2. Summary of significant accounting policies | 6 Months Ended |
Jun. 30, 2014 |
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
2. Summary of significant accounting policies | ' |
Unaudited Interim Financial Information |
|
The accompanying unaudited financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. The results of the six months periods ended June 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2014. |
|
Principles of consolidation |
|
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances within the Company are eliminated in consolidation. |
|
Use of estimates |
|
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
|
Foreign currency translation |
|
The Company uses the United States dollar for financial reporting purposes. The Company’s subsidiaries maintain their books and records in their functional currency - Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY), being the primary currency of the economic environment in which their operations are conducted. All assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate, stockholder’s equity are translated at the historical rates and income statement and statement of cash flows items are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statement of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheet. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive as a component of shareholders’ equity. |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
The Company considers all cash on hand and in banks, including accounts in book overdraft positions, certificates of deposit and other highly-liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash and cash equivalents. |
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and other receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company reserved $1,822,887 and $1,868,025 respectively, for other receivable bad debt, and $705,805 and $723,282, respectively, for accounts receivable bad debt. The Company also reserved $2,014,959 and $2,064,853 respectively for loans receivable. |
|
Property and equipment |
|
Property and equipment is being depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis over useful lives as follows: |
|
|
Buildings | 8-26 years |
Equipment | 5 years |
Automobile | 5 years |
Office furniture and fixtures | 5 years |
|
Repairs and maintenance costs are normally charged to the statement of operations and other comprehensive income in the year in which they are incurred. In situations where it can be clearly demonstrated that the expenditure has resulted in an increase in the future economic benefits expected to be obtained from the use of the asset, the expenditure is capitalized as an additional cost of the asset. |
|
Property and equipment are evaluated annually for any impairment in value. Where the recoverable amount of any property and equipment is determined to have declined below its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to reflect the decline in value. There were no property and equipment impairments recognized as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 respectively. |
|
Properties held for rental |
|
Properties include buildings held for rental and land use rights, which are being depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis over 20-26 years. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, net property held for rental amounted to $42,024,451 and $44,738,745 respectively. Accumulated depreciation of rental properties amounted to $31,842,720 as of June 30, 2014 and $30,957,503 as of December 31, 2013. |
|
Revenue recognition |
|
Rental income and management fee income – The Company recognizes the rental income on the straight-line basis over the terms of the tenancy agreements. The management fee, including the service fee mainly for property management, maintenance and repair, and security, is recognized quarterly over the terms of the tenancy agreements. |
|
Real estate sales – Revenue from the sales of development properties is recognized by the full accrual method when the sale is consummated. A sale is not considered consummated until (1) the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, (2) all consideration has been exchanged, (3) any permanent financing of which the seller is responsible has been arranged, (4) all conditions precedent to closing have been performed, (5) the seller does not have substantial continuing involvement with the property, and (6) the usual risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer. Sales transactions not meeting all the conditions of the full accrual method are accounted for using the deposit method of accounting. Under the deposit method, all costs are capitalized as incurred, and payments received from the buyer are recorded as a deposit liability. |
|
Real estate capitalization and cost allocation – Real estate held for development or sale is stated at cost or estimated net realizable value, whichever is lower. Costs include land and land improvements, direct construction costs and development costs, including predevelopment costs, interest on indebtedness, real estate taxes, insurance, construction overhead and indirect project costs. Selling and advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Total estimated costs of multi-unit developments are allocated to individual units based upon specific identification methods. |
|
Impairment – If real estate is determined to be impaired, it will be written down to its fair market value. Real estate held for development or sale costs include the cost of land use rights, land development and home construction costs, engineering costs, insurance costs, wages, real estate taxes, and interest related to development and construction. All costs are accumulated by specific projects and allocated to residential and commercial units within the respective projects. The Company leases the land for the residential unit sites under land use rights with various terms from the government of the PRC. The Company evaluates the carrying value for impairment based on the undiscounted future cash flows of the assets. Write-downs of inventory deemed impaired would be recorded as adjustments to the cost basis. No depreciation is provided for construction in progress. |
|
Other income |
|
Other income consists of land leveling income, parking lot income, cleaning income and etc. This income was recognized as the services were performed and the settled amount has been paid in accordance with the terms of the agreement. |
|
Earnings (loss) per share |
|
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. |
|
As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, there were no outstanding securities or other contracts to issue common stock, such as options, warrants or conversion rights, which would have a dilutive effect on earnings per share as the effect of options outstanding at that time was anti- dilutive. |
|
Income taxes |
|
The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. |
|
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the difference are expected to affect taxable income. |
|
The Company records a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, if any, based on its estimates of its future taxable income as well as its tax planning strategies when it is more likely than not that a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
|
Concentrations of business and credit risk |
|
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivables arising from its normal business activities. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in what it believes to be credit-worthy financial institutions. The Company maintains large sums of cash in two major banks in China. The aggregate balance in such accounts as of June 30, 2014 was $7,793,598. There is no insurance securing these deposits in China. The Company has a diversified customer base, most of which are in China. |
|
The Company controls credit risk related to accounts receivable through credit approvals, credit limits and monitoring procedures. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and, based upon factors surrounding the credit risk, establishes an allowance, if required, for uncollectible accounts and, as a consequence, believes that its accounts receivable credit risk exposure beyond such allowance is limited. |
|
Statement of cash flows |
|
Cash flows from the Company's operations is calculated based upon the local currencies. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statement of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheet. |
|
Recent accounting pronouncements |
|
There have been no new accounting pronouncements during the six months ended June 30, 2014 that are of significance, or potential significance, to the Company. |
|
Reclassifications |
|
Certain amounts in the 2013 financial statements may have been reclassified to conform to the 2014 presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported results of operations or retained earnings. |