Stock-based compensation plans | (4) Stock-based compensation plans Under the Company’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) there were 69,641 shares reserved and available for grant at April 1, 2017. There were 12,165 options exercised in 2017. The Plan, which is shareholder-approved, permits the grant of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”). SARs may be awarded either separately, or in relation to options granted, and for the grant of bonus shares. Options granted are exercisable at a price not less than fair market value on the date of grant. Stock options The Company estimated the fair values of its stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair values of stock options. Option valuation models, including the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, require the input of assumptions, including stock price volatility. Changes in the input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and ultimately how much the Company recognizes as stock-based compensation expense. The fair values of the Company’s stock options were estimated at the grant dates. The weighted average input assumptions used and resulting fair values of stock options at April 1, 2017, were as follows: April 1, 2017 Performance based stock options: Expected life (in years) 4.0 Risk-free interest rate 1.64 % Volatility 62.16 % Dividend yield 0.00 % Weighted-average fair value per share $ 8.38 Expected Life The expected term represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding. As the Company does not have sufficient historical evidence for determining the expected term of the stock option awards granted, the expected life assumption has been determined using the simplified method, which is an average of the contractual term of the option and its ordinary vesting period. Risk-free Interest Rate The Company bases the risk-free interest rate assumption on zero-coupon U.S. treasury instruments appropriate for the expected term of the stock option grants. Expected Volatility The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s common stock is estimated based on the historic volatility of the Company’s common stock for a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. Expected Dividend Yield The Company bases the expected dividend yield assumption on the fact that there is no present intention to pay cash dividends. Therefore an expected dividend yield of zero has been used. Performance-based awards Stock options: In December 2015, the Compensation Committee awarded performance-based equity compensation to nine executives and managers, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, consisting of 38,460 shares in the form of stock options. The performance options have an exercise price of $9.94 per share, representing the average of the highest intraday bid and ask quotes for the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, December 16, 2015, and the preceding four trading days. The performance options will vest subject to the Company meeting an earnings per share target applicable to fiscal year 2018 set by the Compensation Committee so long as the employee is then employed by the Company. The Company estimated the fair values of its stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The estimated fair value of the stock options on the date of the grant was $185,000 and is being recognized over the requisite service period of the award. The unrecognized compensation is being expensed over three years. The expense for these employee stock option grants was $14,394 and $28,818 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017, respectively. The expense for these employee stock option grants was $13,602 and $16,260 for the three and six-month periods ended April 2, 2016, respectively. In February 2017, the Compensation Committee awarded performance-based equity compensation to five executives and managers, consisting of 2,800 shares in the form of stock options. The performance options have an exercise price of $11.86 per share, representing the average of the highest intraday bid and ask quotes for the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, February 7, 2017, and the preceding four trading days. The performance options will vest on the later of the third anniversary of the grant date or the date the Compensation Committee determines that the Company has met the earnings per share target for fiscal year 2018. The Company estimated the fair values of its stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The estimated fair value of the stock options on the date of the grant was $7,000 and is being recognized over the requisite service period of the award. The unrecognized compensation is being expensed over three years. The expense for these employee stock option grants was $1,010 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017, respectively. A summary of performance-based option activity under the Plan as of April 1, 2017, and changes during the six months then ended, is presented below: Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of September 30, 2016 38,460 $ 9.94 4.21 $ - Granted 2,800 11.86 2.86 - Exercised - - - - Forfeited or Expired - - - - Outstanding at April 1, 2017 41,260 $ 10.07 3.79 $ - Exercisable - - - - Vested and expected to vest 38,301 $ 10.07 3.79 $ - Restricted stock: In December 2015, the Company granted 11,540 shares of restricted stock to four employees which will vest subject to the Company achieving the same earnings per share target applicable to fiscal year 2018 as for the stock options disclosed above, so long as the employee is then employed by the Company. The estimated fair value of the stock on the date of the grant was $116,000 based on the fair market value of stock on the date of issue. The unrecognized compensation is being expensed over three years. Management has assessed the performance criteria relating to these grants and concluded they are likely to be met. Accordingly, the relevant portion of the expense has been recorded through April 1, 2017. The expense for these restricted stock grants was $9,019 and $18,057 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017, respectively. The expense for these grants was $8,131 and $9,796 for the three and six-month periods ended April 2, 2016, respectively. In March 2017, the Company granted 80,000 shares of restricted stock to two executives, which will vest subject to the Company achieving one or both financial targets for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 fiscal years. The shares of restricted stock shall be divided into six equal tranches (two per year). The estimated fair value of the stock on the date of the grant was $1,106,534 based on the fair market value of stock on the date of issue. The unrecognized compensation is being expensed over three years. Management has assessed the performance criteria relating to these grants and concluded they are likely to be met. Accordingly, the relevant portion of the expense has been recorded through April 1, 2017. The expense for these restricted stock grants was $57,059 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017. Time-based awards Stock options: In August 2016, the Board of Directors awarded the Executive Chairman equity compensation consisting of stock options to purchase 56,700 shares. The options were granted in two tranches. The first tranche, consisting of 36,496 options with an exercise price of $10.93 per share, would vest in twelve substantially equal monthly installments beginning September 2016, and the second tranche, consisting of 20,204 options with an exercise price of $12.35 per share, would vest in twelve substantially equal monthly installments beginning September 2017, in each case so long as the director is in the position of Executive Chairman. The Company estimated the fair values of its stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The estimated fair value of the stock options on the date of the grant was $211,000. The Executive Chairman position was terminated on December 6, 2016, as a result of which 12,165 vested options were exercisable for three months, and all un-vested options expired. On February 7, 2017 the director exercised 12,165 options via a cashless exercise in which 8,474 shares were surrendered to pay the exercise price. In the three months ended April 1, 2017 there was a reversal of expense of $9,694 and in the six months ended April 1, 2017 there was an expense of $20,890, in respect of these stock options grants. A summary of time-based option activity under the Plan as of April 1, 2017, and changes during the six months then ended, is presented below: Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at September 30, 2016 12,165 $ 10.93 4.08 $ - Granted - - - - Exercised (12,165 ) (10.93 ) - - Outstanding at April 1, 2017 - $ - - $ - Exercisable - - - - Vested - $ - - $ - Restricted stock: In February 2016, the Company granted 29,700 shares of restricted stock, representing 3,300 shares to each of the non-employee directors and the then emeritus directors of the Company, 26,400 of which vested on the day before the 2017 annual general meeting. The aggregate fair value of the stock measured on the date of the grant was $292,000 based on the closing sale price of the stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense was recognized on a straight-line basis over the twelve-month period to February 2017. The expense for these restricted stock grants was $43,208 and $108,020 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017, respectively. The expense for these restricted stock grants was $21,604 for the three and six-month periods ended April 2, 2016. In February 2017, the Company granted 145,000 shares of restricted stock to eleven employees, which will vest one-third each year on the third business day after the announcement of the Company’s results for the first quarter of fiscal 2018, 2019 and 2020. The aggregate fair value of the stock measured on the date of the grant was $2,039,020 based on the closing sale price of the stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which the forfeiture conditions lapse. The expense for these restricted stock grants was $56,639 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017. In February 2017, the Company granted 24,800 shares of restricted stock, representing 3,100 shares to each of the non-employee directors and the emeritus director of the Company, which will vest on the day before the 2018 annual general meeting providing that the grantee remains a director or an emeritus director of the Company, or as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee. The aggregate fair value of the stock measured on the date of the grant was $344,244 based on the closing sale price of the stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the twelve-month period during which the forfeiture conditions lapse. The expense for these restricted stock grants was $28,865 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017. In March 2017, the Company granted 12,800 shares of restricted stock representing 1,600 shares to each of the non-employee directors and the emeritus director of the Company, which will vest on the day before the 2018 annual general meeting providing that the grantee remains a director or an emeritus director of the Company, or as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee. The aggregate fair value of the stock measured on the date of the grant was $192,000 based on the closing sale price of the stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the twelve-month period during which the forfeiture conditions lapse. The expense for these restricted stock grants was $16,000 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017. For the purposes of calculating average issued shares for basic earnings per share, these shares are only considered to be outstanding when the forfeiture conditions lapse and the shares vest. A summary of restricted stock and stock option activity, including both performance-based awards and time-based awards, for the six-month period ended April 1, 2017, is as follows: Number of shares of Restricted Stock Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Non-vested balance as of September 30, 2016 138,940 $ 6.50 Granted 262,600 $ 15.03 Vested (86,400 ) $ 7.44 Non-vested balance as of April 1, 2017 315,140 $ 13.35 Number of shares subject to Stock Options Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Non-vested balance as of September 30, 2016 50,625 $ 4.67 Granted 2,800 $ 2.65 Exercised (12,165 ) $ 4.39 Non-vested balance as of April 1, 2017 41,260 $ 4.62 Stock-based compensation expense was $239,000 and $481,000 for the three and six-month periods ended April 1, 2017, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense was $206,000 and $358,000 for the three and six-month periods ended April 2, 2016, respectively. At April 1, 2017, there was approximately $3,776,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock and stock options granted under the Plan. The Company expects to recognize that cost over a weighted average period of 2.2 years. |