Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Aug. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CHS and all of our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and limited liability companies, which is primarily National Cooperative Refinery Association (NCRA), included in our Energy segment. The effects of all significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. |
Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash Equivalents |
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Cash equivalents includes short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition. |
Inventories | ' |
Inventories |
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Grain, processed grain, oilseed, processed oilseed and other minimally processed soy-based inventories are stated at net realizable values which approximate market values. All other inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Costs for inventories produced or modified by us through a manufacturing process include fixed and variable production and raw material costs, and in-bound freight costs for raw materials. Costs for inventories purchased for resale include the cost of products and freight incurred to place the products at our points of sale. The costs of certain energy inventories (wholesale refined products, crude oil and asphalt) are determined on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method; all other inventories of non-grain products purchased for resale are valued on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) and average cost methods. |
Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities |
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Our derivative instruments primarily consist of commodity and freight futures and forward contracts and, to a lesser degree, may include foreign currency and interest rate swap contracts. These contracts are economic hedges of price risk, but are not designated or accounted for as hedging instruments for accounting purposes, with the exception of certain interest rate swap contracts which are accounted for as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. Derivative instruments are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. See Note 12, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities and Note 13, Fair Value Measurements for additional information. |
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Even though we have netting arrangements for our exchange-traded futures and options contracts and certain over-the-counter (OTC) contracts, we report our derivatives on a gross basis on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our associated margin deposits are also reported on a gross basis. |
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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities |
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Our derivative instruments primarily consist of commodity and freight futures and forward contracts and, to a minor degree, may include foreign currency and interest rate swap contracts. These contracts are economic hedges of price risk, but are not designated or accounted for as hedging instruments for accounting purposes, with the exception of certain interest rate swap contracts which are accounted for as cash flow or fair value hedges as described below. Derivative instruments are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values as described in Note 13, Fair Value Measurements. |
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The following tables present the gross amounts of derivative assets, derivative liabilities, and margin deposits (cash collateral) recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets along with the related amounts permitted to be offset in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have elected not to offset derivative assets and liabilities when we have the right of offset under ASC Topic 210-20, Balance Sheet - Offsetting; or when the instruments are subject to master netting arrangements under ASC Topic 815-10-45, Derivatives and Hedging - Overall. |
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| August 31, 2014 |
| | | Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting | | |
| Gross Amounts Recognized | | Cash Collateral | | Derivative Instruments | | Net Amounts |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Derivative Assets: | | | | | | | |
Commodity and freight derivatives | $ | 597,210 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 42,229 | | | $ | 554,981 | |
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Foreign exchange derivatives | 2,523 | | | — | | | 1,174 | | | 1,349 | |
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Interest rate derivatives - hedge | 4,200 | | | — | | | — | | | 4,200 | |
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Total | $ | 603,933 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 43,403 | | | $ | 560,530 | |
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Derivative Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Commodity and freight derivatives | $ | 597,612 | | | $ | 2,504 | | | $ | 42,229 | | | $ | 552,879 | |
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Foreign exchange derivatives | 2,248 | | | — | | | 1,174 | | | 1,074 | |
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Interest rate derivatives - non-hedge | 130 | | | — | | | — | | | 130 | |
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Total | $ | 599,990 | | | $ | 2,504 | | | $ | 43,403 | | | $ | 554,083 | |
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| August 31, 2013 |
| | | Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting | | |
| Gross Amounts Recognized | | Cash Collateral | | Derivative Instruments | | Net Amounts |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Derivative Assets: | | | | | | | |
Commodity and freight derivatives | $ | 468,673 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 53,107 | | | $ | 415,566 | |
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Foreign exchange derivatives | 7,079 | | | — | | | 957 | | | 6,122 | |
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Interest rate derivatives - hedge | 24,135 | | | — | | | — | | | 24,135 | |
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Interest rate derivatives - non-hedge | 3 | | | — | | | 3 | | | — | |
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Total | $ | 499,890 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 54,067 | | | $ | 445,823 | |
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Derivative Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Commodity and freight derivatives | $ | 458,893 | | | $ | 1,591 | | | $ | 53,107 | | | $ | 404,195 | |
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Foreign exchange derivatives | 5,925 | | | — | | | 957 | | | 4,968 | |
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Interest rate derivatives - non-hedge | 248 | | | — | | | 3 | | | 245 | |
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Total | $ | 465,066 | | | $ | 1,591 | | | $ | 54,067 | | | $ | 409,408 | |
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Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |
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The majority of our derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The following table sets forth the pretax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments that have been included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended August 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012. |
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| Location of | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | |
Gain (Loss) | | |
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Commodity and freight derivatives | Cost of goods sold | | $ | 210,164 | | | $ | (482,352 | ) | | $ | 311,167 | | | |
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Foreign exchange derivatives | Cost of goods sold | | (5,595 | ) | | (452 | ) | | (5,219 | ) | | |
Interest rate derivatives | Interest, net | | 114 | | | 300 | | | 206 | | | |
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Total | | | $ | 204,683 | | | $ | (482,504 | ) | | $ | 306,154 | | | |
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Commodity and Freight Contracts: |
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When we enter into a commodity or freight purchase or sales contract, we incur risks related to price changes and performance (including delivery, quality, quantity, and counterparty credit). We are exposed to risk of loss in the market value of positions held, consisting of inventory and purchase contracts at a fixed or partially fixed price in the event market prices decrease. We are also exposed to risk of loss on fixed or partially fixed price sales contracts in the event market prices increase. |
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Our commodity contracts primarily relate to grain, oilseed, energy (crude, refined products and propane) and fertilizer commodities. Our freight contracts primarily relate to rail, barge and ocean freight transactions. Our use of commodity and freight contracts reduces the effects of price volatility, thereby protecting us against adverse short-term price movements, while limiting the benefits of short-term price movements. To reduce the price change risks associated with holding fixed price commitments, we generally take opposite and offsetting positions by entering into commodity futures contracts or options in order to arrive at a net commodity position within the formal position limits we have established and deemed prudent for each commodity. These contracts are purchased and sold through regulated commodity futures exchanges for grain, and regulated mercantile exchanges for refined products and crude oil. We also use OTC instruments to hedge our exposure to price fluctuations on commodities and fixed price arrangements. The price risk we encounter for crude oil and most of the grain and oilseed volumes we handle can be hedged. Price risk associated with fertilizer and certain grains cannot be hedged with futures because there are no futures for these commodities and, as a result, risk is managed through the use of forward sales contracts and other pricing arrangements and, to some extent, cross-commodity futures hedging. Certain fertilizer and propane contracts are accounted for as normal purchase and normal sales transactions. We expect all normal purchase and normal sales transactions to result in physical settlement. |
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When a futures contract is entered into, an initial margin deposit must be sent to the applicable exchange or broker. The amount of the deposit is set by the exchange and varies by commodity. If the market price of a short futures contract increases, then an additional maintenance margin deposit would be required. Similarly, if the price of a long futures contract decreases, a maintenance margin deposit would be required and sent to the applicable exchange. Subsequent price changes could require additional maintenance margins or could result in the return of maintenance margins. |
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Our policy is to primarily maintain hedged positions in grain and oilseed. Our profitability from operations is primarily derived from margins on products sold and grain merchandised, not from hedging transactions. At any one time, inventory and purchase contracts for delivery to us may be substantial. Our risk management policies and procedures include net position limits. These limits are defined for each commodity and include both trader and management limits. The policy and procedures in our grain marketing operations require a review by operations management when any trader is outside of position limits and also a review by senior management if operating areas are outside of position limits. A similar process is used in energy and wholesale crop nutrients operations. Position limits are reviewed, at least annually, with management and the Board of Directors. We monitor current market conditions and may expand or reduce our net position limits or procedures in response to changes in conditions. In addition, all purchase and sales contracts are subject to credit approvals and appropriate terms and conditions. |
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Hedging arrangements do not protect against nonperformance by counterparties to contracts. We primarily use exchange traded instruments which minimize exposure to counterparties' nonperformance. We evaluate exposure by reviewing contracts and adjusting the values to reflect potential nonperformance. Risk of nonperformance by counterparties includes the inability to perform because of the counterparty’s financial condition and also the risk that the counterparty will refuse to perform on a contract during periods of price fluctuations where contract prices are significantly different than current market prices. We manage risks by entering into fixed price purchase and sales contracts with preapproved producers and by establishing appropriate limits for individual suppliers. Fixed price contracts are entered into with customers of acceptable creditworthiness, as internally evaluated. Historically, we have not experienced significant events of nonperformance on open contracts. Accordingly, we only adjust the estimated fair values of specifically identified contracts for nonperformance. Although we have established policies and procedures, we make no assurances that historical nonperformance experience will carry forward to future periods. |
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As of August 31, 2014 and 2013, we had the following outstanding purchase and sale contracts: |
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| 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | |
| Purchase | | Sale | | Purchase | | Sale | | | | | | |
Contracts | Contracts | Contracts | Contracts | | | | | | |
| (Units in thousands) | | | | | | |
Grain and oilseed - bushels | 665,690 | | | 938,140 | | 521,979 | | | 806,295 | | | | | | |
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Energy products - barrels | 27,754 | | | 50,450 | | 12,626 | | | 21,312 | | | | | | |
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Soy products - tons | 37 | | | 1,212 | | 24 | | | 847 | | | | | | |
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Crop nutrients - tons | 1,613 | | | 1,607 | | 968 | | | 1,050 | | | | | | |
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Ocean and barge freight - metric tons | 5,423 | | | 4,005 | | 1,225 | | | 151 | | | | | | |
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Rail freight - rail cars | 321 | | | 186 | | 220 | | | 43 | | | | | | |
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Livestock - pounds | — | | | 46,280 | | — | | | 17,280 | | | | | | |
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Foreign Exchange Contracts: |
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We conduct essentially all of our business in U.S. dollars, except for some grain marketing transactions primarily in South America and Europe, and purchases of products from Canada. We had minimal risk regarding foreign currency fluctuations during fiscal 2014 and in prior years, as substantially all international sales were denominated in U.S. dollars. From time to time, we enter into foreign currency futures contracts to mitigate currency fluctuations. Foreign currency fluctuations do, however, impact the ability of foreign buyers to purchase U.S. agricultural products and the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural products compared to the same products offered by alternative sources of world supply. As of August 31, 2014, we had $2.5 million included in derivative assets and $2.2 million included in derivative liabilities associated with foreign currency contracts. |
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Interest Rate Contracts: |
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CHS Capital, our wholly-owned finance subsidiary, has interest rate swaps that lock the interest rates of the underlying loans with a combined notional amount of $5.0 million expiring at various times through fiscal 2018, with $0.4 million of the notional amount expiring during fiscal 2015. None of CHS Capital’s interest rate swaps qualify for hedge accounting and as a result, changes in fair value are recorded in earnings within interest, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Long-term debt used to finance non-current assets carries various fixed interest rates and is payable at various dates to minimize the effects of market interest rate changes. The weighted-average interest rate on fixed rate debt outstanding on August 31, 2014 was approximately 5.6%. |
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Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedging Strategies |
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As of August 31, 2014 and 2013, we have certain derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. As of August 31, 2014 we have certain derivatives designated as fair value hedges. |
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Interest Rate Contracts: |
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In fiscal 2013, we entered into derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments that were terminated in February 2014 as the issuance of the underlying debt was no longer probable. As a result, a $13.5 million gain was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net income. This pre-tax gain is included as a component of interest, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended August 31, 2014. |
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In fiscal 2014, we entered into interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $260.0 million designated as fair value hedges of portions of our fixed-rate debt. Our objective is to offset changes in the fair value of the debt associated with the risk of variability in the 3-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR interest rate, in essence converting the fixed-rate debt to variable-rate debt. Offsetting changes in the fair values of both the swap instruments and the hedged debt are recorded contemporaneously each period and only create an impact to earnings to the extent that the hedge is ineffective. During fiscal 2014 we recorded offsetting fair value adjustments of $4.2 million, with no ineffectiveness recorded in earnings. |
Margin Deposits | ' |
Many of our derivative contracts with futures and options brokers require us to make both initial margin deposits of cash or other assets and subsequent deposits, depending on changes in commodity prices, in order to comply with applicable regulations. Our margin deposit assets are held by external brokers in segregated accounts and will be used to settle the associated derivative contracts on their specified settlement dates. |
Investments | ' |
Investments |
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Joint ventures and other investments, in which we have significant ownership and influence, but not control, are accounted for in our consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. Investments in other cooperatives are stated at cost, plus patronage dividends received in the form of capital stock and other equities. Patronage dividends are recorded as a reduction to cost of goods sold at the time qualified written notices of allocation are received. Investments in other debt and equity securities are considered available for sale financial instruments and are stated at fair value, with unrealized amounts included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Investments in debt and equity instruments are carried at amounts that approximate fair values. Investments in joint ventures and cooperatives have no quoted market prices. |
Property, Plant and Equipment | ' |
Property, Plant and Equipment |
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Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided on the straight-line method by charges to operations at rates based upon the expected useful lives of individual or groups of assets (15 to 20 years for land and land improvements; 20 to 40 years for buildings; 5 to 20 years for machinery and equipment; and 3 to 10 years for office and other). The cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization of assets sold or otherwise disposed of are removed from the related accounts and resulting gains or losses are reflected in operations. Expenditures for maintenance and minor repairs and renewals are expensed, while costs of major repairs and betterments are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of time estimated to lapse until the next major repair occurs. We also capitalize and amortize eligible costs to acquire or develop internal-use software that are incurred during the application development stage. |
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Property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets are reviewed in order to assess recoverability based on projected income and related cash flows on an undiscounted basis when triggering events occur. Should the sum of the expected future net cash flows be less than the carrying value, an impairment loss would be recognized. An impairment loss would be measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. |
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We have asset retirement obligations with respect to certain of our refineries and other assets due to various legal obligations to clean and/or dispose of the component parts at the time they are retired. In most cases, these assets can be used for extended and indeterminate periods of time, as long as they are properly maintained and/or upgraded. It is our practice and current intent to maintain refineries and related assets and to continue making improvements to those assets based on technological advances. As a result, we believe our refineries and related assets have indeterminate lives for purposes of estimating asset retirement obligations because dates or ranges of dates upon which we would retire a refinery and related assets cannot reasonably be estimated at this time. When a date or range of dates can reasonably be estimated for the retirement of any component part of a refinery or other asset, we will estimate the cost of performing the retirement activities and record a liability for the fair value of that future cost. |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | ' |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets |
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Goodwill and other intangible assets are included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if impairment conditions arise; and, if impaired, are written down to fair value. For goodwill, annual impairment testing occurs in our third quarter. Other intangible assets consist primarily of customer lists, trademarks and agreements not to compete. Intangible assets subject to amortization are expensed over their respective useful lives (ranging from 2 to 30 years). We have no material intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. |
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We made certain immaterial acquisitions during the three years ended August 31, 2014, which were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Operating results of the acquisitions were included in our consolidated financial statements since the respective acquisition dates. The respective purchase prices were allocated to the assets, liabilities and identifiable intangible assets acquired based upon the estimated fair values. The excess purchase prices over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired have been reported as goodwill. |
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In our Energy segment, major maintenance activities (turnarounds) at the two refineries are accounted for under the deferral method. Turnarounds are the scheduled and required shutdowns of refinery processing units. The costs related to the significant overhaul and refurbishment activities include materials and direct labor costs. The costs of turnarounds are deferred when incurred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of time estimated to lapse until the next turnaround occurs, which is generally 2 to 4 years. Amortization expense related to turnaround costs is included in cost of goods sold in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The selection of the deferral method, as opposed to expensing the turnaround costs when incurred, results in deferring recognition of the turnaround expenditures. The deferral method also results in the classification of the related cash outflows as investing activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, whereas expensing these costs as incurred, would result in classifying the cash outflows as operating activities. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
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We provide a wide variety of products and services, from production agricultural inputs such as fuels, farm supplies and crop nutrients, to agricultural outputs that include grain and oilseed, processed grains and oilseeds and food products. We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. Grain and oilseed sales are recorded after the commodity has been delivered to its destination and final weights, grades and settlement prices have been agreed upon. All other sales are recognized upon transfer of title, which could occur either upon shipment to or receipt by the customer, depending upon the terms of the transaction. Amounts billed to a customer as part of a sales transaction related to shipping and handling are included in revenues. |
Environmental Expenditures | ' |
Environmental Expenditures |
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Liabilities, including legal costs, related to remediation of contaminated properties are recognized when the related costs are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of environmental costs are based on current available facts, existing technology, undiscounted site-specific costs and currently enacted laws and regulations. Recoveries, if any, are recorded in the period in which recovery is received. Liabilities are monitored and adjusted as new facts or changes in law or technology occur. Environmental expenditures are capitalized when such costs provide future economic benefits. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
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CHS is a nonexempt agricultural cooperative and files a consolidated federal income tax return with our 80% or more owned subsidiaries. We are subject to tax on income from nonpatronage sources, non-qualified patronage distributions and undistributed patronage-sourced income. Income tax expense is primarily the current tax payable for the period and the change during the period in certain deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for federal and state income tax purposes, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU No. 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires an entity to disclose sufficient qualitative and quantitative information surrounding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts from customers. This ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. The amendments in this standard are effective beginning with our fiscal year starting September 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements in fiscal 2018. |
Fair Value Measurement, Policy | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
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ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. |
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We determine fair values of readily marketable inventories, derivative contracts and certain other assets, based on the fair value hierarchy established in ASC Topic 820, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. ASC Topic 820 describes three levels within its hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value, and our assessment of relevant instruments within those levels is as follows: |
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Level 1: Values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. These assets and liabilities include exchange traded derivative contracts, Rabbi Trust investments, deferred compensation investments and available-for-sale investments. |
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Level 2: Values are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. These assets and liabilities include marketable inventories, interest rate swaps, forward commodity and freight purchase and sales contracts, flat price or basis fixed derivative contracts and other OTC derivatives whose value is determined with inputs that are based on exchange traded prices, adjusted for location specific inputs that are primarily observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. |
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Level 3: Values are generated from unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are a significant component of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These unobservable inputs would reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing related assets or liabilities. Valuation techniques might include the use of pricing models, discounted cash flow models or similar techniques. |
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The following table presents assets and liabilities, included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, and indicates the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair value. Assets and liabilities are classified, in their entirety, based on the lowest level of input that is a significant component of the fair value measurement. The lowest level of input is considered Level 3. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the classification of fair value assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy levels. |