almost fully offset the earnings effects from the valuation of the hedged portfolios.
The portfolio of hedged items is updated monthly in the context of a dynamic hedge de-designation and designation process. The resulting fair value adjustments are amortised over the residual term of the maturity period in Net gains/losses from hedge accounting. Disposals from the hedged portfolios result in a proportional amor-tisation of the related fair value adjustments in Net gains/losses from hedge accounting. When cash flows from hedging instruments are derecognised while the economic hedge based on non-derivative financial instruments remains, the related fair value adjustments from the hedged portfolios are amortised in Net interest income. The procedure for determining the remaining lifetime was optimised in 2019, resulting in a changed amortisation process without the optimisation having any effect on results over the remaining lifetime.
If the strict hedge accounting requirements for the designation of hedging relationships between derivatives and financial assets/liabilities are not fulfilled within KfW Group, the fair value option is used in certain circumstances. The fair values of the corresponding hedging instruments are presented in Other derivatives and fair value changes – if not due to changes in KfW’s own credit risk – and recognised in Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss. These are largely offset by valuation effects from the hedged transactions. Fair value changes in liabilities resulting from changes in KfW’s own credit risk are directly recognised in Other comprehensive income.
Further derivative financial instruments are used to hedge risks, but their economic hedging relationships are not reflected in the accounts. The fair values of these hedging instruments are also recognised in the Other derivatives item, with changes in fair value being recognised in Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.
KfW Group neither uses derivatives for trading purposes nor does it enter into derivatives acting as a broker or intermediary on behalf of third parties.
B. Embedded derivatives
Derivative financial instruments can be part of a hybrid (combined) financial liability as embedded derivatives. Under certain conditions, they are accounted for separately from the host contract, similar to stand-alone derivatives. They must be bifurcated if the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract. The host contract is accounted for according to its classification at inception.
KfW Group enters into contracts with separable embedded derivatives particularly with respect to its own funding. In the case of these products, the embedded derivatives must be bifurcated. Changes in fair value are then recognised in Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss in the sub-line item Financial derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, where they have a compensatory effect on the valuation of the economic hedging derivatives.
The fair value option was selected for certificated liabilities with bifurcated (embedded) derivatives recorded prior to bifurcation.
78 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

(9) Foreign currency translation
The functional currency of KfW and its consolidated subsidiaries is the euro. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are converted at the spot rate as of the reporting date.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are normally converted at historical rates if they are measured at (amortised) cost. Translation is made using the European Central Bank reference rates.
The changes in value resulting from foreign currency translation are reported in the income statement under Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.
(10) Revenue from contracts with customers
IFRS 15 defines the nature, amount and timing of revenue arising from contracts with customers. Such revenue includes fees which are not an integral part of the effective interest rate and which are reported under Commission income. In this context, a five-step principle-based model is to be applied to relevant customer contracts. Moreover, the Notes are to include comprehensive detailed quantitative and qualitative information. IFRS 15 does not apply to fees and charges that are an integral part of the effective interest rate as they fall under the scope of IFRS 9.
There are primarily mandate contractual arrangements with the Federal Government as contracting authority within the meaning of IFRS 15. They include fees for the administration of German Financial Cooperation for the promotion of developing countries and emerging economies, fees for the administration of certain programmes subsidised by the Federal Government, and fees for debt collection on certain loans. KfW also charges fees for administrative services for other mandate agreements as well as for processing services and to a limited extent for services for lending and trust activities. Individual services may be grouped together into a bundle of services that qualifies as a separate performance obligation within the meaning of IFRS 15. The value of the transaction is therefore not broken down.
As performance obligations are mostly satisfied over time, revenue from customer contracts is recognised according to the measure of progress and is thus normally recognised over time.
KfW Group has no items that require recognising customer acquisition or contract ful-filment costs as assets. One-time advance payments to be allocated are deferred and recognised as contract liabilities in the statement of financial position under Other liabilities.
If the service has already been performed but fees have not yet been paid or if there is not yet any claim to payment, a contract asset is to be recognised in the statement of financial position under Other assets. If the claim becomes unconditional, the contract asset is to be reclassified as a Trade receivable adjusting the carrying amount where applicable. This rule is applied to fees for administration of certain programmes subsidised by the Federal Government.
Based on the credit rating and short remaining life, no expected credit loss is calculated.
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(11) Promotional lending business at KfW
The general promotional loans market, which distinguishes itself from the market for general lending business, is relevant for KfW’s promotional lending business conducted as part of its legal promotional mandate. This market is characterised by the fact that promotional banks, as part of their legal mandate, pass on all funding advantages to the ultimate borrowers in funding projects eligible for promotion. In setting the terms and conditions of the corresponding promotional loans, KfW uses its current term-differentiated refinancing rates.
At initial recognition of such loans, the fair value is thus equivalent to the transaction value.
KfW also grants promotional loans which include additional subsidies granted during the first fixed interest rate period, in the form of interest rate reductions impacting KfW’s earnings position. The fair value of these promotional loans – measured using the parameters of the general promotional loan market – is thus not equivalent to the transaction value at initial recognition as in this case the interest rate is below the market rate.
The difference that normally results from such loan commitments – present value of the nominal scheduled interest rate reductions during the first fixed interest rate period – is recognised in profit or loss as an interest expense and accounted for as an adjustment to the carrying amount in loans and advances under the items Loans and advances to banks or Loans and advances to customers. The adjustment to the carrying amount is amortised in Net interest income using the effective interest rate method. In the event of unscheduled repayment in full, it is recognised in profit or loss under Interest income.
Differences that relate to irrevocable loan commitments are reported in Provisions. Changes to the portfolio are offset via the adjustments to the carrying amounts of already disbursed promotional loans recognised on the assets side.
(12) Loans and advances to banks and customers
Loans and advances to banks primarily consists of the promotional lending business, in which loans are typically granted to the final borrowers through accredited commercial banks and insurance companies. These assets are presented under this item when the commercial banks underwrite part of the liability. Promotional loans that the commercial banks on-lend without underwriting of liability are recognised in Loans and advances to customers.
Loans and advances to banks and customers also include loans with a subsidy (interest rate reductions) granted by KfW under the ERP economic promotion programme. The promotional grants awarded annually to KfW through the ERP Special Fund based on the ERP Economic Planning Act (ERP-Wirtschaftsplangesetz) for the purpose of executing the ERP economic promotion programme are recognised as deferred income in Other liabilities and are amortised in profit or loss under Interest income as the underlying funding expenses occur.
Current interest and similar income are generally recorded under Interest income. If, due to the low interest environment, negative interest rates arise from a financial asset, these are also recorded in Interest income, with a minus sign. Premiums, discounts, processing fees and charges are amortised in Interest income using the effective interest method. Processing fees that are not amortized under the effective interest method are recognised under Commission income.
80 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

(13) Risk provisions for lending business
Risk provisions for lending business include the provisions for losses on loans and advances as a separate line item on the assets side of the statement of financial position, as well as the provisions for credit risks accounted for on the liabilities side as Provisions.
The credit risks resulting from on and off-balance sheet lending business are accounted for through impairments recognised in profit or loss in the amount of the one-year expected credit loss (stage 1) or the lifetime expected credit loss (stage 2 and stage 3). Additions to and reversals of risk provisions are recognised in Risk provisions for lending business in the income statement.
Impaired loans are written off against Loan loss provisions if they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries on loans already written off as well as write-offs are reported as income in Risk provisions for lending business.
(14) Securities and investments
Securities and investments mainly comprises bonds and other fixed-income securities held in securities portfolios that belong to KfW and its subsidiaries, along with equity investments.
The securities portfolios mainly serve to support KfW’s liquidity position and to stabilise and ensure the group’s promotional capacity in the long term.
To achieve the same accounting treatment for equity investments with and without significant influence, individual group business areas that provide equity finance as part of their promotional mandate are considered as venture capital organisations for accounting purposes provided they meet the respective requirements. These equity investments, like other equity investments, are recognised in Securities and investments.
Due to the comparatively low proportion of risk provisions in the securities business, financial assets are reported on a net basis, i.e. the gross carrying amount is reported reduced by the amount of risk provisions in the securities business recognised as of the reporting date.
Any fair value changes of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.
Current interest payments and dividends are recognised in Interest income.
(15) Repurchase agreements
KfW Group enters into repurchase agreements as standardised repos or reverse repos. These are combinations of simultaneous spot and forward transactions on interest-bearing securities with the same counterparty. The terms and modalities of collateral and its use follow common market practice. Credit claims are also an eligible type of collateral for open-market transactions.
The interest-bearing securities sold under repo transactions (spot sales) continue to be recognised and measured as securities. The repayment obligation towards the counterparty is carried as a liability to banks or customers for the amount of cash consideration received. Interest is recorded in Interest expense in accordance with the respective term of the repurchase agreements.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies | 81

A repayment claim is recognised and measured as a loan or advance to banks or customers for the amount of cash outflow generated by reverse repos. The securities received (spot purchases) are not recognised or measured. Interest is recorded in Interest income in accordance with the respective conditions of the reverse repurchase agreements.
(16) Property, plant and equipment
The land and buildings and the plant and equipment reported by KfW Group are carried at cost less depreciation on a straight-line basis and any impairment, both recognised in Administrative expense. In accordance with the requirements in IAS 36, an impairment is recognised if there are indications of impairment and the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount, i.e., the lower of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. The useful life is determined based on expected wear and tear. KfW Group assumes an estimated useful life of 40 to 50 years for buildings, four years for workstation computer equipment and five to 15 years for other property, plant and equipment. Gains and losses from the sale of property, plant and equipment are recognised in Net other operating income.
Payments in advance and assets under construction are recognised in Other property, plant and equipment and are not subject to depreciation.
(17) Intangible assets
Under Intangible assets, KfW Group reports purchased and internally generated software at cost, less straight-line amortisation and impairments, both recognised in Administrative expense. The useful life is determined based on expected wear and tear. KfW Group assumes a useful life of five years.
Assets are impaired when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the recoverable amount. An impairment is recorded when no future economic benefits can be identified.
Internally generated software under development is reported under Other intangible assets and is not subject to amortisation.
(18) Liabilities to banks and customers and Certificated liabilities
Liabilities to banks and customers primarily include funding carried at amortised cost and KfW Group’s money-market transactions. Certificated liabilities contain issued bonds, notes and money-market instruments. Own issues repurchased in the open market are deducted from the liabilities as of the repurchase date.
Fair value changes of liabilities designated at fair value are recognised in profit or loss under Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, where they have an off setting effect with the fair value changes from economic hedging derivatives, provided they do not result from changes in own credit risk.
Current interest arising from a financial liability is recorded in Interest expense. This also applies in the case of negative interest resulting from a low interest rate environment. Premiums and discounts are amortised in Interest expense using the effective interest method over the expected life.
Results from the repurchase of own issues categorised as liabilities measured at amortised cost are recognised at the repurchase date in Net other operating income.
82 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

(19) Provisions
Provisions include provisions for pensions and similar commitments, credit risks, interest rate reductions in irrevocable loan commitments granted by KfW in the promotional lending business and negatively impacting its earnings position, as well as other obligations of uncertain amount and timing involving a probable outflow of funds.
The employees of KfW Group participate in a company pension plan that pays retirement, long-term disability and survivor benefits. KfW Group has various pension plans, consisting exclusively of defined-benefit schemes. The benefits largely depend on the length of company service and salary. The pension plan that was applied for new hires until 1985 offered a full pension (Gesamtversorgung), in which a certain portion of the income paid before the benefits were due was allocated as a benefit after deducting the state pension. Apart from employer-financed pension plans there are also plans in place involving contributions by employees.
KfW Group pension plans are subject to the following risks in particular: longevity, interest rate fluctuation, pension adjustment risk as well as the risk of future changes to the assessment bases.
Longevity risk is the risk that higher expenses will be incurred for the company pension plan if the pensioners live longer than projected. In general, this risk is balanced out across all pensioners and would only have an impact if life expectancy were to rise faster in the future than anticipated.
Due to the long term of the company pension plan, provisions for pension obligations are subject to general interest rate fluctuation risks.
Pension adjustment risk largely relates to the pension plan offering a full pension (Gesamtversorgung). In this scheme, benefits are recalculated as soon as there is a change in the base income eligible for pension or the state pension to be offset. Another pension plan must be examined regularly in terms of forecast and actual pension adjustments, undertaking such adjustments if necessary.
The amount of the benefits promised under the existing pension plans at KfW Group depends, among other things, on development of the income eligible for benefits and the social security contribution ceiling (Beitragsbemessungsgrenze). There is a risk that the basis of assessment will develop differently than was assumed.
Pension obligations are calculated by an independent qualified actuary in accordance with the projected unit credit method on the basis of group-wide uniform parameters such as age, length of company service and salary. The pension provision is recognised at the present value of the defined-benefit obligations as of the reporting date. The discount factor is based on current market conditions for a portfolio of high quality corporate bonds/bonds from supranational issuers with a maturity matching that of the obligations. The definition of the portfolio takes into account actual market conditions. Additional demographic factors (including the 2018 G Heubeck actuarial tables) and actuarial assumptions (rate of salary and pension increases, rate of staff turnover, etc.) are taken into account.
No plan assets were defined for the pension obligations of KfW Group, so the related special accounting rules do not apply. Provisions for pensions and similar obligations are financed in-house with suffcient assets with corresponding maturities.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies | 83

Actuarial gains and losses are immediately recognised at the time they occur. They occur as a result of remeasurement of pension obligations as of the reporting date compared to the figures forecast at the beginning of the year.
Additions to pension provisions distinguish between service cost and interest expense. Service cost is reported under Administrative expense; interest expense is reported under Other interest expense. The pension provision changes recognised directly in equity comprise the actuarial gains and losses reported in Revaluation reserves; these are reported in Other comprehensive income.
Pension-like obligations include commitments for deferred compensation, early retirement and partial retirement. Actuarial reports are prepared and a provision is recognised accordingly for these types of commitments as well. No actuarial gains or losses are incurred.
Other provisions, including those for obligations to employees and for audit and consultancy services, are recognised at the estimated expenditure. Long-term provisions are discounted where the effect is material. Added to this are obligations arising from the assumption of the tasks of the State Insurance Company of the German Democratic
Republic in liquidation (Staatliche Versicherung der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik in Abwicklung – “SinA” institution under public law), which are offset by receivables in the same amount from the Federal Agency for Special Tasks Arising from Unification
(Bundesanstalt für vereinigungsbedingte Sonderaufgaben – “BvS”) reported under
Other assets.
(20) Equity
The equity structure is, in particular, determined by the KfW Law and the requirements of IFRS.
Pursuant to Article 10 (2) and (3) of the KfW Law, KfW’s net income for the period determined in accordance with the German Commercial Code is transferred to reserves and is included in equity under IFRS.
KfW Group has created a fund for general banking risks. Additions to or reductions of the fund are shown under IFRS as appropriation of consolidated profit/loss.
Under IFRS, any remaining consolidated net income is allocated to Other retained earnings in the same period.
Revaluation reserves comprise transactions to be recognised directly in equity in accordance with IFRS. These include valuation results from the change in own credit risk of liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss and actuarial gains or losses in the case of defined-benefit plan pension commitments. They also may include deferred taxes, depending on the underlying transaction.
(21) Trust activities
Assets and liabilities held by KfW Group in its own name but for the account of third parties are not recognised. This applies in particular to loans granted under German Financial Cooperation to support developing countries. The related funds are granted and underwritten by the German federal budget. The fees earned associated with these transactions are recognised under Commission income.
Cash reserves also include cash proceeds from assets held in trust. The resulting payment obligations are reported under Liabilities to customers.
84 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Accounting policies

Notes to the statement of
comprehensive income
(22) Net interest income
Analysis of Net interest income by class
2019
2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Interest and similar income from loans and advances to banks and customers
6,355
6,768
Similar income from financial guarantees
22
19
Interest income from securities and investments
154
177
Interest income from hedges recognised in the statement of financial position
–3,650
–4,068
Other interest income
–114
–60
Interest income from the effective interest method
2,767
2,836
Interest and similar income from loans and advances to banks and customers
–23
–17
Interest income from securities and investments
66
56
Interest income from Other derivatives
1,108
812
Other interest income
1,151
851
Interest income, total
3,918
3,687
Interest and similar expense for liabilities to banks and customers
217
235
Interest expense for certificated liabilities
6,947
7,317
Interest expense for derivatives
–5,780
–6,314
Other interest expense
188
221
Interest expense, total
1,571
1,459
Net interest income
2,347
2,228
Expenses for granting promotional loans below market rates – due to additional pro-
motional funds in the form of interest rate reductions with an impact on KfW’s earnings
position – amount to EUR 137 million (2018: EUR 185 million) and are reported in
Other interest expenses. In addition to the charges resulting from the present value
of the nominal scheduled interest rate reductions in new lending business, the Other
interest expense item also comprises the expenses arising from amortisation at a
constant effective interest rate. Interest and similar income from loans and advances
to banks and customers also comprises income from accrual-based amortisation in
the amount of the pro-rata nominal planned interest rate reductions for these promo-
tional loans in the amount of EUR 279 million (2018: EUR 313 million).
Interest income from stage 3 loans in the amount of EUR 33 million (2018: EUR 26 million)
is reported under Interest and similar income from loans and advances to banks and
customers.
Interest income from hedges recognised in the statement of financial position com-
prises interest income from derivatives subject to hedge accounting as well as interest
income from amortisation of value adjustments from hedge accounting. Interest
income from derivatives in hedge accounting is recognised depending on the related
hedged item in the interest income from hedge accounting relationships for related
financial assets.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income
| 85

Interest expense from derivatives includes the net interest expenses from all derivatives
irrespective of whether they are used for hedge accounting. Interest expense from
derivatives in hedge accounting is recognised depending on the related hedged item
in the interest expense from derivatives for related financial liabilities.
By including the interest income or expense from the hedged items and derivatives in
hedge accounting, presentation is thus based on the economic substance of the
hedged financial assets (floating rate financial assets) or hedged financial liabilities
(floating rate financial liabilities).
Gross analysis of negative interest contributions
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Interest income (gross) 4,156 3,874
Negative interest from financial assets –237 –187
Interest expense (gross) 1,713 1,545
Negative interest from financial liabilities –141 –86
Net interest income 2,347 2,228
The negative interest contributions contained in Interest income resulted from
balances with central banks, loans and advances to banks and customers, and securities
and investments. The positive interest contributions in Interest expense are largely
due to liabilities to banks and customers and certificated liabilities.
86 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income

(23) Risk provisions for lending business
Analysis of Risk provisions by transaction
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Expenses for additions to risk provisions
718
883
Direct write-offs
36
31
Expenses for risk provisions
755
914
Income from the reversal of risk provisions
520
839
Income from recoveries of amounts previously written off
77
77
Income from risk provisions
597
916
Net gains/losses from non-substantial contractual modifications
–10
5
Other risk provisions for lending business
–6
–10
Total
–174
–3
(24) Net commission income
Analysis of Commission income
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Revenue from contracts with customers
518
379
from mandate contractual arrangements with the Federal Government
461
335
Fee income from mandate agreements, processing activities and services
16
13
Fee income from the lending business
39
31
Trust activities
2
0
Other commission income
6
8
Financial guarantee contracts
1
2
Other
5
5
Commission income, total
524
387
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income | 87

Commission income by segment in financial year 2019    
Mittel- Individual- KfW Export Promotion of Financial Head office KfW Group
standsbank finanzierung Capital and project developing markets
& Private & Offent- finance countries    
Kunden liche    and    
(SME Bank Kunden    emerging    
& Private (Customised    economies    
Clients) Finance &                
Public                
Clients)                
EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR
2019 in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions
Commission                
income 210 14 0 33 266 0 1 524
of which Federal                
Government 205 11 0 0 245 0 0 461
% 98% 77% 0% 0% 92% 0% 0% 88%
Commission income by segment in financial year 2018    
Mittel- Individual- KfW Export Promotion of Financial Head office KfW Group
standsbank finanzierung Capital and project developing markets
& Private & Offent- finance countries    
Kunden liche    and    
(SME Bank Kunden    emerging    
& Private (Customised    economies    
Clients) Finance &                
Public                
Clients)                
EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR
2018 in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions in millions
Commission                
income 145 14 0 18 208 1 0 387
of which Federal                
Government 137 8 0 0 191 0 0 335
% 94% 56% 0% 0% 91% 0% 0% 87%
Out-of-period income                
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Revenue in current period resulting from services performed in the previous period(s)    42 5
88 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income

Analysis of Commission expense by class
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Commission expense for lending business
13
14
Commission expense for credit derivatives
0
0
Other commission expense
12
11
Commission expense
25
25
Net commission income
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Commission income
524
387
Commission expense
25
25
Total
499
362
(25) Net gains/losses from hedge accounting
Analysis of Net gains/losses from hedge accounting by type of hedging relationship
Items in the income statement that
Hedge ineffectiveness
contain cases of hedge ineffectiveness
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Micro fair value hedges
17
38
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting
Interest risk
0
31
–
Interest-currency risk
18
7
–
Macro fair value hedges
–18
442
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting
Interest risk
–18
442
–
Total
–1
480
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income | 89

Analysis of Net gains/losses from micro fair value hedge accounting by hedged item
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Hedging of securities and investments 5 3
Hedging of liabilities to banks and customers –1 0
Hedging of certificated liabilities 12 34
Hedging of subordinated liabilities 0 0
Subtotal: Effectiveness of hedges 16 37
Amortisation of value adjustments 1 1
Total 17 38
Gross analysis of valuation gains/losses from micro fair value hedge accounting:
Comparison of hedged items and hedging instruments in financial year 2019
Hedging Effectiveness
Hedged items instruments of hedges
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Hedging of securities and investments 204 –199 5
Hedging of liabilities to banks and customers –44 44 –1
Hedging of certificated liabilities –5,156 5,168 12
Total –4,996 5,013 16
Gross analysis of valuation gains/losses from micro fair value hedge accounting:
Comparison of hedged items and hedging instruments in financial year 2018
Hedging Effectiveness
Hedged items instruments of hedges
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Hedging of securities and investments 100 –97 3
Hedging of liabilities to banks and customers 50 –50 0
Hedging of certificated liabilities 57 –23 34
Hedging of subordinated liabilities 0 0 0
Total 207 –170 37
Gross analysis of net gains/losses from macro fair value hedge accounting:
Comparison of hedged items and hedging instruments in financial year 2019
Hedging Effectiveness
Hedged items instruments of hedges
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Net gains/losses from macro fair value hedge accounting 2,428 –2,446 –18
90 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income

Gross analysis of net gains/losses from macro fair value hedge accounting:
Comparison of hedged items and hedging instruments in financial year 2018
Hedging
Effectiveness
Hedged items
instruments
of hedges
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Net gains/losses from macro fair value hedge accounting
240
202
442
Net gains/losses from macro fair value hedge accounting comprise the valuation of
hedging instruments and the valuation of hedged risks from the hedged portfolios. It
also includes the amortisation of the value adjustments from the dynamic hedge
designation and de-designation and the pro rata reversal of value adjustments in the
event of derecognition of financial instruments from the underlying portfolios as well
as the pull-to-par effect of the hedging derivatives.
(26) Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss
Analysis of Net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss by class
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks/customers
–14
3
Securities and investments
79
113
Assets
65
116
Liabilities to banks and customers
–33
30
Certificated liabilities
–373
315
Liabilities
–406
345
Financial derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting
338
–500
Credit derivatives
0
0
Derivative financial instruments
338
–500
Foreign currency translation
–6
–14
Total
–9
–54
Net gains/losses from assets include the net gains/losses from holding arrangements
for the Federal Republic of Germany – if attributable to KfW, IPEX’s syndication busi-
ness with a focus on short-term placement, loans that do not meet the SPPI criterion
(loans and advances to banks and customers), and equity investments (securities
and investments).
Net gains/losses from liabilities measured at fair value include promissory note loans
(liabilities to banks and customers) and bonds and notes (certificated liabilities).
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income | 91

Net gains/losses from financial derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting are
mainly attributable to derivatives in economic hedges. Economic hedges are recognised
by exercising the fair value option for the hedged items. The hedged items include, in
particular, borrowings in the form of Certificated liabilities and Liabilities to banks
and customers.
Furthermore, this line item includes gains/losses from embedded derivatives from
financial liabilities that are bifurcated; the net gains/losses from the valuation of the
associated hedging derivatives are thus compensated for.
Analysis of Net gains/losses from loans and advances to banks and customers at fair value by product type
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Net gains/losses from Loans and advances –14 3
Total –14 3
Analysis of Net gains/losses from securities and investments at fair value by product type
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Bonds and other fixed-income securities 0 0
Shares and other non-fixed income securities 0 8
Equity investments 79 105
Total 79 113
Gross analysis of results from economically hedged borrowings:
Comparison of hedged items and hedging instruments
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Borrowings –406 345
Hedging instruments 387 –469
Total (effectiveness of economic hedges) –19 –124
92 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income

(27) Risk provisions in the securities business
Analysis of Risk provisions by transaction
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Expenses for additions to risk provisions
4
6
Expenses for risk provisions
4
6
Income from the reversal of risk provisions
4
6
Income from risk provisions
4
6
Total
1
0
(28) Net gains/losses from disposal of financial instruments measured at amortised cost
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Income from disposal of financial instruments measured at amortised cost
1
2
Expenses from disposal of financial instruments measured at amortised cost
–6
0
Total
–6
2
Income and expense from disposal resulted from the sale of loans on the secondary
market.
(29) Net gains/losses from investments accounted for using the equity method
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Net gains/losses from investments accounted for using the equity method
15
22
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income | 93

(30) Administrative expense
Analysis of Administrative expense
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Wages and salaries 594 548
Social security contributions 81 75
Expenses for pension provision and other employee benefits 73 148
Personnel expense 749 771
Other administrative expenses 447 526
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 133 122
of which impairments of rights of use arising from leases 13 n/a
Non-personnel expense 580 647
Total 1,328 1,418
The salaries of 418 employees in external offices are included in the current Personnel
expense.
In 2018, the Other administrative expense item included rental expenses arising from
operating leases in the amount of EUR 16 million.
(31) Net other operating income or loss
Analysis of Net other operating income or loss
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Other operating income 71 52
Other operating expense 25 47
Total 46 5
Other operating income primarily includes income from the reversal of other provi-
sions in the amount of EUR 46 million (2018: EUR 33 million).
The Other operating expense item includes contributions payable by KfW IPEX-Bank
to the restructuring fund for banks in the amount of EUR 11 million (2018: EUR 15 million).
KfW is not obligated to contribute to the fund in accordance with Section 2 of the
Restructuring Fund Act (Restrukturierungsfondsgesetz – “RStrukFG”).
94 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income

(32) Taxes on income
Analysis of Taxes on income by component
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Current taxes on income
33
61
Deferred taxes
–9
–74
Total
23
–13
The reconciliation presents the relationship between the calculated income tax expense
for the financial year and reported taxes on income.
Income tax reconciliation
2019
2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Profit/loss from operating activities (before taxes)
1,391
1,623
Group income tax rate
0%
0%
Calculated income tax expense in financial year
0
0
Effects of tax rate differentials within the group
406
62
Effect of tax rate changes
0
0
Effects of previous year taxes recorded in the reporting year
39
–4
Effects of non-deductible taxes on income
5
4
Effects of non-deductible business expenses
4
5
Effects of tax-free income
0
–1
Trade tax add-ons/reductions
1
1
Permanent accounting differences
–378
12
Effects of changes in recognised deferred tax assets
–54
–92
Reported taxes on income
23
–13
KfW’s applicable income tax rate of 0%, on which the reconciliation is based, takes
into account the tax status of KfW as a non-taxable public-law institution and the fact
that this status predominantly determines the profit/loss from operating activities.
The effects of tax rate differentials result from individual group companies being
taxable and the related different tax rates. The tax rates continue to range from 0%
to 32%.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of comprehensive income | 95

Segment reporting
(33) Segment reporting by business sector
In accordance with the provisions of IFRS 8, segment reporting follows the internal
management reporting system, which is used by the group’s main decision-makers to
assess each segment’s performance and to allocate resources to segments.
In accordance with the business sector structure for KfW Group, the segments and
their products and services can be presented as follows:
– Start-up financing
Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden
– Financing of general corporate investments and investments in innovation,
(SME Bank & Private Clients)
energy and environmental protection
– Education financing
– Financing for housing construction, conversion and refurbishment
Individualfinanzierung & Offentliche Kunden
– Financing of municipal and social infrastructure
(Customised Finance & Public Clients)
– Customised corporate financing with equity and debt capital
– Customised financing of banks and promotional institutions of the federal states
KfW Capital
– Investments in German and European venture capital and
venture debt funds
– Financing of German and European export activities
Export and project finance
– Financing of projects and investments which are of special interest
for Germany and Europe
– Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies on behalf of the
Federal Government through budget funds and complementary market funds
Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies
raised by KfW
– Financing provided by DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und
Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (private sector promotion)
– Securities and money market investments
Financial markets
– Holding arrangements for the Federal Republic of Germany
– Transactions mandated by the Federal Government, loan granted to Greece
– Funding
– Central interest rate and currency management
Head office
– Strategic equity investments
The business sectors are measured on the basis of their contribution to consolidated
profit. The individual line items are based on the following methods:
– Net interest income (before promotional expense) comprises interest margins from
lending business calculated on the basis of the market interest rate method1). The
item also includes the imputed return on equity allocated according to economic
capital usage. Head office also includes the treasury result, which largely comprises
the income/loss from interest rate and spread management. The profit contribution
from KfW funding2) is allocated to the Financial markets business sector.
– Promotional expense included in Interest, Commission and Administrative expense
in the income statement is reported separately pursuant to the internal manage-
ment report due to the special relevance of promotional expense as a management
variable.
1) Funding at matching maturities using KfW’s internal refinancing curve is assumed for the calculation of interest margins in this method.
2) The difference between the realised refinancing rates and the maturity-matched refinancing rates calculated in-house.
96 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Segment reporting

Promotional expense is understood to mean certain expenses from the two business sectors Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) and Indivi- dualfinanzierung & Offentliche Kunden (Customised Finance & Public Clients) that have a positive impact on the achievement of KfW’s promotional objectives. Promotional expense primarily consists of additions of the interest rate reductions accounted for at present value1) from new commitments as well as from the compounding effect. Additional promotional components are the expenses for sales partner incentives through upfront fees (included in Commission expense) as well as for available and product-related marketing and sales measures (included in Administrative expense).
– The allocation of Administrative expense (before promotional expense) is based on the results from activity-based accounting by cost centres2). Administrative expense (before promotional expense) includes depreciation on property, plant and equipment and amortisation of intangible assets.
– In the Risk provisions for lending business item, net impairment charges, direct write-offs, recoveries on loans written off and the net gains/losses from non-substantial contractual modifications are distributed among the segments according to the underlying loan.
– The valuation result comprises the net gains/losses from hedge accounting, the net gains/losses from other financial instruments at fair value, the net gains/losses from securities and investments, net gains/losses from risk provisions in the securities business, the net gains/losses from the disposal of financial instruments measured at amortised cost, the net gains/losses from investments accounted for using the equity method and net other operating income.
– When taxes on income are allocated to the business sectors (excluding the Head office), only the current taxes on income are taken into account. Deferred taxes are allocated to the Head office.
– The reported economic capital requirement covers all types of risk according to the definition of economic capital requirement in the risk report section of the group management report. In contrast to the previous year, the solvency level used of 99.99% was lowered to 99.90% (see the details in the risk report).
– In accordance with the internal management reporting system, segment assets are not reported as they are used neither to assess each segment’s performance nor to allocate resources to segments.
– The presentation of segment income and expense is based on consolidated figures. Administrative and commission expense as well as commission income and other operating income resulting from service relationships within KfW Group are adjusted in segment reporting. Any remaining negligible consolidation effects are reported in the reconciliation/consolidation column.
1) See note regarding “KfW’s promotional lending business” for details of KfW’s interest rate reductions in the promotional lending business. The present value of the nominal scheduled interest rate reductions, which is recognised as interest expense in profit or loss, is allocated to the Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME Bank & Private Clients) and Individualfinanzierung & Offentliche Kunden (Customised Finance & Public Clients) business sectors. The compounding effect on the present values contained in interest expense is allocated to the Head office for simplicity’s sake.
2) The costs incurred in the organisational units are largely allocated to the products by means of core services.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Segment reporting | 97

Segment reporting by business sector for financial year 2019    
Mittel- Individual KfW Export Promotion Financial Head Reconci- KfW
stands- finanzie Capital1) and of markets office liation/ Group
bank & rung & project developing    consoli-
Private Offentliche finance1) countries    dation
Kunden Kunden    and    
(SME Bank (Customised    emerging    
& Private Finance &    economies1)    
Clients) Public                
Clients)1)                
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
Volume of new                
commitments 35,979 7,217 156 22,080 10,648 1,402 0 –175 77,307
Net interest income                
(before promotional                
expense) 383 91 –1 744 389 359 521 –2 2,484
Net commission                
income (before                
promotional expense) 210 13 0 33 260 –3 0 0 512
Administrative expense                
(before promotional                
expense) 416 75 6 248 443 82 51 0 1,320
Operating result                
before valuation                
(before promotional                
expense) 177 29 –7 529 207 274 470 –2 1,677
Risk provisions for                
lending business –57 6 0 –10 –120 1 6 0 –174
Valuation result 4 32 13 6 10 5 –23 0 47
Profit/loss from                
operating activities                
(before promotional                
expense) 125 67 6 525 96 279 453 –1 1,549
Promotional expense 142 7 0 0 0 0 10 0 159
Taxes on income 0 0 0 25 3 0 –5 0 23
Consolidated profit –17 60 6 499 94 279 448 –1 1,367
Economic capital                
requirement 5,818 594 158 720 1,048 618 5,511 0 14,467
1) The valuation result of the business sectors contains the following net gains/losses from investments accounted for using the equity method:
Individualfinanzierung & Offentliche Kunden (Customised Finance & Public Clients): EUR 1.6 million, KfW Capital: EUR 0.8 million, Export and project finance:
EUR 6.0 million and Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies: EUR 7.0 million.    
98 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Segment reporting    

Segment reporting by business sector for financial year 2018    
Mittel- Individual KfW Export Promotion Financial Head Reconci- KfW
stands- finanzie Capital1) and of markets office liation/ Group
bank & rung & project developing    consoli-
Private Offentliche finance1) countries    dation
Kunden Kunden    and    
(SME Bank (Customised    emerging    
& Private Finance &    economies1)    
Clients) Public                
Clients)1)                
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
Volume of new                
commitments 36,294 9,544 141 17,730 10,558 1,472 0 –245 75,495
Net interest income                
(before promotional                
expense) 420 97 0 719 374 308 500 –5 2,413
Net commission                
income (before                
promotional expense) 145 11 0 18 202 –3 0 0 374
Administrative expense                
(before promotional                
expense) 388 85 7 253 438 93 135 0 1,400
Operating result                
before valuation                
(before promotional                
expense) 178 24 –7 483 138 212 366 –6 1,387
Risk provisions for                
lending business –12 –4 0 21 –14 1 5 0 –3
Valuation result 4 22 9 68 64 4 278 5 455
Profit/loss from                
operating activities                
(before promotional                
expense) 170 42 2 572 188 218 648 0 1,839
Promotional expense 196 6 0 0 0 0 14 0 216
Taxes on income 0 0 0 35 22 0 –70 0 –13
Consolidated profit –26 36 2 537 165 218 703 0 1,636
Economic capital                
requirement 8,090 1,040 171 1,166 1,698 1,035 5,168 0 18,369
1) The valuation result of the business sectors contains the following net gains/losses from investments accounted for using the equity method: Individualfinanzierung &
Offentliche Kunden (Customised Finance & Public Clients): EUR –7.6 million, KfW Capital: EUR 0.1 million, Export and project finance: EUR 26.6 million and Promotion of
developing countries and emerging economies: EUR 3.3 million.                
The reconciliation/consolidation column includes all adjustments that were necessary
to reconcile segment information with the aggregated information for KfW Group.
The consolidation effects reported for “Volume of new commitments” relate to com-
mitments for programme loans made by Mittelstandsbank & Private Kunden (SME
Bank & Private Clients) and Individualfinanzierung & Offentliche Kunden (Customised
Finance & Public Clients) for which KfW IPEX-Bank acts as on-lending bank. The
other amounts in this column result from minimal consolidation effects.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Segment reporting | 99

(34) Segment reporting by region
Net interest and commission income are allocated on the basis of the customers’
geographical location. The imputed return on equity included in net interest income,
the profit contribution from KfW funding and the treasury result are allocated to
Germany. KfW receives commission income from the Federal Government for support-
ing developing countries and emerging economies using budget funds of the Federal
Government. These funds are allocated according to the region of the country
receiving the investment.
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are not reported according to
region because, apart from immaterial amounts, these assets relate to Germany.
Segment reporting by region for financial year 2019    
Europe Reconciliation/
Germany (excl. Germany) Rest of the world consolidation KfW Group
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Net interest income 1,269 440 640 –2 2,347
Net commission income 211 40 248 0 499
Segment income 1,480 480 888 –2 2,846
Segment reporting by region for financial year 2018    
Europe Reconciliation/
Germany (excl. Germany) Rest of the world consolidation KfW Group
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Net interest income 1,210 420 603 –5 2,228
Net commission income 148 22 191 0 362
Segment income 1,358 442 794 –5 2,590
The reconciliation/consolidation column includes all adjustments that were necessary
to reconcile segment information with the aggregated information for KfW Group.
The amounts in this column result solely from minimal consolidation effects.
100 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Segment reporting

Notes to the statement
of financial position
(35) Cash reserves
Analysis of Cash reserves by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Cash 0 0
Balances with central banks 28,195 17,465
Total 28,195 17,465
(36) Loans and advances to banks
Analysis of Loans and advances to banks by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Money-market transactions 13,029 12,023
Loans and advances 264,984 262,074
Promissory note loans 23 22
Other receivables 3,876 6,293
Total 281,912 280,413
The receivables from reverse repurchase agreements (reverse “repos”) and cash col-
lateral pledged are included in Other receivables.
Analysis of Loans and advances to banks by underwriting liability type
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Direct loans to banks 72,827 73,472
On-lent customer loans with full underwriting borne by the on-lending commercial bank 190,910 187,392
On-lent customer loans with partial underwriting borne by the on-lending commercial bank 1,827 1,974
Direct and on-lent subordinated loans 334 267
Adjustment to the carrying amount due to the interest rate being below the market rate
for promotional loans paid out with additional promotional funds in the form of interest rate
reductions with an impact on KfW’s earnings position. –914 –1,030
Total 264,984 262,074
Direct loans to banks include in particular global loans granted as part of financing for
domestic housing construction and SMEs.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 101

(37) Loans and advances to customers
Analysis of Loans and advances to customers by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Money-market transactions 870 771
Loans and advances 126,567 124,379
Promissory note loans 1,540 1,131
Other receivables 439 596
Total 129,416 126,878
An adjustment to the carrying amount totalling EUR 64 million (31 Dec. 2018:
EUR 84 million) is reported under Loans and advances due to the interest rate being
below the market rate for promotional loans paid out with additional promotional
funds in the form of interest rate reductions impacting KfW’s earnings position.
Analysis of Loans and advances to customers by underwriting liability type
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Direct loans to customers 123,975 121,655
On-lent customer loans without underwriting borne by the on-lending commercial bank 242 209
Customer loans on-lent through insurance companies with full underwriting borne
by the on-lending insurance company 710 667
Direct subordinated loans and subordinated loans on-lent through
commercial banks and insurance companies 1,704 1,932
Adjustment to the carrying amount due to the interest rate being below the market rate
for promotional loans paid out with additional promotional funds in the form
of interest rate reductions with an impact on KfW’s earnings position. –64 –84
Total 126,567 124,379
Direct loans to customers include in particular loans granted under export and project
financing, municipal financing and education financing. The item also includes loans
connected with certain transactions mandated by the Federal Government in accordance
with the KfW Law.
102 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

(38) Risk provisions for lending business
Analysis of Risk provisions for lending business by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks 242 195
of which stage 1 124 122
of which stage 2 24 33
of which stage 3 93 39
Loans and advances to customers 1,428 1,350
of which stage 1 184 199
of which stage 2 186 176
of which stage 3 1,058 975
Provisions for losses on loans and advances 1,670 1,545
Provisions for credit risks 73 73
of which stage 1 36 40
of which stage 2 28 28
of which stage 3 10 6
Total 1,743 1,618
Provisions for losses on loans and advances also include money market investments
and reverse repos.
Development of Risk provisions for lending business in financial year 2019
Impairments for expected Impairments for expected Provisions for credit risks
losses from loans and losses from loans and
advances to banks advances to customers
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 122 33 39 199 176 975 40 28 6
Transfer from stage 2 and
stage 3 to stage 1 10 –10 0 30 –30 0 1 –1 0
Transfer from stage 1 and
stage 3 to stage 2 –2 2 0 –10 20 –11 –2 2 0
Transfer from stage 1 and
stage 2 to stage 3 –1 –10 11 –7 –46 53 0 –2 2
Additions 58 18 55 110 141 237 84 10 6
Utilisation 0 0 –7 0 0 –147 0 0 0
Reversals –65 –9 –5 –138 –78 –123 –87 –10 –4
Net present value eect 0 0 2 0 0 63 0 0 0
Exchange rate and
other changes 2 1 –1 0 2 10 1 0 0
As of 31 Dec. 2019 124 24 93 184 186 1,058 36 28 10
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 103

Development of Risk provisions for lending business in financial year 2018
Impairments for expected Impairments for expected Provisions for credit risks
losses from loans and losses from loans and
advances to banks advances to customers
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 120 32 40 219 200 962 34 42 9
Transfer from stage 2 and
stage 3 to stage 1 2 –2 0 24 –24 0 5 –5 0
Transfer from stage 1 and
stage 3 to stage 2 –4 4 0 –13 27 –15 –2 2 0
Transfer from stage 1 and
stage 2 to stage 3 –1 –6 6 –3 –34 37 0 –2 2
Additions 68 19 24 90 123 477 58 18 5
Utilisation 0 0 –14 0 –3 –177 0 0 0
Reversals –65 –15 –20 –122 –117 –406 –56 –28 –11
Net present value e ct 0 0 2 0 0 52 0 0 0
Exchange rate and
other changes 1 0 0 3 3 46 1 1 0
As of 31 Dec. 2018 122 33 39 199 176 975 40 28 6
In the reporting year, EUR 65 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 54 million) in interest income
was not collected for impaired loans and advances.
The contractual balance outstanding of financial assets that were written o during
the reporting period and that are still subject to enforcement measures amounted to
EUR 71 million as of the reporting date (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 71 million).
104 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

(39) Development of gross carrying amounts in lending business    
Analysis of gross carrying amounts in lending business by class in financial year 2019    
Gross carrying amounts Gross carrying amounts Gross carrying amounts
of loans and advances of loans and advances of o balance sheet
to banks    to customers lending business
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 279,816 453 127 95,650 4,445 17,159 85,421 370 211
Transfer from stage 2                
and stage 3 to stage 1 140 –141 1 354 –354 0 3 –3 0
Transfer from stage 1                
and stage 3 to stage 2 –100 101 –1 –1,656 1,885 –230 –56 56 0
Transfer from stage 1                
and stage 2 to stage 3 –77 –68 145 –279 –357 637 –3 –11 13
Additions 218,472 39 3 17,379 134 280 2,274 5 0
of which recently purchased                
or issued financial assets 195,517 27 0 10,673 5 104 1,685 0 0
of which current business 22,955 12 3 6,706 129 176 589 5 0
Disposals –216,909 –126 –64 –14,682 –1,090 –607 –2,156 –36 –10
of which financial                
assets written oï –216,909 –126 –51 –14,672 –1,090 –493 –2,156 –36 –10
of which default                
on receivables 0 0 –13 –10 0 –114 0 0 0
Changes from non-substantial                
contractual modification 0 0 0 –7 –1 –1 0 0 0
Exchange rate and                
other changes 88 5 –2 997 47 97 –1,333 285 95
As of 31 Dec. 2019 281,429 265 209 97,755 4,708 17,335 84,151 667 310
The gross carrying amount of financial assets whose risk provisioning at the time of
modification was assigned to stages 2 or 3 and which were transferred back to stage 1
during the reporting period amounted to EUR 2 million as of the reporting date
(31 Dec. 2018: EUR 55 million).    
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 105

Analysis of gross carrying amounts in lending business by class in financial year 2018    
Gross carrying amounts Gross carrying amounts Gross carrying amounts
of loans and advances of loans and advances of oï balance sheet
to banks    to customers lending business
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 273,891 451 131 97,070 4,008 17,070 82,351 367 261
Transfer from stage 2                
and stage 3 to stage 1 63 –65 2 451 –451 0 3 –3 0
Transfer from stage 1                
and stage 3 to stage 2 –171 175 –4 –2,098 2,126 –28 –73 73 0
Transfer from stage 1                
and stage 2 to stage 3 –33 –36 69 –421 –394 815 –8 0 8
Additions 158,981 41 5 23,635 150 255 1,268 25 1
of which recently purchased                
or issued financial assets 116,350 29 0 14,646 7 13 1,044 5 1
of which current business 42,630 12 5 8,988 143 242 223 20 0
Disposals –154,224 –115 –75 –23,346 –1,051 –951 –1,070 –60 –8
of which financial                
assets written oï –154,224 –115 –57 –23,337 –1,049 –798 –1,070 –60 –8
of which default                
on receivables 0 0 –19 –9 –2 –153 0 0 0
Changes from non-substantial                
contractual modification 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
Exchange rate and                
other changes 1,310 2 0 358 53 0 2,951 –32 –51
As of 31 Dec. 2018 279,816 453 127 95,650 4,445 17,159 85,421 370 211
(40) Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting                
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Value adjustments to assets under macro fair value hedge accounting    10,887 9,071
The fair values attributable to hedged risks in the hedged portfolios in the at amortised
cost measurement category are included in this item.    
106 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position    

(41) Derivatives designated for hedge accounting
Analysis of derivatives with positive fair values designated for hedge accounting by type of hedging relationship
31 Dec. 2019
31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Micro fair value hedge accounting
10,840
9,354
Macro fair value hedge accounting
19
157
Total
10,859
9,512
Analysis of derivatives with positive fair values designated for hedge accounting by class
31 Dec. 2019
31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Interest-related derivatives
3,822
2,869
Currency-related derivatives
7,038
6,643
Total
10,859
9,512
Only Interest-related derivatives are designated for macro fair value hedge accounting.
Cross-currency swaps are presented under Currency-related derivatives.
(42) Other derivatives
Analysis of Other derivatives with positive fair values by class
31 Dec. 2019
31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Interest-related derivatives
4,314
3,738
Currency-related derivatives
1,069
1,536
Other derivatives
0
0
Total
5,383
5,274
Cross-currency swaps are presented under Currency-related derivatives.
Under Other derivatives are derivatives with positive fair values of EUR 37 million
(31 Dec. 2018: EUR 200 million) attributable to embedded derivatives that are
bifurcated.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 107

(43) Securities and investments    
Analysis of Securities and investments by class    
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Bonds and other fixed-income securities 34,517 32,874
Equity investments 3,242 2,818
Shares in non-consolidated subsidiaries 43 43
Total securities and investments by class 37,802 35,735
Risk provisions for securities and investments –6 –7
Total 37,795 35,729
Development of Risk provisions for securities and investments in financial year 2019
Impairments for expected losses
from securities and investments
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 6 1 0
Additions 4 0 0
Reversals –4 0 0
As of 31 Dec. 2019 6 0 0
Development of Risk provisions for securities and investments in financial year 2018
Impairments for expected losses
from securities and investments
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 6 1 0
Additions 5 0 0
Reversals –5 –1 0
As of 31 Dec. 2018 6 1 0
108 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

Development of gross carrying amounts of the securities and investments measured at amortised cost
in financial year 2019
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019
32,732
35
91
Transfer from stage 2 and stage 3 to stage 1
4
–4
0
Additions
15,380
0
0
of which recently purchased or issued financial assets
15,364
0
0
of which current business
17
0
0
Disposals
–13,957
–30
–13
of which financial assets written oï¬
–13,957
–30
–13
Exchange rate and
other changes
281
–1
0
As of 31 Dec. 2019
34,440
0
77
Development of gross carrying amounts of the securities and investments measured at amortised cost
in financial year 2018
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018
30,455
205
100
Transfer from stage 2 and stage 3 to stage 1
7
–7
0
Additions
13,864
0
0
of which recently purchased or issued financial assets
13,719
0
0
of which current business
145
0
0
Disposals
–11,662
–155
–9
of which financial assets written oï¬
–11,662
–155
–9
Exchange rate and other changes
68
–7
0
As of 31 Dec. 2018
32,732
35
91
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 109

(44) Investments accounted for using the equity method
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Investments accounted for using the equity method 609 514
Total 609 514
The note regarding “Disclosures on shareholdings” contains a list of Investments
accounted for using the equity method.
(45) Property, plant and equipment    
Analysis of Property, plant and equipment by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Land and buildings 872 848
Plant and equipment 80 78
Rights of use arising from leases 68 n/a
Other property, plant and equipment 1 32
Total 1,021 958
There were no additions in 2019 to rights of use arising from leases. Payments in
advance and assets under construction are presented in Other property, plant and
equipment.
Development of Property, plant and equipment in financial year 2019
Acquisition/ Accumulated Net carrying
production cost depreciation, amount
impairment and
reversal of
impairment
losses
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount as of 1 Jan. 2019 1,379 –421 958
Additions/reversals of impairment losses 130 0 130
Disposals –22 18 –4
Depreciation 0 –63 –63
Impairment losses 0 0 0
Carrying amount as of 31 Dec. 2019 1,487 –466 1,021
110 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

Development of Property, plant and equipment in financial year 2018
Acquisition/
Accumulated
Net carrying
production cost
depreciation,
amount
impairment and
reversal of
impairment
losses
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Carrying amount as of 1 Jan. 2018
1,339
–388
950
Additions/reversals of impairment losses
59
0
59
Disposals
–18
17
–1
Depreciation
0
–49
–49
Impairment losses
0
–1
–1
Carrying amount as of 31 Dec. 2018
1,379
–421
958
(46) Intangible assets
Analysis of Intangible assets by class
31 Dec. 2019
31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Software
131
171
Purchased software
90
117
Internally generated software
41
54
Other intangible assets
58
54
Total
188
225
Other intangible assets include, in particular, software under development.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 111

Development of Intangible assets in financial year 2019    
Acquisition/ Accumulated Net carrying
production cost amortisation, amount
impairment and
reversal of
impairment
losses
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount as of 1 Jan. 2019 439 –214 225
Changes in consolidated group 0 0 0
Additions/reversals of impairment losses 33 0 33
Transfers 0 0 0
Disposals –6 6 0
Amortisation 0 –59 –59
Impairment losses 0 –11 –11
Carrying amount as of 31 Dec. 2019 466 –277 188
Development of Intangible assets in financial year 2018    
Acquisition/ Accumulated Net carrying
production cost amortisation, amount
impairment and
reversal of
impairment
losses
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount as of 1 Jan. 2018 397 –145 252
Changes in consolidated group 0 0 0
Additions/reversals of impairment losses 45 0 45
Disposals –3 3 0
Amortisation 0 –63 –63
Impairment losses 0 –9 –9
Carrying amount as of 31 Dec. 2018 439 –214 225
(47) Income tax assets    
Analysis of Income tax assets by type    
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Current income tax assets 45 21
Deferred income tax assets 658 559
Total 703 579
112 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

Current income tax assets result from creditable taxes (investment income tax/solidarity
surcharge) and tax receivables from advance tax payments during financial year 2019.
Deferred income tax assets mostly result from valuation diï¬ erences relating to the
statement of financial position items listed below.
Composition of deferred tax assets by statement of financial position item
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks and customers (incl. risk provisions) 73 69
Securities and investments 20 33
Intangible assets 15 15
Other derivatives (liabilities) 329 251
Provisions 79 58
Other statement of financial position items 0 0
Tax loss carryforwards 142 132
Subtotal 658 559
Oï¬ set against deferred tax liabilities 0 0
Total 658 559
(48) Other assets
Analysis of Other assets by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Other assets and receivables 696 670
Prepaid expenses and deferred charges 27 46
Total 723 716
Prepaid expenses and deferred charges contains financial assets resulting from
contractual rights (“contract assets” in accordance with IFRS 15). These developed as
follows:
Development of assets from contractual rights
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 19 0
Additions 7 19
Disposals –19 0
As of 31 Dec. 7 19
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 113

(49) Liabilities to banks
Analysis of Liabilities to banks by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Money-market transactions 3,165 0
Promissory note loans 1,679 1,931
Other financial liabilities 10,055 6,288
Total 14,899 8,220
Liabilities from cash collateral received are included in Other financial liabilities.
(50) Liabilities to customers
Analysis of Liabilities to customers by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Money-market transactions 202 2,312
Promissory note loans 3,796 4,514
Other financial liabilities 6,133 5,478
Total 10,131 12,303
Liabilities from cash collateral received are included in Other financial liabilities.
(51) Certificated liabilities
Analysis of Certificated liabilities by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Money-market issues 40,633 41,740
Bonds and notes 395,557 376,842
Total 436,191 418,581
114 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

(52) Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Value adjustments to liabilities under macro fair value hedge accounting 77 98
The fair values attributable to formerly hedged risks in the hedged portfolios in the
liabilities at amortised cost measurement category are included in this item.
(53) Derivatives designated for hedge accounting
Analysis of derivatives with negative fair values designated for hedge accounting by type of hedging relationship
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Micro fair value hedge accounting 2,727 6,296
Macro fair value hedge accounting 3,947 3,595
Total 6,674 9,891
Analysis of derivatives with negative fair values designated for hedge accounting by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Interest-related derivatives 4,206 5,029
Currency-related derivatives 2,468 4,862
Total 6,674 9,891
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 115

(54) Other derivatives
Analysis of Other derivatives with negative fair values by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Interest-related derivatives 984 889
Currency-related derivatives 1,470 1,640
Total 2,453 2,529
Cross-currency swaps are presented under Currency-related derivatives.
Under Other derivatives are derivatives with negative fair values of EUR 23 million
(31 Dec. 2018: EUR 13 million) attributable to embedded derivatives that are bifurcated.
(55) Provisions
Analysis of Provisions by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Provisions for pensions and similar commitments 2,523 2,148
Provisions for credit risks 73 73
Other provisions 739 807
Total 3,335 3,028
116 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

Development of Provisions for pensions and similar commitments in financial year 2019
Defined benefit
Early
Partial
obligations
retirement
retirement
Total
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019
2,041
93
14
2,148
Additions
107
1
5
113
Current service cost
64
1
5
70
Past service cost
0
0
0
0
Interest cost
43
0
0
43
Other additions
0
0
0
0
Actuarial gains and losses
323
0
0
323
Changes in demographic assumptions
0
0
0
0
Changes in financial assumptions
325
0
0
325
Changes in experience adjustments
–2
0
0
–2
Utilisation
–47
–10
–4
–62
Reversals
0
0
0
0
Transfers
0
0
0
0
Contributions by members (recognised in equity)
1
0
0
1
Changes in consolidated group
0
0
0
0
As of 31 Dec. 2019
2,424
84
14
2,523
The average expected residual term of the defined benefit pension obligations is
20.7 years as of 31 December 2019 (31 Dec. 2018: 19.0 years).
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 117

Development of Provisions for pensions and similar commitments in financial year 2018
Defined benefit Early Partial Total
obligations retirement retirement
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 1,981 29 14 2,024
Additions 104 75 5 184
Current service cost 65 75 5 146
Past service cost 0 0 0 0
Interest cost 39 0 0 39
Other additions 0 0 0 0
Actuarial gains and losses 0 0 0 0
Changes in demographic assumptions 15 0 0 15
Changes in financial assumptions –77 0 0 –77
Changes in experience adjustments 61 0 0 61
Utilisation –49 –11 –5 –65
Reversals 0 0 0 0
Transfers 0 0 0 0
Contributions by members (recognised in equity) 5 0 0 5
Changes in consolidated group 0 0 0 0
As of 31 Dec. 2018 2,041 93 14 2,148
Provisions for pensions and similar commitments are calculated on the basis of the
new RT 2018 G Heubeck actuarial tables and the following other actuarial assumptions:
Actuarial assumptions in % p.a.    
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
Technical discount rate    1.34 2.07
Rate of salary increases    2.20 2.20
Rate of pension increases    2.50 2.50
Rate of staï¬ turnover    1.84 1.83
The technical discount rate as of 31 December 2019 reflects an adjustment to the
average residual term of the defined benefit pension obligations translating into an
adjustment to the average capital commitment period used.
118 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

Sensitivity of defined benefit pension obligations as of 31 December 2019
Diï¬erence Change in Diï¬erence Change in
defined benefit defined benefit
obligations obligations
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Life expectancy +1 year 107 –1 year –106
Technical discount rate +0.25% –119 –0.25% 129
Rate of salary increases +0.50% 19 –0.50% –18
Rate of pension increases +0.50% 166 –0.50% –95
Rate of staï¬ turnover +1.00% –4 +1.00% 4
Sensitivity of defined benefit pension obligations as of 31 December 2018
Diï¬erence Change in Diï¬erence Change in
defined benefit defined benefit
obligations obligations
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Life expectancy +1 year 85 –1 year –85
Technical discount rate +0.25% –95 –0.25% 102
Rate of salary increases +0.50% 17 –0.50% –16
Rate of pension increases +0.50% 132 –0.50% –80
Rate of staï¬ turnover +1.00% –4 –1.00% 4
Development of Risk provisions for lending business
For the development of Risk provisions for lending business see the note regarding
“Risk provisions for lending business”.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 119

Development of Other provisions in financial year 2019
Obligations to Other Total
employees provisions
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 33 774 807
Additions 7 50 57
Interest cost 0 1 1
Other additions 7 49 57
Utilisation –3 –72 –75
Reversals 0 –51 –51
As of 31 Dec. 2019 37 702 739
The Obligations to employees column shows other long-term employee benefits
including provisions for service anniversaries. Corresponding actuarial reports have
been prepared for these obligations.
An Other provision item in the amount of EUR 24 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 59 million)
is reported due to the interest rate being below the market rate for irrevocable pro-
motional loan commitments with additional promotional funds in the form of interest
rate reductions impacting KfW’s earnings position. Changes to existing provisions are
presented as net additions or, in the case of a decline, as a transfer via the adjust-
ments to the carrying amounts of already disbursed promotional loans recognised on
the assets side under Loans and advances to banks or customers.
Other provisions also comprise obligations arising from the assumption of the opera-
tions of the State Insurance Company of the GDR in liquidation (Staatliche Versicherung
der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik in Abwicklung – “SInA”, an institution under public
law), which are oï¬set by receivables in the same amount from the Federal Agency for
Special Tasks Arising from Unification (Bundesanstalt für vereinigungsbedingte Sonderauf-
gaben – “BvS”) recognised in Other assets.
120 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

Development of Other provisions in financial year 2018
Obligations to Other Total
employees provisions
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 33 760 793
Additions 3 85 88
Interest cost 0 2 2
Other additions 3 83 86
Utilisation –3 –38 –41
Reversals 0 –33 –33
As of 31 Dec. 2018 33 774 807
(56) Income tax liabilities    
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Current income tax liabilities 33 31
Deferred income tax liabilities 325 253
Total 358 284
Current income tax liabilities as of 31 December 2019 primarily consist of tax provi-
sions at the level of taxable companies included in KfW Group.
Deferred income tax liabilities mostly resulted from valuation diï¬erences relating to
the statement of financial position items listed below.
Composition of deferred tax liabilities by statement of financial position item
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Other derivatives (assets) 308 245
Other statement of financial position items 17 8
Total 325 253
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 121

(57) Other liabilities
Analysis of Other liabilities by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Other financial liabilities 399 437
Deferred income 74 104
Lease liabilities 69 n/a
Total 542 540
Deferred income contains liabilities resulting from contractual obligations (“contract
liabilities” in accordance with IFRS 15). These developed as follows:
Development of liabilities from contractual rights
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 35 40
Additions 16 8
Disposals –14 –13
As of 31 Dec. 37 35
122 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position

(58) Equity
Analysis of Equity
31 Dec. 2019
31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Subscribed capital
3,750
3,750
less uncalled outstanding contributions
–450
–450
Paid-in subscribed capital
3,300
3,300
Capital reserve
8,447
8,447
Reserve from the ERP Special Fund
1,191
1,191
Retained earnings
18,742
17,371
Statutory reserve under Article 10 (2) KfW Law
1,875
1,875
Special reserve under Article 10 (3) KfW Law
11,372
10,092
Special reserve less the special loss account from provisioning pursuant to Section 17 (4) of the D-Mark
Balance Sheet Law
21
21
Other retained earnings
5,474
5,383
Fund for general banking risks
600
600
Revaluation reserves
–918
–594
Valuation result from the change in own credit risk of liabilities designated at fair value
through profit or loss
–40
–21
Actuarial gains and losses from defined benefit pension obligations (after tax)
–879
–573
Total
31,362
30,315
Equity forms the basis for the capital available for covering risks, which are matched
against the capital requirements derived from internal management.
For information concerning Equity in relation to risk-bearing capacity see the risk
report in the group management report.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to the statement of financial position | 123

Notes to financial instruments
The diï¬erent IFRS 9 measurement categories are abbreviated as follows in the Notes
to financial instruments:    
ACO = Financial instruments measured at amortised cost
FVM = Financial instruments measured at fair value
FVD = Financial instruments designated at fair value
(59) Gains and losses from financial instruments by measurement category
The following tables show the results from financial instruments included in the diï¬er-
ent statement of comprehensive income items presented by measurement category.
The result from foreign currency translation is not included.
Gains and losses from financial instruments by measurement category in financial year 2019
ACO ACO FVM FVM FVD Deriva- Total
assets liabilities assets liabilities liabilities tives des-
ignated
for hedge
accounting
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
Interest income 5,8291) 0 594 557 0 –3,062 3,918
Interest expense –137 –6,150 241 –276 –478 5,273 –1,528
Risk provisions for lending business –174 0 0 0 0 0 –174
Commission income 6 0 0 0 0 0 6
Commission expense –11 –5 –1 0 0 0 –18
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 2,609 –5,177 0 0 0 2,567 –1
Net gains/losses from other financial                
instruments at fair value through profit or loss 0 0 787 –384 –406 0 –3
Net gains/losses from disposal of financial                
instruments measured at amortised cost –6 0 0 0 0 0 –6
Net other operating income 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Change in revaluation reserves 0 0 0 0 –18 0 –18
Total 8,116 –11,332 1,621 –103 –902 4,778 2,177
1) This includes interest income amounting to EUR 22 million from financial guarantees.    
124 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments    

Gains and losses from financial instruments by measurement category in financial year 2018
ACO ACO FVM FVM FVD Deriva- Total
assets liabilities assets liabilities liabilities tives des-
ignated
for hedge
accounting
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions
Interest income 6,126 0 415 437 0 –3,290 3,687
Interest expense –185 –6,328 318 –204 –492 5,473 –1,419
Risk provisions for lending business –3 0 0 0 0 0 –3
Commission income 8 0 0 0 0 0 8
Commission expense –12 –6 0 0 0 0 –18
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 312 136 0 0 0 32 480
Net gains/losses from other financial                
instruments at fair value through profit or loss 0 0 –338 –47 345 0 –40
Net gains/losses from disposal of financial                
instruments measured at amortised cost 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Net other operating income 0 –1 0 0 0 0 –1
Change in revaluation reserves 0 0 0 0 157 0 157
Total 6,247 –6,199 395 185 11 2,214 2,853
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 125

(60) Statement of financial position for financial instruments
by measurement category    
The following tables show the assets and liabilities from financial instruments
included in the diï¬erent statement of financial position items presented by meas-
urement category.                
Financial assets by measurement category as of 31 December 2019    
Loans Loans Risk pro- Value Deriva- Other Secur- Assets (financial
and and visions adjust- tives deriva- ities and instruments)
advances advances for ments used for tives invest-
to banks to cus- lending from hedge ments
tomers business macro account-    
fair value ing    
hedge    
account-    
ing    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions %
ACO 281,902 119,798 –1,670 10,887 0 0 34,511 445,429 93.9
FVM 9 9,618 0 0 0 5,383 3,285 18,295 3.9
Derivatives designated for                
hedge accounting 0 0 0 0 10,859 0 0 10,859 2.3
Total 281,912 129,416 –1,670 10,887 10,859 5,383 37,795 474,583 100.0
126 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments    

Financial liabilities by measurement category as of 31 December 2019    
Liabilities Liabilities to Certificated Value Derivatives Other Liabilities
to banks customers liabilities adjustments used for derivatives (financial instruments)
from macro hedge    
fair value accounting    
hedge    
accounting    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions %
ACO 14,644 8,667 424,897 77 0 0 448,285 95.3
FVM 0 0 0 0 0 2,453 2,453 0.5
FVD 255 1,464 11,294 0 0 0 13,013 2.8
Derivatives                
designated                
for hedge                
accounting 0 0 0 0 6,674 0 6,674 1.4
Total 14,899 10,131 436,191 77 6,674 2,453 470,425 100.0
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 127

Financial assets by measurement category as of 31 December 2018    
Loans Loans Risk pro- Value Deriva- Other Secur- Assets (financial
and and visions adjust- tives deriva- ities and instruments)
advances advances for ments used for tives invest-
to banks to cus- lending from hedge ments
tomers business macro account-    
fair value ing    
hedge    
account-    
ing    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions millions %
ACO 280,395 117,254 –1,545 9,071 0 0 32,851 438,027 94.1
FVM 18 9,624 0 0 0 5,274 2,877 17,793 3.8
Derivatives designated for                
hedge accounting 0 0 0 0 9,512 0 0 9,512 2.0
Total 280,413 126,878 –1,545 9,071 9,512 5,274 35,729 465,332 100.0
128 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments    

Financial liabilities by measurement category as of 31 December 2018    
Liabilities Liabilities to Certificated Value Derivatives Other Liabilities
to banks customers liabilities adjustments used for derivatives (financial instruments)
from macro hedge    
fair value accounting    
hedge    
accounting    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions millions %
ACO 7,980 10,644 407,614 98 0 0 426,336 94.4
FVM 0 0 0 0 0 2,529 2,529 0.6
FVD 240 1,659 10,967 0 0 0 12,866 2.8
Derivatives                
designated                
for hedge                
accounting 0 0 0 0 9,891 0 9,891 2.2
Total 8,220 12,303 418,581 98 9,891 2,529 451,622 100.0
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 129

(61) Fair values of financial instruments
In the following tables, the fair values of financial instruments are compared with
their carrying amounts. The fair value of the additional balances with central banks
recognised in Cash reserves is their carrying amount. Existing Risk provisions for lend-
ing business are deducted from the carrying amounts of Loans and advances to banks
and customers and Securities and investments.
Fair values of financial instruments as of 31 December 2019
Fair value Carrying Diï¬erence
amount
(statement of
financial
position)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks 290,315 281,670 8,645
Loans and advances to customers 132,383 127,988 4,395
Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting n/a 10,887 –10,887
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 10,859 10,859 0
Other derivatives 5,383 5,383 0
Securities and investments 37,837 37,795 42
Assets 476,778 474,583 2,195
Liabilities to banks 14,960 14,899 60
Liabilities to customers 10,360 10,131 229
Certificated liabilities 437,630 436,191 1,439
Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting n/a 77 –77
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 6,674 6,674 0
Other derivatives 2,453 2,453 0
Liabilities 472,076 470,425 1,652
Interest-related changes in value are also included in measuring the fair value of the
financial instruments. Accordingly, when the comparison is made with the carrying
amount, it is necessary to take into account the changes in value (interest-related)
resulting from the recognition of Loans and advances and borrowings in macro fair
value hedge accounting.
130 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Fair values of financial instruments as of 31 December 2018
Fair value Carrying Diï¬erence amount (statement of financial position) EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks 287,081 280,218 6,862 Loans and advances to customers 129,100 125,528 3,572 Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting n/a 9,071 –9,071 Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 9,512 9,512 0 Other derivatives 5,274 5,274 0 Securities and investments 35,740 35,729 12
Assets 466,707 465,332 1,375
Liabilities to banks 8,334 8,220 114 Liabilities to customers 12,486 12,303 183 Certificated liabilities 419,738 418,581 1,157 Value adjustments from macro fair value hedge accounting n/a 98 –98 Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 9,891 9,891 0 Other derivatives 2,529 2,529 0
Liabilities 452,978 451,622 1,356
(62) Disclosures on methods used to measure financial instruments at fair value
The following tables show the financial instruments measured at fair value or for which the fair value is indicated in the Notes according to the valuation methods used.
Financial instruments measured at fair value are allocated to the following valuation methods:
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 131

Financial assets measured at fair value or for which the fair value is indicated in the Notes, as of 31 December 2019
Quoted Valuation Valuation Total
market price method based method based
on observable in part on
market data market unob-
(model) servable data
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Financial assets measured at fair value    
Loans and advances to banks – FVM 0 0 9 9
Loans and advances to customers – FVM 0 9,432 185 9,618
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 0 10,859 0 10,859
Other derivatives – FVM 0 4,546 837 5,383
Securities and investments – FVM 251 2,192 842 3,285
Subtotal of financial assets measured at fair value 251 27,030 1,874 29,154
Fair values of financial assets carried at amortised cost    
Loans and advances to banks – ACO 1 16,475 273,830 290,305
Loans and advances to customers – ACO 0 906 121,860 122,765
Securities and investments – ACO 27,410 3,917 3,226 34,553
Subtotal of fair values of financial assets    
carried at amortised cost 27,411 21,298 398,915 447,624
Total 27,661 48,327 400,789 476,778
132 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Financial liabilities measured at fair value or for which the fair value is indicated in the Notes, as of 31 December 2019
Quoted
Valuation
Valuation
Total
market price
method based
method based
on observable
in part on
market data
market unob-
(model)
servable data
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Financial liabilities measured at fair value
Liabilities to banks – FVD
0
255
0
255
Liabilities to customers – FVD
0
1,464
0
1,464
Certificated liabilities – FVD
8,138
3,139
16
11,294
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting
0
6,674
0
6,674
Other derivatives – FVM
0
2,404
49
2,453
Subtotal of financial liabilities measured at fair value
8,138
13,936
66
22,140
Fair values of financial liabilities carried at amortised cost
Liabilities to banks – ACO
0
14,703
1
14,704
Liabilities to customers – ACO
0
8,870
26
8,896
Certificated liabilities – ACO
376,435
49,900
2
426,336
Subtotal of fair values of financial liabilities
carried at amortised cost
376,435
73,472
29
449,936
Total
384,573
87,408
95
472,076
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 133

Financial assets measured at fair value or for which the fair value is indicated in the Notes, as of 31 December 2018
Quoted Valuation Valuation Total
market price method based method based
on observable in part on
market data market unob-
(model) servable data
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Financial assets measured at fair value    
Loans and advances to banks – FVM 0 0 17 18
Loans and advances to customers – FVM 0 9,437 186 9,624
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting 0 9,512 0 9,512
Other derivatives – FVM 0 4,700 575 5,274
Securities and investments – FVM 21 2,079 778 2,877
Subtotal of financial assets measured at fair value 21 25,727 1,556 27,305
Fair values of financial assets carried at amortised cost    
Loans and advances to banks – ACO 0 17,890 269,172 287,063
Loans and advances to customers – ACO 0 771 118,705 119,476
Securities and investments – ACO 26,128 6,654 76 32,859
Subtotal of fair values of financial assets    
carried at amortised cost 26,128 25,316 387,953 439,398
Total 26,149 51,043 389,510 466,702
134 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Financial liabilities measured at fair value or for which the fair value is indicated in the Notes, as of 31 December 2018
Quoted
Valuation
Valuation
Total
market price
method based
method based
on observable
in part on
market data
market unob-
(model)
servable data
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Financial liabilities measured at fair value
Liabilities to banks – FVD
0
240
0
240
Liabilities to customers – FVD
0
1,659
0
1,659
Certificated liabilities – FVD
7,649
3,263
55
10,967
Derivatives designated for hedge accounting
0
9,891
0
9,891
Other derivatives – FVM
0
2,432
97
2,529
Subtotal of financial liabilities measured at fair value
7,649
17,485
152
25,287
Fair values of financial liabilities carried at amortised cost
Liabilities to banks – ACO
0
8,094
0
8,094
Liabilities to customers – ACO
0
10,807
20
10,826
Certificated liabilities – ACO
357,038
51,732
0
408,771
Subtotal of fair values of financial liabilities
carried at amortised cost
357,038
70,633
20
427,691
Total
364,688
88,118
172
452,978
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 135

Change of valuation method used for financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value with a transfer
between the “Quoted market price” and “Valuation method based on observable market data (model)”
levels in financial year 2019
Transfers from “Quoted market Transfers from “Valuation method
price” to “Valuation method based based on observable market data
on quoted market prices (model)” (model)” to “Quoted market price”
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Securities and investments – FVM 16 0
Certificated liabilities – FVD 0 0
136 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Change of valuation method used for financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value with a transfer
between the “Quoted market price” and “Valuation method based on observable market data (model)”
levels in financial year 2018
Transfers from “Quoted market Transfers from “Valuation method
price” to “Valuation method based based on observable market data
on quoted market prices (model)” (model)” to “Quoted market price”
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Securities and investments – FVM 9 0
Certificated liabilities – FVD 0 0
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 137

Development of financial assets measured at fair value using valuation methods based in part on unobservable data in
Loans and advances to banks – FVM Loans and advances to customers – FVM
EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 17 186
A. Changes recognised
in the income statement
Net interest and commission income 0 –2
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 –1
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Net gains/losses from other financial instru-
ments at fair value through profit or loss 0 –27
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 –27
Total changes recognised
in the income statement 0 –28
B. Changes recognised directly in equity
Change of valuation method used 0 0
Transfers from “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Transfers to “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Additions 0 51
Disposals –8 –25
Total changes recognised directly in equity –8 25
Exchange rate changes 0 2
Other changes 0 0
As of 31 Dec. 2019 9 185
138 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

financial year 2019
Derivatives designated for
Securities and investments – FVM
Total
hedge accounting and other derivatives
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
575
778
1,556
0
0
–2
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
214
39
226
283
31
288
214
39
224
–1
16
14
0
143
143
–1
–127
–128
0
23
74
0
–25
–59
–1
14
30
21
11
34
29
0
29
837
842
1,874
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 139

Development of financial assets measured at fair value using valuation methods based in part on unobservable data in
Loans and advances to banks – FVM Loans and advances to customers – FVM
EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 29 252
A. Changes recognised
in the income statement
Net interest and commission income 0 –4
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Net gains/losses from other financial instru-
ments at fair value through profit or loss 0 3
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 –26
Total changes recognised
in the income statement 0 –1
B. Changes recognised directly in equity
Change of valuation method used 0 0
Transfers from “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Transfers to “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Additions 0 52
Disposals –12 –118
Total changes recognised directly in equity –12 –67
Exchange rate changes 1 2
Other changes 0 0
As of 31 Dec. 2018 17 186
140 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

financial year 2018
Derivatives designated for
Securities and investments – FVM
Total
hedge accounting and other derivatives
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
631
688
1,600
–3
0
–6
–1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
–70
18
–49
–25
20
–31
–73
18
–56
0
66
66
0
0
0
0
66
66
0
32
84
0
–36
–166
0
63
–16
–3
6
5
19
3
22
575
778
1,556
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 141

Development of financial liabilities measured at fair value using valuation methods based in part on unobservable data
Liabilities to banks – FVD Liabilities to customers – FVD
EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2019 0 0
A. Changes recognised
in the income statement
Net interest and commission income 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Net gains/losses from other financial instru-
ments at fair value through profit or loss 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Total changes recognised
in the income statement 0 0
B. Changes recognised directly in equity
Change in revaluation reserves 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Change of valuation method used 0 0
Transfers from “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Transfers to “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Additions 0 0
Disposals 0 0
Total changes recognised directly in equity 0 0
Exchange rate changes 0 0
Other changes 0 0
As of 31 Dec. 2019 0 0
142 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

in financial year 2019
Certificated liabilities – FVD
Derivatives designated for
Total
hedge accounting and other derivatives
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
55
97
152
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
–75
–73
2
–73
–71
3
–75
–73
0
0
0
0
0
0
–42
–1
–43
0
0
0
–42
–1
–43
0
0
0
0
–1
–1
–42
–2
–44
1
0
1
0
29
29
16
49
66
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 143

Development of financial liabilities measured at fair value using valuation methods based in part on unobservable data
Liabilities to banks – FVD Liabilities to customers – FVD
EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. 2018 0 0
A. Changes recognised
in the income statement
Net interest and commission income 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Net gains/losses from hedge accounting 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Net gains/losses from other financial instru-
ments at fair value through profit or loss 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Total changes recognised
in the income statement 0 0
B. Changes recognised directly in equity
Change in revaluation reserves 0 0
Contracts still valid at year-end 0 0
Change of valuation method used 0 0
Transfers from “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Transfers to “Quoted market price”
and “Valuation method based on
observable market data (model)” 0 0
Additions 0 0
Disposals 0 0
Total changes recognised directly in equity 0 0
Exchange rate changes 0 0
Other changes 0 0
As of 31 Dec. 2018 0 0
144 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

in financial year 2018
Certificated liabilities – FVD
Derivatives designated for
Total
hedge accounting and other derivatives
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
160
86
246
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
–21
–15
–35
–5
–12
–17
–21
–13
–34
–4
0
–4
–2
0
–2
–88
–1
–89
4
2
6
–92
–3
–95
0
–1
–1
0
5
5
–92
3
–89
8
2
11
0
19
19
55
97
152
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 145

The following tables show how an alternative determination of relevant unobservable
data, i.e. values in best and worst case scenarios, would impact fair values for signifi-
cant products allocated to this level.
Information on unobservable data as of 31 December 2019
Valuation Relevant unobservable data with Range
Major products method used alternative determination
Loans and advances to customers Discounted Credit spread –500 to +2,000
cash flow method1) basis points
Internal spread –6 to +45
basis points
Risk costs +/– 10%
Securities and investments from equity Discounted Cost of capital 0.5% to 1.5%
finance business cash flow method2) (absolute fluctuation)
Long-term result 5%
(relative fluctuation)
Risk costs +/– 10%
Derivatives with positive or negative Discounted Expected risk-free customer margin 7% to 13%
fair values, which comprise a hedging cash flow method
instrument for customers with    
respect to export and project finance    
Certificated liabilities Option pricing model Correlations +/-500 basis points
1) If the credit spread and the internal spread could not be used for valuation purposes, the sensitivities were calculated on the basis of the cost of risk.
2) If the cost of capital and the long-term result could not be used for valuation, the sensitivities were calculated on the basis of the cost of risk.
146 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Information on unobservable data as of 31 December 2018
Valuation Relevant unobservable data with Range
Major products method used alternative determination
Loans and advances to customers Discounted Credit spread –500 to +3,000
cash flow method1) basis points
Internal spread –45 to +25
basis points
Risk costs +/– 10%
Securities and investments from equity Discounted Cost of capital 0.5% to 1.5%
finance business cash flow method2) (absolute fluctuation)
Long-term result 5%
(relative fluctuation)
Risk costs +/– 10%
Derivatives with positive or negative Discounted Expected risk-free customer margin 7% to 13%
fair values, which comprise a hedging cash flow method
instrument for customers with    
respect to export and project finance    
Certificated liabilities Option pricing model Correlations +/-500 basis points
1) If the credit spread and the internal spread could not be used for valuation purposes, the sensitivities were calculated on the basis of the cost of risk.
2) If the cost of capital and the long-term result could not be used for valuation, the sensitivities were calculated on the basis of the cost of risk.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 147

Sensitivity analysis for the financial assets measured at fair value using valuation methods based in part
on unobservable data as of 31 December 2019    
Best case Reported value Worst case
scenario scenario
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances to customers – FVM 203 185 166
Other derivatives – FVM 843 837 831
Securities and investments – FVM 956 842 758
Total 2,001 1,864 1,755
Sensitivity analysis for the financial liabilities measured at fair value using valuation methods based in part
on unobservable data as of 31 December 2019    
Best case Reported value Worst case
scenario scenario
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Certificated liabilities – FVD 16 16 16
Other derivatives – FVM 49 49 50
Total 65 66 66
Sensitivity analysis for the financial assets measured at fair value using    
valuation methods based in part on unobservable data as of 31 December 2018
Best case Reported value Worst case
scenario scenario
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances to customers – FVM 201 186 169
Other derivatives – FVM 580 575 569
Securities and investments – FVM 876 778 709
Total 1,656 1,539 1,447
Sensitivity analysis for the financial liabilities measured at fair value using
valuation methods based in part on unobservable data as of 31 December 2018
Best case Reported value Worst case
scenario scenario
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Certificated liabilities – FVD 55 55 55
Other derivatives – FVM 96 97 98
Total 151 152 153
148 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

(63) Disclosures on micro fair value hedge accounting    
Disclosures on hedged items in micro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2019
Carrying Accumulated Hedge fair Statement of financial Fair value
amount of hedge fair value position items changes in
hedged items value adjustment to in which the hedged hedged items
adjustment be amortised items are reported to determine
(fair value of (discontinued hedge
the hedged risk hedge ineï¬ectiveness
for the relationships) (income state-
hedged item)    ment effect –
hedged items)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets    
Interest risk    
Bonds 26,301 428 0 Securities and investments 204
Interest-currency risk    
Bonds 219 1 0 Securities and investments 0
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Promissory note loans    Liabilities to banks;
2,254 412 3 liabilities to customers –44
Certificated liabilities 141,458 4,613 649 Certificated liabilities –3,162
Interest-currency risk    
Promissory note loans    Liabilities to banks;
0 0 0 liabilities to customers 0
Certificated liabilities 148,741 4,003 –2 Certificated liabilities –1,993
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 149

Disclosures on hedged items in micro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2018
Carrying Accumulated Hedge fair Statement of financial position Fair value
amount of hedge fair value items in which the hedged changes in
hedged items value adjustment to items are reported hedged items
adjustment be amortised to determine
(fair value of (discontinued hedge
the hedged risk hedge ineï¬ectiveness
for the relationships) (income state-
hedged item)    ment effect –
hedged items)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets    
Interest risk    
Bonds 23,880 224 0 Securities and investments 99
Interest-currency risk    
Bonds 215 1 0 Securities and investments 1
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Promissory note loans    Liabilities to banks;
6,296 367 4 liabilities to customers 50
Certificated liabilities 113,554 1,435 1,193 Certificated liabilities –386
Interest-currency risk    
Promissory note loans    Liabilities to banks;
0 0 0 liabilities to customers 0
Certificated liabilities 144,221 1,903 –2 Certificated liabilities 444
150 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Disclosures on hedging instruments in micro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2019
Par value
Carrying
Statement
Fair value
Average
of hedging
amount of
of financial
changes in
interest rate
instruments
hedging
position items
hedging instru-
of hedging
instruments
in which the
ments to deter-
instruments
hedging instru-
mine hedge
ments are
ineffectiveness
reported
(income state-
ment effect –
hedging
instruments)
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
%
Assets
Interest risk
Interest-related transactions: interest
Derivatives
rate swap
designated for
140,692
3,802
hedge accounting
–199
1.4
Interest-currency risk
Currency-related transactions:
Derivatives
cross-currency interest rate swap
designated for
154,793
7,038
hedge accounting
0
1.81)
Liabilities and equity
Interest risk
Interest-related transactions:
Derivatives
interest rate swap
designated for
28,641
260
hedge accounting
3,202
1.6
Interest-currency risk
Currency-related transactions:
Derivatives
cross-currency interest rate swap
designated for
70,799
2,468
hedge accounting
2,011
3.21)
1) Cross-currency interest rate swaps are primarily used to hedge interest risks, but also to hedge foreign currency risks. The difference between the average interest
rate of the interest rate swaps and the cross-currency interest rate swaps results from the different interest rate of the hedged currencies, among other factors.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 151

Disclosures on hedging instruments in micro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2018
Par value Carrying Statement Fair value Average
of hedging amount of of financial changes in interest rate
instruments hedging position items hedging instru- of hedging
instruments in which the ments to deter- instruments
hedging instru- mine hedge
ments are ineffectiveness
reported (income state-
ment effect –
hedging instru-
ments)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions %
Assets    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions: interest    Derivatives
rate swap    designated for
92,950 2,712 hedge accounting –96 1.4
Interest-currency risk    
Currency-related transactions:    Derivatives
cross-currency interest rate swap    designated for
84,707 6,643 hedge accounting –1 2.91)
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    Derivatives
interest rate swap    designated for
36,058 1,434 hedge accounting 364 1.9
Interest-currency risk    
Currency-related transactions:    Derivatives
cross-currency interest rate swap    designated for
163,884 4,862 hedge accounting –437 2.61)
1) Cross-currency interest rate swaps are primarily used to hedge interest risks, but also to hedge foreign currency risks. The difference between the average interest
rate of the interest rate swaps and the cross-currency interest rate swaps results from the different interest rate of the hedged currencies, among other factors.
Analysis of par values of hedging instruments by hedge relationship according to remaining terms as of 31 December 2019
In up to Between Between Between In more
one month 1 and 3 months 3 months and 1 year and than 5 years
Due    1 year 5 years
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    
interest rate swap 3,134 500 6,955 78,760 51,342
Interest-currency risk    
Currency-related transactions:    
cross-currency interest rate swap 7,404 260 33,313 95,471 18,345
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    
interest rate swap 363 135 2,887 17,221 8,034
Interest-currency risk    
Currency-related transactions:    
cross-currency interest rate swap 1,028 288 27,987 31,712 9,785
152 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Analysis of par values of hedging instruments by hedge relationship according to remaining terms as of 31 December 2018
In up to Between Between Between In more
one month 1 and 3 months 3 months and 1 year and than 5 years
Due    1 year 5 years
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    
interest rate swap 3,200 2,915 3,392 43,246 40,197
Interest-currency risk    
Currency-related transactions:    
cross-currency interest rate swap 36 3,953 18,833 47,347 14,538
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    
interest rate swap 302 659 3,863 17,991 13,242
Interest-currency risk    
Currency-related transactions:    
cross-currency interest rate swap 1,317 4,072 35,524 104,880 18,091
(64) Disclosures on macro fair value hedge accounting    
Disclosures on hedged items in macro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2019
Statement of financial position
items in which the hedged items
are reported
Carrying Value adjust- Value adjust- Carrying Value adjust- Fair value
amount of ment from ment from amount before ment from changes in
hedged items macro fair macro fair value adjust- macro fair hedged items
value hedge value hedge ment from value hedge to determine
accounting accounting to macro fair accounting hedge ineffectiveness
be amortised value hedge tiveness
(discontinued accounting (income state-
hedge    ment effect –
relationships)    hedged items)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions    EUR in millions
Interest risk    
Assets    Loans and
advances to Value adjustment
banks; loans from macro fair
and advances value hedge
193,602 10,887 764 to customers accounting 2,405
Liabilities and equity    Liabilities Value adjustment
to banks; from macro fair
liabilities value hedge
0 77 77 to customers accounting 23
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 153

Disclosures on hedged items in macro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2018
Statement of financial position
items in which the hedged items
are reported
Carrying Value adjust- Value adjust- Carrying Value adjust- Fair value
amount of ment from ment from amount before ment from changes in
hedged items macro fair macro fair value adjust- macro fair hedged items
value hedge value hedge ment from value hedge to determine
accounting accounting to macro fair accounting hedge ineffectiveness
be amortised value hedge tiveness
(discontinued accounting (income state-
hedge    ment effect –
relationships)    hedged items)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions    EUR in millions
Interest risk    
Assets    Loans and
advances to Value adjustment
banks; loans from macro fair
and advances value hedge
171,009 9,071 1,359 to customers accounting 212
Liabilities and equity    Liabilities Value adjustment
to banks; from macro fair
liabilities value hedge
0 98 98 to customers accounting 28
Disclosures on hedging instruments in macro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2019
Par value Carrying Statement of Fair value
of hedging amount of financial changes in
instruments hedging position items hedging instru-
instruments in which the ments to deter-
hedging mine hedge
instruments are ineffectiveness
reported (income state-
ment effect –
hedging
instruments)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    Derivatives
interest rate swap    designated for
18,905 19 hedge accounting 96
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    Derivatives
interest rate swap    designated for
178,405 3,947 hedge accounting –2,542
154 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Disclosures on hedging instruments in macro fair value hedge accounting by risk type – 2018
Par value Carrying Statement of Fair value
of hedging amount of financial changes in
instruments hedging position items hedging instru-
instruments in which the ments to deter-
hedging mine hedge
instruments are ineffectiveness
reported (income state-
ment effect –
hedging
instruments)
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    Derivatives
interest rate swap    designated for
19,973 157 hedge accounting –244
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    Derivatives
interest rate swap    designated for
165,288 3,595 hedge accounting 446
Analysis of par values of hedging instruments according to remaining terms as of 31 December 2019
Between Between
In up to Between 3 months and 1 year and In more
Due one month 1 and 3 months 1 year 5 years than 5 years
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    
interest rate swap 300 0 589 8,329 9,687
Liabilities and equity    
Interest risk    
Interest-related transactions:    
interest rate swap 1,825 1,375 13,076 85,198 76,930
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 155

Analysis of par values of hedging instruments by remaining terms as of 31 December 2018
Between Between
In up to Between 3 months and 1 year and In more
Due one month 1 and 3 months 1 year 5 years than 5 years
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Assets                
Interest risk                
Interest-related transactions:                
interest rate swap 0 9 1,275 6,437 12,253
Liabilities and equity                
Interest risk                
Interest-related transactions:                
interest rate swap 957 800 9,085 79,415 75,031
(65) Additional disclosures on derivatives    
Analysis of derivatives by class                
Par value Fair values Fair values
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
31 Dec. 31 Dec. positive negative positive negative
2019 2018    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
Interest-related derivatives 490,412 454,253 8,134 5,188 6,593 5,913
Currency-related derivatives 200,301 196,941 8,072 3,916 7,993 6,494
Credit derivatives 0 10 0 0 0 0
Total 690,714 651,203 16,205 9,104 14,586 12,407
Cross-currency swaps are presented under Currency-related derivatives.
156 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments    

Analysis of derivatives by counterparty    
Fair values Fair values
Par value 31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
31 Dec. 31 Dec. positive negative positive negative
2019 2018    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
OECD banks 677,606 638,428 15,368 8,978 13,987 12,165
Non-OECD banks 189 441 0 4 0 14
Other counterparties 10,554 9,966 816 28 586 74
Public sector 2,365 2,369 22 94 13 154
Total 690,714 651,203 16,205 9,104 14,586 12,407
The analysis includes financial and credit derivatives which are presented in the
items Derivatives designated for hedge accounting and Other derivatives. Embedded
derivatives that must be bifurcated are not included.
The economic hedge effect of financial derivatives with an aggregate principal
amount of EUR 613.8 billion (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 585.0 billion) is reflected in the
accounts; it was not possible to reflect the risk-mitigating impact of the remaining
financial derivatives in the accounts (hedge accounting).
Unchanged from 31 December 2018, KfW Group did not pledge any collateral (in the
form of securities) under derivative transactions that can be resold or repledged at
any time without payments being past due.    
However, liquid collateral totalling EUR 1,197 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 2,851 million)
was provided, which was recognised in Loans and advances to banks and customers.
Unchanged from 31 December 2018, KfW Group did not receive any collateral (in the
form of securities) under derivative transactions that can be resold or repledged at
any time without payments by the protection seller being past due.
However, liquid collateral totalling EUR 8,846 million (31 Dec. 2018: 4,978 million)
was received, which was recognised in Liabilities to banks and customers.
The volume of initial differences between the transaction price and model value arising
from the use of a valuation technique that makes significant use of unobservable
data which have yet to be amortised over the life of the financial instrument developed
as follows during the reporting period:    
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 157

Day one profit or loss
2019 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
As of 1 Jan. –93 –91
Addition –23 –14
Reversal 14 13
Exchange rate changes –2 –1
As of 31 Dec. –104 –93
The net gains/losses from financial derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting
includes amortisation effects in the amount of EUR 8 million (2018: EUR 9 million).
(66) Additional disclosures on Liabilities to banks
Disclosures on Liabilities to banks designated at fair value through profit or loss
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount 255 240
Repayment amount at maturity 245 245
Difference –10 5
Of the difference between the repayment amount at maturity and the carrying
amount, EUR 0 million (previous year: EUR 0 million) is attributable to borrowings for
which the repayment amount builds up as a result of the capitalisation over time of
interest due.
(67) Additional disclosures on Liabilities to customers
Disclosures on Liabilities to customers designated at fair value through profit or loss
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount 1,464 1,659
Repayment amount at maturity 2,234 2,765
Difference 770 1,105
Of the difference between the repayment amount at maturity and the carrying
amount, EUR 772 million (31 Dec. 2018: 1,105 million) is attributable to borrowings
for which the repayment amount builds up as a result of the capitalisation over
time of interest due.
158 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

(68) Additional disclosures on Certificated liabilities    
Disclosures on certificated liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount    11,294 10,967
Repayment amount at maturity    12,267 12,905
Difference    973 1,938
Of the difference between the repayment amount at maturity and the carrying
amount, 2,220 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 3,115 million) is attributable to borrowings
for which the repayment amount builds up as a result of the capitalisation over time
of interest due.    
(69) Contractual payment obligations arising from financial instruments
Analysis of payment obligations by maturity range as of 31 December 20191)
Up to More than More than More than More than Total
1 month 1 and up 3 months 1 and up 5 years
to 3 months and up to 5 years
to 1 year
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
Liabilities to banks and customers 9,537 2,763 574 1,406 12,457 26,736
Certificated liabilities 36,347 25,058 53,542 224,913 107,964 447,824
Net obligations arising from    
derivative financial instruments –1,118 –561 –2,530 –6,928 –5,288 –16,425
thereof Gross obligations arising from    
derivative financial instruments 26,520 22,764 44,307 90,134 31,102 214,827
Obligations arising from on-balance    
sheet financial instruments 44,766 27,260 51,586 219,391 115,132 458,135
Obligations arising from off-balance    
sheet transactions 87,327 0 0 0 0 87,327
Total 132,093 27,260 51,586 219,391 115,132 545,462
1) The net liabilities under derivative financial instruments comprise payment obligations which are offset against the corresponding payment claims from
derivative contracts; the gross liabilities are reported as liabilities under derivative financial instruments. Off-balance sheet transactions are generally allocated
to the first maturity range.    
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 159

Analysis of payment obligations by maturity range as of 31 December 20181)
Up to More than More than More than More than Total
1 month 1 and up 3 months 1 and up 5 years
to 3 months and up to 5 years
to 1 year
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
Liabilities to banks and customers 5,311 59 2,999 1,448 12,878 22,694
Certificated liabilities 23,277 27,882 64,737 213,225 108,050 437,170
Net obligations arising from    
derivative financial instruments –247 –44 –1,936 –2,406 –3,491 –8,123
thereof Gross obligations arising from    
derivative financial instruments 11,710 19,141 50,230 105,942 36,420 223,442
Obligations arising from on-balance    
sheet financial instruments 28,341 27,897 65,800 212,268 117,436 451,742
Obligations arising from off-balance    
sheet transactions 88,212 0 0 0 0 88,212
Total 116,553 27,897 65,800 212,268 117,436 539,954
1) The net liabilities under derivative financial instruments comprise payment obligations which are offset against the corresponding payment claims from
derivative contracts; the gross liabilities are reported as liabilities under derivative financial instruments. Off-balance sheet transactions are generally allocated
to the first maturity range.    
The maturity analysis of lease liabilities as lessee is reported under Other notes (in
the “Leasing transactions as lessee” section).
(70) Disclosures on repurchase agreements    
Disclosures on repo transactions    
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount of securities sold under repo transactions that continue to be    
recognised in Securities and investments    217 126
Liabilities to banks (countervalue)    217 121
The fair value of interest-bearing securities sold under repo transactions that con-
tinue to be recognised in Securities and investments totals EUR 217 million
(31 Dec. 2018: EUR 125 million). The fair value of the corresponding repayment
obligations is EUR 217 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 121 million).
160 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Moreover, as in 2018, KfW Group did not pledge any collateral (in the form of securities)
under repo transactions that can be resold or repledged at any time without pay-
ments being past due.
As in 2018, the group did not receive any collateral (in the form of securities) under
repo transactions that can be resold or repledged at any time without payments being
past due.
As in 2018, the group neither pledged nor accepted any liquid collateral.
Disclosures on reverse repo transactions
31 Dec. 2019
31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions
EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks (countervalue)
2,274
3,027
Loans and advances to customers (countervalue)
0
0
Total
2,274
3,027
The fair value of interest-bearing securities purchased under reverse repos that are
not recognised amounts to EUR 2,335 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 3,145 million).
Moreover, KfW Group did not receive any collateral (in the form of securities) under
reverse repo transactions that can be resold or repledged at any time without pay-
ments by the protection seller being past due, unchanged from 31 December 2018.
The group did not pledge any collateral (in the form of securities) under reverse repo
transactions that can be resold or repledged at any time without payments being past
due, unchanged from 31 December 2018.
As in 2018, the group neither pledged nor accepted any liquid collateral.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 161

(71) Disclosure on offsetting financial instruments
KfW uses the EUREX central clearing system to settle part of its derivative transactions. This form of settling derivative transactions results in the recognition of a net amount in the statement of financial position for the transactions affected, as the involvement of EUREX as the central counterparty (CCP) meets all of the requirements for offsetting as set out in the relevant IFRS standard. This means that positive and negative fair values of derivatives for which EUREX acts as the central counterparty are offset against the corresponding collateral and reported in a net item in the statement of financial position.
For securities repo transactions (reverse repos and repos) for which EUREX acts as the central counterparty, offsetting is performed for receivables and liabilities provided that relevant IFRS requirements are met.
In addition, framework agreements featuring netting agreements are in place between KfW and its business partners for OTC derivatives and securities repo transactions.
One form of netting is close-out netting, which provides for the extinction of all rights and obligations relating to individual transactions under the framework agreement upon termination of said framework agreement by the contractual partner, or upon the latter’s insolvency, with the rights and obligations replaced by a single compensation claim (or obligation) in the amount of the net replacement costs of the terminated individual transactions. This does not represent a present legal claim for offsetting.
Close-out netting is not to be confused with the offsetting of payments in normal business. The same framework agreement provides for the latter case, that payments due on the same day and in the same currency may be offset and a net payment made instead of each individual payment (payment netting). This represents a present legal claim for offsetting.
162 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

KfW’s framework agreements relating to bilateral OTC derivatives (not in central clearing) all include close-out netting agreements with the business partners. Payment netting is limited in the agreement to the relevant individual transaction, so that multiple transaction payment netting does not occur. The requirements for offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities are therefore not met for these KfW OTC derivatives.
KfW’s framework agreements for repo transactions include close-out netting agreements and, in some cases, payment netting agreements with the business partners as well. However, as KfW does not, as a rule, perform multiple transaction payment netting with repo transactions, the requirements for the offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities are not met for such KfW repo transactions.
In accordance with the collateral agreements concluded for OTC derivatives and repo transactions, the values of the available collateral are used in determining the single compensation claim (or obligation) in close-out netting. Both cash and securities are permitted forms of collateral under the existing collateral agreements between KfW and its business partners. The collateral agreements provide for a transfer of title in the case of securities as collateral. Consequently, the transferred securities are not subject to any selling or pledging restrictions.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 163

Disclosures on financial assets with netting agreements as of 31 December 2019
Carrying Netted figure Reported Carrying Fair value of Total net
amount of as carrying financial amount of collateral amount
financial amount of assets non-offsettable received
assets before financial (net amount) financial
oïfferencsetting liabilities liabilities
(gross (gross    
amount) amount)    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
OTC derivatives 21,416 6,044 15,372 7,419 7,920 33
Reverse repos 2,274 0 2,274 217 2,056 0
Total 23,689 6,044 17,646 7,636 9,976 33
Disclosures on financial liabilities with netting agreements as of 31 December 2019
Carrying Netted figure Reported Carrying Fair value of Total net
amount of as carrying financial amount of collateral amount
financial amount of liabilities non-offsettable pledged
liabilities financial (net amount) financial
before off- assets (gross assets
setting (gross amount)    
amount)    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
OTC derivatives 17,839 8,8581) 8,981 7,419 1,185 376
Repos 217 0 217 217 0 0
Total 18,056 8,858 9,198 7,636 1,185 376
1) Thereof receivables from cash collateral for OTC derivatives with EUREX as the central counterparty in the amount of EUR 2,815 million
In addition to the net amount, the items Derivatives designated for hedge accounting
and Other derivatives also include bifurcated embedded derivatives not subject to
netting agreements.    
Receivables from reverse repo transactions are reported under Loans and advances
to banks and customers.    
164 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments

Disclosures on financial assets with netting agreements as of 31 December 2018
Carrying Netted figure Reported Carrying Fair value of Total net
amount of as carrying financial amount of collateral amount
financial amount of assets non-offsettable received
assets before financial (net amount) financial
offsetting liabilities liabilities
(gross (gross    
amount) amount)    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
OTC derivatives 16,795 2,778 14,017 8,997 4,830 190
Reverse repos 3,027 0 3,027 121 2,893 12
Total 19,822 2,778 17,044 9,119 7,723 202
Disclosures on financial liabilities with netting agreements as of 31 December 2018
Carrying Netted figure Reported Carrying Fair value of Total net
amount of as carrying financial amount of collateral amount
financial amount of liabilities non-offsettable pledged
liabilities financial (net amount) financial
before off- assets (gross assets
setting (gross amount)    
amount)    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
millions millions millions millions millions millions
OTC derivatives 18,820 6,6411) 12,179 8,997 2,835 347
Repos 121 0 121 121 0 0
Total 18,942 6,641 12,300 9,119 2,835 347
1) Thereof receivables from cash collateral for OTC derivatives with EUREX as the central counterparty in the amount of EUR 3,863 million
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Notes to financial instruments | 165

Other notes
(72) Off-balance sheet transactions
Analysis by class
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Irrevocable loan commitments 83,108 84,116
Financial guarantee contracts 1,375 1,145
Contingent liabilities from financial guarantees 1,275 1,166
Other contingent liabilities 2,048 1,711
Total 87,806 88,139
All off-balance-sheet transactions are disclosed in the Notes at their par values less
any related provisions.
Other contingent liabilities include payment obligations attributable to equity invest-
ments which are not fully paid up and do not have to be consolidated.
As part of the sale of its stake in Deutsche Industriebank (“IKB”) in 2008, KfW agreed
to indemnify IKB for certain legal risks up to a certain amount. As of the end of the
reporting period, no proceedings are pending against IKB which are relevant in this
context.
In accordance with IAS 37.92, no further disclosures on contingent liabilities were made.
(73) Trust activities and administered loans
Analysis of trust activities by class (transactions in KfW’s own name but for the account of third parties)
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Loans and advances to banks 839 912
Loans and advances to customers 10,840 11,297
Securities and investments 5,196 4,623
Assets held in trust 16,875 16,832
Liabilities to banks 0 0
Liabilities to customers 16,875 16,832
Liabilities held in trust 16,875 16,832
EUR 12,494 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 12,439 million) of the assets held in trust is
attributable to the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging
economies. Additional transactions with the Federal Government as trustor in the
amount of EUR 3,552 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 3,567 million) are transactions man-
dated by the German Federal Government in accordance with Article 2 (4) of the
KfW Law and are included in Securities and investments.
166 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes

Volume of administered loans granted (loans in the name and for the account of third parties)
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
EUR in millions EUR in millions
Administered loans    18,646 17,975
(74) Leasing transactions as lessee    
Disclosures on lessee agreements as of 31 December 2019    
Due within Due in Due in more Total
one year between one than five years
and five years
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Lease liabilities (undiscounted) 11 45 14 70
Disclosures on lessee agreements as of 31 December 2018    
Due within Due in Due in more Total
one year between one than five years
and five years
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Operating leases    
Future minimum lease payments 16 58 6 80
Contracts where the group is a lessee (including real estate leases) disclosed the
previous year were classified as operating leases; the corresponding rental payments
were included in Administrative expense in the previous year.
The small number of contracts in which KfW Group acts as a lessor are classified as
operating leases. The corresponding rental income is recognised in Other operating
income.    
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 167

(75) Average number of employees during the financial year
2019 2018
Female employees 3,243 3,081
Male employees 3,462 3,294
Total 6,705 6,376
Staff not covered by collective agreements 4,669 4,474
Staff covered by collective agreements 2,036 1,902
(76) Remuneration report
The remuneration report describes the basic structure of the remuneration plan for
members of the Executive Board and Board of Supervisory Directors; it also discloses
their remuneration on an individual basis.
Overview of total remuneration of members of the Executive Board and Board of Supervisory Directors
2019 2018
EUR in EUR in
thousands thousands
Members of the Executive Board 3,643.2 3,132.1
Former members of the Executive Board and their surviving dependants 4,674.9 4,767.7
Members of the Board of Supervisory Directors 190.6 185.0
Total 8,508.7 8,084.8
Remuneration of the Executive Board
The remuneration system for KfW’s Executive Board is aimed at appropriately com-
pensating members of the Executive Board for their duties and responsibilities.
Executive Board contracts are drawn up based on the 1992 version of the policy for
hiring executive board members at credit institutions of the Federal Government
(Grundsätze für die Anstellung der Vorstandsmitglieder bei den Kreditinstituten des Bun-
des). The Federal Public Corporate Governance Code (Public Corporate Governance
Kodex des Bundes – “PCGK”) is taken into account when drawing up contracts. Each
contract is individualised accordingly on this basis.
168 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes

Components of remuneration    
The Executive Board members receive fixed monetary remuneration paid in equal
monthly instalments.    
The following table shows total remuneration, broken down into remuneration compo-
nents and other forms of remuneration, as well as additions to pension provisions
for the individual members of the Executive Board.    
Annual remuneration of the Executive Board and additions to pension provisions in financial years 2019 and 20181)
Salary Other remuneration Total Additions to pension
provisions2)
2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
thou- thou- thou- thou- thou- thou- thou- thou-
sands sands sands sands sands sands sands sands
Dr Günther Bräunig (Chief Executive Officer) 772.5 760.4 30.7 30.7 803.2 791.1 868.4 280.6
Dr Ingrid Hengster 555.7 544.1 37.0 36.7 592.7 580.8 954.7 371.7
Melanie Kehr3) 436.8 – 29.5 – 466.3 – 313.0 –
Bernd Loewen 613.2 597.6 40.1 39.4 653.3 637.0 1,168.1 123.2
Prof. Dr Joachim Nagel 535.0 526.7 27.1 35.1 562.1 561.8 808.6 376.5
Dr Stefan Peiß 543.1 534.6 22.5 26.8 565.6 561.4 1,017.8 72.9
Total 3,456.3 2,963.4 186.9 168.7 3,643.2 3,132.1 5,130.6 1,224.9
1) Amounts in the table are subject to rounding differences.                
2) The discount rate for pension obligations decreased in 2019 due to the development in long-term capital market rates    
from 2.07% (31 Dec. 2018) to 1.34% (31 Dec. 2019).                
3) From 1 March 2019                
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 169

Responsibilities
The Presidial and Nomination Committee has discussed the Executive Board remuneration system including contract components since the committee structure was modified in accordance with the applicable Section 25d of the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz – “KWG”) and adopts and regularly reviews it. The Presidial and Nomination Committee is advised on these matters by the Remuneration Committee, which in turn considers the results of certain analyses of the Risk and Credit Committee regarding the incentive eïffects of the remuneration systems. Likewise after consulting with the Remuneration Committee on the matter, the Board of Supervisory Directors decides upon the basic structure of the Executive Board’s remuneration system.
The Presidial and Nomination Committee discussed remuneration issues during the reporting year, on 8 April 2019 and 11 December 2019, and on 11 December 2019 resolved an adjustment to Executive Board remunerations.
Fringe benefits
Other remuneration largely comprises the contractual fringe benefits. Executive Board members are entitled to a company car with driver services for business and personal use. Executive Board members reimburse KfW for using a company car with a driver for private purposes in accordance with applicable tax regulations. They are reimbursed under tax regulations for the cost of maintaining a second home for business reasons.
Executive Board members are insured under a group accident insurance policy. Allowances are provided for health and long-term care insurance. Executive Board members are covered by a directors and officers liability insurance policy, which insures them against the risks of financial loss associated with their actions in their capacity as Executive Board members and by a supplemental legal expenses insurance policy. KfW Executive Board members acting in their management capacity are also protected by a special legal expenses group policy for employees covering criminal activities.
No remuneration is paid to members of the Executive Board for assuming executive body functions at group companies.
170 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes

As with all other executives, Executive Board members may also opt to participate in the deferred remuneration programme – a supplemental company pension scheme financed via tax-free salary conversion. Moreover, they are entitled to anniversary bonuses in accordance with KfW’s general company policy.
In addition, the fringe benefits contain the cost of security systems at Executive Board members’ homes; these benefits are not recognised as Other remuneration but as Non-personnel expenses.
The contractual fringe benefits are subject to taxation as benefits in money’s worth for Executive Board members if they cannot be granted on a tax-free basis or if this is contractually agreed.
There were no loans to any members of the Executive Board in 2019.
No Executive Board member was granted or promised any benefits by a third party during the past financial year with a view to his/her position as a member of the KfW Executive Board.
Pension benefits and other benefits in the case of early retirement
In accordance with Article 1 (3) of the KfW Bylaws, the appointment of an Executive Board member should not generally extend past the legal age of retirement. Upon reaching the age of 65 or statutory retirement age and the expiry of their Executive Board contract, Executive Board members are entitled to claim pension payments; they are also entitled to pension benefits if their employment relationship terminates due to permanent disability. One member of the KfW Executive Board who was first appointed to the Board in 2006 and subsequently reappointed also has the option of retiring at their own request at the age of 63. Dr Norbert Kloppenburg received a contractually granted and grandfathered temporary allowance from 1 November 2017 to
30 April 2019.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 171

Pension commitments for Executive Board members as well as their surviving depend-
ants are based on the 1992 version of the Federal Government’s policy for hiring
executive board members at credit institutions. The PCGK is taken into account when
drawing up the Executive Board contracts.    
Executive Board member contracts include a severance pay cap in accordance with
the recommendations of the PCGK. In other words, payments to these Executive Board
members due to early termination of the Executive Board function without good
cause in accordance with Section 626 of the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetz-
buch – “BGB”) should not exceed the equivalent of two years’ salary or compensation
including fringe benefits for the remainder of the contract, depending on which of the
amounts is lower.    
The full benefit entitlement totalled 49% of the final salary in the reporting year with
different contractual arrangements. The retirement benefit entitlement amounted to
70% of the full entitlement for first-time appointment, with an increase per com-
pleted year of service of 0.98 to 3.0 percentage points depending on the contract
(from an initial 34.3% to a maximum of 49% of the final salary).
The Executive Board contracts contain additional individual provisions, in particular
concerning vesting of pension benefits. The newer contracts also include provisions on
retrospective pension contributions where pension benefits are not yet vested and the
member in question has not been reappointed.    
Pension payments to former Executive Board members or their surviving dependants
were as follows in 2019 and 2018:    
Pension payments to former Executive Board members or their surviving
dependants    
EUR in EUR in
Headcount thousands Headcount thousands
2019 2019 2018 2018
Former members of the    
Executive Board 18 3,694.3 19 3,875.7
Surviving dependants 9 980.6 10 892.0
Total 27 4,674.9 29 4,767.7
172 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes    

Provisions for pension obligations to former members of the Executive Board and their surviving dependants in the amount of EUR 72,896 thousand (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 69,601 thousand) were set up at the end of financial year 2019.

As in the previous year, no loans were granted to former Executive Board members or their surviving dependants in financial year 2019.
Remuneration of members of the Board of Supervisory Directors
The amount of remuneration to members of the Board of Supervisory Directors is determined by the supervisory authority in accordance with Article 7 (10) of the KfW Bylaws. With the last revision in May 2010, the remuneration to members of the Federal Government who are members of the Board of Supervisory Directors pursuant to Article 7 (1) No. 1 and No. 2 of the KfW Law was set at EUR 0.
In the reporting year, remuneration for other members of the Board of Supervisory Directors pursuant to Article 7 (1) Nos. 3–7 of the KfW Law amounted to EUR 5,100 p.a.; remuneration for membership of a Board of Supervisory Directors committee was a standard amount of EUR 600 p.a. for each member. Committee chairs received no special remuneration.
Members who join during the year receive their remuneration on a pro rata basis. A daily allowance (EUR 200 per meeting day) is paid and travel expenses and applicable VAT are reimbursed upon request.
The following table provides details on the remuneration paid to the Board of Supervisory Directors in financial year 2019; stated amounts are net amounts in thousands of euros. Travel expenses are reimbursed upon submission of receipts and are not taken into account in the table.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 173

Remuneration of members of the Board of Supervisory Directors for financial year 2019
No. Name Dates of Board of Committee Daily Total
membership Supervisory membership1) allowance3)
Directors    
membership1)    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
2019 thousands thousands thousands thousands
1. Olaf Scholz 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Peter Altmaier 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Doris Ahnen2) 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.5 0.2 5.8
4. Sören Bartol 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.5 0.6 7.2
5. Dr Holger Bingmann 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.5 0.6 6.2
6. Volker Bouffier2) 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.0 6.3
7. Robert Feiger 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.2 5.9
8. Verena Göppert 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.0 5.1
9. Olav Gutting 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.5 0.8 6.4
10. Dr Louis Hagen 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.2 6.5
11. Reinhold Hilbers2) 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.8 0.4 7.3
12. Reiner Hoffmann 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.2 6.5
13. Gerhard Hofmann 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 1.0 7.3
14. Dr Bruno Hollnagel 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.6 5.7
15. Andreas Ibel 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.2 5.3
16. Bartholomäus Kalb 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 1.0 6.7
17. Julia Klöckner 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
18. Andrea Kocsis 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.0 5.1
19. Stefan Körzell 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.4 6.7
20. Dr Joachim Lang 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.0 6.3
21. Lutz Lienenkämper2) 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.4 6.7
22. Heiko Maas 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
23. Dr Gerd Müller 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
24. Dr Hans-Walter Peters 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 2.5 0.0 7.6
25. Eckhardt Rehberg 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.8 0.2 7.1
26. Dr Johannes-Jörg Riegler 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 1.0 6.7
27. Joachim Rukwied 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.0 5.7
28. Andreas Scheuer 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Helmut Schleweis 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 2.5 0.0 7.6
30. Carsten Schneider 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.6 6.9
31. Svenja Schulze 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
32. Holger Schwannecke 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.5 0.0 6.6
33. Edith Sitzmann2) 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.4 5.5
34. Peter Strobel2) 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.6 5.7
35. Heike Taubert2) 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.2 5.3
36. Dr Florian Toncar 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.2 6.5
37. Dr Martin Wansleben 1 Jan. –31 Dec. 5.1 0.5 0.0 5.6
Total 153.0 26.8 10.0 189.8
1) The amounts had not yet been paid out as of the reporting date 31 December 2019.    
2) Amount governed by state law.    
3) Amounts for financial year 2019 until the date of assessment. Any later claims will be included in the next report.
174 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes    

Remuneration of members of the Board of Supervisory Directors for financial year 2018
No. Name Dates of Board of Committee Daily Total
membership Supervisory membership1) allowance4)
Directors    
membership1)    
EUR in EUR in EUR in EUR in
2018 thousands thousands thousands thousands
1. Brigitte Zypries 1 Jan. – 14 Mar. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Peter Altmaier (BMF) 1 Jan. – 14 Mar. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Peter Altmaier (BMWi) 14 Mar. – 31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Olaf Scholz 14 Mar. – 31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Sören Bartol 26 Apr. – 31 Dec. 3.8 1.1 0.6 5.5
6. Dr Holger Bingmann 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.6 6.3
7. Volker Bouffier2) 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.0 6.3
8. Dr Uwe Brandl 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.2 5.3
9. Frank Bsirske 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.0 5.1
10. Robert Feiger 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.43) 6.13)
11. Klaus-Peter Flosbach 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 1.0 6.7
12. Sigmar Gabriel 1 Jan. – 14 Mar. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13. Christian Görke2) 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.0 5.1
14. Dr Louis Hagen 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 1.0 7.3
15. Dr Matthias Haß2) 2 Mar. – 31 Dec. 4.3 0.0 0.0 4.3
16. Hubertus Heil 1 Jan. – 14 Mar. 1.3 0.5 0.0 1.8
17. Monika Heinold2) 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.0 5.7
18. Dr Barbara Hendricks 1 Jan. – 14 Mar. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
19. Reinhold Hilbers2) 2 Feb. – 31 Dec. 4.7 1.1 0.4 6.2
20. Reiner Hoffmann 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.1 0.0 6.2
21. Gerhard Hofmann 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 0.8 7.1
22. Dr Bruno Hollnagel 1 Mar. – 31 Dec. 4.3 0.0 0.4 4.7
23. Andreas Ibel 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.4 5.5
24. Bartholomäus Kalb 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 1.0 6.7
25. Julia Klöckner 14 Mar. – 31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
26. Stefan Körzell 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.1 0.6 6.8
27. Dr Joachim Lang 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.1 0.0 6.2
28. Lutz Lienenkämper2) 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.9 0.0 6.0
29. Heiko Maas 14 Mar. – 31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
30. Dr Gerd Müller 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Dr Hans-Walter Peters 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 2.3 0.0 7.4
32. Eckhardt Rehberg 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.6 0.0 6.7
33. Dr Johannes-Jörg Riegler 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.6 6.3
34. Joachim Rukwied 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.0 5.7
35. Andreas Scheuer 14 Mar. – 31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
36. Helmut Schleweis 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 2.3 0.0 7.4
37. Christian Schmidt (BMEL) 1 Jan. – 14 Mar. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
38. Christian Schmidt (BMVI) 1 Jan. – 14 Mar. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
39. Carsten Schneider 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.2 1.2 7.5
40. Svenja Schulze 14 Mar. – 31 Dec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
41. Holger Schwannecke 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 1.8 0.0 6.9
42. Edith Sitzmann2) 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.0 0.0 5.1
43. Dr Florian Toncar 1 Mar. – 31 Dec. 4.3 0.7 0.4 5.4
44. Dr Martin Wansleben 1 Jan. – 31 Dec. 5.1 0.6 0.0 5.7
Total    150.2 25.2 9.6 185.0
1) The amounts had not yet been paid out as of the reporting date 31 December 2018. 2) Amount governed by state law. 3) This amount includes a payment for 2017.
4) Amounts for financial year 2018 until the date of assessment. Any later claims will be included in the next report.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 175

There are no pension obligations for members of the Board of Supervisory Directors.
Members of the Board of Supervisory Directors did not receive remuneration in the
reporting year for personal services provided.
No direct loans were granted by KfW to members of the Board of Supervisory Direc-
tors in the reporting year.
Members of the Board of Supervisory Directors are also covered by a directors and
officers liability insurance policy, which insures them against the risks of financial loss
associated with their actions in their capacity as Supervisory Directors and by a sup-
plemental legal expenses insurance policy. There are currently no deductibles agreed.
KfW Supervisory Directors acting in that capacity are also protected by a special legal
expenses group policy for employees covering criminal action brought against Super-
visory Directors and by a group accident insurance policy.
(77) Related party disclosures
Transactions between related parties and KfW Group must be disclosed in accordance
with IAS 24 requirements. KfW Group’s related parties include its subsidiaries which
are not consolidated for reasons of immateriality, joint ventures, associates, KfW
shareholders, interests held by the Federal Government over which it directly has sig-
nificant influence, key management personnel and their family members. Natural per-
sons in key management positions considered to be related parties in accordance
with IAS 24 include the members of the Executive Board, the Directors of KfW and the
members of the Board of Supervisory Directors, members of the management boards
and, if applicable, of the supervisory boards of all consolidated subsidiaries and their
close family members. Transactions with related parties are concluded at arm’s length
as part of operating activities.
KfW has exercised the relief option in accordance with IAS 24.25 for government-
related entities.
Transactions with shareholders
KfW is a public-law institution in which the Federal Republic of Germany (Federal
Government) holds an 80% stake and the Federal States hold a 20% stake. Any trans-
actions with the Federal Government and the Federal States in the financial year
2019 are covered by the rules and regulations set forth in the KfW Law. This also
includes guarantees received for operations in which the Federal Republic of Germany
has a state interest and for which the Federal Government has mandated KfW (man-
dated transactions in accordance with article 2 (4) of the KfW Law). Transactions with
the Federal Government are, as a rule, oï¬set by countertrade transactions with a third
party. They do not constitute transactions within the meaning of IAS 24. For this rea-
son, the treatment under IAS 24 is exclusively limited to business relationships with
the Federal Government.
Key figures of the statement of financial position: KfW Group reported receivables
in the amount of EUR 21.3 billion (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 21.9 billion) arising from busi-
ness relationships with shareholders, resulting in particular from the promotional
mandate. These include, for example, the holding arrangements and the BAföG gov-
ernment loans. Notes from the liquidity portfolio totalling EUR 3.3 billion
176 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes

(31 Dec. 2018: EUR 3.3 billion) are held under Securities and investments. KfW reported claims for reimbursement from the Federal Government in the amount of EUR 626 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 613 million) under Other assets; these were oï¬-set in the same amount by liabilities relating to agency agreements. The assets were oï¬set by liabilities in the amount of EUR 5.6 billion (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 4.9 billion). These primarily included the liabilities from dividend income to be paid to the Federal Government. Interest rate swaps are also contracted with the Federal Government to hedge interest risk positions. This resulted in a negative fair value of the hedging instruments of EUR 93 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 153 million).
Irrevocable loan commitments of around EUR 13 billion had been granted under BAföG government loans as of 31 December 2019 (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 13 billion). However, the group received loan commitments and guarantees from the shareholders in the amount of EUR 65 billion, including for the market funds business of the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies, for mandated transactions and for project and real estate financing.
Transactions with shareholders resulted in net interest income of EUR 30 million (2018: EUR 51 million). There were also agency agreements between the Federal Government and KfW, which are reflected in net commission income, in particular. Please refer to the information provided in the Notes on revenue from contracts with customers, net commission income and trust activities.
Transactions with interests held by the Federal Government
KfW maintains credit balances at Deutsche Bundesbank in the amount of EUR 28 billion (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 17 billion). This resulted in negative interest income of EUR 122 million ( 2018: EUR 65 million).
Transactions with the remainder of the interests held by the Federal Government primarily include loans in the amount of EUR 592 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 544 million) in the course of corporate financing; securities and investments of EUR 27 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 244 million) in the form of notes from the liquidity portfolio; and commitments and guarantees granted of EUR 137 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 227 million). This resulted in particular in net interest income in the amount of EUR 11 million (2018: EUR 18 million).
Transactions with group companies
Transactions with group companies resulted in loans of EUR 1 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 1 million). These were oï¬set by other liabilities to tbg of EUR 36 million (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 26 million). Net interest income of EUR 6 million (2018: EUR 12 million) largely comprises dividend income.
Transactions with key persons
The business relationships between KfW and natural persons considered related parties are primarily determined by the KfW Bylaws and by applying the principles of the Federal Public Corporate Governance Code. Under its promotional mandate, KfW primarily disbursed education financing grants or direct loans of EUR 11.7 thousand (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 16.6 thousand). The conditions and prices reflect market conditions or are concluded in accordance with KfW’s general conditions for its loan programmes open to the general public.
Please refer to the remuneration report for details on remuneration of the Executive Board and the Board of Supervisory Directors.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 177

(78) Auditor’s fees
2019 2018
EUR in EUR in
thousands thousands
Audit 3,880 5,209
Other attestation services 885 854
Tax advisory services 0 0
Other services 0 0
Total 4,766 6,064
(79) Disclosures on unconsolidated structured entities
KfW Group’s unconsolidated structured entities within the meaning of IFRS 12 relate
to the following business sectors:
Structured entities in the business sector Financial markets
KfW made investments in ABS and ABCP transactions as part of liquidity management
and financing climate and environmental protection projects, and until the end of
2019, such investments were also made to promote SME financing. Moreover, the
business sector Financial markets also manages an existing portfolio to which no
further investments are added. This portfolio currently consists of securities issued
since 2001.
As of 31 December 2019, the carrying amount of the positions held totalled
EUR 5.5 billion (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 5.3 billion).
Structured entities in the business sector Export and project finance
Tailored leasing/financing concepts are structured via property leasing companies,
primarily in the “Aviation and Rail” and “Maritime Industries” sector departments. A
separate entity is created for each transaction, with KfW Group participating as the
lender. In the case of some of these business partners, the sponsoring banks act as
managers of trust companies, but in the majority of cases, these business partners
are set up as separate legal entities. KfW Group provides loans to these companies,
generally together with other credit institutions. KfW also has credit relationships with
some structured entities as market participants in the commodities financing busi-
ness, where KfW Group supports these customers with pre-export financing structures.
As of 31 December 2019, the carrying amount of the positions held totalled
EUR 3.0 billion (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 3.7 billion).
178 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes

Structured entities in the business sector Promotion of developing countries
and emerging economies    
As a finance and advisory institution, DEG provides support within its development
mandate in line with its business activity guidelines. DEG’s mandate is to promote the
development of the private sector of a) developing countries, b) central and eastern
European countries and New Independent States (NIS), and c) other countries
approved by its shareholder KfW in agreement with the Federal Government. In certain
isolated cases this is undertaken via investments in structured entities in the form of
equity investments and loans. In accordance with the applied risk principles, the risk
of loss is limited to the volume invested or committed.
As of 31 December 2019, the carrying amount of the positions held totalled
EUR 0.2 billion (31 Dec. 2018: EUR 0.2 billion).
The following table shows the carrying amounts of assets relating to unconsolidated
structured entities and the maximum possible loss that could result from these expo-
sures.    
Maximum risk of loss as of 31 December 2019    
Loans and Securities and Other assets Contingent
advances to investments liabilities;
customers    irrevocable
loan
commitments
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount 2,856 5,606 20 238
Risk and other provisions 19 1 0 0
Max. risk of loss 2,837 5,606 20 238
Maximum risk of loss as of 31 December 2018    
Loans and Securities and Other assets Contingent
advances to investments liabilities;
customers    irrevocable
loan
commitments
EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions EUR in millions
Carrying amount 3,245 5,420 6 580
Risk and other provisions 23 1 0 1
Max. risk of loss 3,222 5,420 6 579
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 179

The maximum risk of loss is equal to the nominal amount for credit lines, (financial)
guarantees and other liquidity facilities less the provisions for credit risks
recognised in the statement of financial position. The maximum risk of loss relating
to KfW Group’s investments is their carrying amount (net). The maximum risk of
loss does not include effects from KfW Group’s hedging instruments used to reduce
the maximum risk of loss.
No support is provided to structured entities in KfW Group beyond the respective
financing.    
In exceptional cases, KfW Group acts as the sponsor for structured entities in which it
holds shares purely on a trust basis on behalf of the Federal Government. The risk of
these structured entities lies exclusively with the Federal Government. In such cases,
KfW Group is considered as the sponsor of the structured entities because the entities
were initiated and/or structured by KfW Group on behalf of the Federal Government.
(80) Disclosures on shareholdings    
Subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements
Name/registered office Capital share Equity (IFRS) as of Equity (IFRS) as of
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
% EUR in millions EUR in millions
KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 100.0 3,459 3,395
DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und    
Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, Cologne 100.0 2,852 2,906
KfW Beteiligungsholding GmbH, Bonn 100.0 3,267 3,188
Interkonnektor GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 100.0 92 74
KfW Capital GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main 100.0 241 24
Associates included in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method
Name/registered office Capital share Equity as of Equity as of
30 Sept. 2019 30 Sept. 2018
% EUR in millions EUR in millions
Microfinance Enhancement Facility S.A., Luxembourg 19.2 517 501
Green for Growth Fund, Southeast Europe S.A., Luxembourg 13.2 411 371
AF Eigenkapitalfonds für deutschen Mittelstand    
GmbH & Co KG, Munich 47.5 85 113
coparion GmbH & Co. KG, Cologne 16.4 84 45
Name/registered office Capital share Equity as of Equity as of
31 Dec. 2019 31 Dec. 2018
% EUR in millions EUR in millions
DC Nordseekabel GmbH und Co. KG, Bayreuth 50.0 760 602
180 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes

Microfinance Enhancement Facility S.A. (MEF) has been accounted for using the equity method since 2009. MEF, a KfW investment in a refinancing facility for microfinance institutions, is part of the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies.
Green for Growth Fund, Southeast Europe S.A. (GGF) has been included in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method since 2010. GGF is a fund to promote SME and private household investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy in the Western Balkans and in Turkey (KfW’s investment in GGF is also part of the business sector Promotion of developing countries and emerging economies).
KfW (business sector Individualfinanzierung & Öï¬entliche Kunden (Customised Finance
& Public Clients)) initiated the Eigenkapitalfonds für deutschen Mittelstand (German
SME Equity Fund) together with Commerzbank in July 2010, each providing funds of almost EUR 100 million. It is accounted for using the equity method. The fund focuses on small and medium-sized (family) companies with a maximum annual revenue of EUR 500 million. The fund acquires minority interests and provides the company with real equity particularly for the purpose of financing growth.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 181

DC Nordseekabel GmbH und Co. KG (DC Nordseekabel) was accounted for using the equity method, as a joint venture of Interkonnektor GmbH (Nordseekabel-Projekt NordLink in the business sector Export and project finance), for the first time in the financial year 2015. The NordLink project is one of the major projects in the European energy sector and comprises an investment volume of around EUR 1.5 to 2 billion. As it will primarily serve as a conduit for renewably sourced energy, the underwater cable will play an important role in the success of Germany’s energy transition. Norwegian state-owned power grid operator Statnett, KfW and the transmission systems operator TenneT, which is responsible for the German territory of the North Sea, concluded a cooperation agreement in February 2015 to construct an underwater cable between Germany and Norway. The NordLink project will be realised by a syndicate in which Statnett and DC Nordseekabel each hold a 50% stake. KfW – via its subsidiary Interkonnektor GmbH – and TenneT each hold a 50% stake in DC Nordseekabel, which is responsible for construction and obtaining permits in Germany.
coparion GmbH & Co. KG (coparion; business sector KfW Capital) as an associated company was accounted for using the equity method for the first time in financial year 2016.
This co-investment fund by KfW and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Aï¬airs and Energy (BMWi) participates in young technology companies by oï¬ering venture capital, together with private lead investors.
Entities not included in the consolidated financial statements
Four subsidiaries, three joint ventures, seven associated companies, and eight special purpose vehicles (including structured entities) of minor significance to the presentation of the net assets, financial position and results of operations of KfW Group have not been consolidated; instead, they are shown in the statement of financial position under Securities and investments or Loans and advances. These companies account for approximately 0.04% of KfW Group’s total assets.
182 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes

List of KfW Group shareholdings as of 31 December 2019    
No. Name Place Capital CC1) Exchange rate Equity in Net income in
share EUR 1.00 TCU2), 3) TCU2), 3)
in % = CU as of
31 Dec. 20192)
KfW shareholdings                
A. Fully consolidated subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements    
1 DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und Cologne    
Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH6) 100.0 EUR 1.0000 2,472,195 –54,571
2 Interkonnektor GmbH6) Frankfurt    
am Main 100.0 EUR 1.0000 81,874 –1,810
3 KfW Beteiligungsholding GmbH6) Bonn    
100.0 EUR 1.0000 1,995,503 –220,412
4 KfW Capital GmbH & Co. KG6) Frankfurt    
am Main 100.0 EUR 1.0000 219,526 0
B. Subsidiaries not included in the consolidated financial statements    
5 Finanzierungs- und Berlin    
Beratungsgesellschaft mbH6) 100.0 EUR 1.0000 4,896 –105
6 tbg Technologie- Bonn    
Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH6) 100.0 EUR 1.0000 66,099 6,082
C. Joint ventures not included in the consolidated financial statements    
7 Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH Berlin    
(dena)5) 26.0 EUR 1.0000 5,178 38
D. Other shareholdings (only capital shares totalling at least 20%)    
8 AF Eigenkapitalfonds für deutschen Munich    
Mittelstand GmbH & Co. KG5) 47.5 EUR 1.0000 95,389 4,213
9 Berliner Energieagentur GmbH5) Berlin 25.0 EUR 1.0000 6,665 607
10 eCapital Technologies Fonds II Münster    
GmbH & Co. KG5) 24.8 EUR 1.0000 13,031 –545
Shareholdings of KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH                
A. Subsidiaries not included in the consolidated financial statements    
1 Bussard Air Leasing Ltd. i. L.5) Dublin, Ireland 100.0 USD 1.1234 –2,152 165
2 Sperber Rail Holdings Inc.5) Wilmington, USA 100.0 USD 1.1234 378 233
Shareholdings of KfW Beteiligungsholding GmbH    
A. Fully consolidated subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements    
1 KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH Frankfurt    
am Main 100.0 EUR 1.0000 4,078,858 0
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 183

List of KfW Group shareholdings as of 31 December 2019    
No. Name Place Capital CC1) Exchange rate Equity in Net income in
share EUR 1.00 TCU2), 3) TCU2), 3)
in % = CU as of
31 Dec. 20192)
Shareholdings of DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH    
A. Joint ventures not included in the consolidated financial statements    
1 PCC–DEG Renewables GmbH Duisburg 40.0 EUR 1.0000 16,278 663
B. Other shareholdings (only capital shares totalling at least 20%)    
2 Aavishkaar Frontier Fund Ebène Cyber-    
City, Mauritius 20.8 USD 1.1234 24,509 –1,082
3 Ace Power Embilipitiya Pvt Ltd. Colombo,    
Sri Lanka 26.0 LKR 203.6295 4,736,828 1,708,229
4 ACON Latin America Opportunities Toronto,    
Fund IV-A, L.P. Canada 39.9 USD 1.1234 65,839 1,924
5 ACON Latin America Opportunities Toronto,    
Fund-A, L.P. Canada 40.0 USD 1.1234 19,230 1,420
6 ACON Retail MXD, L.P. Toronto, Canada 100.0 USD 1.1234 5,944 –3,136
7 Adobe Social Mezzanine Fund I, L.P. Montreal,    
Canada 24.8 USD 1.1234 14,801 543
8 ADP Enterprises W.L.L. Manama,    
Bahrain 23.3 EUR 1.0000 252,162 67,291
9 ADP II Holding 11 S.A.R.L. Munsbach,    
Luxembourg 33.3 USD 1.1234 5) 5)
10 Advent Latin American Private Equity Wilmington,    
Fund III–B, L.P. USA 100.0 USD 1.1234 1,640 119
11 AEP China Hydro Ltd. Ebène Cyber-    
City, Mauritius 30.2 USD 1.1234 50,579 –5,056
12 AfricInvest III – SPV 1 Port Louis,    
Mauritius 21.8 EUR 1.0000 58,060 –606
13 Agrofundo Brasil VI Fundo de Investi- São Paulo,    
mento em Participações Multiestratégia Brazil 29.9 BRL 4.5127 452,826 210,521
14 AO Bucharagips Kogon,    
Uzbekistan 24.9 EUR 1.0000 1,363 1,010
15 Apis Growth 2 Ltd. Ebène Cyber-    
City, Mauritius 25.6 USD 1.1234 39,903 2,391
16 Banque Nationale de Développement Bamako, Mali    
Agricole S. A. 21.4 XOF 655.9570 53,154,335 7,978,244
17 Banyan Tree Growth Capital, LLC Mauritius,    
Mauritius 27.0 USD 1.1234 34,843 –1,018
18 Benetex Industries Ltd. Dhaka,    
Bangladesh 28.3 BDT 95.3767 5) 5)
19 Berkeley Energy Wind Mauritius Ltd. Ebène Cyber-    
City, Mauritius 25.8 EUR 1.0000 64,261 –21,164
20 CGFT Capital Pooling GmbH & Co. KG Berlin, Germany 40.0 EUR 1.0000 9,531 380
21 CoreCo Central America Fund I, L.P. Wilmington,    
USA 22.0 USD 1.1234 28,329 –961
22 Crescera Investimentos Growth George Town,    
Capital Fund I-B, L.P. Cayman Islands 20.0 USD 1.1234 31,373 4,581
23 Darby Latin American Toronto,    
Private Debt Fund IIIA, L.P. Canada 37.6 USD 1.1234 9,377 –418
24 Deep Catch Namibia Holdings (Pty) Windhoek,    
Ltd. Namibia 38.6 NAD 15.7158 124,629 13,329
184 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes    

List of KfW Group shareholdings as of 31 December 2019    
No. Name Place Capital CC1) Exchange rate Equity in Net income in
share EUR 1.00 TCU2), 3) TCU2), 3)
in % = CU as of
31 Dec. 20192)
Shareholdings of DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH    
B. Other shareholdings (only capital shares totalling at least 20%)    
25 ECP Africa Fund IV LLC Ebène Cyber-    
City, Mauritius 34.6 USD 1.1234 37,948 –5,896
26 Emerald Sri Lanka Fund I Ltd. Ebène Cyber-    
City, Mauritius 23.5 USD 1.1234 13,632 –921
27 Emerging Europe Leasing and Amsterdam,    
Finance (EELF) B.V. Netherlands 25.0 EUR 1.0000 918 –23
28 EMF NEIF I (A), L.P. Fareham,    
United Kingdom 28.1 USD 1.1234 28,376 –28,968
29 EMX Capital Partners, L.P. Toronto, Canada 20.1 USD 1.1234 64,022 7,282
30 Frontier Bangladesh II, L.P. George Town,    
Cayman Islands 20.0 USD 1.1234 17,031 –1,896
31 Grassland Finance Ltd. Hong Kong,    
Hong Kong 24.9 CNY 7.8205 463,533 19,100
32 Kandeo Fund II (A), L.P. Toronto, Canada 53.1 USD 1.1234 37,368 –1,205
33 Kendall Court Mezzanine (Asia) George Town,    
Bristol Merit Fund, L.P. Cayman Islands 24.4 USD 1.1234 11,011 –1,761
34 Kibele B.V. Amsterdam,    
Netherlands 22.3 USD 1.1234 5) 5)
35 Knauf Gips Buchara OOO Bukhara,    
Uzbekistan 25.0 EUR 1.0000 20,258 5,194
36 Knauf Gypsum Philippines Inc., Makati,    
Philippines 25.0 PHP 56.9000 1,730,364 –224,471
37 Leiden PE II, L.P. Toronto, Canada 26.6 USD 1.1234 52,034 487
38 Lereko Metier REIPPP Fund Trust Sandhurst,    
South Africa 32.3 ZAR 15.7773 828,149 35,611
39 Lereko Metier Solafrica Fund I Trust Johannesburg,    
South Africa 47.5 ZAR 15.7773 211,020 30,406
40 Lovcen Banka AD Podgorica,    
Montenegro 27.5 EUR 1.0000 15,539 1,768
41 MC II Pasta Ltd. Qormi, Malta 36.1 EUR 1.0000 5) 5)
42 Medisia Investment Holdings Pte Singapore,    
Ltd. Singapore 32.7 USD 1.1234 114,042 30,915
43 Metier Retailability en Commandite Sandhurst,    
Partnership South Africa 23.8 ZAR 15.7773 457,720 35,422
44 Navegar II (Netherlands) B.V. Amsterdam,    
Netherlands 29.2 USD 1.1234 5) 5)
45 Operadora de Servicios Mega, S.A. Zapopan,    
de C.V., SOFOM E.R. Mexico 21.9 MXN 21.2202 1,005,136 87,751
46 Orilus Investment Holdings Pte. Ltd. Singapore,    
Singapore 33.0 USD 1.1234 79,936 –232
47 Russia Partners Technology Fund George Town    
L.P. Cayman Islands 21.6 USD 1.1234 119,492 19,467
48 SEAF Central and Eastern Europe Wilmington,    
Growth Fund LLC USA 23.9 USD 1.1234 87 –686
49 Sierra Madre Philippines I, L.P. George Town,    
Cayman Islands 20.0 USD 1.1234 5,857 –1,427
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes | 185

List of KfW Group shareholdings as of 31 December 2019    
No. Name Place Capital CC1) Exchange rate Equity in Net income in
share EUR 1.00 TCU2), 3) TCU2), 3)
in % = CU as of
31 Dec. 20192)
Shareholdings of DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH    
B. Other shareholdings (only capital shares totalling at least 20%)    
50 Stratus Capital Partners B, L.P. Edinburgh,    
United Kingdom 75.0 USD 1.1234 19,902 –1,048
51 Stratus SCP Fleet Fundo de São Paulo,    
Investimento em Participaçőes – Brazil    
Multiestratégia 39.7 BRL 4.5127 44,065 305
52 Takura II Feeder Fund Partnership Cape Town,    
South Africa 25.0 USD 1.1234 84,837 38,041
53 The Kibo Fund LLC. Ebène CyberCity,    
Mauritius 20.0 USD 1.1234 46,434 5,257
54 Tolstoi Investimentos S.A. São Paulo, Brazil 31.1 BRL 4.5127 5) 5)
55 TOO Isi Gips Inder Inderborskij,    
Kazakhstan 40.0 EUR 1.0000 1,457 103
56 TOO Knauf Gips Kaptschagaj Kapchagay,    
Kazakhstan 40.0 EUR 1.0000 15,244 7,031
57 Triple P SEA Financial Inclusion Fund Singapore,    
LP Singapore 25.2 USD 1.1234 6,290 –1,442
58 Vietnam Opportunity Fund II PTE. Ltd. Singapore,    
Singapore 32.0 USD 1.1234 5) 5)
59 Whitlam Holding PTE. Ltd. Singapore,    
Singapore 38.7 USD 1.1234 53,064 24,125
60 Worldwide Group, Inc Charlestown,    
Saint Kitts    
and Nevis 33.4 USD 1.1234 25,462 1,225
Shareholdings of Interkonnektor GmbH                
A. Joint ventures included in the consolidated financial statements    
1 DC Nordseekabel GmbH & Co. KG Bayreuth 50.0 EUR 1.0000 759,197 10,862
B. Joint ventures not included in the consolidated financial statements    
2 DC Nordseekabel Beteiligungs GmbH Bayreuth 50.0 EUR 1.0000 63 5
3 DC Nordseekabel Management GmbH Bayreuth 50.0 EUR 1.0000 114 7
Shareholdings of KfW Capital GmbH & Co. KG    
A. Subsidiaries not included in the consolidated financial statements    
1 KfW Capital Verwaltungs GmbH Frankfurt    
am Main 100.0 EUR 1.0000 19 –7
B. Other shareholdings (only capital shares totalling at least 20%)    
2 Hedosophia Partners III SCSp Luxembourg 20.0 EUR 1.0000 5,079 0
1) ISO currency code 2) CU = currency units in local currency; TCU = thousand currency units in local currency
3) Financial statements prepared in accordance with local financial reporting framework 4) The company is in the start-up phase; no annual financial statements have
been prepared yet. 5) No current annual financial statements are available. 6) Preliminary data as of 31 December 2019 is available.
The data is based on the most recent annual financial statements of the investee (where available).    
186 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Notes – Other Notes    

Attestations

Independent auditor’s report1)
To KfW
Opinions
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of KfW, Frankfurt am Main and its subsidiaries (the Group), which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2019, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows for the fiscal year from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In addition, we have audited the group management report of KfW for the fiscal year from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. In accordance with the German legal requirements, we have not audited the content of the sections “Declaration of compliance” and “Non-financial statement” of the group management report.
In our opinion, on the basis of the knowledge obtained in the audit,
• the accompanying consolidated financial statements comply, in all material respects, with the IFRSs as adopted by the EU, and the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to Sec. 315e HGB and, in compliance with these requirements, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group as at December 31, 2019 and of its financial performance for the fiscal year from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, and
• the accompanying group management report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group’s position. In all material respects, this group management report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements, complies with German legal requirements and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development.
Our opinion on the group management report does not cover the sections “Declaration of compliance” and “Non-financial statement” of the group management report.
Pursuant to Sec. 322 (3) Sentence 1 HGB, we declare that our audit has not led to any reservations relating to the legal compliance of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report.
1) Translation of the independent auditor’s report issued in German language on the consolidated financial statements prepared in German language by the Executive Board of KfW, Frankfurt am Main. The German language statements are decisive.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Attestations – Independent auditor’s report | 188

Basis for the opinions
We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report in accordance with Sec. 317 HGB and in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer [Institute of Public Auditors in Germany] (IDW). Our responsibilities under those requirements and principles are further described in the “Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report” section of our auditor’s report. We are independent of the Group entities in accordance with the requirements of German commercial and professional law, and we have fulfilled our other German professional responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the group management report.
Other information
According to Art. 8 KfW Bylaws, the Board of Supervisory Directors is responsible for the preparation of the annual Report of the Board of Supervisory Directors. According to Art. 19 KfW Bylaws, the Executive Board and the Board of Supervisory Directors are required to annually declare that they recognise the Public Corporate Governance Code und to publish the declaration of compliance as part of the Corporate Governance Report. In all other respects, the Executive Board is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the sections “Declaration of compliance” and “Non-financial statement” of the group management report and the Corporate Governance Report, which we obtained prior to the date of this auditor’s report, and the Letter from the Executive Board, the Report of the Board of Supervisory Directors as well as the sections “Members and tasks of the Board of Supervisory Directors” and „Executive Board, Directors and Managing Directors of KfW Group” of the Annual Report, which are expected to be made available to us after that date.
Our opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the group management report do not cover the other information, and consequently we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in so doing, to consider whether the other information
• is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements, with the group management report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or
• otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
189 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Attestations – Independent auditor’s report

Responsibilities of the Executive Board and the Board of Supervisory Directors for the consolidated financial statements and the group management report
The Executive Board is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements that comply, in all material respects, with IFRSs as adopted by the EU and the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to Sec 315e (1) HGB and that the consolidated financial statements, in compliance with these requirements, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and financial performance of the Group. In addition, the Executive Board is responsible for such internal control as they have determined necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Executive Board is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. They also have the responsibility for disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern. In addition, they are responsible for financial reporting based on the going concern basis of accounting, unless there is an intention to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or there is no realistic alternative but to do so.
Furthermore, the Executive Board is responsible for the preparation of the group management report that, as a whole, provides an appropriate view of the Group’s position and is, in all material respects, consistent with the consolidated financial statements, complies with German legal requirements and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development. In addition, the Executive Board is responsible for such arrangements and measures (systems) as they have considered necessary to enable the preparation of a group management report that is in accordance with the applicable German legal requirements, and to be able to provide sufficient appropriate evidence for the assertions in the group management report.
The Board of Supervisory Directors is responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and whether the group management report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group’s position and, in all material respects, is consistent with the consolidated financial statements and the knowledge obtained in the audit, complies with the German legal requirements and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development, as well as to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the group management report.
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Attestations – Independent auditor’s report | 190

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Sec. 317 HGB and in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW) will always detect a material misstatement. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements and this group management report.
We exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is suffi-cient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinions. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit of the consolidated financial statements and of arrangements and measures (systems) relevant to the audit of the group management report in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the eï¬ectiveness of these systems.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used by the Executive Board and the reasonableness of estimates made by the Executive Board and related disclosures.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Executive Board’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in the auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and in the group management report or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our respective opinions. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to be able to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements present the underlying transactions and events in a manner that the consolidated finan-cial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and financial performance of the Group in compliance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU and the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to Sec. 315e (1) HGB.
191 | KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Attestations – Independent auditor’s report

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the
entities or business activities within the Group to express opinions on the consolidated
financial statements and on the group management report. We are responsible for the
direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our opinions.
• Evaluate the consistency of the group management report with the consolidated finan-
cial statements, its conformity with [German] law, and the view of the Group’s position it provides.
• Perform audit procedures on the prospective information presented by the Executive
Board in the group management report. On the basis of sufficient appropriate audit
evidence we evaluate, in particular, the significant assumptions used by the Executive
Board as a basis for the prospective information, and evaluate the proper derivation of
the prospective information from these assumptions. We do not express a separate
opinion on the prospective information and on the assumptions used as a basis. There is a substantial unavoidable risk that future events will diï¬er materially from the pro- spective information.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters,
the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any sig-
nificant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
Eschborn/Frankfurt am Main, 3 March 2020 Ernst & Young GmbH
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Müller-Tronnier Koch Wirtschaftsprüfer Wirtschaftsprüfer (German Public Auditor)
(German Public Auditor)
KfW Financial Report 2019 Consolidated financial statements | Attestations – Independent auditor’s report | 192