Novelion Therapeutics (NVLN) 10-K 15 Mar 19 2018 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 11, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	NVLN
Entity Registrant Name	NOVELION THERAPEUTICS INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0000827809
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		19,017,310
Entity Public Float			$ 47,871,556

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 45,154	$ 55,430
Accounts receivable, net	28,912	22,191
Inventories - current	12,745	15,886
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	15,732	11,436
Total current assets	102,543	104,943
Inventories - non-current	36,202	33,940
Property and equipment, net	1,585	2,920
Intangible assets, net	200,176	225,272
Other non-current assets	1,209	2,247
Total assets	341,715	369,322
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	6,012	13,800
Accrued liabilities	44,195	41,838
Short-term debt	73,677	0
Convertible notes, net	274,815	0
Provision for legal settlements - current	11,689	8,596
Total current liabilities	410,388	64,234
Convertible notes, net	0	258,538
Provision for legal settlements - non-current	19,391	31,016
Other non-current liabilities	796	596
Total liabilities	430,575	354,384
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common shares, without par value, 100,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2018 and 2017; 19,017 and 18,702 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	552,506	551,925
Additional paid-in-capital	79,295	73,185
Accumulated deficit	(822,301)	(713,974)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	101,640	103,802
Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity	(88,860)	14,938
Total liabilities and shareholders’ (deficit) equity	$ 341,715	$ 369,322

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	19,017,000	18,702,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	19,017,000	18,702,000

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net revenues	$ 130,432	$ 138,438
Cost of product sales	59,697	77,220
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	79,831	96,472
Research and development	38,820	49,008
Restructuring charges	2,151	2,536
Total operating expenses	120,802	148,016
Loss from operations	(50,067)	(86,798)
Interest expense, net	(50,498)	(39,037)
Interest expense, net	(4,333)	0
Other expense, net	(1,830)	(292)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(106,728)	(126,127)
Provision for income taxes	(1,599)	(583)
Net loss	$ (108,327)	$ (126,710)
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (5.76)	$ (6.81)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted (in shares)	18,812	18,616

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (108,327)	$ (126,710)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation	(2,162)	1,215
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(2,162)	1,215
Comprehensive loss	$ (110,489)	$ (125,495)

Consolidated Statements of Shar

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' (Defecit) Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		18,530,323,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 135,787	$ 551,259	$ 69,149	$ (587,208)	$ 102,587
Net loss	(126,710)			(126,710)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	1,215				1,215
Stock-based compensation expense	4,537		4,537
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		70,820,000
Exercise of stock options	499	$ 666	(167)
Vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for taxes (in shares)		100,792,000
Vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for taxes	(390)		(390)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		18,701,935,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2017	14,938	$ 551,925	73,185	(713,974)	103,802
Adoption of ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation	0		56	(56)
Net loss	(108,327)			(108,327)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,162)				(2,162)
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,060		3,060
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	0
Vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for taxes (in shares)		183,088,000
Vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld for taxes	$ (86)		(86)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		132,066,000
Issuance of common shares under employee stock purchase plan	440	$ 581	(141)
Fair value allocated to warrants, net of issuance costs	3,277
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		19,017,089,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ (88,860)	$ 552,506	$ 79,295	$ (822,301)	$ 101,640

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash used in operating activities
Net loss	$ (108,327)	$ (126,710)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	1,728	2,050
Amortization of intangible assets	25,091	25,052
Stock-based compensation	3,060	4,537
Non-cash interest expense	39,670	32,954
Provision for inventory excess and obsolescence	2,062	18,814
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)	2,925	(832)
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount	3,132	0
Deferred income taxes	857	138
Other non-cash operating activities	(3)	83
Loss on extinguishment of debt	4,333	0
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(6,745)	(12,852)
Inventories	(1,700)	6,081
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(4,380)	19,541
Accounts payable	(10,720)	(3,932)
Accrued and other liabilities	(6,449)	(19,823)
Net cash used in operating activities	(55,466)	(54,899)
Cash used in investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment	(442)	(754)
Net cash used in investing activities	(442)	(754)
Cash provided by financing activities
Net proceeds from loan facilities	70,000	0
Issuance of common shares	354	109
Repayment of Shareholder Term Loans	(20,000)	0
Payment of debt issuance costs	(2,966)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	47,388	109
Exchange rate effect on cash	(1,756)	2,047
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(10,276)	(53,497)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	55,430	108,927
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	45,154	55,430
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	8,182	6,500
Cash paid for taxes, net	42	1,671
Non-cash investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable	10	122
Non-cash financing activities
Refinance from Roll Up Loans	22,500	0
Retirement of Convertible Notes	$ (22,500)	$ 0

Description of Business

Description of Business	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Business	Description of Business Organization Novelion Therapeutics Inc. (“Novelion” or the “Company”) is a rare disease biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing new standards of care for individuals living with rare diseases. Novelion has international operations and two commercial products, metreleptin and lomitapide, which are commercialized and developed through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Aegerion”). Metreleptin, a recombinant analog of human leptin, is currently marketed in the U.S. under the brand name MYALEPT (metreleptin for injection). MYALEPT is approved in the U.S. as an adjunct to diet as replacement therapy to treat the complications of leptin deficiency in patients with congenital or acquired generalized lipodystrophy (“GL”). In July 2018, metreleptin, under the brand name MYALEPTA, was approved in the EU as a treatment for the complications of leptin deficiency in patients with congenital or acquired GL in adults and children two years of age and above and familial or acquired Partial Lipodystrophy (“PL”) in adults and children 12 years of age and above. Lomitapide, which is marketed in the U.S. under the brand name JUXTAPID (lomitapide) capsules (“JUXTAPID”), is approved in the U.S. as an adjunct to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments, including low-density lipoprotein (“LDL”) apheresis where available, to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (“LDL-C”), total cholesterol (“TC”), apolipoprotein B (“apo B”) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (“non-HDL-C”) in adult patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (“HoFH”). Lomitapide is approved in the European Union (“EU”), under the brand name LOJUXTA (lomitapide) hard capsules (“LOJUXTA”) for the treatment of adult patients with HoFH, where it is commercialized by Aegerion’s licensee, Amryt Pharma plc (“Amryt”). In December 2016, Aegerion launched JUXTAPID as a treatment for HoFH in Japan. Subsequent to year end, Aegerion out-licensed the JUXTAPID commercialization rights in Japan; see Note 17, Subsequent Events , for further discussion. Additionally, both metreleptin and lomitapide are sold, on a named patient basis, in certain countries outside of the U.S. where such sales are permitted based on the approval of metreleptin and lomitapide in the U.S. or EU, such as Brazil, and by its sublicensees in the EU, Japan and other territories. Going Concern The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 , the Company incurred a net loss of $108.3 million and used $55.5 million in cash to fund operating activities. The Company, and Aegerion in particular, also has a significant level of indebtedness, consisting as of December 31, 2018 of (1) $302.5 million principal amount of 2% convertible notes due August 15, 2019 (the “Convertible Notes”), as described in Note 9, Convertible Notes, net , (2) $75.9 million in outstanding principal (including paid in kind fees and interest) under Aegerion’s secured term loans (the “Bridge Loans”), as described in Note 8, Loan Facilities , which had an initial maturity date of February 15, 2019, which maturity date has been extended to June 30, 2019, and (3) approximately $37.1 million principal amount of existing secured term loan owed to Novelion (the “Intercompany Loan”), which is also described in more detail in Note 8 (which Bridge Loan and Intercompany Loan amounts were subsequently reduced by repayments received from the proceeds of the Japan License Agreement described below). These loan arrangements involve certain restrictions, including with respect to cash usage. The Company’s anticipated operating cash usage and maturities of outstanding debt, and restrictions on intercompany cash payments, as described in Note 8, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the Consolidated Financial Statements are issued. In an effort to mitigate some of the conditions that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the Company committed to a cost-reduction plan, including the reduction in workforce announced and implemented in August 2018, as described in Note 7, Restructuring . In November 2018, the Company announced that Aegerion has engaged advisors (who advised on the Bridge Credit Agreement, as defined later) to, among other things, undertake a comprehensive review of Aegerion’s capital structure, and that Novelion and Aegerion have engaged advisors, respectively, to independently explore and advise each respective company on all available financial and strategic options available to it, such as a restructuring of Aegerion’s Convertible Notes (including a restructuring that would likely involve a debt for equity swap, which would be highly dilutive to Novelion’s shareholders), a sale or merger of Novelion or Aegerion, or the sale or other disposition of certain businesses or assets (any of which could cause Novelion and/or Aegerion to use the protections of applicable bankruptcy laws to effectuate such alternative) (which are collectively referred to as the review of “strategic alternatives”). Although the Company believes its cost-reduction plan, together with the funds from the Bridge Loans, will provide the Company and Aegerion with sufficient financing to meet its immediate operational needs and obligations into June 2019, there is no guarantee that Aegerion will be able to successfully refinance Intercompany Loan, its Convertible Notes, or the Bridge Loans, or that either Novelion or Aegerion will be able to otherwise raise capital or receive funding to continue to operate as a standalone business beyond June 30, 2019, the maturity date of the Bridge Loans. the Company cannot provide any assurance that the ongoing financial and strategic alternatives review will result in any particular alternative or transaction or funding. Further, effecting such a refinancing, or other wholesale recapitalization or other strategic alternative, if available, will be critical for the Company to continue to execute on its commercial strategy and pursue its goals and objectives, but will require considerable resources to consummate, which the Company may not have available. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K assume that the Company is able to receive additional funding as a result of the financial and strategic review process, which is highly speculative. As such, the Company cannot conclude that such plans will be effectively implemented, or that such financing or strategic alternatives will be available. Should the Company be unable to execute its plans on an effective and timely basis, the Company’s business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition would be materially and negatively affected, and the Company would be unable to continue as a going concern. Further, given the quantum and near-term maturity of Aegerion’s outstanding debt obligations, the implementation of one or more transactions to effect a comprehensive refinancing, wholesale recapitalization or other strategic alternatives, if available, or the failure to complete any such transaction or transactions on a timely basis or at all, will likely require Aegerion, and could require Novelion, to seek the protections of applicable bankruptcy laws allowing for corporations to seek to restructure their debts and other affairs under a reorganization. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Principles	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Principles	Summary of Significant Accounting Principles Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All amounts herein are expressed in U.S. dollars (“USD”) unless otherwise noted. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include operations of Novelion Therapeutics Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods presented. The Company’s estimates often are based on complex judgments, probabilities and assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. For any given individual estimate or assumption made by management, there may also be other estimates or assumptions that are reasonable. Actual results may differ from estimates made by management. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known. Reporting and Functional Currency The Company’s reporting currency is the USD and its operations utilize the USD or local currency as the functional currency, where applicable. Transactions in other currencies are recorded in the functional currency at the rate of exchange prevailing when the transactions occur. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies are re-measured into the functional currency at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Exchange gains and losses arising from re-measurement of foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in income in the period in which they occur. For foreign entities where the local currency is the functional currency, assets and liabilities denominated in local currencies are translated into USD at end-of-period exchange rates and the resulting translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders’ equity. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Accounts Receivable, net The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable arises from product sales and primarily represents amounts due from distributors, named patients, and other entities. The Company monitors the financial performance and creditworthiness of its customers to properly assess and respond to changes in their credit profiles, and provides reserves against accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from a customer’s inability to pay. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged or written-off against the reserve. To date, the Company’s historical reserves and write-offs of accounts receivable have not been material. Inventories and Cost of Product Sales Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory is maintained on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets until the inventory is sold, donated as part of the Company’s compassionate use program, or used for clinical development. Inventory that is sold is recognized as cost of product sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, inventory that is donated as part of the Company’s compassionate use program is recognized as a selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, expired inventory is disposed of and the related costs are recognized as cost of product sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and inventory used for clinical development is recognized as research and development (“R&D”) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Inventories are reviewed periodically to identify slow-moving inventory based on sales activity, both projected and historical, as well as product shelf-life. The portion of the slow-moving inventory not expected to be sold within one year is classified as non-current inventory in the Company's accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates its ending inventories for excess quantities and obsolescence. This evaluation includes an analysis of sales levels by product type, the expiration date of the Company’s finished goods on-hand at each balance sheet date, as well as the anticipated unit forecast for demand for each product. Any changes to the demand of either product may result in a reserve for excess and obsolescence if the Company believes inventory will expire prior to being commercially sold, and such charge will be recorded to cost of product sales. If the asset becomes impaired or is abandoned, the carrying value is written down to its net realizable value, and an impairment charge is recorded in the period in which the impairment occurs. In evaluating the recoverability of inventories produced, the Company considers the probability that revenue will be obtained from the future sale of the related inventory. Cost of product sales includes the cost of inventory sold, manufacturing and supply chain costs, product shipping and handling costs, charges for excess and obsolete inventory, amortization of acquired intangibles, as well as royalties payable to Amgen Inc. (“Amgen”), Rockefeller University and Bristol-Myers Squibb (“BMS”) related to the sale of metreleptin and royalties payable to The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (“UPenn”) related to the sale of lomitapide. Prepaid Manufacturing Costs Cash advances paid by the Company prior to receipt of inventory are recorded as prepaid manufacturing costs and included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cash advances are subject to forfeiture if the Company terminates the scheduled production. The Company expects the carrying value of the prepaid manufacturing costs to be fully realized. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , $3.8 million and $4.1 million was recorded as prepaid manufacturing costs, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method based on estimated economic lives of three to five years for office furniture, fixtures, research equipment and other equipment, and three years for computer software and hardware. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the remaining lease term, which include lease extensions when reasonably assured. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs relate to the Company’s loan facilities, and they are reflected as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related loan facilities. Deferred financing costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the related loan facilities which approximates the effective interest method. The Company also capitalizes certain legal and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process financings as deferred financing costs until such financings are consummated. Intangible Assets Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized, on a straight-line basis, to their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment if certain triggering events occur. Impairment of Long-lived Assets Impairment testing and assessments of remaining useful lives are performed when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment or change in useful life. Such testing first entails comparison of the carrying value of the long-lived asset to the undiscounted cash flows expected from that asset. If impairment is indicated by this test, the long-lived assets are written down by the amount, if any, by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its estimated discounted cash flows. Contingencies The Company records a liability in the Consolidated Financial Statements for litigation related matters when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the loss is not probable or a range cannot reasonably be estimated, no liability is recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. Insurance recoveries related to potential claims are recognized up to the amount of the recorded liability when coverage is confirmed and the estimated recoveries are probable of payment. These recoveries are not netted against the related liabilities for financial statement presentation. Revenue Recognition Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company applied the revenue recognition guidance in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic No. 605-15, Revenue Recognition-Products (“ASC 605”). Effective January 1, 2018, the Company applies the revenue recognition guidance in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). The adoption of ASC Topic 606 did not change the Company’s revenue recognition and recognition of cost of product sales. As the Company did not identify any accounting changes that impacted the amount of net revenues, no adjustment to retained earnings was required upon adoption. Prior to the second quarter of 2017, due to insufficient historical data to reasonably estimate the gross-to-net adjustments for rebates related to payers and insurance providers at the time of receipt by the Company’s distributor for MYALEPT in the U.S., the Company accounted for MYALEPT shipments using a deferred revenue recognition model (sell-through method). Beginning in the second quarter of 2017, the Company determined that there was sufficient history to reasonably estimate expected rebates, and, to align its existing and anticipated revenue streams of products sold within the U.S., began recognizing sales of MYALEPT upon title transfer to distributors (sell-in method). Accordingly, the Company recognized a one-time increase in net revenue of $2.3 million resulting from this change in estimate in the second quarter of 2017, representing previously deferred product sales. As a result of the adoption of ASC Topic 606, net revenues associated with sales of MYALEPT during the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been consistent as the original amount recognized by the Company during the same period under ASC 605. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2017, to improve distribution efficiency, the Company signed a letter of intent for the distribution of JUXTAPID with the same specialty pharmacy that distributes MYALEPT in the U.S. The agreement was finalized in October 2017, and the transition of this distribution model was completed in November 2017. Prior to the transition, the specialty pharmacy that distributed JUXTAPID did not take title to JUXTAPID; title was transferred upon delivery of JUXTAPID to the patients (sell-through model), and revenue was recognized upon the delivery to the patients, which is consistent with the accounting guidance under ASC Topic 606. Subsequent to completion of the transition, revenue from sales of JUXTAPID in the U.S. has been recognized upon title transfer to distributors (sell-in method) under ASC 605. Upon adoption of ASC Topic 606, there has been no change to revenue recognition. The Company’s net revenues have primarily been derived from product sales; the Company’s remaining revenues are derived from the royalties on product sales made by its sublicensees in the EU and other territories. The following summarizes the revenue recognition for the respective revenue streams. Product Sales Revenues The Company recognizes revenue from sales of metreleptin and lomitapide at the point in time when control transfers, typically upon transfer of product to the carrier or delivery of product to customers. Revenue is recognized net of estimated discounts, rebates, and any taxes collected from customers which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Payment terms vary by contract, but it is typically due within 30 to 120 days of delivery to the customer. Generally, the period between when the Company transfers or delivers the products and when payments are received is in one year or less, as such, the Company deems it unnecessary to assess whether a significant financing component exists and thus does not adjust the transaction price for the time value of money. Variable Consideration Product sales revenues are recognized at the net sales price (“transaction price”) which includes estimated reserves for variable consideration, upon the transfer of control of the Company’s products. Variable consideration primarily includes government rebates, prompt payment discounts and distribution service fees. Estimates of variable consideration are made at contract inception and historical experience, market trends, industry data, and statutory requirements are considered when determining such estimates. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. The Company reassesses variable consideration at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available with the variance recorded to product sales revenue. Government Rebates: The Company is subject to government mandated rebates for Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare and other government programs in the U.S. and other countries. These rebates are estimated based on actual payer information. The Company records an accrued liability for unpaid rebates related to products for which control has been transferred to distributors. Refer to Note 6, Accrued Liabilities , for further discussion of the change in the government rebates for metreleptin and lomitapide. Prompt Payment Discounts : The Company provides discounts to certain distributors if they pay for product within a defined period of time after title transfers, which terms are explicitly stated in the contract. These discounts are recorded as a reduction of revenue upon receipt of full payment from such distributors. Distributor Service Fees : Certain distributors provide distribution services to the Company for a fee, and the costs associated with these services are generally recorded as a reduction of revenue. Other Incentives : The Company offers other incentives that vary by contract; these incentives take into account specific relevant factors and are analyzed for revenue recognition purposes on a case by case basis. Other Revenues The Company has entered into agreements where the Company licenses certain rights to its products to sublicensees and earns royalties from product sales made by the sublicensees and milestone payments upon the achievement of certain levels of sales. Under ASC Topic 606, the Company recognizes royalty revenue and sales-related milestone payments, when applicable, at the later of (1) the time that the subsequent sale or usage occurs, or (2) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based or usage-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Research and Development Expenses R&D expenses are charged to expense as incurred, and they comprise costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related costs, stock-based compensation, facilities-related overhead, clinical trial costs, costs to support certain medical affairs activities, manufacturing costs for clinical and pre-clinical materials as well as other contracted services, license fees, and other external costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. Income Taxes Income taxes are recorded using an asset and liability approach. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. When uncertain tax positions exist, the Company recognizes the tax benefit of tax positions to the extent that the benefit will more likely than not be realized. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. The Company accrues for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and includes such charges in income tax expense. Stock-Based Compensation For service-based awards, compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period. For awards that vest or begin vesting upon achievement of a performance condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense when achievement of the performance condition is deemed probable over the implicit service period. Certain of the Company’s awards that contain performance conditions also require the Company to estimate the number of awards that will vest, which the Company estimates when the performance condition is deemed probable of achievement. For awards that vest upon the achievement of a market condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the derived service period. For equity awards that have been modified and result in the change of the fair value, the vesting conditions or the classification of the award, any incremental increase in the fair value over the original award has been recorded as compensation expense on the date of the modification for vested awards or over the remaining service period for unvested awards. The Company issues restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to its employees as consideration for their provision of future services. Restricted stock-based compensation expense is measured based on the fair value market price of the Company’s common shares on the grant date and is recognized over the requisite service period, which coincides with the vesting period. RSUs can only be exchanged and settled for the Company’s common shares, on a one-to-one basis, upon vesting. Warrant Accounting In connection with the Shareholder Term Loans, as further described in Note 8, Loan Facilities , the Company issued warrants to the Shareholder Term Loans lenders to purchase the Company’s common shares. The Company accounted for these common share warrants as equity instruments based on the specific terms of the warrant agreements. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss combines net loss and other comprehensive items. Other comprehensive items represent certain amounts that are reported as components of shareholders’ equity in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, including foreign currency translation adjustments. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09” or “ASC 606”) and related ASUs, using the modified retrospective method. ASU 2014-09 represents a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU sets forth a new five-step revenue recognition model which replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance including industry-specific guidance. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 and the related ASUs did not change the Company’s revenue recognition and recognition of cost of product sales. As the Company did not identify any accounting changes that impacted the amount of net revenues, no adjustment to retained earnings was required upon adoption. Refer to the “Revenue Recognition” section above for the required disclosures and a discussion of the Company’s policies related to revenue recognition. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 seeks to reduce diversity in practice related to the classification of certain transactions in the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which amends a number of aspects of lease accounting and requires entities to recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”), which offers a transition option to entities adopting ASC 842. Under ASU 2018-11, entities can elect to apply ASC 842 using a modified-retrospective adoption approach resulting in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings/(accumulated deficit) at the beginning of the year in which the new lease standard is adopted, rather than adjustments to the earliest comparative period presented in their financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance and as such, the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will not change the classification of any of the existing leases as of the transition date. In addition, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components, and elected not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognize the associated lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Inventories

Inventories	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	Inventories The components of inventories are as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Work-in-process $ 26,676 $ 22,579 Finished goods 22,271 27,247 Total 48,947 49,826 Less: Inventories - current (12,745 ) (15,886 ) Inventories - non-current $ 36,202 $ 33,940 Non-current inventories primarily consist of the active pharmaceutical ingredients we have on hand and work-in-process. Additionally, a portion of finished goods is classified as non-current as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 based on forecasted consumption exceeding one year. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded charges to cost of product sales in the amounts of $2.1 million and $18.8 million

Property and Equipment, net

Property and Equipment, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment, net	Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment, net consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Leasehold improvements $ 1,730 $ 1,686 Office furniture and equipment 1,731 1,743 Computer and office equipment 4,073 3,768 Construction in progress — 123 Property and equipment, at cost 7,534 7,320 Less accumulated depreciation (5,949 ) (4,400 ) Property and equipment, net $ 1,585 $ 2,920 Depreciation expense was $1.7 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets The intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which are the remaining patent lives of approximately 8 - 9 years, and reviewed for impairment when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In the fourth quarter of 2018, as a result of the decline in the Company’s stock price, it was determined that a recoverability test was required. Based on the sum of the undiscounted cash flows of the related intangible asset groups, the Company concluded that the carrying amount of the intangible assets was recoverable, and there was no impairment charge recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018 . There was also no impairment charge recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017. Additionally, the Company reviewed the useful lives of the intangibles as of December 31, 2018 and believes the useful lives are still reasonable. Intangible asset balances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: December 31, 2018 Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value (in thousands) Developed technology - metreleptin $ 210,158 $ (44,084 ) $ 166,074 Developed technology - lomitapide 42,300 (8,198 ) 34,102 Total intangible assets $ 252,458 $ (52,282 ) $ 200,176 December 31, 2017 Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value (in thousands) Developed technology - metreleptin $ 210,158 $ (22,924 ) $ 187,234 Developed technology - lomitapide 42,300 (4,262 ) 38,038 Total intangible assets $ 252,458 $ (27,186 ) $ 225,272 Amortization expense was $25.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 . As of December 31, 2018 , the estimated amortization expense related to these intangibles for future periods is as follows: Amount Years Ending December 31, (in thousands) 2019 $ 25,095 2020 25,095 2021 25,095 2022 25,095 2023 25,095 Thereafter 74,701 Total intangible assets subject to amortization $ 200,176

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Liabilities	Accrued Liabilities Accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Accrued employee compensation and related costs $ 2,166 $ 7,755 Accrued professional fees 2,071 4,118 Accrued sales allowances 19,637 13,471 Accrued royalties 5,112 3,588 Other accrued liabilities 15,209 12,906 Total $ 44,195 $ 41,838 The following table summarizes combined activity for the government rebates incurred in connection with the product sales of MYALEPT and JUXTAPID for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 . December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 13,471 $ 7,849 Provision 24,646 23,087 Payments (18,375 ) (17,465 ) Other adjustments (105 ) — Ending balance $ 19,637 $ 13,471

Restructuring

Restructuring	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring	Restructuring In August 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a cost-reduction plan which included a workforce reduction. The reduction in workforce impacted 35 employees, or approximately 22% of the Company’s global active employees, across nearly all functions, and was substantially completed in the third quarter of 2018. As a result of the workforce reduction, the Company incurred restructuring charges of approximately $2.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2018, which will be fully paid by the third quarter of 2019. The restructuring charges include consulting fees related to the restructuring event and termination benefits, principally comprised of severance payments. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred approximately $2.5 million in restructuring charges related to the consolidation of similar positions during the integration of the business subsequent to the acquisition of Aegerion. The restructuring charges consisted primarily of severance and benefits costs. The following table sets forth the components of the restructuring charges and payments made related to restructuring activities. December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 10 $ — Costs incurred 2,151 2,536 Payments (1,782 ) (2,788 ) Other adjustments (20 ) 262 Ending balance $ 359 $ 10

Loan Facilities

Loan Facilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Loan Facilities	Loan Facilities Short-term debt consists of the following: December 31, 2018 New Money Loans Roll Up Loans Total (in thousands) Short-term principal and commitment fee $ 51,000 $ 22,500 $ 73,500 Exit fee payable 1,500 — 1,500 Accrued unpaid interest 826 66 892 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1,054 ) — (1,054 ) Debt discount (1,161 ) — (1,161 ) Total short-term debt $ 51,111 $ 22,566 $ 73,677 Bridge Loans On November 8, 2018, Aegerion entered into a bridge credit agreement (the “Bridge Credit Agreement”) with certain funds managed by Highbridge Capital Management, who are investors in the Company’s common shares, and Athyrium Capital Management, as lenders (the “Bridge Lenders”), and Cantor Fitzgerald Securities, as agent (the “Bridge Agent”), under which Aegerion borrowed from the Bridge Lenders new secured first lien term loans in cash in an original aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million (“New Money Loans”) and $22.5 million of new secured term loans that were funded, on behalf of Aegerion, to repurchase and retire an equal amount of Convertible Notes, at par, held by certain funds managed by the Bridge Lenders (the “Roll Up Loans”). The Roll Up Loans and the New Money Loans comprise the Bridge Loans referenced above. The Bridge Loans mature on the earliest to occur of (i) certain restructuring or bankruptcy events, (ii) February 15, 2019, unless extended pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Bridge Credit Agreement, in which case, June 30, 2019, and (iii) the acceleration after occurrence of an event of default. In January 2019, the maturity date of the Bridge Loans was extended to June 30, 2019, upon the exercise of Aegerion’s option and the satisfaction by Aegerion of the conditions stated in the Bridge Credit Agreement. The New Money Loans accrue interest at the rate of 11.00% per annum and the Roll Up Loans accrue interest at the rate of 2.00% per annum. Following an event of default and so long as an event of default is continuing, the interest rate on each of the New Money Loans and the Roll Up Loans would increase by 2.00% per annum. Interest on the New Money Loans and the Roll Up Loans accrue and compound quarterly in arrears and will not be payable in cash until the maturity date or any earlier time that the Bridge Loans become due and payable under the Bridge Credit Agreement. Aegerion will pay a commitment fee equal to 2.00% of the New Money Loans, which will be paid in kind and be included in the outstanding principal amount of the New Money Loans. The New Money Loans may be prepaid, in whole or in part, by Aegerion at any time subject to payment of an exit fee (including at maturity) equal to 3.00% of the commitments with respect to New Money Loans. As of December 31, 2018 , the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the New Money Loans was $53.3 million , including $1.0 million of commitment fee, $1.5 million of exit fee and $0.8 million of the accrued unpaid interest. The aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Roll Up Loans was $22.6 million , with less than $0.1 million of accrued unpaid interest. In connection with the issuance of the Bridge Loans, the Company incurred approximately $3.2 million of debt issuance costs, which primarily consisted of underwriting, legal and other professional fees. Of the total $3.2 million of debt issuance costs, $1.0 million is the pro-rata portion associated with the Roll Up Loans and it was expensed upon the consummation of the transaction. The remaining portion, $2.2 million , is associated with the New Money Loans and is being amortized over the expected life of the New Money Loans using the effective interest method. Aegerion’s obligations under the Bridge Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each domestic subsidiary of Aegerion other than Aegerion Securities Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation (the “Guarantors”), and secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of Aegerion and the Guarantors, including a pledge of 65% of Aegerion’s and the Guarantors’ first-tier foreign subsidiaries’ equity interests and substantially all of the intellectual property and related rights in respect of MYALEPT and JUXTAPID, subject to certain contractual limitations and exclusions set forth in the Bridge Credit Agreement and related documentation. The liens on the assets of Aegerion and the Guarantors granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to the Bridge Lenders with respect to New Money Loans are senior to the liens granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to Novelion with respect to the Intercompany Loan. The liens on the assets of Aegerion and the Guarantors granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to the Bridge Lenders with respect to Roll Up Loans are junior to the liens granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to Novelion with respect to the Intercompany Loan. Upon consummation of certain restructuring transactions consented to by the Bridge Lenders in their discretion, the liens securing the Roll Up Loans will be terminated and released, and the Roll Up Loans will be treated as unsecured obligations of Aegerion, pari passu with the other obligations of Aegerion with respect to the Convertible Notes. The Bridge Credit Agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants binding on Aegerion and its subsidiaries, including prohibitions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, granting of liens, certain asset dispositions, investments and restricted payments, in each case, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Bridge Credit Agreement. The Bridge Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default for a transaction of this type, and includes (i) a cross-default to the occurrence of any event of default under material indebtedness of Aegerion, including the Convertible Notes or the Intercompany Loan, and (ii) Novelion or any of its subsidiaries being subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Bridge Lenders may declare all of the outstanding Bridge Loans and other obligations under the Bridge Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable and exercise all rights and remedies available to the Bridge Lenders under the Bridge Credit Agreement and related documentation. In connection with the Amended and Restated Intercompany Loan Agreement (defined below) and the Bridge Credit Agreement, Aegerion was required to enter into separate deposit account control agreements with each of the lenders in order to perfect each lender’s security interest in the cash collateral in Aegerion’s operating account. In the event of a default under either loan agreement, subject to the terms of the subordination agreement with the Bridge Lenders and Bridge Agent (the “Bridge Intercreditor Agreement”), the respective lender would have the right to take control of the operating account and restrict Aegerion’s access to the operating account and the funds therein. In addition to the repurchase and cancellation of certain Convertible Notes with the proceeds of the Roll Up Loans, Aegerion used proceeds of the New Money Loans to repay, at par, (a) the amounts outstanding under the Shareholder Term Loan Agreement described below, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $21.2 million , and (b) principal of the Intercompany Loan in an amount of $3.5 million . The Intercompany Loan has been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Shareholder Term Loan Agreement On March 15, 2018, Aegerion entered into a loan and security agreement with affiliates of Broadfin Capital, LLC and Sarissa Capital Management LP (the “Shareholder Term Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which the lenders made a single-draw term loan to Aegerion in an aggregate amount of $ 20.0 million (the “Shareholder Term Loans”), and secured by substantially all of Aegerion’s assets. The lenders or their affiliates were also investors in the Company’s common shares, and two members of our Board of Directors at that time were affiliates of the lenders. In connection with the Shareholder Term Loan Agreement, the lenders of the Shareholder Term Loans were issued warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase approximately 1.8 million Novelion common shares. The Warrants have an exercise price equal to $4.40 per share, representing the volume weighted average price of Novelion common shares for the 20 trading days ended March 14, 2018, and have a term of four years . The Company applied the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the Warrants, with the following assumptions: (a) the risk-free rates based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve, for a term of four years; (b) the volatility based on the historical and implied volatility of the Company's publicly traded common shares as of March 15, 2018; and (c) no dividend would be payable. The Company allocated the proceeds received from the Shareholder Term Loans between the Shareholder Term Loans and the Warrants on a relative fair value basis at the time of the Shareholder Term Loans’ issuance. The relative fair value of the Shareholder Term Loans was determined to be $16.6 million , using the Black-Derman-Toy interest rate lattice model. The remainder of the proceeds, or $3.4 million , was allocated to the Warrants, which was accounted for as additional paid-in-capital. The Company accrued unpaid interest and recorded amortization of debt issuance costs, which was recognized as interest expense, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2018 . The Company determined that the acceleration of the maturity date upon the occurrence of a Convertible Notes restructuring was an embedded derivative, which required bifurcation and was separately ascribed with a fair value. The fair value of the embedded derivative liability on the Shareholder Term Loans issuance date was calculated by determining the fair value of the Shareholder Term Loans with and without the acceleration of the maturity date upon an occurrence of a Convertible Notes restructuring, using the same methodology and inputs in determining the fair value of the Shareholder Term Loans as discussed in Note 10, Fair Value of Financial Instruments . The difference between the two fair values was determined to be the fair value of the embedded derivative liability. Accordingly, the Company initially recorded a derivative liability of $0.9 million as a reduction to debt payable, and the derivative liability was revalued on each reporting date. In connection with the entry into the Bridge Loans in November 2018, as discussed above, the Shareholder Term Loans were paid in full. At the time of repayment, the outstanding principal of the Shareholder Term Loans totaled approximately $21.2 million , including paid in kind interest that had been added to the principal of the Shareholder Term Loans. As a result of the repayment of the Shareholder Term Loans, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $4.3 million , which also included $0.6 million from the remeasurement and derecognition of the derivative liability and a write-off of $0.3 million of remaining unamortized debt issuance costs. There were no other penalties associated with the repayments. Intercompany Loan In connection with the entry into the Shareholder Term Loan Agreement, on March 15, 2018 Aegerion and Novelion entered into an amended and restated senior secured term loan agreement, which has a maturity date of July 1, 2019 (the “Amended and Restated Intercompany Loan Agreement”), which amends and restates the secured loan facility between Aegerion and Novelion that was first entered into in connection with the Intercompany Loan at the time of the acquisition of Aegerion. As of December 31, 2018 , the principal amount owing from Aegerion to Novelion under the Intercompany Loan was approximately $37.1 million . The Intercompany Loan has been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Intercompany Loan is not subordinated to the Roll Up Loans and the Bridge Lenders have agreed not to challenge $21.5 million of the Intercompany Loan amount outstanding as of December 31, 2018 (which amount was subsequently reduced by a repayment in connection with the Japan License Agreement discussed in Note 17, Subsequent Events In August 2014, Aegerion issued Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $325.0 million . The Convertible Notes are governed by the terms of an indenture and a supplemental indenture with The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as the Trustee. The following are the key terms of the Convertible Notes: • The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of Aegerion and bear interest at a rate of 2.0% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on February 15, 2015. The Convertible Notes will mature on August 15, 2019 , unless earlier repurchased or converted. • After the acquisition of Aegerion, the Convertible Notes are convertible into Novelion’s common shares at a conversion rate of 4.9817 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes. If the holders elect to convert the Convertible Notes, Aegerion can settle the conversion of the Convertible Notes through payment or delivery of cash, common shares, or a combination of cash and common shares, in its discretion. • On or after February 15, 2019 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder. • The indenture does not contain any financial covenants or restrict Aegerion’s ability to repurchase Aegerion’s securities, pay dividends or make restricted payments in the event of a transaction that substantially increases Aegerion’s level of indebtedness. • The indenture contains customary terms and covenants and events of default. If an event of default (other than certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving Aegerion) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to Aegerion, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Convertible Notes by written notice to Aegerion and the Trustee, may declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Convertible Notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will be due and payable immediately. Upon the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving Aegerion, 100% of the principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the Convertible Notes will become due and payable automatically. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indenture provides that, upon Aegerion’s election, and for up to 180 days , the sole remedy for an event of default relating to certain failures by Aegerion to comply with certain reporting covenants in the indenture consists exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the Convertible Notes. The Company’s outstanding Convertible Note balances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Principal $ 302,498 $ 324,998 Less: debt discount (27,683 ) (66,460 ) Net carrying amount $ 274,815 $ 258,538 The expected life of the debt was equal to the five year term on the Convertible Notes. The effective interest rate was 16.42% , which was established as of the consummation of the Company’s acquisition of Aegerion. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Contractual interest expense $ 6,435 $ 6,500 Amortization of debt discount 38,778 32,954 Total interest expense $ 45,213 $ 39,454 Future minimum payments under the Convertible Notes as are as follows: Amount (in thousands) Mature on August 15, 2019 $ 308,548 308,548 Less amount representing interest (6,050 ) Less debt discount, net (27,683 ) Net carrying amount of Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2018 $ 274,815 On the Closing Date, under the terms of the Bridge Credit Agreement, the Roll Up Loans (consisting of new term loans under the Bridge Credit Agreement with an aggregate principal amount of $22.5 million ) were deemed to have been funded and delivered, on behalf of Aegerion, to certain holders of Convertible Notes for the purchase of Convertible Notes in an equal principal amount outstanding, and Aegerion simultaneously directed the retirement of such Convertible Notes. As a result of the retirement of such Convertible Notes, the effective interest rate became 17.56% . Upon consummation of certain restructuring transactions consented to by the Bridge Lenders in their discretion, the liens securing the Roll Up Loans will be terminated and released, and the Roll Up Loans will be treated as unsecured obligations of Aegerion, pari passu with the other obligations of Aegerion with respect to the Convertible Notes. The principal balance of Convertible Notes is approximately $302.5 million after the effect of this “roll up” of certain Convertible Notes with the proceeds of the Roll Up Loans under the Bridge Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2018, at least one shareholder of the Company holds Convertible Notes.

Convertible Notes, net

Convertible Notes, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Convertible Notes, net	Loan Facilities Short-term debt consists of the following: December 31, 2018 New Money Loans Roll Up Loans Total (in thousands) Short-term principal and commitment fee $ 51,000 $ 22,500 $ 73,500 Exit fee payable 1,500 — 1,500 Accrued unpaid interest 826 66 892 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1,054 ) — (1,054 ) Debt discount (1,161 ) — (1,161 ) Total short-term debt $ 51,111 $ 22,566 $ 73,677 Bridge Loans On November 8, 2018, Aegerion entered into a bridge credit agreement (the “Bridge Credit Agreement”) with certain funds managed by Highbridge Capital Management, who are investors in the Company’s common shares, and Athyrium Capital Management, as lenders (the “Bridge Lenders”), and Cantor Fitzgerald Securities, as agent (the “Bridge Agent”), under which Aegerion borrowed from the Bridge Lenders new secured first lien term loans in cash in an original aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million (“New Money Loans”) and $22.5 million of new secured term loans that were funded, on behalf of Aegerion, to repurchase and retire an equal amount of Convertible Notes, at par, held by certain funds managed by the Bridge Lenders (the “Roll Up Loans”). The Roll Up Loans and the New Money Loans comprise the Bridge Loans referenced above. The Bridge Loans mature on the earliest to occur of (i) certain restructuring or bankruptcy events, (ii) February 15, 2019, unless extended pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Bridge Credit Agreement, in which case, June 30, 2019, and (iii) the acceleration after occurrence of an event of default. In January 2019, the maturity date of the Bridge Loans was extended to June 30, 2019, upon the exercise of Aegerion’s option and the satisfaction by Aegerion of the conditions stated in the Bridge Credit Agreement. The New Money Loans accrue interest at the rate of 11.00% per annum and the Roll Up Loans accrue interest at the rate of 2.00% per annum. Following an event of default and so long as an event of default is continuing, the interest rate on each of the New Money Loans and the Roll Up Loans would increase by 2.00% per annum. Interest on the New Money Loans and the Roll Up Loans accrue and compound quarterly in arrears and will not be payable in cash until the maturity date or any earlier time that the Bridge Loans become due and payable under the Bridge Credit Agreement. Aegerion will pay a commitment fee equal to 2.00% of the New Money Loans, which will be paid in kind and be included in the outstanding principal amount of the New Money Loans. The New Money Loans may be prepaid, in whole or in part, by Aegerion at any time subject to payment of an exit fee (including at maturity) equal to 3.00% of the commitments with respect to New Money Loans. As of December 31, 2018 , the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the New Money Loans was $53.3 million , including $1.0 million of commitment fee, $1.5 million of exit fee and $0.8 million of the accrued unpaid interest. The aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Roll Up Loans was $22.6 million , with less than $0.1 million of accrued unpaid interest. In connection with the issuance of the Bridge Loans, the Company incurred approximately $3.2 million of debt issuance costs, which primarily consisted of underwriting, legal and other professional fees. Of the total $3.2 million of debt issuance costs, $1.0 million is the pro-rata portion associated with the Roll Up Loans and it was expensed upon the consummation of the transaction. The remaining portion, $2.2 million , is associated with the New Money Loans and is being amortized over the expected life of the New Money Loans using the effective interest method. Aegerion’s obligations under the Bridge Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each domestic subsidiary of Aegerion other than Aegerion Securities Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation (the “Guarantors”), and secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of Aegerion and the Guarantors, including a pledge of 65% of Aegerion’s and the Guarantors’ first-tier foreign subsidiaries’ equity interests and substantially all of the intellectual property and related rights in respect of MYALEPT and JUXTAPID, subject to certain contractual limitations and exclusions set forth in the Bridge Credit Agreement and related documentation. The liens on the assets of Aegerion and the Guarantors granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to the Bridge Lenders with respect to New Money Loans are senior to the liens granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to Novelion with respect to the Intercompany Loan. The liens on the assets of Aegerion and the Guarantors granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to the Bridge Lenders with respect to Roll Up Loans are junior to the liens granted to secure Aegerion’s obligations to Novelion with respect to the Intercompany Loan. Upon consummation of certain restructuring transactions consented to by the Bridge Lenders in their discretion, the liens securing the Roll Up Loans will be terminated and released, and the Roll Up Loans will be treated as unsecured obligations of Aegerion, pari passu with the other obligations of Aegerion with respect to the Convertible Notes. The Bridge Credit Agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants binding on Aegerion and its subsidiaries, including prohibitions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, granting of liens, certain asset dispositions, investments and restricted payments, in each case, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Bridge Credit Agreement. The Bridge Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default for a transaction of this type, and includes (i) a cross-default to the occurrence of any event of default under material indebtedness of Aegerion, including the Convertible Notes or the Intercompany Loan, and (ii) Novelion or any of its subsidiaries being subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Bridge Lenders may declare all of the outstanding Bridge Loans and other obligations under the Bridge Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable and exercise all rights and remedies available to the Bridge Lenders under the Bridge Credit Agreement and related documentation. In connection with the Amended and Restated Intercompany Loan Agreement (defined below) and the Bridge Credit Agreement, Aegerion was required to enter into separate deposit account control agreements with each of the lenders in order to perfect each lender’s security interest in the cash collateral in Aegerion’s operating account. In the event of a default under either loan agreement, subject to the terms of the subordination agreement with the Bridge Lenders and Bridge Agent (the “Bridge Intercreditor Agreement”), the respective lender would have the right to take control of the operating account and restrict Aegerion’s access to the operating account and the funds therein. In addition to the repurchase and cancellation of certain Convertible Notes with the proceeds of the Roll Up Loans, Aegerion used proceeds of the New Money Loans to repay, at par, (a) the amounts outstanding under the Shareholder Term Loan Agreement described below, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $21.2 million , and (b) principal of the Intercompany Loan in an amount of $3.5 million . The Intercompany Loan has been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Shareholder Term Loan Agreement On March 15, 2018, Aegerion entered into a loan and security agreement with affiliates of Broadfin Capital, LLC and Sarissa Capital Management LP (the “Shareholder Term Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which the lenders made a single-draw term loan to Aegerion in an aggregate amount of $ 20.0 million (the “Shareholder Term Loans”), and secured by substantially all of Aegerion’s assets. The lenders or their affiliates were also investors in the Company’s common shares, and two members of our Board of Directors at that time were affiliates of the lenders. In connection with the Shareholder Term Loan Agreement, the lenders of the Shareholder Term Loans were issued warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase approximately 1.8 million Novelion common shares. The Warrants have an exercise price equal to $4.40 per share, representing the volume weighted average price of Novelion common shares for the 20 trading days ended March 14, 2018, and have a term of four years . The Company applied the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the Warrants, with the following assumptions: (a) the risk-free rates based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve, for a term of four years; (b) the volatility based on the historical and implied volatility of the Company's publicly traded common shares as of March 15, 2018; and (c) no dividend would be payable. The Company allocated the proceeds received from the Shareholder Term Loans between the Shareholder Term Loans and the Warrants on a relative fair value basis at the time of the Shareholder Term Loans’ issuance. The relative fair value of the Shareholder Term Loans was determined to be $16.6 million , using the Black-Derman-Toy interest rate lattice model. The remainder of the proceeds, or $3.4 million , was allocated to the Warrants, which was accounted for as additional paid-in-capital. The Company accrued unpaid interest and recorded amortization of debt issuance costs, which was recognized as interest expense, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2018 . The Company determined that the acceleration of the maturity date upon the occurrence of a Convertible Notes restructuring was an embedded derivative, which required bifurcation and was separately ascribed with a fair value. The fair value of the embedded derivative liability on the Shareholder Term Loans issuance date was calculated by determining the fair value of the Shareholder Term Loans with and without the acceleration of the maturity date upon an occurrence of a Convertible Notes restructuring, using the same methodology and inputs in determining the fair value of the Shareholder Term Loans as discussed in Note 10, Fair Value of Financial Instruments . The difference between the two fair values was determined to be the fair value of the embedded derivative liability. Accordingly, the Company initially recorded a derivative liability of $0.9 million as a reduction to debt payable, and the derivative liability was revalued on each reporting date. In connection with the entry into the Bridge Loans in November 2018, as discussed above, the Shareholder Term Loans were paid in full. At the time of repayment, the outstanding principal of the Shareholder Term Loans totaled approximately $21.2 million , including paid in kind interest that had been added to the principal of the Shareholder Term Loans. As a result of the repayment of the Shareholder Term Loans, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $4.3 million , which also included $0.6 million from the remeasurement and derecognition of the derivative liability and a write-off of $0.3 million of remaining unamortized debt issuance costs. There were no other penalties associated with the repayments. Intercompany Loan In connection with the entry into the Shareholder Term Loan Agreement, on March 15, 2018 Aegerion and Novelion entered into an amended and restated senior secured term loan agreement, which has a maturity date of July 1, 2019 (the “Amended and Restated Intercompany Loan Agreement”), which amends and restates the secured loan facility between Aegerion and Novelion that was first entered into in connection with the Intercompany Loan at the time of the acquisition of Aegerion. As of December 31, 2018 , the principal amount owing from Aegerion to Novelion under the Intercompany Loan was approximately $37.1 million . The Intercompany Loan has been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Intercompany Loan is not subordinated to the Roll Up Loans and the Bridge Lenders have agreed not to challenge $21.5 million of the Intercompany Loan amount outstanding as of December 31, 2018 (which amount was subsequently reduced by a repayment in connection with the Japan License Agreement discussed in Note 17, Subsequent Events In August 2014, Aegerion issued Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $325.0 million . The Convertible Notes are governed by the terms of an indenture and a supplemental indenture with The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as the Trustee. The following are the key terms of the Convertible Notes: • The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of Aegerion and bear interest at a rate of 2.0% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on February 15, 2015. The Convertible Notes will mature on August 15, 2019 , unless earlier repurchased or converted. • After the acquisition of Aegerion, the Convertible Notes are convertible into Novelion’s common shares at a conversion rate of 4.9817 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes. If the holders elect to convert the Convertible Notes, Aegerion can settle the conversion of the Convertible Notes through payment or delivery of cash, common shares, or a combination of cash and common shares, in its discretion. • On or after February 15, 2019 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder. • The indenture does not contain any financial covenants or restrict Aegerion’s ability to repurchase Aegerion’s securities, pay dividends or make restricted payments in the event of a transaction that substantially increases Aegerion’s level of indebtedness. • The indenture contains customary terms and covenants and events of default. If an event of default (other than certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving Aegerion) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to Aegerion, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Convertible Notes by written notice to Aegerion and the Trustee, may declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Convertible Notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will be due and payable immediately. Upon the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving Aegerion, 100% of the principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the Convertible Notes will become due and payable automatically. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indenture provides that, upon Aegerion’s election, and for up to 180 days , the sole remedy for an event of default relating to certain failures by Aegerion to comply with certain reporting covenants in the indenture consists exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the Convertible Notes. The Company’s outstanding Convertible Note balances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Principal $ 302,498 $ 324,998 Less: debt discount (27,683 ) (66,460 ) Net carrying amount $ 274,815 $ 258,538 The expected life of the debt was equal to the five year term on the Convertible Notes. The effective interest rate was 16.42% , which was established as of the consummation of the Company’s acquisition of Aegerion. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Contractual interest expense $ 6,435 $ 6,500 Amortization of debt discount 38,778 32,954 Total interest expense $ 45,213 $ 39,454 Future minimum payments under the Convertible Notes as are as follows: Amount (in thousands) Mature on August 15, 2019 $ 308,548 308,548 Less amount representing interest (6,050 ) Less debt discount, net (27,683 ) Net carrying amount of Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2018 $ 274,815 On the Closing Date, under the terms of the Bridge Credit Agreement, the Roll Up Loans (consisting of new term loans under the Bridge Credit Agreement with an aggregate principal amount of $22.5 million ) were deemed to have been funded and delivered, on behalf of Aegerion, to certain holders of Convertible Notes for the purchase of Convertible Notes in an equal principal amount outstanding, and Aegerion simultaneously directed the retirement of such Convertible Notes. As a result of the retirement of such Convertible Notes, the effective interest rate became 17.56% . Upon consummation of certain restructuring transactions consented to by the Bridge Lenders in their discretion, the liens securing the Roll Up Loans will be terminated and released, and the Roll Up Loans will be treated as unsecured obligations of Aegerion, pari passu with the other obligations of Aegerion with respect to the Convertible Notes. The principal balance of Convertible Notes is approximately $302.5 million after the effect of this “roll up” of certain Convertible Notes with the proceeds of the Roll Up Loans under the Bridge Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2018, at least one shareholder of the Company holds Convertible Notes.

Fair Value of Financial Instrum

Fair Value of Financial Instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value is established that distinguishes between fair value measurements based on market data (observable inputs) and those based on the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 - Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability. The fair value measurements of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 are summarized in the table below: Significant Quoted Prices in Other Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Balance at Identical Assets Inputs Inputs December 31, (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) 2018 (in thousands) Assets: Money market funds $ 6,998 $ — $ — $ 6,998 The fair value measurements of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2017 are summarized in the table below: Significant Quoted Prices in Other Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Balance at Identical Assets Inputs Inputs December 31, (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) 2017 (in thousands) Assets: Money market funds $ 20,046 $ — $ — $ 20,046 The fair value of the Convertible Notes, which differs from their carrying values, is influenced by interest rates, the Company’s share price and share price volatility and is determined by prices for the Convertible Notes observed in market trading which are Level 2 inputs. The estimated fair value of the Convertible Notes at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $250.7 million and $258.3 million , respectively. The fair values of the Shareholder Term Loans were determined using the Black-Derman-Toy interest rate lattice model, which include certain Level 3 inputs, consist of: (1) the volatility of interest rates based on historical volatility of interest rates observed and implied interest rates based on swaption trades; (2) credit spread applicable for the Shareholder Term Loans; and (3) interest rate on the Shareholder Term Loans. Under this model, the relative fair value of the Shareholder Term Loans on the Shareholder Term Loans issuance date was determined to be $16.6 million . The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their immediate or short-term maturities. These financial instruments are also exposed to credit risks. To limit the Company’s credit exposure, cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high-quality financial institutions in accordance with its treasury policy goal to preserve capital and maintain liquidity. The Company’s treasury policy limits investments to certain money market securities issued by governments, financial institutions and corporations with investment-grade credit ratings, and places restrictions on maturities and concentration by issuer. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in bank accounts, which, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in these accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share	Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of unrestricted common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. Since the Company has had net losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities were determined to be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per common share are equal. The following table sets forth potential common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants, the vesting of restricted stock units and the conversion of the Convertible Notes (prior to consideration of the treasury stock and if-converted methods), which were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share because such instruments were anti-dilutive: As of December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Stock options 2,113 2,025 Unvested restricted stock units 127 445 Warrants 1,819 14,515 Convertible notes 1,507 1,619 Total 5,566 18,604 The outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2018 were issued in connection with the Shareholder Term Loan Agreement entered on March 15, 2018, as described in Note 8, Loan Facilities . The outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2017 were issued in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Aegerion in fiscal year 2016, which warrants were cancelled unexercised during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Stock-based Payments

Stock-based Payments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Stock-based Payments	Stock-based Payments Under the Amended and Restated Novelion 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (“NVLN Plan”), the Company may grant non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, directors and consultants of Novelion and its affiliates. Common shares of Novelion will be issued upon exercise of stock options and the vesting of RSUs. Under the terms of the NVLN Plan, Novelion is entitled to grant awards in respect of its unissued common shares up to a maximum of 4,760,000 shares. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company has 2,250,137 shares of common shares available for issuance under the NVLN Plan. In November 2018, the Company suspended its Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which had been adopted by the Board of Directors in April 2017 to enable eligible employees of the Company and its designated subsidiaries to use payroll deductions to purchase shares of stock in offerings under the plan. The Company issues stock options and RSUs grants with service conditions (ESPP grants were also issued with service conditions), which are generally the vesting periods of the awards. Generally, the stock options, RSUs and ESPP grants expire within ten years of grant. Determining the Fair Value of Stock Awards (a) Stock Options The fair value of stock options is measured with service-based vesting criteria to employees, consultants and directors on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. In general, the stock options vest over three to four years. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. The expected volatility and expected life of the Company’s stock options are projected based upon historical and other economic data trended into future years. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the expected life of the Company’s stock options. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to implied yields available from U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The weighted-average grant date fair values of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $1.57 and $3.15 , respectively. The following weighted-average assumptions were used to value stock options granted in each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Expected stock price volatility 44.72 % 38.57 % Risk-free interest rate 2.73 % 2.04 % Expected life of options (years) 5.66 6.25 Expected dividend yield — — The Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows: Weighted Weighted- Average Average Remaining Aggregate Number of Exercise Price Contractual Intrinsic Stock Options Per Share Life (years) Value Outstanding at January 1, 2018 2,025,415 $ 8.00 7.50 $ — Granted 1,373,999 3.51 Exercised — — Forfeited/cancelled (1,286,816 ) 7.10 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 2,112,598 $ 5.63 8.57 $ — Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 2,112,598 $ 5.63 8.57 $ — Exercisable at December 31, 2018 538,595 $ 7.74 6.98 $ — As of December 31, 2018 , the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options is $2.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.41 years. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the weighted average exercise price of stock options granted was $3.51 and $7.70 , respectively. There was no intrinsic value for the options exercised in 2018 and 2017 . The Company received $0.5 million in cash proceeds from option exercises during the year ended 2017 , and there was no cash proceeds received from option exercises during the year ended 2018. (b) RSUs The Company issues RSUs to its employees and directors as consideration for their provision of future services. The stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs is measured based on the fair value market price of the Company’s common shares on the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which coincides with the vesting period. RSUs can only be exchanged and settled for the Company’s common shares, on a one -to-one basis, upon vesting. RSUs are generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of vesting restrictions. The Company has outstanding time-vested and market-based RSUs. Time-vested RSUs are awarded to eligible employees and entitle the grantee to receive common shares at the end of a vesting period, subject solely to the employee’s continuing employment. The majority of time-vested RSUs vest over two to three years. All the market-based RSUs vest when the Company’s stock price is equal to or greater than the value of the original new hire strike price and expire on July 29, 2019. The Company’s RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows: Weighted- Average Number of Grant Date RSUs Fair Value Outstanding at January 1, 2018 445,017 $ 8.29 Granted 187,875 4.52 Vested (243,639 ) 8.62 Forfeited/cancelled (262,366 ) 6.69 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 126,887 $ 5.40 As of December 31, 2018 , the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs is $0.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.97 years. (c) ESPP The ESPP (which is currently suspended) permits eligible employees to acquire the Company's common shares through periodic payroll deductions of up to 15% of base compensation. The price at which the common shares may be purchased is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company’s common shares on the first day of the applicable offering period or on the last day of the respective purchase period. The ESPP is deemed compensatory and compensation costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company estimates the fair value of the ESPP shares at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Expected stock price volatility 72.65 % 48.51 % Risk-free interest rate 2.10 % 1.45 % Expected life of options (years) 0.50 0.50 Expected dividend yield — — The weighted average per share fair value of purchase rights granted in 2018 and 2017 was $1.27 and $1.06 , respectively. Total expense recognized for these purchase rights was $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million during the years ended 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 , approximately 132,000 shares of common shares had been issued under the ESPP. (d) Stock-based Compensation Expense The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Selling, general and administrative $ 2,589 $ 3,721 Research and development 471 816 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,060 $ 4,537

Employee Benefit Plan

Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plan	Employee Benefit Plan The Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) plan (the “Plan”) in which substantially all of its and its subsidiaries' permanent U.S. employees are eligible to participate. Employee contributions are voluntary and are determined on an individual basis, limited by the maximum amounts allowable under the U.S. federal tax regulations. The Company makes matching contributions of 50% of the first 6% of employees’ contributions to the Plan up to the maximum allowed by the Internal Revenue Service. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company recorded employer contribution expense of approximately $0.7 million and $0.8 million

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Loss before provision for income taxes is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) U.S. $ (67,421 ) $ (69,034 ) Canada (12,588 ) (24,177 ) Other Foreign (26,719 ) (32,916 ) Loss before provision for income taxes $ (106,728 ) $ (126,127 ) Provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Current benefit (provision): U.S. $ 52 $ 106 Canada 95 (3 ) Other Foreign (892 ) (633 ) (745 ) (530 ) Deferred provision: Other Foreign (854 ) (53 ) Provision for income taxes $ (1,599 ) $ (583 ) Differences between the Company’s statutory income tax rates and its effective income tax rates, as applied to the loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are reconciled as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Canadian statutory tax rates 27 % 26 % Loss before income taxes $ (106,728 ) $ (126,127 ) Expected income tax benefit 28,817 32,793 Net increase in valuation allowance (22,459 ) (13,895 ) Tax credits 997 (172 ) Stock-based compensation 29 (270 ) Foreign rate differential (8,084 ) 1,198 Tax rate change (643 ) (19,774 ) Non-taxable expenditures (2,211 ) — Change in uncertain tax positions (215 ) (20 ) Other 2,170 (443 ) Provision for income taxes $ (1,599 ) $ (583 ) Deferred taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The primary components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 76,335 $ 68,915 Research and development credits 15,845 14,198 Stock-based compensation 946 761 Capitalized research expenses 716 1,028 Capital loss carryforwards 39,087 39,087 Depreciable and amortizable assets 11,089 10,859 Business interest expense limitation 11,609 — Other temporary differences 12,584 11,761 Total gross deferred tax assets 168,211 146,609 Valuation allowance (168,211 ) (145,753 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ 856 As of December 31, 2018 , the Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the realizability of its deferred tax assets and concluded that based on the Company’s history of operating losses and operating as a going concern, that it is more likely than not that the benefit of its U.S., Canadian and all its foreign deferred tax assets will not be realized. Therefore, the Company has provided a valuation allowance against its U.S., Canadian and all its foreign deferred tax assets in 2018. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had a $0.9 million net deferred tax asset attributable to its profitable foreign subsidiaries. Additionally, as there have been conditions that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the presumption exists that unremitted foreign earnings will be required to meet the existing obligations of its U.S. operations. As such, as of December 31, 2018, the Company has not recognized deferred tax liabilities on earnings that are not considered indefinitely reinvested, as these amounts are deemed immaterial. The deferred tax liabilities associated with earnings not considered indefinitely reinvested are primarily associated with foreign withholding and foreign exchange gain or loss on distributions that would be incurred upon distributions. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company had approximately $298.4 million of U.S., Canadian and foreign net operating losses (“NOL”) of which $66.2 million relate to the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries, $191.3 million relate to Canada, $30.8 million relate to the Company’s Swiss subsidiary and $10.1 million relate to the Company’s UK subsidiary. Of the $66.2 million U.S. federal NOL carryforwards, $59.2 million will expire at various dates from 2025 through 2037 , if not utilized, and the remaining is not subject to expiration. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company also had approximately $43.9 million of U.S. state NOL carryforwards that will expire at various dates from 2029 through 2038 , if not utilized. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company also had approximately $13.5 million of Canadian national and provincial research and development credits available for carryforward. The research and development credit carryforwards will expire at various dates through 2036 . As of December 31, 2018 , the Company’s Canadian Scientific, Research and Experimental Development pool was $11.4 million . Furthermore, as of December 31, 2018 , the Company had approximately $289.5 million of Canadian capital loss carryforwards, which do not expire. The deferred tax benefit of these loss carryforwards and research and development credits is ultimately subject to final determination by the respective taxation authorities. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company is currently performing an analysis to determine whether an ownership change under Section 382 of the IRC has occurred. If it is determined that the U.S. subsidiaries underwent an “ownership change” in 2018, the effect of this change would result in the imposition of a significant limitation on the use of the Company’s NOLs and other tax attributes. The Company recorded a provision for uncertain tax positions (“UTP”) of approximately $7.3 million , partially offset by $6.7 million of the Company’s deferred tax assets at December 31, 2018 , for a net $0.6 million provision for UTP as of December 31, 2018 . The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s provision for UTP: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Total provision for UTP as of January 1, $ 7,777 $ 7,660 Increases related to current year tax positions 655 62 Changes in tax positions of prior periods (1,044 ) 55 Total provision for UTP as of December 31, 7,388 7,777 Deferred tax assets available to offset provision for UTP (6,748 ) (7,360 ) Total provision for UTP as of December 31, $ 640 $ 417 As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company has accrued an insignificant amount of interest as a result of the deferred assets available to offset its provision for UTP. The Swiss tax authorities have challenged the Company’s position as a principal company and are attempting to establish the Swiss subsidiary as a limited risk distributor at a formal transfer pricing arrangement. The UTP established in prior years for transfer pricing adjustments made at the Company’s U.S. parent and Swiss subsidiary can be decreased as a result of the Swiss audit, which is expected to be completed in 2019. The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in Canada, the U.S., and various U.S. states and in foreign jurisdictions. The Canadian income tax returns are generally subject to tax examination for the tax years ended December 31, 2012 through December 31, 2018. The U.S., U.S. state and foreign income tax returns are generally subject to tax examinations for the tax years ended December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2018. To the extent the Company has tax attribute carryforwards, the tax years in which the attribute was generated may still be adjusted upon examination by the tax authorities. On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). This Act includes significant changes in U.S. tax law, including a reduction in the corporate tax rates and creating a territorial tax system with a one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred foreign earnings of U.S. subsidiaries. The Act reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. As a result of the Act, the Company was required to revalue its existing U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 from the 35% federal rate in effect through the end of 2017, to the new 21% rate. As a result of the change in law, the Company recorded a current period tax expense of $21.5 million and a corresponding reduction in the associated valuation allowance, for a net adjustment of zero, to its Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Act required the Company to pay tax on the unremitted earnings of its foreign subsidiaries through December 31, 2017. The Company has estimated that its foreign subsidiaries are in an overall net earnings deficit and as such would have no incremental U.S. tax and therefore has recorded no tax liability on its unremitted earnings at December 31, 2017. In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. The Company did not record any adjustments in the year ended December 31, 2018 to provisional amounts that were material to its financial statements. As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s accounting treatment is complete.

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	Segment Information The Company currently operates as one business segment, pharmaceuticals, and is focused on the development and commercialization of two commercial products. The Company’s interim Chief Executive Officer is currently the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company does not operate any separate lines of business or separate business entities with respect to its products. Accordingly, the Company does not accumulate discrete financial information with respect to separate service lines and does not have separate reportable segments. Enterprise-wide disclosures about net revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area and information relating to major customers are presented below. Net Revenues The following table summarizes total net revenues from external customers by product and by geographic region, based on the location of the customer. Year Ended December 31, 2018 U.S. Japan Brazil Other Foreign Countries Total (in thousands) Metreleptin $ 47,942 $ 945 $ 5,170 $ 17,303 $ 71,360 Lomitapide 35,461 10,822 388 12,401 59,072 Total net revenues $ 83,403 $ 11,767 $ 5,558 $ 29,704 $ 130,432 Year Ended December 31, 2017 U.S. Japan Brazil Other Foreign Countries Total (in thousands) Metreleptin $ 50,972 $ 788 $ 6,837 $ 7,711 $ 66,308 Lomitapide 46,431 5,836 6,659 13,204 72,130 Total net revenues $ 97,403 $ 6,624 $ 13,496 $ 20,915 $ 138,438 Net revenues generated from customers outside of the U.S., Japan and Brazil, as listed in the column “Other Foreign Countries,” were primarily derived from Canada, Colombia, France, Germany and Turkey for the year ended December 31, 2018 and from Canada, Argentina, Colombia and Greece during the year ended December 31, 2017 . Significant Customers For the year ended December 31, 2018 , one customer accounted for 64% of the Company’s net revenues and accounted for 35% of the Company’s December 31, 2018 accounts receivable balance. For the year ended December 31, 2017 , two customers accounted for 70% of the Company’s net revenues; of these two customers, one customer accounted for 63% of the Company’s December 31, 2017 accounts receivable balance. Long-lived Assets The Company’s long-lived assets are primarily comprised of intangible assets and property and equipment. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , 100% of the Company’s intangible assets were held by the Company’s indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Aegerion. Of that, 65% of the intangible assets were attributable to Aegerion’s U.S. business, with the remaining 35% attributable to Aegerion’s European holding company, as of both December 31, 2018 and 2017 . As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, 66% and 75%

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Leases The Company leased certain office facilities and office equipment pursuant to operating leases during the year ended December 31, 2018 . The future minimum payments for office space and office equipment over the next five years are summarized as follows: Lease Commitments Years Ending December 31,: (in thousands) 2019 $ 1,246 2020 432 2021 190 2022 134 2023 97 Thereafter 41 Total $ 2,140 Rent expense pursuant to operating leases was approximately $3.1 million and $3.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Other Commitments Amgen Licensing Agreements Metreleptin . In connection with Aegerion’s acquisition of MYALEPT in January 2015, Aegerion acquired a license agreement between Amgen Inc. (“Amgen”) and Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated February 7, 2006 (the “Amgen License”) pursuant to which an exclusive worldwide license was obtained from Amgen to certain know-how and patents and patent applications covering the composition of matter and methods of use of metreleptin to develop, manufacture and commercialize a preparation containing metreleptin (the “Amgen Licensed Products”). As part of the Amgen License, an exclusive sublicense of Amgen’s exclusive rights to certain metreleptin-related patents and patent applications owned by the Rockefeller University and exclusively licensed to Amgen under a license agreement dated April 14, 1995, as amended (the “Rockefeller License”) and an exclusive sublicense of Amgen’s non-exclusive rights to certain metreleptin-related patents and patent applications owned by The Regents of the University of California and non-exclusively licensed to Amgen under a license agreement dated July 13, 2005 (the “UCSF License”) were obtained. Amgen retains rights to conduct research, development, manufacturing and commercialization activities with respect to products other than the Amgen Licensed Products. Sublicenses under the licenses are permitted and are subject to certain limitations, including Amgen’s right of first offer for any out-license, partnership, co-development, commercialization, co-promotion or similar agreement related to metreleptin or the Amgen Licensed Products, which expires in February 2021. Under this license agreement, Amgen must notify Aegerion of any potential third-party partnership regarding any intellectual property rights controlled by Amgen in the neurology field and Aegerion will have a right of first negotiation for any license, partnership, co-development, commercialization, co-promotion or similar agreement, which expires in February 2021. Aegerion is required to make royalty payments to Amgen on net sales of each Amgen Licensed Product on a country-by-country basis (i) at a royalty rate in the low double digits where the Amgen Licensed Product has patent protection or market exclusivity granted by a regulatory authority at the time of regulatory approval in the applicable country during the applicable royalty term, which runs on a country-by-country basis until the later of (a) the expiration of the last-to-expire valid claim covering an Amgen Licensed Product in the applicable country, (b) expiration of any market exclusivity granted by a regulatory authority, and (c) ten years from the date on which an Amgen Licensed Product is first sold to a third party in a country after regulatory approval for the Amgen Licensed Product has been granted in such country (“Amgen Royalty Term”) or (ii) at a royalty rate in the mid-single digits to low double digits where the Amgen Licensed Product receives patent protection or market exclusivity following the time of regulatory approval in the applicable country, in either case subject to a variety of customary reductions. Under the Amgen License, Aegerion is also required to directly meet certain payment obligations under the Rockefeller License and UCSF License. Aegerion is required to make royalty payments to Rockefeller University on net sales of each product with patent rights or know-how in the field of obesity genes, obesity gene products, and molecules that modulate or mediate their action and/or regulation on a country-by-country basis at a range of royalty rates in the low single digits depending on whether the product has an orphan product designation or not until the later to occur of expiration of (i) patent protection, (ii) any market exclusivity period granted in the applicable country, or (iii) any data exclusivity period in the applicable country (with certain limitations related to the number of units sold). In February 2015, Aegerion paid a one-time $5.0 million milestone payment to Rockefeller University, which was due twelve months following the receipt of marketing approval for MYALEPT in the U.S. Aegerion is also required to pay to Rockefeller University a percentage in the low double digits of any upfront license fees or one-time fees Aegerion receives in consideration for any sublicense of the licensed rights. There are no material payment obligations outstanding under the UCSF License. Also, in connection with the acquisition of metreleptin, Aegerion entered into a letter agreement with AstraZeneca pursuant to which Aegerion agreed to make royalty payments payable by AstraZeneca and its affiliates to BMS with respect to net sales of metreleptin in the U.S. The time-based royalty rate ranges from mid-single digits to low double digits, increasing annually in years 2016 to 2019 from rates in the low single digits to low double digits, peaking in years 2019 to 2020 at a rate in the low double digits before decreasing in years 2022 through 2025 to rates in the high single digits to mid-single digits. The royalty obligation to BMS terminates in 2026. The Amgen License will terminate upon the expiration of the last Amgen Royalty Term for any Amgen Licensed Product. Aegerion has the right to terminate the Amgen License for convenience upon 90 days prior written notice to Amgen or for Amgen’s uncured material breach of the Amgen License, or becoming subject to specified bankruptcy or liquidation events. Amgen may terminate the Amgen License for Aegerion’s uncured failure to make payments to Amgen or if Aegerion is the subject of specified bankruptcy or liquidation events. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , Aegerion made aggregate royalty payments of $12.6 million and $9.7 million to Amgen, Rockefeller University and BMS, and had $4.5 million and $2.9 million in aggregate royalties payable as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. University of Pennsylvania Licensing Agreement Lomitapide . In May 2006, Aegerion entered into a license agreement with The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (“UPenn”) pursuant to which it obtained an exclusive, worldwide license from UPenn to certain know-how and a range of patent rights applicable to lomitapide. In particular, Aegerion obtained a license to certain patent and patent applications owned by UPenn relating to the dosing of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors, including lomitapide, and certain patents and patent applications and know-how covering the composition of matter of lomitapide that were assigned to UPenn by BMS in the field of monotherapy or in combination with other dyslipidemic therapies, which are therapies for the treatment of patients, with abnormally high or low levels of plasma cholesterol or triglycerides. Aegerion is obligated under this license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop, commercialize, market and sell at least one product covered by the licensed patent rights, such as lomitapide. In addition, Aegerion will be required to make specified royalty payments on net sales of products, at a range of royalty rates in the high single digits on net sales of lomitapide in countries where lomitapide has patent protection, and of any other products covered by the license (subject to a variety of customary reductions), and share with UPenn specified percentages of sublicensing royalties and certain other consideration that Aegerion receives under any sublicenses that Aegerion may grant. Pursuant to Aegerion’s current license agreement with UPenn, UPenn is entitled to receive 15% of the $25 million upfront payment (which is payable to UPenn in May 2019), 15% of the marketing authorization transfer milestone and any subsequent sales milestone payments received from Recordati and 25% of royalty payments received by Aegerion from Recordati under the Japan License Agreement, as further discussed in Note 17, Subsequent Events . These same terms apply to other sublicenses under the UPenn agreement. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , Aegerion made royalty payments in the amounts of $2.6 million and $3.1 million , respectively, to UPenn. Additionally, Aegerion accrued an additional $0.7 million in royalties to UPenn as of both December 31, 2018 and 2017 . This license agreement will remain in effect on a country-by-country basis until the expiration of the last-to-expire licensed patent right in the applicable country. Aegerion has the right to terminate this license agreement for UPenn’s uncured material breach of the license agreement or for convenience upon 60 days ’ prior written notice to UPenn, subject to certain specific conditions and consequences. UPenn may terminate this license agreement for Aegerion’s uncured material breach of the license agreement, its uncured failure to make payments to UPenn or if Aegerion is the subject of specified bankruptcy or liquidation events. Indemnities In connection with the sale of assets, the Company provided indemnities with respect to certain matters, including product liability, patent infringement, contractual breaches and misrepresentations, and the Company provides other indemnities to third parties under the clinical trial, license, service, supply and other agreements that it enters into in the normal course of its business. If the indemnified party were to make a successful claim pursuant to the terms of the indemnity, the Company would be required to reimburse the loss. These indemnities are generally subject to threshold amounts, specified claims periods and other restrictions and limitations. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , no amounts have been accrued in connection with such indemnities. Development and Post Marketing Regulatory Commitments Novelion and Aegerion have engaged Contract Research Organizations (“CROs”) to provide research, safety and project management services (the “Services”) in connection with the execution of their potential clinical trials, post-marketing commitments and existing registries. Services would only give rise to liabilities to the extent that services are provided to Novelion or Aegerion, as applicable, and pass through expenses are incurred. As of December 31, 2018 , the Services have not yet been performed and the Company has potential commitments of approximately $44.7 million under these agreements. The amount reflected is based on the existing contracts and does not reflect any inflation, future modification to, or termination of, the existing contracts or anticipated or potential new contracts. Legal Matters The Company accrues a liability for legal contingencies when it believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that it can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. The Company reviews these accruals and adjusts them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained and the Company’s views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations or legal proceedings change, changes in the Company’s loss contingency accrual would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made. DOJ/SEC Investigations In late 2013, Aegerion received a subpoena from the Department of Justice (the “DOJ”), represented by the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Boston, requesting documents regarding its marketing and sale of JUXTAPID in the U.S., as well as related public disclosures (the “DOJ investigation”). In late 2014, Aegerion received a subpoena from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requesting certain information related to Aegerion’s sales activities and disclosures related to JUXTAPID. The SEC also requested documents and information on a number of other topics, including documents related to the investigations by government authorities in Brazil into whether Aegerion’s activities in Brazil violated Brazilian anti-corruption laws, and whether Aegerion’s activities in Brazil violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”). As a result of the SEC’s investigation, Aegerion consented to the entry of a final judgment, on September 25, 2017, in connection with a complaint filed by the SEC without admitting or denying the allegations set forth in the complaint (“the SEC Judgment”). The complaint alleged negligent violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, related to certain statements made by Aegerion in 2013 regarding the conversion rate for JUXTAPID prescriptions. The SEC Judgment, which was approved by a U.S. District Court judge on September 25, 2017, provides that Aegerion must pay a civil penalty in the amount of $4.1 million , to be paid in installments over three years , plus interest on any unpaid balance at a rate of 1.75% per annum. As of December 31, 2018 , $0.9 million remains due as a current liability, and $0.7 million remains due as a non-current liability. Aegerion’s payment of this civil penalty is subject to acceleration in the event of certain change of control transactions or certain transfers of Aegerion’s rights in MYALEPT or JUXTAPID. Aegerion’s payment schedule is also subject to acceleration in the event that Aegerion fails to satisfy its payment obligations under the SEC Judgment. In connection with the DOJ investigation, Aegerion entered into a Plea Agreement, a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (“DPA”), a Civil Settlement, certain State Settlement Agreements, and a Consent Decree of Permanent Injunction (“FDA Consent Decree”). Under the Court-approved DOJ Plea Agreement, Aegerion pled guilty to two misdemeanor misbranding violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) and on January 30, 2018, a U.S. District Court Judge sentenced Aegerion. The Court did not impose a criminal fine and instead ordered Aegerion to pay restitution, in the amount of $7.2 million payable over three years , plus interest on any unpaid balance at a rate of 1.75% per annum, into a fund managed by an independent claims administrator. As of December 31, 2018 , $2.0 million remains due as a current liability, and $2.3 million remains due as a non-current liability. As contemplated by the Plea Agreement, Aegerion was further sentenced to a three -year term of probation. Among the terms of probation, Aegerion must (i) comply with federal, state and local laws, (ii) notify its probation officer of any prosecution, major civil litigation or administrative proceeding, (iii) seek permission of its probation officer prior to selling, assigning or transferring assets, (iv) notify its probation officer of any material change in its economic circumstances, (v) forbear from disparaging the factual basis of Aegerion’s plea or denying that Aegerion itself is guilty, and (vi) comply with the DPA and Corporate Integrity Agreement (“CIA”) (and submit certain reports prepared thereunder to its probation officer). Under the terms of the DPA, Aegerion admitted it engaged in conduct that constituted a conspiracy to violate the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”). The DPA provides that Aegerion must continue to cooperate fully with the DOJ concerning its investigation into other individuals or entities. The DPA provides that Aegerion must maintain a robust compliance and ethics program that includes significant certification, training, monitoring, and other requirements. Aegerion, as well as the Board of Directors of the Company (or a designated committee thereof), must also conduct regular reviews of its compliance and ethics program, provide certifications to the DOJ that the program is believed to be effective and notify the DOJ of any probable violations of HIPAA. In the event Aegerion breaches the DPA, there is a risk the government would seek to impose remedies provided for in the DPA, including instituting criminal prosecution against Aegerion and/or seeking to impose stipulated penalties against Aegerion. The DPA is subject to supervision by a U.S. District Court judge. Aegerion also entered into the DOJ Civil Settlement Agreement to resolve allegations by the DOJ that false claims for JUXTAPID were submitted to governmental healthcare programs. The DOJ Civil Settlement Agreement requires Aegerion to pay a civil settlement in the amount of $28.8 million , which includes up to $2.7 million designated for certain U.S. states relating to Medicaid expenditures for JUXTAPID, to be paid in installments over three years . As of December 31, 2018 , $8.8 million remains due as a current liability, and $16.4 million remains due as a non-current liability. Aegerion’s payment of this civil settlement amount is subject to acceleration in the event of certain change of control transactions or certain transfers of Aegerion’s rights in MYALEPT or JUXTAPID. In the event that Aegerion fails to satisfy its obligations under the DOJ Civil Settlement Agreement, Aegerion could be subject to additional penalties or litigation. Aegerion also agreed to enter into the State Settlement Agreements to resolve claims under state law analogues to the federal False Claims Act. The terms of the State Settlement Agreements are substantially similar to those set forth in the DOJ Civil Settlement Agreement. As noted above, participating states will receive up to $2.7 million in the aggregate from the $28.8 million amount to be paid pursuant to the DOJ Civil Settlement Agreement. Aegerion also agreed to the FDA Consent Decree with the DOJ and the FDA to resolve a separate civil complaint alleging that Aegerion violated the FDCA by failing to comply with the JUXTAPID REMS program and the requirement to provide adequate directions for all of the uses for which it distributed JUXTAPID. The FDA Consent Decree requires Aegerion, among other things, to comply with the JUXTAPID REMS program; retain a qualified independent auditor to conduct annual audits of its compliance with the JUXTAPID REMS program; and remediate any noncompliance identified by the auditor within specified timeframes. In the event Aegerion fails to comply with the JUXTAPID REMS program or any other provisions of the FDA Consent Decree, Aegerion could be subject to additional administrative remedies, civil or criminal penalties and/or stipulated damages. Aegerion is required to notify the FDA in advance of certain changes in control, or changes in its business that may affect its operations, assets, rights or liabilities in the United States. On May 18, 2018, the DOJ and Aegerion filed a joint motion seeking a hearing concerning the status of the FDA Consent Decree, which does not take effect until it is approved by the Court and the injunction order is issued. On August 8, 2018, the DOJ and Aegerion filed a memorandum in support of the Consent Decree. A hearing on the motion for entry of the FDA Consent Decree has been set for March 18, 2019. Separately, Aegerion entered into a CIA with the Department of Human Services Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”). The CIA requires Aegerion, among other things, to maintain a compliance program with significant requirements relating to, among other things, training, monitoring, annual risk assessment and mitigation processes, independent review of Aegerion’s compliance and other activities, a disclosure program, and an executive financial recoupment program. Under the CIA, Aegerion, as well as the Board of Directors of the Company (or a designated committee thereof), must also conduct regular reviews of Aegerion’s compliance program and provide an annual resolution or certification to OIG that the program is believed to be effective. Additionally, Aegerion has certain certification and reporting obligations under the CIA. In the event Aegerion breaches the CIA, there is a risk the government would seek to impose remedies provided for in the CIA, including seeking to impose stipulated penalties against Aegerion and/or seeking to exclude Aegerion from participation in federal healthcare programs. Investigations in Brazil Federal prosecutors in Brazil are conducting an investigation to determine whether there have been violations of Brazilian laws related to the sales of JUXTAPID in Brazil. In July 2016, the Ethics Council of Interfarma fined Aegerion’s subsidiary in Brazil (“Aegerion Brazil”) approximately $0.5 million for violations to its Code of Conduct, to which Aegerion Brazil is bound due to its affiliation with Interfarma. Also, the Board of Directors of Interfarma imposed an additional penalty of suspension of Aegerion Brazil’s membership, without suspension of Aegerion Brazil’s membership contribution, for a period of 180 days for Aegerion Brazil to demonstrate the implementation of effective measures to cease alleged irregular conduct, or exclusion of the Company’s membership in Interfarma if such measures are not implemented. Aegerion Brazil paid the fine of approximately $0.5 million during the third quarter of 2016. In March 2017, after the suspension period ended, Interfarma’s Board of Directors decided to reintegrate Aegerion Brazil, enabling it to participate regularly in Interfarma activities, subject to meeting certain obligations. Also, in July 2016, Aegerion Brazil received an inquiry from a Public Prosecutor Office of the Brazilian State of Paraná asking it to respond to questions related to media coverage regarding JUXTAPID and its relationship with a patient association to which Aegerion made donations for patient support. This preliminary inquiry was later reclassified as a civil inquiry, which is a preliminary procedure by the Public Prosecutor’s Office that aims to verify if there are enough elements for it to file a formal lawsuit or to dismiss the inquiry. In March 2018, the Paraná State Public Prosecutor’s Office sent the civil inquiry to the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office, after deciding that the potential case should be subject to federal jurisdiction. The Federal Public Prosecutor dismissed the case in January 2019. In June 2017, the Federal Public Prosecutor of the City of São José dos Campos, State of São Paulo, in connection with its criminal investigation into former employees of Aegerion Brazil, requested that a Brazilian federal court provide federal investigators with access to the bank records of certain individuals and entities, including Aegerion Brazil, certain former Aegerion Brazil employees, a Brazilian patient association, and certain Brazilian physicians. The Federal Trial Court Judge issued a decision on July 12, 2018 authorizing the access to the banking records on the terms that the Federal Public Prosecutor of the City of São José dos Campos had requested. On July 16, 2018, Aegerion Brazil filed an appeal of the decision that authorized the breach of the banking secrecy, which was denied by the Federal Court Judge. The Public Prosecutor in São José dos Campos continues to gather information in connection with this investigation. At this time, the Company does not know whether the inquiry of the Public Prosecutor in São José dos Campos will result in the commencement of any formal proceeding against Aegerion, but if Aegerion’s activities in Brazil are found to violate any laws or governmental regulations, Aegerion may be subject to significant civil lawsuits to be filed by the Public Prosecution office, and administrative penalties imposed by Brazilian regulatory authorities and additional damages and fines. Under certain circumstances, Aegerion could be barred from further sales to federal and/or state governments in Brazil, including sales of JUXTAPID and/or MYALEPT, due to penalties imposed by Brazilian regulatory authorities or through civil actions initiated by federal or state public prosecutors. Additionally, Aegerion continues to respond to inquiries from the SEC concerning the investigations by Brazilian authorities, and, in November 2018 and January 2019, entered into tolling agreements with the SEC with respect to this matter. The Company cannot determine if a loss is probable as a result of the investigations and inquiry in Brazil and whether the outcome will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and, as a result, no amounts have been recorded for a loss contingency. Qui Tam Litigation In March 2014, an amended qui tam complaint was filed under seal in the District of Massachusetts against Aegerion, two former executive officers and a former employee. United States ex rel Clarke v. Aegerion Pharm. Inc. , No. 13-cv-11785-IT. On September 22, 2017, the U.S. filed a notice of intervention as to Aegerion. On September 27, 2017, the qui tam relators filed a second amended complaint naming additional parties, including a former board member, former executives, and former employees of Aegerion, as well as other third parties. The second amended complaint noted that the relators would file a joint stipulation of dismissal with respect to Aegerion upon the completion of certain conditions set forth in the Civil Settlement Agreement. On October 27, 2017, the court granted Aegerion and relators’ joint motion to stay proceedings until sentencing in the criminal matter is complete. On February 20, 2018, Aegerion was dismissed from the qui tam lawsuit. On June 5, 2018, two of the remaining defendants were dismissed from the lawsuit and on June 19, 2018, the remaining individual defendants filed a motion to dismiss the qui tam lawsuit. A hearing on the matter to dismiss is scheduled for March 20, 2019. Although Aegerion is not a party to the lawsuit, it could be liable for certain defense costs and damages for defendants remaining in the lawsuit. Although the Company does not believe the outcome of the lawsuit will have a material adverse effect on the Company, the Company cannot determine if a loss is probable as a result of the lawsuit and, as a result, no amounts have been recorded for a loss contingency. Contingent Consideration Receivable Related to the Sale of Visudyne® On September 24, 2012, the Company completed the sale of its Visudyne business to Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (“Valeant”). Subject to the achievement of certain future milestones, the Company was eligible to receive the following additional consideration: (i) a milestone payment of $5.0 million if receipt of the registration required for commercial sale of the Qcellus ™ laser in the U.S. (the Laser Registration) is obtained by December 31, 2013, $2.5 million if the Laser Registration is obtained after December 31, 2013 but before January 1, 2015, and $0 if the Laser Registration is obtained thereafter (the “Laser Earn-Out Payment”); (ii) up to $5.0 million in each calendar year commencing January 1, 2013 (up to a maximum of $15.0 million in the aggregate) for annual net royalties exceeding $8.5 million pursuant to the Amended and Restated PDT Product Development, Manufacturing and Distribution Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG (the “Novartis Agreement”) or from other third-party sales of Visudyne outside of the U.S.; and (iii) a royalty on net sales attributable to new indications for Visudyne, if any should be approved by the FDA. On September 26, 2013, the FDA approved the premarket approval application (“PMA”) supplement for the Qcellus laser and on October 10, 2013, the Company invoiced Valeant for the $5.0 million Laser Earn-Out Payment. Valeant subsequently disputed payment on the basis that it believes the Laser Earn-Out Payment remains contingent upon receipt of additional governmental authorizations with regard to the Qcellus laser. As a result, on September 22, 2015 the Company commenced an action in the Supreme Court of British Columbia against Valeant for breach of contract. In December 2017, we agreed to a settlement of this litigation in exchange for a settlement payment from Valeant of $0.5 million , and such payment was recorded as other income in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. Related to the Sale of the PPDS Technology On April 3, 2013, Novelion completed the sale of its punctal plug drug delivery system technology for approximately $1.3 million (the “PPDS Technology”) to Mati Therapeutics Inc. (“Mati”) pursuant to the terms of Novelion’s asset purchase agreement with Mati (the “Mati Agreement”). Under the terms of the Mati Agreement, Novelion is eligible to receive future potential payments upon completion of certain product development and commercialization milestones that could reach $19.5 million (or exceed that amount if more than two products are commercialized), a low single digit royalty on worldwide net sales of all products using or developed from the PPDS Technology and a fee on payments received by Mati in respect of the PPDS Technology other than net sales revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company received no

Selected Quarterly Financial Da

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)	<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;"><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">The following table contains quarterly financial information for the years ended 2018 and 2017.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;"><div style="padding-left:0px;text-indent:0px;line-height:normal;padding-top:10px;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;"><tr><td colspan="16" rowspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:38%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:2%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:2%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:2%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">Quarter Ended</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">December 31, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">September 30, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">June 30, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">March 31, 2018</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">(in thousands, except per share amounts)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net revenues</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">40,710</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">30,334</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">31,904</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">27,484</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Cost of product sales</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">17,958</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">12,531</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">15,703</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">13,505</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Loss from operations</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">1,030</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(11,727</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(17,894</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(21,476</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net loss</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(19,429</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(24,808</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(31,262</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(32,828</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net loss per common share - basic and diluted</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.03</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.32</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.67</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.76</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">Quarter Ended</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">December 31, 2017</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">September 30, 2017</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">June 30, 2017</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">March 31, 2017</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">(in thousands, except per share amounts)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net revenues</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;">38,908</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events Loan Facilities As described in Note 8, Loan Facilitie s, on January 31, 2019, Aegerion provided notice to the Bridge Agent electing to extend the initial maturity date of the Bridge Loans to June 30, 2019, as permitted under the Bridge Credit Agreement. Aegerion paid the required extension fee on February 15, 2019 and, accordingly, the maturity date of the Bridge Loans has been extended to June 30, 2019. Recordati License Agreement On February 5, 2019 (the “Effective Date”), Aegerion entered into a license agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Recordati for the commercialization of JUXTAPID ® (lomitapide) in Japan. Under the terms of the License Agreement, and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Aegerion granted to Recordati an exclusive license in Japan, for the current marketed indication for HoFH, with the right to grant sub-licenses, to manufacture and commercialize the Company’s current JUXTAPID product. During the term of the License Agreement, Recordati also has an exclusive right of first negotiation to any new indications for JUXTAPID in Japan. Pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement, and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Recordati is required to make the following payments to Aegerion: (i) $25.0 million as a one-time upfront payment on the Effective Date (which has been paid to Aegerion), (ii) $5.0 million as a one-time payment within 45 days following the date on which the Japan marketing authorization for JUXTAPID is successfully transferred to Recordati (the “Completion Date”), (iii) quarterly royalty payments, during the term of the License Agreement, equal to 22.5% of all net sales of JUXTAPID in Japan, and (iv) 20% of all other sublicense revenues received by Recordati or any of its affiliates. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement, Aegerion may receive from Recordati commercial milestone payments (up to a total of $80.0 million ) for net sales in Japan, conditioned and based upon the achievement of certain net sales levels in Japan, the first $12.5 million installment of which becomes payable at the end of the first quarter in which cumulative net sales in Japan reach $70.0 million , and which are payable in incremental installments thereafter at the end of each quarter in which cumulative net sales in Japan increase by $70.0 million (in increments of $12.5 million until cumulative net sales reach $280.0 million and then in incremental installments of $5.0 million until cumulative net sales reach $700.0 million ). Pursuant to the terms of Aegerion’s Bridge Credit Agreement and after taking into account amounts payable to UPenn (as described below), Aegerion retained $15.0 million of the upfront payment, of which $12.0 million is to be used in accordance with a proceeds reinvestment budget (which primarily relates to the development activities related to MYALEPT as a potential treatment for PL in the U.S.), and the balance is to be used in accordance with a general budget of Aegerion, in each case, subject to certain restrictions. The remaining net cash proceeds (including the $5.0 million marketing authorization transfer fee and royalty payments, less amounts owed to UPenn) were or will be paid to Novelion to repay a portion of the outstanding Intercompany Loan comprising the portion of the loan that the Bridge Lenders agreed would not be contested and to the Bridge Lenders to repay a portion of the outstanding Bridge Loans, on a 42% and 58% basis, respectively. Further, pursuant to Aegerion’s current license agreement with UPenn, UPenn is entitled to receive 15% of the $25 million upfront payment (which is payable to UPenn in May 2019), 15% of the marketing authorization transfer milestone and any subsequent sales milestone payments received from Recordati and 25% of royalty payments received by Aegerion from Recordati under the Japan License Agreement. Aegerion and Recordati have also entered into a customary supply agreement under which Aegerion will supply JUXTAPID to Recordati (or its affiliate) at cost plus an agreed upon markup for an initial term of two years with automatic renewal for successive two year terms, and a customary transitional services agreement under which Aegerion will continue to perform certain commercialization and administrative services on Recordati’s behalf until the Completion Date (during which time, in lieu of paying royalties and cost-plus supply and transitional services during this period, Aegerion will retain 40% of the net sales of JUXTAPID in Japan and remit the remaining 60% of net sales to Recordati) and certain other customary transitional services (if so requested by Recordati) at mutually agreed hourly rates for a term not to exceed six months from the Completion Date.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Principles (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation	Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All amounts herein are expressed in U.S. dollars (“USD”) unless otherwise noted.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates
Reporting and Functional Currency	Reporting and Functional Currency The Company’s reporting currency is the USD and its operations utilize the USD or local currency as the functional currency, where applicable. Transactions in other currencies are recorded in the functional currency at the rate of exchange prevailing when the transactions occur. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies are re-measured into the functional currency at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Exchange gains and losses arising from re-measurement of foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in income in the period in which they occur.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents
Accounts Receivable, net	Accounts Receivable, net
Inventories and Cost of Product Sales	Inventories and Cost of Product Sales Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory is maintained on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets until the inventory is sold, donated as part of the Company’s compassionate use program, or used for clinical development. Inventory that is sold is recognized as cost of product sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, inventory that is donated as part of the Company’s compassionate use program is recognized as a selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, expired inventory is disposed of and the related costs are recognized as cost of product sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and inventory used for clinical development is recognized as research and development (“R&D”) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Inventories are reviewed periodically to identify slow-moving inventory based on sales activity, both projected and historical, as well as product shelf-life. The portion of the slow-moving inventory not expected to be sold within one year is classified as non-current inventory in the Company's accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates its ending inventories for excess quantities and obsolescence. This evaluation includes an analysis of sales levels by product type, the expiration date of the Company’s finished goods on-hand at each balance sheet date, as well as the anticipated unit forecast for demand for each product. Any changes to the demand of either product may result in a reserve for excess and obsolescence if the Company believes inventory will expire prior to being commercially sold, and such charge will be recorded to cost of product sales. If the asset becomes impaired or is abandoned, the carrying value is written down to its net realizable value, and an impairment charge is recorded in the period in which the impairment occurs. In evaluating the recoverability of inventories produced, the Company considers the probability that revenue will be obtained from the future sale of the related inventory.
Prepaid Manufacturing Costs	Prepaid Manufacturing Costs
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method based on estimated economic lives of three to five years for office furniture, fixtures, research equipment and other equipment, and three years for computer
Deferred Financing Costs	Deferred Financing Costs
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets
Impairment of Long-lived Assets	Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Contingencies	Contingencies
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company applied the revenue recognition guidance in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic No. 605-15, Revenue Recognition-Products (“ASC 605”). Effective January 1, 2018, the Company applies the revenue recognition guidance in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). The adoption of ASC Topic 606 did not change the Company’s revenue recognition and recognition of cost of product sales. As the Company did not identify any accounting changes that impacted the amount of net revenues, no adjustment to retained earnings was required upon adoption. Prior to the second quarter of 2017, due to insufficient historical data to reasonably estimate the gross-to-net adjustments for rebates related to payers and insurance providers at the time of receipt by the Company’s distributor for MYALEPT in the U.S., the Company accounted for MYALEPT shipments using a deferred revenue recognition model (sell-through method). Beginning in the second quarter of 2017, the Company determined that there was sufficient history to reasonably estimate expected rebates, and, to align its existing and anticipated revenue streams of products sold within the U.S., began recognizing sales of MYALEPT upon title transfer to distributors (sell-in method). Accordingly, the Company recognized a one-time increase in net revenue of $2.3 million resulting from this change in estimate in the second quarter of 2017, representing previously deferred product sales. As a result of the adoption of ASC Topic 606, net revenues associated with sales of MYALEPT during the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been consistent as the original amount recognized by the Company during the same period under ASC 605. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2017, to improve distribution efficiency, the Company signed a letter of intent for the distribution of JUXTAPID with the same specialty pharmacy that distributes MYALEPT in the U.S. The agreement was finalized in October 2017, and the transition of this distribution model was completed in November 2017. Prior to the transition, the specialty pharmacy that distributed JUXTAPID did not take title to JUXTAPID; title was transferred upon delivery of JUXTAPID to the patients (sell-through model), and revenue was recognized upon the delivery to the patients, which is consistent with the accounting guidance under ASC Topic 606. Subsequent to completion of the transition, revenue from sales of JUXTAPID in the U.S. has been recognized upon title transfer to distributors (sell-in method) under ASC 605. Upon adoption of ASC Topic 606, there has been no change to revenue recognition. The Company’s net revenues have primarily been derived from product sales; the Company’s remaining revenues are derived from the royalties on product sales made by its sublicensees in the EU and other territories. The following summarizes the revenue recognition for the respective revenue streams. Product Sales Revenues The Company recognizes revenue from sales of metreleptin and lomitapide at the point in time when control transfers, typically upon transfer of product to the carrier or delivery of product to customers. Revenue is recognized net of estimated discounts, rebates, and any taxes collected from customers which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Payment terms vary by contract, but it is typically due within 30 to 120 days of delivery to the customer. Generally, the period between when the Company transfers or delivers the products and when payments are received is in one year or less, as such, the Company deems it unnecessary to assess whether a significant financing component exists and thus does not adjust the transaction price for the time value of money. Variable Consideration Product sales revenues are recognized at the net sales price (“transaction price”) which includes estimated reserves for variable consideration, upon the transfer of control of the Company’s products. Variable consideration primarily includes government rebates, prompt payment discounts and distribution service fees. Estimates of variable consideration are made at contract inception and historical experience, market trends, industry data, and statutory requirements are considered when determining such estimates. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. The Company reassesses variable consideration at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available with the variance recorded to product sales revenue. Government Rebates: The Company is subject to government mandated rebates for Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare and other government programs in the U.S. and other countries. These rebates are estimated based on actual payer information. The Company records an accrued liability for unpaid rebates related to products for which control has been transferred to distributors. Refer to Note 6, Accrued Liabilities , for further discussion of the change in the government rebates for metreleptin and lomitapide. Prompt Payment Discounts : The Company provides discounts to certain distributors if they pay for product within a defined period of time after title transfers, which terms are explicitly stated in the contract. These discounts are recorded as a reduction of revenue upon receipt of full payment from such distributors. Distributor Service Fees : Certain distributors provide distribution services to the Company for a fee, and the costs associated with these services are generally recorded as a reduction of revenue. Other Incentives : The Company offers other incentives that vary by contract; these incentives take into account specific relevant factors and are analyzed for revenue recognition purposes on a case by case basis. Other Revenues The Company has entered into agreements where the Company licenses certain rights to its products to sublicensees and earns royalties from product sales made by the sublicensees and milestone payments upon the achievement of certain levels of sales. Under ASC Topic 606, the Company recognizes royalty revenue and sales-related milestone payments, when applicable, at the later of (1) the time that the subsequent sale or usage occurs, or (2) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based or usage-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).
Research and Development Expenses	Research and Development Expenses
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income taxes are recorded using an asset and liability approach. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation For service-based awards, compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period. For awards that vest or begin vesting upon achievement of a performance condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense when achievement of the performance condition is deemed probable over the implicit service period. Certain of the Company’s awards that contain performance conditions also require the Company to estimate the number of awards that will vest, which the Company estimates when the performance condition is deemed probable of achievement. For awards that vest upon the achievement of a market condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the derived service period. For equity awards that have been modified and result in the change of the fair value, the vesting conditions or the classification of the award, any incremental increase in the fair value over the original award has been recorded as compensation expense on the date of the modification for vested awards or over the remaining service period for unvested awards.
Warrant Accounting	Warrant Accounting In connection with the Shareholder Term Loans, as further described in Note 8, Loan Facilities
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss
Recent Accounting Standards and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09” or “ASC 606”) and related ASUs, using the modified retrospective method. ASU 2014-09 represents a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU sets forth a new five-step revenue recognition model which replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance including industry-specific guidance. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 and the related ASUs did not change the Company’s revenue recognition and recognition of cost of product sales. As the Company did not identify any accounting changes that impacted the amount of net revenues, no adjustment to retained earnings was required upon adoption. Refer to the “Revenue Recognition” section above for the required disclosures and a discussion of the Company’s policies related to revenue recognition. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 seeks to reduce diversity in practice related to the classification of certain transactions in the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which amends a number of aspects of lease accounting and requires entities to recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”), which offers a transition option to entities adopting ASC 842. Under ASU 2018-11, entities can elect to apply ASC 842 using a modified-retrospective adoption approach resulting in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings/(accumulated deficit) at the beginning of the year in which the new lease standard is adopted, rather than adjustments to the earliest comparative period presented in their financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance and as such, the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will not change the classification of any of the existing leases as of the transition date. In addition, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components, and elected not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognize the associated lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their immediate or short-term maturities. Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3
Concentration Credit Risk	The Company is subject to credit risk from its accounts receivable related to product sales of metreleptin and lomitapide. The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable arises from product sales and primarily represents amounts due from distributors, named patients, and other entities. The Company monitors the financial performance and creditworthiness of its customers to properly assess and respond to changes in their credit profiles, and provides reserves against accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from a customer’s inability to pay. To date, the Company has not incurred any material credit losses.

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Inventories	The components of inventories are as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Work-in-process $ 26,676 $ 22,579 Finished goods 22,271 27,247 Total 48,947 49,826 Less: Inventories - current (12,745 ) (15,886 ) Inventories - non-current $ 36,202 $ 33,940

Property and Equipment, net (Ta

Property and Equipment, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment, net consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Leasehold improvements $ 1,730 $ 1,686 Office furniture and equipment 1,731 1,743 Computer and office equipment 4,073 3,768 Construction in progress — 123 Property and equipment, at cost 7,534 7,320 Less accumulated depreciation (5,949 ) (4,400 ) Property and equipment, net $ 1,585 $ 2,920

Intangible Assets (Tables)

Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Intangible Assets	Intangible asset balances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: December 31, 2018 Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value (in thousands) Developed technology - metreleptin $ 210,158 $ (44,084 ) $ 166,074 Developed technology - lomitapide 42,300 (8,198 ) 34,102 Total intangible assets $ 252,458 $ (52,282 ) $ 200,176 December 31, 2017 Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value (in thousands) Developed technology - metreleptin $ 210,158 $ (22,924 ) $ 187,234 Developed technology - lomitapide 42,300 (4,262 ) 38,038 Total intangible assets $ 252,458 $ (27,186 ) $ 225,272
Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangibles	As of December 31, 2018 , the estimated amortization expense related to these intangibles for future periods is as follows: Amount Years Ending December 31, (in thousands) 2019 $ 25,095 2020 25,095 2021 25,095 2022 25,095 2023 25,095 Thereafter 74,701 Total intangible assets subject to amortization $ 200,176

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities	Accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Accrued employee compensation and related costs $ 2,166 $ 7,755 Accrued professional fees 2,071 4,118 Accrued sales allowances 19,637 13,471 Accrued royalties 5,112 3,588 Other accrued liabilities 15,209 12,906 Total $ 44,195 $ 41,838
Schedule of Combined Activity in Sales Allowances and Reserves	The following table summarizes combined activity for the government rebates incurred in connection with the product sales of MYALEPT and JUXTAPID for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 . December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 13,471 $ 7,849 Provision 24,646 23,087 Payments (18,375 ) (17,465 ) Other adjustments (105 ) — Ending balance $ 19,637 $ 13,471

Restructuring (Tables)

Restructuring (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring and Related Costs	The following table sets forth the components of the restructuring charges and payments made related to restructuring activities. December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 10 $ — Costs incurred 2,151 2,536 Payments (1,782 ) (2,788 ) Other adjustments (20 ) 262 Ending balance $ 359 $ 10

Loan Facilities (Tables)

Loan Facilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Debt	Short-term debt consists of the following: December 31, 2018 New Money Loans Roll Up Loans Total (in thousands) Short-term principal and commitment fee $ 51,000 $ 22,500 $ 73,500 Exit fee payable 1,500 — 1,500 Accrued unpaid interest 826 66 892 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1,054 ) — (1,054 ) Debt discount (1,161 ) — (1,161 ) Total short-term debt $ 51,111 $ 22,566 $ 73,677

Convertible Notes, net (Tables)

Convertible Notes, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Outstanding Convertible Note Balances	The Company’s outstanding Convertible Note balances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Principal $ 302,498 $ 324,998 Less: debt discount (27,683 ) (66,460 ) Net carrying amount $ 274,815 $ 258,538
Schedule of Total Interest Expense Recognized Related to Convertible Notes	The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Contractual interest expense $ 6,435 $ 6,500 Amortization of debt discount 38,778 32,954 Total interest expense $ 45,213 $ 39,454
Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Term Loan Agreements	Future minimum payments under the Convertible Notes as are as follows: Amount (in thousands) Mature on August 15, 2019 $ 308,548 308,548 Less amount representing interest (6,050 ) Less debt discount, net (27,683 ) Net carrying amount of Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2018 $ 274,815

Fair Value of Financial Instr_2

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments	The fair value measurements of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 are summarized in the table below: Significant Quoted Prices in Other Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Balance at Identical Assets Inputs Inputs December 31, (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) 2018 (in thousands) Assets: Money market funds $ 6,998 $ — $ — $ 6,998 The fair value measurements of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2017 are summarized in the table below: Significant Quoted Prices in Other Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Balance at Identical Assets Inputs Inputs December 31, (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) 2017 (in thousands) Assets: Money market funds $ 20,046 $ — $ — $ 20,046

Basic and Diluted Net Loss pe_2

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Anti-Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Loss Per Share	The following table sets forth potential common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants, the vesting of restricted stock units and the conversion of the Convertible Notes (prior to consideration of the treasury stock and if-converted methods), which were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share because such instruments were anti-dilutive: As of December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Stock options 2,113 2,025 Unvested restricted stock units 127 445 Warrants 1,819 14,515 Convertible notes 1,507 1,619 Total 5,566 18,604

Stock-based Payments (Tables)

Stock-based Payments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions to Estimate Fair Value	The following weighted-average assumptions were used to value stock options granted in each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Expected stock price volatility 44.72 % 38.57 % Risk-free interest rate 2.73 % 2.04 % Expected life of options (years) 5.66 6.25 Expected dividend yield — —
Schedule of Stock Option Activity	The Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows: Weighted Weighted- Average Average Remaining Aggregate Number of Exercise Price Contractual Intrinsic Stock Options Per Share Life (years) Value Outstanding at January 1, 2018 2,025,415 $ 8.00 7.50 $ — Granted 1,373,999 3.51 Exercised — — Forfeited/cancelled (1,286,816 ) 7.10 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 2,112,598 $ 5.63 8.57 $ — Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 2,112,598 $ 5.63 8.57 $ — Exercisable at December 31, 2018 538,595 $ 7.74 6.98 $ —
Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity	The Company’s RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows: Weighted- Average Number of Grant Date RSUs Fair Value Outstanding at January 1, 2018 445,017 $ 8.29 Granted 187,875 4.52 Vested (243,639 ) 8.62 Forfeited/cancelled (262,366 ) 6.69 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 126,887 $ 5.40
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Valuation Assumptions	The Company estimates the fair value of the ESPP shares at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Expected stock price volatility 72.65 % 48.51 % Risk-free interest rate 2.10 % 1.45 % Expected life of options (years) 0.50 0.50 Expected dividend yield — —
Schedule of Allocation of Stock-Based Compensation Expense to Statements of Operations	The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Selling, general and administrative $ 2,589 $ 3,721 Research and development 471 816 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,060 $ 4,537

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of (Loss)/Income Before Provision for Income Taxes	Loss before provision for income taxes is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) U.S. $ (67,421 ) $ (69,034 ) Canada (12,588 ) (24,177 ) Other Foreign (26,719 ) (32,916 ) Loss before provision for income taxes $ (106,728 ) $ (126,127 )
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes	Provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Current benefit (provision): U.S. $ 52 $ 106 Canada 95 (3 ) Other Foreign (892 ) (633 ) (745 ) (530 ) Deferred provision: Other Foreign (854 ) (53 ) Provision for income taxes $ (1,599 ) $ (583 )
Schedule of Statutory and Effective Income Tax Rates	Differences between the Company’s statutory income tax rates and its effective income tax rates, as applied to the loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are reconciled as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Canadian statutory tax rates 27 % 26 % Loss before income taxes $ (106,728 ) $ (126,127 ) Expected income tax benefit 28,817 32,793 Net increase in valuation allowance (22,459 ) (13,895 ) Tax credits 997 (172 ) Stock-based compensation 29 (270 ) Foreign rate differential (8,084 ) 1,198 Tax rate change (643 ) (19,774 ) Non-taxable expenditures (2,211 ) — Change in uncertain tax positions (215 ) (20 ) Other 2,170 (443 ) Provision for income taxes $ (1,599 ) $ (583 )
Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities	The primary components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 76,335 $ 68,915 Research and development credits 15,845 14,198 Stock-based compensation 946 761 Capitalized research expenses 716 1,028 Capital loss carryforwards 39,087 39,087 Depreciable and amortizable assets 11,089 10,859 Business interest expense limitation 11,609 — Other temporary differences 12,584 11,761 Total gross deferred tax assets 168,211 146,609 Valuation allowance (168,211 ) (145,753 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ 856
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits	The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s provision for UTP: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Total provision for UTP as of January 1, $ 7,777 $ 7,660 Increases related to current year tax positions 655 62 Changes in tax positions of prior periods (1,044 ) 55 Total provision for UTP as of December 31, 7,388 7,777 Deferred tax assets available to offset provision for UTP (6,748 ) (7,360 ) Total provision for UTP as of December 31, $ 640 $ 417

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule of Net Product Sales from External Customers	The following table summarizes total net revenues from external customers by product and by geographic region, based on the location of the customer. Year Ended December 31, 2018 U.S. Japan Brazil Other Foreign Countries Total (in thousands) Metreleptin $ 47,942 $ 945 $ 5,170 $ 17,303 $ 71,360 Lomitapide 35,461 10,822 388 12,401 59,072 Total net revenues $ 83,403 $ 11,767 $ 5,558 $ 29,704 $ 130,432 Year Ended December 31, 2017 U.S. Japan Brazil Other Foreign Countries Total (in thousands) Metreleptin $ 50,972 $ 788 $ 6,837 $ 7,711 $ 66,308 Lomitapide 46,431 5,836 6,659 13,204 72,130 Total net revenues $ 97,403 $ 6,624 $ 13,496 $ 20,915 $ 138,438

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases	The future minimum payments for office space and office equipment over the next five years are summarized as follows: Lease Commitments Years Ending December 31,: (in thousands) 2019 $ 1,246 2020 432 2021 190 2022 134 2023 97 Thereafter 41 Total $ 2,140

Selected Quarterly Financial _2

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)	<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;"><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">The following table contains quarterly financial information for the years ended 2018 and 2017.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;"><div style="padding-left:0px;text-indent:0px;line-height:normal;padding-top:10px;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;"><tr><td colspan="16" rowspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:38%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:2%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:2%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:2%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:12%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="width:1%;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">Quarter Ended</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">December 31, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">September 30, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">June 30, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">March 31, 2018</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">(in thousands, except per share amounts)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net revenues</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">40,710</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">30,334</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">31,904</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">27,484</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Cost of product sales</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">17,958</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">12,531</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">15,703</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">13,505</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Loss from operations</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">1,030</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(11,727</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(17,894</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(21,476</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net loss</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(19,429</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(24,808</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(31,262</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(32,828</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net loss per common share - basic and diluted</font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.03</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.32</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.67</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">(1.76</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-right:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:20px;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">Quarter Ended</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">December 31, 2017</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">September 30, 2017</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">June 30, 2017</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">March 31, 2017</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td colspan="15" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bold;">(in thousands, except per share amounts)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Net revenues</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;">38,908</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"> </font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">$</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:right;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">28,669</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#cceeff;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br clear="none"/></font></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;background-co

Description of Business (Detail

Description of Business (Details)	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)product	Sep. 30, 2018USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)product	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Mar. 15, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2014USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of commercial products | product	2								2
Net loss	$ 19,429,000	$ 24,808,000	$ 31,262,000	$ 32,828,000	$ 24,568,000	$ 49,744,000	$ 21,436,000	$ 30,962,000	$ 108,327,000	$ 126,710,000
Cash used to fund operating activities									55,466,000	54,899,000
Unrestricted cash balance	45,154,000				55,430,000				45,154,000	55,430,000		$ 108,927,000
Convertible 2.0% Senior Notes
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes issued	$ 302,500,000								$ 302,500,000				$ 325,000,000
Debt instrument, stated interest rate percentage	2.00%								2.00%				2.00%
Principal	$ 302,498,000				$ 324,998,000				$ 302,498,000	$ 324,998,000
Secured Debt | Bridge Credit Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal	$ 75,900,000								$ 75,900,000
Secured Debt | New Loan
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal											$ 20,000,000

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Principles (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Prepaid manufacturing costs		$ 3,800,000	$ 4,100,000
Goodwill			0
Net revenues		130,432,000	138,438,000
Unrecognized tax benefits			0
Metreleptin
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Net revenues		$ 71,360,000	$ 66,308,000
Office Furniture, Fixtures, Research Equipment and Others | Minimum
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives		3 years
Office Furniture, Fixtures, Research Equipment and Others | Maximum
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives		5 years
Computer Software and Hardware
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives		3 years
Scenario, Adjustment | Change in Accounting Method Accounted for as Change in Estimate | Metreleptin
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 2,300,000

Inventories (Details)

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Work-in-process	$ 26,676	$ 22,579
Finished goods	22,271	27,247
Total	48,947	49,826
Less: Inventories - current	(12,745)	(15,886)
Inventories - non-current	$ 36,202	$ 33,940

Inventories - Additional Inform

Inventories - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for inventory excess and obsolescence	$ 2,062	$ 18,814

Property and Equipment, net (De

Property and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost	$ 7,534	$ 7,320
Less accumulated depreciation	(5,949)	(4,400)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	1,585	2,920
Depreciation expense	1,728	2,050
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost	1,730	1,686
Office furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost	1,731	1,743
Computer and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost	4,073	3,768
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost	$ 0	$ 123

Intangible Assets - Additional

Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment charges	$ 0	$ 0
Amortization expense of intangibles	$ 25,091,000	$ 25,052,000
Patents | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life (in years)	8 years
Patents | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life (in years)	9 years

Intangible Assets - Carrying Va

Intangible Assets - Carrying Value and Accumulated Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 252,458	$ 252,458
Accumulated Amortization	(52,282)	(27,186)
Net Carrying Value	200,176	225,272
Developed Technology Rights | Metreleptin
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	210,158	210,158
Accumulated Amortization	(44,084)	(22,924)
Net Carrying Value	166,074	187,234
Developed Technology Rights | Lomitapide
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	42,300	42,300
Accumulated Amortization	(8,198)	(4,262)
Net Carrying Value	$ 34,102	$ 38,038

Intangible Assets - Estimated A

Intangible Assets - Estimated Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2019	$ 25,095
2020	25,095
2021	25,095
2022	25,095
2023	25,095
Thereafter	74,701
Net Carrying Value	$ 200,176	$ 225,272

Accrued Liabilities (Details)

Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued employee compensation and related costs	$ 2,166	$ 7,755
Accrued professional fees	2,071	4,118
Accrued sales allowances	19,637	13,471
Accrued royalties	5,112	3,588
Other accrued liabilities	15,209	12,906
Total	$ 44,195	$ 41,838

Accrued Liabilities - Activity

Accrued Liabilities - Activity in Sales Allowance and Reserves (Details) - Lopetamide and Metreleptin - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 13,471	$ 7,849
Provision	24,646	23,087
Payments	(18,375)	(17,465)
Other adjustments	(105)	0
Ending balance	$ 19,637	$ 13,471

Restructuring (Details)

Restructuring (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018employee	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Employees impacted by reduction in workforce | employee	35
Workforce impacted as a percentage	22.00%
Restructuring charges | $		$ 2,151	$ 2,536

Restructuring - Summary of Rest

Restructuring - Summary of Restructuring Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 10	$ 0
Restructuring charges	2,151	2,536
Payments	(1,782)	(2,788)
Other adjustments	(20)	262
Ending balance	$ 359	$ 10

Loan Facilities - Schedule of S

Loan Facilities - Schedule of Short-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term principal and commitment fee	$ 73,500
Exit fee payable	1,500
Accrued unpaid interest	892
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,054)
Debt discount	(1,161)
Total short-term debt	73,677	$ 0
New Money Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term principal and commitment fee	51,000
Exit fee payable	1,500
Accrued unpaid interest	826
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,054)
Debt discount	(1,161)
Total short-term debt	51,111
Roll Up Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term principal and commitment fee	22,500
Exit fee payable	0
Accrued unpaid interest	66
Unamortized debt issuance costs	0
Debt discount	0
Total short-term debt	$ 22,566

Loan Facilities - Additional In

Loan Facilities - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions	Nov. 08, 2018	Mar. 15, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term debt			$ 73,677,000	$ 0
Accrued unpaid interest			892,000
Embedded derivative liability		$ 900,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt			4,333,000	$ 0
Loss on change in fair value of derivative liability			600,000
Write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs			300,000
Bridge Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase in interest rate in the event of default	2.00%
New Money Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated interest rate percentage	11.00%
Commitment fee (as a percentage)	2.00%
Exit fee (as a percentage)	3.00%
Short-term debt			51,111,000
Accrued unpaid interest			826,000
Roll Up Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term debt			22,566,000
Accrued unpaid interest			66,000
Intercompany Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term debt	$ 3,500,000
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs			3,200,000
Secured Debt | Shareholder Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan aggregate amount		20,000,000
Short-term debt	$ 21,200,000
Fair value of long-term debt		$ 16,600,000
Secured Debt | Bridge Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan aggregate amount			75,900,000
Debt issuance costs			3,200,000
First-tier pledge percentage	65.00%
Secured Debt | New Money Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan aggregate amount	$ 50,000,000
Short-term debt			53,300,000
Commitment fee			1,000,000
Exit fee			1,500,000
Accrued unpaid interest			800,000
Debt issuance costs			2,200,000
Secured Debt | Roll Up Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan aggregate amount	$ 22,500,000
Debt instrument, stated interest rate percentage	2.00%
Short-term debt			22,600,000
Accrued unpaid interest			100,000
Debt issuance costs			1,000,000
Secured Debt | Intercompany Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term debt			37,100,000
Debt not challenged			$ 21,500,000
Secured Debt | Common Stock | Shareholder Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants issued to purchase common shares (in shares)		1.8
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)		$ 4.40
Common shares trading days		20 days
Term of warrants (in years)		4 years
Relative fair value attributable to warrants		$ 3,400,000

Convertible Notes, net - Additi

Convertible Notes, net - Additional Information (Details)	Aug. 31, 2014USD ($)$ / shares	Aug. 31, 2014USD ($)$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Nov. 08, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Convertible 2.0% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes issued	$ 325,000,000	$ 325,000,000	$ 302,500,000
Debt instrument percentage	2.00%	2.00%	2.00%
Debt instrument conversion ratio		4.9817
Conversion amount of the convertible notes | $ / shares	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Minimum percentage of principal amount of outstanding convertible note to declare redemption	25.00%	25.00%
Repurchase price of principal amount of the convertible notes	100.00%
Percentage of principal amount payable at event of default	100.00%	100.00%
Period to resolve default	180 days
Expected life of the debt			5 years
Debt instrument, effective interest rate	16.42%	16.42%	17.56%
Loan aggregate amount			$ 302,498,000		$ 324,998,000
Secured Debt | Roll Up Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument percentage				2.00%
Loan aggregate amount				$ 22,500,000

Convertible Notes, net - Outsta

Convertible Notes, net - Outstanding Convertible Note Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: debt discount	$ (1,161)
Convertible notes, net	274,815	$ 0
Convertible 2.0% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	302,498	324,998
Less: debt discount	(27,683)	(66,460)
Convertible notes, net	$ 274,815
Net carrying amount		$ 258,538

Convertible Notes, net - Intere

Convertible Notes, net - Interest Expense Recognized Related to Convertible Notes (Details) - Convertible 2.0% Senior Notes - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	$ 6,435	$ 6,500
Amortization of debt discount	38,778	32,954
Total interest expense	$ 45,213	$ 39,454

Convertible Notes, net - Future

Convertible Notes, net - Future Minimum Payments under Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less amount representing interest	$ (892)
Less debt discount, net	(1,161)
Net carrying amount of Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2018	274,815	$ 0
Convertible 2.0% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mature on August 15, 2019	308,548
Total	308,548
Less amount representing interest	(6,050)
Less debt discount, net	(27,683)	$ (66,460)
Net carrying amount of Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2018	$ 274,815

Fair Value of Financial Instr_3

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Assets:
Money market funds	$ 6,998	$ 20,046
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Assets:
Money market funds	6,998	20,046
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Money market funds	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value of Financial Instr_4

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 15, 2018
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$ 4,333	$ 0
Loss on change in fair value of derivative liability	600
Write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs	300
Convertible 2.0% Senior Notes | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of convertible notes	$ 250,700	$ 258,300
Secured Debt | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of convertible notes			$ 16,600

Basic and Diluted Net Loss pe_3

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	5,566	18,604
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	2,113	2,025
Unvested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	127	445
Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	1,819	14,515
Convertible notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	1,507	1,619

Stock-based Payments - Addition

Stock-based Payments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	May 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period of awards (in years)		10 years
Weighted average grant date, fair values stock options (in dollars/CAD per share)		$ 1.57	$ 3.15
Weighted average exercise price of option granted (in CAD per share)		$ 3.51	$ 7.70
Intrinsic value of options exercised		$ 0	$ 0
Cash proceeds from options exercised		$ 0	500,000
Weighted-average exercise price of options outstanding that are expected to vest		$ 5.63
Share based compensation expense recognized		$ 3,060,000	$ 4,537,000
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 2,500,000
Unrecognized compensation expense, weighted-average recognition period		1 year 4 months 28 days
Stock options | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Stock options | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Time-vested RSUs | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		2 years
Time-vested RSUs | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Number of shares of common stock to received by each award vested (in shares)		1
Performance-based RSUs | Vesting Installment 1
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights percentage		33.33%
Performance-based RSUs | Vesting Installment 2
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights percentage		33.33%
Performance-based RSUs | Vesting Installment 3
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights percentage		33.33%
RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense, weighted-average recognition period		1 year 11 months 19 days
Restricted stock units outstanding (in shares)		126,887	445,017
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense of awards		$ 500,000
Weighted average grant date fair value of right granted (in dollars per share)		$ 4.52
Rights granted (in shares)		187,875
NVLN Plan | Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized for grant (in shares)		4,760,000
Number of shares of common stock available for grant (in shares)		2,250,137
ESPP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value of right granted (in dollars per share)		$ 1.27	$ 1.06
Share based compensation expense recognized		$ 200,000	$ 100,000
Rights granted (in shares)		132,000
ESPP | Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of common stock authorized to purchase by employees through periodic payroll deductions	15.00%
Percentage of purchase price at which stocks can be purchased	85.00%

Stock-based Payments - Weighted

Stock-based Payments - Weighted-Average Assumptions to Estimate Fair Value (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected stock price volatility	44.72%	38.57%
Risk-free interest rate	2.73%	2.04%
Expected life of options (years)	5 years 7 months 28 days	6 years 3 months
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Common Stock | ESPP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected stock price volatility	72.65%	48.51%
Risk-free interest rate	2.10%	1.45%
Expected life of options (years)	15 days	15 days
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

Stock-based Payments - Summary

Stock-based Payments - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Number of Stock Options
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares)	2,025,415
Granted (in shares)	1,373,999
Exercised (in shares)	0
Forfeited/cancelled (in shares)	(1,286,816)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares)	2,112,598	2,025,415
Weighted Average Exercised Price
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 8
Granted (in dollars per share)	3.51	$ 7.70
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0
Forfeited/cancelled (in dollars per share)	7.10
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 5.63	$ 8
Options Vested and Expected to Vest
Outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	8 years 6 months 25 days	7 years 6 months
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0	$ 0
Vested and expected to vest at end of year (in shares)	2,112,598
Exercisable at end of year (in shares)	538,595
Vested and expected to vest at end of year, weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 5.63
Exercisable at end of year, weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 7.74
Vested and expected to vest at end of year, weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	8 years 6 months 25 days
Exercisable at end of year, weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	6 years 11 months 23 days
Vested and expected to vest at end of year, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0
Exercisable at end of year, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0

Stock-based Payments - Summar_2

Stock-based Payments - Summary of RSU Activity (Details) - RSUs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018$ / sharesshares
Number of RSUs
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares) | shares	445,017
Granted (in shares) | shares	187,875
Vested (in shares) | shares	(243,639)
Forfeited/cancelled (in shares) | shares	(262,366)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares) | shares	126,887
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.29
Granted, weighted-average fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.52
Vested, weighted-average fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	8.62
Forfeited/cancelled, weighted-average fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.69
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.40

Stock-based Payments - Compensa

Stock-based Payments - Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,060	$ 4,537
Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	2,589	3,721
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 471	$ 816

Employee Benefit Plan (Details)

Employee Benefit Plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Percentage of employees matching contribution	50.00%
Percentage of employees matching contribution, gross pay	6.00%
Employer contribution expense	$ 0.7	$ 0.8

Income Taxes - Loss Before Prov

Income Taxes - Loss Before Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Loss before provision for income taxes	$ (106,728)	$ (126,127)
Domestic | Canada
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Canada	(12,588)	(24,177)
Foreign | U.S.
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
U.S. and Other Foreign	(67,421)	(69,034)
Foreign | Other Foreign
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
U.S. and Other Foreign	$ (26,719)	$ (32,916)

Income Taxes - (Provision) Bene

Income Taxes - (Provision) Benefit for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current benefit (provision):
Current (provision) benefit income tax expense	$ (745)	$ (530)
Deferred provision:
Provision for income taxes	(1,599)	(583)
Domestic | Canada
Current benefit (provision):
Canada	95	(3)
Foreign | U.S.
Current benefit (provision):
U.S. and Other Foreign	52	106
Foreign | Other Foreign
Current benefit (provision):
U.S. and Other Foreign	(892)	(633)
Deferred provision:
Other Foreign	$ (854)	$ (53)

Income Taxes - Statutory and Ef

Income Taxes - Statutory and Effective Tax Rates Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Canadian statutory tax rates	27.00%	26.00%
Loss before income taxes	$ (106,728)	$ (126,127)
Expected income tax benefit	28,817	32,793
Net increase in valuation allowance	(22,459)	(13,895)
Tax credits	(997)	172
Stock-based compensation	29	(270)
Foreign rate differential	(8,084)	1,198
Tax rate change	(643)	(19,774)
Non-taxable expenditures	(2,211)	0
Change in uncertain tax positions	(215)	(20)
Other	2,170	(443)
Provision for income taxes	$ (1,599)	$ (583)

Income Taxes - Components of De

Income Taxes - Components of Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 76,335	$ 68,915
Research and development credits	15,845	14,198
Stock-based compensation	946	761
Capitalized research expenses	716	1,028
Capital loss carryforwards	39,087	39,087
Depreciable and amortizable assets	11,089	10,859
Business interest expense limitation	11,609	0
Other temporary differences	12,584	11,761
Total gross deferred tax assets	168,211	146,609
Valuation allowance	(168,211)	(145,753)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 0	$ 856

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Components Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	$ 0	$ 856,000
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	168,211,000	145,753,000
Net operating loss carryforwards	298,400,000
Reserve for uncertain tax positions	7,388,000	7,777,000	$ 7,660,000
Unrecognized tax benefits available to offset uncertain tax position liabilities	6,748,000	7,360,000
Net unrecognized benefits	640,000	417,000
Federal | Canada
Components Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	191,300,000
Capital loss carryforwards	289,500,000
Federal | Canada | Research and Development
Components Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	13,500,000
Scientific, research and experimental development pool	11,400,000
Foreign | U.S.
Components Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	66,200,000
Operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration	59,200,000
Current income tax expense recorded as result of change in federal tax rate		21,500,000
Incremental U.S. tax for unremitted earnings in foreign subsidiaries		0
Tax liability recorded for unremitted earnings in foreign subsidiaries		$ 0
Foreign | Switzerland
Components Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	30,800,000
Foreign | UK
Components Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	10,100,000
State and Local | U.S.
Components Of Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 43,900,000

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Total provision for UTP as of January 1,	$ 7,777	$ 7,660
Increases related to current year tax positions	655	62
Changes in tax positions of prior periods	(1,044)
Changes in tax positions of prior periods		55
Total provision for UTP as of December 31,	7,388	7,777
Deferred tax assets available to offset provision for UTP	(6,748)	(7,360)
Total provision for UTP as of December 31,	$ 640	$ 417

Segment Information - Additiona

Segment Information - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018customersegmentproduct	Dec. 31, 2017customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Number of commercial products | product	2
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of major customers	1	2
Customer concentration risk, percentage	64.00%	70.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Accounts Receivable | Customer One
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of major customers		1
Customer concentration risk, percentage	35.00%	63.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Intangibles | Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Customer concentration risk, percentage	100.00%	100.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Intangibles | U.S. | Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Customer concentration risk, percentage	65.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Intangibles | Europe | Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Customer concentration risk, percentage	35.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Property and Equipment | U.S.
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Customer concentration risk, percentage	66.00%	75.00%

Segment Information - Summary o

Segment Information - Summary of Total Net Product Sale Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									$ 130,432	$ 138,438
Metreleptin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									71,360	66,308
Lomitapide
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									59,072	72,130
Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 40,710	$ 30,334	$ 31,904	$ 27,484	$ 38,908	$ 28,669	$ 40,877	$ 29,984	130,432	138,438
U.S. | Metreleptin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									47,942	50,972
U.S. | Lomitapide
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									35,461	46,431
U.S. | Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									83,403	97,403
Japan | Metreleptin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									945	788
Japan | Lomitapide
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									10,822	5,836
Japan | Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									11,767	6,624
Brazil | Metreleptin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									5,170	6,837
Brazil | Lomitapide
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									388	6,659
Brazil | Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									5,558	13,496
Other Foreign Countries | Metreleptin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									17,303	7,711
Other Foreign Countries | Lomitapide
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									12,401	13,204
Other Foreign Countries | Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues									$ 29,704	$ 20,915

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2019	$ 1,246
2020	432
2021	190
2022	134
2023	97
Thereafter	41
Total	$ 2,140

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details)

Feb. 05, 2019USD ($)

Jan. 30, 2018USD ($)

Sep. 25, 2017USD ($)claim

Sep. 22, 2017USD ($)

Apr. 03, 2013USD ($)

Jul. 31, 2016USD ($)

Feb. 28, 2015USD ($)

Jan. 31, 2015

Mar. 31, 2014plaintiff

Mar. 31, 2014plaintiff

Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)product

Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)

Apr. 13, 2013USD ($)product

Sep. 24, 2012USD ($)

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Rent expense under operating leases

$ 3,100,000

$ 3,300,000

Indemnification accrual

0

0

Visudyne

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Annual net royalties to be achieved for earn-out payment

$ 8,500,000

PPDS Technology

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Proceeds from divestiture of businesses

$ 1,300,000

Contingent consideration proceeds

$ 0

0

Milestone One | Visudyne

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Consideration received on sale of disposal group

500,000

5,000,000

Milestone Two | Visudyne

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Consideration received on sale of disposal group

2,500,000

Milestone Three | Visudyne

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Consideration received on sale of disposal group

0

Earn-out | Visudyne

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Consideration received on sale of disposal group

15,000,000

Annual earn-out payment received in sale of disposal group

$ 5,000,000

Earn-out | PPDS Technology

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Consideration received on sale of disposal group

$ 19,500,000

Number of products required to commercialize for milestone payments to be made | product

2

Former Executive Officer | Qui Tam Litigation

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff

2

Former Employee | Qui Tam Litigation

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff

1

UPenn

Other Commitments [Line Items]

License agreement written notice period

60 days

Royalty payments

$ 2,600,000

3,100,000

Accrued additional royalties

$ 700,000

UPenn | Lomitapide

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Number of products covered by licensed patent rights | product

1

Commercial Commitments

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Contractual obligation

$ 44,700,000

Aegerion | DOJ settlement

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Litigation settlement paid

$ 7,200,000

Litigation settlement, payable period (in years)

3 years

Litigation settlement, interest rate over unpaid balance percentage

1.75%

Current liability

2,000,000

Noncurrent liability

$ 2,300,000

Litigation settlement, probation period (in years)

3 years

Number of claims settled | claim

2

Aegerion | MYALEPT

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Royalty payments

$ 12,600,000

9,700,000

Aegerion | Lomitapide | SEC settlement

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Litigation settlement paid

$ 4,100,000

Litigation settlement, payable period (in years)

3 years

Litigation settlement, interest rate over unpaid balance percentage

1.75%

Current liability

900,000

Noncurrent liability

700,000

Aegerion | Lomitapide | DOJ settlement

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Litigation settlement paid

$ 28,800,000

Litigation settlement, payable period (in years)

3 years

Current liability

8,800,000

Noncurrent liability

16,400,000

Aegerion | Lomitapide | DOJ settlement | Insurance-related Assessments

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Litigation settlement paid

$ 2,700,000

Aegerion | Amgen Inc

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Maximum royalty payment period

10 years

License agreement written notice period

90 days

Accrued additional royalties

$ 4,500,000

$ 2,900,000

Aegerion | Rockefeller University

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Development milestone payments

$ 5,000,000

Milestone payment, maximum extension period

12 months

Brazil | Lomitapide | Illegal Promotion and Violation of Code of Conduct

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Litigation settlement paid

$ 500,000

Suspension of membership period

180 days

Payments for legal settlements

$ 500,000

Subsequent Event | UPenn | Lomitapide

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Percentage of milestone payment due to UPenn

15.00%

Percentage of royalty payments received

25.00%

Subsequent Event | Aegerion

Other Commitments [Line Items]

Percentage of upfront payment due to UPenn

15.00%

One-time upfront payment

$ 25,000,000

Selected Quarterly Financial _3

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Net revenues									$ 130,432	$ 138,438
Cost of product sales									59,697	77,220
Loss from operations	$ 1,030	$ (11,727)	$ (17,894)	$ (21,476)	$ (13,964)	$ (39,399)	$ (11,772)	$ (21,663)	(50,067)	(86,798)
Net loss	$ (19,429)	$ (24,808)	$ (31,262)	$ (32,828)	$ (24,568)	$ (49,744)	$ (21,436)	$ (30,962)	$ (108,327)	$ (126,710)
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.03)	$ (1.32)	$ (1.67)	$ (1.76)	$ (1.32)	$ (2.67)	$ (1.15)	$ (1.67)	$ (5.76)	$ (6.81)
Products
Net revenues	$ 40,710	$ 30,334	$ 31,904	$ 27,484	$ 38,908	$ 28,669	$ 40,877	$ 29,984	$ 130,432	$ 138,438
Cost of product sales	$ 17,958	$ 12,531	$ 15,703	$ 13,505	$ 16,993	$ 29,505	$ 14,277	$ 16,445

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event	Feb. 05, 2019USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Customary supply agreement, initial term (in years)	2 years
Customary supply agreement, automatic renewal term (in years)	2 years
Aegerion
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
One-time upfront payment	$ 25,000,000
One-time payment due within 45 days	$ 5,000,000
Number of days following the Completion Date	45 days
Percentage of net sales	22.50%
Percentage of all other sublicense revenues	20.00%
Commercial milestone payments receivable (up to)	$ 80,000,000
First installment payable	12,500,000
Cumulative net sales, first threshold	70,000,000
Cumulative net sales, second threshold	280,000,000
Cumulative net sales, second threshold, incremental installments	5,000,000
Cumulative net sales, maximum	700,000,000
Proceeds from upfront payment	15,000,000
Proceeds from upfront payment reinvested	12,000,000
Marketing authorization transfer fee	$ 5,000,000
Percentage of upfront payment due to UPenn	15.00%
Percentage of net sales retained	40.00%
Percentage of net sales remitted	60.00%
Transitional services at hourly rate, term (in years)	6 months
Intercompany Loan
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Net cash proceeds used to repay debt, percentage	42.00%
Bridge Credit Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Net cash proceeds used to repay debt, percentage	58.00%
Lomitapide | UPenn
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of milestone payment due to UPenn	15.00%
Percentage of royalty payments received	25.00%