Exhibit 17(pp)
GOLDMAN SACHS MONEY MARKET FUNDS
GOLDMAN SACHS — INSTITUTIONAL LIQUID ASSETS PORTFOLIOS
FINANCIAL SQUARE FUNDS
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
DATED APRIL 28, 2006, AS AMENDED JUNE 16, 2006
ILA SHARES
ILA ADMINISTRATION SHARES
ILA SERVICE SHARES
ILA CLASS B SHARES
ILA CLASS C SHARES
ILA CASH MANAGEMENT SHARES
FST SHARES
FST SERVICE SHARES
FST ADMINISTRATION SHARES
FST PREFERRED SHARES
FST SELECT SHARES
FST CAPITAL SHARES
Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company (or mutual fund) which includes the Goldman Sachs — Institutional Liquid Assets Portfolios and Financial Square Funds. This Statement of Additional Information relates solely to the offering of (i) ILA Shares, ILA Administration Shares, ILA Service Shares and ILA Cash Management Shares of: Prime Obligations Portfolio (“ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio”), Money Market Portfolio (“ILA Money Market Portfolio”), Treasury Obligations Portfolio (“ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio”), Treasury Instruments Portfolio (“ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio”), Government Portfolio (“ILA Government Portfolio”), Federal Portfolio (“ILA Federal Portfolio”), Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio (“ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio”), Tax-Exempt California Portfolio (“ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio”) and Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio (“ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio”); (ii) ILA Class B and Class C Shares of ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio (individually, an “ILA Portfolio” and collectively the “ILA Portfolios”); and (iii) FST Shares, FST Service Shares, FST Administration Shares, FST Preferred Shares, FST Select Shares and FST Capital Shares of: Goldman Sachs - Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund (“FS Prime Obligations Fund”), Goldman Sachs — Financial Square Money Market Fund (“FS Money Market Fund”), Goldman Sachs — Financial Square Treasury Obligations Fund (“FS Treasury Obligations Fund”), Goldman Sachs — Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund (“FS Treasury Instruments Fund”), Goldman Sachs — Financial Square Government Fund (“FS Government Fund”), Goldman Sachs — Financial Square Federal Fund (“FS Federal Fund”) and Goldman Sachs — Financial Square Tax-Free Money Market Fund (“FS Tax-Free Fund”) (individually, a “Financial Square Fund,” collectively the “Financial Square Funds” and together with the ILA Portfolios, the “Series”).
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM” or the “Investment Adviser”) serves as the Series’ investment adviser. Goldman, Sachs & Co. (“Goldman Sachs”) serves as distributor and transfer agent to the Series.
The Goldman Sachs Funds offer banks, corporate cash managers, investment advisers and other institutional investors a family of professionally-managed mutual funds, including money market, fixed income and equity funds, and a range of related services. All products are designed to provide clients with the benefit of the expertise of GSAM and its affiliates in security selection, asset allocation, portfolio construction and day-to-day management.
The hallmark of the Goldman Sachs Funds is personalized service, which reflects the priority that Goldman Sachs places on serving clients’ interests. Service organizations and other Goldman Sachs clients will be assigned an Account Administrator (“AA”), who is ready to help with questions concerning their accounts. During business hours, service organizations and other Goldman Sachs clients can call their AA through a toll-free number to place purchase or redemption orders or to obtain Series and account information. The AA can also answer inquiries about rates of return and portfolio composition/holdings, and guide service organizations through operational details. The Goldman Sachs Funds allow service organizations to purchase and redeem shares and access account information via the Internet.
This Statement of Additional Information (“Additional Statement”) is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectuses for the Series and share classes mentioned above, each dated April 28, 2006, as those Prospectuses may be further amended and supplemented from time to time. A copy of each Prospectus may be obtained without charge from service organizations, or by calling Goldman, Sachs & Co. at 1-800-621-2550 or by writing Goldman, Sachs & Co., P.O. Box 06050, Chicago, Illinois 60606-6300.
The audited financial statements and related report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP independent registered public accounting firm for the ILA Portfolios and Financial Square Funds, contained in the ILA Portfolios’ and Financial Square Funds’ 2005 Annual Reports are incorporated herein by reference in the section “Financial Statements.” No other portions of the Series’ Annual Reports are incorporated by reference. The Annual Reports may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling Goldman, Sachs & Co. toll free at 1-800-621-2550.
Goldman Sachs Financial Square Fund SM is a service mark of Goldman Sachs & Co.
GSAM® is a registered service mark of Goldman, Sachs & Co.
The date of this Additional Statement is April 28, 2006, as amended June 16, 2006.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| | Page in |
| | Statement of |
| | Additional |
| | Information |
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES | | | 1 | |
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS | | | 46 | |
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS | | | 52 | |
THE INVESTMENT ADVISER, DISTRIBUTOR AND TRANSFER AGENT | | | 61 | |
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | | | 69 | |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS | | | 81 | |
NET ASSET VALUE | | | 82 | |
REDEMPTIONS | | | 84 | |
CALCULATION OF YIELD QUOTATIONS | | | 85 | |
TAX INFORMATION | | | 86 | |
ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION | | | 93 | |
CUSTODIAN AND SUBCUSTODIAN | | | 99 | |
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | | | 100 | |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | | | 100 | |
PROXY VOTING | | | 100 | |
PAYMENTS TO INTERMEDIARIES | | | 101 | |
OTHER INFORMATION | | | 103 | |
ADMINISTRATION PLANS | | | 105 | |
SERVICE AND SHAREHOLDER ADMINISTRATION PLANS | | | 108 | |
SELECT PLAN | | | 111 | |
CAPITAL ADMINISTRATION PLAN | | | 112 | |
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLANS | | | 114 | |
APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS | | | 1-A | |
APPENDIX B 2005 ISS PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY | | | 1-B | |
APPENDIX C BUSINESS PRINCIPLES OF GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO. | | | 1-C | |
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES
Each Series is a separate pool of assets which pursues its investment objective through separate investment policies. Each Series other than the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio is a diversified, open-end management investment company (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”)). The ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio are non-diversified open-end management investment companies, as defined in the Act. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the same meaning as in the Prospectus. The following discussion elaborates on the description of each Series’ investment policies and practices contained in the Prospectus.
All investment objectives and investment policies not specifically designated as fundamental may be changed without shareholder approval. However, with respect to the ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Government Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, FS Government Fund, and FS Federal Fund, to the extent required by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations, shareholders will be provided with sixty-days notice in the manner prescribed by the SEC before any change in a Series’ policy to invest, under normal circumstances, in the particular type of investment suggested by its name.
To the extent described in the Prospectus and further below, the policies of the ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, FS Treasury Obligations Fund and FS Tax-Free Money Market Fund to invest at least 80% of their net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes (measured at the time of purchase) (“Net Assets”) in the particular type of investments suggested by their respective names are fundamental policies that may not be changed without shareholder approval.
U.S. Government Securities
Each Series (except the ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Treasury Obligations Fund, FS Treasury Instruments Fund and FS Tax-Free Fund) may invest in government securities, which are obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises (“U.S. Government Securities”). Some U.S. Government Securities (such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance) are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Others, such as obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, are supported either by (i) the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, (ii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the issuer or (iii) only the credit of the issuer. The U.S. government is under no legal obligation, in general, to purchase the obligations of its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to the U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises in the future.
U.S. Government Securities are deemed to include (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed. The secondary market for certain of these participations is
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extremely limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations may therefore be regarded as illiquid.
Each Series (except the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund) may invest in separately traded principal and interest components of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. The principal and interest components of selected securities are traded independently under the Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities program (“STRIPS”). Under the STRIPS program, the principal and interest components are individually numbered and separately issued by the U.S. Treasury at the request of depository financial institutions, which then trade the component parts independently.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities. Certain Funds may invest in U.S. Government securities, called “Treasury inflation-protected securities” or “TIPS,” which are fixed income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. The interest rate on TIPS is fixed at issuance, but over the life of the bond this interest may be paid on an increasing or decreasing principal value that has been adjusted for inflation. Although repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity is guaranteed, the market value of TIPS is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate.
The values of TIPS generally fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates, which are in turn tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in the value of TIPS. In contrast, if nominal interest rates were to increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in the value of TIPS. If inflation is lower than expected during the period a Fund holds TIPS, a Fund may earn less on the TIPS than on a conventional bond. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in the currency exchange rates), investors in TIPS may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bonds’ inflation measure. There can be no assurance that the inflation index for TIPS will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services.
Any increase in principal value of TIPS caused by an increase in the consumer price index is taxable in the year the increase occurs, even though a Fund holding TIPS will not receive cash representing the increase at that time. As a result, a Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements as a regulated investment company.
If a Fund invests in Treasury-inflation protected securities (“TIPS”), it will be required to treat as original issue discount any increase in the principal amount of the securities that occurs during the course of its taxable year. If a Fund purchases such inflation protected securities that are issued in stripped form either as stripped bonds or coupons, it will be treated as if it had purchased a newly issued debt instrument having original issue discount.
Because a Fund is required to distribute substantially all of its net investment income (including accrued original issue discount), a Fund’s investment in either zero coupon bonds or TIPS may require a Fund to distribute to shareholders an amount greater than the total cash income it actually receives. Accordingly, in order to make the required distributions, a Fund may be required to borrow or liquidate securities.
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Custodial Receipts
Each Series (other than the ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Government Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, FS Treasury Obligations Fund, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, FS Government Fund, and FS Federal Fund) may also acquire U.S. Government Securities, municipal obligations or other debt instruments in the form of custodial receipts that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain U.S. Government Securities, municipal obligations or other debt instruments. Such securities are held in custody by a bank on behalf of the owners. These custodial receipts are known by various names, including “Treasury Receipts,” “Treasury Investors Growth Receipts” (“TIGRs”), and “Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities” (“CATS”). Although custodial receipts involving U.S. Government Securities are not considered U.S. Government Securities for certain securities law purposes, the securities underlying such receipts are issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities.
Bank and Corporate Obligations
Each Series (other than ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Government Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, FS Treasury Obligations Fund, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, FS Government Fund and FS Federal Fund) may invest in commercial paper, including variable amount master demand notes and asset-backed commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations, and finance companies. The commercial paper purchased by the Series consists of direct U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or, in the case of ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund, foreign issuers. The ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund may invest only in tax-exempt commercial paper. Bank obligations in which the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund and FS Money Market Fund may invest include certificates of deposit, unsecured bank promissory notes, bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other debt obligations. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return.
Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. Bank notes and bankers’ acceptances rank junior to domestic deposit liabilities of the bank and pari passu with other senior, unsecured obligations of the bank. Bank notes are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other insurer. Deposit notes are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation only to the extent of $100,000 per depositor per bank.
The ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund will invest more than 25% of their total assets in bank obligations (whether foreign or domestic), including bank commercial paper. However, if adverse economic conditions prevail in the banking industry (such as substantial losses on
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loans, increases in non-performing assets and charge-offs and declines in total deposits) these Series may, for defensive purposes, temporarily invest less than 25% of their total assets in bank obligations. As a result, the Series may be especially affected by favorable and adverse developments in or related to the banking industry. The activities of U.S. banks and most foreign banks are subject to comprehensive regulations which, in the case of U.S. regulations, have undergone substantial changes in the past decade. The enactment of new legislation or regulations, as well as changes in interpretation and enforcement of current laws, may affect the manner of operations and profitability of domestic and foreign banks. Significant developments in the U.S. banking industry have included increased competition from other types of financial institutions, increased acquisition activity and geographic expansion. Banks may be particularly susceptible to certain economic factors, such as interest rate changes and adverse developments in the market for real estate. Fiscal and monetary policy and general economic cycles can affect the availability and cost of funds, loan demand and asset quality and thereby impact the earnings and financial conditions of banks.
The ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund and FS Money Market Fund may invest in other short-term obligations, including short-term funding agreements payable in U.S. dollars and issued or guaranteed by U.S. corporations, foreign corporations (with respect to the ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund) or other entities. A funding agreement is a contract between an issuer and a purchaser that obligates the issuer to pay a guaranteed rate of interest on a principal sum deposited by the purchaser. Funding agreements will also guarantee a stream of payments over time. A funding agreement has a fixed maturity date and may have either a fixed or variable interest rate that is based on an index and guaranteed for a set time period. Because there is generally no secondary market for these investments, funding agreements purchased by a Series may be regarded as illiquid.
Repurchase Agreements
Each Series (other than the ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, FS Treasury Instruments Fund and FS Tax-Free Fund) may enter into repurchase agreements with securities dealers and banks which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of their repurchase obligation. A repurchase agreement is similar to a collateralized loan, but involves an arrangement under which the purchaser (i.e., the Series) purchases securities subject to the seller’s agreement, at the time of sale, to repurchase the securities at a specified time and price. These securities may include securities that could not be held by a Portfolio without the seller’s repurchase commitment. The ILA Federal Portfolio and FS Federal Fund may, but do not presently intend to, invest in repurchase agreements.
Custody of the securities will be maintained by the Series’ custodian or subcustodian for the duration of the agreement. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Series, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at a stated rate due to the Series together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Series is unrelated to the investment return, if any, on the securities subject to the repurchase agreement. The seller of a repurchase agreement will agree that the value of the purchased securities will at all times equal or exceed the repurchase price during the term of the repurchase agreement.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for the Series that utilize them. Such risks are not unique to the Series but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Series seek to minimize such risks
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by, among others, the means indicated below, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated.
For purposes of the Act, and generally, for tax purposes, a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan from the Series to the seller of the securities. It is not clear whether for other purposes a court would consider the securities purchased by the Series subject to a repurchase agreement as being owned by the Series or as being collateral for a loan by the Series to the seller.
If, in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings concerning the seller of the securities, a court holds that the Series does not have a perfected security interest in the securities, the Series may be required to return the securities to the seller’s estate and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As an unsecured creditor, a Series would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction. To minimize this risk, the Series utilize custodians and subcustodians that the Investment Adviser believes follow customary securities industry practice with respect to repurchase agreements, and the Investment Adviser analyzes the creditworthiness of the obligor, in this case the seller of the securities. But because of the legal uncertainties, this risk, like others associated with repurchase agreements, cannot be eliminated.
Also, in the event of commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the securities before repurchase of the securities under a repurchase agreement, a Series may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the securities. Such a delay may involve loss of interest or a decline in the value of the securities or other collateral, in which case a Series may not recover the full amount it paid for the securities. Certain Series may enter into repurchase agreements that involve securities that would be subject to a court “stay” in the event of the seller’s bankruptcy or insolvency. A “stay” will prevent a Series from selling the securities it holds under a repurchase agreement until permitted by a court. In these situations a Series will be subject to greater risk that the value of the securities will decline before they are sold, and that the Series will experience a loss.
Apart from the risks associated with bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the security, whether or not the seller is bankrupt or insolvent. However, if the market value of the securities subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest), the Series will direct the seller of the securities to deliver additional securities so that the market value of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement equals or exceeds the repurchase price. It is possible that, with respect to certain repurchase agreements, a trustee for a bankrupt or insolvent seller could be able to demand the return of any additional securities that were previously delivered to the Series for this purpose, and a Series could incur a loss for this reason.
Each Series may not invest in repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days if, as a result thereof, more than 10% of the net assets of that Series (taken at market value) would be invested in such investments and other securities which are not readily marketable . Certain repurchase agreements which mature in more than seven days can be liquidated before the nominal fixed term on seven days or less notice. Such repurchase agreements will be regarded as liquid instruments.
In addition, each Series (other than the ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, FS Treasury Instruments Fund and FS Tax-Free Fund), together with other registered investment companies having management agreements with the Investment Adviser or any of its affiliates, may
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transfer uninvested cash balances into a single joint account, the daily aggregate balance of which will be invested in one or more repurchase agreements.
Foreign Securities
The ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund may invest in certificates of deposit, commercial paper, unsecured bank promissory notes, bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other debt obligations issued or guaranteed by major foreign banks which have more than $1 billion in total assets at the time of purchase, U.S. branches of such foreign banks (Yankee obligations), foreign branches of such foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks. The ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio and FS Prime Obligations Fund may invest in certificates of deposit, commercial paper, unsecured bank promissory notes, bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations issued by foreign branches of U.S. banks. The ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund may also invest in municipal instruments backed by letters of credit or other forms of credit enhancement issued by foreign banks which have a branch, agency or subsidiary in the U.S. Under current SEC rules relating to the use of the amortized cost method of portfolio securities valuation, the ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund are restricted to purchasing U.S. dollar-denominated securities, but are not otherwise precluded from purchasing securities of foreign issuers.
The ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations (limited to commercial paper and other notes) issued or guaranteed by a foreign government. The ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund may also invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued or guaranteed by any entity located or organized in a foreign country that maintains a short-term foreign currency rating in the highest short-term ratings category by the requisite number of nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”). The ILA Money Market Portfolio and FS Money Market Fund may not invest more than 25% of their total assets in the securities of any one foreign government.
Investments in foreign securities and bank obligations may involve considerations different from investments in domestic securities due to limited publicly available information; non-uniform accounting standards; the possible imposition of withholding or confiscatory taxes; the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions affecting the payment of principal and interest; expropriation; or other adverse political or economic developments. In addition, it may be more difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment against a foreign issuer or a foreign branch of a domestic bank and the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the United States.
Asset-Backed and Receivables-Backed Securities
The ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund and FS Money Market Fund may invest in asset-backed and receivables-backed securities. Asset-backed and receivables-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as mortgages, motor vehicle installment sale contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements, corporate receivables and other categories of receivables. Such asset pools are securitized through the use of privately-formed trusts or special purpose vehicles. Payments or distributions of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pool insurance policy issued by a financial institution or other credit
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enhancements may be present. The value of a Series’ investments in asset-backed and receivables-backed securities may be adversely affected by prepayment of the underlying obligations. In addition, the risk of prepayment may cause the value of these investments to be more volatile than a Series’ other investments.
Through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations, various types of assets, including automobile loans, computer leases, trade receivables and credit card receivables, are being securitized in pass-through structures similar to the mortgage pass-through structures. Consistent with their respective investment objectives and policies, the Series may invest in these and other types of asset-backed securities that may be developed. This Additional Statement may be amended or supplemented as necessary to reflect the intention of the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund and FS Money Market Fund to invest in asset-backed securities with characteristics that are materially different from the securities described in the preceding paragraph. However, a Series will generally not invest in an asset-backed security if the income received with respect to its investment constitutes rental income or other income not treated as qualifying income under the 90% test described in “Tax Information” below.
As set forth below, several types of asset-backed and receivables-backed securities are offered to investors, including for example, Certificates for Automobile Receivablessm (“CARSsm”) and interests in pools of credit card receivables. CARSsm represent undivided fractional interests in a trust (“CAR Trust”) whose assets consist of a pool of motor vehicle retail installment sales contracts and security interests in the vehicles securing the contracts. Payments of principal and interest on CARSsm are passed through monthly to certificate holders, and are guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trustee or originator of the CAR Trust. An investor’s return on CARSsm may be affected by early prepayment of principal on the underlying vehicle sales contracts. If the letter of credit is exhausted, the CAR Trust may be prevented from realizing the full amount due on a sales contract because of state law requirements and restrictions relating to foreclosure sales of vehicles and the obtaining of deficiency judgments following such sales or because of depreciation, damage or loss of a vehicle, the application of federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, or other factors. As a result, certificate holders may experience delays in payments or losses if the letter of credit is exhausted.
Asset-backed securities present certain risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities may not have the benefit of any security interest in the related assets. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. There is the possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities.
Asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, the securities may contain elements of credit support which fall into two categories: (i) liquidity protection, and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor or servicer. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, the provision of a reserve fund, or a combination thereof to ensure, subject to certain limitations that scheduled payments on the underlying pool are made in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. This protection may be provided through guarantees, policies or letters of credit
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obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transactions or through a combination of such approaches. The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information reflecting the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that anticipated or failure of the credit support could adversely affect the value of or return on an investment in such a security.
The availability of asset-backed securities may be affected by legislative or regulatory developments. It is possible that such developments could require the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund and FS Money Market Fund to dispose of any then existing holdings of such securities.
To the extent consistent with its investment objectives and policies, each of the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund and FS Money Market Fund may invest in new types of mortgage-related securities and in other asset-backed securities that may be developed in the future.
Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities
Each Series may purchase securities on a when-issued basis and enter into forward commitments. These transactions involve a commitment by the Series to purchase or sell securities at a future date beyond the customary settlement time. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions are negotiated directly with the other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges, but may be traded over-the-counter.
A Series will purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Series may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after entering into it. A Series also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Series on the settlement date. The Series may realize capital gains or losses in connection with these transactions; distributions from any net capital gains would be taxable to its shareholders. For purposes of determining a Series’ average dollar weighted maturity, the maturity of when-issued or forward commitment securities for fixed-rate obligations will be calculated from the commitment date.
When a Series purchases securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, the Series will segregate cash or liquid assets having a value at least equal to the amount of the Series’ purchase commitments. Alternatively, a Series may enter into off-setting contracts for the forward sale of securities. These procedures are designed to ensure that the Series will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases and forward commitments.
Variable Amount Master Demand Notes
Each Series (other than the ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, FS Treasury Obligations Fund, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, and FS Federal Fund) may purchase variable amount master demand notes. These obligations permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements between a Series, as lender, and the borrower. Variable amount master demand notes are not generally
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transferable, and are not ordinarily rated. A Series may invest in them only if the Investment Adviser believes that the notes are of comparable quality to the other obligations in which that Series may invest.
Variable Rate and Floating Rate Obligations
The interest rates payable on certain fixed income securities in which a Series may invest are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. A variable rate obligation has an interest rate which is adjusted at predesignated periods in response to changes in the market rate of interest on which the interest rate is based. Variable and floating rate obligations are less effective than fixed rate instruments at locking in a particular yield. Nevertheless, such obligations may fluctuate in value in response to interest rate changes if there is a delay between changes in market interest rates and the interest reset date for the obligation, or for other reasons.
Each Series (other than the ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Government Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, FS Treasury Obligations Fund, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, FS Government Fund and FS Federal Fund) may purchase variable and floating rate demand instruments that are municipal obligations or other debt securities issued by corporations and other non-governmental issuers that possess a floating or variable interest rate adjustment formula. These instruments permit a Series to demand payment of the principal balance plus unpaid accrued interest upon a specified number of days’ notice to the issuer or its agent. The demand feature may be backed by a bank letter of credit or guarantee, or the credit enhancement issued with respect to such instrument.
The terms of the variable or floating rate demand instruments that a Series may purchase provide that interest rates are adjustable at intervals ranging from daily up to 397 calendar days, and the adjustments are based upon current market levels, the prime rate of a bank or other appropriate interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective instruments. Some of these instruments are payable on demand on a daily basis or on not more than seven days’ notice. Others, such as instruments with quarterly or semi-annual interest rate adjustments, may be put back to the issuer on designated days, usually on not more than thirty days’ notice. Still others are automatically called by the issuer unless the Series instructs otherwise. The Trust, on behalf of the Series, intends to exercise the demand only (i) upon a default under the terms of the debt security; (ii) as needed to provide liquidity to a Series; (iii) to maintain the respective quality standards of a Series’ investment portfolio; or (iv) to attain a more optimal portfolio structure. A Series will determine the variable or floating rate demand instruments that it will purchase in accordance with procedures approved by the Trustees to minimize credit risks. To be eligible for purchase by a Series, a variable or floating rate demand instrument which is unrated must have high quality characteristics similar to other obligations in which the Series may invest. The Investment Adviser may determine that an unrated variable or floating rate demand instrument meets a Series’ quality criteria by reason of being backed by a letter of credit, guarantee, or demand feature issued by an entity that meets the quality criteria for the Series. Thus, either the credit of the issuer of the obligation or the provider of the credit support or both will meet the quality standards of the Series.
As stated in the Prospectuses, the Series may consider the maturity of a long-term variable or floating rate demand instrument to be shorter than its ultimate stated maturity under specified conditions. The acquisition of variable or floating rate demand notes for a Series must also meet the requirements of rules issued by the SEC applicable to the use of the amortized cost method of securities valuation. The Series will also consider the liquidity of the market for variable and floating
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rate instruments, and in the event that such instruments are illiquid, the Series’ investments in such instruments will be subject to the limitation on illiquid investments.
Each Series (other than ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Government Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, FS Treasury Obligations Fund, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, FS Government Fund and FS Federal Fund) may invest in variable or floating rate participation interests in municipal obligations held by financial institutions (usually commercial banks). Such participation interests provide the Series with a specific undivided interest (up to 100%) in the underlying obligation and the right to demand payment of its proportional interest in the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest from the financial institution upon a specific number of days’ notice. In addition, the participation interest may be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee from the institution. The financial institution usually is entitled to a fee for servicing the obligation and providing the letter of credit.
Restricted and Other Illiquid Securities
A Series may purchase securities that are not registered (“restricted securities”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), including restricted securities that can be offered and sold to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. However, a Series will not invest more than 10% of the value of its net assets in securities which are illiquid, which includes fixed time deposits with a notice or demand period of more than seven days that cannot be traded on a secondary market and restricted securities. The Board of Trustees has adopted guidelines under which the Investment Adviser determines and monitors the liquidity of restricted securities subject to the oversight of the Trustees. Restricted securities (including securities issued under Rule 144A and commercial paper issued under Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act) which are determined to be liquid will not be deemed to be illiquid investments for purposes of the foregoing restriction. Since it is not possible to predict with assurance that the market for restricted securities will continue to be liquid, the Investment Adviser will monitor each Series’ investments in these securities, focusing on such important factors, among others, as valuation, liquidity and availability of information. This investment practice could have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in a Series to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become for a time uninterested in purchasing these restricted securities.
Municipal Obligations
The ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund, FS Money Market Fund, and FS Tax-Free Fund may invest in municipal obligations. Municipal obligations are issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and the District of Columbia to obtain funds for various public purposes. The interest on most of these obligations is generally exempt from regular federal income tax. The two principal classifications of municipal obligations are “notes” and “bonds.” The ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund and FS Money Market Fund may invest in municipal obligations when yields on such securities are attractive compared to other taxable investments.
Notes. Municipal notes are generally used to provide for short-term capital needs and generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, revenue
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anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, construction loan notes, tax-exempt commercial paper and certain receipts for municipal obligations.
Tax anticipation notes are sold to finance working capital needs of municipalities. They are generally payable from specific tax revenues expected to be received at a future date. They are frequently general obligations of the issuer, secured by the taxing power for payment of principal and interest. Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other types of revenue such as federal or state aid. Tax anticipation notes and revenue anticipation notes are generally issued in anticipation of various seasonal revenues such as income, sales, use, and business taxes. Bond anticipation notes are sold to provide interim financing in anticipation of long-term financing in the market. In most cases, these monies provide for the repayment of the notes. Tax-exempt commercial paper consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by a state or local government or an authority or agency thereof. The Series which invest in municipal obligations may also acquire securities in the form of custodial receipts which evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain state and local governmental and authority obligations when, in the opinion of bond counsel, if any, interest payments with respect to such custodial receipts are excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes, and in the case of the ILA Tax-Exempt California and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolios, exempt from California and New York (city and state) personal income taxes, respectively. Such obligations are held in custody by a bank on behalf of the holders of the receipts. These custodial receipts are known by various names, including “Municipal Receipts” (“MRs”) and “Municipal Certificates of Accrual on Tax-Exempt Securities” (“M-CATS”). There are a number of other types of notes issued for different purposes and secured differently from those described above.
Bonds. Municipal bonds, which generally meet longer term capital needs and have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications, “general obligation” bonds and “revenue” bonds.
General obligation bonds are issued by entities such as states, counties, cities, towns and regional districts and are used to fund a wide range of public projects including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes. The basic security of general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to rate or amount or special assessments.
Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility or group of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Although the principal security behind these bonds varies widely, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose monies may also be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer’s obligations. Housing finance authorities have a wide range of security including partially or fully insured, rent subsidized and/or collateralized mortgages, and/or the net revenues from housing or other public projects. In addition to a debt service reserve fund, some authorities provide further security in the form of a state’s ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund. Lease rental revenue bonds issued by a state or local authority for capital projects are secured by annual lease rental payments from the state or locality to the authority sufficient to cover debt service on the authority’s obligations.
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In purchasing municipal obligations, the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund rely on opinions of bond counsel as to the excludability of interest on such obligations from gross income for federal income tax purposes and, where applicable, the tax-exempt nature of such interest under the personal income tax laws of a particular state. These Series do not undertake independent investigations concerning the tax-exempt status of such obligations, nor do they guarantee or represent that bond counsels’ opinions are correct. Bond counsels’ opinions will generally be based in part upon covenants by the issuers and related parties regarding continuing compliance with federal tax requirements. Tax laws not only limit the purposes for which tax-exempt bonds may be issued and the supply of such bonds, but also contain numerous and complex requirements that must be satisfied on a continuing basis in order for bonds to be and remain tax-exempt. If the issuer of a bond or a user of a bond-financed facility fails to comply with such requirements at any time, interest on the bond could become taxable, retroactive to the date the obligation was issued. In that event, a portion of a Series’ distributions attributable to interest the Series received on such bond for the current year and for prior years could be characterized or recharacterized as taxable income.
Private activity bonds (a term that includes certain types of bonds the proceeds of which are used to a specified extent for the benefit of persons other than governmental units), although nominally issued by municipal authorities, are generally not secured by the taxing power of the municipality but are secured by the revenues of the authority derived from payments by the industrial user. Each Series (other than the ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio, ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Government Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, FS Treasury Obligations Fund, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, FS Government and FS Federal Funds) may invest in private activity bonds. The ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio will limit its investments in private activity bonds to not more than 20% of its net assets under normal market conditions. The ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund do not intend to invest in private activity bonds if the interest from such bonds would be an item of tax preference to shareholders under the federal alternative minimum tax. If such policy should change in the future, such investments would not exceed 20% of the net assets of each of the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and the FS Tax-Free Fund under normal market conditions. The ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund do not intend to invest more than 25% of the value of their respective total assets in private activity bonds or similar obligations where non-governmental entities supplying the revenues from which such bonds or obligations are to be paid are in the same industry.
Municipal bonds with a series of maturity dates are called serial bonds. The serial bonds which the Series may purchase are limited to short-term serial bonds—those with original or remaining maturities of thirteen months or less. The Series may purchase long-term bonds provided that they have a remaining maturity of thirteen months or less or, in the case of bonds called for redemption, the date on which the redemption payment must be made is within thirteen months. The Series may also purchase long-term bonds (sometimes referred to as “Put Bonds”), which are subject to a Series’ commitment to put the bond back to the issuer at par at a designated time within thirteen months and the issuer’s commitment to so purchase the bond at such price and time.
The Series which invest in municipal obligations may invest in municipal leases, certificates of participation and “moral obligation” bonds. A municipal lease is an obligation issued by a state or local government to acquire equipment or facilities. Certificates of participation represent interests in municipal leases or other instruments, such as installment contracts. Moral obligations bonds are
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supported by the moral commitment but not the legal obligation of a state or municipality. In particular, these instruments permit governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting constitutional and statutory requirements for the issuance of debt. If, however, the governmental issuer does not periodically appropriate money to enable it to meet its payment obligations under these instruments, it cannot be legally compelled to do so. If a default occurs, it is likely that a Series would be unable to obtain another acceptable source of payment. Some municipal leases, certificates of participation and moral obligation bonds may be illiquid.
The Series which invest in municipal obligations may also invest in tender option bonds. A tender option bond is a municipal obligation (generally held pursuant to a custodial arrangement) having a relatively long maturity and bearing interest at a fixed rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates. The bond is typically issued in conjunction with the agreement of a third party, such as a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution, pursuant to which such institution grants the security holder the option, at periodic intervals, to tender its securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the financial institution receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the bond’s fixed coupon rate and the rate, as determined by a remarketing or similar agent at or near the commencement of such period, that would cause the bond, coupled with the tender option, to trade at par on the date of such determination. Thus, after payment of this fee, the security holder effectively holds a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term, tax- exempt rate. However, an institution will not be obligated to accept tendered bonds in the event of certain defaults by, or a significant downgrading in the credit rating assigned to, the issuer of the bond.
The tender option will be taken into consideration in determining the maturity of tender option bonds and the average portfolio maturity of a Series. The liquidity of a tender option bond is a function of the credit quality of both the bond issuer and the financial institution providing liquidity. Consequently, tender option bonds are deemed to be liquid unless, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, the credit quality of the bond issuer and the financial institution is deemed, in light of the relevant Series’ credit quality requirements, to be inadequate.
Although the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund intend to invest in tender option bonds the interest on which will, in the opinion of counsel for the issuer and sponsor or counsel selected by the Investment Adviser, be excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes, there is no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will agree with such counsel’s opinion in any particular case. Consequently, there is a risk that a Series will not be considered the owner of such tender option bonds and thus will not be entitled to treat such interest as exempt from such tax. A similar risk exists for certain other investments subject to puts or similar rights. Additionally, the federal income tax treatment of certain other aspects of these investments, including the proper tax treatment of tender options and the associated fees, in relation to various regulated investment company tax provisions is unclear. The ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund intend to manage their respective portfolios in a manner designed to eliminate or minimize any adverse impact from the tax rules applicable to these investments.
In addition to general obligation bonds, revenue bonds and serial bonds, there are a variety of hybrid and special types of municipal obligations as well as numerous differences in the security of municipal obligations both within and between the two principal classifications above.
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A Series may purchase municipal instruments that are backed by letters of credit issued by foreign banks that have a branch, agency or subsidiary in the United States. Such letters of credit, like other obligations of foreign banks, may involve credit risks in addition to those of domestic obligations, including risks relating to future political and economic developments, nationalization, foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls and difficulties in obtaining or enforcing a judgment against a foreign bank (including branches).
For the purpose of investment restrictions of the Series, the identification of the “issuer” of municipal obligations that are not general obligation bonds is made by the Investment Adviser on the basis of the characteristics of the obligations as described above, the most significant of which is the source of funds for the payment of principal of and interest on such obligations.
An entire issue of municipal obligations may be purchased by one or a small number of institutional investors such as one of the Series. Thus, the issue may not be said to be publicly offered. Unlike securities which must be registered under the 1933 Act prior to offer and sale, municipal obligations which are not publicly offered may nevertheless be readily marketable. A secondary market may exist for municipal obligations which were not publicly offered initially.
Municipal obligations purchased for a Series may be subject to the Series’ policy on holdings of illiquid securities. The Investment Adviser determines whether a municipal obligation is liquid based on whether it may be sold in a reasonable time consistent with the customs of the municipal markets (usually seven days) at a price (or interest rate) which accurately reflects its value. The Investment Adviser believes that the quality standards applicable to each Series’ investments enhance liquidity. In addition, stand-by commitments and demand obligations also enhance liquidity.
Yields on municipal obligations depend on a variety of factors, including money market conditions, municipal bond market conditions, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the quality of the issue. High quality municipal obligations tend to have a lower yield than lower rated obligations. Municipal obligations are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or municipalities to levy taxes. There is also the possibility that as a result of litigation or other conditions the power or ability of any one or more issuers to pay when due principal of and interest on its or their municipal obligations may be materially affected.
Temporary Taxable Investments
The ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Money Market Fund may temporarily invest in the taxable money market instruments described in the foregoing sections. When a Fund’s assets are invested in such instruments, a Fund may not be achieving its investment objective of providing income except from federal and/or applicable state income taxes.
Special Risk Considerations Relating to California Municipal Obligations
The financial condition of the State of California (“California” or the “State”), its public authorities and local governments could affect the market values and marketability of, and therefore the net asset value per share and the interest income of, the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, or
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result in the default of existing obligations, including obligations which may be held by the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio. The following section provides only a brief summary of the complex factors affecting the financial condition of California, and is based on information obtained from California, as publicly available prior to the date of this Additional Statement. The information contained in such publicly available documents has not been independently verified. It should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local issuers may be unrelated to the creditworthiness of California, and that there is no obligation on the part of California to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default in the absence of a specific guarantee or pledge provided by California.
Overview
Following several years of very strong growth in the late 1990s, which produced large State revenue surpluses, the State’s financial condition started to worsen since the start of 2001, with the combination of a mild Statewide economic recession (but with a severe downturn in the high technology sector centered in the San Francisco Bay Area) and a dramatic decline in revenue from capital gains and stock option activity resulting from the decline in stock market levels after mid-2000. Over several years, revenues proved to be substantially lower than projections, largely because of continued weakness in the economy and stock markets. This resulted in an accumulated budget deficit by June 30, 2003 estimated at over $10 billion, and caused a severe cash shortage.
In October, 2003, a successful recall election resulted in the replacement of the prior Governor with new Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. On March 2, 2004, voters approved two companion ballot propositions which had been sponsored by the Governor. Proposition 57 authorized issuance of $15 billion of “economic recovery bonds” to fund previous budget deficits. About $11 billion of these bonds were issued in the spring of 2004 to fund the accumulated budget deficits and provide about $2 billion for the 2004-05 fiscal year budget. Proposition 58 implemented changes in state budget procedures designed to mandate adoption of balanced budgets in the future, to grant greater mid-year budget adjustment powers, to require creation of a budget reserve, and to prohibit future long-term borrowing to finance budget deficits. See “Recent Financial Results – Balanced Budget Amendment” below.
The final 2004-05 and 2005-06 fiscal year budgets continued the pattern of recent years, with a combination of expenditure reductions, one-time funding mechanisms and borrowing from both external markets, other State funds and local governments. Although revenue results in the last two fiscal years have exceeded projections, budgets have been balanced using borrowing and other one-time techniques. The Administration estimates the State continues to have an underlying “structural deficit” between ongoing revenue sources and ongoing program requirements, including repayment of previous budgetary borrowings. The Administration has estimated, in the Governor’s Budget for 2006-07, released January 10, 2006, that continuing strong revenue results, mirroring a growing economy in the State, will give the State an ending budgetary surplus at June 30, 2006 of about $6.5 billion. While this surplus will be sufficient to allow the 2006-07 budget to be in balance, future budgets will show a recurrence of the structural deficit unless more permanent actions are taken.
The State faced serious cash flow difficulties in the period 2002-2004 as a result of ongoing budget deficits and severely reduced revenues. It resorted to a series of external borrowings starting in the fall of 2001 to assure sufficient cash resources to pay its ongoing obligations, including maturing cash flow notes. The State issued $14 billion of cash flow notes to fund its requirements in the 2003-04 fiscal year, maturing in June, 2004. Repayment of this borrowing was accomplished with a
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combination of ongoing revenues and proceeds from the issuance of the economic recovery bonds approved at the March 2004 election. The State’s cash flow borrowing was reduced to $6 billion in 2004-05 and $3 billion in 2005-06, and has been limited to covering normal cash management requirements during the fiscal year. Although about $3.75 billion of economic recovery bond capacity remains, the State budget still contains a large structural deficit. Unless this structural deficit can be addressed on a long-term basis, the State may continue to require access to external capital markets to meet its cash requirements.
The expenditure reductions and budget pressures in recent years on the State budget have resulted in continuing fiscal pressures on local governments throughout the State. As part of the 2004-05 State budget, the Governor reached an agreement to borrow $1.3 billion for each of two years, to be repaid after the 2005-06 fiscal year, from cities, counties, redevelopment agencies and other districts, in return for a constitutional amendment which would severely restrict such borrowings in the future. Several years of budget borrowing from transportation funds have left many State and local transportation construction projects without adequate funds.
Economic Factors
California’s economy is the largest among the 50 states and one of the largest 5 or 6 in the world. The State’s population of about 37 million (July 1, 2005 estimate) represents about 12-1/2% of the total United States population and grew by 26% in the 1980s, more than double the national rate. Population growth slowed to less than 1% annually in the early 1990’s due to a serious economic recession. For the decade of the 2000s, growth has returned to between 1 and 1.5 percent annually since 1997. The bulk of population growth in the State is due to births and foreign immigration.
Total personal income in the State, at an estimated $1,338 billion in 2005, accounts for about 13% of all personal income in the nation. Total civilian employment was over 16.8 million in 2005, the majority of which is in the service, trade and manufacturing sectors.
California began a period of strong economic growth in 1994 in virtually all sectors, particularly in high technology manufacturing and services, including computer software and other services, entertainment, tourism, and construction, and also with very strong growth in exports. The California economy outpaced the nation during this period. By the end of 2000, unemployment in the State had dropped to under 5%, its lowest level in three decades. In 2001, the State finally showed the impact of the nationwide economic slowdown, coupled with a cyclical downturn in the high technology sector (including Internet-related businesses) and entered a mild recession. International trade also slowed between 2001 and 2003 reflecting weakness in overseas economies (particularly in Asia). Job losses were concentrated in the San Francisco Bay Area, particularly in high technology industries; economic conditions have been better in other parts of the State.
Statewide, modest job growth resumed in the second half of 2003 and has continued through 2005. Nonfarm payroll employment in 2005 was about 1.5 percent higher than in 2004. The unemployment rate in 2005, averaging 5.4 percent, was the lowest in four years, and almost one percent lower than 2004. Most significantly, in 2005 economic growth in San Francisco Bay Area was at almost the same level as in Southern California. Personal income also showed strong growth, with a 6.0 percent gain in 2005 as compared to the year earlier. Residential construction and existing home sales remained strong in 2004 and the first three quarters of 2005, in part due to low interest rates, but new housing permits issued, and existing home sales slowed in the last quarter of 2005 and into 2006, indicating a cooling of the housing market. After several weak years, nonresidential construction grew
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more strongly in 2004 and 2005. Exports through California ports reversed their declines of several years and showed year-over-year increases in 2003, 2004 and 2005. In January, 2006, the State Department of Finance projected continued growth in the economy in 2006 but at a more moderate rate than before. California’s economic growth will remain tied to the overall national economy.
Constitutional Limitations on Taxes, Other Charges and Appropriations
Limitation on Property Taxes. Certain California debt obligations may be obligations of issuers which rely in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, on ad valorem property taxes as a source of revenue. The taxing powers of California local governments and districts are limited by Article XIIIA of the California Constitution, enacted by the voters in 1978 and commonly known as “Proposition 13.” Briefly, Article XIIIA limits the rate of ad valorem property taxes to 1% of full cash value of real property and generally restricts the reassessment of property to 2% per year, except upon new construction or change of ownership (subject to a number of exemptions). Taxing entities may, however, raise ad valorem taxes above the 1% limit to pay debt service on voter-approved bonded indebtedness.
Under Article XIIIA, the basic 1% ad valorem tax levy is applied against the assessed value of property as of the owner’s date of acquisition (or as of March 1, 1975, if acquired earlier), subject to certain adjustments. This system has resulted in widely varying amounts of tax on similarly situated properties. Several lawsuits were filed challenging the acquisition-based assessment system of Proposition 13, but it was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1992. Article XIIIA prohibits local governments from raising revenues through ad valorem taxes above the 1% limit; it also requires voters of any governmental unit to give two-thirds approval to levy any “special tax.”
Limitations on Other Taxes, Fees and Charges. On November 5, 1996, the voters of the State approved Proposition 218, called the “Right to Vote on Taxes Act.” Proposition 218 added Articles XIIIC and XIIID to the State Constitution, which contain a number of provisions affecting the ability of local agencies to levy and collect both existing and future taxes, assessments, fees and charges.
Article XIIIC requires that all new or increased local taxes be submitted to the voters before they become effective. Taxes for general governmental purposes require a majority vote and taxes for specific purposes require a two-thirds vote.
Article XIIID contains several new provisions making it generally more difficult for local agencies to levy and maintain “assessments” for municipal services and programs. Article XIIID also contains several new provisions affecting “fees” and “charges”, defined for purposes of Article XIIID to mean “any levy other than an ad valorem tax, a special tax, or an assessment, imposed by a local government upon a parcel or upon a person as an incident of property ownership, including a user fee or charge for a property related service.” All new and existing property related fees and charges must conform to requirements prohibiting, among other things, fees and charges which generate revenues exceeding the funds required to provide the property related service or are used for unrelated purposes. There are new notice, hearing and protest procedures for levying or increasing property related fees and charges, and, except for fees or charges for sewer, water and refuse collection services (or fees for electrical and gas service, which are not treated as “property related” for purposes of Article XIIID), no property related fee or charge may be imposed or increased without majority approval by the property owners subject to the fee or charge or, at the option of the local agency, two-thirds voter approval by the electorate residing in the affected area.
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In addition to the provisions described above, Article XIIIC removes limitations on the initiative power in matters of local taxes, assessments, fees and charges. Consequently, local voters could, by future initiative, repeal, reduce or prohibit the future imposition or increase of any local tax, assessment, fee or charge. It is unclear how this right of local initiative may be used in cases where taxes or charges have been or will be specifically pledged to secure debt issues. The interpretation and application of Proposition 218 will ultimately be determined by the courts with respect to a number of matters, and it is not possible at this time to predict with certainty the outcome of such cases.
Appropriations Limits. The State and its local governments are subject to an annual “appropriations limit” imposed by Article XIIIB of the California Constitution, enacted by the voters in 1979 and significantly amended by Propositions 98 and 111 in 1988 and 1990, respectively. Article XIIIB prohibits the State or any covered local government from spending “appropriations subject to limitation” in excess of the appropriations limit imposed. “Appropriations subject to limitation” are authorizations to spend “proceeds of taxes,” which consist of tax revenues and certain other funds, including proceeds from regulatory licenses, user charges or other fees, to the extent that such proceeds exceed the cost of providing the product or service, but “proceeds of taxes” exclude most State subventions to local governments. No limit is imposed on appropriations of funds which are not “proceeds of taxes,” such as reasonable user charges or fees, and certain other non-tax funds, including bond proceeds.
Among the expenditures not included in the Article XIIIB appropriations limit are (1) the debt service cost of bonds issued or authorized prior to January 1, 1979, or subsequently authorized by the voters, (2) appropriations to comply with mandates of courts or the federal government, (3) appropriations for certain capital outlay projects, (4) appropriations by the State of post-1989 increases in gasoline taxes and vehicle weight fees, and (5) appropriations made in certain cases of emergency.
The appropriations limit for each year is adjusted annually to reflect changes in cost of living and population, and any transfers of service responsibilities between government units. The definitions for such adjustments were liberalized in 1990 to follow more closely growth in the State’s economy.
“Excess” revenues are measured over a two year cycle. Local governments must return any excess to taxpayers by rate reductions. The State must refund 50% of any excess, with the other 50% paid to schools and community colleges. With more liberal annual adjustment factors since 1988, and depressed revenues in the early 1990’s because of the recession, few governments have been operating near their spending limits, but this condition may change over time. Local governments may by voter approval exceed their spending limits for up to four years. Because of extraordinary revenue receipts in fiscal year 1999-2000, State appropriations were estimated to be about $975 million above the limit. However, since the State was $2.1 billion below its limit in fiscal year 2000-01, resulting in no excess over the two-year period, no refunds were made. 1999-2000 was the only fiscal year since the late 1980’s when State appropriations were above the limit. The State Department of Finance estimates the State was about $7.6 billion below the limit in 2004-05, and will be about $11.3 billion below its limit in 2005-06.
Because of the complex nature of Articles XIIIA, XIIIB, XIIIC and XIIID of the California Constitution, the ambiguities and possible inconsistencies in their terms, and the impossibility of predicting future appropriations or changes in population and cost of living, and the probability of continuing legal challenges, it is not currently possible to determine fully the impact of these Articles on California Debt Obligations or on the ability of the State or local governments to pay debt service
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on such California Debt Obligations. It is not possible, at the present time, to predict the outcome of any pending litigation with respect to the ultimate scope, impact or constitutionality of these Articles or the impact of any such determinations upon State agencies or local governments, or upon their ability to pay debt service on their obligations. Further initiatives or legislative changes in laws or the California Constitution may also affect the ability of the State or local issuers to repay their obligations.
Obligations of the State of California
Under the California Constitution, debt service on outstanding general obligation bonds is the second charge to the General Fund after support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education. As of February 1, 2006, the State had outstanding approximately $35.7 billion of long-term general obligation bonds and $7.8 billion of lease-purchase debt supported by the State General Fund. The State also had about $12.2 billion of general obligation bonds which were supported by other revenues, including economic recovery bonds payable from a special sales tax. As of February 1, 2006 the State had about $28.4 billion of authorized and unissued General Fund-supported long-term general obligation bonds and $3.0 billion of authorized and unissued lease-purchase debt. In the 2004-05 fiscal year, debt service on General Fund-supported general obligation bonds and lease purchase debt was approximately 4.85% of General Fund revenues. See also “Bond Ratings” below.
Obligations of State Agencies
A number of State agencies and authorities issue obligations secured or payable from specified revenue streams. These obligations are not payable from the State’s General Fund and carry different ratings than the State’s general obligation bonds. The State’s Department of Water Resources has been one of the largest issuers of revenue bonds in recent years, with over $13 billion of outstanding bonds secured by power and water users. The California Housing Finance Agency has issued over $7 billion of bonds secured by mortgage loans made for single family and multi-family housing units. None of these revenue bonds is backed by the State’s faith and credit or taxing power.
Recent Financial Results
The principal sources of General Fund tax revenues in 2004-05 were the California personal income tax (52 percent of total tax revenues), the sales and use tax (31 percent), and the corporation tax (11 percent). A large portion of personal income tax receipts was derived from capital gains realizations and stock option income. While these sources were extraordinarily strong in the late 1990’s and 2000, they are particularly volatile. The Department of Finance has projected that this source of revenue dropped from $17.6 billion, or 25% of all General Fund revenues in 1999-2000 to $5.2 billion, or 7% in 2001-02; this represents the bulk of the total General Fund revenue shortfall in this period. This source was projected to increase to about 12% of General Fund revenues in 2004-05 and about 13% in 2005-06.
The State maintains a Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties (the “SFEU”), derived from General Fund revenues, as a reserve to meet cash needs of the General Fund, but which is required to be replenished as soon as sufficient revenues are available. Year-end balances in the SFEU are included for financial reporting purposes in the General Fund balance.
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Throughout the 1980’s, State spending increased rapidly as the State population and economy also grew rapidly, including increased spending for many assistance programs to local governments, which were constrained by Proposition 13 and other laws. The largest State program is assistance to local public school districts. In 1988, an initiative (Proposition 98) was enacted which (subject to suspension by a two-thirds vote of the Legislature and the Governor) guarantees local school districts and community college districts a minimum share of State General Fund revenues (currently about 35 percent).
The substantial declines in the stock markets have adversely affected the earnings of State pension funds, and have created unfunded future pension liabilities, where there had been surpluses several years ago. The State’s annual contributions to the Public Employee’s Retirement System have increased from $157 million in the 2000-01 fiscal year to $2.4 billion in the 2005-06 fiscal year. The State will pay about $895 million in the 2005-06 fiscal year for “pay as you go” funding for health benefits for retired State employees. Starting in fiscal year 2007-08, accounting rules will require the State to estimate the actuarial cost of this future liability; the State has not computed this liability to date. Once an actuarial estimate is made, the State’s credit ratings may be affected if the State does not reduce or manage the unfunded liability.
Balanced Budget Amendment
On March 2, 2004, voters approved Proposition 58, a constitutional amendment called the “Balanced Budget Amendment,” which will affect future State budgeting procedures. This amendment was linked to Proposition 57, also approved by the voters, which authorized issuance of $15 billion of long-term general obligation bonds, additionally secured by a 1/4 cent increment of the State’s sales tax, which will eliminate the accumulated budget deficits through June 30, 2004 and certain additional obligations incurred by the State.
The Balanced Budget Amendment will require the Legislature, starting in the 2004-05 fiscal year, to enact a budget bill in which General Fund expenditures do not exceed estimated General Fund revenues and available reserves After passage of the budget act, if the Governor determines that the State is facing substantial revenue shortfalls or spending deficiencies, the Governor may declare a fiscal emergency, and propose legislation to address the emergency. The Legislature would be called in to special session to address this proposal. If the Legislature failed to send legislation to the Governor to address the fiscal emergency within 45 days, it would be prohibited from acting on any other bills or adjourning until fiscal legislation is passed.
The Amendment also creates a special reserve called the Budget Stabilization Account in the State General Fund. Beginning in the 2006-07 fiscal year, a portion of estimated annual General Fund revenues would be transferred by the Controller into the Account not later than September 30 of each year. The transfer begins at 1 percent of revenues, and increases annually to reach a level of 3 percent. (The initial transfer of about $920 million in September 2006 is included in the Governor’s proposed budget for 2006-07.) The transfers would continue until the Budget Stabilization Account reaches a balance of the greater of $8 billion or 5 percent of General Fund revenue. Moneys in the Account may be used to make up for unexpected budget imbalances, but will then have to be replenished with future transfers until the target level is reached. The annual transfer can be suspended by the Governor by an executive order issued not later than June 1 of the preceding fiscal year. The Amendment requires that one half of the Budget Stabilization Account deposits, up to an aggregate of $5 billion, shall be transferred to the State Treasurer to provide for early redemption of the economic recovery bonds approved by Proposition 57.
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A final provision of the Amendment will prohibit future long-term bond issuances for the purpose of funding budget deficits, once the bonds authorized by Proposition 57 are issued. Short term borrowing for cash flow management will continue to be authorized.
State-local Fiscal Relations
In November, 2004, voters approved Proposition 1A, which made significant changes in the fiscal relationship between the State and local governments. In return for a $2.6 billion contribution to State budgets in the 2004-05 and 2005-06 fiscal years, Proposition 1A prohibits the State from accessing local governments’ property tax, sales tax and vehicle license fee revenues except under limited circumstances. Starting in the 2008-09 fiscal year the State can borrow up to 8 percent of local property tax revenues but only if the Governor declares a fiscal hardship and with 2/3 approval of each house of the Legislature. This amount must be repaid within three years, and such borrowing can only be done twice in any ten-year period. Proposition 1A also strengthens requirements for the State to reimburse local governments if it enacts certain kinds of laws which mandate increased local spending. Proposition 1A is intended to produce greater certainty for local governments, but will reduce the State’s options for dealing with budget shortfalls in the future.
Recent Budgets Prior to 2004-05
The economy, and especially the stock markets, grew strongly during the second half of the 1990’s, and as a result, the General Fund took in substantially greater tax revenues (an aggregate of more than $20 billion over the six fiscal years 1995-96 through 2000-01) than were initially planned when the budgets were enacted. These additional funds were largely directed to school spending as mandated by Proposition 98, and to make up shortfalls from reduced federal health and welfare aid in 1995-96 and 1996-97. In 1998-99 through 2000-01, new spending programs were also enacted, particularly for education, new capital outlay projects were funded from current receipts, and significant tax reductions were enacted. The Department of Finance estimates that the State’s budget reserve (the SFEU) reached a high point of $8.7 billion at June 30, 2000. In the ensuing three years, the combination of continuing high spending levels and substantially reduced revenues resulting from the economic slowdown and stock market decline brought the estimated balance of the SFEU to a negative $8.6 billion by June 30, 2003.
The growth in General Fund revenues since 1994-95 resulted in significant increases in State funding for local school districts under Proposition 98, an initiative measure adopted in 1988 which guarantees a minimum percentage of General Fund revenues for K-14 schools. From the 1994-95 level of about $4,200 per pupil, annual State funding has increased to over $7,000 per pupil in the 2005-06 fiscal year. A significant amount of the new moneys have been directed to specific educational reforms, including reduction of class sizes in many grade levels.
An important element of Budget Acts during the years of large capital gains receipts was agreement on substantial tax cuts. The largest of these was a phased-in cut in the Vehicle License Fee (an annual tax on the value of cars registered in the State, the “VLF”). Starting on January 1, 1999, the VLF was reduced by 25 percent, which was increased in steps to a 67.5% reduction effective January 1, 2001. Under pre-existing law, VLF funds were automatically transferred to cities and counties, so the new legislation provided for the General Fund to make up the reductions. The full 67.5% percent VLF cut was offset by transfers of about $4.2 billion annually from the General Fund. Other miscellaneous business and personal tax cuts and tax credits were of a much smaller overall amount.
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The previous Governor attempted to raise the VLF back to its 1998 level because of shortfalls in General Fund money in 2003 to make the “offset” to cities and counties. Subsequently, the newly elected Governor Schwarzenegger reversed this action and committed to retain the VLF cut and the offset to local governments. A subsequent Constitutional Amendment has replaced the offset with a larger share of local property taxes for cities and counties.
The severe downturn in General Fund revenues in the years after 2000 made adoption of State budgets very difficult. Expenditures were much greater than revenues, resulting in several successive years of budget deficits, which reached almost $10 billion by June 30, 2003. Budgets were enacted using a combination of spending reductions, borrowing from special funds, one-time accounting and other actions, borrowing from local governments, funding shifts and deferrals, and external borrowing. In March, 2004, voters approved issuance of up to $15 billion of “economic recovery bonds” which were designed to repay the accumulated budget deficits over time, using a special, dedicated one-quarter cut state sales tax. About $11.3 billion of these bonds were issued in the Spring of 2004. About $9.3 billion was allocated to eliminate the accumulated, prior budget deficit, and $2.0 billion was allocated to help balance the 2004-05 Budget. No further economic recovery bonds have been issued, nor are any proposed for the 2005-06 or 2006-07 fiscal years, but the authorization remains for issuance of the balance of these bonds.
Fiscal Year 2004-05 Budget
Governor’s Budget Proposals. The Proposed 2004-05 Governor’s Budget (the “2005 Governor’s Budget”) released on January 9, 2004 by the new Schwarzenegger Administration, reported that, in the absence of corrective action to change existing policies, operating deficits of about $14 billion would be incurred for the 2004-05 fiscal year. The original 2003-04 Budget Act estimated a budget reserve (SFEU) at June 30, 2004 of about $2 billion. The 2004 Governor’s Budget revised this estimate to about $290 million, assuming enactment of certain mid-year budget adjustment proposals (which were not adopted).
2004-05 Budget Act. Following lengthy negotiations between the Governor and the Legislature, the 2004 Budget Act was adopted on July 29, 2004. The Budget Act projected General Fund revenues and transfers of $77.3 billion (including application of $2 billion of economic recovery bond proceeds). Expenditures were estimated at $80.7 billion (the gap being made up from carryover resources from the prior year) and the year-end reserve at June 30, 2005 was estimated at $768 million. In October, 2004, the State issued $6 billion of revenue anticipation notes, due June 30, 2005, to cover normal cash flow needs during the fiscal year. The major features of the 2004 Budget Act were the following:
1. Suspension of Proposition 98. — The minimum Proposition 98 funding guarantee for public schools was suspended, to save about $2 billion. This still provided an increase in funding for public schools to cover enrollment growth and inflation. (When final revenue results for 2004-05 were counted, well above the estimates made when the budget was adopted, the waiver of the minimum funding guarantee resulted in a saving of almost $4 billion.)
2. Spending Reductions — Cuts were made in General Fund support for higher education, to be offset by fee increases. After 2004-05, the Governor promised to allow a uniform fee increase policy, and to start to restore funding to State universities. As a result of budget cuts, State higher education units had to limit admissions for the first time in many years. Limited reductions were made
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in health and welfare costs, saving about $1 billion. The Governor proposed a wide range of reductions in health and social services programs which will largely take effect in future years.
3. External Borrowing/Pension Costs — The budget included a reduction in pension costs for new employees for the first two years of employment. The Governor also proposed a $929 million pension obligation bond issuance assuming timely and successful appeal of a lawsuit which blocked an earlier pension obligation bond issue. This proposal was not implemented before June 30, 2005, because of continuing litigation.
4. Other Borrowing — The budget reduced General Fund payments to schools by transferring an additional $1.3 billion of city and county property taxes to school districts. This was incorporated into Proposition 1A, and was repeated in 2005-06. The budget also saved $1.1 billion by suspending planned General Fund transfer of gasoline tax moneys for the Transportation Investment Fund enacted several years earlier in better fiscal times. The budget included a proposal to use moneys from new tribal gaming compacts with five tribes to obtain about $300 million of new General Fund revenue (a figure later reduced to $16 million) and to sell about $1 billion of bonds secured by future tribal payments to repay the loans from the Transportation Investment Fund to accelerate construction of transportation projects. This bond transaction did not occur pending the outcome of certain litigation.
In the May Revision of the 2005-06 Proposed Governor’s Budget, released on May 13, 2005 (“2006 May Revision”), the State Department of Finance estimated that the 2004-05 fiscal year would end with a larger budget reserve than was projected when the 2004 Budget Act was passed. This was due to a combination of higher than expected revenues resulting from a stronger economy, and better than expected results from a tax amnesty program. Both revenues and expenditures for 2004-05 were projected to increase from initial estimates, to $79.5 billion and $82.0 billion, respectively.
Fiscal Year 2005-06 Budget
The initial 2006 Governor’s Budget, released January 10, 2005, projected that revenues for the 2005-06 fiscal year would increase from the prior year by about $5.2 billion, as a result of the improving economy. However, under current programs and laws, the Governor stated that expenditures would increase by $10 billion. To close an estimated $9 billion budget gap, the Governor proposed a number of budget solutions, without tax increases, to be coupled with fundamental reforms which would have to approved by the voters. In the 2006 May Revision, the Administration estimated that improved revenues from stronger economic conditions had reduced the budget gap to about $4 billion. This permitted the Administration to revise its projected budget solutions.
The 2005 Budget Act was signed by the Governor on July 11, 2005. General Fund revenues and transfers are projected to increase 5.7 percent, from $79.9 billion in fiscal year 2004-05 to $84.5 billion in fiscal year 2005-06. The 2005 Budget Act contains General Fund appropriations of $90.0 billion, compared to $81.7 billion in 2004-05. The difference between revenues and expenditures in fiscal year 2005-06 is funded by using a part of the $7.5 billion fund balance at June 30, 2005. The June 30, 2006 reserve is projected to be $1.302 billion, compared to an estimated June 30, 2005 reserve of $6.857 billion. About $900 million of this reserve will be set aside for payment in fiscal year 2006-07 of tax refunds and other adjustments related to the tax amnesty program implemented in early 2005.
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The 2005 Budget Act also includes Special Fund expenditures of $23.3 billion and Bond Fund expenditures of $4.0 billion. The state issued $3.0 billion of Revenue Anticipation Notes (RANs) to meet the its short-term cash flow needs for fiscal year 2005-06, the smallest cash flow borrowing in five years.
The 2005 Budget Act was substantially similar to the Governor’s May Revision proposals. It contained the following major components:
1. Proposition 98–General Fund expenditures increased by $2.582 billion, or 7.6 percent, to $36.6 billion. The Budget Act fully funded enrollment growth and a 4.23 percent cost of living increase. Per pupil spending under Proposition 98 was projected to be $7,402, compared to $7,023 in the previous year. The Budget reflected savings of $3.8 billion resulting from the waiver of the minimum funding guarantee in 2004-05, which will be restored to the Proposition 98 budget in future years as General Fund revenue growth exceeds personal income growth.
2. Higher Education–The 2005 Budget Act provided for total Higher Education funding of $17.8 billion from all revenue sources, including $10.2 billion General Fund. General Fund support for both the UC and CSU was increased by $134 million (about 5 percent) compared to 2004-05. The Budget Act assumed fee increases for undergraduate and graduate students.
3. Health and Human Services–The 2005 Budget Act increased General Fund expenditures by $2.1 billion, or 8.5 percent, to $27.1 billion for Health and Human Services programs. The Budget reflected the suspension of the July 2005 and July 2006 CalWORKs grant cost-of-living-adjustments (COLAs), yielding General Fund savings of $136 million in 2005-06 and $139 million in 2006-07. The Budget further assumed the January 2006 and January 2007 COLAs for SSI/SSP recipients will be suspended for estimated General Fund savings of $132 million in 2005-06, $407.5 million in 2006-07, and $281 million in 2007-08. The Budget also included federal fiscal relief of $223 million due to progress in implementing a single, statewide automated child support system.
4. Vehicle License Fee Gap Loan Repayment–The 2005 Budget Act fully repaid the $1.2 billion that local governments lost between July and October of 2003, when the Vehicle License Fee offset program was temporarily suspended. The state was not required to repay the gap loan until August of 2006. This payment was made in August, 2005.
5. Transportation Funding–The Proposition 42 provision for sales taxes on gasoline to be used for transportation projects was fully funded at an estimated $1.3 billion. (The original budget proposal called for the suspension of this transfer to boost General Fund revenues.) The Budget Act includes a proposal, originally included in the 2004-05 budget, to provide about $1 billion for transportation programs from the sale of future receipts of gaming revenues from new compacts with several Indian tribes. The sale, and a related bond issue, are waiting for resolution of litigation concerning these compacts.
6. Financial Instruments–The Governor’s original plan to sell $1.7 billion of additional deficit financing bonds was deleted from the budget following higher revenue estimates in the May Revision of the Governor’s Budget. The 2005 Budget Act assumed the state’s issuance of pension obligation bonds to fund approximately $525 million of the state’s 2005-06 retirement obligation to the California Public Employees’ Retirement System. However, because of an adverse trial court decision in a lawsuit challenging the validity of these bonds, and the time which would be required for an appeal, these bonds will not be issued before June 30, 2006, and other funds will be required make the
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pension fund payment. The Budget further reflected the receipt of $525 million in August, 2005 from the refinancing of tobacco securitization bonds. The original 2005-06 Governor’s Budget had included a proposal to issue $464 million of judgment bonds to finance the settlement of lawsuits arising from flood damage in earlier years, but subsequent developments led to the removal of this proposal from the budget. The State settled three related lawsuits through stipulated judgments. The largest settlement, in the amount of $428 million, provides for the State to make annual payments of $42.8 million per year, plus interest, for ten years; the payments are subject to annual appropriation by the Legislature. The first year’s payment, as well as $36 million to fully discharge the other two stipulated judgments, is included in the 2005 Budget Act.
7. Taxes — The Budget Act contains no new taxes.
2006-07 Governor’s Proposed Budget
The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget, released on January 10, 2006, estimates that the operating deficit for 2006-07 will be $6.3 billion. About $1.6 billion of this gap, however, is based on prepayments and scheduled payments from the General Fund to other funds and sources, which were used to balance earlier budgets, leaving what the Administration termed as an “effective operating deficit” of about $4.7 billion.
The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget projects to end fiscal year 2006-07 with a $613 million total reserve, including $460 million in the newly created Budget Stabilization Account. General Fund revenues and transfers for fiscal year 2006-07 are projected at $91.5 billion, an increase of $3.9 billion compared with revised estimates for fiscal year 2005-06. The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget, among other assumptions, reflects an increase in major revenues of $4.8 billion, or 5.7 percent, due to continued economic growth.
General Fund expenditures for fiscal year 2006-07 are projected at $97.9 billion, an increase of $7.6 billion, or 8.4%, compared with revised estimates for 2005-06. The Budget would be balanced by using the estimated 2005-06 ending fund balance of $7.0 billion. The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget has the following major components:
1. Proposition 98–General Fund expenditures are proposed at $40.5 billion, which is an increase of $4.1 billion, or 11.4 percent, compared to the revised 2005-06 estimate. When property taxes are taken into account, the total Proposition 98 guarantee is $54.3 billion, which is an increase of $4.3 billion, or 8.7 percent. This level of funding also reflects $1.7 billion in Proposition 98 spending above the level that otherwise would have been required by the Proposition 98 guarantee for 2006-07.
2. Higher Education–The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget proposes General Fund expenditures at $11.2 billion, an increase of $1.1 billion, or 10.5 percent. The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget proposes additional funding of $75 million for UC and $54.4 million for CSU so that no student fee increase would be required in 2006-07.
3. Health and Human Services—The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget proposes $28.4 billion General Fund to be spent on Health and Human Services programs, which is an increase of $1.2 billion, or 4.4 percent, from the revised 2005-06 estimate. This net increase includes, among other things, the following major adjustments: (1) Caseload and other workload increases totaling $1.3 billion; (2) CalWORKs (the State welfare program) reductions of $198.9 million to maintain expenditures at the federally required level of state funding; and (3) Savings of $48.1 million in 2006-
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07 and over $185 million in 2007-08 by continuing to suspend certain cost-of-living adjustments until July 2008.
4. Transportation Funding–The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget includes $1.4 billion to fully fund Proposition 42 in 2006-07 and $920 million for advance payment of a portion of the 2004-05 Proposition 42 loan due in 2007-08 (including interest). Approximately $430 million (including interest) remains to be paid in 2007-08. (Proposition 42 dedicates the sales tax on gasoline to transportation purposes, but allows suspension when budgetary needs arise, which was done for several years, giving rise to a repayment obligation.)
5. Budget Stabilization Account–The 2006-07 Governor’s Budget includes a total of $920 million to be transferred to the Budget Stabilization Account (BSA), pursuant to Proposition 58. Half of this amount, or $460 million, will remain in the BSA as a reserve. The other half will be further transferred for the purpose of early retirement of Economic Recovery Bonds.
Strategic Growth Plan
The Governor proposed a comprehensive Strategic Growth Plan, which is the first installment of a 20-year investment in the state’s infrastructure in the following five areas: transportation and air quality, education, flood control and water supply, public safety, and court and other public service infrastructure. Specifically, this plan lays out more than $222 billion in infrastructure investments over the first ten years, of which $68 billion will be financed with General Obligation (GO) Bonds, and the remainder will come from a mixture of existing and new funding sources. The GO bonds would be put before the citizens of California over a series of elections between 2006 and 2014. The Department of Finance estimates that the increase in debt service costs associated with the Strategic Growth Plan will amount to approximately one percentage point in the state’s debt service ratio (annual cost for debt service as a percentage of General Fund revenues) and will keep the debt service ratio below six percent over the next 20 years. In addition, the Governor is proposing a constitutional amendment to prohibit the state from issuing debt that would exceed the 6 percent debt service ratio.
At the time of the mid-March deadline to place ballot measures on the June 2006 primary election ballot, the Governor and Legislature did not reach agreement on any package of bond measures deriving from the Governor’s proposals. The parties promise to continue discussions with a view to finding an agreement on infrastructure bonds for the November 2006 and subsequent ballots. No action has yet been taken on the Governor’s proposed constitutional amendment to limit debt service costs.
As part of the Strategic Growth Plan, the Governor is proposing a constitutional amendment to permanently protect Proposition 42 funds for transportation and eliminate the option for future governors and legislatures to suspend the allocation. In addition, the Governor proposes the following cost-saving reforms: (1) legislation to provide authority to use design-build contracting, where the main contractor performs most design as well as construction services under one contract; (2) legislation authorizing design-sequencing, where some construction can begin while design of other elements is being finished; and (3) expanded authority to fund and deliver projects through a variety of public-private partnerships.
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Legislative Analyst’s Office Report
On November 16, 2005, the independent Legislative Analyst’s Office (“LAO”) released a report titled “California’s Fiscal Outlook: LAO Projections 2005-06 through 2010-11.” In this report the LAO stated that the State’s budget outlook had improved considerably, but that budget challenges remained in the form of a structural deficit of several billion dollars for upcoming years.
With respect to the 2005-06 fiscal year, the LAO estimated that General Fund revenues exceeded estimates by $1 billion for 2004-05, and would exceed estimates by $2.8 billion in 2005-06. In contrast, expenditures in 2005-06 were expected to be about $80 million under budget. As a result, the year-end budget reserve at June 30, 2006 was estimated to increase from the original projection of $1.3 billion to a revised estimate of $5.2 billion. Much of this reserve would be needed to balance the 2006-07 budget, for which the LAO predicted a structural deficit of about $4 billion. (These estimates have not been updated since the release of the 2006-07 Governor’s Budget in January, 2006.)
The report also noted that the 2005-06 budget contained about $2 billion in ongoing budgetary savings, mainly for education under Proposition 98 and social services. In addition, much of the additional revenue generated by the improving economy was used to repay a loan to local governments and to delay issuance of additional deficit financing bonds. Despite these positive developments, the LAO projected that structural deficits would continue in the future, peaking at $4.3 billion in 2007-08, and reducing to $600 million in 2010-11. These estimates assume there will not be a major economic downturn, and also do not take into account making transfers from the General Fund to the Budget Stabilization Account (see “Balanced Budget Amendment” above).
Cash Flow Requirements
The State typically funds its day-to-day operating requirements of the General Fund from revenue receipts, interfund borrowing from special funds, and external borrowing in the form of revenue anticipation notes (“RANs”), which fund annual cash flow requirements and are repaid within the same fiscal year, and revenue anticipation warrants (“RAWs”) which are issued only when it is necessary to bridge a budgetary deficit over the end of a fiscal year. The State’s ongoing revenue shortfalls and budget deficits incurred in the last three fiscal years, along with certain unique factors associated with the State’s energy crisis in 2001, placed severe pressure on the State’s cash resources, and required an unprecedented amount of short-term cash flow borrowing.
The State sold a record $12.5 billion of RANs in October 2002, due in June 2003, to cover its cash flow needs. By mid-winter 2003 it became evident that the State would have a cash shortfall by the end of June 2003, when the $12.5 billion RANs came due. Accordingly, the State issued $11 billion of RAWs, also a record, on June 18, 2003 to pay the RANs and other obligations coming due in June 2003, and to cover cash flow requirements through late August. To sell these RAWs, the State was required to obtain credit support from a group of financial institutions. The State issued $3 billion of RANs in October 2003 to fund the remainder of its cash management needs for the 2003-04 fiscal year. For the first time, the entire State RAN issue was supported by external bank credit.
All of the RAWs and RANs due in June 2004 were paid, from a combination of available revenues and proceeds from the sale of economic recovery bonds. For the 2004-05 year, the State issued $6 billion of RANs as part of its normal cash management program, which were paid on June 30, 2005. The State issued $3 billion of RANs for cash management in the 2005-06 fiscal year. The State has about $3.75 billion of economic recovery bond authorization remaining which can assist in cash management. If it is unable to bring its ongoing structural budget deficit into balance, it may
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again face cash flow problems in the future and may have to rely on access to public capital markets to maintain adequate cash flow to pay its obligations.
Bond Ratings
The ratings on California’s long-term general obligation bonds were reduced in the early 1990’s from “AAA” levels which had existed prior to the recession. After 1996, through the end of 2000, the three major rating agencies raised their ratings of California’s general obligation bonds as high as “AA” from Standard & Poor’s, “Aa2” from Moody’s and “AA” from Fitch. Starting in December 2002, as the State’s budget and cash condition worsened, all three rating agencies reduced the ratings of California’s general obligation bonds to the “BBB” level. With improved economic conditions and fiscal results, and issuance of economic recovery bonds to reduce cash flow risks, the State’s ratings have been raised and as of March 1, 2006, were Standard & Poor’s “A,” Fitch “A” and Moody’s “A2.” The economic recovery bonds bear higher ratings, in the “AA-” range, because of the additional pledge of a dedicated stream of sales tax revenues.
There can be no assurance that current ratings will be maintained in the future. It should be noted that the creditworthiness of obligations issued by local California issuers may be unrelated to creditworthiness of obligations issued by the State of California, and that there is no obligation on the part of the State to make payment on such local obligations in the event of default.
Legal Proceedings
The State is involved in certain legal proceedings (described in the State’s recent financial statements) that, if decided against the State, may require the State to make significant future expenditures or may substantially impair revenues. If the State eventually loses any of these cases, the final remedies may not have to be implemented in one year.
Obligations of Other Issuers
Other Issuers of California Debt Obligations. There are a number of State agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions of the State that issue municipal obligations, some of which may be conduit revenue obligations payable from payments from private borrowers. These entities are subject to various economic risks and uncertainties, and the credit quality of the securities issued by them may vary considerably from the credit quality of obligations backed by the full faith and credit of the State.
State Assistance. Property tax revenues received by local governments declined more than 50% following passage of Proposition 13. Subsequently, the California Legislature enacted measures to provide for the redistribution of the State’s General Fund surplus to local agencies, the reallocation of certain State revenues to local agencies and the assumption of certain governmental functions by the State to assist municipal issuers to raise revenues. Total local assistance from the State’s General Fund was budgeted at approximately 75% of General Fund expenditures in recent years, including the effect of implementing reductions in certain aid programs. To reduce State General Fund support for school districts, the 1992-93 and 1993-94 Budget Acts caused local governments to transfer $3.9 billion of property tax revenues to school districts, representing loss of the post-Proposition 13 “bailout” aid. Local governments have in return received greater revenues and greater flexibility to operate health and welfare programs. The enactment of Proposition 1A in November 2004 will substantially change
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the ability of the State to use local government taxing sources to aid the State budget. See “Recent Financial Results—State-local Fiscal Relations” above.
In 1997, a new program provided for the State to substantially take over funding for local trial courts (saving cities and counties some $400 million annually). In recent years, the State has provided over $350 million to support local law enforcement costs. To the extent the State should be constrained by its Article XIIIB appropriations limit, or its obligation to conform to Proposition 98, or other fiscal considerations, the absolute level, or the rate of growth, of State assistance to local governments may continue to be reduced. Any such reductions in State aid could compound the serious fiscal constraints already experienced by many local governments, particularly counties. The recent economic slowdown in the State, with its corresponding reduction in State and local revenues, will put additional pressure on local government finances in the coming years.
Counties and cities may face further budgetary pressures as a result of changes in welfare and public assistance programs, which were enacted in August, 1997 in order to comply with the federal welfare reform law. Generally, counties play a large role in the new system, and are given substantial flexibility to develop and administer programs to bring aid recipients into the workforce. Counties are also given financial incentives if either at the county or statewide level, the “Welfare-to-Work” programs exceed minimum targets; counties are also subject to financial penalties for failure to meet such targets. Counties remain responsible to provide “general assistance” for able-bodied indigents who are ineligible for other welfare programs. The long-term financial impact of the new CalWORKs system on local governments is still unknown.
Local governments are facing substantial increases in future pension liabilities and health care costs for retirees, and increases in current contribution rates, as a result of (i) generous new retirements benefits granted to employees during recent economic boom times, and (ii) reduced earnings resulting from the stock market declines during the 2000-2003 period.
Assessment Bonds. California debt obligations which are assessment bonds may be adversely affected by a general decline in real estate values or a slowdown in real estate sales activity. In many cases, such bonds are secured by land which is undeveloped at the time of issuance but anticipated to be developed within a few years after issuance. In the event of such reduction or slowdown, such development may not occur or may be delayed, thereby increasing the risk of a default on the bonds. Because the special assessments or taxes securing these bonds are not the personal liability of the owners of the property assessed, the lien on the property is the only security for the bonds. Moreover, in most cases the issuer of these bonds is not required to make payments on the bonds in the event of delinquency in the payment of assessments or taxes, except from amounts, if any, in a reserve fund established for the bonds.
California Long Term Lease Obligations. Based on a series of court decisions, certain long-term lease obligations, though typically payable from the general fund of the State or a municipality, are not considered “indebtedness” requiring voter approval. Such leases, however, are subject to “abatement” in the event the facility being leased is unavailable for beneficial use and occupancy by the municipality during the term of the lease. Abatement is not a default, and there may be no remedies available to the holders of the certificates evidencing the lease obligation in the event abatement occurs. The most common cases of abatement are failure to complete construction of the facility before the end of the period during which lease payments have been capitalized and uninsured casualty losses to the facility (e.g., due to earthquake). In the event abatement occurs with respect to a lease obligation, lease payments may be interrupted (if all available insurance proceeds and reserves
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are exhausted) and the certificates may not be paid when due. Although litigation is brought from time to time which challenges the constitutionality of such lease arrangements, the California Supreme Court issued a ruling in August, 1998 which reconfirmed the legality of these financing methods.
Other Considerations
The repayment of industrial development securities or single family mortgage revenue bonds secured by real property may be affected by California laws limiting foreclosure rights of creditors. Under California law, mortgage loans secured by single family homes can be prepaid at any time without penalty, except in the first five years of the loan, and subject to limits on the size of the penalty. Such prepayments may affect the ability of the issuer of single family mortgage bonds to repay the bonds. Securities backed by health care and hospital revenues may be affected by changes in State regulations governing cost reimbursements to health care providers under Medi-Cal (the State’s Medicaid program), including risks related to the policy of awarding exclusive contracts to certain hospitals.
Limitations on ad valorem property taxes may particularly affect “tax allocation” bonds issued by California redevelopment agencies. Such bonds are secured solely by the increase in assessed valuation of a redevelopment project area after the start of redevelopment activity. In the event that assessed values in the redevelopment project decline (e.g., because of a major natural disaster such as an earthquake), the tax increment revenue may be insufficient to make principal and interest payments on these bonds. Both Moody’s and S&P suspended ratings on California tax allocation bonds after the enactment of Articles XIIIA and XIIIB, and only resumed such ratings on a selective basis.
Proposition 87, approved by California voters in 1988, requires that all revenues produced by a tax rate increase go directly to the taxing entity which increased such tax rate to repay that entity’s general obligation indebtedness. As a result, redevelopment agencies (which, typically, are the issuers of tax allocation securities) no longer receive an increase in tax increment when taxes on property in the project area are increased to repay voter-approved bonded indebtedness.
The effect of these various constitutional and statutory changes upon the ability of California municipal securities issuers to pay interest and principal on their obligations remains unclear. Furthermore, other measures affecting the taxing or spending authority of California or its political subdivisions may be approved or enacted in the future. Legislation has been or may be introduced which would modify existing taxes or other revenue-raising measures or which either would further limit or, alternatively, would increase the abilities of state and local governments to impose new taxes or increase existing taxes. It is not possible, at present, to predict the extent to which any such legislation will be enacted. Nor is it possible, at present, to determine the impact of any such legislation on securities held in the California Municipal Fund, future allocations of state revenues to local governments or the abilities of state or local governments to pay the interest on, or repay the principal of, such securities.
Substantially all of California is within an active geologic region subject to major seismic activity. Northern California in 1989 and Southern California in 1994 experienced major earthquakes causing billions of dollars in damages. The federal government provided more than $13 billion in aid for both earthquakes, and neither event has had any long-term negative economic impact. Any obligation in the California Municipal Fund could be affected by an interruption of revenues because of damaged facilities, or, consequently, income tax deductions for casualty losses or property tax assessment reductions. Compensatory financial assistance could be constrained by the inability of (i)
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an issuer to have obtained earthquake insurance coverage rates; (ii) an insurer to perform on its contracts of insurance in the event of widespread losses; or (iii) the federal or State government to appropriate sufficient funds within their respective budget limitations.
Special Risk Considerations Relating to New York Municipal Obligations
Some of the significant financial considerations relating to the ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio’s investments in New York municipal obligations are summarized below. This summary information is not intended to be a complete description and is principally derived from the Annual Information Statement (“AIS”) of the State of New York as supplemented and contained in official statements relating to issues of New York municipal obligations that were available prior to the date of this Statement of Additional Information. The accuracy and completeness of the information contained in those official statements have not been independently verified.
Financial Disclosure for the State of New York
The State of New York’s most recently completed fiscal year began on April 1, 2004 and ended on March 31, 2005. The most recent published AIS was dated May 4, 2005, and was updated on August 8, 2005, November 2, 2005 and January 26, 2006. The information of the State comes from the Department of Budget (“DOB”). The AIS is available at: www.budget.state.ny.us/investor/ais/ais.html.
The State’s current fiscal year began on April 1, 2005 and ends on March 31, 2006. On March 8, 2005, the State Legislature enacted appropriations for all State-supported, contingent contractual, and certain other debt service obligations for the entire 2005-06 fiscal year. On March 31, 2005, the Legislature completed action on the remaining appropriations and accompanying legislation constituting the budget for the 2005-06 fiscal year. Subsequently, on April 12, 2005, the Legislature enacted certain amendments to the 2005-06 Enacted Budget.
The State accounts for all of its spending and receipts by the fund in which the activity takes place, and the broad category or purpose of that activity. The State’s four major fund types (collectively, “All Funds”) include:
1) General Fund, which receives most of the State’s tax revenue and accounts for spending on programs that are not supported directly by dedicated fees and revenues;
2) Special Revenue Funds, which receive Federal grants, certain dedicated taxes, fees and other revenues that are used for a specified purpose;
3) Capital Project Funds, which account for costs incurred in the construction and reconstruction of roads, bridges, prisons, and other infrastructure projects; and
4) Debt Service Funds, which pay principal, interest and related expenses on long-term bonds issued by the State and its public authorities.
Special Considerations. Many complex political, social, and economic forces influence the State’s economy and finances, which may in turn affect the State’s Financial Plan. These forces may affect the State from fiscal year to fiscal year and are influenced by governments, institutions, and events that are not subject to the State’s control. The State’s Financial Plan (explained under “State Budget”) is also necessarily based upon forecasts of national and State economic activity. Economic
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forecasts have frequently failed to predict accurately the timing and magnitude of changes in the national and State economies. The DOB believes that its current estimates related to the performance of the State and national economies are reasonable. However, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially and adversely from the current forecast.
The following provides a description of some of the risks the State is continuing to monitor. The risks presented herein are not comprehensive. Accordingly, readers should refer to the AIS for a more complete review of present risks, including the status of school finance litigation, Native American land claims, and other actions affecting the State.
• Prior to certain Executive Budget recommendations, DOB projected a potential imbalance of $751 million in 2006-07 and gaps in the range of $3 billion to $4 billion in future years. While current-year results are favorable, the State’s structural imbalance persists, although at levels greatly reduced from recent years. Left unchecked, spending would grow by $3.6 billion in 2006-07, driven in part by the State cap on local Medicaid costs and the takeover of the local share of the Family Health Plus (FHP) program, both of which help relieve pressure on local property taxes. Health care inflation, school aid increases, State employee salaries and benefits, and the loss of one-time resources used to balance the 2005-06 budget also contribute to spending growth in 2006-07. Strong revenue growth is expected to more than compensate for the phase-out, effective January 1, 2006, of the temporary personal income tax (a “PIT”) surcharge imposed in the aftermath of September 11th, but is not enough to eliminate the gap.
• The new Medicare prescription drug program became available to all Medicare beneficiaries on January 1, 2006. The Federal government now requires the states to finance a portion of this program. Each state’s payment will correspond closely to the spending it would have made on prescription drugs through Medicaid for those recipients who are eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare (“dually eligible”). For New York, the Medicare Part D program is particularly complicated because certain drugs now available to dually eligible individuals through Medicaid will not be covered under Part D, and must be fully financed by the State under Medicaid. The State estimates that Part D implementation could cost $72 million in the current year growing to roughly $400 million in 2006-07 and $500 million in 2007-08.
• The State is a defendant in several court cases that could ultimately result in costs to the State Financial Plan. The most significant is Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State of New York, in which the State Court of Appeals directed the State to implement a remedy by July 30, 2004 that would guarantee that all children in New York City have the opportunity to receive a sound basic education (SBE). In August 2004, the State Supreme Court directed a panel of three Special Masters to report and make recommendations on the measures the State had taken to bring its school financing system into constitutional compliance with respect to New York City schools. The Special Masters submitted their report to the Court on November 30, 2004. The report recommended (i) an annual increase of $5.6 billion in education aid to New York City to be phased in over four years and (ii) $9.2 billion for school construction and renovation to be phased in over five years. In February 2005, the State Supreme Court adopted the recommendations of the Special Masters, requiring the State to comply with those recommendations within 90 days. The State filed an appeal in April 2005 and the Appellate Court is expected to issue a ruling by June 2006. The 2006-07 Executive Budget proposes a combination of traditional school aid and continued funding for the SBE aid program as part of a comprehensive plan to comply with the Court’s order. Under a plan proposed by the Governor, revenues from video lottery terminals (“VLTs”) will be used for SBE. So far, VLTs have been implemented at five of the State’s racetracks. Four other racetracks have received authorization to
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operate VLTs, and are in various stages of implementation. Two major facilities located at Yonkers and Aqueduct Raceways are expected to begin operations in October 2006 and October 2007, respectively. These two facilities are expected to produce the majority of the growth of VLT receipts under current law. The 2006-07 Executive Budget recommends $700 million of funding for SBE, growing to $1.5 billion by school year 2008-09. Under the Governor’s plan, New York City would receive approximately 60% of the annual SBE aid.
• Other litigation includes ongoing claims by several Indian Nations alleging wrongful possession of lands by the State and several counties, as well as claims involving the adequacy of shelter allowances for families on public assistance. The State has implemented a court-ordered increase in the shelter allowance schedule for public assistance families. However, the plaintiffs are challenging the adequacy of the increase and, thus, further Court proceedings are pending.
• The Federal government is currently auditing Medicaid claims submitted since 1993 under the School Supportive Health Services Program. At this point, these audits have not been finalized, and, as a result, the liability of the State and school districts for any disallowances cannot be determined. Federal regulations include an appeals process that could postpone repayment of any disallowances. The current Financial Plan assumes the Federal government will fully reimburse these costs. In addition, a portion of Federal Medicaid payments related to School Supportive Health Services have been deferred by the Federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services pending finalization of audits. Since the State has continued to reimburse local school districts for these costs, these Federal deferrals, if not resolved, could negatively impact the Financial Plan. Alternatively, if the State suspends reimbursement, local governments could be adversely affected.
• The Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”) of the Department of Health and Human Services is conducting six audits of aspects of New York State’s School Supportive Health Services program with regard to Medicaid reimbursement that cover $1.5 billion in claims submitted between 1990 and 2001. To date the OIG of the Department of Health and Human Services has issued three final audit reports, which cover claims submitted by upstate school districts for speech pathology and transportation services and New York City for speech pathology services. In these reports, OIG recommends that the State refund to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) $173 million of the $362 million in claims for upstate speech pathology services, $17 million of $72 million for upstate transportation services, and $436 million of the $551 million in claims submitted for New York City speech pathology services. New York State disagrees with the audit findings on several grounds and has requested that these be withdrawn. Federal regulations include an appeals process that could postpone repayment of any disallowances. While CMS has not taken any action with regard to the recommended disallowances by OIG, CMS is deferring 25 percent of New York City claims and 9.7 percent of claims submitted by the rest of the State pending the completion of the audits. Since the State has continued to reimburse school districts for these costs these Federal deferrals have resulted in higher costs, as reflected in the State’s latest Financial Plan.
• The State has discontinued intergovernmental transfer payments as of March 31, 2005 pending the approval of a State Plan Amendment. These payments are related to disproportionate share hospital payments to public hospitals throughout the State, including those operated by the New York City Health and Hospital Corporation, the State University of New York (“SUNY”) and the counties. If these payments are not approved in 2005-06 and beyond, the State’s health care financing system could be adversely affected.
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• The State was involved in litigation challenging the use of proceeds from the conversion of Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield from a not-for-profit corporation to a for-profit corporation. On June 20, 2005, the Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the State in this litigation. As a result, the State Comptroller has transferred the Empire proceeds received to date ($754 million) that were held in escrow pending resolution of the court to the Health Care Reform Act (“HCRA”) Resources Fund. On September 27, 2005, WellPoint and WellChoice (or Empire or Empire Blue Cross) announced that the two companies had agreed to merge. Under the merger, WellPoint will provide WellChoice stockholders a blend of cash and stock. As a result of this transaction, the New York Public Asset Fund, which owns about 52 million shares of WellChoice stock and is the State’s agent in the transaction, is expected to receive approximately $2 billion in cash in 2005-06, plus about 27 million shares of WellPoint common stock.
If the transaction closes during the first quarter of calendar 2006, HCRA would receive $2 billion in cash in 2005-06, or approximately $850 million more than originally planned. The expected merger of WellChoice, Inc. and WellPoint, Inc. would eliminate the most significant known risk to the State’s 2005-06 Financial Plan.
• As a result of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and the related surge in energy prices, the State is expecting to pay more to supply heat and electricity to its buildings, including the Department of Corrections and Mental Hygiene facilities and the SUNY campus, and to fuel its fleet of cars, including State Police and Transportation vehicles. The Governor has proposed a legislative package to promote greater energy efficiency and to mitigate the impact of higher energy costs. Similarly, the Legislature is evaluating a range of policy options to mitigate the impact of higher energy prices on businesses and households. The potential fiscal impact of these proposals is not reflected in the current Financial Plan.
State Economy. New York’s economy has been growing since September 2003, a trend DOB expects will continue, albeit more modestly, over the four-year period of the State’s Financial Plan (2005-06 through 2008-09). DOB now estimates underlying revenue growth of 11 percent in the current year (the second year in a row in which revenues have grown at this rate), and still-strong 8 percent growth in 2006-07. For 2006, DOB projects total employment growth of 0.8 percent and private sector growth of 0.9 percent.
In addition to the risks associated with the national economic forecast, there exist specific risks to the State economy. Another attack targeted at New York City would once again disproportionately affect the State economy, resulting in lower income and employment growth than reflected in the current forecast. Higher energy prices and the potential for greater pass-through to core inflation, combined with a growing rate of capacity utilization and a tightening labor market, raise the probability that the Federal Reserve will over-tighten. Such an outcome could negatively affect the financial markets, which would also disproportionately affect the New York State economy. In addition, the State’s real estate market could decline more than anticipated, which would negatively affect household consumption and taxable capital gains realizations. These effects could ripple through the economy, affecting both employment and wages.
In contrast, should the national and world economies grow faster than expected, a stronger upturn in stock prices, along with even stronger activity in mergers and acquisitions and other Wall Street activities is possible, resulting in higher wage and bonuses growth than projected. It is important to recall that the financial markets, which are so pivotal to the direction of the downstate economy, are notoriously difficult to forecast. With the economy becoming increasingly globalized,
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and the pace of both technological and regulatory change accelerating, projecting finance industry revenues and profits has never been more challenging.
New York is the third most populous state in the nation and has a relatively high level of personal wealth. The State’s economy is diverse, with a comparatively large share of the nation’s financial activities, information, education, and health services employment, and a very small share of the nation’s farming and mining activity. The State’s location and its air transport facilities and natural harbors have made it an important link in international commerce. Travel and tourism constitute an important part of the economy. Like the rest of the nation, New York has a declining proportion of its workforce engaged in manufacturing, and an increasing proportion engaged in service industries.
State Budget. The Executive Budget is the Governor’s constitutionally mandated annual submission to the Legislature which contains his recommended program for the forthcoming fiscal year. It projects disbursements and expenditures needed to carry out the Governor’s recommended programs and receipts and revenues expected to be available for such purpose. The recommendations contained in the Executive Budget serve as the basis for the State Financial Plan which is adjusted after the Legislature acts on the Governor’s submission. Under the State Constitution, the Governor is required each year to propose an Executive Budget that is balanced on a cash basis.
The State Financial Plan sets forth projections of State receipts and disbursements in the governmental fund types for each fiscal year and is prepared by the Director of the DOB, based initially upon the recommendations contained in the Executive Budget. After the budget is enacted, the State Financial Plan is adjusted to reflect revenue measures, appropriation bills and certain related bills enacted by the Legislature. It serves as the basis for the administration of the State’s finances by the DOB.
The Comptroller is responsible for the investment of substantially all State moneys. By law, such moneys may be invested only in obligations issued or guaranteed by the Federal government or the State, obligations of certain Federal agencies that are not guaranteed by the Federal government, certain general obligations of other states, direct obligations of the State’s municipalities and obligations of certain public authorities, certain short-term corporate obligations, certain bankers’ acceptances, and certificates of deposit secured by legally qualified governmental securities. All securities in which the State invests moneys held by funds administered within the State Treasury must mature within 12 years of the date they are purchased. Money impounded by the Comptroller for payment of Tax and Revenue Anticipation Notes may only be invested, subject to the provisions of the State Finance Law, in (i) obligations of the Federal government, (ii) certificates of deposit secured by such obligations, or (iii) obligations of or obligations guaranteed by agencies of the Federal government as to which the payment of principal and interest is guaranteed by the Federal government.
In recent years, the State has closed projected budget gaps which DOB estimated at $5.0 billion (1995-96), $3.9 billion (1996-97); $2.3 billion (1997-98); less than $1 billion (in each of the fiscal years 1998-99 through 2000-01); $6.8 billion (2002-03); $2.8 billion (2003-04) and $5 billion (2004-2005). While the current fiscal year is balanced, the magnitude of future budget gaps requires timely and aggressive measures to restore structural balance. The Governor is continuing implementation of a fiscal management plan that includes measures intended to reduce costs and generate recurring savings in the outyears. The State faces potential General Fund budget gaps of $751 million in 2006-07, and $3.2 billion in 2007-08.
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General Fund. The General Fund is the principal operating fund of the State and is used to account for all financial transactions except those required to be accounted for in another fund. It is the State’s largest fund and receives almost all State taxes and other resources not dedicated to particular purposes.
The DOB projects a net General Fund surplus estimate of $2.0 billion for the 2005-06 fiscal year. Strong growth in tax collections, particularly in business taxes and the PIT, has led DOB to raise its General Fund receipts forecast for the current year by $1.4 billion. At the same time, projected General Fund disbursements have been revised upward by over $300 million, mainly for Medicaid and transit aid payments now planned for 2005-06 rather than 2006-07. Aside from these transactions, spending trends for the State’s major programs remain generally consistent with previous forecasts.
DOB reported a 2004-05 General Fund surplus of $1.2 billion. Total receipts, including transfers from other funds, were $43.8 billion. Disbursements, including transfers to other funds, totaled $43.6 billion. The General Fund ended the 2004-05 fiscal year with a balance of $1.2 billion, which included dedicated balances of $872 million in the Tax Stabilization Reserve Fund (“TSRF”) (after a $78 million deposit at the close of 2004-05), the Contingency Reserve Fund (“CRF”) ($21 million), and the Community Projects Fund (“CPF”) ($325 million).
All Funds. All Funds receipts for 2004-05 totaled $100.6 billion, a decrease of $546 million from the February Financial Plan projections. The variance was primarily the result of lower-than-expected collections from Federal grants, partially offset by higher-than-expected receipts from miscellaneous receipts and taxes. All Funds disbursements for 2004-05 totaled $100.7 billion, a decrease of $514 million from the February Financial Plan projections. The decline in State Funds spending of $54 million, combined with a decline in Federal Funds spending of $460 million, account for the variance. In addition to the State Funds variance described above, Federal funds for education programs and World Trade Center reimbursement were revised downward.
Personal Income Taxes. PIT net receipts for 2004-05 reached $27.997 billion, an increase of $352 million (1.5 percent) from 2003-04 due largely to a modestly improved economic environment and the second-year impact of the temporary three-year PIT increase enacted in 2003. The increase is partially offset by a $1.63 billion lower contribution from the refund reserve account. Net of refund reserve transactions, All Funds income tax receipts grew 8.8 percent over 2002-03 results.
General Fund PIT receipts are projected to increase from 2004-05. The increase is due to continued economic improvement in 2005 (stronger withholding and estimated tax payments), strong payments on 2004 tax liability (higher final returns and extensions offset slightly by an increase in refunds) and a smaller deposit into the PIT refund reserve account. This amount is offset by a larger deposit to the Revenue Bond Tax Fund (“RBTF”).
* * * *
Additional information regarding the state budget as well as historical financial results for the 2003-2004, 2002-2003 and 2001-2002 fiscal years are available in the State Annual Information Statement.
2006-07 Proposed Executive Budget. DOB projects the State would end the 2006-07 fiscal year with a General Fund balance of $3.8 billion (7.6 percent of spending) if the Legislature enacts the Executive Budget recommendations (discussed below) in their entirety. The balance consists of $1.0
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billion in undesignated reserves and $2.8 billion in reserves designated to finance existing or planned commitments. The projected closing balance is $528 million above the level estimated for 2005-06.
The undesignated reserves consist of $945 million in the State’s Rainy Day Reserve, which has a balance that is at the statutory maximum of 2 percent, and $21 million in the Contingency Reserve for litigation risks. The designated reserves include $275 million for potential labor settlements with unions that have not yet reached agreements in the current round of contracts, $236 million in the Community Projects Fund to finance existing legislative and gubernatorial initiatives, $2.0 billion from the 2005-06 surplus that is planned to be used in equal amounts to lower the projected 2007-08 and 2008-09 budget gaps, and $250 million for debt reduction.
To permanently improve the State’s reserve levels, the Executive again will submit legislation in 2006-07 to increase the maximum size of the State’s Rainy Day Reserve from 2 percent to a minimum of 5 percent of General Fund spending.
The Executive Budget eliminates the entire potential imbalance in 2006-07 and reduces the budget gap projected for 2007-08 to less than $1.9 billion. The Budget proposals address the structural imbalance by (i) restraining spending in the fastest-growing programs in the State Budget, particularly Medicaid, (ii) setting aside the entire $2.0 billion from the expected 2005-06 surplus to help reduce the potential gaps in 2007-08 and 2008-09, and (iii) financing $250 million in reserves that will be used in the future to lower State debt. The proposals also include significant new tax reductions and spending initiatives.
Spending restraint constitutes the vast majority of the gap-closing plan of $2.1 billion, before recommended spending additions, tax policy changes, and new reserves for debt reduction. Proposals to slow Medicaid growth account for over 60 percent of the total savings. Other initiatives to restrain spending include performance incentives for tuition assistance grants, flexibility for the State’s public universities to raise tuition absent sufficient administrative cost-savings, and the imposition of stricter benefit limits for public assistance families that fail to meet work participation requirements. The budget also includes proposals to maximize Federal aid and achieve savings in State agency operations.
The Budget dedicates more than $227 million in one-time resources (the entire amount of one-time actions proposed), consisting mainly of routine transfers of available cash balances from other funds, to help finance $250 million to reduce debt. Fee increases are minimal. Absent the recommended tax reductions and spending initiatives described below, the gap-closing plan would produce a surplus in 2006-07 and structurally-balanced budgets in 2007-08 and 2008-09 without the use of reserves.
To help address the combined State and local tax burden, the Executive Budget proposes a tax reduction program valued at over $3.6 billion when it becomes fully effective. The package includes eliminating the “marriage penalty” for personal income taxpayers, increasing the tax relief provided to seniors through the School Tax Relief (STAR) program, a new STAR Plus program, reducing the top PIT rate to 6.75 percent, eliminating the estate and gift tax, authorizing an education tax credit for families with students enrolled in under-performing schools, and establishing an energy tax credit for senior citizens. The Executive Budget also recommends two sales-tax-free weeks on clothing purchases of up to $250, rather than reverting to a full-year $100 exemption as scheduled.
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The Budget recommends increased spending for several programmatic initiatives. These includes cost-of-living increases for mental hygiene service providers, funding to expand crime-fighting programs, incentive-based aid increases for local governments, and increased funding for the Environmental Protection Fund.
The Executive Budget recommendations hold annual spending growth in the General Fund and All Governmental Funds to below the projected rate of inflation, after excluding the incremental cost of the State Medicaid cap, FHP takeover, and the new STAR Plus program, all of which provide local property tax and mandate relief. Total spending also grows more slowly than projected growth in personal income.
Aside from where noted, the 2006-07 Financial Plan does not set aside specific reserves to cover potential costs that could materialize as a result of Federal disallowances or other Federal actions that could adversely affect the State’s projections of receipts and disbursements.
Limitations on State Supported Debt. Under the State Constitution, the State may not, with limited exceptions for emergencies, undertake a long-term general obligation borrowing (i.e., borrowing for more than one year) unless the borrowing is authorized in a specific amount for a single work or purpose by the Legislature and approved by the voters. There is no constitutional limitation on the amount of long-term general obligation debt that may be so authorized and subsequently incurred by the State. However, the Debt Reform Act of 2000 (“Debt Reform Act”) imposed statutory limitations on new State-supported debt issued on and after April 1, 2000. Except as noted in the next sentence, the State Constitution also provides that general obligation bonds must be paid in equal annual principal installments or installments that result in substantially level or declining debt service payments, mature within 40 years after issuance, and begin to amortize not more than one year after the issuance of such bonds. General obligation housing bonds must be paid within 50 years after issuance, with principal commencing no more than three years after issuance. However, the Debt Reform Act limits the maximum term of State-supported bonds, including general obligation bonds, to 30 years.
The Debt Reform Act imposes phased-in caps on new debt outstanding and new debt service costs, limits the use of debt to capital works and purposes only, and establishes a maximum term of 30 years on such debt. The cap on new State-supported debt outstanding began at 0.75 percent of personal income in 2000-01 and will gradually increase until it is fully phased-in at 4 percent of personal income in 2010-11. Similarly, the cap on new State-supported debt service costs began at 0.75 percent of total governmental funds receipts in 2000-01 and will gradually increase until it is fully phased in at 5 percent in 2013-14.
The Debt Reform Act requires that the limitations on the issuance of State-supported debt and debt service costs be calculated by October 31 of each year and reported in the quarterly Financial Plan Update most proximate to such date. If the calculations for new State-supported debt outstanding and debt service costs are less than the State-supported debt outstanding and debt service costs permitted under the Debt Reform Act, new State-supported debt may continue to be issued. However, if either the debt outstanding or the debt service cap is met or exceeded, the State would be precluded from contracting new State-supported debt until the next annual cap calculation is made and State-supported debt is found to be within the appropriate limitations. The prohibition on issuing new State-supported debt if the caps are met or exceeded provides a significant incentive to treat the debt caps as absolute limits that should not be reached, and therefore DOB intends to manage subsequent capital plans and issuance schedules under these limits.
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Pursuant to the provisions of the Debt Reform Act, the most recent annual calculation of the limitations imposed by the Debt Reform Act was reported in the Financial Plan Update most proximate to October 31, 2004. On October 30, 2004, the State reported that it was in compliance with both debt caps. DOB projects that debt outstanding and debt service costs for 2004-05 and the entire five-year forecast period through 2009-10 will also be within the statutory caps.
The State has also enacted statutory limits on the amount of variable rate obligations and interest rate exchange agreements that authorized issuers of State-supported debt may enter into. The statute limits the use of debt instruments which result in a variable rate exposure (e.g., variable rate obligations and interest rate exchange agreements) to no more than 15 percent of total outstanding State-supported debt, and limits the use of interest rate exchange agreements to a total notional amount of no more than 15 percent of total outstanding State-supported debt.
As of March 31, 2005, State-supported debt in the amount of $40.7 billion was outstanding, resulting in a variable rate exposure cap and an interest rate exchange agreement cap of about $6.1 billion each. As discussed below, as of March 31, 2005, both the amount of outstanding variable rate instruments resulting in a variable rate exposure and interest rate exchange agreements are less than the authorized totals of 15 percent of total outstanding State-supported debt, and are projected to be below the caps for the entire forecast period through 2009-10.
All interest rate exchange agreements are subject to various statutory restrictions such as minimum counterparty ratings, monthly reporting requirements, and the adoption of interest rate exchange agreement guidelines. All the authorized issuers have adopted uniform guidelines as required by statute. As of March 31, 2005, the State had $4.15 billion in total variable rate exposure, including amounts reserved for LIBOR swaps (or about 10.2 percent of total State-supported debt outstanding), and has entered into a total notional amount of $5.97 billion in interest rate exchange agreements (or about 14.7 percent of total State-supported debt outstanding). These ratios are expected to increase over the five-year projections but remain below the 15 percent limitations.
The State may undertake short-term borrowings without voter approval (i) in anticipation of the receipt of taxes and revenues, by issuing tax and revenue anticipation notes and (ii) in anticipation of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of duly authorized but unissued general obligation bonds, by issuing bond anticipation notes. The State may also, pursuant to specific constitutional authorization, directly guarantee certain obligations of the State’s authorities and public benefit corporations (“Authorities”). The State has never been called upon to make any direct payments pursuant to any such guarantees. Payments of debt service on New York State general obligation and New York State-guaranteed bonds and notes are legally enforceable obligations of the State.
State Finance Law requires the Governor to submit a five-year Capital Program and Financing Plan (the “Capital Plan”) with the Executive Budget, and update the Capital Plan by the later of July 30 or 90 days after the enactment of the State Budget. The Governor submitted the Capital Plan as part of the Executive Budget on January 17, 2006. State-supported debt levels are projected to increase from $42.6 billion in 2005-06 to $49 billion in 2009-10, or 3.6 percent annually. The vast majority of the increase is for transportation ($2.6 billion excluding the bond act), higher education ($1.9 billion) and General Obligation bonds ($600 million).
In 2001, legislation was enacted to provide for the issuance by certain State authorities of State PIT Revenue Bonds, which are expected to become the primary financing vehicle for a broad range of
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State-supported debt programs authorized to be secured by service contract or lease-purchase payments. These State PIT Revenue Bonds are expected to reduce borrowing costs by improving the marketability and creditworthiness of State-supported obligations and by permitting the consolidation of multiple bonding programs to reduce administrative costs.
The legislation provides that 25 percent of PIT receipts (excluding refunds owed to taxpayers and deposits to STAR be deposited to the RBTF for purposes of making debt service payments on these bonds, with excess amounts returned to the General Fund. In the event that (i) the State Legislature fails to appropriate amounts required to make all debt service payments on the State PIT Revenue Bonds or (ii) having been appropriated and set aside pursuant to a certificate of the Director of the Budget, financing agreement payments have not been made when due on the bonds, the legislation requires that PIT receipts continue to be deposited to the RBTF until amounts on deposit in the Fund equal the greater of 25 percent of annual PIT receipts or $6 billion.
The State issued its first State PIT Revenue Bonds (in an aggregate principal amount of $225 million) on May 9, 2002. As of March 31, 2005, approximately $4.5 billion of State PIT Revenue Bonds have been issued and outstanding.
The State employs additional long-term financing mechanisms, lease-purchase and contractual obligation financings, which involve obligations of public authorities or municipalities that are State-supported but are not general obligations of the State. Under these financing arrangements, certain public authorities and municipalities have issued obligations to finance the construction and rehabilitation of facilities or the acquisition and rehabilitation of equipment, and expect to meet their debt service requirements through the receipt of rental or other contractual payments made by the State. Although these financing arrangements involve a contractual agreement by the State to make payments to a public authority, municipality or other entity, the State’s obligation to make such payments is generally expressly made subject to appropriation by the Legislature and the actual availability of money to the State for making the payments. The State has also entered into a contractual-obligation financing arrangement with the Local Government Assistance Corporation (“LGAC”) to restructure the way the State makes certain local aid payments.
State Credit Ratings. On January 13, 1992, S&P reduced its ratings on the State’s general obligation bonds from A to A- and, in addition, reduced its ratings on the State’s moral obligation, lease purchase, guaranteed and contractual obligation debt. On August 28, 1997, S&P revised its ratings on the State’s general obligation bonds from A- to A and revised its ratings on the State’s moral obligation, lease purchase, guaranteed and contractual obligation debt. On March 5, 1999, S&P affirmed its A rating on the State’s outstanding bonds. On March 10, 2000, S&P assigned its A+ rating on New York State’s long-term general obligations. On December 19, 2000, S&P assigned its AA rating on New York State’s long-term general obligations.
On January 6, 1992, Moody’s reduced its ratings on outstanding limited-liability State lease purchase and contractual obligations from A to Baa1. On February 28, 1994, Moody’s reconfirmed its A rating on the State’s general obligation long-term indebtedness. On March 20, 1998, Moody’s assigned the highest commercial paper rating of P-1 to the short term notes of the State. On March 5, 1999, Moody’s affirmed its A2 rating with a stable outlook to the State’s general obligations. In June 2000, Moody’s revised its outlook on the State’s general obligations from stable to positive. On December 6, 2002, Moody’s changed its outlook on the State’s general obligation bonds from stable to negative but retained its A2 rating. On July 5, 2005, the State’s general obligations were upgraded to A1. On December 21, 2005, Moody’s again upgraded New York’s general obligations to Aa3.
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On June 5, 2003, Fitch Ratings assigned its AA- rating on New York’s long-term general obligations.
New York State has never defaulted on any of its general obligation indebtedness or its obligations under lease purchase or contractual obligation financing arrangements and has never been called upon to make any direct payments pursuant to its guarantees.
Litigation. Certain litigation pending against New York State or its officers or employees could have a substantial or long-term adverse effect on New York State finances. Among the more significant of these cases are those that involve (i) the validity of agreements and treaties by which various Indian tribes transferred title to New York State of certain land in central and upstate New York; (ii) certain aspects of New York State’s Medicaid policies, including its rates, regulations and procedures; and (iii) a challenge to the funding for New York City public schools.
Adverse developments in the proceedings described above, other proceedings for which there are unanticipated, unfavorable and material judgments, or the initiation of new proceedings could affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced 2005-06 Financial Plan. The State believes that the 2005-06 Financial Plan includes sufficient reserves to offset the costs associated with the payment of judgments that may be required during the 2005-06 fiscal year. These reserves include (but are not limited to) amounts appropriated for Court of Claims payments and projected fund balances in the General Fund. In addition, any amounts ultimately required to be paid by the State may be subject to settlement or may be paid over a multi-year period. There can be no assurance, however, that adverse decisions in legal proceedings against the State would not exceed the amount of all potential 2005-06 Financial Plan resources available for the payment of judgments, and could therefore affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced 2005-06 Financial Plan.
Details regarding outstanding litigation are located in the AIS.
Authorities. The fiscal stability of New York State is related, in part, to the fiscal stability of its Authorities, which generally have responsibility for financing, constructing and operating revenue-producing public benefit facilities. Authorities are not subject to the constitutional restrictions on the incurrence of debt which apply to the State itself, and may issue bonds and notes within the amounts of, and as otherwise restricted by, their legislative authorization. The State’s access to the public credit markets could be impaired, and the market price of its outstanding debt may be materially and adversely affected, if any of the Authorities were to default on their respective obligations, particularly with respect to debt that is State supported or State related.
Authorities are generally supported by revenues generated by the projects financed or operated, such as fares, user fees on bridges, highway tolls and rentals for dormitory rooms and housing. In recent years, however, New York State has provided financial assistance through appropriations, in some cases of a recurring nature, to certain of the Authorities for operating and other expenses and, in fulfillment of its commitments on moral obligation indebtedness or otherwise, for debt service. This operating assistance is expected to continue to be required in future years. In addition, certain statutory arrangements provide for State local assistance payments otherwise payable to localities to be made under certain circumstances to certain Authorities. The State has no obligation to provide additional assistance to localities whose local assistance payments have been paid to Authorities under these arrangements. However, in the event that such local assistance payments are so diverted, the affected localities could seek additional State funds.
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For purposes of analyzing the financial condition of the State, debt of the State and of certain public authorities may be classified as State-supported debt, which includes general obligation debt of the State and lease-purchase and contractual obligations of public authorities (and municipalities) where debt service is paid from State appropriations (including dedicated tax sources, and other revenues such as patient charges and dormitory facilities rentals). In addition, a broader classification, referred to as State-related debt, includes State-supported debt, as well as certain types of contingent obligations, including moral obligation financings, certain contingent contractual-obligation financing arrangements, and State-guaranteed debt described above, where debt service is expected to be paid from other sources and State appropriations are contingent in that they may be made and used only under certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2005, there were 18 public authorities that had outstanding debt of $100 million or more, and the aggregate outstanding debt, including refunding bonds, of these State public authorities was $120.4 billion, only a portion of which constitutes State-supported or State-related debt.
New York City and Other Localities. The fiscal health of the State may also be affected by the fiscal health of New York City, which continues to receive significant financial assistance from the State. State aid contributes to the city’s ability to balance its budget and meet its cash requirements. The State may also be affected by the ability of the City, and certain entities issuing debt for the benefit of the City, to market their securities successfully in the public credit markets.
The City regularly produces Official Statements in connection with the issuance of its bonds and notes. Copies of these are required to be filed with and are available from the nationally recognized municipal securities information repositories. Reference is made to such Official Statements for information about the City. The information about the City which is indicated herein is not a summary and is necessarily incomplete.
New York City Fiscal Budget. The 2006 Executive Budget is $49.7 billion. This is the twenty-sixth consecutive budget which is balanced under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). For fiscal year 2005 an operating surplus of $3,271 million is projected, which will be used to help balance the 2006 Executive Budget. The Executive Budget and Financial Plan include $3,271 million of discretionary transfers and prepayments in 2005, reflecting discretionary transfers of $1,704 million to the budget stabilization account and $88 million in lease debt service due in fiscal year 2006, subsidy prepayments of $208 million to the Transit Authority, $172 million to the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation and $152 million to the Library Systems, and a Miscellaneous Budget grant of $947 million to the Transitional Finance Authority in fiscal year 2005, which increases PIT revenue by $947 million in fiscal year 2006. The 2005 forecast provides for a general reserve of $40 million to offset any adverse changes, which may surface during the remainder of the fiscal year or during the audit of the operating results. Savings from State actions of $317 million and requests for Federal assistance of $50 million are assumed in the budget. The 2006 budget provides for a general reserve of $300 million.
The City of New York’s Financial Plan for 2006 through 2009 (the “Financial Plan”) fiscal years projects that the 2006 fiscal year will end balanced in accordance with GAAP and projects budget gaps of $4.5 billion, $4.5 billion and $3.9 billion in fiscal years 2007 through 2009, respectively, after implementation of a gap-reduction program. The City’s Financial Plans have normally projected significant budget gaps in the later years of such plans.
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In response to the City’s fiscal crisis in 1975, the State took action to assist the City in returning to fiscal stability. Among those actions, the State established the Municipal Assistance Corporation for the City of New York (“NYC MAC”) to provide financing assistance to the City; the New York State Financial Control Board (the “Control Board”) to oversee the City’s financial affairs; and the Office of the State Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York (“OSDC”) to assist the Control Board in exercising its powers and responsibilities. A “control period” existed from 1975 to 1986, during which the City was subject to certain statutorily-prescribed fiscal controls. The Control Board terminated the control period in 1986 when certain statutory conditions were met. State law requires the Control Board to reimpose a control period upon the occurrence, or “substantial likelihood and imminence” of the occurrence, of certain events, including (but not limited to) a City operating budget deficit of more than $100 million or impaired access to the public credit markets.
For each of its 1981 through 2004 fiscal years, the City has achieved balanced operating results in accordance with the applicable GAAP after discretionary and other transfers. The City prepares a four-year financial plan annually and updates it periodically, and prepares a comprehensive annual financial report each October describing its most recent fiscal year. Although the audit of 2005 fiscal year is not yet completed, it is expected that the 2005 fiscal year will be the same.
In 1975, New York City suffered a fiscal crisis that impaired the borrowing ability of both the City and New York State. In that year, the City lost access to the public credit markets. The City was not able to sell short-term notes to the public again until 1979. In 1975, S&P suspended its A rating of City bonds. This suspension remained in effect until March 1981, at which time the City received an investment grade rating of BBB from S&P.
The City’s general obligations bonds currently are rated “A1” by Moody’s, “A+” by S&P and “A+” by Fitch, Inc. There is no assurance that such ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely.
Currently, the City and certain of its Covered Organizations (i.e., those organizations which receive or may receive moneys from the City directly, indirectly or contingently) operate under the City’s Financial Plan. The City’s Financial Plan summarizes its capital, revenue and expense projections and outlines proposed gap-closing programs for years with projected budget gaps. The City’s projections set forth in its Financial Plan are based on various assumptions and contingencies, some of which are uncertain and may not materialize. Unforeseen developments (such as the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attack) and changes in major assumptions could significantly affect the City’s ability to balance its budget as required by State law and to meet its annual cash flow and financing requirements.
On February 12, 2004, the OSDC issued a report that concluded that New York City had overcome its most serious fiscal challenge since the 1970s. The report cautioned that continued progress toward recurring budget balance will depend upon sustained economic improvement, an affordable labor agreement, and a reduction in the projected growth in nondiscretionary spending.
For June 2005, the OSDC issued a report that expenditures during fiscal years 2006 through 2008 are projected to exceed the June 2004 estimates by $1.7 billion, $2 billion, and $2.5 billion, respectively. Although the impact in fiscal year 2006 should be mostly offset by higher-than-anticipated revenues, the unexpected spending caused the budget gaps to widen by $468 million in fiscal year 2007 and by $1.3 billion in fiscal year 2008.
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New York City is heavily dependent on New York State and Federal assistance to cover insufficiencies in its revenues. There can be no assurance that in the future Federal and State assistance will enable the City to make up any potential future budget deficits. Although the City has consistently maintained balanced budgets and is projected to achieve balanced operating results for the current fiscal year, there can be no assurance that the gap-closing actions proposed in its Financial Plan can be successfully implemented or that the City will maintain a balanced budget in future years without additional State aid, revenue increases or expenditure reductions. Additional tax increases and reductions in essential City services could adversely affect the City’s economic base.
The projections set forth in the City’s Financial Plan are based on various assumptions and contingencies which are uncertain and which may not materialize. Changes in major assumptions could significantly affect the City’s ability to balance its budget as required by State law and to meet its annual cash flow and financing requirements. Such assumptions and contingencies include the condition of the regional and local economies, the impact on real estate tax revenues of the real estate market, wage increases for City employees consistent with those assumed in the Financial Plan, employment growth, the ability to implement proposed reductions in City personnel and other cost reduction initiatives, the ability to complete revenue generating transactions, provision of State and Federal aid and mandate relief and the impact on City revenues and expenditures of Federal and State welfare reform and any future legislation affecting Medicare or other entitlements.
To successfully implement its Financial Plan, the City and certain entities issuing debt for the benefit of the City must market their securities successfully. This debt is issued to finance the rehabilitation of the City’s infrastructure and other capital needs and to refinance existing debt, as well as to finance seasonal needs. In recent years, the State Constitutional debt limit would have prevented the City from entering into new capital contracts. To prevent disruptions in the capital program, actions were taken to increase the City’s capital financing capacity by enabling financings to benefit the City, which do not count against the City’s Constitutional debt limit. These include the creation of the New York City Transitional Finance Authority (“TFA”) in 1997 and the Tobacco Settlement Asset Securitization Corporation in 1999. Such actions, combined with the City’s remaining capacity, have enabled the City to project that it has sufficient financing capacity to complete its current Ten-Year Capital Strategy, which extends through fiscal year 2015.
The City Comptroller, OSDC, the Control Board and other agencies and public officials from time to time issue reports and make public statements which, among other things, state that projected revenues and expenditures may be different from those forecast in the City’s financial plans. These reports are generally available at websites maintained by the City Comptroller, OSDC, the Control Board and others. It is reasonable to expect that such reports and statements will continue to be issued and to engender public comment.
Certain localities, in addition to the City, have experienced financial problems and have requested and received additional New York State assistance during the last several State fiscal years. The potential impact on the State of any future requests by localities for additional assistance is not included in the State’s projections of its receipts and disbursements for the fiscal year.
Municipalities and school districts have engaged in substantial short-term and long-term borrowings. State law requires the Comptroller to review and make recommendations concerning the budgets of those local government units other than New York City that are authorized by State law to issue debt to finance deficits during the period that such deficit financing is outstanding.
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From time to time, Federal expenditure reductions could reduce, or in some cases eliminate, Federal funding of some local programs and accordingly might impose substantial increased expenditure requirements on affected localities. If the State, the City or any of the Authorities were to suffer serious financial difficulties jeopardizing their respective access to the public credit markets, the marketability of notes and bonds issued by localities within the State could be adversely affected. Localities also face anticipated and potential problems resulting from certain pending litigation, judicial decisions and long range economic trends. Long-range potential problems of declining urban population, increasing expenditures and other economic trends could adversely affect localities and require increasing State assistance in the future.
Standby Commitments
In order to enhance the liquidity, stability or quality of municipal obligations, the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio, ILA Money Market Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, FS Prime Obligations Fund, FS Money Market Fund and FS Tax-Free Fund each may acquire the right to sell a security to another party at a guaranteed price and date. Such a right to resell may be referred to as a put, demand feature or “standby commitment,” depending on its characteristics. The aggregate price which a Series pays for securities with standby commitments may be higher than the price which otherwise would be paid for the securities. Standby commitments may not be available or may not be available on satisfactory terms.
Standby commitments may involve letters of credit issued by domestic or foreign banks supporting the other party’s ability to purchase the security from the Series. The right to sell may be exercisable on demand or at specified intervals, and may form part of a security or be acquired separately by the Series.
Management of the Trust understands that the Internal Revenue Service has issued a favorable revenue ruling to the effect that, under specified circumstances, a registered investment company will be the owner of tax-exempt municipal obligations acquired subject to a put option. Institutional Tax-Exempt Assets, the predecessor company of which ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio and ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio were series, has received a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service to the effect that it is considered the owner of the municipal obligations subject to standby commitments so that the interest on such instruments will be tax-exempt income to it. (Such rulings do not, however, serve as precedent for other taxpayers, are applicable only to the taxpayer requesting the ruling and have, on occasion, been reversed by the Internal Revenue Service.) The Internal Revenue Service has subsequently announced that it will not ordinarily issue advance ruling letters as to the identity of the true owner of property in cases involving the sale of securities or participation interests therein if the purchaser has the right to cause the security, or the participation interest therein, to be purchased by either the seller or a third party. Each of the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund intends to take the position that it is the owner of any municipal obligations acquired subject to a standby commitment or acquired or held with certain other types of put rights and that its distributions of tax-exempt interest earned with respect to such municipal obligations will be tax-exempt for its shareholders. There is no assurance that standby commitments will be available to a Series nor has any Series assumed that such commitments will continue to be available under all market conditions.
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Borrowings
A Series can borrow money from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its total assets. Borrowings involve leveraging. If the securities held by a Series decline in value while these transactions are outstanding, the Series’ market value will decline in value by proportionately more than the decline in value of the securities.
Non-Diversified Status
Although the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio are “non-diversified” under the Act, each is subject to applicable tax requirements relating to portfolio diversification. Under federal tax laws, the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio may, with respect to 50% of their total assets, invest up to 25% of their total assets in the securities of any issuer. With respect to the remaining 50% of each Series’ total assets, (i) the Series may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. Government), and (ii) the Series may not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer. These tests apply at the end of each quarter of its taxable year and are subject to certain conditions and limitations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). These restrictions do not apply to securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises and regulated investment companies
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following investment restrictions have been adopted by the Trust as fundamental policies that cannot be changed with respect to any Series without the approval of the majority of outstanding voting securities of that Series. The investment objective of each ILA Portfolio (except the ILA Tax-Exempt California and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolios’ objective of providing shareholders with income exempt from California State and New York State and New York City personal income tax, respectively) cannot be changed without approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of that ILA Portfolio. In addition, the policy of ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio and FS Treasury Obligations Fund to limit their investments to U.S. Treasury Obligations (as defined in Appendix A of their Prospectuses) and related repurchase agreements is fundamental. The investment objective of each Financial Square Fund, and all other investment policies or practices of the Series, except as stated in this paragraph, are considered by the Trust not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. As a matter of fundamental policy, at least 80% of the Net Assets of each of the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA California Tax-Exempt Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, and FS Tax-Free Fund will be invested in municipal obligations, the interest from which is, in the opinion of bond counsel, if any, excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. In addition, as a matter of fundamental policy, at least 80% of the Net Assets of each of the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio will be invested in California and New York municipal obligations, respectively, except in extraordinary circumstances. Each of these four Series may temporarily invest in taxable money market instruments or, in the case of the ILA Tax-Exempt California and ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, in municipal obligations that are not California or New York municipal obligations, respectively, when acceptable California and New York obligations are not available or when the Investment Adviser believes that the market conditions dictate a defensive posture.
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As defined in the Act and the rules thereunder and as used in the Prospectuses and this Additional Statement, “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Series means the lesser of the vote of (i) 67% of the shares of that Series present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Series are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Series. Investment restrictions that involve a maximum percentage of securities or assets are not considered to be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by or on behalf of, a Series, with the exception of borrowings permitted by Investment Restriction (3).
Accordingly, the Trust may not, on behalf of any Series (except for FS Government Fund):
(1) Make any investment inconsistent with the Series’ classification as a diversified company under the Act. This restriction does not, however, apply to any Series classified as a non-diversified company under the Act.
(2) Purchase securities if such purchase would cause more than 25% in the aggregate of the market value of the total assets of a Series to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that there is no limitation with respect to, and each Series (other than the FS Money Market Fund) reserves freedom of action, when otherwise consistent with its investment policies, to concentrate its investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, obligations (other than commercial paper) issued or guaranteed by U.S. banks and U.S. branches of U.S. or foreign banks and repurchase agreements and securities loans collateralized by such U.S. government obligations or such bank obligations. The FS Money Market Fund may concentrate its investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities and repurchase agreements and securities loans collateralized by such obligations and will invest more than 25% of its total assets in obligations issued or guaranteed by banks (whether foreign or domestic) and repurchase agreements and securities loans collateralized by such obligations. However, if adverse economic conditions prevail in the banking industry, the FS Money Market Fund may, for defensive purposes, temporarily invest less than 25% of the value of its total assets in such obligations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the ILA Money Market Portfolio will invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in bank obligations (whether foreign or domestic) except that if adverse economic conditions prevail in the banking industry, the ILA Money Market Portfolio may, for defensive purposes, temporarily invest less than 25% of its total assets in bank obligations. For the purposes of this restriction, state and municipal governments and their agencies, authorities and instrumentalities are not deemed to be industries; telephone companies are considered to be a separate industry from water, gas or electric utilities; personal credit finance companies and business credit finance companies are deemed to be separate industries; and wholly owned finance companies are considered to be in the industry of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents.
(3) Borrow money, except that (a) the Series may borrow from banks (as defined in the Act) and each Series may borrow through reverse repurchase agreements, in amounts up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed), (b) the Series may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, (c) the Series may obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance
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of purchases and sales of portfolio securities and (d) the Series may purchase securities on margin to the extent permitted by applicable law. (Notwithstanding the foregoing fundamental policy that would allow each Series to borrow through reverse repurchase agreements, as of the date of this Additional Statement, each Series does not engage in reverse repurchase transactions as a matter of non-fundamental policy which may be changed or amended by action of the Board of Trustees without approval of shareholders. In addition, any such change permitting the FS Government Fund to engage in reverse repurchase agreements shall not be implemented until 30 days prior notice has been issued to shareholders.)
(4) Make loans, except (a) through the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with each Series’ investment objective and policies, (b) through repurchase agreements with banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, (c) with respect to the Financial Square Funds, loans of securities as permitted by applicable law, and (d) with respect to the ILA Portfolios, loans of securities.
(5) Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by the Series may be deemed to be an underwriting.
(6) Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, although the Series may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein, securities of real estate investment trusts and mortgage-related securities and may hold and sell real estate acquired by the Series as a result of the ownership of securities.
(7) Invest in commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Series may invest in currency and financial instruments and contracts that are commodities or commodity contracts.
(8) Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.
For purposes of the 25% investment requirement for the ILA Money Market Portfolio stated in Investment Limitation No. 2 above, the ILA Money Market Portfolio considers “bank obligations” to include obligations either issued or guaranteed by banks (whether foreign or domestic).
FS Government Fund may not:
(1) With respect to 75% of its total assets taken at market value, invest more than 5% of the value of the total assets of that Series in the securities of any one issuer, except U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities. This restriction does not, however, apply to any Series classified as a non-diversified company under the Act.
(2) With respect to 75% of its total assets taken at market value, purchase the securities of any one issuer if, as a result of such purchase, that Series would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. This restriction does not, however, apply to any Series classified as a non-diversified company under the Act.
(3) Borrow money, except from banks on a temporary basis for extraordinary or emergency purposes, provided that a Series is required to maintain asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and that no purchases of securities will be made if such borrowings exceed 5%
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of the value of the Series’ assets. This restriction does not apply to cash collateral received as a result of portfolio securities lending. (Notwithstanding the foregoing fundamental policy, as of the date of this Additional Statement, the Series does not engage in reverse repurchase transactions as a matter of non-fundamental policy which may be changed or amended by action of the Board of Trustees without approval of shareholders. In addition, any such change permitting the FS Government Fund to engage in reverse repurchase agreements shall not be implemented until 30 days prior notice has been issued to shareholders.)
(4) Mortgage, pledge or hypothecate its assets except to secure permitted borrowings.
(5) Act as underwriter of the securities issued by others, except to the extent that the purchase of securities in accordance with a Series’ investment objective and policies directly from the issuer thereof and the later disposition thereof may be deemed to be underwriting.
(6) Purchase securities if such purchase would cause more than 25% in the aggregate of the market value of the total assets of a Series to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that there is no limitation with respect to, and the Series reserves freedom of action, when otherwise consistent with its investment policies, to concentrate its investments in U.S. Government Securities, obligations (other than commercial paper) issued or guaranteed by U.S. banks, and U.S. branches of foreign banks and repurchase agreements and securities loans collateralized by U.S. Government Securities or such bank obligations. (For the purposes of this restriction, state and municipal governments and their agencies and authorities are not deemed to be industries, and telephone companies are considered to be a separate industry from water, gas or electric utilities, personal credit finance companies and business credit finance companies are deemed to be separate industries and wholly-owned finance companies are considered to be in the industry of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents. Such concentration may be effected when the Investment Adviser determines that risk adjusted returns in such industries are considered favorable relative to other industries.)
(7) Issue senior securities, except as appropriate to evidence indebtedness that a Series is permitted to incur and except for shares of existing or additional Series of the Trust.
(8) Purchase or sell real estate (excluding securities secured by real estate or interests therein), interests in oil, gas or mineral leases, commodities or commodities contracts. The Trust reserves the freedom to hold and to sell real estate acquired for any Series as a result of the ownership of securities.
(9) Make loans to other persons, except loans of portfolio securities and except to the extent that the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with such Series’ investment objective and policies may be deemed to be loans.
(10) Purchase securities on margin (except for delayed delivery or when-issued transactions or such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions), make short sales of securities, maintain a short position, or invest in or write puts, calls or combinations thereof (except that a Series may acquire puts in connection with the acquisition of a debt instrument).
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(11) Invest in other companies for the purpose of exercising control or management.
Each Series may, notwithstanding any other fundamental investment restriction or policy, invest some or all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same fundamental investment objectives, restrictions and policies as the Series.
In addition to the fundamental policies mentioned above, the Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted the following non-fundamental policies with respect to the Financial Square Funds which may be changed or amended by action of the Board of Trustees without approval of shareholders. Accordingly, the Trust may not, on the behalf of any Series:
| (a) | | Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control or management. |
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| (b) | | Invest more than 10% of a Series’ net assets in illiquid investments including repurchase agreements with a notice or demand period of more than seven days, securities which are not readily marketable and restricted securities not eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. |
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| (c) | | Purchase additional securities if the Series’ borrowings exceed 5% of its net assets. |
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| (d) | | Make short sales of securities, except short sales against the box. |
As money market funds, all of the Series must also comply, as a non-fundamental policy, with Rule 2a-7 under the Act. While a detailed and technical rule, Rule 2a-7 has three basic requirements: portfolio maturity, portfolio quality and portfolio diversification. Portfolio maturity. Rule 2a-7 requires that the maximum maturity (as determined in accordance with Rule 2a-7) of any security in a Series’ portfolio may not exceed 13 months and a Series’ average portfolio maturity may not exceed 90 days. Portfolio quality. A money market fund may only invest in First Tier and Second Tier securities (as defined in the Rule). Each Series as a matter of non-fundamental policy, only invests in First Tier securities. Portfolio diversification. The ILA Prime Obligations, ILA Money Market, ILA Government, ILA Treasury Obligations, ILA Treasury Instruments, ILA Federal and ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolios, FS Prime Obligations, FS Government, FS Treasury Obligations, FS Money Market, FS Federal, FS Treasury Instruments and FS Tax-Free Funds may not invest more than 5% of their total assets in the securities of any one issuer (except U.S. Government Securities, repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities, certain securities that are backed by escrowed U.S. Government Securities, and certain securities subject to a guarantee or unconditional demand feature). Each of such Series may, however, invest up to 25% of its total assets in the First Tier Securities of a single issuer for a period of up to three business days after the purchase thereof. ILA Tax-Exempt New York and ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolios, with respect to 75% of their respective total assets, may not invest more than 5% of their total assets in the securities of any one issuer (except U.S. Government Securities, repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities and certain securities subject to a guarantee or unconditional demand feature); provided that such Series may not invest more than 5% of their respective total assets in the securities of a single issuer unless the securities are First Tier Securities. Subject to certain exceptions, immediately after the acquisition of any demand features or guarantees (i.e., generally, the right to sell the security at a price equal to its approximate amortized cost (for a demand feature) or principal amount (for a guarantee) plus accrued interest), with respect to 75% of the assets of a Series, no more than 10% of the Series’ total assets may be invested in securities issued by or subject to demand features or guarantees issued by the same issuer. Securities
50
which are rated in the highest short-term rating category by at least two NRSROs, or if only one NRSRO has assigned a rating, by that NRSRO are “First Tier securities.” Securities rated in the top two short-term rating categories by at least two NRSROs or by the only NRSRO which has assigned a rating, but which are not First Tier securities are “Second Tier securities.” Unrated securities may also be First Tier or Second Tier securities if they are of comparable quality as determined by the Investment Adviser. In accordance with certain rules, the rating of demand feature or guarantee of a security may be deemed to be the rating of the underlying security. NRSROs include Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, Fitch and Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited. For a description of their rating categories, see Appendix A.
“Value” for the purposes of all investment restrictions means the value used in determining a Series’ net asset value. “U.S. Government Securities” shall mean securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.
Although the fundamental policies mentioned above would allow the Series to borrow through reverse repurchase agreements, as of the date of this Additional Statement, the Series do not engage in reverse repurchase transactions as a matter of non-fundamental policy.
51
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The business and affairs of the Series are managed under the direction of the Board of Trustees subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Trust’s Declaration of Trust. The Trustees are responsible for deciding matters of general policy and reviewing the actions of the Trust’s service providers. The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise each Series’ daily business operations.
Trustees of the Trust
Information pertaining to the Trustees of the Trust is set forth below. Trustees who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Trust as defined in the Act are referred to as “Independent Trustees.” Trustees who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Trust are referred to as “Interested Trustees.”
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Independent Trustees |
| | | | | | | | Number of | | |
| | | | Term of | | | | Portfolios in | | |
| | | | Office and | | | | Fund | | |
| | Position(s) | | Length of | | | | Complex | | |
Name, | | Held with | | Time | | Principal Occupation(s) | | Overseen by | | Other Directorships |
Address and Age1 | | the Trust2 | | Served3 | | During Past 5 Years | | Trustee4 | | Held by Trustee5 |
Ashok N. Bakhru Age: 64 | | Chairman of the Board of Trustees | | Since 1991 | | President, ABN Associates (July 1994–March 1996 and November 1998–Present); Executive Vice President – Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer, Coty Inc. (manufacturer of fragrances and cosmetics) (April 1996–November 1998); Director of Arkwright Mutual Insurance Company (1984–1999); Trustee of International House of Philadelphia (program center and residential community for students and professional trainees from the United States and foreign countries) (1989-2004); Member of Cornell University Council (1992-2004); Trustee of the Walnut Street Theater (1992-2004); Trustee, Scholarship America (1998-2005); Trustee, Institute for Higher Education Policy (2003-Present); Director, Private Equity Investors–III and IV (November 1998-Present), and Equity-Limited Investors II (April 2002-Present); and Chairman, Lenders Service Inc. (provider of mortgage lending services) (2000-2003). | | | 72 | | | None |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Chairman of the Board of Trustees – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
John P. Coblentz, Jr. Age: 65 | | Trustee | | Since 2003 | | Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP (June 1975 – May 2003). | | | 72 | | | None |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
52
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Independent Trustees |
| | | | | | | | Number of | | |
| | | | Term of | | | | Portfolios in | | |
| | | | Office and | | | | Fund | | |
| | Position(s) | | Length of | | | | Complex | | |
Name, | | Held with | | Time | | Principal Occupation(s) | | Overseen by | | Other Directorships |
Address and Age1 | | the Trust2 | | Served3 | | During Past 5 Years | | Trustee4 | | Held by Trustee5 |
Patrick T. Harker Age: 47 | | Trustee | | Since 2000 | | Dean and Reliance Professor of Operations and Information Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (February 2000-Present); Interim and Deputy Dean, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (July 1999-Present); and Professor and Chairman of Department of Operations and Information Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (July 1997–August 2000). | | | 72 | | | None |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mary P. McPherson Age: 70 | | Trustee | | Since 1997 | | Vice President, The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (provider of grants for conservation, environmental and educational purposes) (October 1997-Present); Director, Smith College (1998-Present); Director, Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation (health educational programs) (1977-Present); Director, Philadelphia Contributionship (insurance) (1985-Present); Director Emeritus, Amherst College (1986–1998); Director, The Spencer Foundation (educational research) (1993-February 2003); member of PNC Advisory Board (banking) (1993-1998); Director, American School of Classical Studies in Athens (1997-Present); and Trustee, Emeriti Retirement Health Solutions (post-retirement medical insurance program for non-profit institutions) (since 2005). | | | 72 | | | None |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Wilma J. Smelcer Age: 57 | | Trustee | | Since 2001 | | Chairman, Bank of America, Illinois (banking) (1998-January 2001); and Governor, Board of Governors, Chicago Stock Exchange (national securities exchange) (April 2001-April 2004). | | | 72 | | | Lawson Products Inc. (distributor of industrial products). |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
53
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Independent Trustees |
| | | | | | | | Number of | | |
| | | | Term of | | | | Portfolios in | | |
| | | | Office and | | | | Fund | | |
| | Position(s) | | Length of | | | | Complex | | |
Name, | | Held with | | Time | | Principal Occupation(s) | | Overseen by | | Other Directorships |
Address and Age1 | | the Trust2 | | Served3 | | During Past 5 Years | | Trustee4 | | Held by Trustee5 |
Richard P. Strubel Age: 66 | | Trustee | | Since 1987 | | Vice Chairman and Director, Cardean Learning Group (provider of educational services via the internet) (2003-Present); President, COO and Director, Cardean Learning Group. (1999-2003); Director, Cantilever Technologies, Inc. (a private software company) (1999-2005); Trustee, The University of Chicago (1987-Present); and Managing Director, Tandem Partners, Inc. (management services firm) (1990–1999). | | | 72 | | | Gildan Activewear Inc. (a clothing marketing and manufacturing company); Cardean Learning Group (provider of educational services via the internet); Northern Mutual Fund Complex (53 Portfolios). |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
54
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interested Trustees |
| | | | | | | | Number of | | |
| | | | Term of | | | | Portfolios | | |
| | | | Office and | | | | in Fund | | |
| | Position(s) | | Length of | | | | Complex | | |
Name, | | Held with | | Time | | Principal Occupation(s) | | Overseen | | Other Directorships |
Address and Age1 | | the Trust2 | | Served3 | | During Past 5 Years | | by Trustee4 | | Held by Trustee5 |
*Alan A. Shuch Age: 56 | | Trustee | | Since 1990 | | Advisory Director – GSAM (May 1999-Present); Consultant to GSAM (December 1994 – May 1999); and Limited Partner, Goldman Sachs (December 1994 — May 1999). | | | 72 | | | None |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
*Kaysie P. Uniacke Age: 45 | | Trustee | | Since 2001 | | Managing Director, GSAM (1997-Present). | | | 72 | | | None |
| | & | | | | | | | | | | |
| | President | | Since 2002 | | Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | President – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (2002-Present) (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Assistant Secretary – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (1997 – 2002) (registered investment companies). | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Trustee, Gettysburg College. | | | | | | |
| | |
* | | These persons are considered to be “Interested Trustees” because they hold positions with Goldman Sachs and own securities issued by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Each Interested Trustee holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor. |
|
1 | | Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Goldman Sachs, One New York Plaza, 37th Floor, New York, New York, 10004, Attn: Peter V. Bonanno. |
|
2 | | The Trust is a successor to a Massachusetts business trust that was combined with the Trust on April 30, 1997. |
|
3 | | Each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (a) the election of his or her successor; (b) the date the Trustee resigns or is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trust’s Declaration of Trust; (c) the date the Trustee attains the age of 72 years (in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees, which may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder vote); or (d) the termination of the Trust. |
|
4 | | The Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex consists of the Trust and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust. As of December 31, 2005, the Trust consisted of 61 portfolios, including the Funds described in this Additional Statement, and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust consisted of 11 portfolios. |
|
5 | | This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i.e., “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the Act. |
55
Officers of the Trust
Information pertaining to the officers of the Trust is set forth below.
| | | | | | |
Officers of the Trust |
| | Position(s) | | | | |
| | Held | | Term of Office | | |
Name, Age | | With the | | and Length of | | Principal Occupation(s) |
And Address | | rust | | Time Served1 | | During Past 5 Years |
Kaysie P. Uniacke 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 45 | | President & Trustee | | Since 2002
Since 2001 | | Managing Director, GSAM (1997-Present).
Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies).
President – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies).
Assistant Secretary – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (1997–2002) (registered investment companies).
Trustee, Gettysburg College. |
| | | | | | |
John M. Perlowski 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 41 | | Treasurer | | Since 1997 | | Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (November 2003 – Present) and Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 1995-November 2003).
Treasurer – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Philip V. Giuca, Jr. 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 44 | | Assistant Treasurer | | Since 1997 | | Vice President, Goldman Sachs (May 1992-Present).
Assistant Treasurer – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Peter Fortner 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 48 | | Assistant Treasurer | | Since 2000 | | Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 2000-Present); Associate, Prudential Insurance Company of America (November 1985–June 2000); and Assistant Treasurer, certain closed-end funds administered by Prudential (1999 and 2000).
Assistant Treasurer – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Kenneth G. Curran 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 42 | | Assistant Treasurer | | Since 2001 | | Vice President, Goldman Sachs (November 1998-Present); and Senior Tax Manager, KPMG Peat Marwick (accountants) (August 1995–October 1998).
Assistant Treasurer – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Charles Rizzo 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age:48 | | Assistant Treasurer | | Since 2005 | | Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2005-Present); Managing Director and Treasurer of Scudder Funds, Deutsche Asset Management (April 2003-June 2005); Director, Tax and Financial Reporting, Deutsche Asset Management (August 2002-April 2003); Vice President and Treasurer, Deutsche Global Fund Services (August 1999-August 2002).
Assistant Treasurer- Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
56
| | | | | | |
Officers of the Trust |
| | Position(s) | | | | |
| | Held | | Term of Office | | |
Name, Age | | With the | | and Length of | | Principal Occupation(s) |
And Address | | rust | | Time Served1 | | During Past 5 Years |
James A. Fitzpatrick 71 South Wacker Drive Suite 500 Chicago, IL 60606 Age: 46 | | Vice President | | Since 1997 | | Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (October 1999– Present); and Vice President of GSAM (April 1997–December 1999).
Vice President – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Jesse Cole 71 South Wacker Drive Suite 500 Chicago, IL 60606 Age: 42 | | Vice President | | Since 1998 | | Vice President, GSAM (June 1998-Present); and Vice President, AIM Management Group, Inc. (investment adviser) (April 1996–June 1998).
Vice President – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Kerry K. Daniels 71 South Wacker Drive Suite 500 Chicago, IL 60606 Age: 43 | | Vice President | | Since 2000 | | Manager, Financial Control – Shareholder Services, Goldman Sachs (1986-Present).
Vice President – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
James McNamara 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 43 | | Vice President | | Since 2001 | | Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 1998-Present); Director of Institutional Fund Sales, GSAM (April 1998–December 2000); and Senior Vice President and Manager, Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation (January 1993 – April 1998).
Vice President—Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies).
Trustee – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies) (December 2002 – May 2004). |
| | | | | | |
Peter V. Bonanno 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 37 | | Secretary | | Since 2003 | | Vice President and Associate General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (2002–Present); Vice President and Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (1999–2002).
Secretary – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Dave Fishman 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 41 | | Assistant Secretary | | Since 2001 | | Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 2001–Present); and Vice President, Goldman Sachs (1997–December 2001).
Assistant Secretary – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | | | | | |
Danny Burke 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 43 | | Assistant Secretary | | Since 2001 | | Vice President, Goldman Sachs (1987–Present).
Assistant Secretary – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
57
| | | | | | |
Officers of the Trust |
| | Position(s) | | | | |
| | Held | | Term of Office | | |
Name, Age | | With the | | and Length of | | Principal Occupation(s) |
And Address | | rust | | Time Served1 | | During Past 5 Years |
Elizabeth D. Anderson 32 Old Slip New York, NY 10005 Age: 36 | | Assistant Secretary | | Since 1997 | | Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 2002 – Present); Vice President, Goldman Sachs (1997-December 2002) and Fund Manager, GSAM (April 1996–Present).
Assistant Secretary – Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (registered investment companies). |
| | |
1 | | Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. Each officer holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor. |
Standing Board Committees
The Board of Trustees has established seven standing committees in connection with their governance of the Series – Audit, Governance and Nominating, Compliance, Valuation, Dividend, Schedule E and Contract Review.
The Audit Committee oversees the audit process and provides assistance to the full Board of Trustees with respect to fund accounting, tax compliance and financial statement matters. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the entire Board of Trustees an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Trust for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee held five meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
The Governance and Nominating Committee has been established to: (i) assist the Board of Trustees in matters involving mutual fund governance and industry practices; (ii) select and nominate candidates for appointment or election to serve as Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust or its investment adviser or distributor (as defined by the Act); and (iii) advise the Board of Trustees on ways to improve its effectiveness. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Governance and Nominating Committee. The Governance and Nominating Committee held three meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance and Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Trust at its mailing address stated in the Funds’ Prospectuses and should be directed to the attention of the Goldman Sachs Trust Governance and Nominating Committee.
The Compliance Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the compliance processes: (i) of the Funds; and (ii) insofar as they relate to services provided to the Funds, of the Funds’ investment adviser, distributor, administrator (if any), and transfer agent, except that compliance processes relating to the accounting and financial reporting processes, and certain related matters, are overseen by the Audit Committee. In addition, the Compliance Committee provides assistance to the full Board of Trustees with respect to compliance matters. The Compliance
58
Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Compliance Committee.
The Valuation Committee is authorized to act for the Board of Trustees in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities held by the Funds in accordance with the Trust’s Valuation Procedures. Mr. Shuch and Ms. Uniacke serve on the Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee met eight times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
The Dividend Committee is authorized, subject to the ratification of Trustees who are not members of the committee, to declare dividends and capital gain distributions consistent with each Fund’s Prospectus. Currently, the sole member of the Trust’s Dividend Committee is Ms. Uniacke. The Dividend Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 with respect to the Series included in this Additional Statement and met eighty-five times with respect to all of the Series of the Trust.
The Schedule E Committee is authorized to address potential conflicts of interest regulated by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (“NASD”). Currently, Mr. Bakhru is the sole member of this committee. The Schedule E Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
The Contract Review Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the processes of the Board of Trustees for approving and monitoring the Funds’ investment management, distribution, transfer agency and other agreements with the Fund’s Investment Adviser and its affiliates. The Contract Review Committee is responsible for overseeing the Board of Trustees processes for approving and reviewing the operation of the Funds’ distribution, service, shareholder administration and other plans, and any agreements related to the plans, whether or not such plans and agreements are adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Contract Review Committee also provides appropriate assistance to the Board of Trustees in connection with the Board’s approval, oversight and review of the Funds’ other service providers including, without limitation, the Funds’ custodian/accounting agent, sub-transfer agents, professional (legal and accounting) firms and printing firms. The Contract Review Committee held four meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Contract Review Committee.
Trustee Ownership of Series Shares
The following table shows the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Series and other portfolios of the Trust and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust.
| | | | |
| | | | Aggregate Dollar Range of |
| | | | Equity Securities in All |
| | Dollar Range of | | Portfolios in Fund Complex |
Name of Trustee | | Equity Securities in the Series1 | | Overseen By Trustee2 |
Ashok N. Bakhru | | $0 | | Over $100,000 |
| | | | |
John P. Coblentz, Jr. | | $0 | | Over $100,000 |
| | | | |
Patrick T. Harker | | $0 | | Over $100,000 |
| | | | |
Mary P. McPherson | | $0 | | Over $100,000 |
| | | | |
Alan A. Shuch | | FS Federal Fund: Over $100,000 | | Over $100,000 |
59
| | | | |
| | | | Aggregate Dollar Range of |
| | | | Equity Securities in All |
| | Dollar Range of | | Portfolios in Fund Complex |
Name of Trustee | | Equity Securities in the Series1 | | Overseen By Trustee2 |
Wilma J. Smelcer | | $0 | | Over $100,000 |
| | | | |
Richard P. Strubel | | ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio: Over $100,000 | | Over $100,000 |
| | | | |
Kaysie P. Uniacke | | FS Tax-Free Money Market Fund: Over $100,000 | | Over $100,000 |
| | |
1 | | Includes the value of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in each Series described in this Additional Statement as of December 31, 2005. |
|
2 | | Includes the Trust and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust. As of December 31, 2005, the Trust consisted of 61 portfolios, including the Funds described in this Additional Statement, and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust consisted of 11 portfolios. |
As of March 31, 2006, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of each Series.
Board Compensation
The Trust pays each Independent Trustee an annual fee for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust, plus an additional fee for each regular and special telephonic Board meeting and each Governance and Nominating Committee, Compliance Committee, Contract Review Committee and Audit Committee meeting attended by such Trustee. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. The Trust may also pay the incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences relating to the investment company industry.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each Trustee of the Trust for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trustee Compensation |
| | Fund |
| | | | | | | | | | ILA | | ILA | | | | | | | | | | ILA Tax- | | ILA Tax- | | ILA Tax- |
| | ILA Prime | | ILA Money | | Treasury | | Treasury | | ILA | | ILA | | Exempt | | Exempt | | Exempt |
| | Obligations | | Market | | Obligations | | Instruments | | Government | | Federal | | Diversified | | California | | New York |
Name of Trustee | | Portfolio | | Portfolio | | Portfolio | | Portfolio | | Portfolio | | Portfolio | | Portfolio | | Portfolio | | Portfolio |
|
Ashok N. Bakhru1 | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | |
|
John P. Coblentz, Jr. | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Patrick T. Harker | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Mary P. McPherson | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Alan A. Shuch | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Wilma J. Smelcer | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Richard P. Strubel | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Kaysie P. Uniacke | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
60
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trustee Compensation |
| | Fund |
| | FS Prime | | | | | | FS Treasury | | FS Treasury | | FS | | | | |
| | Obligations | | FS Money | | Obligations | | Instruments | | Government | | FS Federal | | FS Tax-Free |
Name of Trustee | | Fund | | Market Fund | | Fund | | Fund | | Fund | | Fund | | Fund |
|
Ashok N. Bakhru1 | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | | | $ | 3,548 | |
|
John P. Coblentz, Jr. | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Patrick T. Harker | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Mary P. McPherson | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Alan A. Shuch | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Wilma J. Smelcer | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Richard P. Strubel | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | | | | 2,437 | |
|
Kaysie P. Uniacke | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Trustee Compensation
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| | | | | | Pension or Retirement | | |
| | Aggregate | | Benefits Accrued as Part | | Total Compensation |
| | Compensation | | of the | | From Fund Complex |
Name of Trustee | | from the Series | | Trust’s Expenses | | (including the Funds)2 |
Ashok N. Bakhru1 | | $ | 56,761 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 202,214 | |
John P. Coblentz, Jr. | | | 38,984 | | | | — | | | | 138,881 | |
Patrick T. Harker | | | 38,984 | | | | — | | | | 138,881 | |
Mary P. McPherson | | | 38,984 | | | | — | | | | 138,881 | |
Alan A. Shuch | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Wilma J. Smelcer | | | 38,984 | | | | — | | | | 138,881 | |
Richard P. Strubel | | | 38,984 | | | | — | | | | 138,881 | |
Kaysie P. Uniacke | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | |
1 | | Includes compensation as Board Chairman. |
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2 | | The Fund Complex consists of the Trust and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust. The Trust consisted of 61 portfolios and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust consisted of 11 portfolios as of December 31, 2005. |
Code of Ethics
The Trust, its Investment Advisers and principal underwriter have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Act that permit personnel subject to their particular codes of ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Series.
THE INVESTMENT ADVISER, DISTRIBUTOR AND TRANSFER AGENT
The Investment Adviser
As stated in the Series’ Prospectuses, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”), 32 Old Slip, New York, NY 10005 serves as Investment Adviser to the Series. GSAM is a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and an affiliate of Goldman Sachs. Prior to the end of April 2003, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, a business unit of the Investment Management Division (“IMD”) of Goldman Sachs, served as the Series’ Investment Adviser. On or about April 26, 2003, GSAM assumed Goldman Sachs Asset Management’s investment advisory responsibilities for the Series. Under the Management Agreement between GSAM and the Trust on behalf of the Series, GSAM,
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subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and in conformity with the stated policies of each Series, acts as investment adviser and directs the investments of the Series. In addition, GSAM administers the Series’ business affairs and, in connection therewith, furnishes the Trust with office facilities and (to the extent not provided by the Trust’s custodian, transfer agent, or other organizations) clerical, recordkeeping and bookkeeping services and maintains the financial and account records required to be maintained by the Trust. As compensation for these services and for assuming expenses related thereto, GSAM is entitled to receive a fee from the Trust, computed daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of .35% and .205% of each ILA Portfolio’s and each Financial Square Fund’s average daily net assets, respectively. GSAM has agreed to reduce or otherwise limit the operating expenses of the respective Series, excluding, among other categories of expenses, taxes, interest, brokerage and litigation, indemnification, shareholder meetings and other extraordinary expenses, on an annualized basis, as described in the Series’ Prospectus. The amount of such reductions or limits, if any, are calculated monthly and are based on the cumulative difference between a Series’ estimated annualized expense ratio and the expense limit for that Series. This amount will be reduced by any prior payments related to the current fiscal year. Goldman Sachs Asset Management voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for each Financial Square Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. Goldman Sachs has agreed to permit the Financial Square Funds and the ILA Portfolios to use the name “Goldman Sachs” or a derivative thereof as part of their names for as long as the Management Agreement is in effect.
Goldman Sachs and GSAM have authorized any of its directors, partners, officers and employees who have been elected or appointed to the position of Trustee or officer of the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they have been elected and appointed.
The Trust, on behalf of each Series, is responsible for all expenses other than those expressly borne by GSAM under the Series’ Management Agreements. The expenses borne by shares of each Series include, without limitation, the fees payable to GSAM, the fees and expenses under the Trust’s distribution, administration, service, select, capital administration and other plans, the fees and expenses of the Series’ custodian, fees and expenses of the Series’ transfer agent, filing fees for the registration or qualification of shares under federal or state securities laws, expenses of the organization of the Series, taxes (including income and excise taxes, if any), interest, costs of liability insurance, fidelity bonds, indemnification or contribution, any costs, expenses or losses arising out of any liability of, or claim for damages or other relief asserted against, the Series for violation of any law, legal and auditing and tax fees and expenses (including the cost of legal and certain accounting services rendered by employees of Goldman Sachs with respect to the Series), expenses of preparing and setting in type prospectuses, statements of additional information, proxy material, reports and notices, the printing and distribution of the same to shareholders and regulatory authorities, each Series’ proportionate share of the compensation and expenses of its “non-interested” Trustees (defined below), and extraordinary expenses incurred by the Series.
The Management Agreement entered into on behalf of the ILA Portfolios (the “ILA Management Agreement”) was most recently approved by the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the ILA Management Agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in the Act) of any party thereto (the “non-interested Trustees”), on June 16, 2005. The ILA Management Agreement will remain in effect until June 30, 2006 and will continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the particular ILA Portfolio, as defined in the Act, and, in either case, by a majority of non-interested Trustees.
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For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 the amount of the management fee incurred by each ILA Portfolio was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Portfolio | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 1,794,400 | | | $ | 1,587,253 | | | $ | 2,802,206 | |
Money Market Portfolio | | | 6,367,484 | | | | 5,926,995 | | | | 6,200,669 | |
Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 3,115,625 | | | | 2,784,216 | | | | 5,833,433 | |
Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 1,930,780 | | | | 2,024,548 | | | | 1,796,385 | |
Government Portfolio | | | 375,320 | | | | 472,815 | | | | 629,284 | |
Federal Portfolio | | | 8,982,369 | | | | 9,991,077 | | | | 11,636,096 | |
Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 7,708,417 | | | | 7,454,085 | | | | 6,445,097 | |
Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 1,857,662 | | | | 1,627,679 | | | | 2,093,894 | |
Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 1,320,932 | | | | 1,113,721 | | | | 1,005,506 | |
In addition, Goldman Sachs Asset Management assumed certain expenses related to the operations of each ILA Portfolio during various periods of 2005, 2004 and 2003 to the extent such expenses would have caused each ILA Portfolio’s total expenses to exceed, on an annualized basis, certain contractual or voluntary expense limitations. Had these expenses not been assumed, the following additional expenses (which include expenses assumed by GSAM with respect to certain service and distribution plans that are described separately under the “Service and Shareholder Administration Plans” and “Distribution and Service Plans”) would have been incurred for such years:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Portfolio | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 151,782 | | | $ | 325,386 | | | $ | 338,704 | |
Money Market Portfolio | | | 609,036 | | | | 851,006 | | | | 1,417,367 | |
Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 118,999 | | | | 76,419 | | | | 237,916 | |
Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 163,863 | | | | 125,508 | | | | 175,888 | |
Government Portfolio | | | 208,146 | | | | 200,603 | | | | 219,298 | |
Federal Portfolio | | | 622,571 | | | | 1,420,699 | | | | 3,287,855 | |
Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 672,618 | | | | 1,130,347 | | | | 2,183,580 | |
Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 101,001 | | | | 241,602 | | | | 525,949 | |
Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 386,046 | | | | 458,133 | | | | 579,778 | |
Each ILA Portfolio has entered into certain expense offset arrangements with the custodian resulting in a reduction in the ILA Portfolio’s expenses. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 each ILA Portfolio’s custody fees were reduced by the following amounts under such arrangement:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Portfolio | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 1,278 | | | $ | 493 | | | $ | 302 | |
Money Market Portfolio | | | 1,247 | | | | 541 | | | | 348 | |
Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 1,344 | | | | 541 | | | | 340 | |
Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 7,517 | | | | 463 | | | | 752 | |
Government Portfolio | | | 1,181 | | | | 505 | | | | 338 | |
Federal Portfolio | | | 24,389 | | | | 546 | | | | 1,169 | |
Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 1,127 | | | | 97,751 | | | | 141,412 | |
Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 819 | | | | 26,261 | | | | 52,519 | |
Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 420 | | | | 16,840 | | | | 25,555 | |
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The FS Management Agreement entered into on behalf of the Financial Square Funds (the “FS Management Agreement”) was most recently approved by the Trustees, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees, on June 16, 2005. The FS Management Agreement will remain in effect until June 30, 2006 and will continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the particular Financial Square Fund (as defined in the Act) and, in either case, by a majority of non-interested Trustees.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 the amounts of the management fee incurred by each Financial Square Fund were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial Square Fund | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 49,543,102 | | | $ | 42,458,258 | | | $ | 45,412,691 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 23,806,613 | | | | 16,731,781 | | | | 18,430,819 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 9,739,389 | | | | 7,585,354 | | | | 8,682,385 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 4,093,714 | | | | 2,539,143 | | | | 2,151,327 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 8,154,728 | | | | 6,735,032 | | | | 7,373,443 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 15,884,318 | | | | 14,104,338 | | | | 15,887,781 | |
FS Tax-Free Fund | | | 16,559,562 | | | | 13,681,593 | | | | 11,204,155 | |
During the periods presented, Goldman Sachs Asset Management agreed voluntarily that it would not impose a portion of its management fee. Had such fees been imposed, the following additional fees (including both advisory and administration fees) would have been incurred by these Series for the periods indicated:
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Financial Square Fund | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 10,311,842 | | | $ | 8,741,406 | | | $ | 9,349,672 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 4,901,900 | | | | 3,444,779 | | | | 3,794,580 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 1,342,617 | | | | 598,844 | | | | 685,451 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 836,636 | | | | 200,459 | | | | 169,842 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 1,967,880 | | | | 1,386,624 | | | | 1,518,062 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 1,934,788 | | | | 1,113,500 | | | | 1,254,298 | |
FS Tax-Free Fund | | | 3,591,675 | | | | 2,816,799 | | | | 2,306,738 | |
In addition, Goldman Sachs Asset Management assumed certain expenses related to the operations of each Financial Square Fund during various periods of 2005, 2004 and 2003 to the extent such expenses would have caused each Fund’s total expenses to exceed, on an annualized basis, certain contractual or voluntary expense limitations. Had these expenses not been assumed, the Series would have incurred the following additional expenses:
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Financial Square Fund | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 246,831 | | | | 307,313 | | | | 270,698 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 364,811 | | | | 355,693 | | | | 377,368 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 270,785 | | | | 244,813 | | | | 260,018 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 153,339 | | | | 83,139 | | | | 0 | |
FS Tax-Free Fund | | | 104,360 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
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The Financial Square Funds have entered into certain expense offset arrangements with the custodian resulting in a reduction in the Funds’ expenses. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 each Fund’s custody fees were reduced by the following amounts under such arrangement:
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Financial Square Fund | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 1,245 | | | $ | 553 | | | $ | 505 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 1,302 | | | | 510 | | | | 475 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 1,235 | | | | 520 | | | | 539 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 12,421 | | | | 626 | | | | 1,681 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 1,278 | | | | 527 | | | | 6,135 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 7,192 | | | | 507 | | | | 848 | |
FS Tax-Free Fund | | | 48,613 | | | | 238,359 | | | | 345,067 | |
The ILA Management and FS Management Agreements provide that GSAM shall not be liable to an ILA Portfolio or Financial Square Fund for any error of judgment by GSAM or for any loss sustained by the ILA Portfolio or Financial Square Fund except in the case of GSAM’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of duty. The ILA Management and FS Management Agreements also provide that they shall terminate automatically if assigned and that they may be terminated with respect to any particular ILA Portfolio or Financial Square Fund without penalty by vote of a majority of the Trustees or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of that ILA Portfolio or Financial Square Fund on 60 days’ written notice to GSAM or by GSAM without penalty at any time on 90 days’ (60 days with respect to the Financial Square Funds) written notice to the Trust.
In managing the Goldman Sachs Money Market Funds, GSAM will draw upon the Goldman Sachs Credit Department. The Credit Department provides credit risk management for our portfolios through a team of professionals who contribute a combination of industry analysis, fund-specific expertise and global capacity (through their local presence in foreign markets). The Credit Department continuously monitors all issuers approved for investment by the money market funds by monitoring news stories, business developments, financial information and ratings, as well as occasional discussion with issuer management and rating agency analysts. The Credit Department receives rating agency reports and rating change information electronically and via fax as well as reports from Goldman’s Research Department. Specifically with respect to managing the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Money Market Fund, GSAM will draw upon the extensive research generated by Goldman Sachs’ Municipal Credit Group. The Credit Group’s research team continually reviews current information regarding the issuers of municipal and other tax-exempt securities, with particular focus on long-term creditworthiness, short-term liquidity, debt service costs, liability structures, and administrative and economic characteristics.
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The Distributor and Transfer Agent
Goldman Sachs, 85 Broad Street, New York, NY 10004, serves as the exclusive distributor of each Series’ shares pursuant to a “best efforts” arrangement as provided by a distribution agreement with the Trust on behalf of each Portfolio. Shares of the Series are offered and sold on a continuous basis by Goldman Sachs, acting as agent. The Distribution Agreement between Goldman Sachs and the Trust was most recently approved by the Trustees on June 16, 2005. Goldman Sachs retained approximately $0 and $100, $58 and $25, and $0 and $0 of commissions on redemptions of ILA Class B and ILA Class C Unit shares of the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio during 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. Goldman Sachs, 71 South Wacker Drive, Suite 500, Chicago, Illinois also serves as the Series’ transfer agent. Goldman Sachs provides customary transfer agency services to the Series, including the handling of shareholder communications, the processing of shareholder transactions, the maintenance of shareholder account records, payment of dividends and distributions and related functions. For these services, Goldman Sachs receives .04% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets with respect to each class of each ILA Portfolio. Effective July 1, 2005, Goldman Sachs began to receive a transfer agent fee of 0.015% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets with respect to each class of each FS Fund.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 the ILA Portfolios incurred transfer agency fees as follows:
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ILA Portfolio | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Prime Obligations Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 61,957 | | | $ | 68,998 | | | $ | 187,228 | |
Administration Shares | | | 33,204 | | | | 28,526 | | | | 28,901 | |
Service Shares | | | 94,046 | | | | 66,131 | | | | 77,399 | |
Class B Shares | | | 6,339 | | | | 6,357 | | | | 14,141 | |
Class C Shares | | | 8,043 | | | | 9,021 | | | | 7,481 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 1,485 | | | | 2,367 | | | | 5,102 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money Market Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 216,465 | | | $ | 202,635 | | | $ | 262,888 | |
Administration Shares | | | 351,653 | | | | 291,121 | | | | 208.682 | |
Service Shares | | | 103,056 | | | | 110,415 | | | | 120,038 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 56,539 | | | | 73,200 | | | | 117,040 | |
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Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 58,014 | | | $ | 62,599 | | | $ | 72,481 | |
Administration Shares | | | 5,233 | | | | 6,206 | | | | 6,950 | |
Service Shares | | | 281,880 | | | | 243,434 | | | | 568,519 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 10,944 | | | | 5,957 | | | | 18,728 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 13,813 | | | $ | 17,081 | | | $ | 28,363 | |
Administration Shares | | | 12,988 | | | | 12,603 | | | | 12,159 | |
Service Shares | | | 184,852 | | | | 194,636 | | | | 156,347 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 9,008 | | | | 7,057 | | | | 8,432 | |
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Government Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 13,182 | | | $ | 24,826 | | | $ | 34,551 | |
Administration Shares | | | 5,346 | | | | 5,408 | | | | 5,064 | |
Service Shares | | | 21,461 | | | | 21,449 | | | | 27,633 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Portfolio | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Cash Management Shares | | | 2,905 | | | | 2,353 | | | | 4,670 | |
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Federal Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 332,558 | | | $ | 429,169 | | | $ | 584,927 | |
Administration Shares | | | 552,158 | | | | 490,681 | | | | 363,638 | |
Service Shares | | | 86,196 | | | | 100,603 | | | | 108,383 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 55,645 | | | | 121,384 | | | | 272,891 | |
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Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 259,669 | | | $ | 306,935 | | | $ | 344,372 | |
Administration Shares | | | 550,712 | | | | 456,137 | | | | 252,698 | |
Service Shares | | | 8,122 | | | | 5,184 | | | | 7,127 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 62,459 | | | | 83,640 | | | | 132,385 | |
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Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 80,465 | | | $ | 85,546 | | | $ | 128,466 | |
Administration Shares | | | 124,213 | | | | 88,861 | | | | 81,388 | |
Service Shares | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 16 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 7,624 | | | | 11,613 | | | | 29,432 | |
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Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Shares | | $ | 41,746 | | | $ | 39,735 | | | $ | 44,566 | |
Administration Shares | | | 78,981 | | | | 59,853 | | | | 39,732 | |
Service Shares | | | 612 | | | | 45 | | | | 51 | |
Cash Management Shares | | | 29,624 | | | | 27,651 | | | | 30,568 | |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the FS Funds incurred transfer agency fees as follows:
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Financial Square Fund | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Prime Obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional Shares | | $ | 1,366,536 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
Administration Shares | | | 249,077 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Service Shares | | | 95,718 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Preferred Shares | | | 110,163 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Select Shares | | | 6,490 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Capital Shares | | | 24,038 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money Market | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional Shares | | $ | 749,158 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
Administration Shares | | | 49,139 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Service Shares | | | 23,926 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Preferred Shares | | | 6,638 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Select Shares | | | 5,125 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Capital Shares | | | 2,070 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Treasury Obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional Shares | | $ | 138,110 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
Administration Shares | | | 138,183 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Service Shares | | | 58,013 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Preferred Shares | | | 47,478 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Select Shares | | | 30 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Capital Shares | | | 103 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Treasury Instruments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional Shares | | $ | 95,279 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
Administration Shares | | | 40,730 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Service Shares | | | 12,852 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Preferred Shares | | | 10,017 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Select Shares | | | 5 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Capital Shares | | | 981 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional Shares | | $ | 158,529 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
Administration Shares | | | 76,697 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Service Shares | | | 22,309 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Preferred Shares | | | 29,587 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Select Shares | | | 6,692 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Capital Shares | | | 9,733 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional Shares | | $ | 512,076 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
Administration Shares | | | 47,380 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Service Shares | | | 42,272 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Preferred Shares | | | 9,977 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Select Shares | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Capital Shares | | | 284 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax-Free Money Market | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional Shares | | $ | 531,047 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial Square Fund | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
Administration Shares | | | 27,570 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Service Shares | | | 12,148 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Preferred Shares | | | 18,528 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Select Shares | | | 8,149 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Capital Shares | | | 14,017 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Goldman Sachs is one of the largest international investment banking firms in the United States. Founded in 1869, Goldman Sachs is a major investment banking and brokerage firm providing a broad range of financing and investment services both in the United States and abroad. As of December 31, 2005, GSAM, along with other units of IMD, had assets under management of approximately $526.4 billion.
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Summary
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a worldwide, full-service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization, and a major participant in global financial markets. As such, it acts as an investor, investment banker, research provider, investment manager, investment adviser, financer, advisor, market maker, proprietary trader, prime broker, lender and agent, and has other direct and indirect interests in the global fixed income, currency, commodity, equity and other markets in which the Funds invest. As a result, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the asset management division of Goldman Sachs, the Investment Adviser, and their affiliates, directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees (collectively for purposes of this “Potential Conflicts of Interest” section, “Goldman Sachs”), including those who may be involved in the management, sales, investment activities, business operations or distribution of the Funds, are engaged in businesses and have interests other than that of managing the Funds. The Funds will not be entitled to compensation related to such businesses. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities, instruments and companies that may be directly or indirectly purchased or sold by the Funds and their service providers. Such additional businesses and interests may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. The following is a brief summary description of certain of these potential conflicts of interest:
• | | While the Investment Adviser will make decisions for the Funds in accordance with its obligations to manage the Funds appropriately, the fees, allocations, compensation and other benefits to Goldman Sachs (including benefits relating to business relationships of Goldman Sachs) arising from those decisions may be greater as a result of certain portfolio, investment, service provider or other decisions made by the Investment Adviser than they would have been had other decisions been made which also might have been appropriate for the Funds. |
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• | | Goldman Sachs, its sales personnel and other financial service providers may have conflicts associated with their promotion of the Funds or other dealings with the Funds that would create incentives for them to promote the Funds. |
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• | | While the allocation of investment opportunities among Goldman Sachs, the Funds and other funds and accounts managed by Goldman Sachs may raise potential conflicts because of financial or |
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| | other interests of Goldman Sachs or its personnel, the Investment Adviser will not make allocation decisions solely based on such factors. |
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• | | The Investment Adviser will give advice to and make investment decisions for the Funds as it believes is in the fiduciary interests of the Funds. Advice given to the Funds or investment decisions made for the Funds may differ from, and may conflict with, advice given or investment decisions made for Goldman Sachs or other funds or accounts. Actions taken with respect to Goldman Sachs or other funds or accounts may adversely impact the Funds, and actions taken by the Funds may benefit Goldman Sachs or other funds or accounts. |
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• | | Goldman Sachs’ personnel may have varying levels of economic and other interests in accounts or products promoted or managed by such personnel as compared to other accounts or products promoted or managed by them. |
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• | | Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation to provide to the Funds, or effect transactions on behalf of the Funds in accordance with, any market or other information, analysis, technical models or research in its possession. |
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• | | To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Funds may enter into transactions in which Goldman Sachs acts as principal, or in which Goldman Sachs acts on behalf of the Funds and the other parties to such transactions. Goldman Sachs will have potentially conflicting interests in connection with such transactions. |
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• | | Goldman Sachs may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or otherwise for the Funds and will retain all commissions, fees and other compensation in connection therewith. |
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• | | Securities traded for the Funds may, but are not required to, be aggregated with trades for other funds or accounts managed by Goldman Sachs. When transactions are aggregated but it is not possible to receive the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. |
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• | | Products and services received by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates from brokers in connection with brokerage services provided to the Funds and other funds or accounts managed by Goldman Sachs may disproportionately benefit other of such funds and accounts based on the relative amounts of brokerage services provided to the Funds and such other funds and accounts. |
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• | | While the Investment Adviser will make proxy voting decisions as it believes appropriate and in accordance with the Investment Adviser’s policies designed to help avoid conflicts of interest, proxy voting decisions made by the Investment Adviser with respect to a Fund’s portfolio securities may favor the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of Goldman Sachs. |
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• | | Regulatory restrictions (including relating to the aggregation of positions among different funds and accounts) and internal Goldman Sachs policies may restrict investment activities of the Funds. Information held by Goldman Sachs could have the effect of restricting investment activities of the Funds. |
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Prospective investors should carefully review the following section of this document which more fully describes these and other potential conflicts of interest presented by Goldman Sachs’ other businesses and interests.
As a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act, the Investment Adviser is required to file a Form ADV with the SEC. Form ADV contains information about assets under management, types of fee arrangements, types of investments, potential conflicts of interest, and other relevant information regarding the Investment Adviser. A copy of Part 1 of the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV is available on the SEC’s website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov).
Potential Conflicts Relating to Portfolio Decisions, the Sale of Fund Shares and the Allocation of Investment Opportunities
Goldman Sachs’ Other Activities May Have an Impact on the Funds
The Investment Adviser makes decisions for the Funds in accordance with its obligations as the Investment Adviser of the Funds. However, Goldman Sachs’ other activities may have a negative effect on the Funds. As a result of the various activities and interests of Goldman Sachs as described in the first paragraph under “Summary” above, it is likely that the Funds will have multiple business relationships with and will invest in, engage in transactions with, make voting decisions with respect to, or obtain services from entities for which Goldman Sachs performs or seeks to perform investment banking or other services. It is also likely that the Funds will undertake transactions in securities in which Goldman Sachs makes a market or otherwise has other direct or indirect interests. In addition, while the Investment Adviser will make decisions for the Funds in accordance with its obligations to manage the Funds appropriately, the fees, allocations, compensation and other benefits (including benefits relating to business relationships of Goldman Sachs) arising from those decisions may be greater as a result of certain portfolio, investment, service provider or other decisions made by the Investment Adviser for the Funds than they would have been had other decisions been made which also might have been appropriate for the Funds.
Goldman Sachs’ Financial and Other Interests and Relationships May Incentivize Goldman Sachs to Promote the Sale of Fund Shares
Goldman Sachs, its personnel and other financial service providers, have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to both Goldman Sachs and its personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of other products that might be provided or offered. Goldman Sachs and its sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their shareholders. Goldman Sachs and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to Goldman Sachs and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
Conflicts may arise in relation to sales-related incentives. Goldman Sachs and its personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with the Funds than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact
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that Goldman Sachs may pay a portion of its advisory fee to the unaffiliated investment adviser, or to other compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of Goldman Sachs and its personnel to recommend the Funds over other accounts or products managed by unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in the Funds as compared to other accounts or products.
Goldman Sachs may also have relationships with, and purchase, or distribute or sell, services or products from or to, distributors, consultants and others who recommend the Funds, or who engage in transactions with or for the Funds. For example, Goldman Sachs regularly participates in industry and consultant sponsored conferences and may purchase educational, data related or other services from consultants or other third parties that it deems to be of value to its personnel and its business. The products and services purchased from consultants may include, but are not limited to, those that help Goldman Sachs understand the consultant’s points of view on the investment management process. Consultants and other parties that provide consulting or other services to potential investors in the Funds may receive fees from Goldman Sachs or the Funds in connection with the distribution of shares in the Funds or other Goldman Sachs products. For example, Goldman Sachs may enter into revenue or fee sharing arrangements with consultants, service providers, and other intermediaries relating to investments in mutual funds, collective trusts, or other products or services offered or managed by the Investment Adviser. Goldman Sachs may also pay a fee for membership in industry-wide or state and municipal organizations or otherwise help sponsor conferences and educational forums for investment industry participants including, but not limited to, trustees, fiduciaries, consultants, administrators, state and municipal personnel and other clients. Goldman Sachs’ membership in such organizations allows Goldman Sachs to participate in these conferences and educational forums and helps Goldman Sachs interact with conference participants and to develop an understanding of the points of view and challenges of the conference participants. In addition, Goldman Sachs’ personnel, including employees of Goldman Sachs, may have board, advisory, brokerage or other relationships with issuers, distributors, consultants and others that may have investments in the Funds or that may recommend investments in the Funds. In addition, Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, may make charitable contributions to institutions, including those that have relationships with clients or personnel of clients. Goldman Sachs’ personnel may also make political contributions. As a result of the relationships and arrangements described in this paragraph, consultants, distributors and other parties may have conflicts associated with their promotion of the Funds or other dealings with the Funds that create incentives for them to promote the Funds or certain portfolio transactions. Goldman Sachs may also pay a fee for membership in industry-wide or state and municipal organizations or otherwise help sponsor conferences and educational forums for investment industry participants including, but not limited to, trustees, fiduciaries, consultants, administrators, state and municipal personnel and other clients. Goldman Sachs’ membership in such organizations allows Goldman Sachs to participate in these conferences and educational forums and helps Goldman Sachs interact with conference participants and develop an understanding of the points of view and challenges of the conference participants. In addition, Goldman Sachs personnel, including employees of the Investment Adviser, may have board, advisory, brokerage or other relationships with issuers, distributors, consultants and others that may have investments in the Funds or that may recommend investments in the Funds or distribute the Funds. In addition, Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, may make charitable contributions to institutions, including those that have relationships with clients or personnel of clients. Personnel of Goldman Sachs may also make political contributions. As a result of the relationships and arrangements described in this paragraph, consultants, distributors and other parties
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may have conflicts associated with their promotion of the Funds or other dealings with the Funds that would create incentives for them to promote the Funds or certain portfolio transactions.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs may make payments to authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) from time to time to promote the Funds, Client/GS Accounts (defined below) and other products. In addition to placement fees, sales loads or similar distribution charges, such payments may be made out of Goldman Sachs’ assets, or amounts payable to Goldman Sachs rather than a separately identified charge to the Funds, Client/GS Accounts or other products. Such payments may compensate Intermediaries for, among other things: marketing the Funds, Client/GS Accounts and other products; access to the Intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel; marketing support; and/or other specified services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Funds, Client/GS Accounts and other products. The payments may also, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote certain products, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or promotions. The additional payments by Goldman Sachs may also compensate Intermediaries for subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the fees paid for these services by such products.
The payments made by Goldman Sachs may be different for different Intermediaries. The presence of these payments and the basis on which an Intermediary compensates its registered representatives or salespersons may create an incentive for a particular Intermediary, registered representative or salesperson to highlight, feature or recommend certain products based, at least in part, on the level of compensation paid.
Potential Conflicts Relating to the Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among the Funds and Other Goldman Sachs Accounts
Goldman Sachs has potential conflicts in connection with the allocation of investments or transaction decisions for the Funds, including in situations in which Goldman Sachs or its personnel (including personnel of the Investment Adviser) have interests. For example, the Funds may be competing for investment opportunities with current or future accounts or funds managed or advised by Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser). These accounts or funds may provide greater fees or other compensation (including performance based fees) to Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or in which Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or its personnel have an interest (collectively, the “Client/GS Accounts”).
Goldman Sachs may manage or advise Client/GS Accounts that have investment objectives that are similar to those of the Funds and/or may seek to make investments in securities or other instruments in which the Funds may invest. This will create potential conflicts and potential differences among the Funds and other Client/GS Accounts, particularly where there is limited availability or limited liquidity for those investments. Such limited availability situations may exist, without limitation, in local and emerging markets, regulated industries, research and development trades, relative value or paired trades, IPO/new issues and limited issues. The Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures that provide that it will allocate investment opportunities and make purchase and sale decisions among the Funds and other Client/GS Accounts in a manner that it considers, in its sole discretion and consistent with its fiduciary obligation to each Client/GS Account, to be reasonable.
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The Investment Adviser will make allocations for the Funds and other Client/GS Accounts with reference to numerous factors that may include, without limitation, (i) account investment horizons, investment objectives and guidelines; (ii) different levels of investment for different strategies; (iii) client-specific investment guidelines and restrictions; (iv) fully directed brokerage accounts; (v) tax sensitivity of accounts; (vi) suitability requirements; (vii) account turnover guidelines; (viii) availability of cash for investment; (ix) relative sizes and expected future sizes of applicable accounts; and/or (x) availability of other investment opportunities. Suitability considerations can include without limitation (i) relative attractiveness of a security to different accounts; (ii) concentration of positions in an account; (iii) appropriateness of a security for the benchmark of an account; (iv) an account’s risk tolerance, risk parameters and strategy allocations; (v) use of the opportunity as a replacement for a security the Investment Adviser believes to be attractive for an account but that for some reason cannot be held in the account; (vi) the need to hedge a short position in a pair trade; and/or (vii) the need to give a subset of accounts exposure to an industry. In addition to allocations of limited availability investments, the Investment Adviser may, from time to time, develop and implement new investment opportunities and/or trading strategies, and these strategies may not be allocated among all accounts (including the Fund) or pro rata, even if the strategy is consistent with objectives of all accounts. The Investment Adviser may make decisions based on such factors as strategic fit and other portfolio management considerations, including, without limitation, an account’s capacity for such strategy, the liquidity of the strategy and its underlying instruments, the account’s liquidity, the business risk of the strategy relative to the account’s overall portfolio make-up, and the lack of efficacy of, or return expectations from, the strategy for the account, and such other factors as the Investment Adviser deems relevant in its sole discretion. For example, such a determination may, but will not necessarily, include consideration of the fact that a particular strategy will not have a meaningful impact on an account given the overall size of the account, the limited availability of opportunities in the strategy and the availability of other strategies for the account. As a result, such a strategy may be allocated to some accounts managed by the Investment Adviser and not to others.
Although allocating orders among the Funds and other Client/GS Accounts may create potential conflicts of interest because of the interests of Goldman Sachs or its personnel or because Goldman Sachs may receive greater fees or compensation from one of the Client/GS Account’s allocations, the Investment Adviser will not make allocation decisions based on such interests or greater fees or compensation.
Allocation decisions among accounts may be more or less advantageous to any one account or group of accounts. As a result of the above, the Investment Adviser may determine that investment opportunities, strategies or particular purchases or sales are appropriate for one or more Client/GS Accounts or for itself or an affiliate, but not for the Funds, or are appropriate for, or available to, the Funds but in different sizes, terms or timing than is appropriate for other Client/GS Accounts, or may determine not to allocate to or purchase or sell for Client/GS Accounts all investment transactions for which Client/GS Accounts may be eligible. Therefore, the amount, timing, structuring or terms of an investment by the Funds may differ from, and performance may be lower than, investments and performance of other Client/GS Accounts.
The Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates manage accounts of clients of Goldman Sachs’ Private Wealth Management (“PWM”) business. Such PWM clients receive advice from Goldman Sachs by means of separate accounts (“PWM Separate Accounts”). With respect to the Funds, the Investment Adviser may follow a strategy that is expected to be similar over time to that delivered by the PWM Separate Accounts. Each of the Funds and the PWM Separate Account Clients are subject to independent management and, given the independence in the implementation of advice to these
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accounts, there can be no warranty that such investment advice will be implemented simultaneously. Neither the Investment Adviser (in the case of the Funds) nor its affiliates (in the case of PWM Separate Accounts), will know when advice issued has been executed (if at all) and, if so, to what extent. While each will use reasonable endeavors to procure timely execution, it is possible that prior execution for or on behalf of the PWM Separate Accounts could adversely affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies and instruments in which the Funds invest.
Other Potential Conflicts Relating to the Management of the Funds by the Investment Adviser
Potential Restrictions and Issues Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs
From time to time and subject to the Investment Adviser’s policies and procedures regarding information barriers, the Investment Adviser may consult with personnel in other areas of Goldman Sachs, or with persons unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs, or may form investment policy committees comprised of such personnel. The performance by such persons of obligations related to their consultation with personnel of the Investment Adviser could conflict with their areas of primary responsibility within Goldman Sachs or elsewhere. In connection with their activities with the Investment Adviser, such persons may receive information regarding the Investment Adviser’s proposed investment activities of the Funds that is not generally available to the public. There will be no obligation on the part of such persons to make available for use by the Funds any information or strategies known to them or developed in connection with their own client, proprietary or other activities. In addition, Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation to make available any research or analysis prior to its public dissemination.
The Investment Adviser makes decisions for the Funds based on the Funds’ investment programs. The Investment Adviser from time to time may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by Goldman Sachs and its personnel. Goldman Sachs will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of the Funds in accordance with such analysis and models.
In addition, Goldman Sachs has no obligation to seek information or to make available to or share with the Funds any information, investment strategies, opportunities or ideas known to Goldman Sachs personnel or developed or used in connection with other clients or activities. Goldman Sachs and certain of its personnel, including the Investment Adviser’s personnel or other Goldman Sachs personnel advising or otherwise providing services to the Funds, may be in possession of information not available to all Goldman Sachs personnel, and such personnel may act on the basis of such information in ways that have adverse effects on the Funds.
From time to time, Goldman Sachs may come into possession of material, non-public information or other information that could limit the ability of the Funds to buy and sell investments. The investment flexibility of the Funds may be constrained as a consequence. The Investment Adviser generally is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information in effecting purchases and sales in public securities transactions for the Funds.
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Potential Conflicts Relating to Goldman Sachs’ and the Investment Adviser’s Proprietary Activities and Activities On Behalf of Other Accounts
The results of the investment activities of the Funds may differ significantly from the results achieved by Goldman Sachs for its proprietary accounts and from the results achieved by Goldman Sachs for other Client/GS Accounts. The Investment Adviser will manage the Funds and the other Client/GS Accounts it manages in accordance with its respective investment objectives and guidelines. However, Goldman Sachs may give advice, and take action, with respect to any current or future Client/GS Accounts that may compete or conflict with the advice the Investment Adviser may give to the Funds, or may involve a different timing or nature of action than with respect to the Funds.
Transactions undertaken by Goldman Sachs or Client/GS Accounts may adversely impact the Funds. Goldman Sachs and one or more Client/GS Accounts may buy or sell positions while the Funds are undertaking the same or a differing, including potentially opposite, strategy, which could disadvantage the Funds. For example, a Fund may buy a security and Goldman Sachs or Client/GS Accounts may establish a short position in that same security. The subsequent short sale may result in impairment of the price of the security which the Fund holds. Conversely, the Fund may establish a short position in a security and Goldman Sachs or other Client/GS Accounts may buy that same security. The subsequent purchase may result in an increase of the price of the underlying position in the short sale exposure of the Fund and such increase in price would be to the Fund’s detriment.
In addition, transactions in investments by one or more Client/GS Accounts and Goldman Sachs may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, in small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when portfolio decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support portfolio decisions for other Client/GS Accounts. When Goldman Sachs or a Client/GS Account implements a portfolio decision or strategy ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar portfolio decisions or strategies for the Funds (whether or not the portfolio decisions emanate from the same research analysis or other information), market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such portfolio decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. Goldman Sachs may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences to Client/GS Accounts, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other Client/GS Accounts. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) Goldman Sachs or other Client/GS Accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) Goldman Sachs or other Client/GS Accounts.
The directors, officers and employees of Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts (including through investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser). As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers and employees that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Funds. To reduce the possibility that the Funds will be materially adversely affected by the personal trading
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described above, each of the Funds and Goldman Sachs, as each Fund’s Investment Adviser and distributor, has established policies and procedures that restrict securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund’s portfolio transactions. Each of the Funds and Goldman Sachs, as each Fund’s Investment Adviser and distributor, has adopted a code of ethics (collectively, the “Codes of Ethics”) in compliance with Section 17(j) of the Act and monitoring procedures relating to certain personal securities transactions by personnel of the Investment Adviser which the Investment Adviser deems to involve potential conflicts involving such personnel, Client/GS Accounts managed by the Investment Adviser and the Funds. The Codes of Ethics require that personnel of the Investment Adviser comply with all applicable federal securities laws and with the fiduciary duties and anti-fraud rules to which the Investment Adviser is subject. The Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-942-8090. The Codes of Ethics are also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies may also be obtained after paying a duplicating fee by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102, or by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov.
Clients of Goldman Sachs (including Client/GS Accounts) may have, as a result of receiving client reports or otherwise, access to information regarding the Investment Adviser’s transactions or views which may affect such clients’ transactions outside of accounts controlled by personnel of the Investment Adviser, and such transactions may negatively impact the performance of the Funds. The Funds may also be adversely affected by cash flows and market movements arising from purchase and sales transactions, as well as increases of capital in, and withdrawals of capital from, other Client/GS Accounts. These effects can be more pronounced in thinly traded and less liquid markets.
The Investment Adviser’s management of the Funds may benefit Goldman Sachs. For example, the Funds may, subject to applicable law, invest directly or indirectly in the securities of companies affiliated with Goldman Sachs or which Goldman Sachs has an equity, debt or other interest. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Funds may engage in investment transactions which may result in other Client/GS Accounts being relieved of obligations or otherwise divesting of investments or cause the Funds to have to divest certain investments. The purchase, holding and sale of investments by the Funds may enhance the profitability of Goldman Sachs’ or other Client/GS Accounts’ own investments in and its activities with respect to such companies.
Goldman Sachs and Client/GS Accounts may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of the Fund’s investments may be negatively impacted by Goldman Sachs’ and other Client/GS Accounts’ activities, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
Goldman Sachs may create, write, sell or issue, or act as placement agent or distributor of, derivative instruments with respect to the Funds or with respect to underlying securities, currencies or instruments of the Funds, or which may be otherwise based on the performance of the Funds. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs (including its personnel or Client/GS Accounts) may invest in the Funds, may hedge its derivative positions by buying or selling shares of the Funds, and reserves the right to redeem some or all of its investments at any time. These investments and redemptions may be significant and may be made without notice to the shareholders. The structure or other characteristics of the derivative instruments may have an adverse effect on the
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Funds. For example, the derivative instruments could represent leveraged investments in the Funds, and the leveraged characteristics of such investments could make it more likely, due to events of default or otherwise, that there would be significant redemptions of interests from the Funds more quickly than might otherwise be the case. Goldman Sachs, acting in commercial capacities in connection with such derivative instruments, may in fact cause such a redemption. This may have an adverse effect on the investment management and positions, flexibility and diversification strategies of the Funds and on the amount of fees, expenses and other costs incurred directly or indirectly for the account of the Funds.
Potential Conflicts in Connection with Investments in Goldman Sachs Money Market Funds
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short term cash investments in any money market fund advised or managed by Goldman Sachs. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the Act, will pay its share of all expenses (other than advisory and administrative fees) of a money market fund in which it invests which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
Goldman Sachs May In-Source or Outsource
Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, may from time to time and without notice to investors in-source or outsource certain processes or functions in connection with a variety of services that it provides to the Funds in its administrative or other capacities. Such in-sourcing or outsourcing may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Potential Conflicts That May Arise When Goldman Sachs Acts in a Capacity Other Than Investment Adviser to the Funds
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Funds may enter into transactions and invest in futures, securities, currencies, swaps, options, forward contracts or other instruments in which Goldman Sachs acting as principal or on a proprietary basis for its customers, serves as the counterparty. The Funds may also enter into cross transactions in which Goldman Sachs acts on behalf of the Fund and for the other party to the transaction. Goldman Sachs may have a potentially conflicting division of responsibilities to both parties to a cross transaction. For example, Goldman Sachs may represent both a Fund and another Client/GS Account in connection with the purchase of a security by the Fund, and Goldman Sachs may receive compensation or other payments from either or both parties, which could influence the decision of Goldman Sachs to cause the Fund to purchase such security. The Funds may engage in principal or cross transactions to the extent permitted by applicable law.
Goldman Sachs may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or advisor or in other commercial capacities for the Funds. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by Goldman Sachs will be in its view commercially reasonable, although Goldman Sachs, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to Goldman Sachs and such sales personnel. The Funds may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, borrow funds from Goldman Sachs at rates and on other terms arranged with Goldman Sachs.
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Goldman Sachs may be entitled to compensation when it acts in capacities other than as the Investment Adviser, and the Funds will not be entitled to any such compensation. For example, Goldman Sachs (and its personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that it receives in connection with its service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, advisor or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by Goldman Sachs of any such fees or other amounts.
When Goldman Sachs acts as broker, dealer, agent, lender or advisor or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, Goldman Sachs may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. For example, in connection with lending arrangements involving the Funds, Goldman Sachs may require repayment of all or part of a loan at any time or from time to time.
The Funds will be required to establish business relationships with their counterparties based on their own credit standing. Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, will not have any obligation to allow its credit to be used in connection with the Funds’ establishment of their business relationships, nor is it expected that the Funds’ counterparties will rely on the credit of Goldman Sachs in evaluating the Funds’ creditworthiness.
Potential Conflicts in Connection with Brokerage Transactions and Proxy Voting
Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other Client/GS Accounts. The Investment Adviser and its affiliates, however, are not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if they determine that bunching or aggregating is not practicable, required or with cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
The Investment Adviser may select brokers (including, without limitation, affiliates of the Investment Adviser) that furnish the Investment Adviser, the Funds, other Client/GS Accounts or their affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in the Investment Adviser’s views, appropriate assistance to the Investment Adviser in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; quotation equipment and services; and research-oriented computer hardware, software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other Client/GS Accounts, including in connection with Client/GS Accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other Client/GS Accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other
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Client/GS Accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client’s commissions may not be used in managing that client’s account. In addition, other Client/GS Accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other Client/GS Accounts. To the extent that the Investment Adviser uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself. The Investment Adviser may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that the Investment Adviser receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by the Investment Adviser.
The Investment Adviser may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services the Investment Adviser believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. The Investment Adviser may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees.
The Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with the Investment Adviser’s fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of the Investment Adviser may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of Goldman Sachs and/or its affiliates provided that the Investment Adviser believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the section of this Additional Statement entitled “Proxy Voting.”
Potential Regulatory Restrictions on Investment Adviser Activity
From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to Goldman Sachs and/or its internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by Goldman Sachs would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when the Investment Adviser may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit its advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which Goldman Sachs is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when Goldman Sachs is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if Goldman Sachs personnel serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. The larger the Investment Adviser’s investment advisory business and Goldman Sachs’ businesses, the larger the potential that these restricted list policies will impact investment transactions. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by Goldman Sachs, or in cases in which Goldman Sachs personnel are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of Goldman Sachs for its proprietary accounts and for Client/GS Accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in regulated
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industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause Goldman Sachs, the Funds or other Client/GS Accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions. If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of the Investment Adviser on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, the Investment Adviser on behalf of clients (including the Funds) may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when the Investment Adviser, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
GSAM places the portfolio transactions of the Series and of all other accounts managed by GSAM for execution with many firms. GSAM uses its best efforts to obtain execution of portfolio transactions at prices which are advantageous to each Series and at reasonably competitive spreads or (when a disclosed commission is being charged) at reasonably competitive commission rates. In seeking such execution, GSAM will use its best judgment in evaluating the terms of a transaction, and will give consideration to various relevant factors, including without limitation the size and type of the transaction, the nature and character of the market for the security, the confidentiality, speed and certainty of effective execution required for the transaction, the general execution and operational capabilities of the broker-dealer, the general execution and operational capabilities of the firm, the reputation, reliability, experience and financial condition of the firm, the value and quality of the services rendered by the firm in this and other transactions, and the reasonableness of the spread or commission, if any. Securities purchased and sold by the Series are generally traded in the over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through broker-dealers and banks acting for their own account rather than as brokers, or otherwise involve transactions directly with the issuer of such securities.
Goldman Sachs is active as an investor, dealer and/or underwriter in many types of municipal and money market instruments. Its activities in this regard could have some effect on the markets for those instruments which the Series buy, hold or sell. Orders have been granted by the SEC under the Act which permit the Series to deal with Goldman Sachs in transactions in certain securities in which Goldman Sachs acts as principal. As a result, the Series may trade with Goldman Sachs as principal subject to the terms and conditions of such exemptions.
Under the Act, the Series are prohibited from purchasing any instrument of which Goldman Sachs is a principal underwriter during the existence of an underwriting or selling syndicate relating to such instrument, absent an exemptive order (the order referred to in the preceding paragraph will not apply to such purchases) or the adoption of and compliance with certain procedures under the Act.
The Trust has adopted procedures which establish, among other things, certain limitations on the amount of debt securities that may be purchased in any single offering and on the amount of the Trust’s assets that may be invested in any single offering. Accordingly, in view of Goldman Sachs’ active role in the underwriting of debt securities, a Series’ ability to purchase debt securities in the primary market may from time to time be limited.
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In certain instances there may be securities which are suitable for more than one Series as well as for one or more of the other clients of GSAM. Investment decisions for each Series and for GSAM’s other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same Investment Adviser, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. It is recognized that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security in a particular transaction as far as a Series is concerned. Each Series believes that over time its ability to participate in volume transactions will produce better executions for the Series.
As of December 31, 2005, the following ILA Portfolio held the following amounts of securities of its regular broker/dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the Act, or their parents ($ in thousands): ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio: Morgan Stanley ($10,000), Bank of America ($2,981), Citigroup ($29,930); ILA Money Market Portfolio: Citigroup Inc. ($59,959), Bank of America Corp. ($25,000), Barclays PLC ($59,992), Deutsche Bank AG ($10,000); ILA Government Portfolio: Deutsche Bank AG ($6,500), UBS AG ($4,500); ILA Treasy Obligations Portfolio: Morgan Stanley ($35,000).
As of December 31, 2005, the following Financial Square Funds held the following amounts of securities of its regular broker/dealers as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the Act, or their parents ($ in thousands): FS Prime Obligations Fund: Citigroup Inc. ($2,241,537), Bank of America Corp. ($674,494), Morgan Stanley ($620,000), Goldman, Sachs & Co. ($300,000); FS Money Market Fund: Morgan Stanley ($25,000), Deutsche Bank AG ($65,000), Citigroup Inc. ($404,888), Bank of America Corp. ($405,676), Barclays PLC ($249,992), Goldman Sachs & Co. ($200,000); FS Treasury Obligations Fund: UBS AG ($200,000); FS Government Fund: Deutsche Bank AG ($374,500), UBS AG ($211,500).
NET ASSET VALUE
In accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees, the net asset value per share of each Series (except for FS Prime Obligations Fund, FS Money Market Fund, FS Treasury Obligations Fund, and FS Government Fund) is determined by the Series’ custodian on each Business Day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally, but not always, 4:00 p.m. New York time) or such later time as the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ market may officially close. In the case of the FS Money Market Fund, FS Prime Obligations Fund, FS Government Fund and FS Treasury Obligations Fund, net asset value is determined normally, but not always, at 5:00 p.m. New York time on each Business Day. A Business Day means any day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open, except for days on which Chicago, Boston or New York banks are closed for local holidays. Such holidays include: New Year’s Day (observed), Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday (observed), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange is stopped at a time other than 4:00 p.m. New York Time. The Trust reserves the right to
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advance the time by which purchase and redemption orders must be received for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC.
Each Series’ securities are valued using the amortized cost method of valuation in an effort to maintain a constant net asset value of $1.00 per share, which the Board of Trustees has determined to be in the best interest of each Series and its shareholders. This method involves valuing a security at cost on the date of acquisition and thereafter assuming a constant accretion of a discount or amortization of a premium to maturity, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the instrument. While this method provides certainty in valuation, it may result in periods during which value, as determined by amortized cost, is higher or lower than the price a Series would receive if it sold the instrument. During such periods, the yield to an investor in a Series may differ somewhat from that obtained in a similar investment company which uses available market quotations to value all of its portfolio securities. During periods of declining interest rates, the quoted yield on shares of a Series may tend to be higher than a like computation made by a fund with identical investments utilizing a method of valuation based upon market prices and estimates of market prices for all of its portfolio instruments. Thus, if the use of amortized cost by a Series resulted in a lower aggregate portfolio value on a particular day, a prospective investor in the Series would be able to obtain a somewhat higher yield if he or she purchased shares of the Series on that day, than would result from investment in a fund utilizing solely market values, and existing investors in the Series would receive less investment income. The converse would apply in a period of rising interest rates.
The Trustees have established procedures designed to stabilize, to the extent reasonably possible, each Series’ price per share as computed for the purpose of sales and redemptions at $1.00. Such procedures include review of each Series by the Trustees, at such intervals as they deem appropriate, to determine whether the Series’ net asset value calculated by using available market quotations (or an appropriate substitute which reflects market conditions) deviates from $1.00 per share based on amortized cost, as well as review of methods used to calculate the deviation. If such deviation exceeds 1/2 of 1%, the Trustees will promptly consider what action, if any, will be initiated. In the event the Trustees determine that a deviation exists which may result in material dilution or other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders, they will take such corrective action as they regard to be necessary and appropriate, including the sale of portfolio instruments prior to maturity to realize capital gains or losses or to shorten average portfolio maturity; withholding part or all of dividends or payment of distributions from capital or capital gains; redeeming shares in kind; or establishing a net asset value per share by using available market quotations or equivalents. In addition, in order to stabilize the net asset value per share at $1.00, the Trustees have the authority (i) to reduce or increase the number of shares outstanding on a pro rata basis, and (ii) to offset each shareholder’s pro rata portion of the deviation between the net asset value per share and $1.00 from the shareholder’s accrued dividend account or from future dividends. Each Series may hold cash for the purpose of stabilizing its net asset value per share. Holdings of cash, on which no return is earned, would tend to lower the yield on such Series’ shares.
In order to continue to use the amortized cost method of valuation for each Series’ investments, the Series must comply with Rule 2a-7. See “Investment Restrictions.”
The proceeds received by each Series for each issue or sale of its shares, and all net investment income, realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to such Series and constitute the underlying assets of that Series. The underlying assets of each Series will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect to such Series and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses
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with respect to the Series are to be allocated in proportion to the net asset values of the respective Series except where allocations of direct expenses can otherwise be fairly made. In addition, within each Series, ILA Shares, ILA Administration Shares, ILA Service Shares, ILA Class B and Class C Shares, ILA Cash Management Shares, FST Shares, FST Administration Shares, FST Service Shares, FST Preferred Shares, FST Capital Shares and FST Select Shares (if any) will be subject to different expense structures (see “Organization and Capitalization”).
The Trust has adopted a policy to handle certain NAV related errors occurring in the operation of the Funds, and under certain circumstances neither the Funds nor shareholders who purchase or sell shares during periods that errors accrue or occur may be recompensed in connection with the resolution of the error.
REDEMPTIONS
The Trust may suspend the right of redemption of shares of a Series and may postpone payment for any period: (i) during which the New York Stock Exchange is closed for regular trading other than customary weekend and holiday closings or during which trading on the New York Stock Exchange is restricted; (ii) when an emergency exists which makes the disposal of securities owned by a Series or the determination of the fair value of the Series’ net assets not reasonably practicable; or (iii) as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of the shareholders of the Trust.
The Trust agrees to redeem shares of each Series solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of the Series during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. The Trust reserves the right to pay other redemptions, either total or partial, by a distribution in kind of securities (instead of cash) from the applicable Series’ portfolio. The securities distributed in such a distribution would be valued at the same value as that assigned to them in calculating the net asset value of the shares being redeemed. If a shareholder receives a distribution in kind, he or she should expect to incur transaction costs when he or she converts the securities to cash.
A FST shareholder of any Financial Square Fund with balances in excess of $100 million may elect to have a special account with State Street Bank and Trust Company for the purpose of redeeming shares from its account in that Series by check. When State Street Bank and Trust Company receives a completed signature card and authorization form, the shareholder will be provided with a supply of checks. Checks drawn on this account may be payable to the order of any person in any amount of $500 or more, but cannot be certified. The payee of the check may cash or deposit it like any other check drawn on a bank. When such a check is presented to State Street Bank and Trust Company for payment, a sufficient number of full and fractional shares will be redeemed to cover the amount of the check. Cancelled checks will be returned to the shareholder by State Street Bank and Trust Company. The Trust and Goldman Sachs each reserves the right to waive the minimum requirement.
The check redemption privilege enables a shareholder to receive the dividends declared on the shares to be redeemed until such time as the check is processed. Because of this feature, the check redemption privilege may not be used for a complete liquidation of an account. If the amount of a check is greater than the value of shares held in the shareholder’s account, the check will be returned unpaid, and the shareholder may be subject to extra charges.
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Goldman Sachs reserves the right to impose conditions on, limit the availability of or terminate the check redemption privilege at any time with respect to a particular shareholder or shareholders in general. The Trust and State Street Bank and Trust Company reserve the right at any time to suspend the check redemption privilege and intend to do so in the event that federal legislation or regulations impose reserve requirements or other restrictions deemed by the Trustees to be adverse to the interests of the Series.
CALCULATION OF YIELD QUOTATIONS
From time to time, each Series may advertise its yield, effective yield, tax-equivalent yield, tax-equivalent effective yield and total return. Yield, effective yield, tax-equivalent yield, tax-equivalent effective yield and total return are calculated separately for each class of shares of a Series. Each type of share is subject to different fees and expenses and may have differing yields for the same period.
Each Series’ yield quotations are calculated by a standard method prescribed by the rules of the SEC. Under this method, the yield quotation is based on a hypothetical account having a balance of exactly one share at the beginning of a seven-day period.
The yield of a Series refers to the income generated by an investment in that Series over a seven-day period (which period will be stated in the advertisement). This income is then annualized; that is, the amount of income generated by the investment during that week is assumed to be generated each week over a 52 week period and is shown as a percentage of the investment. The yield quotation is computed as follows: the net change, exclusive of capital changes and income other than investment income (i.e., realized gains and losses from the sale of securities and unrealized appreciation and depreciation), in the value of a hypothetical pre-existing account having a balance of one share at the beginning of the base period is determined by dividing the net change in account value by the value of the account at the beginning of the base period. This base period return is then multiplied by 365/7 with the resulting yield figure carried to the nearest 100th of 1%. Such yield quotation shall take into account all fees that are charged to a Series.
Each Series also may advertise a quotation of effective yield for a 7-calendar day period. Effective yield is computed by compounding the unannualized base period return determined as in the preceding paragraph by adding 1 to that return, raising the sum to the 365/7 power and subtracting one from the result, according to the following formula:
Effective Yield = [(base period return + 1)365/7] – 1
The effective yield will be slightly higher than the yield because of the compounding effect of reinvestment.
The ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio, ILA Federal Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, FS Treasury Instruments Fund, FS Federal Fund, and FS Tax-Free Fund may also advertise a tax-equivalent yield and tax-equivalent effective yield. Tax-equivalent yield is computed by dividing that portion of a Series’ yield (as computed above) which is tax-exempt by one minus a stated income tax rate and adding the quotient to that portion, if any, of the yield of the Series that is not tax-exempt. Tax-equivalent effective yield is computed by dividing that portion of a Series’ effective yield (as
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computed above) which is tax-exempt by one minus a stated income tax rate and adding the quotient to that portion, if any, of the effective yield of the Series that is not tax-exempt.
Total return is determined by computing the percentage change in value of $1,000 invested at the maximum public offering price for a specified period, assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value. The total return calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment at the end of the relevant period. Each Series may furnish total return calculations based on cumulative, average, year-by-year or other basis for various specified periods by means of quotations, charts, graphs or schedules.
Unlike bank deposits or other investments which pay a fixed yield or return for a stated period of time, the investment results for a Series are based on historical performance and will fluctuate from time to time. Any presentation of a Series’ yield, effective yield, tax-equivalent yield, tax-equivalent effective yield or total return for any prior period should not be considered a representation of what an investment may earn or what a Series’ yield, effective yield, tax-equivalent yield, tax-equivalent effective yield or total return may be in any future period. Return is a function of portfolio quality, composition, maturity and market conditions as well as of the expenses allocated to each Series. The return of a Series may not be comparable to other investment alternatives because of differences in the foregoing variables and differences in the methods used to value portfolio securities, compute expenses and calculate return.
Each class of shares of an ILA Portfolio or a Financial Square Fund should have yields similar to the yields of the other classes of shares of the particular ILA Portfolio or Financial Square Fund because each such class of shares will be invested in the same portfolio of securities. Yields will differ only to the extent that classes do not have the same expenses. Accordingly, you should be aware that ILA Shares and FST Shares have no plan fees; ILA Administration Shares and FST Administration Shares have a .15% and .25% administration fee, respectively; ILA Service Shares have a .25% service fee and a .15% shareholder administration fee; FST Service Shares have a .25% service fee and a .25% shareholder administration fee; ILA Class B and Class C Shares have a .75% distribution fee and a maximum .25% service fee with respect to ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio; ILA Cash Management Shares have a maximum .50% service fee and a maximum .50% distribution fee; FST Preferred Shares have a .10% preferred administration fee; FST Select Shares have a service fee of .03%; and FST Capital Shares have an .15% capital administration fee.
TAX INFORMATION
The following is only a summary of certain additional U.S. federal income, and certain state and local, tax considerations affecting the Series and the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares in each Series. This summary does not address special tax rules applicable to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, insurance companies and financial institutions. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in each Series in light of their particular tax situations. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this Additional Statement, which are subject to change.
Series Taxation
Each Series is treated as a separate entity for tax purposes. Each Series has elected to be treated and intends to qualify for each taxable year as a regulated investment company under
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Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. If for any taxable year a Series does not qualify as a regulated investment company, it will be taxed on all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain at corporate rates, without any deduction for dividends paid, its net tax-exempt interest (if any) may be subject to the alternative minimum tax, and its distributions to shareholders will be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits.
There are certain tax requirements that each Series must satisfy if it is to avoid federal taxation. In their efforts to adhere to these requirements, the Series may have to limit their investment activities in some types of instruments. Qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code requires, among other things, that a Series (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks or securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, and forward contracts) derived with respect to the Series’ business of investing in stocks, securities or currencies (the “90% gross income test”); and (ii) diversify its holdings so that in general, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the fair market value of the Series’ total (gross) assets is comprised of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of such Series’ total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total (gross) assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), two or more issuers controlled by the Series and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or certain publicly traded partnerships. For purposes of these requirements, participation interests will be treated as securities, and the issuer will be identified on the basis of market risk and credit risk associated with any particular interest. Certain payments received with respect to such interests, such as commitment fees and certain facility fees, may not be treated as income qualifying under the 90% test.
If a Series complies with the foregoing provisions, then in any taxable year in which the Series distributes, in compliance with the Code’s timing and other requirements, at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (which includes dividends, taxable interest, taxable accrued original issue discount and market discount income, income from securities lending, any net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, certain net realized foreign exchange gains and any other taxable income other than “net capital gain,” as defined below, and is reduced by deductible expenses), and at least 90% of the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest income (if any) over certain disallowed deductions, the Series (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on any income of the Series, including long-term capital gains, distributed to shareholders. If, instead, a Series retains any investment company taxable income or “net capital gain” (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. Each Series intends to distribute for each taxable year to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income, net capital gain and any net tax-exempt interest.
In order to avoid a 4% federal excise tax, each Series must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year at least 98% of its taxable ordinary income for such year, at least 98% of the excess of its capital gains over its capital losses (generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year), and all taxable ordinary income and the excess of capital gains over capital losses for all previous years that were not distributed for those years and on which the Series paid no federal income tax. Each Series anticipates that it will generally make timely distributions of income and capital gains in compliance with these requirements so that it will generally not be required to pay the excise tax.
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For federal income tax purposes, each Series is permitted to carryforward a net capital loss in any year to offset its own capital gains, if any, during the eight years following the loss. At December 31, 2005, the following Series had approximately the following amounts of capital loss carryforwards:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ILA |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tax- |
| | | | | | | | | | ILA | | ILA | | | | | | ILA Tax- | | ILA Tax- | | Exempt |
| | ILA Prime | | ILA | | Treasury | | Treasury | | ILA | | Exempt | | Exempt | | New |
Year | | Obligations | | Government | | Obligations | | Instrument | | Federal | | Diversified | | California | | York |
2007 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 5,000 | | | | | |
2008 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 4,400 | | | | | |
2011 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 14,300 | | | | | |
2012 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 5,100 | | | $ | 11,800 | | | $ | 600 | |
2013 | | $ | 7,600 | | | $ | 2,400 | | | $ | 163,300 | | | $ | 1,800 | | | $ | 64,800 | | | | — | | | $ | 2,000 | | | $ | 600 | |
Total | | $ | 7,600 | | | $ | 2,400 | | | $ | 163,000 | | | $ | 1,800 | | | $ | 64,800 | | | $ | 5,100 | | | $ | 37,500 | | | $ | 1,200 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Financial | | Financial | | | | | | | | | | Financial |
| | Financial | | Square | | Square | | Financial | | Financial | | Square Tax- |
| | Square Prime | | Money | | Treasury | | Square | | Square | | Free Money |
Year | | Obligations | | Market | | Obligations | | Government | | Federal | | Market |
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 7,028 | |
2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 637 | |
2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,452 | |
2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 3,295 | |
2011 | | $ | 5,692 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 189,335 | |
2012 | | $ | 544 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 86,852 | |
2013 | | $ | 752,193 | | | $ | 24,827 | | | $ | 1,240,534 | | | $ | 471,042 | | | $ | 114,695 | | | $ | 42,075 | |
Total | | $ | 758,429 | | | $ | 24,827 | | | $ | 1,240,534 | | | $ | 471,042 | | | $ | 114,695 | | | $ | 331,674 | |
Taxable U.S. Shareholders – Distributions
Dividends paid by a Series from taxable net investment income (including income attributable to accrued market discount and a portion of the discount on certain stripped tax-exempt obligations and their coupons) and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss will be treated as ordinary income in the hands of shareholders. Dividends paid by a Series from the excess of net long-term capital gain (if any) over net short-term capital loss are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of the length of time the shares of a Series have been held by such shareholders. Such distributions will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Distributions paid by the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified, ILA Tax-Exempt California, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolios or FS Tax-Free Fund from tax-exempt interest received by them and properly designated as “exempt-interest dividends” will generally be exempt from regular federal income tax, provided that at least 50% of the value of the applicable Series’ total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year consists of tax-exempt obligations, i.e., obligations described in Section 103(a) of the Code (not including shares of other regulated investment companies that may pay exempt-interest dividends, because such shares are not treated as tax-exempt obligations for this purpose). Dividends paid by the other Series from any tax-exempt interest they may receive will not be tax-exempt, because they will not satisfy the 50% requirement described in the preceding sentence. Tax-exempt distributions attributable to interest on certain “private activity bonds,” if any, received by a Series may constitute tax preference items and may give rise to, or increase liability under, the
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alternative minimum tax for particular shareholders. In addition, all tax-exempt distributions of the Series may be considered in computing the “adjusted current earnings” preference item of their corporate shareholders in determining the corporate alternative minimum tax, and will be taken into account in determining the extent to which a shareholder’s social security or certain railroad retirement benefits are taxable. To the extent that the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund invest in certain short-term instruments, including repurchase agreements, the interest on which is not exempt from federal income tax, or earn other taxable income, any distributions of income from such investments or other taxable income will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. All or substantially all of any interest on indebtedness incurred directly or indirectly to purchase or carry shares of these Series will generally not be deductible. The availability of tax-exempt obligations and the value of the Series may be affected by restrictive tax legislation enacted in recent years.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains will be taxable as described above, whether received in shares or in cash. Shareholders electing to receive distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis in each share so received equal to the amount of cash they would have received had they elected to receive cash.
Certain Series may be subject to foreign taxes on their income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) from securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. Each Series generally will be able to deduct any such foreign taxes in computing its taxable income.
Taxable U.S. Shareholders – Sale of Shares
Redemptions (including exchanges) and other dispositions of shares in transactions that are treated as sales for tax purposes will generally not result in taxable gain or loss, provided that the Series successfully maintains a constant net asset value per share, but a loss may be recognized to the extent a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) is imposed on the redemption or exchange of ILA Service, Class B or Class C Shares. All or a portion of such a loss may be disallowed under applicable Code provisions in certain circumstances. For example, any loss realized by a shareholder of the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio, and FS Tax-Free Fund upon the sale of shares held for six months or less may be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends received with respect to such shares. Moreover, any loss realized upon the redemption of shares within six months from the date of purchase of such shares and following receipt of a long-term capital gains distribution will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of such long-term capital gains distribution. Finally, any loss realized upon the redemption of shares within thirty days before or after the acquisition of other shares of the same Portfolio may be disallowed under the “wash sale” rules. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers with reference to their circumstances to determine whether a redemption, exchange, or other disposition of Series’ shares is properly treated as a sale for tax purposes.
All distributions (including exempt-interest dividends), whether received in shares or cash, must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file a federal income tax return. The Series will inform shareholders of the federal income tax status of their distributions after the end of each calendar year, including, in the case of the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio, ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and FS Tax-Free Fund, the amounts that qualify as exempt-interest dividends and any portions of such amounts that constitute tax preference items under the federal alternative minimum tax. Shareholders who receive exempt-interest dividends
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and have not held their shares of the applicable Series for its entire taxable year may have designated as tax-exempt or as a tax preference item a percentage of their distributions which is not exactly equal to a proportionate share of the amount of tax-exempt interest or tax preference income earned during the period of their investment in such Series. Each shareholder should consult his or her own tax adviser to determine the tax consequences of an investment in a Series in the shareholder’s own state and locality.
Shares of a Series that pays primarily exempt-interest dividends would not be suitable for tax-exempt institutions, retirement plans qualified under Section 401 of the Code, and individual retirement accounts or other tax-qualified plans because such institutions, plans and accounts are generally tax-exempt and, therefore, not only would the shareholder not gain any additional benefit from the Series’ dividends being tax-exempt, but such dividends would be ultimately taxable to the beneficiaries when distributed. In addition, a Series that pays primarily exempt-interest dividends may not be an appropriate investment for entities which are “substantial users” of facilities financed by “private activity bonds” or “related persons” thereof. “Substantial user” is defined under U.S. Treasury Regulations to include a non-exempt person who (1) regularly uses a part of such facilities in his or her trade or business and whose gross revenues derived with respect to the facilities financed by the issuance of bonds are more than 5% of the total revenues derived by all users of such facilities, (2) occupies more than 5% of the usable area of such facilities, or (3) are persons for whom such facilities or a part thereof were specifically constructed, reconstructed or acquired. “Related persons” include certain related natural persons, affiliated corporations, a partnership and its partners and an S corporation and its shareholders.
Backup Withholding
Each Series may be required to withhold, as “backup withholding,” federal income tax at a 28% rate from dividends (including capital gain dividends) and share redemption and exchange proceeds to individuals and other non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the Series with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) certified under penalties of perjury, or if the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a broker notifies the Series that the payee is subject to backup withholding as a result of failing properly to report interest or dividend income to the IRS or that the TIN furnished by the payee to the Series is incorrect, or if (when required to do so) the payee fails to certify under penalties of perjury that it is not subject to backup withholding. A Series may refuse to accept an application that does not contain any required TIN or certification that the TIN provided is correct. If the backup withholding provisions are applicable, any such dividends and proceeds, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. Any amounts withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. If a shareholder does not have a TIN, it should apply for one immediately by contacting the local office of the Social Security Administration or the IRS. Backup withholding could apply to payments relating to a shareholder’s account while the shareholder is awaiting receipt of a TIN. Special rules apply for certain entities. For example, for an account established under a Uniform Gifts or Transfer to Minors Act, the TIN of the minor should be furnished. In addition, non-US shareholders will be required to provide the Series with the proper IRS Form W-8 or appropriate substitute (as discussed below) in order to avail themselves of this withholding tax exemption.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
The discussion above relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law as it applies to “U.S. persons” subject to tax under such law.
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For distributions attributable to a Series’ taxable year beginning before January 1, 2005 or after December 31, 2007, shareholders who, as to the United States, are not “U.S. persons,” (i.e., are nonresident aliens, foreign corporations, fiduciaries of foreign trusts or estates, foreign partnerships or other non-U.S. investors) generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% on distributions treated as ordinary income unless the tax is reduced or eliminated pursuant to a tax treaty or the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder. Distributions of net capital gain, if any, including amounts retained by a Series which are designated as undistributed capital gains, to such a non-U.S. shareholder will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the distributions are effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the United States or, in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met.
Under recent changes to the Code, for distributions attributable to a Series’ taxable year beginning after December 31, 2004 and before January 1, 2008, non-U.S. shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions attributable to “portfolio interest” or short-term capital gains unless (1) the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder, or (2) with respect to short-term capital gains, the shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. Distributions that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of a shareholder will be subject to tax on a net income basis at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. individuals or domestic corporations. Distributions by each Series that are attributable to short-term capital gains, if any, during the above periods will also generally be free of U.S. withholding tax; by contrast, there will be tax withheld with respect to distributions attributable to interest income of the Series, so that non-U.S. shareholders who are exempt from U.S. federal income tax with respect to all or a portion of those interest-related dividends will need to file U.S. federal income tax returns to claim refunds of those withholding taxes.
Any capital gain realized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares of a Series will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the gain is effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the U.S., or in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met.
Non-U.S. persons who fail to furnish a Series with the proper IRS Form W-8 (i.e., W-8BEN, W-8ECI, W-8IMY or W-8EXP), or an acceptable substitute, may be subject to backup withholding at a 28% rate on dividends (including capital gain dividends) and on the proceeds of redemptions and exchanges.
Non-U.S. shareholders of a Series may be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their Series shares. Each shareholder who is not a U.S. person should consult his or her tax adviser regarding the U.S. and non-U.S. tax consequences of ownership of shares of, and receipt of distributions from, the Series.
State and Local
A Series may be subject to state or local taxes in jurisdictions in which it is deemed to be doing business. In addition, in those states or localities that impose income taxes, the treatment of a Series and its shareholders under those jurisdictions’ tax laws may differ from their treatment under federal income tax laws, and an investment in the Series may have tax consequences for shareholders that are different from those of a direct investment in the Series’ securities. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers concerning these matters. For example, it may be appropriate for shareholders to
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review with their tax advisers the state income and, if applicable, intangible property tax consequences of investments by the Series in securities issued by the particular state or the U.S. government or its various agencies or instrumentalities, because many states (i) exempt from personal income tax distributions made by regulated investment companies from interest on obligations of the particular state or on direct U.S. government obligations and/or (ii) exempt from intangible property tax the value of the shares of such companies attributable to such obligations, subject to certain state-specific requirements and/or limitations. See also the discussion below of these applicable provisions in California and New York.
California State Taxation. The following discussion of California tax law assumes that the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio will be qualified as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code and will be qualified thereunder to pay exempt-interest dividends. The ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio intends to qualify for each taxable year under California law to pay “exempt-interest dividends” which will be exempt from the California personal income tax.
Individual shareholders of the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio who reside in California will not be subject to California personal income tax on distributions received from the Portfolio to the extent such distributions are exempt-interest dividends attributable to interest on obligations the interest on which is exempt from California personal income tax provided that the Portfolio satisfies the requirement of California law that at least 50% of its assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year be invested in such obligations and properly designates such exempt-interest dividends under California law.
Distributions from the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio which are attributable to sources other than those described in the preceding sentence will generally be taxable to such shareholders as ordinary income. Moreover, California legislation which incorporates Subchapter M of the Code provides that capital gain dividends may be treated as long-term capital gains. Such gains are currently subject to personal income tax at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions other than exempt-interest dividends are includible in income subject to the California alternative minimum tax.
Distributions from investment income and long-term and short-term capital gains will generally not be excluded from taxable income in determining California corporate franchise taxes for corporate shareholders and will be treated as ordinary dividend income for such purposes. In addition, such distributions may be includible in income subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued by shareholders to purchase or carry shares of the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio will not be deductible for California personal income tax purposes.
New York City and State Taxation. Individual shareholders who are residents of New York State will be able to exclude for New York State personal income tax purposes the portion of any ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio dividend that is properly designated as an exempt-interest dividend and that is derived from interest on obligations of New York State and its political subdivisions and obligations of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam. Exempt-interest dividends may be properly designated as such only if, as anticipated, at least 50% of the value of the assets of the Portfolio are invested at the close of each quarter of its taxable year in obligations of issuers the interest on which is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes. Individual shareholders who are residents of New York City will also be able to exclude such income for New York City personal income tax purposes. Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued by a
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shareholder to purchase or carry shares of the ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio is not deductible for New York State or New York City personal income tax purposes. Distributions from the ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio that are attributable to sources other than those described in this paragraph will generally be taxable to such shareholders as ordinary income.
Long-term capital gains, if any, that are distributed by the ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio and are properly designated as capital gain dividends will be treated as capital gains for New York State and New York City personal income tax purposes in the hands of New York State and New York City residents.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this Additional Statement in light of their particular tax situations.
This discussion of the tax treatment of the Portfolio and its shareholders is based on the tax laws in effect as of the date of this Additional Statement.
ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION
Each Series is a series of Goldman Sachs Trust, a Delaware statutory trust, established by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated January 28, 1997. The Series were each previously a series of Goldman Sachs Money Market Trust, a Massachusetts business trust, and were reorganized into the Trust as of April 30, 1997.
The Trustees have authority under the Trust’s Declaration of Trust to create and classify shares of beneficial interest in separate series, without further action by shareholders. The Trustees also have authority to classify and reclassify any series of shares into one or more classes of shares. The Act requires that where more than one class or series of shares exists each class or series must be preferred over all other classes or series in respect of assets specifically allocated to such class or series. As of the date of this Additional Statement, the Trustees have authorized the issuance of up to four classes of shares of each of the ILA Portfolios: ILA Shares, ILA Administration Shares, ILA Service Shares and ILA Cash Management Shares. In addition, the Trustees have authorized a fifth and sixth class of shares, ILA Class B Shares and ILA Class C Shares, with respect to the Prime Obligations Portfolio. As of the date of this Additional Statement, the Trustees have authorized the issuance of up to six classes of shares of each of the Financial Square Funds: FST Shares, FST Service Shares, FST Administration Shares, FST Preferred Shares, FST Select Shares and FST Capital Shares. Additional series and classes may be added in the future.
Each ILA Share, ILA Administration Share, ILA Service Share, ILA Class B Share, ILA Class C Share, ILA Cash Management Share, FST Share, FST Service Share, FST Administration Share, FST Preferred Share, FST Select Share and FST Capital Share of a Series represents an equal proportionate interest in the assets belonging to that class. It is contemplated that most shares (other than ILA Class B or Class C Shares) will be held in accounts of which the record owner is a bank or other institution acting, directly or through an agent, as nominee for its customers who are the beneficial owners of the shares or another organization designated by such bank or institution. ILA Class B and Class C Shares generally are only issued upon exchange from Class B or Class C Shares, respectively, of other Series of the Goldman Sachs mutual funds. ILA Shares and FST Shares may be purchased for accounts held in the name of an investor or institution that is not compensated by the Trust for services provided to the institution’s investors.
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ILA Administration Shares and FST Administration Shares may be purchased for accounts held in the name of an investor or an institution that provides certain shareholder administration services as described below to its customers who beneficially own ILA Administration Shares or FST Administration Shares.
ILA Administration Shares of each ILA Portfolio bear the cost of administration fees at the annual rate of up to .15 of 1% of the average daily net assets of such Shares. FST Administration Shares of a Financial Square Fund bear the cost of administration fees at the annual rate of up to .25 of 1% of the average daily net assets of such shares.
ILA Service Shares and FST Service Shares may be purchased for accounts held in the name of an institution that provides certain shareholder administration and personal and account maintenance services to its customers who beneficially own ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares. ILA Service shares bear the cost of service fees and shareholder administration fees at the annual rate of up to .25% and .15%, respectively, of the average daily net assets attributable to ILA Service Shares. FST Service Shares of a Financial Square Fund bear the cost of service fees and shareholder administration fees at the annual rate of up to .25% and .25%, respectively, of the average daily net assets of such shares.
FST Preferred Shares may be purchased for accounts held in the name of an institution that provides certain shareholder administration services to its customers who beneficially own FST Preferred Shares. FST Preferred Shares of a Financial Square Fund bear the cost of preferred administration fees at an annual rate of up to .10 of 1% of the average daily net assets of such shares of the particular Fund involved.
FST Select Shares may be purchased for accounts held in the name of an institution that provides certain shareholder administration services to its customers who beneficially own FST Select Shares. FST Select Shares of a Financial Square Fund bear the cost of select service fees at an annual rate of up to .03 of 1% of the average daily net assets of such shares.
FST Capital Shares may be purchased for accounts held in the name of an institution that provides certain shareholder administration services to its customers who beneficially own FST Capital Shares. FST Capital Shares of a Financial Square Fund bear the cost of capital administration fees at an annual rate of up to .15 of 1% of the average daily net assets of such shares.
ILA Class B Shares of the Prime Obligations Portfolio are sold subject to a CDSC up to 5.0%, and ILA Class C Shares are sold subject to a CDSC of 1.0% if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. ILA Class B and Class C Shares are sold primarily through brokers and dealers who are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers Inc. and certain other financial services firms that have sales arrangements with Goldman Sachs. ILA Class B and Class C Shares bear the cost of distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees at the aggregate rate of up to .75 of 1% of the average daily net assets attributable to ILA Class B and Class C Shares, respectively. ILA Class B and Class C Shares also bear the cost of service fees at an annual rate of up to .25 of 1% of the average daily net assets of the Prime Obligations Portfolio attributable to ILA Class B and Class C Shares.
ILA Cash Management Shares may be purchased for accounts held in the name of an institution that provides certain account administration and personal and account maintenance services to its customers who beneficially own ILA Cash Management Shares. ILA Cash Management Shares bear the cost of account service fees at an annual rate of up to .50% of the average daily net assets of
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the Series attributable to such shares. ILA Cash Management Shares also bear the cost of distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees at a maximum annual rate of .50 of 1% of the average daily net assets attributable to ILA Cash Management Shares.
In addition, each class of ILA and FST Shares bears its own transfer agency expenses.
It is possible that an institution or its affiliates may offer different classes of shares to its customers and thus receive different compensation with respect to different classes of shares of the same Series. In the event a Series is distributed by salespersons or any other persons, they may receive different compensation with respect to different classes of shares of the Series. ILA Administration Shares, ILA Service Shares, ILA Class B Shares, ILA Class C Shares, ILA Cash Management Shares, FST Service Shares, FST Administration Shares, FST Preferred Shares, FST Select Shares and FST Capital Shares each have certain exclusive voting rights on matters relating to their respective plans. Shares of each class may be exchanged for shares of the same class of another Goldman Sachs Fund. Except as described above, the classes of shares are identical. Certain aspects of the shares may be altered, after advance notice to shareholders, if it is deemed necessary in order to satisfy certain tax regulatory requirements.
Rule 18f-2 under the Act provides that any matter required to be submitted by the provisions of the Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each class or series affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that a series shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless the interests of each series in the matter are substantially identical or the matter does not affect any interest of such series. However, Rule 18f-2 exempts the selection of independent public accountants, the approval of principal distribution contracts and the election of trustees from the separate voting requirements of Rule 18f-2.
When issued for the consideration described in the Series’ Prospectus, shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Trustees may, however, cause shareholders, or shareholders of a particular series or class, to pay certain custodian, transfer, servicing or similar agent charges by setting off the same against declared but unpaid dividends or by reducing share ownership (or by both means). In the event of liquidation, shareholders of each class are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the applicable Series available for distribution to the shareholders of such class. All shares are freely transferable and have no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. The Trustees may require shareholders to redeem shares for any reason under terms set by the Trustees.
In the interest of economy and convenience, the Trust does not issue certificates representing interests in the Series’ or shares. Instead, the transfer agent maintains a record of each shareholder’s ownership. Each shareholder receives confirmation of purchase and redemption orders from the transfer agent. Shares representing interests in a particular Series and any dividends and distributions paid by a Series are reflected in account statements from the transfer agent.
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders and does not intend to hold such meetings. In the event that a meeting of shareholders is held, each share of the Trust will be entitled, as determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of shareholders, either to one vote for each share or to one vote for each dollar of net asset value represented by such shares on all matters presented to shareholders including the election of Trustees (this method of voting being referred to as “dollar based voting”). However, to the extent required by the Act or otherwise determined by the
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Trustees, series and classes of the Trust will vote separately from each other. Shareholders of the Trust do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees. Meetings of shareholders of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, may be called by the Trustees, certain officers or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the shares entitled to vote at such meetings. The Trustees will call a special meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees if, at any time, less than a majority of Trustees holding office at the time were elected by shareholders. The shareholders of the Trust will have voting rights only with respect to the limited number of matters specified in the Declaration of Trust and such other matters as the Trustees may determine or may be required by law.
The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification of Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust unless the recipient is adjudicated (i) to be liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office or (ii) not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such person’s actions were in the best interest of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides that, if any shareholder or former shareholder of any series is held personally liable solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of the shareholder’s acts or omissions or for some other reason, the shareholder or former shareholder (or the shareholder’s heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives or general successors) shall be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. The Trust acting on behalf of any affected series, must, upon request by such shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against such shareholder for any act or obligation of the series and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of the series.
The Declaration of Trust permits the termination of the Trust or of any series or class of the Trust (i) by a majority of the affected shareholders at a meeting of shareholders of the Trust, series or class; or (ii) by a majority of the Trustees without shareholder approval if the Trustees determine, in their sole discretion, that such action is in the best interest of the Trust, such Series, such class or their shareholders. The Trustees may consider such factors as they in their sole discretion deem appropriate in making such determination, including (i) the inability of the Trust or any respective series or class to maintain its assets at an appropriate size; (ii) changes in laws or regulations governing the Trust, or any series or class thereof, or affecting assets of the type in which it invests; or (iii) economic developments or trends having a significant adverse impact on their business or operations.
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the Trustees, without shareholder approval to cause the Trust, or any series thereof, to merge or consolidate with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or sell or exchange all or substantially all of the property belonging to the Trust or any series thereof. In addition, the Trustees, without shareholder approval, may adopt a “master-feeder” structure by investing all or a portion of the assets of a series of the Trust in the securities of another open-end investment company with substantially the same investment objective, restrictions and policies.
The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to amend the Declaration of Trust without a shareholder vote. However, shareholders of the Trust have the right to vote on any amendment (i) that would adversely affect the voting rights of shareholders; (ii) that is required by law to be approved by shareholders; (iii) that would amend the provisions of the Declaration of Trust regarding amendments and supplements thereto; or (iv) that the Trustees determine to submit to shareholders.
The Trustees may appoint separate Trustees with respect to one or more series or classes of the Trust’s shares (the “Series Trustees”). Series Trustees may, but are not required to, serve as Trustees of the Trust or any other series or class of the Trust. To the extent provided by the Trustees in the
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appointment of the Series Trustees, the Series Trustees may have, to the exclusion of any other Trustees of the Trust, all the powers and authorities of Trustees under the Declaration of Trust with respect to such series or class, but may have no power or authority with respect to any other series or class.
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio: Service Shares, Goldman Sachs & Co., Attn. IMD Controllers, 701 Mount Lucas Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540-1911 (20.04%); Service Shares, Pershing LLC, House Trading Account, 1 Pershing Plaza, Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 (14.62%); Administration Shares, First National Bank of Santa Fe, Attn: Trust Department, P.O. Box 609, Santa Fe, NM, 87504-0609 (6.44%); ILA Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (5.25%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Money Market Portfolio: Administration Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (58.11%); ILA Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (11.36%); ILA Shares, National Financial Services, FBO Our Customers, 200 Liberty St., Mutual Funds, Fl. 5, New York, NY 10281-1003 (5.28%); Cash Management Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (8.39%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio: Service Shares, Hare & Co., c/o The Bank of New York, STIF Department 2nd Floor, 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy, East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 (71.11%); Cash Management Shares, LaSalle Bank, NA, Chicago Deferred Exchange, P.O. Box 1443, Chicago, IL 60690-1443 (21.62%).
As of March 31, 2006, no entity owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of the ILA Treasure Instruments Portfolio.
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Government Portfolio: Service Shares, The Oakmark Funds, Anne Regan, C/O Harris Associates, 2 N. LaSalle St., Chicago, IL 60602-3702 (58.36%); ILA Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (10.44%); Administration Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (10.42%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Federal Portfolio: Administration Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (70.19%); ILA Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (18.46%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio: Administration Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (75.03%); ILA Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (13.72%); Cash Management Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (6.79%).
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As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio: Administration Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (66.41%); ILA Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (16.54%); ILA Shares, National Financial Services, FBO Our Customers, 200 Liberty St., Mutual Funds, Fl. 5, New York, NY 10281-1003 (5.16%); Cash Management Shares, %).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio: Administrative Class Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (40.73%); Cash Management Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (17.66%); ILA Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (11.71%); Service Shares, Hare & Co., c/o The Bank of New York, STIF Department 2nd Floor, 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy, East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 (79.95%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund: FST Shares, William Street Funding Corp, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, 32 Old Slip, New York, NY 10005-3500 (14.84%); FST Shares, Hare & Co., c/o The Bank of New York, STIF Department 2nd Floor, 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy, East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 (6.01%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Financial Square Money Market Fund: FST Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (22.71%); Institutional Class Shares, William Street Funding Corp, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, 32 Old Slip, New York, NY 10005-3500 (13.55%); Shares, Goldman Sachs & Co, Cust. Foreign Futures & Foreign Opt, SEC Amts AC, 30 Hudson St., Jersey City, NJ 07302-4600 (12.22%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Financial Square Treasury Obligations Fund: Administration Shares, Hare & Co., c/o The Bank of New York, STIF Department 2nd Floor, 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy, East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 (16.44%); Preferred Shares, Mori & Co., Attn. Trust Operations, Commerce Bank of Kansas City, 911 Main St. STE 201, Kansas City, MO 64105-5304 (9.94%); Service Shares, Commerce Bank, as Trustee, Corporate Trust Services, 1701 Rt. 70 East, Cherry Hill, NY 08003-2390 (8.64%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entities owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund: FST Shares, Calhoun & Co, C/O Comerica Bank, Attn: Fund Production Unit, Mail Code 3455, 411 W. Lafayette Blvd, Detroit , MI 48226-3120 (21.05%); FST Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (5.89%); FST Shares, Trustmark National Bank, TTE FBO Various Trust Accounts, 248 E. Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39201-2503 (5.60%); Administration Shares, Hare & Co., c/o The Bank of New York, STIF Department 2nd Floor, 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy, East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 (7.99%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entity owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Financial Square Government Fund: Administration Shares, Hare & Co.,
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c/o The Bank of New York, STIF Department 2nd Floor, 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy, East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 (6.23%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entity owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Financial Square Federal Fund: FST Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (48.43%).
As of March 31, 2006, the following entity owned of record or beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Financial Square Tax-Free Fund: FST Shares, Goldman Sachs and Co., 296 Chipeta Way, Fl. 4, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1220 (56.68%).
Shareholder and Trustee Liability
Under Delaware law, the shareholders of the Series are not generally subject to liability for the debts or obligations of the Trust. Similarly, Delaware law provides that a series of the Trust will not be liable for the debts or obligations of any other series of the Trust. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in other states. As a result, to the extent that a Delaware statutory trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts of such other states, the courts may not apply Delaware law and may thereby subject the Delaware statutory trust shareholders to liability. To guard against this risk, the Declaration of Trust contains express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of a Series. Notice of such disclaimer will normally be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by a Series of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification by the relevant Series for all loss suffered by a shareholder as a result of an obligation of the Series. The Declaration of Trust also provides that a Series shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the Series and satisfy any judgment thereon. In view of the above, the risk of personal liability of shareholders of a Delaware statutory trust is remote.
In addition to the requirements set forth under Delaware law, the Declaration of Trust provides that shareholders of a Series may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Series only if the following conditions are met: (i) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Series, or 10% of the outstanding shares of the class to which such action relates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (ii) the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Series for the expense of any such investment advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
CUSTODIAN AND SUBCUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) has been retained to act as custodian of the Series’ assets. In that capacity, State Street maintains the accounting records and calculates the
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daily net asset value per share of the Series. Its mailing address is 225 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110. State Street has appointed The Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60675 as subcustodian to hold cash and certain securities purchased by the Trust.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110, is the Series independent registered public accounting firm. In addition to audit services, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP prepares the Series’ federal and state tax returns, and provides assistance on certain non-audit matters.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements and related report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the 2005 Annual Reports for the Financial Square Funds and the ILA Portfolios are hereby incorporated by reference. The financial statements in the Annual Reports for these Series have been incorporated by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. No other portions of the Series’ Annual Reports are incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the Annual Reports may be obtained without charge by writing Goldman, Sachs & Co., P.O. Box 06050, Chicago, Illinois 60606-6300 or by calling Goldman, Sachs & Co., at the telephone number on the back cover of each Series’ Prospectus.
PROXY VOTING
The Trust, on behalf of the Series, has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures (the “Policy”) for the voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts for which the Investment Adviser has voting discretion, including the Series. Under the Policy, the Investment Adviser’s guiding principles in performing proxy voting are to make decisions that: (i) favor proposals that tend to maximize a company’s shareholder value; and (ii) are not influenced by conflicts of interest. These principles reflect the Investment Adviser’s belief that sound corporate governance will create a framework within which a company can be managed in the interests of its shareholders.
The principles and positions reflected in the Policy are designed to guide the Investment Adviser in voting proxies, and not necessarily in making investment decisions. Senior management of the Investment Adviser will periodically review the Policy to ensure that it continues to be consistent with the Investment Adviser’s guiding principles.
Public Equity Investments. To implement these guiding principles for investments in publicly-traded equities, the Investment Adviser follows proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) developed by Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), except in certain circumstances, which are generally described below. The Guidelines embody the positions and factors the Investment Adviser generally considers important in casting proxy votes. They address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among others, shareholder voting rights, anti-takeover defenses, board structures, the election of directors, executive and director compensation, reorganizations, mergers, and various shareholder proposals. Attached as Appendix B is a summary of the Guidelines.
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ISS has been retained to review proxy proposals and make voting recommendations in accordance with the Guidelines. While it is the Investment Adviser’s policy generally to follow the Guidelines and recommendations from ISS, the Investment Adviser’s portfolio management teams (“Portfolio Management Teams”) retain the authority on any particular proxy vote to vote differently from the Guidelines or a related ISS recommendation, in keeping with their different investment philosophies and processes. Such decisions, however, remain subject to a review and approval process, including a determination that the decision is not influenced by any conflict of interest. In forming their views on particular matters, the Portfolio Management Teams are also permitted to consider applicable regional rules and practices, including codes of conduct and other guides, regarding proxy voting, in addition to the Guidelines and recommendations from ISS.
In addition to assisting the Investment Adviser in developing substantive proxy voting positions, ISS also updates and revises the Guidelines on a periodic basis, and the revisions are reviewed by the Investment Adviser to determine whether they are consistent with the Investment Adviser’s guiding principles. ISS also assists the Investment Adviser in the proxy voting process by providing operational, recordkeeping and reporting services.
The Investment Adviser is responsible for reviewing its relationship with ISS and for evaluating the quality and effectiveness of the various services provided by ISS. The Investment Adviser may hire other service providers to replace or supplement ISS with respect to any of the services the Investment Adviser currently receives from ISS.
The Investment Adviser has implemented procedures that are intended to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions. These procedures include the Investment Adviser’s use of ISS as an independent third party, a review and approval process for individual decisions that do not follow ISS’s recommendations, and the establishment of information barriers between the Investment Adviser and other businesses within The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Fixed Income and Private Investments. Voting decisions with respect to fixed income securities and the securities of privately held issuers generally will be made by a Fund’s managers based on their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue.
Information regarding how the Series voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available on or through the Series’ website at http://www.gs.com/funds and on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
PAYMENTS TO INTERMEDIARIES
The Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may make payments to Authorized Dealers, Service Organizations and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) from time to time to promote the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares of the Funds. These payments (“Additional Payments”) are made out of the Investment Adviser’s, Distributor’s and/or their affiliates own assets, and are not an additional charge to the Series or their shareholders. The Additional Payments are in addition to the distribution and service fees paid by the Series described in the Funds’ Prospectuses and this Additional Statement.
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These Additional Payments are intended to compensate Intermediaries for, among other things: marketing shares of the Series, which may consist of payments relating to Series included on preferred or recommended fund lists or in certain sales programs from time to time sponsored by the Intermediaries; access to the Intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel; “finders” or “referral fees” for directing investors to the Series; marketing support fees for providing assistance in promoting the sale of Series shares (which may include promotions in communications with the Intermediaries’ customers, registered representatives and salespersons); and/or other specified services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Series. In addition, the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may make Additional Payments (including through sub-transfer agency and networking agreements) for subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the transfer agent, shareholder administration, servicing and processing fees paid by the Series. The Additional Payments made by the Investment Adviser, Distributor and their affiliates may be a fixed dollar amount; may be based on the number of customer accounts maintained by an Intermediary; may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the Intermediary involved; or may be calculated on another basis. Furthermore, the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote the sale of shares, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or promotions. The Investment Adviser, Distributor and their affiliates may also pay for the travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of Intermediaries and their salespersons and guests in connection with educational, sales and promotional programs subject to applicable NASD regulations. The amount of these Additional Payments (excluding payments made through sub-transfer agency and networking agreements) is normally not expected to exceed 0.50% (annualized) of the amount sold or invested through the Intermediaries. The Additional Payments are negotiated based on a range of factors, including but not limited to, ability to attract and retain assets (including particular classes of Funds’ shares), target markets, customer relationships, quality of service and industry reputation.
For the calendar year ended December 31, 2005, the Investment Adviser, distributor and their affiliates made Additional Payments out of their own assets to approximately 108 Intermediaries. During the calendar year ended December 31, 2005, the Investment Adviser, distributor and their affiliates paid to Intermediaries approximately $ 40.6 million in Additional Payments (including payments made through sub-transfer agency and networking agreements) with respect to all of the funds of the Trust (including the Funds included in this Additional Statement).
The Additional Payments made by the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their affiliates may be different for different Intermediaries and may vary with respect to the type of fund (e.g., equity, fund, fixed income fund, specialty fund, asset allocation portfolio or money market fund) sold by the Intermediary. In addition, the Additional Payment arrangements may include breakpoints in compensation which provide that the percentage rate of compensation varies as the dollar value of the amount sold or invested through an Intermediary increases. The presence of these Additional Payments, the varying fee structure and the basis on which an Intermediary compensates its registered representatives or salespersons may create an incentive for a particular Intermediary, registered representative or salesperson to highlight, feature or recommend a Series based, at least in part, on the level of compensation paid. Shareholders should contact their Authorized Dealer or other Intermediary for more information about the payments they receive and any potential conflicts of interest.
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Please contact your Intermediary if you have a question about whether your Intermediary receives the Additional Payments described above. For additional questions, please contact Goldman Sachs Funds at 1-800-621-2550.
OTHER INFORMATION
Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Board of Trustees of the Trust and the Investment Adviser have adopted a policy on selective disclosure of portfolio holdings in accordance with regulations that seek to ensure that disclosure of information about portfolio securities is in the best interest of Fund shareholders and to address the conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and its service providers. The policy provides that neither a Series nor its Investment Adviser, Distributor or any agent, or any employee thereof (“Series Representative”) will disclose a Series’ portfolio holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy. For purposes of the policy, “portfolio holdings information” means a Series’ actual portfolio holdings, as well as nonpublic information about its trading strategies or pending transactions. Under the policy, neither a Series nor any Series Representative may solicit or accept any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. A Series Representative may provide portfolio holdings information to third parties if such information has been included in a Series’ public filings with the SEC or is disclosed on the Series’ publicly accessible website. Information posted on the Series’ website may be separately provided to any person commencing the day after it is first published on the Series’ website.
Portfolio holdings information that is not filed with the SEC or posted on the publicly available website may be provided to third parties only if the third party recipients are required to keep all portfolio holdings information confidential and are prohibited from trading on the information they receive. Disclosure to such third parties must be approved in advance by the Investment Advisor’s legal or compliance department. Disclosure to providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting and other similar services for the Series, as well as rating and ranking organizations, will generally be permitted; however, information may be disclosed to other third parties (including, without limitation, individuals, institutional investors, and intermediaries that sell shares of the Series,) only upon approval by the Series’ Chief Compliance Officer, who must first determine that the Series has a legitimate business purpose for doing so and check with the Transfer Agent to ascertain whether the third party has been identified as an excessive trader. In general, each recipient of non-public portfolio holdings information must sign a confidentiality and non-trading agreement, although this requirement will not apply when the recipient is otherwise subject to a duty of confidentiality. In accordance with the policy, the identity of those recipients who receive non-public portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis is as follows: the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, the Series’ independent registered public accounting firm, the Series’ custodian, the Series’ legal counsel- Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, the Series’ financial printer- Bowne, and the Series’ proxy voting service- ISS. These entities are obligated to keep such information confidential. Third party providers of custodial or accounting services to the Series may release non-public portfolio holdings information of the Series only with the permission of Series Representatives. From time to time portfolio holdings information may be provided to broker-dealers solely in connection with a Series seeking portfolio securities trading suggestions. In providing this information reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information. All marketing materials prepared by the Trust’s principal underwriter are
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reviewed by Goldman Sachs’ Compliance department for consistency with the Trust’s portfolio holdings disclosure policy.
The equity funds currently intend to publish on the Trust’s website (http://www.gs.com/funds) complete portfolio holdings for each equity fund as of the end of each calendar quarter subject to a fifteen calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. In addition, the equity funds intend to publish on their website month-end top ten holdings subject to a ten calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The non-money market fixed income funds currently intend to publish complete portfolio holdings on their website as of the end of each fiscal quarter, subject to a thirty calendar day lag, and to post selected holdings information monthly on a ten calendar day lag. The Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund, Financial Square Money Market Fund, Institutional Liquid Assets Prime Obligations Portfolio and Institutional Liquid Assets Money Market Portfolio publish their holdings as of the end of each month subject to a thirty calendar-day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The other Financial Square and Institutional Liquid Assets money market funds publish their holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter subject to a thirty calendar-day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. A Fund may publish on the website complete portfolio holdings information more frequently if it has a legitimate business purpose for doing so.
Under the policy, Series Representatives will initially supply the Board of the Trustees with a list of third parties who receive portfolio holdings information pursuant to any ongoing arrangement. In addition, the Board is to receive information, on a quarterly basis, regarding any other disclosures of non-public portfolio holdings information that were permitted during the preceding quarter. In addition, the Board of Trustees is to approve at its meetings a list of Series Representatives who are authorized to disclose portfolio holdings information under the policy. As of the date of this Additional Statement, only certain officers of the Trust as well as certain senior members of the compliance and legal groups of the Investment Adviser have been approved by the Board of Trustees to authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information.
Miscellaneous
As stated in the Prospectuses, the Trust may authorize service organizations and other institutions that provide recordkeeping, reporting and processing services to their customers to accept on the Trust’s behalf purchase, redemption and exchange orders placed by or on behalf of their customers and, if approved by the Trust, to designate other intermediaries to accept such orders. These institutions may receive payments from the Trust or Goldman Sachs for their services. In some, but not all, cases these payments will be pursuant to an Administration, Distribution, Service, Shareholder Administration, Capital Administration or Select Plan described in the Prospectuses and the following sections. Certain Service organizations or institutions may enter into sub-transfer agency agreements with the Trust or Goldman Sachs with respect to their services.
The Prospectuses and this Additional Statement do not contain all the information included in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered by the Prospectuses. Certain portions of the Registration Statement have been omitted from the Prospectuses and this Additional Statement pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Registration Statement including the exhibits filed therewith may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
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Statements contained in the Prospectuses or in this Additional Statement as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectuses and this Additional Statement form a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
ADMINISTRATION PLANS
(ILA Administration,
FST Administration and FST Preferred Shares Only)
The Trust, on behalf of each ILA Portfolio and Financial Square Fund, has adopted an administration plan with respect to the ILA Administration Shares (the “ILA Administration Plan”), FST Administration Shares (the “FST Administration Plan”) and FST Preferred Shares (the “FST Preferred Plan,” together with the ILA Administration Plan and the FST Administration Plan, the “Administration Plans”). The Administration Plans authorize the ILA Series and Financial Square Funds to compensate service organizations for providing certain shareholder administration services to their customers who are beneficial owners of such shares.
Pursuant to the Administration Plans, the Trust, on behalf of each Series, enters into agreements with service organizations which purchase ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares or FST Preferred Shares on behalf of their customers (“Service Agreements”). Under such Service Agreements, the service organizations may agree to: (i) act, directly or through an agent, as the shareholder of record and nominee for customers, (ii) maintain, or assist in maintaining, account records for customers who beneficially own ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares or FST Preferred Shares, (iii) receive and transmit, or assist in receiving and transmitting, funds for share purchases and redemptions, (iv) process or assist in processing confirmations concerning customer orders to purchase, redeem and exchange Administration Shares, and (v) facilitate the inclusion of the Funds in accounts, products or services offered to customers by or through service organizations. In addition, with respect to ILA Administration Shares and FST Administration Shares, service organizations may agree to: (i) process, or assist in processing, dividend payments on behalf of customers, and (ii) perform other related services which do not constitute “personal and account maintenance services” within the meaning of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.’s Conduct Rules.
As compensation for such services, the Trust on behalf of each ILA Portfolio and Financial Square Fund pays each service organization an administration fee in an amount up to .15% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the ILA Administration Shares of each ILA Portfolio, .25% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the FST Administration Shares and .10% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the FST Preferred Shares of each Financial Square Fund, attributable to or held in the name of such service organization for its customers. The Trust, on behalf of the Series, accrues payments made to a service organization pursuant to a Service Agreement daily. All inquiries of beneficial owners of ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares and FST Preferred Shares should be directed to the owners’ service organization.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 the amount of the administration fees paid by each ILA Portfolio under its ILA Administration Plan to service organizations was as follows:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 124,513 | | | $ | 106,974 | | | $ | 108,378 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | | 1,318,698 | | | | 1,091,703 | | | | 782,560 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 19,621 | | | | 23,272 | | | | 26,063 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 48,704 | | | | 47,261 | | | | 45,597 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | | 20,043 | | | | 20,280 | | | | 18,991 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | | 2,070,591 | | | | 1,840,053 | | | | 1,363,645 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 2,065,131 | | | | 1,710,515 | | | | 947,642 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 465,789 | | | | 333,228 | | | | 305,205 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 296,178 | | | | 224,447 | | | | 148,995 | |
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 the amount of administration fees paid by each Financial Square Fund under its FST Administration Plan to service organizations was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 7,803,359 | | | $ | 7,845,802 | | | $ | 8,026,896 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 1,637,419 | | | | 1,020,396 | | | | 1,045,986 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 4,337,592 | | | | 3,483,992 | | | | 3,728,654 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 1,062,732 | | | | 544,824 | | | | 482,424 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 2,371,399 | | | | 2,235,766 | | | | 2,570,073 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 1,508,241 | | | | 1,050,932 | | | | 1,359,606 | |
FS Tax Free Fund | | | 891,765 | | | | 709,600 | | | | 732,157 | |
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For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 the amount of administration fees paid by each Financial Square Fund under its FST Preferred Plan was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 1,466,824 | | | $ | 1,662,065 | | | $ | 1,787,993 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 102,820 | | | | 125,728 | | | | 125,563 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 557,788 | | | | 469,506 | | | | 574,158 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 78,082 | | | | 13,877 | | | | 23,431 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 394,109 | | | | 487,536 | | | | 433,744 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 91,820 | | | | 101,091 | | | | 99,995 | |
FS Tax Free Fund | | | 240,852 | | | | 199,856 | | | | 212,579 | |
Conflict of interest restrictions (including the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) may apply to a service organization’s receipt of compensation paid by the Trust in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares and FST Preferred Shares. Service organizations, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or State Securities Commissions, are urged to consult legal advisers before investing fiduciary assets in ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares or FST Preferred Shares. In addition, under some state securities laws, banks and other financial institutions purchasing ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares or FST Preferred Shares on behalf of their customers may be required to register as dealers.
The Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees, most recently voted to approve the Administration Plans and Service Agreements at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such Administration Plans and Service Agreements on June 16, 2005. The Administration Plans and Service Agreements will remain in effect until June 30, 2006, and continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved annually by a vote of the Trustees in the manner described above.
An Administration Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein, and other material amendments of the Administration Plan may not be made, unless approved by the Trustees in the manner described above. An Administration Plan may be terminated at any time by a majority of the non-interested Trustees as described above or by vote of a majority of the outstanding ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares or FST Preferred Shares of the affected Series. The Service Agreements may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the non-interested Trustees as described above or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares or FST Preferred Shares of the affected Series on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the Service Agreements. The Service Agreements will terminate automatically if assigned. So long as the Administration Plans are in effect, the selection and nomination of those Trustees who are not interested persons will be committed to the discretion of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust. The Trustees have determined that, in their judgment, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Administration Plans will benefit the Series and holders of ILA Administration Shares, FST Administration Shares and FST Preferred Shares of such Series.
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SERVICE AND SHAREHOLDER ADMINISTRATION PLANS
(ILA Service Shares and FST Service Shares Only)
The Trust has adopted a service plan and a separate shareholder administration plan on behalf of each Financial Square Fund with respect to the FST Service Shares (the “FST Plans”) and on behalf of each ILA Portfolio with respect to the ILA Service Shares (the “ILA Plans” and together with the FST Plans, the “Service Plans”). The Service Plans authorize the Series to compensate service organizations for providing certain personal and account maintenance services and shareholder administration services to their customers who are or may become beneficial owners of such shares. Pursuant to the Service Plans, the Trust, on behalf of each ILA Portfolio or Financial Square Fund, enters into agreements with service organizations which purchase ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares on behalf of their customers (“Service Agreements”). Under such Service Agreements, the service organizations may perform some or all of the following services:
(i) Personal and account maintenance services, including: (a) providing facilities to answer inquiries and respond to correspondence with customers and other investors about the status of their accounts or about other aspects of the Trust or the applicable Series; (b) acting as liaison between the service organization’s customers and the Trust, including obtaining information from the Trust and assisting the Trust in correcting errors and resolving problems; (c) providing such statistical and other information as may be reasonably requested by the Trust or necessary for the Trust to comply with applicable federal or state law; (d) responding to investor requests for prospectuses; (e) displaying and making prospectuses available on the service organization’s premises; and (f) assisting customers in completing application forms, selecting dividend and other account options and opening custody accounts with the service organization.
(ii) Shareholder administration services, including: (a) acting or arranging for another party to act, as recordholder and nominee of the Service Shares beneficially owned by the service organization’s customers; (b) establishing and maintaining, or assist in establishing and maintaining, individual accounts and records of customers who beneficially own ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares; (c) processing, or assist in processing, confirmations concerning customer orders to purchase, redeem and exchange ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares; (d) receiving and transmitting, or assist in receiving and transmitting, funds representing the purchase price or redemption proceeds of such ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares; (e) processing dividend payments on behalf of customers; (f) facilitating the inclusion of Funds in accounts, products or services offered to customers by or through Service Organizations; and (g) performing other related services which do not constitute “any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of shares” within the meaning of Rule 12b-1 under the Act or “personal and account maintenance services” within the meaning of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.’s Conduct Rules.
As compensation for such services, (i) the Trust on behalf of each ILA Portfolio pays each service organization a service fee in an amount up to .25% (on an annualized basis) and a shareholder administration fee in an amount up to .15% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the ILA Service Shares of each ILA Portfolio attributable to or held in the name of such service organization for its customers; and (ii) the Trust, on behalf of each Financial Square Fund, pays each service organization a service fee in an amount up to .25% (on an annualized basis) and a shareholder administration fee in an amount up to .25% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the FST Service Shares of each Financial Square Fund attributable to or held in the name of such
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service organization for its customers. The Trust, on behalf of the Series, accrues payments made to a service organization pursuant to a Service Agreement daily. All inquiries of beneficial owners of ILA Service Shares and FST Service Shares should be directed to the owners’ service organization.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the amount of the fees paid by each ILA Portfolio then in existence to service organizations pursuant to the ILA Plans was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 940,460 | | | $ | 661,311 | | | $ | 773,992 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | | 1,030,560 | | | | 1,104,154 | | | | 1,200,376 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 2,818,801 | | | | 2,434,337 | | | | 5,684,513 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 1,848,517 | | | | 1,946,358 | | | | 1,563,474 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | | 214,588 | | | | 214,488 | | | | 276,327 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | | 861,959 | | | | 1,006,027 | | | | 1,083,828 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 81,230 | | | | 51,838 | | | | 60,395 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 7 | | | | 7 | | | | 85 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 6,122 | | | | 434 | | | | 372 | |
During the periods presented, GSAM agreed voluntarily to waive a portion of the fee to which it was entitled pursuant to the ILA Plans. Had such fees been imposed, the following additional fees would have been incurred by these Series for the periods indicated:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 680 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 308 | | | | 10,873 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 17 | | | | 78 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 121 | |
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the amount of fees paid by each Financial Square Fund to service organizations pursuant to the FST Plans was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 5,947,549 | | | $ | 4,329,075 | | | $ | 4,901,376 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 1,536,714 | | | | 1,427,799 | | | | 1,730,813 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 3,507,173 | | | | 2,508,192 | | | | 3,143,134 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 717,374 | | | | 450,520 | | | | 420,265 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 1,473,366 | | | | 1,321,127 | | | | 1,430,285 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 2,594,438 | | | | 2,288,511 | | | | 2,583,311 | |
FS Tax-Free Fund | | | 716,513 | | | | 316,744 | | | | 300,900 | |
The Trust has adopted each Service Plan (but not the Shareholder Administration Plan) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act in order to avoid any possibility that payments to the service organizations pursuant to the Service Agreements might violate the Act. Rule 12b-1, which was adopted by the SEC under the Act, regulates the circumstances under which an investment company such as the Trust may bear expenses associated with the distribution of its securities. In particular, such an investment company cannot engage directly or indirectly in financing any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of securities issued by the company unless it has adopted a plan pursuant to, and complies with the other requirements of, such Rule. The Trust believes that fees paid for the services provided in the Service Plans and described above are not expenses incurred primarily for effecting the distribution of ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares. However, should such payments be deemed by a court or the SEC to be distribution expenses, such payments would be duly authorized by the Service Plans.
Conflict of interest restrictions (including the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) may apply to a service organization’s receipt of compensation paid by the Trust in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares. Service organizations, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or State Securities Commissions, are urged to consult legal advisers before investing fiduciary assets in ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares. In addition, under some state securities laws, banks and other financial institutions purchasing ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares on behalf of their customers may be required to register as dealers.
The Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees, most recently voted to approve the Plans and Service Agreements at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such Plans and Service Agreements on June 16, 2005. The ILA Plan and FST Plan and related Service
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Agreements will remain in effect until June 30, 2006. The Plans and related Service Agreements will continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved annually by a vote of the Trustees in the manner described above.
A Service Plan may not be amended (but the Shareholder Administration Plan may be amended) to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein without approval of the ILA Service Shareholders or FST Service Shareholders of the affected Series, and all material amendments of a Plan must also be approved by the Trustees in the manner described above. A Service Plan may be terminated at any time by a majority of the Board of Trustees as described above or by vote of a majority of the outstanding ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares of the affected Series. The Service Agreements may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees as described above or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding ILA Service Shares or FST Service Shares of the affected Series on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the Service Agreements. The Service Agreements shall terminate automatically if assigned. So long as the Service Plans are in effect, the selection and nomination of those Trustees who are not interested persons shall be determined by the discretion of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust. The Trustees have determined that, in their judgment, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Service Plans will benefit the Series and holders of ILA Service Shares and FST Service Shares of such Series.
SELECT PLAN
(FST Select Shares Only)
The Trust, on behalf of the FS Prime Obligations, FS Money Market, FS Treasury Obligations, FS Treasury Instruments, FS Government, FS Federal and FS Tax-Free Funds has adopted a select plan with respect to the FST Select Shares (the “FST Select Plan “) which authorizes the Financial Square Funds to compensate service organizations for providing certain shareholder administration services to their customers who are beneficial owners of such shares. Pursuant to the Select Plan, the Trust, on behalf of such Series, enters into agreements with service organizations that purchase FST Select Shares on behalf of their customers (“Service Agreements”). Under such Service Agreements, the service organizations may agree to: (i) act, directly or through an agent, as the shareholder of record and nominee for customers, (ii) maintain, or assist in maintaining, account records for customers who beneficially own FST Select Shares, and (iii) receive and transmit, or assist in receiving and transmitting, funds for share purchases and redemptions. As compensation for such services, the Trust on behalf of each Financial Square Fund pays each service organization an administration fee in an amount up to .03 of 1% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the FST Select Shares of each Financial Square Fund, attributable to or held in the name of such service organization for its customers. The Trust, on behalf of the Series, accrues payments made pursuant to a Service Agreement daily. All inquiries of beneficial owners of Select Shares should be directed to the owners’ service organizations.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the amount of fees paid by each Financial Square Fund to service organizations pursuant to the FST Select Plan was as follows:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 24,831 | | | $ | 29,082 | | | $ | 40,272 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 24,304 | | | | 11,403 | | | | 17,919 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 61 | | | | 741 | | | | 20,321 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 18 | | | | 45 | | | | 155 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 36,592 | | | | 33,153 | | | | 40,732 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 0 | | | | 1 | | | | 6 | |
FS Tax-Free Fund | | | 34,003 | | | | 50,285 | | | | 7,174 | |
Conflict of interest restrictions (including the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) may apply to a service organization’s receipt of compensation paid by the Trust in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in FST Select Shares. Service organizations, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or State Securities Commissions, are urged to consult legal advisers before investing fiduciary assets in FST Select Shares. In addition, under some state securities laws, banks and other financial institutions purchasing FST Select Shares on behalf of their customers may be required to register as dealers.
The Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees, most recently voted to approve the Select Plan and Service Agreements at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Select Plan and Service Agreements on June 16, 2005. The FST Select Plan and Service Agreements will remain in effect until June 30, 2006. The Select Plan and Service Agreements will continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved annually by a vote of the Trustees in the manner described above.
The Select Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein, and other material amendments of the Plan may not be made, unless approved by the Trustees in the manner described above. The Select Plan may be terminated at any time by a majority of the non-interested Trustees as described above or by vote of a majority of the outstanding FST Select Shares of the affected Series. The Service Agreements may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the non-interested Trustees as described above or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding FST Select Shares of the affected Series on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the Service Agreements. The Service Agreements shall terminate automatically if assigned. So long as the Select Plan are in effect, the selection and nomination of those Trustees who are not interested persons shall be determined by the discretion of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust. The Trustees have determined that, in their judgment, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Select Plan will benefit the Series and holders of FST Select Shares of such Series.
CAPITAL ADMINISTRATION PLAN
(FST Capital Shares Only)
The Trust, on behalf of each Financial Square Fund, has adopted a capital administration plan with respect to the FST Capital Shares (the “Capital Administration Plan”). The Capital Administration Plan authorizes the Financial Square Funds to compensate service organizations for providing certain shareholder administration services to their customers who are beneficial owners of such shares.
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Pursuant to the Capital Administration Plan, the Trust, on behalf of each Financial Square Fund, enters into agreements with service organizations which purchase FST Capital Shares on behalf of their customers (“Service Agreements”). Under such Service Agreements, the service organizations may agree to: (i) act, directly or through an agent, as the shareholder of record and nominee for customers, (ii) maintain, or assist in maintaining, account records for customers who beneficially own FST Capital Shares, (iii) receive and transmit, or assist in receiving and transmitting, funds for share purchases and redemptions, (iv) process or assist in processing confirmations concerning customer orders to purchase, redeem and exchange FST Capital Shares, and (v) facilitating the inclusion of the Funds in accounts, products or services offered to customers by or through the service organization, for example, retirement, asset allocation, bank trust, private banking, cash management or sweep accounts, programs or services.
As compensation for such services, the Trust on behalf of each Financial Square Fund pays each service organization an administration fee in an amount up to .15% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily net assets of the FST Capital Shares of each Financial Square Fund, attributable to or held in the name of such service organization for its customers. The Trust, on behalf of the Series, accrues payments made to a service organization pursuant to a Service Agreement daily. All inquiries of beneficial owners of FST Capital Shares should be directed to the owners’ service organization.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and the fiscal period ended December 31, 2003, the amount of the fees paid by each Financial Square Fund to service organizations pursuant to the Capital Administration Plan was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
FS Prime Obligations Fund | | $ | 407,215 | | | $ | 349,252 | | | $ | 460,117 | |
FS Money Market Fund | | | 33,210 | | | | 66,448 | | | | 30,823 | |
FS Treasury Obligations Fund | | | 2,619 | | | | 5,167 | | | | 12,671 | |
FS Treasury Instruments Fund | | | 24,945 | | | | 38,925 | | | | 4,906 | |
FS Government Fund | | | 179,535 | | | | 122,083 | | | | 204,172 | |
FS Federal Fund | | | 5,631 | | | | 5,848 | | | | 5,704 | |
FS Tax-Free Fund | | | 198,426 | | | | 18,891 | | | | 4,569 | |
Conflict of interest restrictions (including the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) may apply to a service organization’s receipt of compensation paid by the Trust in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in FST Capital Shares. Service organizations, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or State Securities Commissions, are urged to consult legal advisers before investing fiduciary assets in FST Capital Shares. In addition, under some state securities laws, banks and other financial institutions purchasing FST Capital Shares on behalf of their customers may be required to register as dealers.
The Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees, initially voted to approve the Capital Administration Plan and Service Agreements at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such Capital Administration Plan and Service Agreements on June, 16 2005. The Capital Administration Plan and Service Agreements will remain in effect until June 30, 2006 and continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved annually by a vote of the Trustees in the manner described above.
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The Capital Administration Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein, and other material amendments of the Capital Administration Plan may not be made, unless approved by the Trustees in the manner described above. The Capital Administration Plan may be terminated at any time by a majority of the non-interested Trustees as described above or by vote of a majority of the outstanding FST Capital Shares of the affected Series. The Service Agreements may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the non-interested Trustees as described above or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding FST Capital Shares of the affected Series on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the Service Agreements. The Service Agreements will terminate automatically if assigned. So long as the Capital Administration Plan is in effect, the selection and nomination of those Trustees who are not interested persons will be committed to the discretion of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust. The Trustees have determined that, in their judgment, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Capital Administration Plan will benefit the Financial Square Funds and holders of FST Capital Shares of such Funds.
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLANS
ILA Class B and Class C Distribution and Service Plans. As described in the Prospectuses, the Trust has adopted distribution and service plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act with respect to ILA Class B and Class C Shares on behalf of the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio (the “Distribution and Service Plans”). See “Shareholder Guide – Distribution and Service Fees” in the Prospectus. The Plans finance distribution and other services that are provided to investors in the Funds and enable the Funds to offer investors the choice of investing in either Class B or Class C Shares when investing in the Funds. In addition, the Plans are intended to assist the Funds in reaching and maintaining asset levels that are efficient for the Funds’ operations and investments.
The Distribution and Service Plans were most recently approved on June 16, 2005 by a majority vote of the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of approving the Distribution and Service Plans.
The compensation for distribution services payable under the Distribution and Service Plans to Goldman Sachs may not exceed 0.75% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to ILA Class B and Class C Shares, respectively, of the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio. In connection with the sale of Class C Shares, Goldman Sachs normally begins paying the 0.75% distribution fee as an ongoing commission to Authorized Dealers after the shares have been held for one year.
Under the Distribution and Service Plans for ILA Class B and Class C Shares, Goldman Sachs is also entitled to receive a separate fee for personal and account maintenance services equal to an annual basis of 0.25% of each Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to ILA Class B or Class C Shares. This fee is for personal and account maintenance services, and may be used to make payments to Goldman Sachs, Authorized Dealers and their officers, sales representatives and employees for responding to inquiries of, and furnishing assistance to, shareholders regarding ownership of their shares of their accounts or similar services not otherwise provided on behalf of the Funds. In connection with the sales of Class C Shares, Goldman Sachs normally begins paying the 0.25% ongoing service fee to Authorized Dealers after the shares have been held for one year.
The Distribution and Service Plans are compensation plans which provide for the payment of a specified fee without regard to the expenses actually incurred by Goldman Sachs. The distribution fees received by Goldman Sachs under the Distribution and Service Plans and CDSC on ILA Class B
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Shares may be sold by Goldman Sachs as distributor to entities which provide financing for payments to Authorized Dealers in respect of sales of ILA Class B Shares. Goldman Sachs may also pay up to the entire amount of its fee under the Class C Distribution and Service Plan to service organizations or other institutions for providing services in connection with the sale of Class C Shares. To the extent such fees are not paid to such dealers, Goldman Sachs may retain such fee as compensation for its services and expenses of distributing ILA Class B Shares and Class C Shares. If such fees exceed Goldman Sachs’ expenses, Goldman Sachs may realize a profit from these arrangements.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the amount of distribution and service fees paid by the ILA Prime Obligation Portfolio’s Class B Shares and Class C Shares to Goldman Sachs was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligation Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class B Shares | | $ | 199,418 | | | $ | 225,524 | | | $ | 197,736 | |
Class C Shares | | | 160,158 | | | | 158,936 | | | | 103,487 | |
During the periods presented, GSAM agreed voluntarily to waive a portion of the distribution and service fees to which it was entitled pursuant to the Distribution and Service Plans. Had such fees been imposed, the following additional fees would have been incurred by the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligation Portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class B Shares | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 82,028 | | | $ | 155,781 | |
Class C Shares | | | 0 | | | | 56,637 | | | | 83,537 | |
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, Goldman Sachs incurred the following expenses in connection with distribution activities under the Distribution and Service Plan of the ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio with respect to ILA Class B Shares and ILA Class C Shares, respectively: compensation to dealers, $61,044 and $152,377; compensation and expenses of the Distributor and its sales personnel, $18,835 and $0; allocable overhead, telephone and travel expenses, $2,539 and $0; printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders, $177 and $0; and preparation and distribution of sales literature and advertising, $278 and $0. These amounts reflect expenses incurred by Goldman Sachs. Compensation to dealers includes advance commissions paid to dealers of 4% on ILA Class B Shares and 1% on ILA Class C Shares which are considered deferred assets and amortized over a period of 6 years and one year (or until redemption), respectively, for such classes. The amounts presented above reflect amortization expense recorded during the period presented in addition to payments remitted directly to dealers.
The Distribution and Service Plans will remain in effect until June 30, 2006 and from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is approved annually by a majority vote of the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Distribution and Service Plans. The Distribution and Service Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of distribution compensation described therein as to a particular Portfolio without approval of a majority of the outstanding Class B or Class C Shareholders, as applicable, of the affected Portfolio and Share class, but may be amended without shareholder approval to increase the amount of non-distribution compensation. All material amendments to the Distribution and Service Plans must also be approved by the Trustees of the Trust in the manner described above. The Distribution and Service Plans may be terminated at any time without payment of any penalty by a
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vote of the majority of the non-interested Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Class B or Class C Shares, as applicable, of the applicable Portfolio. If the Distribution and Service Plans were terminated by the Trust’s Board of Trustees and no successor plan were adopted, the Series would cease to make distribution payments to Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs would be unable to recover the amount of any of its unreimbursed distribution expenditures. So long as the Distribution and Service Plans are in effect, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees will be committed to the discretion of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust. The Trustees have determined that in their judgment there is a reasonable likelihood that the Distribution and Service Plans will benefit the applicable Series and their respective Shareholders.
Cash Management Shares Distribution Plan and Service Plan. As described in the Prospectus, the Trust has adopted a distribution plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act with respect to ILA Cash Management Shares on behalf of each ILA Portfolio (the “Cash Management Distribution Plan”). The Trust has also adopted a separate service plan with respect to ILA Cash Management Shares on behalf of each ILA Portfolio (the “Cash Management Service Plan” and together with the Cash Management Distribution Plan, the “Plans”).
The Plans were most recently approved on June 16, 2005 on behalf of each ILA Portfolio by a majority vote of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of approving the Plans. The Plans will remain in effect until June 30, 2006 and from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is approved annually by a majority vote of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the non-interested Trustees. Neither Plan may be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein as to a particular Series without approval of a majority of the outstanding ILA Cash Management Shareholders of that Portfolio. All material amendments to the Plans must also be approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust in the manner described above. The Plans may be terminated at any time without payment of any penalty by a vote of the majority of the non-interested Trustees or by vote of a majority of the ILA Cash Management Shares of the applicable Portfolio. So long as the Plans are in effect, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust. The Trustees have determined that in their judgment there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plans will benefit the applicable Portfolios and their respective Shareholders.
The compensation payable under the Cash Management Distribution Plan may not exceed 0.50% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to ILA Cash Management Shares of the ILA Portfolios. As of the date of this Additional Statement, Goldman Sachs was voluntarily limiting a portion of the fees payable under the Plan. Goldman Sachs may modify or discontinue such limitation in the future at its discretion.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the amount of the distribution fees paid by each ILA Portfolio pursuant to the Cash Management Shares Distribution Plan was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 2,600 | | | $ | 4,142 | | | $ | 8,930 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | | 98,942 | | | | 128,100 | | | | 204,820 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 19,153 | | | | 10,465 | | | | 32,774 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 15,765 | | | | 12,350 | | | | 14,755 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | | 5,083 | | | | 4,118 | | | | 8,173 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | | 97,378 | | | | 212,423 | | | | 477,558 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 109,312 | | | | 146,369 | | | | 231,648 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 13,343 | | | | 20,322 | | | | 51,520 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 51,843 | | | | 48,389 | | | | 53,494 | |
During the periods presented, GSAM agreed voluntarily to waive a portion of the distribution fees to which it was entitled pursuant to the Cash Management Shares Distribution Plan. Had such fees been imposed, the following additional fees would have been incurred by these Series for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 15,970 | | | $ | 25,446 | | | $ | 54,852 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | $ | 607,789 | | | | 786,898 | | | | 1,258,183 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 117,655 | | | | 64,002 | | | | 201,325 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | $ | 96,839 | | | | 75,864 | | | | 90,641 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | $ | 31,225 | | | | 25,297 | | | | 50,207 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | $ | 598,182 | | | | 1,304,882 | | | | 2,933,573 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | $ | 671,491 | | | | 899,126 | | | | 1,423,164 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 81,961 | | | | 124,836 | | | | 316,377 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 318,461 | | | | 297,248 | | | | 328,604 | |
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During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, Goldman Sachs incurred the following expenses in connection with distribution under the Cash Management Shares Distribution Plan for each ILA Portfolio with Cash Management Shares then in existence:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Printing and | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Compensation and | | Allocable | | Mailing of | | Preparation and | | |
| | | | | | Expenses of the | | Overhead, | | Prospectuses to | | Distribution of | | |
| | Compensation to | | Distributor and Its Sales | | Telephone and | | Other Than Current | | Sales Literature and | | |
| | Dealers | | Personnel | | Travel Expenses | | Shareholders | | Advertising | | Totals |
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | | — | | | $ | 5,291 | | | $ | 466 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 51 | | | $ | 5,841 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | | — | | | | 57,343 | | | | 4,988 | | | | 349 | | | | 547 | | | | 63,226 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | — | | | | 13,784 | | | | 1,319 | | | | 92 | | | | 145 | | | | 15,340 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | — | | | | 12,885 | | | | 1,204 | | | | 84 | | | | 132 | | | | 14,305 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | | — | | | | 8,008 | | | | 766 | | | | 54 | | | | 84 | | | | 8,991 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | | — | | | | 80,344 | | | | 6,995 | | | | 489 | | | | 767 | | | | 88,595 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | — | | | | 78,147 | | | | 6,704 | | | | 469 | | | | 735 | | | | 86,325 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | — | | | | 14,713 | | | | 1,326 | | | | 93 | | | | 145 | | | | 16,277 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | — | | | | 39,547 | | | | 3,683 | | | | 257 | | | | 404 | | | | 43,918 | |
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Goldman Sachs may pay up to the entire amount of its fee under the Cash Management Distribution Plan to service organizations or other institutions for providing services in connection with the sale of ILA Cash Management Shares. To the extent such fees are not paid to such dealers, Goldman Sachs may retain such fee as compensation for its services and expenses of distributing ILA Cash Management Shares. If such fee exceeds its expenses, Goldman Sachs may realize a profit from these arrangements.
The Cash Management Distribution Plan is a compensation plan which provides for the payment of specified distribution fees without regard to the distribution expenses actually incurred by Goldman Sachs. If the Cash Management Distribution Plan was terminated by the Trust’s Board of Trustees and no successor plan were adopted, the ILA Portfolios would cease to make distribution payments to Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs would be unable to recover the amount of any of its unreimbursed distribution expenditures.
Pursuant to the Cash Management Service Plan, the Trust, on behalf of each ILA Portfolio, enters into agreements with service organizations which purchase ILA Cash Management Shares on behalf of their customers (“Service Agreements”). Under such Service Agreements the service organizations may agree to: (i) act, directly or through an agent, as the shareholder of record and nominee for customers; (ii) maintain, or assist in maintaining, account records for customers who beneficially own ILA Cash Management Shares; (iii) receive and transmit, or assist in receiving and transmitting, funds for share purchases and redemptions; (iv) provide facilities to answer questions and handle correspondence from customers regarding their accounts; (v) process, or assist in processing, confirmations for transactions in shares by customers; (vi) receive and answer investor correspondence, including requests for prospectuses and statements of additional information; (vii) display and make prospectuses available on the service organization’s premises; (viii) assist customers in completing application forms, selecting dividend and other account options and opening custody accounts with the service organization; (ix) act as liaison between customers and the Trust, including obtaining information from the Trust, working with the Trust to correct errors and resolve problems and providing statistical and other information to the Trust; (x) provide services to customers intended to facilitate or improve their understanding of the benefits and risks of an ILA Portfolio, (xi) facilitate the inclusion of an ILA Portfolio in investment, retirement, asset allocation, cash management or sweep accounts or similar products or services offered to customers by or through service organizations, (xii) facilitate electronic or computer trading and/or processing in an ILA Portfolio or providing electronic, computer or other database information regarding an ILA Portfolio to customers, and (xiii) develop, maintain and support systems necessary to support ILA Cash Management Shares.
As compensation for such services, the Trust on behalf of each ILA Portfolio pays each service organization a service fee in an amount up to .50% (on an annual basis) of the average daily net assets of the ILA Cash Management Shares of each ILA Portfolio attributable to or held in the name of such service organization for its customers; provided, however, that the fee paid for personal and account maintenance services shall not exceed .25% of such average daily net assets. The Trust, on behalf of an ILA Portfolio, accrues payments made to a service organization pursuant to a Service Agreement daily. The Service Agreements shall terminate automatically if assigned. All inquiries of beneficial owners of ILA Cash Management Shares should be directed to the owners’ service organization.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the amount of the fees paid by each ILA Portfolio pursuant to the Cash Management Shares Service Plan was as follows:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 18,569 | | | $ | 27,651 | | | $ | 56,997 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | | 706,732 | | | | 850,890 | | | | 1,303,938 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 136,809 | | | | 62,050 | | | | 198,334 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 112,603 | | | | 67,114 | | | | 73,999 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | | 36,308 | | | | 26,069 | | | | 48,376 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | | 695,560 | | | | 1,401,488 | | | | 3,057,006 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 780,803 | | | | 814,582 | | | | 904,615 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 95,305 | | | | 94,873 | | | | 158,403 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 370,304 | | | | 253,057 | | | | 180,161 | |
During the period presented, GSAM agreed voluntarily to waive a portion of the fees to which it was entitled pursuant to the Cash Management Shares Service Plan. Had such fees been imposed, the following additional fees would have been incurred by these Series for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 |
ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,937 | | | $ | 6,785 | |
ILA Money Market Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 64,108 | | | | 159,065 | |
ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 12,417 | | | | 35,765 | |
ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 21,100 | | | | 31,397 | |
ILA Government Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 3,194 | | | | 10,004 | |
ILA Federal Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 115,817 | | | | 354,125 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 230,913 | | | | 750,197 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 50,285 | | | | 209,494 | |
ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio | | | 0 | | | | 92,580 | | | | 201,937 | |
The Trust has adopted the Cash Management Service Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act in order to avoid any possibility that payments to the service organizations pursuant to the Service Agreements might violate the Act. Rule 12b-1, which was adopted by the SEC under the Act, regulates the circumstances under which an investment company such as the Trust may bear expenses associated with the distribution of its securities. In particular, such an investment company cannot engage directly or indirectly in financing any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of securities issued by the company unless it has adopted a plan pursuant to, and complies with the other requirements of, such Rule. The Trust believes that fees paid for the services provided in the Cash Management Service Plan and described above are not expenses incurred primarily for effecting the distribution of ILA Cash Management Shares. However, should such payments be deemed by a court or the SEC to be distribution expenses, such payments would be duly authorized by the Cash Management Service Plan.
Conflict of interest restrictions (including the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) may apply to a service organization’s receipt of compensation paid by the Trust in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in ILA Cash Management Shares. Service organizations, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or State Securities Commissions, are urged to consult legal advisers before investing fiduciary assets in ILA Cash Management Shares. In addition, under some state securities laws, banks and other financial institutions purchasing ILA Cash Management Shares on behalf of their customers may be required to register as dealers.
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APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Short-Term Credit Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s short-term issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Standard & Poor’s for short-term issues:
“A-1” – Obligations are rated in the highest category and indicate that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
“A-2” – The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. Obligations are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in the highest rating category.
“A-3” – Obligor has adequate capacity to meet its financial obligations. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“B” – An obligation is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “B”. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“C” – Obligations are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “C” rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar actions taken but payments on this obligation are being continued.
“R” – An obligor rated “R” is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others.
“D” – Obligor has failed to pay one or more of its financial obligations (rated or unrated) when it came due. The “D” rating category is used when the default will be a general default and the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An “SD” rating is assigned when the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner.
“N.R.” – An issuer designated N.R. is not rated.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks — Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key
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factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign Currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.
Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moody’s employs the following:
“P-1” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“P-2” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“P-3” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“NP” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) short-term ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency. A short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for U.S. public finance in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:
“F1” – Securities possess the highest credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
“F2” – Securities possess good credit quality. This designation indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
“F3” – Securities possess fair credit quality. This designation indicates that the capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.
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“B” – Securities possess speculative credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
“C” – Securities possess high default risk. Default is a real possibility. This designation indicates a capacity for meeting financial commitments which is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
“RD” – Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other obligations.
“D” – Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
“NR” – This designation indicates that Fitch does not publicly rate the issuer or issue in question.
“Withdrawn” – A rating is withdrawn when Fitch deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced, or for any other reason Fitch deems sufficient.
The following summarizes the ratings used by Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (“DBRS”) for commercial paper and short-term debt:
“R-1 (high)” — Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality, and indicates an entity possessing an unquestioned ability to repay current liabilities as they fall due. Entities rated in this category normally maintain strong liquidity positions, conservative debt levels, and profitability that is both stable and above average. Companies achieving an “R-1 (high)” rating are normally leaders in structurally sound industry segments with proven track records, sustainable positive future results and no substantial qualifying negative factors. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for an “R-1 (high)”, few entities are strong enough to achieve this rating.
“R-1 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality and, in most cases, ratings in this category differ from “R-1 (high)” credits by only a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for the “R-1 (high)” category, entities rated “R-1 (middle)” are also considered strong credits, and typically exemplify above average strength in key areas of consideration for the timely repayment of short-term liabilities.
“R-1 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of satisfactory credit quality. The overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt and profitability ratios are not normally as favorable as with higher rating categories, but these considerations are still respectable. Any qualifying negative factors that exist are considered manageable, and the entity is normally of sufficient size to have some influence in its industry.
“R-2 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The ability to repay obligations as they mature remains acceptable, although the overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt, and profitability ratios is not as strong as credits rated in the “R-1 (low)” category. Relative to the latter category, other shortcomings often
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include areas such as stability, financial flexibility, and the relative size and market position of the entity within its industry.
“R-2 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. Relative to the “R-2 (high)” category, entities rated “R-2 (middle)” typically have some combination of higher volatility, weaker debt or liquidity positions, lower future cash flow capabilities, or hold a weaker industry position. Ratings in this category would also be more vulnerable to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
“R-2 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be of only adequate credit quality, one step up from being speculative. While not yet defined as speculative, the “R-2 (low)” category signifies that although repayment is still expected, the certainty of repayment could be impacted by a variety of possible adverse developments, many of which would be outside of the issuer’s control. Entities in this area often have limited access to capital markets and may also have limitations in securing alternative sources of liquidity, particularly during periods of weak economic conditions.
“R-3 (high),” “R-3 (middle),” “R-3 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-3” is speculative, and within the three sub-set grades, the capacity for timely repayment ranges from mildly speculative to doubtful. “R-3” credits tend to have weak liquidity and debt ratios, and the future trend of these ratios is also unclear. Due to its speculative nature, companies with “R-3” ratings would normally have very limited access to alternative sources of liquidity. Earnings and cash flow would typically be very unstable, and the level of overall profitability of the entity is also likely to be low. The industry environment may be weak, and strong negative qualifying factors are also likely to be present.
“D” – A security rated “D” implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment or the issuer has made it clear that it will be missing such a payment in the near future. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a “D” rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the “D” rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is suspended, discontinued, or reinstated by DBRS.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
The following summarizes the ratings used by Standard & Poor’s for long-term issues:
“AAA” – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
“AA” – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
“A” – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
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“BBB” – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC,” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
“BB” – An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“B” – An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“CCC” – An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“CC” – An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
“C” – The “C” rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action has been taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued.
“D” – An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-) – The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
“N.R.” – Not rated.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks — Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay Foreign Currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign Currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.
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The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:
“Aaa” – Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
“Aa” – Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
“A” – Obligations rated “A” are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
“Baa” – Obligations rated “Baa” are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
“Ba” – Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
“B” – Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
“Caa” – Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
“Ca” – Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
“C” – Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:
“AAA” – Securities considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
“AA” – Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
“A” – Securities considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
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“BBB” – Securities considered to be investment grade and of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that there are currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.
“BB” – Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.
“B” – Securities considered to be highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
“CCC,” “CC” and “C” – Securities have high default risk. Default is a real possibility, and capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic developments. A “CC” rating indicates that default of some kind appears probable. “C” ratings signal imminent default.
“RD” – Indicates an entity has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.
“D” – Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” category or to categories below “CCC”.
“NR” indicates that Fitch does not rate the issuer or issue in question.
The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:
“AAA” — Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality, with exceptionally strong protection for the timely repayment of principal and interest. Earnings are considered stable, the structure of the industry in which the entity operates is strong, and the outlook for future profitability is favorable. There are few qualifying factors present which would detract from the performance of the entity. The strength of liquidity and coverage ratios is unquestioned and the entity has established a creditable track record of superior performance. Given the extremely high standard which DBRS has set for this category, few entities are able to achieve a “AAA” rating.
“AA” – Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality, and protection of interest and principal is considered high. In many cases they differ from long-term debt rated “AAA” only to a small degree. Given the extremely restrictive definition DBRS has for the “AAA” category, entities rated “AA” are also considered to be strong credits, typically exemplifying above-average strength in key areas of consideration and unlikely to be significantly affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
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“A” – Long-term debt rated “A” is of satisfactory credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is still substantial, but the degree of strength is less than that of “AA” rated entities. While “A” is a respectable rating, entities in this category are considered to be more susceptible to adverse economic conditions and have greater cyclical tendencies than higher-rated securities.
“BBB” – Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is considered acceptable, but the entity is fairly susceptible to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions, or there may be other adverse conditions present which reduce the strength of the entity and its rated securities.
“BB” – Long-term debt rated “BB” is defined to be speculative and non investment-grade, where the degree of protection afforded interest and principal is uncertain, particularly during periods of economic recession. Entities in the “BB” range typically have limited access to capital markets and additional liquidity support. In many cases, deficiencies in critical mass, diversification, and competitive strength are additional negative considerations.
“B” – Long-term debt rated “B” is highly speculative and there is a reasonably high level of uncertainty as to the ability of the entity to pay interest and principal on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity.
“CCC”, CC” and “C” –Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is very highly speculative and is in danger of default of interest and principal. The degree of adverse elements present is more severe than long-term debt rated “B.” Long-term debt rated below “B” often has characteristics which, if not remedied, may lead to default. In practice, there is little difference between these categories, with “CC” and “C” normally used for lower ranking debt of companies for which the senior debt is rated in the “CCC” to “B” range.
“D” – A security rated “D” implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment of interest or principal or that the issuer has made it clear that it will miss such a payment in the near future. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a “D” rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the “D” rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is suspended, discontinued or reinstated by DBRS.
(“high”, “low”) – Each rating category is denoted by the subcategories “high” and “low”. The absence of either a “high” or “low” designation indicates the rating is in the “middle” of the category. The “AAA” and “D” categories do not utilize “high”, “middle”, and “low” as differential grades.
Municipal Note Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:
| • | | Amortization schedule – the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
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| • | | Source of payment – the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. |
Note rating symbols are as follows:
“SP-1” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service are given a plus (+) designation.
“SP-2” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
“SP-3” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody’s uses three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and are divided into three levels – “MIG-1” through “MIG-3”. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated “SG”, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for these short-term obligations:
“MIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
“MIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
�� “MIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned; a long- or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” rating.
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated “NR”, e.g., “Aaa/NR” or “NR/VMIG-1”.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
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“VMIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Fitch uses the same ratings for municipal securities as described above for other short-term credit ratings.
About Credit Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s issuer credit rating is a current opinion of an obligor’s overall capacity (its creditworthiness) to pay its financial obligations. This opinion focuses on the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due. It does not apply to any specific financial obligation, as it does take into account the nature of and provisions of the obligation, its standing in bankruptcy or liquidation, statutory preferences, or the legality and enforceability of the obligation. In addition, it does not take into account the creditworthiness of the guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation. The issuer’s rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation issued by an obligor, as it does not comment on market price or suitability for a particular investor.
Moody’s credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not as statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.
Fitch credit ratings are an opinion on the relative ability of an entity’s financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money back in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit-ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supra-national and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
DBRS credit ratings are not buy, hold or sell recommendations, but rather the result of qualitative and quantitative analysis focusing solely on the credit quality of the issuer and its underlying obligations.
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APPENDIX B
2005 ISS PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY
The following is a concise summary of the ISS proxy voting policy guidelines for 2005.
1. Auditors
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals on auditor rotation, taking into account these factors:
• | | Tenure of the audit firm |
|
• | | Establishment and disclosure of a renewal process whereby the auditor is regularly evaluated for both audit quality and competitive price |
|
• | | Length of the rotation period advocated in the proposal |
|
• | | Significant audit-related issues |
|
• | | Number of audit committee meetings held each year |
|
• | | Number of financial experts serving on the committee |
2. Board of Directors
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Generally, vote CASE-BY-CASE. But WITHHOLD votes from:
• | | Insiders and affiliated outsiders on boards that are not at least majority independent |
|
• | | Directors who sit on more than six boards, or on more than two public boards in addition to their own if they are CEOs of public companies |
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• | | Directors who adopt a poison pill without shareholder approval since the company’s last annual meeting and there is no requirement to put the pill to shareholder vote within 12 months of its adoption |
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• | | Directors who serve on the compensation committee when there is a negative correlation between chief executive pay and company performance (fiscal year end basis) |
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• | | Directors who have failed to address the issue(s) that resulted in any of the directors receiving more than 50% withhold votes out of those cast at the previous board election |
Classification/Declassification of the Board
Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board.
Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.
Independent Chairman (Separate Chairman/CEO)
Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that the chairman and CEO positions be separated (independent chairman), unless the company has a strong countervailing governance structure, including a lead director, two-thirds independent board, all independent key committees, and established governance guidelines. Additionally, the company should not have underperformed its peers.
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Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Committees
Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the ISS definition of independence.
Open Access (shareholder resolution)
Vote CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into account the ownership threshold proposed in the resolution and the proponent’s rationale.
3. Shareholder Rights
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.
Vote FOR proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.
Vote FOR proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management.
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.
Vote FOR proposals to lower supermajority vote requirements.
Cumulative Voting
Vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.
Vote proposals to restore or permit cumulative voting on a CASE-BY-CASE basis relative to the company’s other governance provisions.
Confidential Voting
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that corporations adopt confidential voting, use independent vote tabulators and use independent inspectors of election. In proxy contests, support confidential voting proposals only if dissidents agree to the same policy that applies to management.
4. Proxy Contests
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Votes in a contested election of directors must be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the factors that include the long-term financial performance, management’s track record, qualifications of director nominees (both slates), and an evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders.
Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE. Where ISS recommends in favor of the dissidents, we also recommend voting for reimbursing proxy solicitation expenses.
5. Poison Pills
Vote FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison
pill for shareholder ratification. Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis shareholder proposals to redeem a company’s poison pill and management proposals to ratify a poison pill.
6. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and corporate restructurings based on such features as the fairness opinion, pricing, strategic rationale, and the negotiating process.
7. Reincorporation Proposals
Proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, and a comparison of the jurisdictional laws. Vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.
8. Capital Structure
Common Stock Authorization
Votes on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis using a model developed by ISS.
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote FOR proposals to approve increases beyond the allowable increase when a company’s shares are in danger of being delisted or if a company’s ability to continue to operate as a going concern is uncertain.
Dual-class Stock
Vote AGAINST proposals to create a new class of common stock with superior voting rights.
Vote FOR proposals to create a new class of nonvoting or subvoting common stock if:
• | | It is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current shareholders |
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• | | It is not designed to preserve the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder |
9. Executive and Director Compensation
ISS applies a quantitative methodology, but for Russell 3000 companies will also apply a pay-for-performance overlay in assessing equity-based compensation plans.
Vote AGAINST a plan if the cost exceeds the allowable cap.
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Vote FOR a plan if the cost is reasonable (below the cap) unless any of the following conditions apply:
• | | The plan expressly permits repricing of underwater options without shareholder approval; or |
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• | | There is a disconnect between the CEO’s pay and performance (an increase in pay and a decrease in performance), the main source for the pay increase is equity-based, and the CEO participates in the plan being voted on |
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• | | The company’s most recent three-year burn rate is excessive and is an outlier within its peer group |
A company that has triggered the burn rate policy may avoid an AGAINST vote recommendation, if it commits to meet the industry average burn rate over the next three years. The above general voting guidelines for pay for performance may change if the compensation committee members can demonstrate improved performance in an additional public filing such as a DEFA 14A or 8K. To demonstrate improved performance, committee members should review all components of a CEO’s compensation and prepare a tally sheet with dollar amounts under various payout scenarios. The committee should also have the sole authority to hire and fire outside compensation consultants.
Director Compensation
Before recommending a vote FOR a director equity plan, ISS will review the company’s proxy statement for the following qualitative features:
• | | Stock ownership guidelines (a minimum of three times the annual cash retainer) |
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• | | Vesting schedule or mandatory holding/deferral period (minimum vesting of three years for stock options or restricted stock) |
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• | | Balanced mix between cash and equity |
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• | | Non-employee directors should not receive retirement benefits/perquisites |
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• | | Detailed disclosure of cash and equity compensation for each director |
Management Proposals Seeking Approval to Reprice Options
Votes on management proposals seeking approval to reprice options are evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis giving consideration to the following:
• | | Historic trading patterns |
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• | | Rationale for the repricing |
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• | | Value-for-value exchange |
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• | | Option vesting |
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• | | Term of the option |
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• | | Exercise price |
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• | | Participation |
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• | | Treatment of surrendered options |
Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Vote on qualified employee stock purchase plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR qualified employee stock purchase plans where all of the following apply:
• | | Purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value |
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• | | Offering period is 27 months or less, and |
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• | | Potential voting power dilution (VPD) is 10 percent or less. |
Vote AGAINST qualified employee stock purchase plans where any of the opposite conditions occur.
Nonqualified Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Vote on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR nonqualified plans with all the following features:
• | | Broad-based participation |
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• | | Limits on employee contribution (a fixed dollar amount or a percentage of base salary) |
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• | | Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employee’s contribution, which is effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value |
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• | | No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching contribution |
Vote AGAINST nonqualified employee stock purchase plans if they do not meet the above criteria.
Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
Generally vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long term corporate outlook. But generally vote FOR shareholder proposals that:
• | | Advocate the use of performance-based awards like indexed, premium-priced, and performance-vested options or performance-based shares, unless the proposal is overly restrictive or the company already substantially uses such awards. |
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• | | Call for a shareholder vote on extraordinary benefits contained in Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs). |
10. Social and Environmental Issues
These issues cover a wide range of topics, including consumer and public safety, environment and energy, general corporate issues, labor standards and human rights, military business, and workplace diversity.
In general, vote CASE-BY-CASE. While a wide variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principal guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal will enhance the economic value of the company.
Vote:
• | | FOR proposals for the company to amend its Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Statement to include reference to sexual orientation, unless the change would result in excessive costs for the company. |
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• | | AGAINST resolutions asking for the adopting of voluntary labeling of ingredients or asking for companies to label until a phase out of such ingredients has been completed. |
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• | | CASE-BY-CASE on proposals calling for companies to report on the risks associated with outsourcing, with consideration of the risks associated with certain international markets, the utility of such a report to shareholders, and the existence of a publicly available code of corporate conduct that applies to international operations. |
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APPENDIX C
BUSINESS PRINCIPLES OF GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.
Goldman Sachs is noted for its Business Principles, which guide all of the firm’s activities and serve as the basis for its distinguished reputation among investors worldwide.
Our client’s interests always come first. Our experience shows that if we serve our clients well, our own success will follow.
Our assets are our people, capital and reputation. If any of these is ever diminished, the last is the most difficult to restore. We are dedicated to complying fully with the letter and spirit of the laws, rules and ethical principles that govern us. Our continued success depends upon unswerving adherence to this standard.
We take great pride in the professional quality of our work. We have an uncompromising determination to achieve excellence in everything we undertake. Though we may be involved in a wide variety and heavy volume of activity, we would, if it came to a choice, rather be best than biggest.
We stress creativity and imagination in everything we do. While recognizing that the old way may still be the best way, we constantly strive to find a better solution to a client’s problems. We pride ourselves on having pioneered many of the practices and techniques that have become standard in the industry.
We make an unusual effort to identify and recruit the very best person for every job. Although our activities are measured in billions of dollars, we select our people one by one. In a service business, we know that without the best people, we cannot be the best firm.
We offer our people the opportunity to move ahead more rapidly than is possible at most other places. We have yet to find limits to the responsibility that our best people are able to assume. Advancement depends solely on ability, performance and contribution to the Firm’s success, without regard to race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, or any other impermissible criterion or circumstance.
We stress teamwork in everything we do. While individual creativity is always encouraged, we have found that team effort often produces the best results. We have no room for those who put their personal interests ahead of the interests of the Firm and its clients.
The dedication of our people to the Firm and the intense effort they give their jobs are greater than one finds in most other organizations. We think that this is an important part of our success.
Our profits are a key to our success. They replenish our capital and attract and keep our best people. It is our practice to share our profits generously with all who helped create them. Profitability is crucial to our future.
We consider our size an asset that we try hard to preserve. We want to be big enough to undertake the largest project that any of our clients could contemplate, yet small enough to maintain the loyalty, the intimacy and the esprit de corps that we all treasure and that contribute greatly to our success.
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We constantly strive to anticipate the rapidly changing needs of our clients and to develop new services to meet those needs. We know that the world of finance will not stand still and that complacency can lead to extinction.
We regularly receive confidential information as part of our normal client relationships. To breach a confidence or to use confidential information improperly or carelessly would be unthinkable.
Our business is highly competitive, and we aggressively seek to expand our client relationships. However, we must always be fair to competitors and must never denigrate other firms.
Integrity and honesty are the heart of our business. We expect our people to maintain high ethical standards in everything they do, both in their work for the firm and in their personal lives.
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Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s History of Excellence
1869
Is founded by Marcus Goldman
1882
Becomes a private partnership when Samuel Sachs joins the firm
1896
Joins New York Stock Exchange
1906
Takes Sears public
1925
Finances Warner Brothers to develop sound in movies
1933-69
Senior Partner Sidney J. Weinberg serves as adviser to five presidents: Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson
1956
Co-manages Ford’s initial public offering, the largest IPO to date
1985
Senior Partner John C. Whitehead named Deputy Secretary of State
1986
Takes Microsoft public
1988
Goldman Sachs Asset Management (GSAM) is established, formalizing the asset management capability that Goldman Sachs initiated in 1981 by managing money market funds for institutional clients; 50 employees
1990s
Investment Banking Division is #1 in M&A for seven years in the 1990s
1995
Senior Partner Robert E. Rubin named Treasury Secretary
1996
GSAM acquires CIN Management ($23 B)
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1997
Launches web site that delivers trading ideas, research reports, and analytical tools to clients worldwide
GSAM acquires Commodities Corp. ($1.6 B in Hedge Fund assets); Acquires Liberty Investment Management ($6B in growth assets)
1998
Takes ebay public
1999
Goldman, Sachs & Co. becomes a public company
2001
GSAM AUM pass $300B mark
2002
Advises and services 45% of the Forbes 400 1
Growth Team is awarded the year’s single largest U.S. institutional mandate
2003
Acquires The Ayco Company, L.P.; Announces it will combine Australian operation with JBWere to form Goldman Sachs JBWere
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1. | | Source: Forbes.com, October 2003. Reprinted by permission of Forbes Magazine© 2004 Forbes Inc |
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